899:
38:
61:
335:, apical pneumatophore filled with gas, which is formed by invagination of the superficial cell layers of the apical side of the larva. In some species in the suborder Physonectae, the pneumatophore has a pore located either on the apical or basal pole of the organism and plays a role in controlling gas volume and pressure for buoyancy control. Gas in the pneumatophore is high in carbon monoxide and is secreted by the pneumadenia, or gas gland.
403:
Physonectae are carnivorous predators and vary in diet depending on the local availability of prey. In a study on the diets epipelagic siphonophores in the Gulf of
California in the Sargasso Sea and in Friday Harbor, Washington, it was found that compared to other suborders of Physonectae, species in
390:
While the life cycle of physonects has been studied in a limited number of species, in a typical physonect life cycle, external fertilization happens between eggs and sperm released by free-swimming eudoxids, which are released into the water from mature physonects. Like all siphonophores, physonect
358:
Each physonect colony is composed of individual organisms originating from the same fertilized egg, with specialized functions including locomotion, feeding, and reproduction. The ventral budding zone of the nectophores in the animal lies immediately below pneumatophore. As new buds are produced
408:, some smaller copepods, and a variety of other large, non-copepod prey. Gastrozooid length appears to correlate to preferred and maximum size of prey. In Canadian Pacific waters, physonects similarly included larger copepods, but also larger
322:
Physonects, and siphonophores in general, are known to be widely distributed globally, but are understudied. Few individuals have been collected and are often misidentified. As a result, their exact global distributions are unclear.
395:
forms, which then develops into a bilaterally symmetric siphonula, then mature into a young colony, and eventually into a mature colony. Most physonectae are pelagic for their entire life cycles.
461:
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth
Science and Technology. (2009 onwards). Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL). Accessed on 2018-11-21. available online at
435:(1888). System der Siphonophoren auf phylogenetischer Grundlage entworfen. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft. 22: 1-46., available online at
391:
eggs are yolky, and act as the source of energy for their early development. The sperm are attracted to the egg by species-specific chemicals. A
825:
940:
224:
180:
169:
538:"Agalma clausi (Bedot, 1888) (Siphonophora: Physonectae)—complementary description with notes on species distribution and ecology"
799:
804:
974:
593:"Molecular Phylogenetics of the Siphonophora (Cnidaria), with Implications for the Evolution of Functional Specialization"
366:, which consist of a gastrozooid with a tentacle, bracts and palpons, and the gonodentra. The gonodendra bears the
346:, or swimming bells. These swimming bells are the animal's zooids specialized for swimming. The siphophore includes the
933:
871:
448:
Schuchert, P. (2019). World
Hydrozoa Database. Physonectae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at:
202:
830:
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Sexual reproduction occurs to give rise to a new colony of zooids. The siphosome is made up of groups called
979:
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763:
147:
60:
876:
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47:
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382:. Eggs and sperm are deposited directly into the water and fertilization happens externally.
305:
20:
853:
959:
502:
8:
246:
158:
506:
696:
573:
491:"Benthic siphonophores: a review of the family Rhodaliidae (Siphonophora, Physonectae)"
55:
898:
404:
the suborder
Physonectae have fewer, large gastrozooids. They primarily consume large
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612:
565:
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Below the pneumatophore, an organism has a long stem with two distinct regions. The
288:
body plan. They are almost all pelagic, and are composed of a colony of specialized
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Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences
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669:"Dietary composition and diel feeding patterns of epipelagic siphonophores"
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The majority of physonect siphonophores are pelagic, with the exception of
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37:
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This article is about the taxon of marine animals. For other uses, see
304:, which are a family of benthic physonects first collected during the
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Dunn, Casey W.; Pugh, Philip R.; Haddock, Steven H. D. (2005-12-01).
409:
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367:
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176:
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is more apical relative to the siphosome and is composed of asexual
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92:
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http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=135335
405:
392:
371:
82:
437:
http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43887#page/11/mode/1up
289:
651:
Siphonophora (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of
Canadian Pacific Waters
370:, or sexual bodies. Among physonect Siphonophores, many are
284:
Organisms in the suborder
Physonectae follow the classic
359:
asexually, the swimming bells are displaced downwards.
276:
951:
536:MAŃKO, MACIEJ K.; PUGH, PHILIP R. (2018-06-27).
590:
270:
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292:that originate from the same fertilized egg.
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36:
535:
666:
350:(feeding polyps) and sexual medusoids.
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715:
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463:http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/bismal
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841:135be294-2541-402d-b857-4f7279846c4d
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331:All physonect siphonophores have an
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1:
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913:. You can help Knowledge by
7:
975:Taxa named by Ernst Haeckel
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10:
996:
892:
489:Pugh, P. R. (1983-06-14).
18:
723:
609:10.1080/10635150500354837
554:10.11646/zootaxa.4441.2.7
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140:
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56:Scientific classification
54:
44:
35:
30:
16:Suborder of siphonophores
667:Purcell, J. E. (1981).
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48:Physophora hydrostatica
909:-related article is a
515:10.1098/rstb.1983.0025
21:Hoei (disambiguation)
980:Siphonophorae stubs
970:Cnidarian suborders
507:1983RSPTB.301..165P
416:, and fish larvae.
685:10.1007/BF00397071
597:Systematic Biology
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887:
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849:Open Tree of Life
717:Taxon identifiers
501:(1105): 165–300.
311:and described by
261:is a suborder of
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45:illustration of
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673:Marine Biology
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603:(6): 916–935.
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452:on 2019-03-11
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269:it is called
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263:siphonophores
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915:expanding it
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414:chaetognaths
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361:
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354:Reproduction
348:gastrozooids
337:
330:
321:
316:
313:Ernst Haekel
306:
299:
296:Distribution
286:Siphonophore
283:
258:
257:
188:Forskaliidae
122:
46:
31:Physonectae
25:
960:Physonectae
769:Physonectae
755:Physonectae
749:Wikispecies
725:Physonectae
439:page(s): 38
433:Haeckel, E.
386:Life stages
376:protandrous
374:, some are
344:nectophores
319:monograph.
302:Rhodallidae
259:Physonectae
232:Rhodaliidae
203:Eschscholtz
155:Apolemiidae
144:Agalmatidae
123:Physonectae
954:Categories
420:References
410:arthropods
372:monoecious
368:gonophores
327:Morphology
317:Challenger
309:expedition
307:Challenger
221:Resomiidae
119:Suborder:
693:0025-3162
617:1076-836X
562:1175-5334
523:0080-4622
380:dioecious
340:nectosome
177:Erennidae
136:Families
79:Kingdom:
73:Eukaryota
776:BioLib:
740:Q3382050
734:Wikidata
701:85011338
625:16338764
578:52975339
570:30314012
406:copepods
364:cormidia
267:Japanese
103:Hydrozoa
93:Cnidaria
89:Phylum:
83:Animalia
69:Domain:
864:5473273
542:Zootaxa
503:Bibcode
393:planula
315:in his
236:Haeckel
192:Haeckel
128:Haeckel
109:Order:
99:Class:
877:135335
861:uBio:
854:187642
838:NZOR:
805:718936
699:
691:
623:
615:
576:
568:
560:
521:
333:aboral
290:zooids
265:. In
249:, 1859
247:Huxley
238:, 1888
227:, 2006
216:, 1925
205:, 1829
194:, 1888
183:, 2001
172:, 2016
161:, 1859
159:Huxley
150:, 1834
148:Brandt
130:, 1888
905:This
872:WoRMS
831:42760
792:7NFJ6
779:73403
697:S2CID
574:S2CID
214:Moser
911:stub
826:NCBI
800:ITIS
689:ISSN
621:PMID
613:ISSN
566:PMID
558:ISSN
546:4441
519:ISSN
399:Diet
278:hōei
225:Pugh
181:Pugh
170:Pugh
813:NBN
787:CoL
764:AFD
681:doi
605:doi
550:doi
511:doi
499:301
281:).
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