1985:
48:
1652:" because the other natural sciences (like biology, geology etc.) deal with systems that seem to obey the laws of physics. According to physics, the physical laws of matter, energy and the fundamental forces of nature govern the interactions between particles and physical entities (such as planets, molecules, atoms or the subatomic particles). Some of the basic pursuits of physics, which include some of the most prominent developments in modern science in the last millennium, include:
1616:β law or rule that has to be, or usually is to be followed, or can be desirably followed, or is an inevitable consequence of something, such as the laws observed in nature or the way that a system is constructed. The principles of such a system are understood by its users as the essential characteristics of the system, or reflecting system's designed purpose, and the effective operation or use of which would be impossible if any one of the principles was to be ignored.
453:
3052:
3062:
657:. It in turn has many branches, each referred to as a "physical science", together called the "physical sciences". However, the term "physical" creates an unintended, somewhat arbitrary distinction, since many branches of physical science also study biological phenomena (organic chemistry, for example). The four main branches of physical science are astronomy, physics, chemistry, and the Earth sciences, which include meteorology and geology.
1221:β history of the coupling of the mechanical and the chemical phenomena on a molecular scale and includes mechanical breakage, chemical behavior of mechanically stressed solids (e.g., stress-corrosion cracking), tribology, polymer degradation under shear, cavitation-related phenomena (e.g., sonochemistry and sonoluminescence), shock wave chemistry and physics, and even the burgeoning field of molecular machines.
3072:
468:
624:. In this realm, chemistry deals with such topics as the properties of individual atoms, the manner in which atoms form chemical bonds in the formation of compounds, the interactions of substances through intermolecular forces to give matter its general properties, and the interactions between substances through chemical reactions to form different substances.
1151:β history of the chemistry of radioactive materials, where radioactive isotopes of elements are used to study the properties and chemical reactions of non-radioactive isotopes (often within radiochemistry the absence of radioactivity leads to a substance being described as being inactive as the isotopes are stable).
991:β history of the branch of atmospheric science in which the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets is studied. It is a multidisciplinary field of research and draws on environmental chemistry, physics, meteorology, computer modeling, oceanography, geology and volcanology, and other disciplines
699:β history of the study of the universe beyond Earth, including its formation and development, and the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects (such as galaxies, planets, etc.) and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth (such as the cosmic background radiation).
1203:β history of the branch of chemistry that studies chemical reactions which take place in a solution at the interface of an electron conductor (a metal or a semiconductor) and an ionic conductor (the electrolyte), and which involve electron transfer between the electrode and the electrolyte or species in solution.
607:β study of celestial objects (such as stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets and nebulae), the physics, chemistry, and evolution of such objects, and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth, including supernovae explosions, gamma-ray bursts, and cosmic microwave background radiation.
2532:
The term 'universe' is defined as everything that physically exists: the entirety of space and time, all forms of matter, energy and momentum, and the physical laws and constants that govern them. However, the term 'universe' may also be used in slightly different contextual senses, denoting concepts
569:
must be verified scientifically to be regarded as scientific theory. Validity, accuracy, and social mechanisms ensuring quality control, such as peer review and repeatability of findings, are amongst the criteria and methods used for this purpose. Natural science can be broken into two main
1292:β history of the branch of engineering that deals with physical science (e.g., chemistry and physics), and life sciences (e.g., biology, microbiology and biochemistry) with mathematics and economics, to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms.
943:β history of the branch of mechanics concerned with the analysis of loads (force, torque/moment) on physical systems in static equilibrium, that is, in a state where the relative positions of subsystems do not vary over time, or where components and structures are at a constant velocity.
1043:β history of the discipline at the intersection of chemistry, especially synthetic organic chemistry, and pharmacology and various other biological specialties, where they are involved with design, chemical synthesis, and development for market of pharmaceutical agents (drugs).
637:β all-embracing term referring to the fields of science dealing with planet Earth. Earth science is the study of how the natural environment (ecosphere or Earth system) works and how it evolved to its current state. It includes the study of the atmosphere, hydrosphere,
1286:β history of the scientific discipline spanning the fields of chemistry and biology that involves the application of chemical techniques and tools, often compounds produced through synthetic chemistry, to the study and manipulation of biological systems.
965:β history of the physical science of atomic matter (matter that is composed of chemical elements), especially its chemical reactions, but also including its properties, structure, composition, behavior, and changes as they relate the chemical reactions
747:β history of the natural science that deals with the study of celestial objects (such as stars, planets, comets, nebulae, star clusters, and galaxies) and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth (such as cosmic background radiation)
1128:
2679:
as the single most prolific scientific concept: "If, in some cataclysm, all scientific knowledge were to be destroyed one sentence what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is that
1395:β history of the study of the dynamic interface between the ocean and the land, incorporating both the physical geography (i.e. coastal geomorphology, geology and oceanography) and the human geography (sociology and history) of the coast.
1910:, which assumes that people's destiny and human affairs in general correlate to the apparent positions of astronomical objects in the sky β although the two fields share a common origin, they are quite different; astronomers embrace the
1431:β history of the Population dynamics is the branch of life sciences that studies short-term and long-term changes in the size and age composition of populations, and the biological and environmental processes influencing those changes.
1334:β history of the Surface science is the study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases, including solidβliquid interfaces, solidβgas interfaces, solidβvacuum interfaces, and liquidβgas interfaces.
1055:β history of the chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism β history of the found in nature that usually has a pharmacological or biological activity for use in pharmaceutical drug discovery and drug design.
925:β history of the field of physics that studies polymers, their fluctuations, mechanical properties, as well as the kinetics of reactions involving degradation and polymerization of polymers and monomers respectively.
2784:
2682:
all things are made up of atoms β little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another
593:
and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.
1407:β history of the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of living organisms and how the distribution and abundance are affected by interactions between the organisms and their environment.
1107:β history of the study of the role of various elements in watersheds, including copper, sulfur, mercury, and how elemental fluxes are exchanged through atmospheric-terrestrial-aquatic interactions
1525:β history of the study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth and other planets, including the hydrologic cycle, water resources and environmental watershed sustainability.
1442:
1224:
1455:β history of the Environmental geology, like hydrogeology, is an applied science concerned with the practical application of the principles of geology in the solving of environmental problems.
1052:
1159:β history of the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation (by synthesis or by other means) of carbon-based compounds, hydrocarbons, and their derivatives.
1481:β history of the science and the technology which develops and uses information science infrastructure to address the problems of geography, geosciences and related branches of engineering.
865:β history of the branch of mechanics that deals with the analysis of the kinematics and the mechanical behavior of materials modeled as a continuous mass rather than as discrete particles.
847:β history of the branch of physics concerned with the behavior of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements, and the subsequent effects of the bodies on their environment.
1436:
1352:β history of the umbrella term for the study of the atmosphere, its processes, the effects other systems have on the atmosphere, and the effects of the atmosphere on these other systems.
1028:
720:
1212:
897:β history of the branch of physics which involves the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.
1452:
1295:
1022:
790:
2598:; and required invention to devise the techniques, abstractions, apparatus, and organization for exhibiting the regularities and securing their law-like descriptions." βp.vii,
1349:
1122:
1110:
1104:
1016:
838:
808:
1469:β history of the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth, including its gravitational field, in a three-dimensional time-varying space
1136:
1078:
1040:
946:
862:
859:β history of one of the two major sub-fields of mechanics, which is concerned with the set of physical laws describing the motion of bodies under the action of a system of forces.
752:
841:β history of the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories.
1410:
1215:β history of the area of research engaged in novel applications of mathematics to chemistry; it concerns itself principally with the mathematical modeling of chemical phenomena.
726:
2325:β the branches of science that study the atmosphere, its processes, the effects other systems have on the atmosphere, and the effects of the atmosphere on these other systems.
997:β history of the study of chemical processes in living organisms, including, but not limited to, living matter. Biochemistry governs all living organisms and living processes.
1490:
1392:
1188:
1072:
832:
805:β history of cryogenics is the study of the production of very low temperature (below β150 Β°C, β238 Β°F or 123K) and the behavior of materials at those temperatures.
1301:
1283:
1218:
1086:
952:
784:
903:β history of the branch of physics that studies the existence and interactions of particles that are the constituents of what is usually referred to as matter or radiation.
1242:
1116:
1034:
922:
770:
1003:β history of the study of both chemistry and biochemistry which are important in agricultural production, the processing of raw products into foods and beverages, and in
1478:
1262:
1209:β history of the Femtochemistry is the science that studies chemical reactions on extremely short timescales, approximately 10 seconds (one femtosecond, hence the name).
1206:
1197:β history of the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics.
1162:
1148:
1092:
974:
912:
1493:β history of the planetary science discipline concerned with the geology of the celestial bodies such as the planets and their moons, asteroids, comets, and meteorites.
1504:
1343:
1251:β history of the area of chemistry beyond the molecules and focuses on the chemical systems made up of a discrete number of assembled molecular subunits or components.
1236:
1000:
741:β history of the scientific study of planets (including Earth), moons, and planetary systems, in particular those of the Solar System and the processes that form them.
1589:, classification and mapping; physical, chemical, biological, and fertility properties of soils; and these properties in relation to the use and management of soils.
1528:
776:
682:
2594:"... modern science is a discovery as well as an invention. It was a discovery that nature generally acts regularly enough to be described by laws and even by
1277:β history of the study of the synthesis, structure, and properties of solid phase materials, particularly, but not necessarily exclusively of, non-molecular solids
853:β history of the study of the structure and function of biological systems such as humans, animals, plants, organs, and cells by means of the methods of mechanics.
735:β history of the study of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its formation and evolution.
1592:
1516:
1061:β history of the specific study of neurochemicals, which include neurotransmitters and other molecules such as neuro-active drugs that influence neuron function.
802:
1531:β history of the area of geology that deals with the distribution and movement of groundwater in the soil and rocks of the Earth's crust (commonly in aquifers).
1319:
1346:β history of the all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet Earth. Earth science, and all of its branches, are branches of physical science.
940:
817:β history of the interdisciplinary research field, applying theories and methods originally developed by physicists in order to solve problems in economics
1322:β history of the science and study of all aspects of wine and winemaking except vine-growing and grape-harvesting, which is a subfield called viticulture.
2647:
knowledge or a system of knowledge covering general truths or the operation of general laws especially as obtained and tested through scientific method
1233:β history of the branch of chemistry whose primary focus is the application of quantum mechanics in physical models and experiments of chemical systems.
758:
1595:β history of the study of surface shape and features of the Earth and other observable astronomical objects including planets, moons, and asteroids.
1165:β history of the branch of chemistry that studies the transformation of crude oil (petroleum) and natural gas into useful products or raw materials.
2700:"Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." (
705:β history of the application of ballistics and celestial mechanics to the practical problems concerning the motion of rockets and other spacecraft.
1185:β history of the study of macroscopic, atomic, subatomic, and particulate phenomena in chemical systems in terms of physical laws and concepts.
977:β history of the study of the abundance and reactions of chemical elements and molecules in the universe, and their interaction with radiation.
949:β history of the study of rigid matter, or solids, through methods such as quantum mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism, and metallurgy.
793:β history of the study and implementation of numerical algorithms to solve problems in physics for which a quantitative theory already exists.
1461:β history of the branch of biology, chemistry, and medicine concerned with the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms.
971:β history of the study of the separation, identification, and quantification of the chemical components of natural and artificial materials.
1579:β history of the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth or through other planet-like bodies
1377:β history of the study of the distribution of species (biology), organisms, and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.
711:β history of the branch of astronomy that involves precise measurements of the positions and movements of stars and other celestial bodies.
3185:
1854:
Solar System. Ancient cultures saw the Earth as the centre of the Solar System or universe (geocentrism). In the 16th century, Nicolaus
1439:β history of the Environmental chemistry is the scientific study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural places.
1271:β history of the multidisciplinary science that deals with the chemical synthesis and chemical properties of polymers or macromolecules.
3160:
664:β history of the physical science that studies matter and its motion through space-time, and related concepts such as energy and force
574:(for example biology) and physical science. Each of these branches, and all of their sub-branches, are referred to as natural sciences.
909:β history of the quantitatively investigates the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations and perceptions they affect.
3180:
3175:
2989:
1513:β history of the physics of the Earth and its environment in space; also the study of the Earth using quantitative physical methods.
3108:
829:β history of the physics of the Earth and its environment in space; also the study of the Earth using quantitative physical methods
3170:
1113:β history of the study of the relative and absolute concentrations of the elements and their isotopes using chemistry and geology
1487:β history of the study of the Earth, with the general exclusion of present-day life, flow within the ocean, and the atmosphere.
3155:
2809:
3140:
3135:
2766:
3206:
2946:
983:β history of the study of the chemical composition of matter in the universe and the processes that led to those compositions
3150:
3145:
1984:
3128:
931:β history of the branch of physics dealing with physical phenomena where the action is on the order of the Planck constant.
877:β history of the branch of physics dealing with physical phenomena where the action is on the order of the Planck constant.
73:
1025:β history of the new branch of chemistry that covers a broad spectrum of research activities involving biological systems.
3165:
2743:
1248:
1170:
796:
1075:β history of the use of computer and informational techniques, applied to a range of problems in the field of chemistry.
1711:
Different forms of Energy, their interconversion and the inevitable loss of energy in the form of heat (Thermodynamics)
1310:β history of the interdisciplinary field applying the properties of matter to various areas of science and engineering.
1194:
1066:
1069:β history of the branch of chemistry that uses principles of computer science to assist in solving chemical problems.
835:β history of the use of physics to describe materials in many different ways such as force, heat, light and mechanics.
526:. It in turn has many branches, each referred to as a "physical science", together is called the "physical sciences".
3075:
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2869:
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496:
17:
1131:β history of the study of the spatial variation in the chemical composition of materials at the surface of the Earth
2467:
1398:
1365:
1274:
988:
883:β history of the branch of physical science concerned with heat and its relation to other forms of energy and work.
1543:β history of the interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere which explains and forecasts weather events.
1037:β history of the branch of chemistry that involves the study of the reactions and components on the immune system.
2860:
2667:
1289:
1257:β history of the study of the energy and heat associated with chemical reactions and/or physical transformations.
968:
934:
627:
610:
110:
2785:"What's the difference between astronomy and astrology? (Beginner) β Curious About Astronomy? Ask an Astronomer"
1601:β history of the study of volcanoes, lava, magma, and related geological, geophysical and geochemical phenomena.
1537:β history of the study of chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals.
1401:β history of an integrated, quantitative, and interdisciplinary approach to the study of environmental systems.
47:
1428:
1119:β history of the study of the chemistry of marine environments including the influences of different variables.
856:
823:β history of the branch of science concerned with the forces that occur between electrically charged particles.
78:
1389:β history of the study of climate, scientifically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of time
1179:β history of the study of chemical reactions that proceed with the absorption of light by atoms or molecules..
1145:β history of the subfield of chemistry dealing with radioactivity, nuclear processes, and nuclear properties.
2982:
1567:β history of the branch of geology that studies the origin, composition, distribution and structure of rocks.
1182:
744:
732:
3101:
2097:
1307:
1268:
1230:
1156:
1142:
1095:β history of the chemical reaction is run in a continuously flowing stream rather than in batch production.
874:
738:
597:
3117:
2391:
1552:
1200:
1031:β history of the scientific study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural places.
900:
820:
650:
1425:β history of the Parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them.
1019:β history of the rapidly growing scientific discipline that combines organic chemistry and biochemistry.
3216:
3009:
2511:
2484:
1659:
1419:β history of the scientific study of organisms in the ocean or other marine or brackish bodies of water
1331:
1254:
1227:β history of the study of the interrelationships between structure and reactivity in organic molecules.
1139:β history of the branch of chemistry concerned with the properties and behavior of inorganic compounds.
928:
888:
868:
554:
670:β history of the study of mechanical waves in solids, liquids, and gases (such as vibration and sound)
3055:
3022:
2506:
2501:
1416:
1313:
1304:β history of the branch of physics that studies chemical processes from the point of view of physics.
1176:
1058:
980:
891:β history of the field of physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of atomic nuclei.
880:
787:β history of the branch of physics that studies chemical processes from the point of view of physics.
634:
3037:
2975:
2492:
2201:
2166:
1498:
1449:
as well as critical aspects of the biosphere, the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, and the atmosphere.
1004:
906:
702:
328:
1413:β history of the scientific biological study of freshwater ecosystems and is a branch of limnology
3094:
2151:
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2002:
1732:
1582:
1558:
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1519:β history of the study of glaciers, or more generally ice and natural phenomena that involve ice.
1422:
1374:
1325:
1098:
1046:
994:
850:
814:
690:
114:
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such knowledge or such a system of knowledge concerned with the physical world and its phenomena
2366:
2213:
2161:
2061:
2034:
1954:
1779:
1714:
1681:
1598:
1540:
1445:β history of the Environmental soil science is the study of the interaction of humans with the
1386:
1380:
1360:
1355:
673:
653:β history of the branch of natural science that studies non-living systems, in contrast to the
293:
1555:β history of the study of changes in climate taken on the scale of the entire history of Earth
1475:β history of the science that studies the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth
3027:
2571:
2564:
2289:
2144:
2049:
2029:
1576:
1534:
1510:
1458:
826:
764:
708:
654:
489:
404:
248:
93:
88:
1239:β history of the study of the effect of sonic waves and wave properties on chemical systems.
723:β history of the branch of astronomy concerned with objects outside our own Milky Way Galaxy
2886:
2333:
2322:
2156:
2139:
1922:
1858:
advanced the ideas of heliocentrism, recognizing the Sun as the centre of the Solar System.
1822:
1656:
Describing the nature, measuring and quantifying of bodies and their motion, dynamics etc.
1585:β history of the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the earth including
1570:
1564:
1522:
1472:
962:
844:
714:
696:
667:
617:
604:
543:
361:
343:
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1298:β history of the study of the behavior of the chemical elements within the Earth's oceans.
8:
2907:
2450:
2328:
2190:
2129:
2124:
2039:
2012:
1989:
1649:
1173:β history of the study of chemical compounds containing bonds between carbon and a metal.
1101:β history of the study of the mechanisms behind major geological systems using chemistry
273:
168:
106:
2911:
2419:
1829:
of celestial bodies and their interactions in space. Its studies include the following:
1049:β history of the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action.
2933:
2538:
2479:
2445:
2294:
2044:
1997:
1966:
1625:
1484:
1466:
1404:
661:
586:
562:
539:
83:
63:
1925:β branch of science that studies the composition, structure, properties and change of
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2917:
2890:
2865:
2607:
2575:
2134:
2117:
2112:
2102:
2090:
2085:
2073:
2017:
2007:
1942:
1911:
1773:
1718:
1245:β history of the study of the relative spatial arrangement of atoms within molecules.
894:
519:
472:
419:
409:
333:
183:
125:
2624:
1507:β history of the branch of statistics focusing on spatial or spatiotemporal datasets
1125:β history of the study of the impacts and processes that organisms have had on Earth
2763:
2455:
2178:
2107:
1962:
1862:
1805:
1741:
1702:
1633:
1089:β history of someone who uses chemistry to engineer artificial and natural flavors.
773:β history of the application of physics concepts, theories and methods to medicine.
482:
414:
283:
203:
144:
68:
717:β history of the discipline that deals with the nature of the Universe as a whole.
2998:
2855:
2770:
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2632:
2066:
1884:
1765:
916:
515:
384:
379:
369:
258:
215:
151:
1847:
theory as the commonly accepted scientific theory of the origin of the universe.
1501:β history of the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them
799:β history of the study of the physical properties of condensed phases of matter.
3065:
2599:
2271:
2249:
2183:
2079:
1978:
1937:
and their interactions and transformations, for example, the properties of the
1737:
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1586:
677:
457:
424:
374:
134:
2880:
2747:
1316:β history of the study of manipulating matter on an atomic and molecular scale
3200:
2934:
Sears and
Zemansky's University Physics with Modern Physics Technology Update
2725:"Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you." (
2676:
2400:
2285:
2225:
2171:
1938:
1724:
338:
2828:"astrology | Origin and meaning of astrology by Online Etymology Dictionary"
1328:β history of the study of the interaction between matter and radiated energy
2827:
2406:
2346:
2261:
2235:
2022:
1851:
571:
523:
188:
161:
2773:. (n.d.). Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary. Retrieved August 19, 2007.
955:β history of the dynamics of vehicles, here assumed to be ground vehicles.
2595:
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2342:
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2256:
2221:
1797:
1750:
1746:
638:
313:
220:
208:
198:
139:
729:β history of the study of our own Milky Way galaxy and all its contents.
2963:
Physical science topics and articles for school curricula (grades K-12)
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similar to gas in which a certain portion of the particles are ionized.
566:
439:
318:
308:
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1265:β history of the strict sense of the word the study of phytochemicals.
779:β history of the branch of biophysics dealing with the nervous system.
755:β history of the study of the application of physics to the atmosphere
452:
27:
Hierarchical outline list of articles related to the physical sciences
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2414:
2383:
2279:
1907:
1801:
1637:
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1081:β history of the uses Newtonian mechanics to model molecular systems.
429:
193:
811:β history of the study of the causes of motion and changes in motion
2396:
2350:
2305:
1946:
1934:
1874:
1844:
1838:
1677:
693:β history of the study of the physical aspects of celestial objects
547:
434:
323:
225:
178:
2967:
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2410:
2378:
2370:
2309:
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1992:, partial ordering of the sciences proposed by Balaban and Klein.
1974:
1826:
1686:
767:β history of the study of physical processes relating to biology
685:β history of the study of soil physical properties and processes.
558:
263:
34:
2534:
2317:
1950:
1926:
1878:
1866:
1755:
1706:
1692:
1672:
1641:
1629:
1549:β history of the branch of Earth science that studies the ocean
1129:
History of regional, environmental and exploration geochemistry
621:
620:β studies the composition, structure, properties and change of
590:
561:
that tries to explain and predict nature's phenomena, based on
546:
in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the
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1883:
The shape and structure of Earth (roughly spherical, see also
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2694:
2387:
2359:
2209:
1970:
1958:
1870:
1834:
1811:
1791:
1668:
1645:
1383:β history of the study and practice of making maps or globes.
303:
253:
1969:. Preparation and properties of complex substances, such as
2901:
Physics is the study of your world and universe around you.
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2337:
1930:
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1759:
1664:
534:
Physical science can be described as all of the following:
243:
2691:
1981:
agents are considered in specialized fields of chemistry.
1727:
the transfer of energy from one source to work in another.
589:β natural and physical science could involve the study of
2355:
288:
1013:β history of the examines the role of metals in biology.
871:β history of the study of fluids and the forces on them.
761:β history of the study of how matter and light interact
2570:(1st ed.). New York, NY: Vintage Books. pp.
1191:β history of the study of rates of chemical processes.
2604:
The Oxford
Companion to the History of Modern Science
2854:
2685:
2196:
1843:Origins of the universe. Physical science uses the
542:(a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes
2719:
2707:
2563:
759:History of atomic, molecular, and optical physics
3198:
2810:"Astrology vs Astronomy: What's the Difference?"
1945:. As such, chemistry studies the involvement of
1917:
1817:
580:
2439:
1620:
645:
3102:
2983:
2930:
2713:
1906:(Note: Astronomy should not be confused with
1280:Multidisciplinary fields involving chemistry
676:β history of the study of physics applied to
490:
2759:
2757:
2737:
2735:
2782:
2300:Seismology: stress, strain, and earthquakes
1810:The principles, sources, and properties of
1608:General principles of the physical sciences
3109:
3095:
2990:
2976:
1561:β history of the study of prehistoric life
497:
483:
2754:
2732:
1983:
2906:
2878:
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2726:
2701:
2588:
1573:β history of the study of inland waters
557:β natural science is a major branch of
14:
3199:
3116:
2561:
1929:. Chemistry is chiefly concerned with
1640:, along with related concepts such as
3090:
2971:
2606:. New York: Oxford University Press.
2555:
2216:. Its studies include the following:
1443:History of environmental soil science
1225:History of physical organic chemistry
3071:
2931:Young, H.D.; Freedman, R.A. (2014).
2858:; Leighton, R.B.; Sands, M. (1963).
1896:The composition and features of the
1053:History of natural product chemistry
2997:
2741:
2566:Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge
2461:
1249:History of supramolecular chemistry
1171:History of organometallic chemistry
797:History of condensed matter physics
24:
2686:Feynman, Leighton & Sands 1963
1902:Interactions of the Earth and Moon
1437:History of environmental chemistry
1195:History of chemical thermodynamics
1067:History of computational chemistry
1029:History of environmental chemistry
721:History of extragalactic astronomy
25:
3228:
2956:
2629:Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
2316:Characteristics and formation of
2212:, as of 2018 the only identified
2197:Basic principles of Earth science
1628:β branch of science that studies
1213:History of mathematical chemistry
1011:History of bioinorganic chemistry
3070:
3060:
3051:
3050:
2808:Temming, Maria (July 14, 2014).
2746:. Chemweb.ucc.ie. Archived from
2468:List of Russian Earth scientists
1833:The life and characteristics of
1453:History of environmental geology
1399:History of environmental science
1366:History of atmospheric chemistry
1296:History of chemical oceanography
1275:History of solid-state chemistry
1023:History of biophysical chemistry
989:History of atmospheric chemistry
791:History of computational physics
466:
451:
46:
3186:Technology and applied sciences
2861:The Feynman Lectures on Physics
2820:
2801:
2776:
2668:The Feynman Lectures on Physics
1941:formed between atoms to create
1350:History of atmospheric sciences
1290:History of chemical engineering
1123:History of organic geochemistry
1111:History of isotope geochemistry
1105:History of aqueous geochemistry
1017:History of bioorganic chemistry
969:History of analytical chemistry
935:History of theory of relativity
839:History of mathematical physics
2848:
2617:
2526:
1429:History of population dynamics
1137:History of inorganic chemistry
1079:History of molecular mechanics
1041:History of medicinal chemistry
947:History of solid state physics
863:History of continuum mechanics
857:History of classical mechanics
753:History of atmospheric physics
13:
1:
3161:Natural and physical sciences
2548:
1959:oxidation-reduction reactions
1918:Basic principles of chemistry
1914:, while astrologers do not.)
1818:Basic principles of astronomy
1411:History of Freshwater biology
1183:History of physical chemistry
733:History of physical cosmology
727:History of galactic astronomy
529:
3207:Outlines of natural sciences
2489:Outline of physical science
1977:, biological molecules, and
1491:History of planetary geology
1393:History of coastal geography
1308:History of materials science
1269:History of polymer chemistry
1231:History of quantum chemistry
1189:History of chemical kinetics
1157:History of organic chemistry
1143:History of nuclear chemistry
1073:History of chemo-informatics
875:History of quantum mechanics
833:History of materials physics
745:History of stellar astronomy
739:History of planetary science
581:Branches of physical science
7:
3181:Society and social sciences
3176:Religion and belief systems
2602:, (2003, editor-in-chief).
2473:
2440:Notable physical scientists
1963:changes in phases of matter
1648:. Physics is one of the "
1621:Basic principles of physics
1553:History of paleoclimatology
1302:History of chemical physics
1284:History of chemical biology
1219:History of mechanochemistry
1201:History of electrochemistry
1087:History of Flavor chemistry
953:History of vehicle dynamics
901:History of particle physics
821:History of electromagnetism
785:History of chemical physics
651:History of physical science
646:History of physical science
10:
3233:
2562:Wilson, Edward O. (1998).
2512:Outline of applied science
2485:Outline of natural science
1332:History of surface science
1255:History of thermochemistry
1243:History of stereochemistry
1117:History of ocean chemistry
1035:History of immunochemistry
929:History of quantum physics
923:History of polymer physics
889:History of nuclear physics
869:History of fluid mechanics
771:History of medical physics
274:Interdisciplinary sciences
3124:
3046:
3018:
3005:
2789:curious.astro.cornell.edu
2714:Young & Freedman 2014
2507:Outline of social science
2502:Outline of formal science
1890:Earth in the Solar System
1479:History of geoinformatics
1417:History of marine biology
1314:History of nanotechnology
1263:History of phytochemistry
1207:History of Femtochemistry
1177:History of photochemistry
1163:History of petrochemistry
1149:History of radiochemistry
1093:History of Flow chemistry
1059:History of neurochemistry
981:History of cosmochemistry
975:History of astrochemistry
913:History of plasma physics
881:History of thermodynamics
2783:Scharringhausen, Britt.
2519:
2493:Outline of earth science
2167:Electroanalytical method
1733:Kinetic molecular theory
1699:, and their relationship
1505:History of geostatistics
1499:History of geomorphology
1344:History of Earth science
1237:History of sonochemistry
1005:environmental monitoring
1001:History of agrochemistry
907:History of psychophysics
703:History of astrodynamics
522:systems, in contrast to
329:Research and development
3171:Philosophy and thinking
2057:Computational chemistry
2003:Chemical thermodynamics
1955:photochemical reactions
1660:Newton's laws of motion
1583:History of soil science
1559:History of paleontology
1547:History of oceanography
1529:History of hydrogeology
1423:History of parasitology
1375:History of biogeography
1326:History of spectroscopy
1099:History of geochemistry
1047:History of pharmacology
995:History of biochemistry
851:History of biomechanics
815:History of econophysics
777:History of neurophysics
691:History of astrophysics
683:History of soil physics
2140:Coordination chemistry
2062:Mathematical chemistry
2035:Electron configuration
1993:
1967:separation of mixtures
1780:laws of thermodynamics
1682:conservation of energy
1599:History of volcanology
1541:History of meteorology
1387:History of climatology
1381:History of cartography
1361:History of meteorology
1356:History of climatology
674:History of agrophysics
565:. In natural science,
236:Extrascientific fields
3156:Mathematics and logic
2887:John Wiley & Sons
2162:Instrumental analysis
2145:Solid-state chemistry
2050:Statistical mechanics
2030:Theoretical chemistry
1987:
1949:and various forms of
1689:, theories of gravity
1593:History of topography
1577:History of seismology
1535:History of mineralogy
1517:History of glaciology
1511:History of geophysics
1459:History of toxicology
827:History of geophysics
803:History of cryogenics
765:History of biophysics
709:History of astrometry
628:Branches of chemistry
611:Branches of astronomy
473:Philosophy portal
405:Science communication
249:Communication studies
3141:Geography and places
3136:Culture and the arts
2879:Holzner, S. (2006).
2744:"What is Chemistry?"
2420:Major climate groups
2334:Atmospheric pressure
2323:Atmospheric sciences
2157:Analytical chemistry
2084:Characterization of
1650:fundamental sciences
1571:History of limnology
1565:History of petrology
1523:History of hydrology
1473:History of geography
963:History of chemistry
845:History of mechanics
715:History of cosmology
697:History of astronomy
668:History of acoustics
362:Scientific integrity
344:Vocational education
279:Knowledge management
169:Behavioural sciences
2916:. D. Van Nostrand.
2882:Physics for Dummies
2814:Sky & Telescope
2539:philosophical world
2451:List of astronomers
2329:Atmosphere of Earth
2304:Characteristics of
2224:and the process of
2214:life-bearing planet
2191:Materials chemistry
2130:Inorganic compounds
2125:Inorganic chemistry
2040:Molecular modelling
2013:Molecular structure
1990:the central science
1715:Energy conservation
1320:History of oenology
809:History of Dynamics
598:Branches of physics
3151:History and events
3146:Health and fitness
3118:Knowledge outlines
2832:www.etymonline.com
2769:2016-03-05 at the
2750:on 3 January 2021.
2480:Outline of science
2446:List of physicists
2295:Physical geography
2078:The nature of the
2045:Molecular dynamics
1998:Physical chemistry
1994:
1943:chemical compounds
1796:The principles of
1786:The principles of
1485:History of geology
1467:History of geodesy
1405:History of ecology
941:History of statics
662:History of physics
563:empirical evidence
458:Science portal
3217:Physical sciences
3194:
3193:
3129:General reference
3084:
3083:
2948:978-1-292-02063-1
2939:Pearson Education
2937:(13th ed.).
2913:Matter and Motion
2742:Russell, John B.
2677:atomic hypothesis
2135:Crystal structure
2118:Organic synthesis
2113:Functional groups
2103:Organic compounds
2098:Organic chemistry
2091:Nuclear reactions
2086:radioactive decay
2074:Nuclear chemistry
2018:Quantum chemistry
2008:Reaction kinetics
1912:scientific method
1861:The structure of
1742:phase transitions
915:β history of the
895:History of optics
507:
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420:Scientific method
410:Science education
351:
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334:Strategic studies
126:Scientific fields
18:Physical Sciences
16:(Redirected from
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2462:Earth scientists
2456:List of chemists
2179:Electrochemistry
2108:Organic reaction
1893:Time measurement
1806:electromagnetism
1738:Phases of matter
1705:, position, and
1007:and remediation.
641:, and biosphere.
512:Physical science
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2067:Cheminformatics
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1885:Spherical Earth
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514:is a branch of
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380:Logical fallacy
370:Reproducibility
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2788:
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2702:Maxwell 1878
2684: ..." (
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2347:condensation
2262:Soil science
2236:Oceanography
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2152:Biochemistry
2023:Spectroscopy
1921:
1905:
1852:heliocentric
1821:
1751:thermometers
1624:
649:
572:life science
553:A branch of
538:A branch of
533:
524:life science
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294:Liberal arts
194:Sociological
156:
140:Mathematical
2849:Works cited
2716:, p. 9
2675:offers the
2596:mathematics
2375:climatology
2367:Meteorology
2343:Evaporation
2267:Pedogenesis
2257:Agrophysics
2222:water cycle
1988:Chemistry,
1798:electricity
1764:Heat flow:
1747:Temperature
639:lithosphere
398:Instruments
319:Professions
314:War studies
221:Engineering
3201:Categories
2837:2017-10-17
2794:2017-05-27
2639:2011-10-16
2549:References
2427:Speleology
2415:hurricanes
2397:Air masses
2290:geophysics
2241:Weathering
2231:Freshwater
1856:Copernicus
1770:convection
1766:conduction
1719:conversion
1447:pedosphere
570:branches:
567:hypotheses
530:Definition
520:non-living
440:Technology
309:Philosophy
299:Literature
269:Humanities
259:Futurology
209:Linguistic
94:Philosophy
89:Literature
79:Glossaries
2764:Chemistry
2625:"science"
2411:tornadoes
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2310:volcanoes
2306:mountains
2282:structure
1947:electrons
1935:molecules
1923:Chemistry
1908:astrology
1875:asteroids
1823:Astronomy
1802:magnetism
1778:The four
1774:radiation
1614:Principle
618:Chemistry
605:Astronomy
544:knowledge
430:Scientist
184:Political
3212:Outlines
3056:Category
2910:(1878).
2767:Archived
2474:See also
2351:humidity
2280:tectonic
2278:Earth's
1975:polymers
1845:Big Bang
1839:galaxies
1678:Momentum
1636:through
1632:and its
548:universe
435:Research
324:Religion
226:Medicine
204:Military
179:Economic
157:Physical
145:Computer
69:Category
35:Sciences
3076:Commons
3010:Outline
2537:or the
2379:climate
2371:weather
2318:fossils
2245:erosion
2206:science
1879:meteors
1867:planets
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559:science
540:science
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111:Outline
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1951:energy
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1871:comets
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1673:weight
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2250:Rocks
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