1039:
406:
674:
1018:
657:
394:
53:
510:
993:
40:
694:
714:
434:
743:
835:
976:
1038:
494:
Platycodon grandiflorus is a perennial plant which is commonly grown in mountains and fields. It is 40 to 100 centimeters (16 to 39 in) high and has thick roots, and white juice comes out when the stem is cut. Leaves are 5 to 12 centimeters (2.0 to 4.7 in) long, with narrow ends and teeth
517:
This plant is hardy down to −40 °C (−40 °F), and can be cultivated in USDA zones 3A to 9b. It dies down completely in winter, reappearing in late spring and flowering in summer. However, plants are widely available from nurseries in full flower from April onwards.
382:
with dark green leaves and blue flowers in late summer. A notable feature of the plant is the flower bud, which swells like a balloon before fully opening. The five petals are fused together into a bell shape at the base, like its relatives, the
852:
may exhibit neuroprotective, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-allergy, improved insulin resistance, and cholesterol-lowering properties. Evidence for these potential effects was mainly observed
1475:
Nyakudya E.; Jeong JH.; Lee NK.; Jeong YS. (2014) “Platycosides from the Roots of
Platycodon grandiflorum and Their Health Benefits.” Preventative Nutrition and Food Science 19 (2): 59–68.
498:
Flowers bloom purple or white in July and August, with one or several running upward at the end of the circle. The flower crown is divided into five branches in the shape of an open bell.
1258:
521:
Though the species has blue flowers, there are varieties with white, pink, and purple blooms. In Korea, white flowers are more common. This plant, together with its
405:
753:
1159:
146:
992:
1774:
2071:
1800:
673:
1017:
2153:
1836:
2256:
1993:
1722:
2371:
2269:
2045:
2006:
1787:
1735:
1237:
1228:
914:
In Korea, the roots are commonly used for treating bronchitis, asthma, tuberculosis, diabetes, and other inflammatory diseases.
2132:
2063:
1504:
1275:
2050:
1792:
1281:
814:
1332:
786:
693:
656:
1922:
1531:
1373:
481:
772:
463:
2076:
1805:
793:
2282:
2032:
1761:
2356:
2346:
1556:
1398:
459:
2300:
2171:
393:
1233:
1854:
861:
and in rats. The lack of efficacy and limited safety data in humans, however, necessitate further research.
800:
1985:
1184:
206:
163:
940:
713:
2179:
1200:
1081:
526:
455:
202:
1714:
2361:
2295:
2166:
2011:
1849:
1219:
782:
630:
52:
2274:
1348:
2366:
2351:
2086:
2058:
1815:
1740:
1594:
1561:
1196:
761:
1423:
1267:
444:
1841:
2341:
2336:
2158:
1980:
1709:
1551:
757:
448:
1057:
1613:
415:
1779:
1494:
650:
In addition, other ingredients include calcium, fiber, iron, minerals, proteins and vitamins.
2207:
530:
185:
2112:
1828:
1954:
1683:
1651:
1448:
1296:
975:
8:
1599:
1166:
folk song), as the rhythm and the melody have changed to acquire those characteristics.
807:
2215:
2145:
1875:
1538:
well-known Korean folk melody, "Toraji T'aryŏng" (known simply as "Toraji" in
Japanese)
948:
588:. Preparation of the root always involves soaking and washing (usually rubbing it with
501:
It lives throughout Japan, China, and eastern
Siberia, including the Korean Peninsula.
214:
47:
2122:
2107:
1941:
1823:
1670:
1527:
1521:
1500:
1476:
1328:
1271:
1163:
1155:
1140:
883:
876:
644:
768:
2220:
1946:
1880:
1675:
1126:
352:
316:
1585:
375:
Growing to 60 cm (24 in) tall by 30 cm (12 in) wide, it is an
2247:
2184:
2094:
1636:
1106:
1095:
589:
312:
90:
2140:
623:
552:
77:
2330:
1907:
1151:
1069:
608:
319:
289:
136:
509:
1867:
1480:
964:
891:
640:
332:
39:
2313:
2197:
2099:
1933:
1662:
2019:
1916:
1748:
1645:
1118:
1114:
1008:
903:
899:
887:
1029:
2261:
1998:
1727:
771:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
722:
617:
583:
376:
308:
2024:
1753:
1967:
1696:
1065:
1004:
384:
379:
336:
126:
1607:
592:
and rinsing it multiple times), which gets rid of the bitter taste.
433:
2308:
2241:
2192:
1901:
1862:
1630:
858:
854:
845:
702:
599:
576:
522:
116:
103:
20:
2287:
2037:
1972:
1701:
1526:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. pp. 163–164.
1523:
Primitive Selves: Koreana in the
Japanese Colonial Gaze, 1910‒1945
1062:, lit. "Clearest/Brightest Crest", or the "Seal of Abe-no-Seimei")
304:
1766:
1311:"Balloon Flower (Platycodon grandiflorus) › Balloon Flower"
857:, with the exception of cholesterol lowering effects documented
19:"Chinese bellflower" redirects here. The term may also refer to
1959:
682:
575:
vegetables. It is also one of the most frequent ingredients in
1688:
1130:
1122:
895:
579:. Sometimes, rice is cooked with balloon flower root to make
570:
348:
344:
340:
323:
298:
292:
64:
636:
1327:. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136.
1310:
1158:. However, the currently sung version is classified as a
567:). The root, fresh or dried, is one of the most common
1134:
1044:
1023:
998:
981:
962:
928:
1471:
1469:
1429:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 79
1100:
719:
699:
679:
662:
627:
614:
605:
596:
580:
568:
556:
622:(balloon flower root tea). The root can be used to
555:, the plant as well as its root are referred to as
1183:Hong, Deyuan; Klein, Laura L.; Lammers, Thomas G.
1466:
844:The extracts and purified platycoside compounds (
613:(balloon flower root honey), can be used to make
2328:
1113:) is one of the most popular folk songs in both
595:The root is also used to make desserts, such as
525:'Apoyama group' and 'Mariesii', have gained the
1492:
954:
939:) in Japanese. Traditionally, it is one of the
359:(referring to the balloon-shaped flower buds),
1055:
946:
934:
767:Please review the contents of the section and
870:
1182:
562:
462:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
38:
482:Learn how and when to remove this message
1486:
1195:. Vol. 19 – via eFloras.org,
1080:-itself, given its association with the
508:
1238:United States Department of Agriculture
1229:Germplasm Resources Information Network
2329:
1519:
1260:English Names for Korean Native Plants
1612:
1611:
1325:RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants
2087:62172c2c-3af6-4b51-b3e8-53a7d52b6b71
1816:87e55332-8e4e-4b3e-9068-74c98fa83633
1499:. Tuttle Publishing. pp. 215–.
1496:Ningyo: The Art of the Japanese Doll
1493:Alan Scott Pate (12 February 2013).
1317:
1214:
1212:
1210:
943:. In addition, the "Bellflower Seal"
736:
460:adding citations to reliable sources
427:
1449:"[제철 힐링푸드] 기관지·폐에 특효 '도라지'"
604:. Syrup made from the root, called
13:
1150:It is a folk song originated from
1129:. It is also a well known song in
14:
2383:
1579:
1207:
2301:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:140384-1
2172:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:144523-1
1076:(Bureau of Taoist Geomancy) and
1037:
1016:
991:
974:
833:
741:
712:
692:
672:
655:
432:
404:
392:
51:
1549:
1543:
1513:
1441:
1028:is another variant used by the
869:The Chinese bellflower (called
2372:Monotypic Campanulaceae genera
1855:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:5791-1
1557:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
1416:
1391:
1366:
1341:
1303:
1251:
1176:
769:add the appropriate references
687:(seasoned balloon flower root)
504:
370:
1:
1234:Agricultural Research Service
1169:
882:In China, they are used as a
322:, and the only member of the
877:traditional Chinese medicine
875:in Chinese) is also used in
732:
707:(balloon flower root sweets)
635:, typically using distilled
399:Swelling balloon-shaped buds
7:
1554:[Doraji taryeong].
1201:Harvard University Herbaria
1135:
1101:
1045:
1024:
999:
982:
963:
955:
929:
917:
754:reliable medical references
720:
700:
680:
663:
647:higher than 30% as a base.
628:
615:
606:
597:
581:
569:
557:
541:
527:Royal Horticultural Society
355:). It is commonly known as
10:
2388:
1520:Atkins, E. Taylor (2010).
1093:
1089:
909:
423:
299:
293:
18:
2231:
1891:
1620:
1595:"Platycodon grandiflorus"
1562:Academy of Korean Studies
1424:"AGM Plants – Ornamental"
1197:Missouri Botanical Garden
1144:
1110:
1056:
1003:is a variant used by the
947:
935:
927:The bellflower is called
871:
760:or relies too heavily on
727:(balloon flower root tea)
563:
220:
213:
191:
184:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
30:
1268:Korea National Arboretum
922:
906:, and chest congestion.
864:
546:
2123:Platycodon_grandiflorum
1923:Platycodon grandiflorus
1893:Platycodon grandiflorus
1587:Platycodon grandiflorus
1455:(in Korean). 2015-12-09
1401:Platycodon grandiflorus
1376:Platycodon grandiflorus
1351:Platycodon grandiflorus
1222:Platycodon grandiflorus
1187:Platycodon grandiflorus
850:Platycodon grandiflorum
536:
412:Platycodon grandiflorus
285:Platycodon grandiflorus
195:Platycodon grandiflorus
1399:"RHS Plant Selector –
1374:"RHS Plant Selector –
1349:"RHS Plant Selector -
1199:, St. Louis, MO &
514:
416:Abraham Jacobus Wendel
223:Campanula gentianoides
2357:Garden plants of Asia
2347:Flora of Eastern Asia
2233:Campanula grandiflora
1270:. 2015. p. 578.
1082:Five Chinese Elements
1072:as the symbol of the
667:(balloon flower root)
531:Award of Garden Merit
512:
244:Platycodon autumnalis
237:Campanula grandiflora
1297:Korea Forest Service
986:is a plain Kikyōmon.
941:Seven Autumn Flowers
848:) from the roots of
639:or other unflavored
456:improve this section
251:Platycodon chinensis
177:P. grandiflorus
1600:Plants for a Future
272:Platycodon sinensis
265:Platycodon mariesii
254:Lindl. & Paxton
969:) of some clans.
515:
513:Pink flowered form
361:Chinese bellflower
258:Platycodon glaucus
2362:Korean vegetables
2324:
2323:
2108:Open Tree of Life
1824:Open Tree of Life
1614:Taxon identifiers
1506:978-1-4629-0720-5
1277:978-89-97450-98-5
1164:Gyeonggi Province
1156:Hwanghae Province
884:cough suppressant
842:
841:
818:
492:
491:
484:
281:
280:
276:
269:
262:
255:
248:
241:
234:
227:
166:
2379:
2367:Medicinal plants
2352:Flora of Siberia
2317:
2316:
2304:
2303:
2291:
2290:
2278:
2277:
2265:
2264:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2224:
2223:
2211:
2210:
2201:
2200:
2188:
2187:
2175:
2174:
2162:
2161:
2149:
2148:
2136:
2135:
2126:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2103:
2102:
2090:
2089:
2080:
2079:
2067:
2066:
2054:
2053:
2041:
2040:
2028:
2027:
2015:
2014:
2002:
2001:
1989:
1988:
1976:
1975:
1963:
1962:
1950:
1949:
1937:
1936:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1884:
1883:
1871:
1870:
1858:
1857:
1845:
1844:
1832:
1831:
1819:
1818:
1809:
1808:
1796:
1795:
1783:
1782:
1770:
1769:
1757:
1756:
1744:
1743:
1731:
1730:
1718:
1717:
1705:
1704:
1692:
1691:
1679:
1678:
1666:
1665:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1490:
1484:
1473:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1428:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1378:'Apoyama group'"
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1294:
1292:
1286:
1280:. Archived from
1265:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1216:
1205:
1204:
1203:, Cambridge, MA.
1180:
1146:
1138:
1112:
1104:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1048:
1041:
1027:
1020:
1002:
995:
985:
978:
968:
960:
958:
952:
951:
938:
937:
932:
874:
873:
837:
836:
828:
825:
819:
817:
776:
745:
744:
737:
726:
716:
706:
696:
686:
676:
666:
659:
634:
621:
612:
603:
587:
574:
566:
565:
560:
487:
480:
476:
473:
467:
436:
428:
408:
396:
353:Russian Far East
302:
301:
296:
295:
274:
267:
260:
253:
246:
239:
232:
230:Campanula glauca
225:
197:
162:
56:
55:
42:
28:
27:
16:Species of plant
2387:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2312:
2307:
2299:
2294:
2286:
2281:
2273:
2268:
2260:
2255:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2227:
2219:
2214:
2206:
2204:
2196:
2191:
2183:
2178:
2170:
2165:
2157:
2152:
2144:
2139:
2131:
2129:
2121:
2119:
2111:
2106:
2098:
2095:Observation.org
2093:
2085:
2083:
2075:
2070:
2062:
2057:
2049:
2044:
2036:
2031:
2023:
2018:
2010:
2005:
1997:
1992:
1984:
1979:
1971:
1966:
1958:
1953:
1945:
1940:
1932:
1930:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1887:
1879:
1874:
1866:
1861:
1853:
1848:
1840:
1835:
1827:
1822:
1814:
1812:
1804:
1799:
1791:
1786:
1778:
1773:
1765:
1760:
1752:
1747:
1739:
1734:
1726:
1721:
1713:
1708:
1700:
1695:
1687:
1682:
1674:
1669:
1661:
1659:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1616:
1593:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1491:
1487:
1474:
1467:
1458:
1456:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1407:
1405:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1382:
1380:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1355:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1242:
1240:
1218:
1217:
1208:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1102:Doraji taryeong
1098:
1096:Doraji taryeong
1092:
1085:
1053:
1042:
1033:
1021:
1012:
1011:, among others.
996:
987:
979:
944:
925:
920:
912:
867:
838:
834:
829:
823:
820:
777:
766:
762:primary sources
746:
742:
735:
728:
717:
708:
697:
688:
677:
668:
660:
590:coarse sea salt
549:
544:
539:
507:
488:
477:
471:
468:
453:
437:
426:
419:
409:
400:
397:
373:
313:perennial plant
270:
263:
256:
249:
242:
235:
228:
209:
199:
193:
180:
161:
50:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2385:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2342:Flora of China
2339:
2337:Campanuloideae
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2305:
2292:
2279:
2266:
2253:
2237:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2221:wfo-0000816758
2212:
2202:
2189:
2176:
2163:
2150:
2137:
2127:
2117:
2104:
2091:
2081:
2068:
2055:
2042:
2029:
2016:
2003:
1990:
1977:
1964:
1951:
1938:
1928:
1913:
1897:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1881:wfo-4000030095
1872:
1859:
1846:
1833:
1820:
1810:
1797:
1784:
1771:
1758:
1745:
1732:
1719:
1706:
1693:
1680:
1667:
1657:
1642:
1626:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1606:
1605:
1591:
1581:
1580:External links
1578:
1575:
1574:
1550:Han, Manyǒng.
1542:
1532:
1512:
1505:
1485:
1465:
1440:
1415:
1390:
1365:
1340:
1334:978-1405332965
1333:
1316:
1302:
1287:on 25 May 2017
1276:
1250:
1206:
1193:Flora of China
1174:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1160:Gyeonggi minyo
1133:, by the name
1127:ethnic Koreans
1094:Main article:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1043:
1036:
1034:
1022:
1015:
1013:
997:
990:
988:
980:
973:
961:is the crest (
924:
921:
919:
916:
911:
908:
866:
863:
840:
839:
832:
830:
749:
747:
740:
734:
731:
730:
729:
718:
711:
709:
698:
691:
689:
678:
671:
669:
661:
654:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
506:
503:
495:on the edges.
490:
489:
440:
438:
431:
425:
422:
421:
420:
410:
403:
401:
398:
391:
372:
369:
357:balloon flower
279:
278:
268:(Lynch) Wittm.
261:(Thunb.) Nakai
218:
217:
211:
210:
200:
189:
188:
182:
181:
174:
172:
168:
167:
154:
150:
149:
147:Campanuloideae
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
107:
106:
101:
94:
93:
88:
81:
80:
75:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2384:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1653:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1590:
1589:at Robsplants
1588:
1584:
1583:
1563:
1560:(in Korean).
1559:
1558:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1535:
1533:9780520266742
1529:
1525:
1524:
1516:
1508:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1489:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1425:
1419:
1404:
1402:
1394:
1379:
1377:
1369:
1354:
1352:
1344:
1336:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1312:
1306:
1298:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1261:
1254:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1179:
1175:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1070:Abe no Seimei
1067:
1059:
1052:
1047:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1001:
994:
989:
984:
977:
972:
971:
970:
967:
966:
957:
950:
942:
931:
915:
907:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
880:
878:
862:
860:
856:
851:
847:
831:
827:
816:
813:
809:
806:
802:
799:
795:
792:
788:
785: –
784:
780:
779:Find sources:
774:
770:
764:
763:
759:
755:
750:This section
748:
739:
738:
725:
724:
715:
710:
705:
704:
695:
690:
685:
684:
675:
670:
665:
658:
653:
652:
651:
648:
646:
642:
638:
633:
632:
625:
624:infuse liquor
620:
619:
611:
610:
602:
601:
593:
591:
586:
585:
578:
573:
572:
559:
554:
534:
532:
528:
524:
519:
511:
502:
499:
496:
486:
483:
475:
472:February 2021
465:
461:
457:
451:
450:
446:
441:This section
439:
435:
430:
429:
417:
413:
407:
402:
395:
390:
389:
388:
386:
381:
378:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
329:
325:
321:
320:Campanulaceae
318:
314:
310:
306:
303:"bell") is a
291:
290:Ancient Greek
287:
286:
277:
273:
266:
259:
252:
245:
238:
231:
224:
219:
216:
212:
208:
204:
198:
196:
190:
187:
186:Binomial name
183:
179:
178:
173:
170:
169:
165:
160:
159:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
137:Campanulaceae
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
78:Tracheophytes
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
41:
36:
33:
29:
26:
22:
2232:
1892:
1621:
1598:
1586:
1565:. Retrieved
1555:
1545:
1537:
1522:
1515:
1495:
1488:
1457:. Retrieved
1452:
1443:
1431:. Retrieved
1418:
1406:. Retrieved
1400:
1393:
1381:. Retrieved
1375:
1368:
1356:. Retrieved
1350:
1343:
1324:
1319:
1305:
1295:– via
1289:. Retrieved
1282:the original
1259:
1253:
1241:. Retrieved
1227:
1221:
1192:
1186:
1178:
1149:
1099:
1077:
1073:
1051:Seimei Kikyō
1050:
1046:Seimei Kikyō
926:
913:
892:common colds
881:
868:
849:
843:
821:
811:
804:
797:
790:
783:"Platycodon"
778:
758:verification
751:
649:
643:that has an
641:hard alcohol
594:
550:
520:
516:
500:
497:
493:
478:
469:
454:Please help
442:
411:
374:
364:
360:
356:
327:
326:
284:
283:
282:
271:
264:
257:
250:
243:
236:
229:
222:
221:
194:
192:
176:
175:
157:
156:
110:
97:
84:
71:
31:
25:
2020:iNaturalist
1917:Wikispecies
1749:iNaturalist
1646:Wikispecies
1403:'Mariesii'"
1266:. Pocheon:
1119:South Korea
1009:Akechi clan
904:tonsillitis
900:sore throat
888:expectorant
752:needs more
505:Cultivation
371:Description
297:"wide" and
143:Subfamily:
91:Angiosperms
2331:Categories
2146:kew-354641
2141:Plant List
1652:Platycodon
1622:Platycodon
1459:2019-04-19
1408:6 February
1383:6 February
1358:6 February
1170:References
1125:among the
1000:Toki Kikyō
794:newspapers
385:campanulas
377:herbaceous
365:platycodon
351:, and the
328:Platycodon
311:flowering
309:herbaceous
158:Platycodon
32:Platycodon
2248:Q38609384
1986:200022990
1637:Q16054387
1567:7 January
1291:6 January
1121:, and in
1066:pentagram
1025:Ōta Kikyō
1005:Toki clan
824:July 2015
733:Medicinal
523:cultivars
443:does not
380:perennial
337:East Asia
171:Species:
127:Asterales
61:Kingdom:
2309:Tropicos
2288:140384-1
2242:Wikidata
2193:Tropicos
2120:PalDat:
2038:144523-1
1931:BioLib:
1902:Wikidata
1868:40010538
1863:Tropicos
1660:BioLib:
1631:Wikidata
1481:25054103
1141:Japanese
1074:Onmyōryō
1068:used by
1030:Ōta clan
956:kikyōmon
918:Cultural
859:in vitro
855:in vitro
846:saponins
703:jeonggwa
600:jeonggwa
577:bibimbap
542:Culinary
331:. It is
215:Synonyms
133:Family:
117:Asterids
104:Eudicots
21:Abutilon
2314:5500416
2262:8064095
2208:5849736
2198:5502935
2059:MoBotPF
1999:3164340
1908:Q805322
1780:1333040
1728:3164339
1552:"도라지타령"
1243:13 July
1078:Onmyōdō
808:scholar
773:removed
721:Doraji-
701:Doraji-
681:Doraji-
629:doraji-
626:called
616:doraji-
607:doraji-
598:doraji-
582:doraji-
464:removed
449:sources
424:Ecology
315:of the
305:species
153:Genus:
123:Order:
65:Plantae
2205:uBio:
2154:PLANTS
2113:141088
2100:127149
2084:NZOR:
2064:278881
2051:845355
2025:141623
1960:579823
1934:125226
1842:PLATY4
1837:PLANTS
1829:141099
1813:NZOR:
1767:5791-1
1754:141624
1715:125778
1663:110488
1530:
1503:
1479:
1331:
1274:
1152:Eunyul
1136:Toraji
1107:Korean
1007:, the
810:
803:
796:
789:
781:
683:muchim
664:Doraji
609:cheong
558:doraji
418:, 1868
333:native
317:family
294:πλατύς
288:(from
247:Decne.
233:Thunb.
2185:13246
2159:PLGR7
2133:10269
2130:PFI:
2077:94286
2012:28819
1973:PLXGR
1947:4JPWP
1806:94285
1793:34603
1775:IRMNG
1702:1PLXG
1689:70892
1676:8W2HJ
1433:2 May
1427:(PDF)
1285:(PDF)
1264:(PDF)
1131:Japan
1123:China
1115:North
1111:도라지타령
1090:Korea
1064:is a
983:Kikyō
965:kamon
930:kikyō
923:Japan
910:Korea
896:cough
865:China
815:JSTOR
801:books
571:namul
553:Korea
547:Korea
363:, or
349:Japan
345:Korea
341:China
324:genus
300:κώδων
240:Jacq.
207:A.DC.
203:Jacq.
164:A.DC.
111:Clade
98:Clade
85:Clade
72:Clade
2296:POWO
2283:IPNI
2275:8763
2270:GRIN
2257:GBIF
2167:POWO
2072:NCBI
2046:ITIS
2033:IPNI
2007:GRIN
1994:GBIF
1968:EPPO
1850:POWO
1801:NCBI
1788:ITIS
1762:IPNI
1741:9510
1736:GRIN
1723:GBIF
1697:EPPO
1569:2017
1528:ISBN
1501:ISBN
1477:PMID
1453:천지일보
1435:2018
1410:2021
1385:2021
1360:2021
1329:ISBN
1293:2017
1272:ISBN
1245:2018
1117:and
890:for
886:and
787:news
756:for
637:soju
537:Uses
447:any
445:cite
275:Lem.
226:Lam.
2216:WFO
2180:RHS
1981:FoC
1955:EoL
1942:CoL
1876:WFO
1710:FoC
1684:EoL
1671:CoL
1154:in
1147:).
1145:トラジ
1058:晴明紋
949:桔梗紋
723:cha
645:ABV
631:sul
618:cha
584:bap
564:도라지
551:In
529:'s
458:by
414:by
387:.
335:to
307:of
2333::
2311::
2298::
2285::
2272::
2259::
2244::
2218::
2195::
2182::
2169::
2156::
2143::
2110::
2097::
2074::
2061::
2048::
2035::
2022::
2009::
1996::
1983::
1970::
1957::
1944::
1919::
1904::
1878::
1865::
1852::
1839::
1826::
1803::
1790::
1777::
1764::
1751::
1738::
1725::
1712::
1699::
1686::
1673::
1648::
1633::
1597:.
1536:.
1468:^
1451:.
1236:,
1232:.
1226:.
1209:^
1191:.
1143::
1109::
1049:/
953:,
936:桔梗
902:,
898:,
894:,
879:.
872:桔梗
775:.
533:.
367:.
347:,
343:,
205:)
113::
100::
87::
74::
1603:.
1571:.
1509:.
1483:.
1462:.
1437:.
1412:.
1387:.
1362:.
1353:"
1337:.
1313:.
1299:.
1247:.
1224:"
1220:"
1189:"
1185:"
1162:(
1139:(
1105:(
1084:.
1054:(
1032:.
959:)
945:(
933:(
826:)
822:(
812:·
805:·
798:·
791:·
765:.
561:(
485:)
479:(
474:)
470:(
466:.
452:.
339:(
201:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
