4114:
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859:, a joint US–Australian treaty called for the creation of a US satellite surveillance base in Australia, to be titled the "Joint Defence Space Research Facility". The purpose of the facility was initially referred to in public as "space research". It was officially referred to as a "joint space research facility" until 1988. The Pine Gap treaty was signed on 9 December 1966 and stated that, after an initial nine years, either Australia or the US could cancel the agreement on giving one year's notice.
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was called to give an outline of Pine Gap. According to Ball, since 9 December 1966 when the
Australian and United States governments signed the Pine Gap treaty, Pine Gap had grown from the original two antennas to about 18 in 1999, and 38 by 2017. The number of staff had increased from around 400 in
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Canberra is reportedly unwilling to disclose whether its RAAF radar was tracking the Boeing 777 as it flew. The over-the-horizon radar is capable of tracking flights as far away as 3000km from Pine Gap, enough to track the aircraft as it flew across the South China Sea… Australian
Defence Department
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made a number of allegations related to the intelligence gathered at Pine Gap (including claiming that the CIA was involved in the
Whitlam Dismissal). He stated that, despite the US agreeing to share intelligence from Pine Gap with Australia, he was told that the US would withhold some information
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Kuala Lumpur: Malaysia believes data from US spy satellites monitored in
Australia could help find missing Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 but the information is being withheld. The country's Defence Minister Hishammuddin Hussein has specifically asked the US to share information obtained from the
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On 20 October 2023, pro-Palestinian demonstrators blocked the entryway to Pine Gap calling for a ceasefire in Gaza. Protesters blockaded the main access road to Pine Gap in late
November 2023 due to concerns that information collected at the facility was being passed to the IDF and being used to
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Ball described the operational area as containing three sections: Satellite
Station Keeping Section, Signals Processing Station and the Signals Analysis Section, from which Australians were barred until 1980. Each morning the Joint Reconnaissance Schedule Committee meets to determine what the
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protest in
Britain. This was the beginning of a two-week, women-only peace camp, organised under the auspices of "Women For Survival". The gathering was nonviolent but several women trespassed onto the military base. 111 women were arrested on one particular day and gave their names as
767:
The location is strategically significant because it controls United States spy satellites as they pass over one-third of the globe, including China, North Korea, the Asian parts of Russia, and the Middle East. Central
Australia was chosen because it was too remote for
1130:
In 2020, previously confidential private correspondences between the Palace and the
Governor-General were released. In one of the letters, John Kerr describes his alleged CIA connections as "Nonsense of course", and assured the Queen of his continued loyalty.
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group staged a protest outside Pine Gap. Four of them later broke into the facility and were arrested. Their trial began on 3 October 2006 and was the first time that
Australia's Defense (Special Undertakings) Act 1952 was used. The Pine Gap Four
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Since the end of the Cold War, the station has mainly been employed to intercept and record weapons and communications signals from countries in Asia, such as China and North Korea. The station was active in supporting the wars in
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showed that Pine Gap, amongst three other locations in Australia and one in New Zealand, contributed to the NSA's global interception and collection of internet and telephone communications, which involves systems like
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on the secret CIA presence in Australia, as well as it being "the last day of action if an election of any kind was to be held before Christmas", he was dismissed from office by ceremonial representative of monarch
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uploaded a video to Vulović's channel Boy Boy, in which the trio attempted to enter Pine Gap. The trio were briefly detained and questioned after being denied entry at the front gate. The next day, upon arrival at
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said it would not be providing comment on the surveillance system… Pine Gap's primary function is to control US spy satellites, but no information from the base has been shared with the Malaysian government.
706:. It plays a crucial role in supporting the intelligence activities and military operations of the US around the world. The base's role has caused much controversy in Australia leading to various protests.
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protecting radio dishes and operates with over 800 employees. Former NSA employee David Rosenberg indicated that the chief of the facility was a senior CIA officer at the time of his service there.
1044:. Journalist Brian Toohey states that Pine Gap intercepts electronic communications from Australian citizens including phone calls, emails and faxes as a consequence of the technology it uses.
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Australian personnel stationed at the installation have access to the entire facility (depending on role and clearance). However, all Australian personnel are banned from entering the
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program. The classified NRO name for the Pine Gap base is Australian Mission Ground Station (AMGS), while the unclassified cover term for the NSA function of the facility is RAINFALL.
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in 2001, the base has seen a refocusing from mere nuclear treaty monitoring and missile launch detection, to become a vital warfighting base for US military forces. In 1999, with the
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Mission 8300 with 4 geosynchronous satellites that covered the former Soviet Union, China, South Asia, East Asia, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and countries on the Atlantic Ocean
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satellites that monitor heat emissions from missiles, giving first warning of ballistic missile launches. In 2004, the base began operating a new satellite system known as the
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Pine Gap's activities have become more military-focused over time. One of its roles is to detect and geolocate the source of electronic signals, such as those emitted by
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immediately after leaving the aircraft. The video featured an interview with Donna Mulhearn, one of the six members of the Christians Against All Terrorism group who
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On 28 September 2016, a group of five people calling themselves “Peace Pilgrims” entered the prohibited zone around Pine Gap and were arrested and tried for trespass.
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2009:
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866:. The function of the base when it first opened was to monitor military activities such as missile tests in Russia, China, Pakistan, Japan, Korea, and India..
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174:
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843:, it is alleged Pine Gap provided the IDF with communications and electronic intelligence which it had collected using two geosynchronous
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1099:, a former CIA officer who had helped set up the facility, said that this consideration "caused apoplexy in the White House, a kind of
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Nugan Hand: A Tale of Drugs, Dirty Money, the CIA and the Ousting of the Whitlam Government : an "unbank" and Its CIA Connections
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to identify and geolocate targets of interest, which it can then attack using special forces or lethal unmanned drones, for example.
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to have their convictions quashed. In February 2008, the four members successfully appealed their convictions and were acquitted.
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According to documents published in August 2017, Pine Gap is used as a ground station for spy satellites on two secret missions:
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On 11 November 1983, Aboriginal women led 700 women to the Pine Gap gates where they fell silent for 11 minutes to commemorate
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1178:, an American nuclear worker who died after campaigning for nuclear safety. There were allegations of police brutality and an
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Middleton, Hannah (2009). "The Campaign against US military bases in Australia". In Blanchard, Lynda-ann; Chan, Leah (eds.).
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311:
169:
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http://nautilus.org/publications/books/australian-forces-abroad/defence-facilities/pine-gap/pine-gap-protests/protests-hist/
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the early 1980s to 600 in the early 1990s and then to 800 in 2017, the biggest expansion since the end of the Cold War.
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2017:
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and Kelham, Megg Waltz in P-Flat: The Pine Gap Women's Peace Protest in Hecate 1 January 2010 available on-line at
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working together to get rid of the Prime Minister. On 11 November 1975, the day Whitlam was scheduled to brief the
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passing in international waters to intercept its signals. The facility has become a key part of the local economy.
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2208:"Expanded Communications Satellite Surveillance and Intelligence Activities utilising Multi-beam Antenna Systems"
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694:. It is jointly operated by Australia and the United States, and since 1988 it has been officially called the
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729:(NRO) and is a key contributor to the NSA's global interception/surveillance effort, which included the
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3532:
3508:
3350:
1240:
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Peter "Turbo" Teatoff is seen delivering heavy machinery to JDFPG in season 4's 11th episode of series
1021:(MHS) in the UK is operated by the NSA and also serves as ground station for these satellite missions.
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Pine Gap base near Alice Springs, according to the government-controlled New Straits Times newspaper.
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481:
466:
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2482:"Gough Whitlam dismissal: What we know so far about the palace letters and Australian PM's sacking"
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920:
722:
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640:
630:
606:
461:
341:
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3289:
2512:"'Don't ever write and preach to me again': One missive in the Palace letters broke all the rules"
1193:) gathered at the gates of Pine Gap to protest the use of the base in the then-impending Iraq war.
16:
Joint United States and Australian military satellite ground station near Alice Springs, Australia
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987:
983:
601:
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1467:
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1562:"Explained: Australia's involvement with the NSA, the US spy agency at heart of global scandal"
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Leaked Department of Defence documents revealed that satellites controlled by the Pine Gap and
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1983:
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data for intelligence purposes, as well as for military operations, including air strikes.
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555:
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210:
20:
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1265:, portraying the lives of the members of the joint American–Australian intelligence team.
8:
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402:
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135:
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An Agreement to extend the period of operation of the Joint Defence Facility at Pine Gap
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from the Australians. Boyce also said that Pine Gap was monitoring telephone calls and
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560:
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Official History of Australian Peacekeeping, Humanitarian and Post-Cold War Operations
4038:
The Official History of Australia's Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948–1975
4397:
4067:
2713:"Prophetic Witness Against the War Machine [The Peace Pilgrims and Pine Gap]"
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claims that Pine Gap is actually the site of an underground facility constructed by
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in the early 1990s. By 2003, this function had been fully transferred to Pine Gap.
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3336:
2131:"When the US put Australia on nuclear red alert, no-one told the prime minister"
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Ball described the facility as the ground control and processing station for
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691:
596:
104:
91:
3326:
2317:"Pine Gap's role in US drone strikes should be investigated – rights groups"
1127:, using reserve powers, described as "archaic" by critics of the decision.
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1202:
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2764:"Why do protests keep happening at the top-secret Pine Gap military base?"
19:
This article is about the joint intelligence base. For the TV series, see
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1029:
803:
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749:
The facilities at the base consist of a massive computer complex with 38
220:
885:
836:
soldiers with drones. US drones have also killed hundreds of civilians.
4387:
2835:. Report 26. Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, October 1999.
2247:
1727:, ABC Radio National, 20 August 2017; Ryan Gallagher and Peter Cronau,
1275:
791:
Since it was established, Pine Gap has assisted the US in planning for
760:'s cryptology room, similarly how all US Personnel are banned from the
377:
230:
4020:
Military intervention against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
2411:"Missing Malaysia Airlines plane: plea to US to release Pine Gap data"
1024:
One of Pine Gap's primary functions is to locate radio signals in the
43:
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4113:
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1333:
1041:
967:
963:
931:
907:
committee about the relevant treaties, intelligence expert Professor
862:
Operations started in 1970 when about 400 American families moved to
785:
581:
412:
336:
275:
190:
3102:
1510:"Leaked documents reveal Pine Gap's role in the US fighting machine"
1368:
A Suitable Piece of Real Estate: American Installations in Australia
3762:
Australian National University Strategic and Defence Studies Centre
1641:
Robert Dover; Michael S. Goodman; Claudia Hillebrand, eds. (2013).
1007:
908:
856:
829:
822:
769:
215:
2682:"The Queen v Law & Ors [2008] NTCCA 4 (19 March 2008)"
1920:"Fifty years on, Pine Gap should reform to better serve Australia"
3633:
Sexual orientation and gender identity in the Australian military
2929:
1186:
892:
and Prime Minister Gough Whitlam were not informed of the alert.
833:
730:
682:
is a joint United States-Australian satellite communications and
260:
225:
200:
144:
2350:"Tantalising secrets of Australia's intelligence world revealed"
1074:
radar site might have data to help locate the missing aircraft.
690:
approximately 18 km (11 mi) south-west of the town of
4185:
1035:
On 11 July 2013, documents revealed through former NSA analyst
924:
750:
741:
356:
2653:
2446:"The British-American coup that ended Australian independence"
1585:"Australian outback station at forefront of US spying arsenal"
1257:
Pine Gap is featured in the 2018 Australian television series
1212:
identify targets within Gaza during the 2023 Israel-Hamas War.
828:
Location data provided by Pine Gap was used by the US to kill
4289:
4284:
3726:
1145:
1139:
During his trial for espionage, US defence industry employee
195:
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collection, outlining four categories of signals collected:
813:
The Joint Defence Facility at Nurrungar relayed warnings of
3742:
Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century White Paper
2898:"Pine Gap protest linked to Iraq war, pacifists tell court"
351:
270:
4249:
Implications of U.S. gene patent invalidation on Australia
3180:
Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security
2380:"Australian bases could be withholding MH370 data - 9News"
895:
Since the end of the Cold War in 1991 and the rise of the
757:
4467:
Military installations of the United States in Australia
2873:. Retranscription of program broadcast on 4 August 2003.
2654:
Donna Mulhearn & Jessica Morrison (6 October 2006).
888:
force-wide alert. Australian personnel at the base, the
3892:
Australian Defence Force colours, standards and guidons
2639:. Australian Anti Bases Coalition. 2002. Archived from
2588:
http://www.readperiodicals.com/201001/2224850971.html#b
2552:"Movement Moments: Telling Australian Stories (Videos)"
2739:"Pro-Palestine activists block entry to Pine Gap base"
2215:
The Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability
1230:
Pine Gap features prominently in the third and fourth
1148:
messages to and from Australia of a political nature.
1095:(between 1972 and 1975), considered closing the base.
1070:
passenger jet, authorities suggested that Pine Gap or
4026:
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
3727:
Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty
3648:
Australian Defence Force Basic Flying Training School
3020:
2097:"An American Spy Base Hidden in Australia's Outback"
1842:
Inside Pine Gap: The Spy who Came in from the Desert
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1289:
In 1982 the Australian band Midnight Oil released "
1185:On 5–7 October 2002, a number of groups (including
1134:
1062:After the inexplicable March 2014 disappearance of
982:in 1999, an area in Pine Gap was set aside for the
3558:1st Division (Deployable Joint Force Headquarters)
3093:Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre
994:, which is a vital element of US missile defence.
3752:Review of Australia's Defence Capabilities Report
3442:Inspector-General of the Australian Defence Force
3185:Independent National Security Legislation Monitor
2656:"Christian Pacifists Challenge Pine Gap In Court"
1533:
4487:Military installations in the Northern Territory
4433:
1891:The Australian Geographic Book of the Red Centre
1695:
1560:Leslie, Tim; Corcoran, Mark (19 November 2013).
1396:Project RAINFALL: The secret history of Pine Gap
1084:Alleged CIA involvement in the Whitlam dismissal
975:satellites will monitor over the next 24 hours.
4201:United States presidential visits to Australia
4048:Australian military involvement in peacekeeping
3737:Defence Strategic Policy and Intelligence Group
3706:Defence Strategic Policy and Intelligence Group
3696:Australian Geospatial-Intelligence Organisation
3158:Defence Strategic Policy and Intelligence Group
3051:Australian Geospatial-Intelligence Organisation
2176:
1667:"Mission Ground Station Declassification (NRO)"
3995:Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands
3175:Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security
2791:We Snuck Into a CIA Base In The Aussie Outback
1868:, Harris Nominees, Alice Springs, 2007, p 93,
1559:
1459:
4206:U.S./Australia Parliamentary Friendship Group
4155:Ambassadors of the United States to Australia
4145:Ambassadors of Australia to the United States
4096:
3275:
3041:Australian Security Intelligence Organisation
3006:
1763:. Sydney University Press. pp. 125–126.
660:
4368:2018 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup Final
4191:Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement
3778:Capability Acquisition and Sustainment Group
3144:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet
3128:National Intelligence Coordination Committee
2314:
2185:"The U.S. Spy Hub in the Heart of Australia"
2124:
2122:
1835:
1833:
1160:A 2002 protest against violence, at Pine Gap
869:The base was placed on nuclear alert by the
3583:Australian Defence Force ranks and insignia
3088:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission
2961:The Base: Pine Gap's Role in US Warfighting
1977:
1975:
1884:
1882:
1714:The Base: Pine Gap's Role in US Warfighting
1643:Routledge Companion to Intelligence Studies
1503:
1501:
1293:", which contains a reference to Pine Gap.
934:from advanced weapons development, such as
4462:Australia–United States military relations
4422:Category:Australia–United States relations
4103:
4089:
3282:
3268:
3123:Secretaries Committee on National Security
3013:
2999:
2981:The U.S. Spy Hub in the Heart of Australia
1911:
1729:The U.S. Spy Hub in the Heart of Australia
1313:, the trio were further questioned by the
667:
653:
42:
4452:Buildings and structures in Alice Springs
4312:International Maritime Security Construct
4196:Friends of Australia Congressional Caucus
3925:History of the Royal Australian Air Force
2884:"Judge rejects Pine Gap house arrest bid"
2840:"Pine Gap gears for war with eye on Iraq"
2637:"AABCC Pine Gap Protest Sept 2002 report"
2182:
2119:
1954:"Pine Gap gears for war with eye on Iraq"
1946:
1844:. Prahran, Victoria: Hardie Grant Books.
1839:
1830:
1756:
4457:Earth stations in the Northern Territory
4170:Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs
3211:Intelligence Services Amendment Act 2004
2736:
2549:
2252:US eyes Asia from secret Australian base
2154:
2148:
1972:
1879:
1676:. National Reconnaissance Office (NRO).
1536:"Campaigns that Changed South Australia"
1498:
1323:CIA involvement in the Whitlam Dismissal
1319:attempted to sneak into Pine Gap in 2006
1250:, respectively—by the Australian writer
1155:
740:
3149:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
2737:Gardiner, Stephanie (20 October 2023).
2408:
2281:
2128:
2007:
1888:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1582:
1430:(12. print ed.). London: Vintage.
1392:
4434:
4160:Consuls-General of Australia, New York
4150:Embassy of the United States, Canberra
4140:Embassy of Australia, Washington, D.C.
3657:Australian Multicam Camouflage Uniform
3392:National Security Committee of Cabinet
3118:National Security Committee of Cabinet
3046:Australian Secret Intelligence Service
2710:
2492:from the original on 18 September 2022
2456:from the original on 27 September 2022
2443:
2329:from the original on 10 September 2013
1981:
1917:
1615:
1597:from the original on 28 September 2022
1553:
1534:Commons Librarian (22 December 2023).
1507:
1465:
1420:
1296:On 6 March 2024, Australian YouTubers
1055:satellites to cover Eurasia and Africa
850:
775:
4165:Australian Consulate-General, Houston
4084:
3897:Flags of the Australian Defence Force
3757:Australian Strategic Policy Institute
3487:Headquarters Joint Operations Command
3478:Vice Chief of the Defence Force Group
3263:
2994:
2662:from the original on 19 November 2018
2475:
2473:
2471:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2076:from the original on 10 November 2018
1804:, 21 July 2013. Accessed 21 July 2013
1216:
1196:In December 2005, six members of the
704:Joint Defence Space Research Facility
4378:Australia and the American Civil War
4227:United States diplomatic cables leak
3915:History of the Royal Australian Navy
2977:, ABC Radio National, 20 August 2017
2967:, ABC Radio National, 20 August 2017
2953:, Bill Robinson and Richard Tanter,
2947:Management of Operations at Pine Gap
2822:Joint Standing Committee on Treaties
2479:
2347:
2205:
2107:from the original on 23 October 2021
2094:
2088:
2041:"The story behind Pine Gap spy base"
2038:
1745:
1361:
1077:
745:Warning sign on the road to Pine Gap
4034:Australia in the Korean War 1950–53
2860:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
2550:McIntyre, Iain (11 December 2023).
2360:from the original on 1 October 2019
2296:from the original on 5 January 2014
1918:Tanter, Richard (9 December 2016).
1620:. Leicester: Matador. p. 296.
1486:from the original on 21 August 2016
566:Surveillance issues in smart cities
13:
4347:Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
3600:Royal Australian Air Force Reserve
3232:Australian Army Intelligence Corps
2973:, from archive of Edward Snowden,
2893:United Press International, 11 Jun
2711:Martin, Brian (20 February 2024).
2468:
2432:
2409:Murdoch, Lindsay (19 March 2014).
2224:from the original on 27 April 2022
2183:Gallagher, Ryan (19 August 2017).
1777:from the original on 14 April 2016
1180:Australian Human Rights Commission
709:The station is jointly run by the
286:Jindalee Operational Radar Network
14:
4503:
4119:Australia–United States relations
4030:Australia in the War of 1939–1945
3882:Beating Retreat military ceremony
3686:Defence Intelligence Organisation
3643:Defence Force Discipline Act 1982
3588:Australian Defence Force Reserves
3073:Defence Intelligence Organisation
3022:Australian Intelligence Community
2918:
2717:The Commons Social Change Library
2692:from the original on 16 June 2020
2556:The Commons Social Change Library
2522:from the original on 21 July 2020
2095:Dent, Jackie (23 November 2017).
2039:Wood, Richard (12 October 2019).
1982:Cronau, Peter (3 November 2023).
1893:. Terrey Hills, New South Wales:
1683:from the original on 18 June 2014
1540:The Commons Social Change Library
1393:Gilling, Tom (3 September 2019).
966:emissions, such as long-distance
4477:Australian intelligence agencies
4472:1970 establishments in Australia
4417:
4416:
4327:Marine Rotational Force – Darwin
4317:Joint Defense Facility Nurrungar
4122:
4112:
4066:
4059:
4058:
3965:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
3628:Women in the Australian military
3513:Australian Defence Force Academy
3345:
3335:
3325:
3291:
3101:
3061:Australian Cyber Security Centre
2444:Pilger, John (23 October 2014).
2348:Snow, Deborah (31 August 2019).
2284:"Pine Gap drives US drone kills"
2282:Dorling, Philip (21 July 2013).
2010:"Pine Gap drives US drone kills"
2008:Dorling, Philip (20 July 2013).
1583:Dorling, Philip (26 July 2013).
1508:Cronau, Peter (19 August 2017).
1271:The Secret History of Twin Peaks
1198:Christians Against All Terrorism
1135:Allegations of Christopher Boyce
802:facilities were used during the
800:Joint Defence Facility Nurrungar
143:
63:
62:
55:
4342:Quadrilateral Security Dialogue
4264:Sydney anti-Islam film protests
3887:Australian Defence Force Ensign
3732:Five Power Defence Arrangements
3701:Joint Defence Facility Pine Gap
3663:Department of Veterans' Affairs
3622:National Cadet Advisory Council
3606:Australian Defence Force Cadets
3458:Australian Defence Organisation
3407:Vice Chief of the Defence Force
3307:Australian Defence Organisation
3066:Joint Defence Facility Pine Gap
3036:Office of National Intelligence
2782:
2756:
2730:
2704:
2674:
2647:
2629:
2599:
2575:Pine Gap Protests - historical
2569:
2543:
2534:
2504:
2402:
2372:
2341:
2308:
2275:
2261:
2236:
2199:
2129:Barwick, Alex (23 April 2024).
2058:
2032:
2001:
1937:
1858:
1807:
1789:
1064:Malaysia Airlines flight MH 370
903:refusing to give details to an
847:located over the Indian Ocean.
702:); previously, it was known as
696:Joint Defence Facility Pine Gap
3920:History of the Australian Army
3691:Australian Signals Directorate
3592:Royal Australian Naval Reserve
3382:Minister for Defence Personnel
3206:Intelligence Services Act 2001
3056:Australian Signals Directorate
2658:(Press release). Scoop.co.nz.
2164:. Communist Party of Australia
1659:
1634:
1609:
1576:
1527:
1468:"Pine Gap celebrates 40 years"
913:Australian National University
784:. This information is used by
762:Australian Signals Directorate
727:National Reconnaissance Office
715:Australian Signals Directorate
1:
4072:Military history of Australia
3387:Minister for Defence Industry
3190:Attorney-General's Department
2925:Pine Gap's wider missile role
2480:Zhou, Naaman (14 July 2020).
2206:Ball, Desmond (28 May 2015).
1816:Channel 10 - Pine Gap secrets
1355:
1318:
1103:was set in motion", with the
497:Investigatory Powers Act 2016
4405:United States Studies Centre
4373:Australian–American Memorial
3463:Australia's Federation Guard
2937:Pine Gap protests–historical
1452:
1321:, along with accusations of
7:
3747:Defence of Australia policy
3618:Australian Air Force Cadets
2905:Protesters get a wrist slap
2607:"The Anti-Nuclear Campaign"
1327:
1247:The Four Legendary Kingdoms
1151:
1093:Prime Minister of Australia
1010:and every US war since the
992:Space-Based Infrared System
956:transmissions intended for
719:Central Intelligence Agency
10:
4508:
3553:Special Operations Command
3517:Joint Military Police Unit
3509:Australian Defence College
3503:(Joint Logistics Command,
3402:Chief of the Defence Force
3351:Royal Australian Air Force
3247:1st Intelligence Battalion
3083:Department of Home Affairs
2808:
2272:, 19 September 2011, p. 1.
1760:Ending War, Building Peace
1645:. Routledge. p. 164.
1241:The Five Greatest Warriors
1191:National Union of Students
1081:
18:
4413:
4360:
4277:
4269:Killing of Justine Damond
4259:Melbourne–Evans collision
4214:
4178:
4132:
4056:
3905:
3877:Australian military slang
3844:
3811:
3770:
3714:
3676:
3571:
3450:
3427:Chief of Joint Operations
3359:
3318:
3304:
3227:Australian Special Forces
3219:
3198:
3167:
3136:
3110:
3099:
3078:Australian Federal Police
3028:
2971:NSA Documents on Pine Gap
2415:The Sydney Morning Herald
2289:The Sydney Morning Herald
2014:The Sydney Morning Herald
1958:The Sydney Morning Herald
1840:Rosenberg, David (2011).
1590:The Sydney Morning Herald
1315:Australian Federal Police
958:communications satellites
921:geosynchronous satellites
855:In late 1966, during the
482:National Intelligence Law
467:Data Protection Directive
81:
50:
41:
30:
4482:Australian Defence Force
4442:UKUSA listening stations
4064:Australian Defence Force
3501:Joint Capabilities Group
3483:Joint Operations Command
3298:Australian Defence Force
2540:Pilger 1992, p. 213-214.
1371:. Hale & Iremonger.
978:With the closing of the
806:to pinpoint targets for
723:National Security Agency
711:Australian Defence Force
688:Australian Earth station
641:Nothing to hide argument
462:Data Retention Directive
4295:Exercise Talisman Saber
3852:Australian War Memorial
3836:Air Force Installations
3596:Australian Army Reserve
3495:Maritime Border Command
2886:The Australian, 29 May.
2582:3 December 2019 at the
1889:Stanton, Jenny (2000).
988:Defense Support Program
986:'s control station for
984:United States Air Force
736:
3867:Simpson and his Donkey
3821:Military Installations
3722:Australian–US Alliance
3668:Veterans' Review Board
3614:Australian Army Cadets
3610:Australian Navy Cadets
3563:Navy Strategic Command
3523:Judge Advocate General
2891:"Aussies eye BMD role"
2869:22 August 2014 at the
1988:Declassified Australia
1984:"Targetting Palestine"
1866:Legendary Territorians
1734:23 August 2022 at the
1466:Hamlin, Karen (2007).
1161:
746:
686:surveillance base and
281:Mastering the Internet
105:23.80000°S 133.73750°E
4447:Protests in Australia
3548:Defence Space Command
3331:Royal Australian Navy
3154:Department of Defence
2900:ABC, Australia, 5 Jun
2852:Sydney Morning Herald
2593:23 April 2016 at the
1895:Australian Geographic
1616:Loxley, Adam (2011).
1474:. 2007/8 (3): 28–31.
1399:. Allen & Unwin.
1291:Power and the Passion
1159:
1113:Australian Parliament
901:Australian Government
890:Australian Government
879:US secretary of state
841:2023 Israel–Hamas war
819:Israel Defence Forces
744:
518:FISA Improvements Act
4383:Southern Cross Cable
4244:Death of Tina Watson
4024:Official Histories (
3505:Joint Health Command
3397:Secretary of Defence
3377:Minister for Defence
2910:18 June 2007 at the
2855:, 30 September 2002.
2244:Agence France-Presse
2070:www.info.dfat.gov.au
1943:Pilger 1992, p. 202.
1800:22 July 2013 at the
1719:18 July 2022 at the
1051:Mission 7600 with 2
1019:Menwith Hill Station
1012:September 11 attacks
925:signals intelligence
808:bombings in Cambodia
764:'s cryptology room.
684:signals intelligence
551:Secure communication
393:Southern Cross Cable
110:-23.80000; 133.73750
21:Pine Gap (TV series)
4322:Major non-NATO ally
3826:Naval Installations
3468:Force Element Group
3242:7th Signal Regiment
2975:Background Briefing
2965:Background Briefing
2933:, 21 September 2007
2845:4 June 2016 at the
2838:2002 Craig Skehan,
2617:on 7 September 2008
2258:, 19 September 2011
2020:on 1 September 2022
1960:. 30 September 2002
1725:Background Briefing
851:Operational history
776:Military activities
587:Intelligence agency
403:Bad Aibling Station
251:Boundless Informant
136:Global surveillance
101: /
4393:Pipe Pacific Cable
4332:Operation Blowdown
4278:Military relations
4222:Battle of Brisbane
4000:War in Afghanistan
3980:Somalian Civil War
3831:Army Installations
3803:Air Force aircraft
3798:Air Force Weaponry
3422:Chief of Air Force
2957:, 24 November 2015
2955:Nautilus Institute
2941:Nautilus Institute
2831:6 May 2015 at the
2770:. 27 November 2023
2743:The Canberra Times
2686:www.austlii.edu.au
2643:on 31 August 2007.
2315:Oliver Laughland.
2195:on 23 August 2022.
2101:The New York Times
1263:political thriller
1261:. The series is a
1217:In popular culture
1162:
1026:Eastern Hemisphere
936:ballistic missiles
747:
561:Call detail record
4492:MacDonnell Region
4429:
4428:
4398:Telstra Endeavour
4078:
4077:
3975:Rwandan Civil War
3960:Malayan Emergency
3945:Russian Civil War
3653:Military Uniforms
3257:
3256:
1742:, 20 August 2017.
1406:978-1-76087-215-1
1378:978-0-908094-47-9
1284:extraterrestrials
1141:Christopher Boyce
1078:Whitlam dismissal
905:Australian Senate
864:Central Australia
821:(IDF) during the
677:
676:
541:Mass surveillance
487:Cybersecurity Law
120:
119:
4499:
4420:
4419:
4133:Diplomatic posts
4127:
4126:
4117:
4116:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4082:
4081:
4070:
4062:
4061:
4015:Peace Operations
3543:Aviation Command
3491:Northern Command
3437:Senior Personnel
3432:Senior Positions
3367:Governor-General
3349:
3339:
3329:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3261:
3260:
3105:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2992:
2991:
2987:, 20 August 2017
2802:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2613:. Archived from
2603:
2597:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2518:. 18 July 2020.
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2477:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2441:
2430:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2384:www.9news.com.au
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2279:
2273:
2265:
2259:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2223:
2212:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2191:. Archived from
2180:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2126:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2045:www.9news.com.au
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2016:. Archived from
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1979:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1924:The Conversation
1915:
1909:
1908:
1886:
1877:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1837:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1824:
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1805:
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1782:
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1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1682:
1671:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1618:The Teleios Ring
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1557:
1551:
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1546:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1505:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1472:Defence Magazine
1463:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1427:A Secret Country
1417:
1415:
1413:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1345:RAF Menwith Hill
1259:of the same name
1224:Outback Truckers
1122:Governor-General
1097:Victor Marchetti
845:Orion satellites
817:launches to the
669:
662:
655:
636:Stop Watching Us
507:Proposed changes
398:Utah Data Center
147:
122:
121:
116:
115:
113:
112:
111:
106:
102:
99:
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28:
27:
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4501:
4500:
4498:
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4496:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4425:
4409:
4356:
4305:UKUSA Agreement
4273:
4210:
4174:
4128:
4121:
4111:
4109:
4079:
4074:
4052:
4005:Brereton Report
3901:
3840:
3807:
3766:
3710:
3672:
3574:
3567:
3446:
3355:
3341:Australian Army
3314:
3311:Russell Offices
3309:(Headquarters:
3300:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3258:
3253:
3215:
3194:
3163:
3132:
3106:
3097:
3024:
3019:
2921:
2916:
2912:Wayback Machine
2871:Wayback Machine
2847:Wayback Machine
2833:Wayback Machine
2814:General sources
2811:
2806:
2805:
2796:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2783:
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2605:
2604:
2600:
2595:Wayback Machine
2584:Wayback Machine
2574:
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2558:
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2510:
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2419:
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2389:
2387:
2386:. 19 March 2014
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1802:Wayback Machine
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1736:Wayback Machine
1721:Wayback Machine
1711:
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1674:15 October 2008
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1407:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1358:
1350:Misawa Air Base
1330:
1232:thriller novels
1219:
1182:inquiry ensued.
1171:Greenham Common
1167:Remembrance Day
1154:
1137:
1086:
1080:
1072:Jindalee (JORN)
882:Henry Kissinger
853:
778:
739:
673:
546:Culture of fear
523:Other proposals
452:FISA amendments
447:USA Freedom Act
432:UKUSA Agreement
109:
107:
103:
100:
95:
92:
90:
88:
87:
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4232:Julian Assange
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3808:
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3795:
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3788:Army artillery
3785:
3783:Army equipment
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3555:
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3545:
3540:
3535:
3533:Forces Command
3530:
3525:
3520:
3498:
3480:
3475:
3473:Special Forces
3470:
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3454:
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3448:
3447:
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3424:
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3379:
3374:
3372:Prime Minister
3369:
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2995:
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2978:
2968:
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2944:
2934:
2920:
2919:External links
2917:
2915:
2914:
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2894:
2887:
2880:
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2516:www.abc.net.au
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2340:
2307:
2274:
2260:
2235:
2198:
2175:
2156:Coxsedge, Joan
2147:
2118:
2087:
2057:
2031:
2000:
1971:
1945:
1936:
1910:
1903:
1897:. p. 57.
1878:
1857:
1850:
1829:
1819:, 27 June 2011
1806:
1788:
1770:978-1920899431
1769:
1744:
1712:Peter Cronau,
1694:
1658:
1651:
1633:
1627:978-1848769205
1626:
1608:
1575:
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1526:
1497:
1457:
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1390:
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1357:
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1337:
1329:
1326:
1311:Sydney Airport
1302:Alex Apollonov
1298:Aleksa Vulović
1268:In the novel,
1252:Matthew Reilly
1218:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1203:cross-appealed
1194:
1183:
1176:Karen Silkwood
1153:
1150:
1136:
1133:
1082:Main article:
1079:
1076:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1053:geosynchronous
1037:Edward Snowden
980:Nurrungar base
972:
971:
961:
954:
943:
875:Yom Kippur War
852:
849:
777:
774:
738:
735:
725:(NSA), and US
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574:Related topics
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408:Dagger Complex
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4254:Mamdouh Habib
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3930:Frontier Wars
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3814:
3813:Installations
3810:
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3531:
3529:
3528:Fleet Command
3526:
3524:
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3514:
3510:
3506:
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3428:
3425:
3423:
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3417:Chief of Navy
3415:
3413:
3412:Chief of Army
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
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2985:The Intercept
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2242:Coopes, Amy,
2239:
2220:
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2209:
2202:
2194:
2190:
2189:The Intercept
2186:
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2102:
2098:
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2035:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2004:
1989:
1985:
1978:
1976:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1940:
1925:
1921:
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1906:
1904:1-86276-013-6
1900:
1896:
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1874:9780646483719
1871:
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1851:9781742701738
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1740:The Intercept
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1363:Ball, Desmond
1360:
1359:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1340:GCSB Waihopai
1338:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1325:
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1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1306:Jordan Shanks
1303:
1299:
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1287:
1285:
1281:
1280:Richard Nixon
1277:
1273:
1272:
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1255:
1253:
1249:
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1237:
1236:Jack West Jr.
1233:
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1089:Gough Whitlam
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976:
969:
965:
962:
959:
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951:anti-aircraft
948:
945:signals from
944:
942:verification;
941:
937:
933:
930:
929:
928:
926:
922:
917:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
897:war on terror
893:
891:
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883:
880:
877:in 1973 when
876:
872:
871:US Government
867:
865:
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826:
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796:
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789:
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782:mobile phones
773:
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743:
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732:
728:
724:
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692:Alice Springs
689:
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86:
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58:
49:
45:
40:
29:
26:
22:
4415:
4352:War Plan Red
4336:
3950:World War II
3862:Weary Dunlop
3857:Anzac spirit
3700:
3678:Intelligence
3638:Conscription
3575:and training
3111:Coordination
3065:
2984:
2974:
2964:
2951:Desmond Ball
2943:, April 2008
2928:
2850:
2795:, retrieved
2790:
2784:
2772:. Retrieved
2767:
2758:
2746:. Retrieved
2742:
2732:
2720:. Retrieved
2716:
2706:
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2486:The Guardian
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2450:The Guardian
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2322:The Guardian
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2228:28 September
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2018:the original
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1864:Harris, Reg
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1422:Pilger, John
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1129:
1118:Elizabeth II
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977:
973:
947:anti-missile
940:arms control
918:
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827:
815:Scud missile
812:
797:
790:
779:
766:
755:
748:
708:
703:
699:
695:
679:
678:
614:Human rights
592:Cryptography
387:
383:Menwith Hill
373:The Doughnut
170:2013–present
134:
25:
4239:David Hicks
3985:Timor-Leste
3970:Vietnam War
3940:World War I
3793:Naval ships
3538:Air Command
3237:6th Brigade
3199:Legislation
2696:25 November
2666:24 February
2621:25 November
2333:21 December
2269:Japan Times
2256:Yahoo! News
2168:11 November
2111:25 November
2080:25 November
2050:10 November
1929:10 November
1490:30 December
1412:10 November
1384:10 November
1030:geolocation
1004:Afghanistan
938:, used for
923:engaged in
873:during the
839:During the
804:Vietnam War
793:nuclear war
221:Stone Ghost
152:Disclosures
108: /
96:133°44′15″E
83:Coordinates
4436:Categories
4388:PacRimWest
3955:Korean War
3360:Leadership
2878:Pine Gap 6
2774:5 December
2748:30 October
2496:28 January
2460:28 January
2300:30 January
2248:Jiji Press
2066:"Treaties"
2024:7 November
1993:7 November
1964:7 November
1781:2 November
1601:30 January
1519:5 November
1443:7 November
1356:References
1276:Mark Frost
1068:Boeing 777
1000:Yugoslavia
721:(CIA), US
717:), the US
631:Satellites
428:Five Eyes
378:Fort Meade
231:Frenchelon
93:23°48′00″S
4300:Five Eyes
4215:Incidents
4179:Diplomacy
3872:Anzac Day
3771:Equipment
3573:Personnel
3451:Structure
3168:Oversight
2611:uq.edu.au
2364:1 October
1480:1446-229X
1453:Citations
1334:Five Eyes
1125:John Kerr
1042:XKEYSCORE
968:telephone
964:microwave
932:telemetry
911:from the
884:issued a
786:Five Eyes
770:spy ships
582:Espionage
413:GCHQ Bude
337:Five Eyes
276:RAMPART-A
211:Carnivore
191:XKeyscore
175:Reactions
36:Australia
4337:Pine Gap
4010:Iraq War
3990:Gulf War
3935:Boer War
3715:Strategy
3319:Services
3220:Military
3029:Agencies
2908:Archived
2867:Archived
2864:Pine Gap
2843:Archived
2829:Archived
2768:ABC News
2690:Archived
2660:Archived
2591:Archived
2580:Archived
2520:Archived
2490:Archived
2454:Archived
2358:Archived
2327:Archived
2294:Archived
2219:Archived
2158:(2017).
2140:24 April
2135:ABC News
2105:Archived
2074:Archived
1798:Archived
1775:Archived
1732:Archived
1717:Archived
1687:28 March
1678:Archived
1595:Archived
1568:24 March
1514:ABC News
1484:Archived
1424:(1992).
1365:(1980).
1336:alliance
1328:See also
1189:and the
1169:and the
1152:Protests
909:Des Ball
886:DEFCON 3
857:Cold War
832:and the
830:al-Qaeda
823:Gulf War
680:Pine Gap
533:Concepts
388:Pine Gap
307:R&AW
294:Agencies
266:Stingray
236:Fairview
216:Dishfire
206:Sentient
165:Pre-2013
127:a series
125:Part of
70:Pine Gap
32:Pine Gap
4361:Related
3907:History
3845:Culture
2930:The Age
2809:Sources
2797:9 March
2722:5 April
2561:5 April
2420:8 March
2390:8 March
2354:The Age
1823:8 March
1545:5 April
1238:series—
1234:of the
1187:Quakers
953:radars;
834:Taliban
751:radomes
731:ECHELON
624:Liberty
619:Privacy
261:Pinwale
256:Bullrun
226:Tempora
201:ECHELON
183:Systems
160:Origins
4186:AUSMIN
3137:Policy
2526:22 May
2217:: 29.
1901:
1872:
1848:
1767:
1649:
1624:
1478:
1434:
1403:
1375:
1101:Chile
970:calls.
556:SIGINT
478:China
437:Lustre
365:Places
357:Mossad
241:MYSTIC
4290:AUKUS
4285:ANZUS
2903:2007
2896:2007
2889:2007
2882:2007
2876:2007
2858:2003
2820:1999
2222:(PDF)
2211:(PDF)
1681:(PDF)
1670:(PDF)
1564:. ABC
1146:telex
960:; and
700:JDFPG
514:U.S.
443:U.S.
196:PRISM
2799:2024
2776:2023
2750:2023
2724:2024
2698:2017
2668:2007
2623:2017
2563:2024
2528:2021
2498:2021
2462:2021
2422:2024
2392:2024
2366:2019
2335:2013
2302:2014
2230:2022
2170:2023
2142:2024
2113:2017
2082:2017
2052:2023
2026:2023
1995:2023
1966:2023
1931:2023
1899:ISBN
1870:ISBN
1846:ISBN
1825:2024
1783:2012
1765:ISBN
1689:2014
1647:ISBN
1622:ISBN
1603:2014
1570:2016
1547:2024
1521:2023
1492:2010
1476:ISSN
1445:2023
1432:ISBN
1414:2023
1401:ISBN
1386:2023
1373:ISBN
1304:and
1244:and
1107:and
1066:, a
1017:The
1008:Iraq
1006:and
949:and
737:Base
602:VPNs
472:GDPR
421:Laws
352:GCHQ
332:DGSE
327:ASIO
271:SORM
246:DCSN
2939:at
2254:",
2250:, "
1274:by
1109:MI6
1105:CIA
758:NSA
607:TLS
597:Tor
493:UK
458:EU
347:MSS
342:FSB
322:CNI
317:BND
312:CSE
302:NSA
4438::
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