302:
have to face legal penalty. The venue of the fight is changed every time for confidential protection and will be announced on the fight day. The promoters are in charge of finding different locations to host these fights where indoor boxing rings, gyms or gym mats with crowd-form barricade are utilised as a disguise so as not to attract the public attention. Amongst incentives that draw people into underground street fights, money oriented and attention seeking are the two most fundamental one. In order to qualify for the fight, attendees have to go through a registration process. The fight is either between two randomly matched applicants whose identity will be kept until the matching day or between two attendees with unresolved conflicts. Sometimes, it can be between 2 fighters urging to start their MMA career that get matched right on the registration spot. Attendees are required to comply with the rules set by the club. The grant price is usually given to the winner only, but sometimes both people can be paid. The club is funded by entrance tickets sold to audiences with undisclosed amounts. The audience may have to go through a security check for weapons as they are not allowed inside the venue. On several occasions, the audience gamble on the result of the fight, particularly, they place their bet on one of the attendees that they expect to win in the hope of a worthy return. The fight lasts for three rounds, sometimes an additional round is conducted because the crowd's provocation fuels the combativeness of the attendees.
147:. These conflicts could be stratification, misunderstanding, hate speech or even retaliation. For instance, in areas that are not under police surveillance and criminally dominated, violence is believed to be the substantiation of superior reputation and pride. In other words, people take part in street fights to obtain dominance because of social status given to the ruler. For another instance, men showed off their value in the sense that opponents' self-esteem is on the verge of being destroyed from their insults, humiliation and vilification to which violence is the go-to resort. Additionally, some fights are driven by alcohol. Alcohol itself does not directly lead to violence but it acts as a catalyst, allowing cheers from the crowds or provocation from opponents to ignite the fight between fighters. Since the consumption of alcohol negatively impacts the brain function, drunk people fail to assess the situation which often results in overreacting and unpredictable fights.
33:
246:
1,250 fine or three months imprisonment. In New South Wales, Australia, persons involved in a fight that could intimidate the public can be charged by the police for the offence of affray with a maximum punishment of ten years imprisonment. If any injuries are caused during the fight, the severity of the injury will impact the penalty of the participants. Intentional injuries, especially, will result in more severe penalties. One may still be liable for the injuries of the victim even if the injuries were not directly caused by that person but by another participating in the fight. If someone dies, all members in the group that are involved in the assault may be accused of murder, no matter who inflicted the fatal blow. Self-defence is generally too narrow to provide protection.
111:
264:
378:: He started his career participating in street fights and gained public recognition after footage of him defeating his opponents went viral on the internet. In his first taped fight against a man named Big D, Ferguson left a large cut on his opponent's right eye which led internet fans to call him "Slice", becoming the last name to his already popular childhood nickname, Kimbo.
119:
fights usually start with an outbreak of emotion such as anger, fear and indignation. Street fights do not last long, usually running for minutes or even seconds. The outcome of the fight is unpredictable due to the fact that participants are unlikely to know others' abilities, strengths or weaknesses.
271:
Street fights used to happen in the dark, out of communal sight. With the exposure to social media, however, street fights have become more transparent. Organisers that help with professional street fight setup are known as "clubs", which are run on a money-oriented basis. These clubs can host either
245:
Street fighting is usually illegal due to its disruption of public order. Depending on each localities' laws and the gravity of the situation, participants may be liable to either a fine or imprisonment. In South
Australia, for example, the maximum penalty for the offence of fighting in public is a $
139:
The causes of street fighting are varied. Originally, street fighting was a way of defending oneself. In the stone age, fights were mostly aimed for survival purposes – protecting territory, securing resources and defending families. According to Mike Martin, a London lecturer in war studies, "Humans
126:
or the participation of someone from the crowd, whether intentional or unintentional. In the past , only when an opponent died could the other participant be considered the winner. Similarly, at present, the match is only over when one surrenders, or both are unable to continue, when someone from the
203:
The consequences of street fighting are undeniably dangerous and critical, and street fighters are exposed to short-term and long-term physical health issues. Such poor health includes temporary and permanent disabilities, fractures, partial body part losses, severe injuries, or death. For instance,
301:
Pre-fight medical check-ups are required to ensure that the participants are not involved with drugs or infectious diseases such as HIV, Hepatitis or any other illnesses. Any fights that are not in compliance with the authoriser rules and regulations are considered illegal and the participants will
101:
fight was a group fight involving both males and females, including children, armed with bladelets and arrow projectiles. The fight was to protect their valuables such as lands, food and water resources and their tribes or families or to respond mortally to the threat from the encounter between two
254:
In terms of economics, street fights result in damage to social infrastructure. In 2000, a fund worth approximately 9 million euros was spent in order to repair previous three-year demolition done by street fighters. In 1995 in Basque city, the destruction of public transport resulting from street
279:
Despite the fact that some illegal fight clubs still run within the authorisers' competence, some street fight clubs even obtain authoritative approval, meaning these sanctioning entities are running under the supervision of a certified regulator. Some further requirements for professional fights
224:
Not only does the involvement in street fights affect the participants, it also collaterally influences the participants' family members and friends, especially small children. Traumatic exposure in small children to such negative experience often leads to post-traumatic stress reactions, such as
118:
Street fights can be planned ahead or occur suddenly, regardless of location and time. The frequency of physical assaults is based on crime rates, level of poverty and accessibility to weapons. In street fights, everyone can be an opponent, including friends, relatives or even strangers. Street
314:: Lee was known for engaging in street fights before he started training in martial arts, and continued to street fight while training. He challenged students from rival schools, cross-trained in several disciplines, and eventually developed the hybrid martial art of
276:, professional fighters are those who contend for the prize (money or gift) which has monetary value exceeding $ 75. In contrast, amateur fights also known as 'smokers' refer to unsanctioned fights where no safeguards and regulations are required.
186:
teeth may have evolved to be larger and thicker so as to allow the energy from the punch to be transferred from the jaw to the skull. Additionally, the proportion of the human hands have evolved in a way that allows for the formation of a
1623:
208:
are the most targeted parts in the body, which account for 83%, 4% and 2% of fractures, respectively, amongst all injuries. In addition to damaging physical health, street fighting can also result in mental illness, such as
89:, where a fossil skull was found with two fractures apparently caused by the same object, implying an intentional lethal attack. Another record of early human fighting is one that happened 9,500 to 10,500 years ago in
54:
in public places between individuals or groups of people. The venue is usually a public place (e.g., a street), and the fight sometimes results in serious injury or even death. Some street fights can be
1631:
1588:
Berthelot, Emily R.; Brown, Timothy C.; Drawve, Grant; Burgason, Kyle A. (25 March 2015). "The
Southern Pub Crawl and Brawl: An Examination of the Alcohol–Violence Nexus in a Southern City".
127:
crowd or the police or a security guard stops the fight or "steps in" or when one of the combatants dies. Despite the brutal and life-threatening consequences, people's willingness to commit
629:
Lahr, M. Mirazón; Rivera, F.; Power, R. K.; Mounier, A.; Copsey, B.; Crivellaro, F.; Edung, J. E.; Fernandez, J. M. Maillo; Kiarie, C.; Lawrence, J.; Leakey, A. (January 2016).
66:, during which dispute one suggests stepping outside, where the fight commences. It is often possible to avoid the fight by withdrawing from the situation; whereas in
1059:
406:: An English unlicensed boxer, bouncer, bodyguard, businessman and actor. He was known as "The Guv'nor", "the King of the Cobbles" and "the hardest man in Britain".
764:
291:
A minimum attendance of one commission-designated doctor and an ambulance with medical personnel equipped with appropriate resuscitation kits to be on scene
140:
fight to achieve status and belonging. They do so because, in evolutionary terms, these are the surest routes to survival and increased reproduction".
1060:"Posttraumatic stress disorder and psychosocial difficulties among children living in a conflict area of the Southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey"
699:
Rivara, Frederick; Adhia, Avanti; Lyons, Vivian; Massey, Anne; Mills, Brianna; Morgan, Erin; Simckes, Maayan; Rowhani-Rahbar, Ali (1 October 2019).
822:"Contesting Dominance and Performing Badness: A Micro-Sociological Analysis of the Forms, Situational Asymmetry, and Severity of Street Violence"
233:, or nightmares. Adults have the high probability of coping with trauma, even when they do not sustain direct injuries, leading to increases in
1371:
166:
lineage have evolved over time as a means to mitigate injury from hand-to-hand combat. Facial robusticity, which includes traits such as jaw
32:
511:
1281:
790:
143:
As humans evolve, new conflicts arise in order to gratify more sophisticated wants. The purposes of street fighting shifted to solve
1117:
182:) stretch as a means to absorb energy from the punch in order to reduce the likelihood of jaw dislocation and prevent fracture. The
1153:
1506:
1248:
384:: He was a known street fighter prior to his professional MMA career, including fighting and beating Kimbo Slice's protégé "Ray."
1007:
Bailey, Kylie A.; Baker, Amanda L.; McElduff, Patrick; Jones, Mark A.; Oldmeadow, Christopher; Kavanagh, David J. (July 2017).
167:
281:
324:: A retired professional boxer. He was once a street fighter and took part in multiple street fights from a young age.
221:. Extreme feelings of guilt experienced by some perpetrators in the aftermath of a violent event may lead to suicide.
1664:
1318:
568:
1398:
468:
24:
1553:
Leary, James P. (1976). "Fists and Foul Mouths: Fights and Fight
Stories in Contemporary Rural American Bars".
359:
210:
70:, a person is actively trying to escape the confrontation, using force if necessary to ensure his own safety.
20:
442:
1009:"Effects of Assault Type on Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Coexisting Depression and Alcohol Misuse"
463:
391:
369:
1451:
1674:
1076:
521:
700:
372:
Barnett engaged in street fights that he organized online prior to his professional MMA career.
345:
331:
144:
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1346:
110:
446:
394:
Alvarez engaged in street fights due to a lack of opportunity before his professional career.
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642:
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8:
871:
430:
63:
51:
646:
599:
1605:
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849:
736:
674:
1347:"The Original Street Fighting Man | Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective"
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218:
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1089:
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1030:
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971:
916:
833:
712:
678:
650:
631:"Inter-group violence among early Holocene hunter-gatherers of West Turkana, Kenya"
416:
335:
273:
98:
400:: He has engaged in several street fights during his professional fighting career.
1659:
1601:
1058:
Eyuboglu, Murat; Eyuboglu, Damla; Sahin, Birgul; Fidan, Esra (1 September 2019).
516:
358:: He engaged in many street fights before beginning his professional career with
327:
226:
214:
175:
56:
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716:
381:
230:
77:
communities, street fighting and self-defense are often considered synonymous.
36:
630:
1653:
1206:
1085:
985:
960:"Protective buttressing of the human fist and the evolution of hominin hands"
928:
845:
724:
662:
458:
387:
234:
1372:"MMA pioneer Shamrock on knocking guys out and proving age is just a number"
1103:
1044:
993:
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732:
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403:
365:
341:
321:
315:
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size, may offer a protective effect against combat. The jaw adductors (the
74:
67:
542:
White, Rob. et al (2007). 'Youth Gangs, Violence and Anti-Social
Behaviour
484:
375:
355:
853:
821:
654:
576:
1025:
976:
959:
837:
479:
183:
171:
1574:
1282:"Unsanctioned Mixed Martial Arts Events Creating a Stain on the Sport"
920:
397:
311:
1249:"Underground Fight Clubs and The New York State Athletic Commission"
1566:
1323:
1183:"Fighting for Local Control: Street Violence in the Basque Country"
128:
1118:"Fighting in a Public Place | Possible Defences, Likely Penalties"
558:. Australian Research Alliance for Children and Youth. pp. 18, 29.
131:
has increased over time , escalating the danger of street fights.
473:
90:
438:
205:
123:
476:, mass street fighting between gangs of students in Indonesia
288:
Medical check-ups for participants before and after the fight
122:
The scene can go beyond expectation with the introduction of
94:
86:
1587:
263:
188:
162:
1057:
791:"Is fighting in our genes? A biological theory of warfare"
958:
Morgan, Michael H.; Carrier, David R. (15 January 2013).
434:
349:
1006:
160:
It is theorized that certain biological features of the
85:
Evidence for human fighting goes back 430,000 years in
698:
628:
512:"Reality Fighting, Street Fighting & Self Defense"
441:. It is commonly depicted in fiction, most notably in
765:"Street fights: Stories of violence outside the ring"
1507:"How Lenny McLean became the hardest man in Britain"
544:. Australian Research and Alliance Club. pp. 18, 29.
272:
amateur underground fights or professional ones. In
204:
the face, other parts of the head and neck, and the
600:"Evidence of 430,000-year-old human violence found"
334:with a fearsome reputation for street fighting and
1630:. Southington, CT. 15 October 2019. Archived from
1180:
294:Medical insurance must be provided to participants
62:A typical situation involves two men arguing in a
1624:"Bar fight leads to three arrests in Southington"
1319:"Step into the ring at an underground fight club"
258:
1651:
506:
504:
502:
500:
556:Youth Gangs, Violence and Anti-Social Behaviour
903:Carrier, David R.; Morgan, Michael H. (2015).
225:fear, sadness, numbness, timidity, moodiness,
957:
902:
497:
198:
1396:
905:"Protective buttressing of the hominin face"
429:, is a type of street fight that happens in
1532:"Man guilty of clerk's murder in pub brawl"
1077:10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_165_18
872:"Drinking Alcohol and The Risk of Violence"
344:: He engaged in paid street fights while a
1478:
1452:"David Abbott ("Tank") | MMA Fighter Page"
305:
1093:
1075:
1034:
1024:
975:
788:
191:, something that was not possible in pre-
1181:de la Calle Robles, Luis (1 June 2007).
262:
109:
31:
1316:
1279:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
819:
569:"Street fight – practical self defence"
297:The venue must meet safety requirements
237:, mortality rate, and communal trauma.
1652:
1481:"5 MMA stars who were street fighters"
1421:
1419:
1397:Santoliquito, Joseph (30 April 2016).
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
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1234:
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1222:
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1216:
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762:
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1504:
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1399:"Stories From The Road: Josh Barnett"
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1416:
1338:
1299:
1280:McElroy, Jordy (25 February 2014).
1213:
701:"The Effects Of Violence On Health"
282:New York State Athletics Commission
13:
1469:
1266:
1171:
1135:
889:
860:
808:
763:Hauser, Thomas (17 January 2019).
14:
1691:
1479:Cunningham, John (21 June 2021).
1345:Lopez, Delano (27 October 2016).
747:
685:
617:
105:
41:Man Interfering in a Street Fight
1555:The Journal of American Folklore
1427:"Kimbo Slice | MMA Fighter Page"
1317:Delgado, David (15 March 2018).
1247:Hauser, Thomas (12 April 2020).
1199:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00458.x
16:Unsanctioned hand-to-hand combat
1616:
1581:
1546:
1524:
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1444:
1390:
1364:
1187:International Studies Quarterly
1110:
1051:
1000:
964:Journal of Experimental Biology
951:
870:Monico, Nicolle (4 June 2020).
469:Jailhouse rock (fighting style)
255:fights cost 2.5 million euros.
114:Street fight in Jimma, Ethiopia
25:Street Fighter (disambiguation)
789:Humphreys, Joe (29 May 2018).
782:
598:Gill, Victoria (28 May 2015).
591:
561:
548:
536:
259:Underground street fight clubs
211:post-traumatic stress disorder
1:
1505:Kelly, Guy (7 October 2016).
490:
410:
155:
1602:10.1080/01639625.2014.951575
1064:Indian Journal of Psychiatry
1013:Journal of Clinical Medicine
7:
452:
249:
10:
1696:
717:10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00480
575:(in Czech). Archived from
414:
199:Physical and mental health
150:
80:
18:
134:
1665:Martial arts terminology
464:Gouging (fighting style)
392:UFC Lightweight Champion
370:UFC Heavyweight Champion
240:
1158:www.legalaid.nsw.gov.au
425:, sometimes known as a
306:Notable street fighters
145:interpersonal conflicts
1628:Meriden Record-Journal
268:
115:
44:
820:Weenink, Don (2015).
332:Professional wrestler
267:Fight between two men
266:
113:
35:
769:www.sportingnews.com
19:For other uses, see
1485:www.sportskeeda.com
655:10.1038/nature16477
647:2016Natur.529..394L
554:White, Rob (2007).
524:on 12 November 2013
231:difficulty sleeping
52:hand-to-hand combat
1534:. 18 November 2019
1378:. 30 November 2019
1026:10.3390/jcm6070072
977:10.1242/jeb.075713
909:Biological Reviews
838:10.1111/socf.12146
826:Sociological Forum
579:on 22 January 2013
350:mixed martial arts
269:
116:
102:groups of people.
45:
1122:Caldicott Lawyers
921:10.1111/brv.12112
711:(10): 1622–1629.
641:(7586): 394–398.
447:crime video games
284:(NYSAC) include:
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1590:Deviant Behavior
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1154:"Group assaults"
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520:. Archived from
517:Kung Fu Magazine
508:
417:Drinking culture
336:resisting arrest
227:eating disorders
99:hunter-gatherers
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1351:origins.osu.edu
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1327:
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1286:Bleacher Report
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1253:BoxingScene.com
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795:The Irish Times
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419:
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215:substance abuse
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168:adductor muscle
158:
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108:
83:
48:Street fighting
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1677:
1675:Street culture
1672:
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1646:
1645:
1634:on 16 May 2020
1615:
1596:(8): 605–624.
1580:
1567:10.2307/539544
1561:(351): 27–39.
1545:
1523:
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1337:
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1193:(2): 431–455.
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1070:(5): 496–502.
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999:
970:(2): 236–244.
950:
915:(1): 330–346.
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705:Health Affairs
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106:Characteristic
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1511:The Telegraph
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