30:
308:
Like similar associations in
Baltimore and other U.S. cities during this period, the Plug Uglies' street influence made them useful to party politicians anxious to control the polls on election days. The Plug Uglies were the central figures in the first election Know-Nothing Riot in Baltimore in
332:
The violence of the Plug Uglies and other political clubs had an important impact on
Baltimore. It was largely responsible for the creation of modern policing and a paid, professional fire department, as well as court and electoral reforms. These reforms, together with the election of a Reform
324:
Besides election-day fighting, the gang was involved in several assassinations and shootings in
Baltimore. Most notably, Plug Ugly Henry Gambrill was implicated in the murder of a Baltimore police officer in September 1858. Gambrill's trial (presided over by judge
213:
with wool and leather, pulling them down over their ears for head protection as primitive helmets during the numerous street battles they participated in. The name Plug Uglies was used to refer to a number of criminal gangs in
321:, in June 1857. At the Washington riot, the National Guard was called out to quell the fighting. Accounts of the Washington riot appeared in newspapers nationally and gained widespread notoriety for the Plug Uglies.
176:
209:
was used to identify an extremely tough ferocious fighter who could give a sound beating to an opponent, with the Plug Uglies' name additionally stemming from their practice of stuffing oversized
250:
278:
602:
290:
286:
266:
262:
386:
said that "the scoundrels cannot afford to miss this golden opportunity of indulging their brutal natures, and at the same time serving their colleagues the
282:
371:
420:
298:
399:
274:
294:
270:
554:
Five Points: The 19th
Century New York City Neighborhood That Invented Tap Dance, Stole Elections, and Became the World's Most Notorious Slum
313:, they were also actively involved in deadly rioting at the October 1856 municipal election in Baltimore and in similar violence at the
597:
582:
358:. They are also mentioned in Chapter XIII of MacKinlay Kantor's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel "Andersonville" (1955).
487:
592:
241:. However, this latter alleged association is disputed, as the Plug Uglies, a Nativist gang, were anti-Irish.
587:
329:) and the subsequent deadly violence relating to it, made the crime one of the most sensational of the era.
345:
201:
criminal street gang, sometimes referred to loosely as a political club, that operated in the west side of
261:
area. They were originally runners and rowdies affiliated with Mount Vernon. Plug Ugly captains included
421:"Maryland Republican Convention.; MEETING AT BALTIMORE – THE HALL MOBBED, AND THE CONVENTION DISPERSED"
254:
238:
226:
93:
461:"FACTS AND INCIDENTS OF THE RIOT.: THE MURDER OF COLORED PEOPLE IN THOMPSON AND SULLIVAN STREETS".
378:
and other rowdies of
Philadelphia," had come to New York to participate in the riots alongside the
258:
51:
418:
On April 26, 1860, Erasmus Levy led the mob which broke up the
Maryland Republican Convention.
81:
310:
387:
8:
566:
202:
175:
104:
363:
334:
234:
367:
reported that Plug-Uglies and Bloody Tubs gang members from
Baltimore, as well as the
483:
314:
35:
318:
301:. The gang associated with the emerging American Party, also known as the Nativist
89:
114:
519:
Hanging Henry
Gambrill: The Violent Career of Baltimore's Plug Uglies, 1854–1860
475:
375:
341:
576:
215:
155:
85:
29:
379:
368:
302:
230:
219:
198:
159:
326:
249:
The Plug Uglies coalesced in the 1850s shortly after the creation of the
180:
147:
118:
351:
186:
183:
73:
39:
151:
77:
55:
210:
129:
121:
125:
133:
34:
The Plug Uglies were notorious for being instigators of many
480:
The Gangs of New York: An
Informal History of the Underworld
137:
439:
361:
On July 16, 1863, during the New York City draft riots,
333:
municipal administration in
October 1860 and then the
229:. They allied themselves with the New York City Irish
179:
A plug hat worn by a rowdy Irishman in a 19th-century
603:
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
540:The Mob: 200 Years of Organized Crime in New York
574:
400:List of historical gang members of New York City
225:The Plug Uglies took part in the 1856 Baltimore
92:, present-day Worth Street, Baxter Street, and
514:(3rd ed.). New York: Facts on File Inc., 2005.
474:
445:
337:, led to the breaking up of the Plug Uglies.
454:
189:similar to the ones worn by the Plug Uglies.
547:Low Life: Lures and Snares of Old New York
233:gang in looting New York City during the
174:
533:Capone: The Life and World of Al Capone
96:, in Manhattan, New York City, New York
575:
257:volunteer fire company located in the
542:. Ottawa, Illinois: Green Hill, 1983.
535:. New York: J.P. Putnam's Sons, 1971.
251:Mount Vernon Hook-and-Ladder Company
13:
525:
512:The Encyclopedia of American Crime
14:
614:
567:The Legend of Old Smoke Morrissey
560:
507:, New York: Hastings House, 1974.
340:The Plug Uglies were featured in
309:October 1855. Together with the
28:
269:. Other prominent members were
412:
382:and other New York gangs. The
354:'s chronicle of old New York,
205:, from 1854 to 1865. The term
169:Baltimore Irish American gangs
1:
598:Former gangs in New York City
497:
482:. New York: Alfred A. Knoff.
7:
465:. July 16, 1863. p. 1.
393:
390:and secesh sympathizers."
10:
619:
244:
583:Former gangs in Baltimore
255:Baltimore Fire Department
165:
143:
110:
100:
69:
61:
47:
27:
405:
52:Mount Vernon, Baltimore
593:Maryland Know Nothings
517:Tracy Matthew Melton,
425:New York Times archive
190:
82:Five Points, Manhattan
48:Founding location
569:by John William Tuohy
279:George "Howard" Davis
178:
19:Criminal organization
588:Culture of Baltimore
16:American street gang
538:Peterson, Virgil.,
283:Henry Clay Gambrill
239:Draft Riots of 1863
203:Baltimore, Maryland
111:Criminal activities
105:Old Stock Americans
24:
463:The New York Times
364:The New York Times
291:Erasmus "Ras" Levy
235:American Civil War
191:
22:
503:Haskins, James.,
448:Gangs of New York
372:Schuykill Rangers
347:Gangs of New York
315:Know-Nothing Riot
227:Know-Nothing Riot
197:were an American
173:
172:
62:Years active
610:
552:Tyler Anbinder,
493:
467:
466:
458:
452:
443:
437:
436:
434:
432:
427:. April 27, 1860
416:
319:Washington, D.C.
305:, in Baltimore.
32:
25:
21:
618:
617:
613:
612:
611:
609:
608:
607:
573:
572:
563:
531:Kobler, John.,
528:
526:Further reading
510:Sifakis, Carl.
500:
490:
476:Asbury, Herbert
471:
470:
460:
459:
455:
444:
440:
430:
428:
419:
417:
413:
408:
396:
299:Wesley Woodward
247:
115:street fighting
43:
42:from 1854–1865.
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
616:
606:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
571:
570:
562:
561:External links
559:
558:
557:
550:
543:
536:
527:
524:
523:
522:
515:
508:
499:
496:
495:
494:
488:
469:
468:
453:
438:
410:
409:
407:
404:
403:
402:
395:
392:
376:Jimmy Haggerty
342:Herbert Asbury
287:Alexander Levy
275:George Coulson
246:
243:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
145:
141:
140:
119:knife fighting
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
49:
45:
44:
36:Nativist riots
33:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
615:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
580:
578:
568:
565:
564:
555:
551:
548:
544:
541:
537:
534:
530:
529:
520:
516:
513:
509:
506:
502:
501:
491:
489:0-09-943674-4
485:
481:
477:
473:
472:
464:
457:
451:
449:
442:
426:
422:
415:
411:
401:
398:
397:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
370:
366:
365:
359:
357:
353:
349:
348:
343:
338:
336:
330:
328:
322:
320:
316:
312:
306:
304:
303:Know Nothings
300:
296:
295:James Wardell
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
271:Louis A. Carl
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
223:
221:
217:
216:New York City
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
188:
185:
182:
177:
168:
164:
161:
157:
153:
149:
146:
142:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
120:
116:
113:
109:
106:
103:
99:
95:
94:Columbus Park
91:
87:
86:New York City
83:
79:
75:
72:
68:
64:
60:
57:
53:
50:
46:
41:
37:
31:
26:
553:
546:
545:Sante, Luc,
539:
532:
518:
511:
505:Street Gangs
504:
479:
462:
456:
447:
441:
429:. Retrieved
424:
414:
383:
380:Dead Rabbits
369:Philadelphia
362:
360:
355:
346:
339:
331:
323:
307:
267:James Morgan
263:John English
259:Mount Vernon
248:
231:Dead Rabbits
224:
220:Philadelphia
206:
194:
192:
160:Dead Rabbits
388:Copperheads
327:Henry Stump
218:as well as
195:Plug Uglies
184:stereotyped
181:Thomas Nast
148:Bloody Tubs
23:Plug Uglies
577:Categories
498:References
352:Lucy Sante
187:caricature
431:March 27,
335:Civil War
211:plug hats
207:plug ugly
156:Nativists
101:Ethnicity
74:Baltimore
70:Territory
65:1854–1865
40:Baltimore
478:(1927).
446:Asbury,
394:See also
356:Low Life
344:'s book
311:Rip Raps
199:Nativist
152:Rip Raps
90:New York
78:Maryland
56:Maryland
556:(2001).
521:(2005).
245:History
237:in the
138:rioting
130:robbery
122:assault
549:(1991)
486:
450:(1927)
374:under
350:, and
297:, and
166:Rivals
144:Allies
126:murder
406:Notes
384:Times
134:arson
484:ISBN
433:2012
265:and
253:, a
193:The
80:and
317:in
38:in
579::
423:.
293:,
289:,
285:,
281:,
277:,
273:,
222:.
158:,
154:,
150:,
136:,
132:,
128:,
124:,
117:,
88:,
84:,
76:,
54:,
492:.
435:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
