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539:, created the three bronze doors of the facade. In the early 18th century began the redecoration of the inside walls of the cathedral with large paintings, the "quadroni", depicting stories of the blesseds and saints of Pisa. These works were made by the principal artists of the era, and a group of citizens arranged for the special financing of the project. Successive interventions occurred in the 19th century and included both internal and external modifications; among the latter was the removal of the original facade statues (presently in the cathedral museum) and their replacement with copies.
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1197:. To mark the beginning of the Pisan new year a system was devised in the cathedral whereby a beam of light shines through a round window on the south side of the nave and, precisely at noon on March 25, lands on the same spot every year: on top of a shelf affixed to a pylon on the opposite side of the church. This shelf rests on a marble egg, a symbol of birth and new life. In 1750 the first day of the new year was officially changed to January 1, but this event is still celebrated every year accompanied by solemn religious and civic celebrations.
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skillful narrative art of the nine scenes the pulpit is generally considered to be a masterpiece, but more broadly it is considered a masterpiece of
Italian gothic sculpture. This pulpit substituted the previous one made by Guglielmo (1157–1162) that was sent to the Cagliari Cathedral. Given the lack of documentation prior to its dismantling, the pulpit was placed in a location different from its original spot, and without doubt, its parts are not in their original positions either. It is unknown if the original work possessed a marble staircase.
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840:(1302–1310), survived the fire but was dismantled during the work of restoration and was not reassembled until 1926. With its intricate architecture and its complex sculptural decoration the work presents one of the most sweeping narratives of the 13th-century imagination which reflects the religious renewal and fervor of the era. On the slightly curved panels are sculpted with an expressive language the episodes of the life of Christ. The structure is polygonal (as in similar pulpits in the
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the presence of caryatids, sculpted figures in place of simple columns, that symbolize the
Virtues; the use of scrolled 'shelving' in place of arches to support the raised platform; the sense of movement given by the numerous figures that fill up every empty space. For these qualities united to the
1215:
On the north side, to the left side of the facade in front of the
Camposanto at about eye level, is an original piece of Roman marble (as testified to by its decoration that can still in part be seen), on which are a series of small black marks. Legend says that these marks were left by the devil
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at the east end of the roof, probably as continuation of the original construction that started in 1064. In the early 19th century the original sculpture, which can now be seen in the cathedral museum, was removed from the roof and replaced with a copy. The high arches show
Islamic and southern
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is famous for the face of Saint John, painted by
Cimabue in 1302, which miraculously survived the fire of 1595. This is the last work painted by Cimabue and the only work of his for which we have certified documentation. The work evokes the mosaics of the Byzantine and Norman churches found in
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Other notable interventions include: the dismantling of
Giovanni Pisano's pulpit between 1599 and 1601 that only in 1926 was reassembled and returned to the cathedral (with some original pieces missing, including the staircase); and the dismantling of the monument to Henry VII made by
512:. The exact date of the work is unclear: according to some, the work was done right after the death of Buscheto about the year 1100, though others say it was done closer to 1140. In any case, work was finished in 1180, as documented by the date written on the bronze knockers made by
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The cathedral, like the leaning bell tower, is sinking perceptibly into the ground, and a few indications of this instability are visible. For example, the difference in the floor levels of the original nave of
Buscheto and the bays which were added later by Rainaldo.
530:
The structure's present appearance is the result of numerous restoration campaigns that were carried out in different eras. The first radical interventions occurred after the fire of 1595, following which the roof was replaced and sculptors from the workshop of
639:. The facade of grey and white marble, decorated with colored marble inserts, was built by Master Rainaldo. Above the three doorways are four levels of loggia divided by cornices with marble intarsia, behind which open single, double, and triple windows.
1037:) and other well known persons, such as the architect Buscheto himself, who is buried under the outer left arch of the west facade. Some fragments are still visible in the cathedral museum, while the sarcophagi were all moved inside the fence of the
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1029:. These marble panels, decorated with carved animal figures and faces, were used to create a low wall which was placed close to the outer perimeter of the cathedral and which created an enclosure that provided space for the numerous
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684:, found in the south transept of the same name, which faces the bell tower. For townsfolk approaching by via Santa Maria it was the shortest way to enter the cathedral. The door wings were cast about 1180 by
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Numerous and prestigious are the sacred furnishings of the church, including the bronze crucifix found on the main altar, and the angel candleholders placed at the ends of the rich marble transenna, made by
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Among the medieval works that avoided destruction during the fire of 1595 are the fresco of the
Madonna with Child in the triumphal arch by the Pisan artist Maestro di San Torpè, as well as the
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ceiling, painted and decorated with gold leaf, made by
Domenico and Bartolomeo Atticciati; it bears the Medici coat of arms. Presumably the earlier ceiling was a structure with wooden trusses.
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The cathedral was heavily damaged by a fire in 1595. The heavy bronze doors of the façade were newly designed, executed and completed in 1602 by sculptors from the circle of
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show stories of the New
Testament. This bronze portal is one of the first produced in Italy during the Middle Ages, and is a forerunner of the bronze doors created by
809:. It was made using inlaid marble to create geometric patterns (mid-12th century). Other fresco fragments from the late medieval period have survived, among which is
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669:. At the top there is a Madonna and Child and, in the angles, the four evangelists. The tomb of Buscheto is found to the left of the north door of the facade.
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while watching its oscillations from the roof of the nave. The original, however, smaller and very different than this one, is found today in the Camposanto.
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adherence. Moved several times for political reasons, it eventually was separated into many parts (some inside the church, some on the facade, others in the
947:(1678–86) on the altar of the Blessed Sacrament chapel. On the numerous side altars are located 16th and 17th century paintings. Among these works are the
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At the end of the 10th century Pisa established March 25 as the beginning of its new year. This date was considered very important because it is both the
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The church was erected outside Pisa's early medieval walls, to show that Pisa had no fear of being attacked. The chosen area had already been used in the
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flanked by two side aisles on each side, with the apse and transepts having three naves. The inside offers a spatial effect similar to that of the great
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618:, now a copy. The arrival of the griffin in Pisa has been attributed to numerous Pisan military victories of the 11th and 12th centuries, including
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798:. The mosaic, in large part made by Francesco da Pisa, was brought to completion by Vincino da Pistoia with the Madonna on the left side (1320).
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The rich exterior decoration contains multicolored marble, mosaic, and numerous bronze objects from the spoils of war, among which is the
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in the nave, with their solid, monolithic columns of granite, is a clear sign of Byzantine influence. Buscheto welcomed Islamic and
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The inside of the dome, found where the central nave and the transepts cross, is decorated using a rare painting technique called
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1244:
2014:
1952:
817:, a Crucifixion, and Saints Cosmas and Damian on one of the pylons near the entrance, partially hidden by the entry way.
856:; but this is the first example in a work of this type in which the panels are slightly curved. Other features include:
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and at the beginning of the 11th century a church had been erected here, but never finished, that was to be named
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Construction on the cathedral began in 1063 (1064 according to the Pisan calendar of the time) by the architect
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1942:
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1025:, constructed by Giovanni Pisano and dating from the late 13th century, were replaced in 1865 by the present
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Contrary to what might be thought, from the beginning the faithful entered the cathedral through the Gate of
508:, and planned a new facade which was completed by workers under the direction of the sculptors Guglielmo and
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from the Roman period. During the Middle Ages, these panels were reused for burials of nobles (among them
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when he climbed up to the dome attempting to stop its construction, and so they are referred to as the
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thanks to the use of raised lancet arches, the alternating layers of black and white marble, and the
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in three naves, is covered with white and black marble, with monolithic grey marble columns having
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1220:. (The legend also says that out of spite the number of scratches always changes when counted.)
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made between 1831 and 1835, as well as an organ made in 1977 by the company Mascioni of Cuvio.
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1193:(occurring nine months before Christ's birth on December 25) and it falls very close to the
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He ordered it to be rebuilt in a more magnificent manner at his own expense in the year 1602
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were built in the 12th century and the roof was replaced after damage from a fire in 1595.
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between 1313 and 1315, was also dismantled then reconstructed and today sits in the right
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391:. Construction began in 1063 and was completed in 1092. Additional enlargements and a new
8:
1926:
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with a grand cupola at the crossing, but today the plan is a Latin cross with a central
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In the early 12th century the cathedral was enlarged under the direction of architect
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The granite Corinthian columns between the nave and the apse come from the mosque of
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Italian influence. The blind arches with lozenge shapes recall similar structures in
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placed on a small column on the right side of the apse was used by Christ at the
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1524:"Cronica de Mailros", quoted by Watterich II, p. 693. Gregorovius IV 2, p. 616.
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lamp, because a legend says that the great scientist formulated his theory of
771:(1627–1631). Restoration of the dome began in 2015 and was concluded in 2018.
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One of the original marble panels of the gràdule, now in the cathedral museum
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Detail of the west facade with inscription on the right above the main portal
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to see which could create the most beautiful and luxurious place of worship.
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The 27 paintings that cover the galleries behind the main altar, depicting
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Aerial view with the complex of the Piazza dei Miracoli from the south
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626:. The griffin was placed on a platform atop a column rising from the
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The coffered ceiling, 16th century fresco, angel candle holder, and
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and depicts the Virgin in glory with saints by the Pisan artists
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took place in Pisa Cathedral, with Paulino Scolari being elected
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In 1092 the cathedral was declared primatial church, archbishop
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688:, and it is the only door not destroyed in 1595. The 24 bronze
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Upper right wing of the central door with Latin inscription:
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consistent with the original style of Buscheto, enlarged the
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The three artists listed above are buried in the cathedral.
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in 1063. It includes various stylistic elements: classical,
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Stained glass windows of the cathedral of Pisa (In Italian)
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Cattedrale Metropolitana Primaziale di Santa Maria Assunta
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Primatial Metropolitan Cathedral of the Assumption of Mary
28:
Primatial Metropolitan Cathedral of the Assumption of Mary
994:. Particularly well-loved is the 13th century image of a
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Places of Faith in Tuscany (in both Italian and English)
1477:
The Papal Monarchy: The Western Church from 1050 to 1250
884:, while its original position was in the center of the
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flanked by two side aisles on either side and with the
500:, who increased the length of the nave by adding three
1302:
The amphora said to be from the wedding feast of Cana.
943:, as well as the large ciborium in silver designed by
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and later substituted by a simpler, symbolic version.
2000:
11th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy
1658:
History of medieval Arabic and Western European domes
1560:"La cattedrale si fa bella per la festa dei 950 anni"
736:
The interior, subdivided at the front into a central
872:, patron saint of Pisa, and the fragmentary tomb of
590:, inspired by the Moors. The presence of two raised
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family which was powerful both in Pisa and in Rome.
462:. Buscheto's grand new church was initially called
783:Christ enthroned between the Virgin and Saint John
667:Ferdinando I de' Medici, the Grand Duke of Tuscany
1453:. London: Laurence King Publishing. p. 148.
1399:Tomb altar of Saint Rainier, patron saint of Pisa
1250:The ray of light on the Feast of the Annunciation
1991:
1958:Natural History Museum of the University of Pisa
1536:, Touring Club Italiano, 1994, vol. 3, pag. 186.
272:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
1080:Rainaldo (elongation of nave, bays, and facade)
443:, evidence of a strong rivalry between the two
1581:"Bacteria Cleaned Paintings In Pisa Cathedral"
1349:in its original position on the cathedral roof
813:on one of the four central pylons, as well as
1695:
1547:Il Duomo di Pisa: il Battistero, il Campanile
1200:The lamp at the center of the nave is called
339:
1115:and his school (bronze doors of the facade)
1049:Inside the cathedral are found the Serassi
896:, and yet others in the cathedral museum).
485:. The cathedral was consecrated in 1118 by
1702:
1688:
43:
1127:e Giovanni Pisano (crown around the dome)
303:Learn how and when to remove this message
1480:. Oxford University Press. p. 147.
1060:
1057:Main artists who worked in the cathedral
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375:. The cathedral is a notable example of
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2045:Burial sites of the House of Luxembourg
1086:(original pulpit and marble decoration)
805:pavement, work rarely found outside of
547:that was found in front of the door of
1992:
1473:
1448:
1183:
1683:
1578:
1415:, a rare medieval depiction of a nude
868:The church also houses the relics of
319:Detail of the facade of the cathedral
933:Stories of Moses and the Evangelists
244:
16:Medieval Catholic cathedral in Italy
1709:
1133:(crucifix and angel candle bearers)
535:, among whom were Gasparo Mola and
379:, in particular the style known as
13:
2005:Roman Catholic cathedrals in Italy
836:The pulpit, a masterpiece made by
14:
2056:
1663:
1451:A History of Western Architecture
1290:The original lamp seen by Galileo
980:Disputation of the Holy Sacrament
921:Saints Peter and John the Baptist
574:The original building plan was a
1610:Associazione degli Amici di Pisa
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1404:
1392:
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781:The large mosaic in the apse of
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2010:Roman Catholic churches in Pisa
1307:
1231:when he turned water into wine.
1103:(funeral monument of Henry VII)
863:
854:pulpit of Sant' Andrea, Pistoia
752:. It has a wooden 17th-century
477:having been given the title of
387:in 1118, it is the seat of the
36:Il Duomo di Santa Maria Assunta
1943:Camposanto Monumentale di Pisa
1598:
1572:
1552:
1539:
1527:
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1515:, Edizioni Polistampa, Firenze
1507:Valli, Franca Manenti (2016).
1501:
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1442:
1384:. 19th century photography by
716:Interior with coffered ceiling
554:
466:until it was officially named
1:
1953:National Museum of San Matteo
960:Madonna Enthroned with Saints
917:Saints Catherine and Margaret
905:Stories of the Life of Christ
874:Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor
842:pulpit in the Pisa Baptistery
820:
353:Assumption of the Virgin Mary
1606:"25 marzo: Capodanno Pisano"
1579:Amsen, Eva (12 April 2019).
1333:Eastern end of the cathedral
901:Stories of the Old Testament
521:December 1187 papal election
439:began its reconstruction in
7:
2015:Church buildings with domes
1631:
1237:is buried in the cathedral.
707:
624:1113–15 Balearic Expedition
601:
164:26 September 1118
10:
2061:
1509:Pisa: lo spazio e il sacro
1427:Encaustic painting of the
1278:and the cupola of the dome
1262:Galileo observing the lamp
1149:Giovanni Battista Tempesti
1069:by Cimabue (mosaic detail)
962:in the right transept, by
958:Andrea del Sarto, and the
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1971:
1935:
1909:
1883:
1747:
1721:
1191:Feast of the Annunciation
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1021:The cathedral's original
1004:Berlinghiero Berlinghieri
972:Giovanni Antonio Sogliani
945:Giovanni Battista Foggini
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49:Pisa Cathedral, with the
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888:as a sign of the city's
732:Blessed sacrament chapel
620:the 1087 Mahdia Campaign
516:found on the main door.
407:The cathedral, with the
258:This article includes a
1870:S Stefano dei Cavalieri
1436:
1365:in the cathedral museum
1223:Legend has it that the
1163:(pulpit and main altar)
1109:(original bronze doors)
1000:Madonna Under the Organ
992:Giovanni Battista Paggi
982:by the Sienese painter
815:Saint John the Bapstist
567:with the cathedral and
377:Romanesque architecture
287:more precise citations.
81:43.723281°N 10.395845°E
2020:Pisan Romanesque style
1830:S Michele degli Scalzi
1474:Morris, Colin (1991).
1449:Watkin, David (2005).
1411:Detail of the pulpit,
1218:scratches of the devil
1070:
1018:
850:Siena Cathedral Pulpit
833:
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717:
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489:, who belonged to the
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2040:Cathedrals in Tuscany
2025:Architecture in Italy
1979:Orto botanico di Pisa
1845:S Paolo a Ripa d'Arno
1729:Leaning Tower of Pisa
1648:Leaning Tower of Pisa
1534:Guida rapida d'Italia
1378:Door of Saint Rainier
1345:A copy of the bronze
1229:wedding feast of Cana
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844:by Giovanni's father
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569:Leaning Tower of Pisa
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409:Leaning Tower of Pisa
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373:Leaning Tower of Pisa
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19:Church in Pisa, Italy
1922:Piazza delle Gondole
1917:Piazza dei Cavalieri
1896:del Collegio Puteano
1810:S Giovanni dei Fieri
1765:S Andrea Forisportam
1545:Carli, Enzo (1989).
1173:(fresco in the dome)
1097:(mosaic in the apse)
1035:Beatrice of Lorraine
954:, by the Florentine
852:, and in Giovanni's
464:Santa Maria Maggiore
86:43.723281; 10.395845
1927:Piazza dei Miracoli
1820:S Maria della Spina
1643:Archdiocese of Pisa
1638:Piazza dei Miracoli
1568:. 24 November 2015.
1184:Of further interest
1157:(marble decoration)
1151:(various paintings)
1145:(various paintings)
1139:(various paintings)
970:, both finished by
750:corinthian capitals
468:Santa Maria Assunta
437:St. Mark's Basilica
357:Piazza dei Miracoli
334:), officially the
77: /
1835:S Michele in Borgo
1815:S Jacopo e Filippo
1739:Torre dei Gualandi
1653:Baptistery of Pisa
1616:on 8 November 2016
1511:, with Preface by
1171:Girolamo Riminaldi
1071:
1019:
950:Our Lady of Graces
929:Domenico Beccafumi
834:
769:Girolamo Riminaldi
734:
726:
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678:
676:Door of St. Ranier
665:on the expense of
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612:
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445:maritime republics
413:
389:Archbishop of Pisa
321:
260:list of references
53:in the background.
1987:
1986:
1972:Gardens and parks
1963:Pisa Charterhouse
1734:Navicelli channel
1513:Gianfranco Ravasi
1235:Pope Gregory VIII
1177:Vincenzo Possenti
996:Madonna and Child
988:Cross with Saints
545:Lupo di Francesco
351:dedicated to the
344:), is a medieval
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1948:Domus Galilaeana
1850:S Paolo all'Orto
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1612:. Archived from
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1167:Orazio Riminaldi
1137:Andrea del Sarto
1002:, attributed to
909:Andrea del Sarto
525:Pope Clement III
487:Pope Gelasius II
381:Pisan Romanesque
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283:this article by
274:inline citations
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203:Pisan Romanesque
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146:Official website
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1101:Tino da Camaino
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978:style are: the
966:, a student of
878:Tino da Camaino
870:Saint Rainerius
866:
848:(1260), in the
838:Giovanni Pisano
831:Giovanni Pisano
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2030:Medieval art
1901:delle Vedove
1759:
1618:. Retrieved
1614:the original
1609:
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1588:. Retrieved
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1491:. Retrieved
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1363:Pisa Griffin
1347:Pisa Griffin
1308:Other images
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1179:(chandelier)
1131:Pietro Tacca
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279:Please help
271:
182:Architect(s)
176:Architecture
134:Latin Church
116:Denomination
35:
1800:S Francesco
1775:S Apollonia
1431:in the dome
1361:The bronze
1206:isochronism
1113:Giambologna
1077:(architect)
952:with Saints
941:Giambologna
913:Saint Agnes
663:Giambologna
598:influence.
576:Greek cross
555:Description
549:San Ranieri
533:Giambologna
460:Santa Maria
452:Lombard era
385:Consecrated
285:introducing
233:Archdiocese
160:Consecrated
84: /
1994:Categories
1860:S Sepolcro
1805:S Frediano
1795:S Domenico
1790:S Cristina
1780:S Caterina
1620:8 November
1585:Forbes.com
1565:Il Tirreno
1493:7 November
1487:0198269250
1460:1856694593
1429:Assumption
1067:Saint John
1039:Camposanto
1031:sarcophagi
990:by Genoan
986:, and the
894:Camposanto
890:ghibbeline
829:Pulpit by
821:The pulpit
724:Floor plan
698:Baptistery
630:above the
456:necropolis
168:1118-09-26
72:10°23′45″E
69:43°43′24″N
1825:S Martino
1722:Landmarks
1549:, p. 107.
1202:Galileo's
1143:Il Sodoma
1084:Guglielmo
974:. In the
956:Mannerist
925:il Sodoma
761:encaustic
429:Byzantine
369:Campanile
355:, in the
349:cathedral
219:Completed
128:Sui iuris
1840:S Nicola
1785:S Chiara
1748:Churches
1632:See also
1413:Hercules
1210:pendulum
1121:(pulpit)
1075:Buscheto
882:transept
792:Monreale
754:coffered
742:transept
708:Interior
702:Florence
696:for the
622:and the
602:Exterior
596:Armenian
592:matronea
506:transept
498:Rainaldo
475:Dagobert
417:Buscheto
367:and the
346:Catholic
293:May 2024
191:Rainaldo
187:Buscheto
97:Location
2035:Pulpits
1936:Museums
1910:Piazzas
1884:Palaces
1865:S Sisto
1711:Tourism
1225:amphora
1208:of the
1155:Biduino
1095:Cimabue
1027:parvise
1023:gràdule
976:Baroque
968:Raphael
803:cosmati
776:Palermo
690:reliefs
637:Armenia
584:mosques
510:Biduino
491:Caetani
479:Primate
433:Islamic
399:History
328:Italian
281:improve
166: (
154:History
140:Website
107:Country
1875:S Zeno
1590:9 July
1484:
1457:
1045:Organs
927:, and
919:, and
796:Sicily
788:Cefalù
765:Orazio
441:Venice
431:, and
421:Sicily
393:facade
130:church
1051:organ
807:Lazio
628:gable
454:as a
266:, or
198:Style
110:Italy
1715:Pisa
1622:2016
1592:2020
1495:2016
1482:ISBN
1455:ISBN
1437:Note
1169:and
903:and
886:apse
790:and
767:and
746:apse
744:and
738:nave
632:apse
580:nave
563:The
519:The
502:bays
361:Pisa
238:Pisa
222:1092
214:1063
189:and
101:Pisa
1713:in
1380:by
935:).
923:),
794:in
700:in
481:by
359:in
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931:(
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338:(
326:(
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300:(
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291:(
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170:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
