Irish republicanism

2573: 2764: 3916:(which was a single constituency), the ratio 54.7% Nationalist / 45.3% Unionist. (Tyrone was 55.4% Catholic in the 1911 census and 55.5% in the 1926 census, though of course only adults had votes on the other hand religious and national affiliations while closely linked are not as absolute as commonly assumed.) Within most of these counties there were large pockets which predominantly nationalist or Unionist (South Armagh, West Tyrone, West Londonderry and parts of North Antrim were largely nationalist whereas much of North Armagh, East Londonderry, East Tyrone and most of Antrim were/are largely Unionist). 2909: 6269:. Although there was quite an amount of interest in Aontacht Éireann initially, with branches set up across Ireland, the party struggled to maintain its momentum. When Boland had resigned from Fianna Fáil, he not only gave up his cabinet position but also his seat in the Dáil as well. Without the platform to the speak in the Dáil, Boland was somewhat sidelined. The party also struggled to meaningfully separate itself from Provisional Sinn Féin, with much of the policies and the rhetoric of the party membership mirroring each other. The party only managed to take 0.9% of the national vote at the 14248: 4176: 5915:"aintain fidelity" and upholding sacrificial notions function as an "imperative" for republicans: commemoration, thus, is both ubiquitous and political as evidenced by Sinn Féin's literature and rationale during the peace process. During the process, the ambitions of the civil rights movement were contended as "the ultimate goal of the conflict", thus emphasing a continuity. The predominance of memory is a point of critique, lambasted as limiting and dogmatic and, in terms of Northern Ireland, commemoration has inspired controversy. 10216: 3468: 3318: 2749: 3479: 3234: 3136:

unaware of the United Irishmen activities at the time and did not have any information regarding the planned rebellion. Emmet had hoped to avoid the complications of the previous rebellion and chose not to organise the county outside of Dublin to a large extent. It was expected that the areas surrounding Dublin were sufficiently prepared for an uprising should one be announced, and Thomas Russell had been sent to northern areas of the country to prepare republicans there.

16878: 9998: 2967: 1055: 2449: 1043: 5662: 12054: 10009: 51: 3120: 12498: 5758: 3836:, which declared that Northern Ireland would continue as part of the United Kingdom unless the Parliament of Northern Ireland consented to leave; and Ireland ceased to be a member of the Commonwealth. As a result of this—and also because continuing struggle against the Dublin government was futile—the republican movement decided to focus on Northern Ireland from then on. The decision was announced by the IRA in its Easter statement of 1949. 3053:. These activities were perceived by some to be merely "the dying echoes of an old convulsion", but others feared further large-scale uprisings, due to the United Irishmen continuing to attract large numbers of Catholics in rural areas of the country and arms raids being carried out on a nightly basis. It was also feared that rebels would again seek military aid from French troops, and another rising was expected take place by 10 April. 10019: 2799:, instead drew up proposals on 27 December 1627 for a "Kingdom and Republic of Ireland" and that "the earls should be called Captains General of the said Republic and one could exercise his office on land and the other at sea." These proposals were approved by Philip IV and forwarded to Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia in Brussels. As the Anglo-Spanish War became more tepid, the plans were never put into practice. 5650: 3280:, Daniel O'Connell's son, was present at the proceedings and interrupted Meagher's speech, claiming that Meagher could no longer be part of the same association as O'Connell and his supporters. After some protest, the Young Irelanders left Conciliation Hall and the Repeal Association forever, founding the Irish Confederation 13 January 1847 after negotiations for a reunion had failed. 5817:, Sinn Féin politicians often presented republican terrorist violence as an inevitable result of partition and British rule. This rhetorical device allowed republican politicians to evade responsibility for violence and further their political goals of a reunited Ireland. Colonialism and neocolonialism have been invoked by republicans in relation to the movement's militancy. 3024: 4100:

Féin (the Provisional IRA's political wing) began contesting elections and by the mid-1990s was representing the republican position at peace negotiations. In the loyalist movement splits occurred, the Ulster Unionist Party made tentative attempts to reform itself and attract Catholics into supporting the union with Britain, while the radical

3301:, which allowed the government to imprison Young Irelanders and other political opponents without trial, was hastily planned and quickly suppressed. Following the abortive uprising, several rebel leaders were arrested and convicted of sedition. Originally sentenced to death, Smith O'Brien and other members of the Irish Confederation were 3429:(Roberts and his supporters theorised that victory for the American Fenians in nearby Canada would propel the Irish republican movement as a whole to success). The other, headed by O'Mahony, proposed that a rising in Ireland be planned for 1866. In spite of this, the O'Mahony wing of the movement itself tried and failed to capture 2810:(descendants of the Anglo-Norman settlers who settled during the Norman Invasion) rebelling against the English rulers. While some ideas from the 1627 proposals were carried on, the attempt to rally both Gaels and Old English to the banner, mean't trying to find common ground and one of these concessions was support for the 6178:

almost immediately because of infighting. Members of the Republican Congress, which counted amongst its membership several of the most prominent socialists in Ireland at the time, could not decide whether they should immediately seek a "Workers Republic" or not, nor could they agree if they should embrace the idea of a

6002:

what degree Fianna Fáil can be still described as "Republican" has been contested. The party itself, however, continues to frame itself as a Republican party; indeed in 1971 the party's commitment to this was signalled when the formal name of the party was altered to "Fianna Fáil - The Republican Party". Following the

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was an attempt in 1934 by left-wing republicans to set up an explicitly socialist republican party in Ireland, however, it was hampered by the fact the IRA had no interest in supporting the endeavour (and in fact, the IRA expelled members who tried to be a part of both), and because it was torn apart

5918:

Events of particular significance include the United Ireland Rebellion, the Easter Rising and the War of Independence — the centenary of the Rising unified nationalists in commemoration, "loyalty to the 1916 Republic" being a fundamental present in all sects of republicanism. The proclamation of said

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direction which attracted idealistic young supporters in the Republic, but alienated and angered many of the IRA's core supporters in the North. In particular, his decision to regard the UVF as deluded rather than as the enemy, was anathema to traditionalists and those who were its potential victims.

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believed that the IRA could not beat the British with military tactics and should turn into a workers' revolutionary movement that would overthrow both governments to achieve a 32-county socialist republic through the will of the people (after WWII the IRA no longer engaged in any actions against the

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The Fenian Brotherhood was the IRB's counterpart organisation, formed in the same year in the United States by O'Mahony and Doheny. The Fenian Brotherhood's main purpose was to supply weapons and funds for its Irish counterpart and raise support for the Irish republican movement in the United States.

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The history of republicanism is paramount to the ideology: "The story of the past told by republicans is one of oppression, resistance, solidarity, and sacrifice...which both defines and justifies the movement". The remembrance of republicans as equally dutiful and ordinary is used to justify action

3520:

to refrain from presenting an address to the king. The motion to present an address was duly defeated, but the National Council remained in existence as a pressure group with the aim of increasing nationalist representation on local councils. The first annual convention of the National Council on 28

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I, AB., do solemnly swear, in the presence of Almighty God, that I will do my utmost, at every risk, while life lasts, to make Ireland an independent Democratic Republic; that I will yield implicit obedience, in all things not contrary to the law of God to the commands of my superior officers; and

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against British state forces and economic targets in Northern Ireland. The Official IRA were also initially drawn into an armed campaign by the escalating communal violence. In 1972, the Official IRA declared a cease-fire, which, apart from feuds with other republican groups, has been maintained to

3953:

and other places. Many Catholics considered the Unionist government was undemocratic, bigoted and favoured Protestants. Emigration for economic reasons kept the nationalist population from growing, despite its higher birth rate. Although poverty, (e)migration and unemployment were fairly widespread

3210:. Encouraging the repeal of the Acts of Union, members of the Young Ireland movement advocated the removal of British authority from Ireland and the re-establishment of the Irish Parliament in Dublin. The group had cultural aims also, and encouraged the study of Irish history and the revival of the 3143:

You are now called on to show to the world that you are competent to take your place among nations, that you have a right to claim their recognisance of you, as an independent country ... We therefore solemnly declare, that our object is to establish a free and independent republic in Ireland: that

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by force, manufacturing weaponry and explosives at a number of locations in Dublin. Unlike those of 1798, preparations for the uprising were successfully concealed from the government and law enforcement, and though a premature explosion at an arms depot attracted the attention of police, they were

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A 1983 article examined statements by Irish republicans on the issue of religion, and found that the attitudes contrasted with "the commonsense view" that Sinn Féin and the Provisional IRA supported Catholics and opposed Protestants. There has been long-standing mutual dislike between the Catholic

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De Valera, who had strongly supported the Republican anti-treaty side in the Civil War, reconsidered his views while in jail and came to accept the ideas of political activity under the terms of the Free State constitution. Rather than abstaining from Free State politics entirely, he now sought to

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However, failed communications and arrangements produced a considerably smaller force than had been anticipated. Nonetheless, the rebellion began in Dublin on the evening of 23 July. Emmet's forces were unable to take Dublin Castle, and the rising broke down into rioting, which ensued sporadically

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had originally desired for the name of the party to simply be "The Republican Party", however, Éamon de Valera muted that idea in favour of a name inspired by the Irish language and culture. Since the 1930s and 1940s, a period which saw Fianna Fáil imprison physical force Republicans en masse, to

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Throughout the 1970s and 1980s the conflict continued claiming thousands of lives, with the UVF (and other loyalist groups) extending attacks into the Republic of Ireland and the IRA launching attacks on targets in England. However some things slowly began to change. In the 1980s Provisional Sinn

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wrote "Unlike the near contemporaneous public funerals in Third Republic France, which were civic ceremonies, Irish nationalist funerals were demonstrations of opposition and resistance. The making of martyrs out of former rebels marked the rise of a nationalist counter-hegemony that challenged

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would raise the public profile of the movement by their evocation of martyrdom and highlighting of prisoner maltreatment. Support from America proved both lucrative and troublesome as transatlantic members waged a dynamite campaign in Britain. A total of twenty-five major explosions beset Irish

3276:, a Young Irelander, addressing the peace resolutions, delivered his 'Sword Speech', in which he stated, "I do not abhor the use of arms in the vindication of national rights ... Be it for the defence, or be it for the assertion of a nation's liberty, I look upon the sword as a sacred weapon." 3540:

was proclaimed, albeit without significant popular support. The Rising was suppressed after six days, and most of its leaders were executed by the British authorities. This was a turning point in Irish history, leading to the War of Independence and the end of British rule in most of Ireland.

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Today the republican movement can be divided into moderates who wish to reunite with the Republic through peaceful means and dissident republicans who wish to continue an armed campaign. Ideological divides in Northern republicanism has its origins in the late 1970s. Dissidents emphasis the

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Furthermore, the government of Great Britain sought to replace Irish politicians in the Irish parliament with pro-Union politicians, and rewards were granted to those that vacated their seats, with the result being that in the eighteen months prior to the decision in 1800, one-fifth of the

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The (mainly Catholic) Nationalist population in Northern Ireland, besides feeling politically alienated, was also economically alienated, often with worse living standards compared to their Protestant (mainly Unionist) neighbours, with fewer job opportunities, and living in ghettos in

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In late July 2005, the IRA announced that the armed conflict was over and that their weapons were to be put out of use. A large stock of weapons was reportedly "decommissioned" later that year. Some Unionists disputed the claim that this represented the entire stock of IRA weaponry.

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importance of ideology and reject reformism, regarding institutional change as ineffective and whitewashing. Dissidents assert that basis of armed republicanism is sovereignty rather than equality. Some dissidents support the emergence of peace while critiquing the political means.

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travelled there in 1940; he died later that year after falling ill on a U-boat that was bringing him back to Ireland (possibly with a view to starting a German sponsored revolution in Ireland). Suspected republicans were interned on both sides of the border, for different reasons.

2787:, over who should be the overall leader and thus have rights to an Irish throne if the project was a success. A third option was to resolve the conflict between the two factions before an invasion by making them family, with a marriage proposed between Hugh O'Donnell's sister 5890:

are sectarian attacks on Protestants by claiming that they attack these groups because they are seen as complicit in "the oppression of the nationalist people" and not because of the religious beliefs of the members. However, a series of attacks in the Troubles, such as the

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lines and the proportions of each religious denomination ensured that there would never be a change of government. In local government, constituency boundaries were drawn to divide nationalist communities into two or even three constituencies and so weaken their effect (see

3401:, a member of the Irish Confederation, which Stephens and the Fenians had organised — having "recognized the potential of street parades for mobilizing supporters and influencing onlookers". The popularity endowed by the procession and oration established the tradition of 5853:

was used to organise republican action with little regard to class conflict. Class politics – coupled with the Northern Irish civil rights movement - have been credited by some republicans to have unduly demilitarised the movement, especially at the onset of the Troubles.

3738:, left a bitter legacy in Irish politics for decades to follow. In October 1923 mass hunger strikes were undertaken by Irish republican prisoners protesting the continuation of their internment without trial by the newly formed Irish Free State - three men died during the 8739: 5895:, that collectively killed 130 Protestant civilians were classified as "sectarian" in Malcolm Sutton's work on those killed during the Troubles. This makes sectarian killings of civilians 7% of the total killings attributed to the IRA (1,823), as opposed to the 5863:

hierarchy and the Republican movement, with the latter seeing the former as complicit in British occupation of Ireland. In Belfast, during the time of partition, republicanism was rejected by the majority of the Catholic population, including the clergy.

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and was regarded by the British as a Dominion, like Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. Furthermore, the claim to the whole of the island did not reflect practical reality and inflamed anti-Dublin sentiment among northern Protestants.

3610:

in December that same year. These actions, together with the popularity of the republican ideals in Ireland and repression of republican political expressions by the British government, led to widespread support across Ireland for the Irish rebels.

3754:, the country became a sovereign state along with the other Dominions and the United Kingdom. The following year, De Valera was appointed President of the Executive Council of the Free State and began a slow process of turning the country from a 4058:, sending a large number of troops into Northern Ireland to stop the intercommunal violence. Initially welcomed by some Catholics as protectors, later events such as Bloody Sunday and the Falls Road curfew turned many against the British Army. 6170:. They called for a "one and indivisible" Ireland, but found little support as those already of the anti-partition mindset were already aligned with Fianna Fáil, and were not favourable to those who had previously been in Cumann na nGaedhael. 6225:

style politics that suited the new political era of post-World War 2 Europe. Initially, they hoped to overtake Fianna Fáil as the main republican party in Irish politics and were projected to do very well, but savvy electoral manoeuvring by

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republicanise it from within. However, he and his supporters —which included most Sinn Féin TDs – failed to convince a majority of the anti-treaty Sinn Féin of these views and the movement split again. In 1926, he formed a new party called

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November 1905 was notable for two things: the decision, by a majority vote (with Griffith dissenting), to open branches and organise on a national basis; and the presentation by Griffith of his 'Hungarian' policy, which was now called the

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report said the group was "a small political grouping based on revolutionary socialist principles". While it continues to be a political association, albeit, with aggressive protest activities, it was not seen as paramilitary in

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and by 1976 the vast majority of the original membership had moved on from the party. It was formally wound up in 1984, after a period in which a far-right group has usurped the party's name and used it for their own ends for a

5744:), and rejection of British police and court systems, which has led to republicans developing alternatives. Several Irish Republican political parties have, however, contested Northern Irish local elections since the 1970s. 3252:, opposed the use of physical force to enact repeal, and passed 'peace resolutions' declaring that violence and force were not to be employed. Though the Young Irelanders did not support the use of violence, the writers of 6010:

spoke often of forming a coalition which would produce a "Republican programme for Government". Some suggested this choice of language was chosen to encourage Fianna Fáil to work with Sinn Féin under a united "Republican"

4020:. By 1968, Europe as a whole was engulfed in a struggle between radicalism and conservativism. In Sinn Féin, the same debate raged. The dominant analysis was that Protestant Irishmen and women would never be bombed into a 3394:. The term became popular and is still in use, especially in Northern Ireland and Scotland, where it has expanded to refer to all Irish nationalists and republicans, as well as being a pejorative term for Irish Catholics. 6260:

were dismissed from cabinet following allegations they were involved in arranging for the IRA to be supplied with weaponry. The fallout of this caused many Fianna Fáil members to resign, amongst them Fianna Fáil minister

6054:. The party continues to operate on an abstentionist basis: it would not take seats in the assemblies of either the Republic of Ireland or Northern Ireland because it views neither as legitimate. It is linked to the 3954:(albeit not to the same extent) among Protestants as well, on the other hand the economic situation in Northern Ireland (even for Catholics) was for a long time arguably still better than in the Republic of Ireland. 4168:. However, violent Republican action didn't cease, giving Unionism and Britain less reason to work with violent Republicans. This situation changed in 1992–93 with Hume's-Adams' talks producing a commitment from 8782: 5870:

often upheld the morality of parish priests and pastors of all Christian denominations rather than bishops and church leaders, with respect for the Christian tradition of social justice. The article said that

6221:. The party contained a broad political spectrum of Irish republicans, from former Communists to "traditionalist" republicans. The party settled on a centre-left platform promoting Social Democracy and 4131:

was carried out over a seven-month period with the goal of re-establishing the prisoners political status. This hunger strike drew worldwide attention due to the deaths of ten hunger strikers including

4053:

By mid-1969 the violence in Northern Ireland exploded. Consistent with their new political ideology, the IRA declined to intervene. By late August, the British government had to intervene and declare a

3857:. However, six out of the nine counties of Ulster remained part of the United Kingdom as Northern Ireland. During this time (1920–1922) the newly formed Northern Ireland saw "savage and unprecedented" 3449:

on 2 June. It was in reference to Fenians fighting in this battle that the name "Irish Republican Army" was first used. These attacks (and those that followed) in Canada are collectively known as the "

3425:. The Fenians had always planned an armed rebellion, but there was now disagreement as to how and where this rebellion might be carried out. Roberts' faction preferred focusing all military efforts on 3256:

maintained that the introduction of these peace resolutions was poorly timed, and that to declare outright that physical force would never be used was 'to deliver themselves bound hand and foot to the

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A proclamation of independence, addressed from 'The Provisional Government' to 'The People of Ireland' was produced by Emmet, echoing the republican sentiments expressed during the previous rebellion:

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group, was also concerned, and claimed that he feared these resolutions were an attempt to exclude the Young Irelanders from the Association altogether. At an Association meeting held in July 1846 at

14970: 4214:(RIRA). The Continuity and Real IRA have both engaged in attacks not only against the British and loyalists, but even against their fellow nationalists (members of Sinn Féin, the SDLP and IRA). 7983: 5523: 8025: 6092:(INLA) which has decommissioned recently. It claims to follow the principles of republican socialism as set out by the 1916 rebellion leader Connolly and radical 20th-century trade unionist 3853:) counties Fermanagh and Tyrone had Sinn Féin/Nationalist Party (Irish Parliamentary Party) majorities. In 1921, Ireland was partitioned. Most of the country became part of the independent 3691:

Michael Collins became Commander-in-Chief of the National Army. Shortly afterwards, some dissidents, apparently without the authorisation of the anti-Treaty IRA Army Executive, occupied the

3501:. Nationalist rebellions against British rule in 1803, by Robert Emmet, 1848 (by the Young Irelanders) and 1865 and 1867 (by the Fenians) were followed by harsh reprisals by British forces. 14990: 2555:

of 1998. The PIRA have since decommissioned and republicans have been elected to various echelons of government: those within the movement opposed to this outcome are often referred to as

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provided a basis for the movement, with groups forming across the island in hopes of independence. Parliamentary defeats provoked uprisings and armed campaigns, quashed by British forces.

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saw them falter in their first election. After they entered a coalition that included the traditional opponents of Irish republicanism, Fine Gael and ran into political turmoil over the

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elected by universal suffrage. The new Constitution removed all reference to the monarchy but foreign diplomats continued to present their credentials to the King in accordance with the

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Though many across the country were unhappy with the Anglo-Irish Treaty (since, during the war, the IRA had fought for independence for all Ireland and for a republic, not a partitioned

2905:. Degradation in the legal achievement of these outcomes, coupled with the burgeoning perception of England as a foreign conqueror, inspired revolutionary sentiment and eventual action. 3060:

voted to abolish itself in the Acts of Union 1800, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, by a vote of 158 to 115. A number of tactics were used to achieve this end.

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party, while the anti-Treaty republicans retained the Sinn Féin name. The IRA itself split between pro-Treaty and anti-Treaty elements, with the former forming the nucleus of the new

5947:, publicly arguing for the validity of its armed campaign. Its policy platform combines civic nationalism with democratic socialist views on economic and social issues. It is led by 2509:. Throughout its centuries of existence, it has encompassed various tactics and identities, simultaneously elective and militant and has been both widely supported and iconoclastic. 2646:

In Europe, prior to the 18th and 19th centuries, republics were in a minority and monarchy was the norm, with few long-lasting republics of note at time, such as the fully-fledged

15210: 15062: 15215: 13699: 4979: 2947:. By 1797, the Society of United Irishmen had around 100,000 members. Crossing the religious divide in Ireland, it had a mixed membership of Catholics, Presbyterians, and even 15162: 3497:

Irish republican and other independence movements were suppressed by the British authorities following the merging of Ireland with Britain into the United Kingdom after the

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Republican action, including armed campaigns, continued in the newly-formed state of Northern Ireland, a region of the United Kingdom. Tensions in the territory culminated in

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was founded as an expressly republican party, one born out of Sinn Féin but which dropped abstentionism in order to engage in constitutional politics in Ireland. In fact,

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Campaigns against English presence on the island had occurred prior to the emergence of the Irish republican ideology. In the 1590s and early 1600s, resistance was led by

2520:, amidst World War I, that ended in execution provided the basis for success, including electorally. An Irish republic was declared in 1919 and officialized following the 3680:

during the war, refused to accept the decision of the Dáil and led the opponents of the treaty out of the House. The pro-Treaty republicans organised themselves into the

15263: 15248: 15195: 15147: 15142: 15117: 14975: 14281: 4024:. The only way forward was to have both sides embrace socialism and forget their sectarian hatreds. They resolved to no longer to be drawn into inter-communal violence. 3816:

which had not been repealed. The new state had the objective characteristics of a republic and was referred to as such by de Valera himself, but, it remained within the

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population attempted to resist this occupation, a single, unified political goal did not exist amongst the independent lordships that existed throughout the island. The

15233: 12458: 15172: 15122: 15082: 15035: 15030: 15020: 15005: 15000: 14995: 14980: 14965: 14960: 14950: 14945: 14940: 14935: 4206:

of the UUP and the British government. At the table most of the paramilitary groups (including the IRA and UVF) had representatives. In 1998 when the IRA endorsed the

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of the Constitution defined the national territory to be the whole island, they also confined the state's jurisdiction to the area that had been the Irish Free State.

3421:

In 1865 the Fenian Brotherhood in America had split into two factions. One was led by O'Mahony with Stephens' support. The other, which was more powerful, was led by

15258: 15200: 15137: 15127: 15112: 15087: 15057: 15025: 14985: 2963:

organisation, who were eventually incorporated into the Society. The Society sought to unite the denominations of the island under the simple distinction of Irish.

15077: 15047: 15696: 6265:. Boland left Fianna Fáil and setup Aontacht Éireann to be a more openly republican party in Irish politics. He was joined by the likes of sitting Fianna Fáil TD 6208:

in full effect, there was little appetite or room to grow a political party in Ireland at the time and thus in practical terms Córas na Poblachta did very little.

16793: 15716: 8966: 8893: 4760: 5849:

in the 1920s. Although recurring, socialist thought has proven contentious: class interests prioritised by some while others emphasis nationalist rhetoric. The

10055: 5979:(SDLP) as Northern Ireland's largest nationalist party. As of 2020, it holds seven seats in the British parliament, thirty-seven seats in the Dáil, six in the 795: 15813: 9926: 8122: 6103: 3056:

This perceived threat of further rebellion resulted in the Parliamentary Union between the Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. After some uncertainty, the

2779:

One of the main problems was that within the leadership of the Hispano-Irish diaspora, there were rivalries and factionalism between two primary contenders,

8857: 2666:, the first ever document proposing a republic of Ireland independent from connections to England dates from 1627. Summaries of these plans are held in the 7920: 550: 3572:. Republicans were the primary adversary of these forces, whose warfare included pillaging and extrajudicial executions. Both sides used similar tactics: 12009: 3849:

The area that was to become Northern Ireland amounted to six of the nine counties of Ulster, in spite of the fact that in the last all Ireland election (

6058:, whose goals are the overthrow of British rule in Northern Ireland and the unification of the island to form an independent country. In November 2009, 16798: 9675: 6125: 623: 17: 8992: 7952: 4046:. In the 1960s it was relaunched by militant loyalists, encouraged by certain politicians, to oppose any attempt to reunite Northern Ireland with the 3832:, which "described" the state as the Republic of Ireland (without changing its name or constitutional status), led the British government to pass the 3340:(IRB), fraternal organisations founded in the United States and Ireland respectively with the aim of establishing an independent republic in Ireland. 3192:

movement began in the late 1830s. The term 'Young Ireland' was originally a derogatory one, coined by the press in Britain to describe members of the

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The rejection of the legitimacy of British rule extends to all institutions of the British state. This includes rejection of the British parliament (

3813: 3409:. Popular perception elsewhere deemed the movement as terrorisitic — a persistent perception of republicanism thereafter. Nevertheless, the likes of 2857:

and the old Catholic landowners were permanently dispossessed of their lands. The most explicit Irish separatist viewpoint from the period, found in

2832:

with the aim of restoring lost lands in the north of Ireland and defending Catholic religious and property rights, (which had been suppressed by the

467: 3672:, the Irish parliament, voted by 64 votes to 57 to ratify it, the majority believing that the treaty created a new base from which to move forward. 2867:, a Jesuit priest from Munster, argued instead for a Gaelic monarchy to be set up in an explicitly Catholic Ireland, with no mention of a republic. 8009: 5709:

thereof: "It has embraced ‘militant nationalists, unreconstructed militarists, romantic Fenians, Gaelic Republicans, Catholic sectarians, Northern

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basis, that is, they refuse to take their seats in that parliament as they refuse to accept the right of that body to rule in any part of Ireland.

16655: 14274: 6420: 6332: 5875:"bends over backwards to be sympathetic to men who have expressed consistently anti-Catholic sentiments", including at times the Loyalist leader 4161: 3379:

that I shall preserve inviolable secrecy regarding all the transactions of this secret society that may be confided in me. So help me God! Amen.

2477: 173: 8542: 9665: 9430: 9386: 9363: 9340: 9308: 9254: 9219: 9196: 5310: 8075:

Jarman, Neil (2007). "Vigilantism, Transition and Legitimacy: Informal Policing in Northern Ireland". In Pratten, David; Sen, Atreyee (eds.).

5967:) in 1970, because the latter had voted to enter a 'partitionist parliament'. In 1986, it reversed its original policy of not taking seats in 3668:), some republicans were satisfied that the Treaty was the best that could be achieved at the time. However, a substantial number opposed it. 15875: 6879: 1085: 6788: 3363:, having taken part in the uprising of 1848 and fleeing to avoid capture. O'Mahony left France for America in the mid-1850s and founded the 16922: 16827: 5692: 3144:

the pursuit of this object we will relinquish only with our lives ... We war against no religious sect ... We war against English dominion.

3112:, Dublin for his political views. Like those who had led the 1798 rebellion, Emmet was a member of the United Irishmen, as was his brother 15994: 15418: 15330: 8918: 8807: 8707: 8156: 3703:, responding to this provocation and to intensified British pressure following the assassination by an anti-treaty IRA unit in London of 3162:, but was captured on 25 August and hanged on 20 September 1803, at which point the Society of United Irishmen was effectively finished. 3065: 16841: 14267: 10048: 6192:, it had seen a swing heavily to the right. Córas na Poblachta reflected that, the party entertaining relations with the Fascist party 6017:

is a socialist republican political party that formed by a small group of community and political activists who had left Sinn Féin, in

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on 22 August and participated in the fighting on the rebels' side. Even though they had considerable success against British forces in

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As a response to the civil rights campaign, militant loyalist paramilitary groups started to emerge in the Protestant community. The

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saw that this pledge was never realised, and as such Catholics were not granted the rights that had been promised prior to the Acts.

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of the late 19th/early 20th century when coining the party's name. Costello led other former Official IRA members dissatisfied with

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in April 1866. Following this failure, the Roberts faction of the Fenian Brotherhood carried out its own, occupying the village of

2885:

The origin of modern Irish republicanism exists in the ideology and action of the United Irishmen. Founded in 1791 and informed by

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who led traditional republicans in a break with Sinn Féin over the ending of the policy of abstention in relation to elections to

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were an Irish republican party set up in 1940, supported by elements of the IRA. With the IRA at this point under the control of

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in the 12th century, Ireland, or parts of it, had experienced alternating degrees of rule from England. While some of the native

2034: 203: 6036:

is a socialist republican party created in 2016. It is associated with dissident Republicans and is alleged to have ties to the

3993:

In the late 1960s, Irish political activists groups found parallels with their struggle against religious discrimination in the

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Irish republicans view British rule in any part of Ireland as an inherently illegitimate, foreign regime. A variant of this is

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to draw attention to the blatant discrimination. Republicans, largely demilitarised at the time, engaged considerably with the

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changed its representation due to these activities and other factors such as death. It was also promised by Prime Minister

3061: 2927:. The founding members of the United Irishmen were mainly Southern Irish Protestant aristocrats. The key founders included 2258: 805: 737: 555: 7026: 2175: 16907: 16048: 15961: 15918: 15177: 14322: 14219: 11867: 11611: 11555: 11541: 11492: 10665: 10307: 9653: 5826: 5566: 5438: 5368: 5243: 4924: 2470: 2328: 1954: 1645: 291: 228: 7888: 4066:

Divisions began to emerge in the Republican movement between leftists and traditional militants. The leader of the IRA,

16813: 16577: 16480: 15974: 15885: 15660: 15463: 15423: 15411: 15406: 15394: 15322: 14646: 14519: 11908: 11901: 10349: 10104: 9831: 6128:, a militant dissident republican paramilitary group. That group committed to a ceasefire in 2017, which RNU supported. 6121: 5976: 5591: 5576: 5551: 5410: 5373: 5283: 5081: 4199: 3696: 2659: 2345: 2155: 1615: 10920: 9642: 8883: 16932: 15670: 15389: 13682: 13495: 11338: 11240: 10864: 10679: 10169: 9612: 9271: 9113: 8443: 8245: 7460: 7241: 7215: 7098: 7077: 6998: 6977: 6956: 6923: 6865: 6816: 6753: 6729: 6705: 6684: 6660: 6639: 6579: 6558: 6446: 6388: 6364: 6026: 5944: 5800: 5263: 5248: 5086: 4084: 3773:

as an example for Ireland to follow. Several hundred supporters of O'Duffy briefly went to Spain to volunteer on the

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declaration of "no selfish, strategic or economic interest in Northern Ireland.", causing uproar amongst strands of

16927: 16836: 15860: 15492: 15435: 15375: 15097: 14626: 14349: 11796: 11674: 11499: 10956: 10892: 9670: 9637: 8828: 6081: 6065: 6055: 5685: 5403: 5288: 5258: 5253: 5149: 5126: 5036: 4984: 4883: 4237: 4145: 3513: 2303: 1974: 1024: 1016: 596: 581: 507: 404: 75: 8106: 7753:"The Malleability of Memory and Irish Republican Memory Entrepreneurship: A Case Study of the 'Loughgall Martyrs'" 4597: 4210:

between nationalist and unionist parties and both governments, another small group split from the IRA to form the

2215: 16473: 16100: 15546: 14375: 12089: 11927: 11817: 11604: 8850: 7640: 7368:"Black v Chrétien: Suing a Minister of the Crown for Abuse of Power, Misfeasance in Public Office and Negligence" 6131: 5767: 5601: 5498: 4944: 4909: 4770: 4765: 4115:(prisoner of war rather than criminal status) for convicted paramilitary prisoners. Republican prisoners began a 4108:

began attracting working-class Protestant loyalists who felt alienated by the UUP's overtures towards Catholics.

3257: 2854: 2627: 903: 893: 765: 709: 540: 7904: 6106:, which allowed for the legalisation of abortion in Ireland in 2018. As of 2020, Aontú has one TD; party leader 482: 16105: 16001: 15675: 15655: 15610: 15308: 14872: 14729: 14425: 14344: 11464: 11191: 11015: 11008: 10878: 10871: 10398: 9846: 9622: 9617: 9459: 6089: 6069: 5493: 5463: 5295: 5144: 5076: 4080: 3925: 3921: 3677: 3665: 3553: 3219: 2853:

government of Ireland for a brief period until 1649, when the forces of the English Parliament carried out the

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and liberal Protestants,’" Recurrent ideals include national self-determination and ethno-religious identity.

2230: 16083: 15792: 15706: 14576: 13665: 11527: 11310: 10541: 10022: 9896: 6322:

The legitimacy and recognition of republican prisoners is a central concern of republican thought and action.

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in April 2006 as a political campaigns group, and became a full-fledged political party at the party's first

5518: 5451: 5353: 4893: 4871: 4780: 3704: 1600: 261: 8047:

Livingstone, Stephen (2001). "The Judiciary and Legal Profession in Transition". In Harvey, Colin J. (ed.).

3068:

were known to use bribery extensively. In all, a total of sixteen Irish borough-owners were granted British

2210: 16917: 16902: 16740: 16058: 15984: 15834: 15767: 15691: 15565: 15522: 15289: 14773: 13938: 11988: 11576: 11247: 11036: 11001: 10065: 9815: 9757: 9507: 9227: 7946: 6235: 6113: 5378: 4844: 3829: 3533: 3337: 3322: 3248:

The Young Irelanders eventually seceded from the Repeal Association. The leader of the Repeal Association,

3206: 2668: 2631: 2572: 2425: 2388: 2308: 2268: 2170: 2165: 1071: 1006: 996: 898: 815: 679: 409: 9607: 3750:("Soldiers of Destiny"), taking most of Sinn Féin's TDs with him. In 1931, following the enactment of the 719: 16078: 15451: 14514: 13138: 12403: 12002: 11782: 11716: 11184: 11121: 10940: 10810: 10502: 10162: 9721: 8605:"Armalite, the ballot box and memorialization: Sinn Féin and the state in post-conflict Northern Ireland" 6270: 6003: 5964: 5730: 5678: 5508: 5300: 5270: 5186: 5171: 5166: 5156: 4849: 4824: 4682: 4002: 3850: 3751: 3560:, the British government formed a paramilitary police force consisting of former soldiers, known as the " 3410: 2160: 810: 643: 497: 316: 193: 95: 6313:

British hegemony by audaciously occupying a public sphere previously dominated by imperial iconography."

5879:, as they are seen as fellow Irish citizens whereas the British forces are seen as the principal enemy. 3758:

to a constitutional republic, thus fulfilling Collins's prediction of "the freedom to achieve freedom".

16912: 16783: 16422: 16088: 15782: 14907: 14670: 14542: 14412: 13709: 13584: 13189: 13158: 12543: 11995: 11981: 11860: 11803: 11653: 10973: 10899: 10736: 10704: 10686: 10637: 10446: 10439: 9660: 9602: 9497: 9057: 6193: 5338: 4914: 4738: 4211: 3808:

in English) and asserted its national territory as the whole of Ireland. The new state was headed by a

3796:

by the majority of the population of the Free State. The constitution changed the name of the state to

3446: 3364: 2876: 2864: 2584: 2263: 1964: 1635: 888: 868: 732: 704: 684: 653: 525: 178: 10913: 6424: 492: 16490: 16346: 16066: 15880: 15802: 15787: 15772: 15620: 15555: 15517: 15507: 15497: 15357: 14499: 14392: 14312: 13670: 13505: 13133: 11853: 11331: 10806: 10275: 9690: 9680: 9557: 8179: 7752: 7343: 6159: 5984: 5887: 5433: 5360: 5230: 5139: 4888: 4866: 4859: 4101: 3962: 3739: 3557: 3490: 3462: 3288: 3005:, rebel forces were eventually defeated. Key figures in the organisation were arrested and executed. 2592: 2521: 2273: 2240: 2140: 2135: 1805: 1422: 941: 606: 601: 183: 16508: 13470: 7869:"Ceasefire: The Impact of Republican Political Culture on the Ceasefire Process in Northern Ireland" 6500: 6047: 4088: 326: 296: 16735: 15865: 15479: 14864: 14010: 13444: 13420: 12746: 11836: 11824: 11810: 11632: 11562: 11478: 11422: 11366: 11090: 11070: 11056: 10994: 10831: 10658: 10335: 10261: 9931: 9911: 5488: 5385: 4999: 4904: 4647: 4128: 4043: 3623: 3565: 3261: 3237: 3085: 2824:('Irishmen United for God, King and Country'), with any idea of a republic ditched. Beginning as a 2788: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2190: 1765: 1168: 878: 520: 502: 218: 163: 6876: 6593: 4512: 2763: 1545: 966: 331: 16803: 16752: 16468: 16220: 15969: 15829: 15635: 15580: 15570: 15537: 15370: 15282: 15167: 15157: 15107: 15010: 14813: 14716: 13721: 13369: 12915: 12634: 12453: 12343: 12023: 11881: 11702: 11506: 11450: 11275: 11261: 11212: 11156: 11029: 10791: 10300: 10132: 9982: 9956: 9916: 9800: 9105: 6785: 6231: 6205: 5896: 5883: 5619: 5456: 5446: 5328: 5318: 5106: 5056: 5021: 4839: 4797: 4792: 4755: 4750: 4157: 4112: 3828:, leader of the coalition government, announced his intention to declare Ireland a republic. The 3817: 3789: 3755: 3734:, telling IRA members to dump arms. However, the harsh measures adopted by both sides, including 3685: 3588: 3348: 3284: 3200:

which joined the Kingdom of Ireland and the Kingdom of Great Britain) who were involved with the

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whom the Old English were strongly attached to. The motto of the Confederation would thus become

2803: 2692: 2543:, who waged a campaign against the British state for approximately three decades. Represented by 2506: 2323: 2313: 2278: 1994: 1640: 1231: 1143: 790: 780: 714: 535: 361: 148: 143: 133: 100: 14631: 11789: 7262:

Davis, Richard P. (1974). Arthur Griffith and non-violent Sinn Féin. Dublin: Anvil Books. p. 21.

6470: 6043: 5972: 5899:, of whose 1,027 killings, 70% or 718 were deliberate sectarian killings of Catholic civilians. 4692: 4617: 3384:

The term "Fenian" was coined by O'Mahony, who named the American wing of the movement after the

2908: 414: 16823: 16700: 16326: 15846: 15701: 15590: 15541: 15152: 14690: 14380: 14189: 14108: 14071: 13143: 12433: 12428: 11695: 11667: 11408: 11254: 10966: 10328: 10139: 10012: 9901: 9886: 9778: 9714: 9168:

Aoife Ui Phaolain (2014). "Language Revival and conflicting identities in Irish independence".

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The Black and Tans: British Police and Auxiliaries in the Irish War of Independence, 1920-1921

8915: 8804: 8704: 8138: 4954: 3985:

in the mid-50s was the last attempt at traditional military action and was an abject failure.

1447: 16485: 16456: 15989: 14900: 14733: 14675: 14417: 14407: 13955: 13770: 13515: 13415: 12786: 12629: 12608: 11846: 11737: 11639: 11583: 11520: 11429: 11296: 11219: 10729: 10708: 10432: 10235: 8884:"Opinion: I went to the Saoradh party conference to see where radical republicanism is going" 6201: 6135: 5959:" Sinn Féin by the media and commentators, having split from what later became known as the " 5333: 5096: 5091: 5061: 5051: 4989: 4697: 4602: 4291: 4207: 4153: 3994: 3929: 3700: 3089: 3057: 3018: 2952: 2902: 2836: 2673: 2672:

in Belgium and were made familiar to Irish historians by the work of Fr. Brendan Jennings, a

2655: 2552: 2378: 2200: 2014: 1895: 1507: 1487: 1397: 1241: 1123: 976: 961: 825: 223: 11723: 7709:"The Hume-Adams Talks - The Downing Street Declaration, 1993 - GCSE History Revision - CCEA" 6594:"A new age or just the same old cycle of extirpation? Massacre and the 1798 Irish rebellion" 6185: 4136:. During the 20th century a total of 22 Irish Republicans have died while on hunger strike. 3525:

policy. This meeting is usually taken as the date of the foundation of the Sinn Féin party.

3397:

Public support for the Fenian movement in Ireland grew in November 1861 with the funeral of

472: 16855: 16622: 16393: 16370: 16155: 16041: 15895: 15870: 15739: 15560: 15532: 14695: 14685: 14509: 14098: 13970: 13704: 13354: 12751: 12674: 12483: 12408: 11681: 11380: 11289: 11198: 11177: 11063: 9946: 9871: 9810: 9805: 7708: 6284: 5830: 5814: 5734: 5634: 5624: 5004: 4974: 4743: 4445: 4339: 4329: 4264: 4259: 4245: 4096:

date. Nowadays the term 'Irish Republican Army' almost always denotes the Provisional IRA.

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The Men of No Property: Irish Radicals and Popular Politics in the Late Eighteenth Century

9020: 8504:"The Place of the First World War in Contemporary Irish Republicanism in Northern Ireland" 7799:"Dissident and dissenting republicanism: From the Good Friday/Belfast Agreement to Brexit" 5782: 2607:

dynasties were confiscated and given to Protestant settlers ("Planters") from England and

853: 8: 16730: 16632: 16528: 16416: 16261: 15951: 15851: 15527: 15384: 15365: 15319: 14833: 14680: 14593: 14526: 14504: 14459: 14429: 14402: 14317: 14247: 13985: 13854: 13765: 13744: 13677: 13500: 13374: 13194: 13179: 13174: 13128: 13103: 12776: 12669: 12654: 12468: 12287: 12082: 11953: 11625: 11149: 11022: 10838: 10798: 10598: 10314: 9951: 9941: 9861: 9789: 9783: 9773: 8740:"John Downing: Martin is at serious risk of becoming the last ever Fianna Fáil Taoiseach" 7530: 6935: 6174: 6155: 5952: 5710: 5390: 5218: 4964: 4829: 4717: 4652: 4472: 4386: 4354: 4334: 4269: 4165: 4047: 3862: 3681: 3587:

demanding release from prison, and reinstatement of their status as political prisoners (

3249: 3215: 3183: 3046: 2960: 2936: 2890: 2844: 2720: 2716: 2696: 2663: 2635: 2338: 2205: 2115: 2004: 1517: 1299: 1289: 1284: 1173: 971: 913: 530: 477: 336: 16557: 13384: 7367: 6241: 452: 16757: 16690: 16685: 16612: 16595: 16513: 16200: 16195: 16128: 15757: 15625: 15575: 15512: 15487: 15483: 15401: 15345: 14876: 14818: 14758: 14386: 14151: 13882: 13775: 13739: 13660: 13615: 13510: 13336: 13227: 13184: 13113: 12920: 12695: 12463: 12448: 12443: 12438: 12348: 12205: 12161: 11646: 11485: 11394: 11352: 11317: 11282: 11205: 10644: 10516: 10488: 10453: 10190: 10118: 9876: 9751: 9540: 9512: 9452: 9424: 9380: 9357: 9334: 9302: 9248: 9213: 9190: 9079: 8943: 8671: 8417: 8408:

Berman, David; Lalor, Stephen; Torode, Brian (Summer 1983). "The Theology of the IRA".

8390: 8381:

Berman, David; Lalor, Stephen; Torode, Brian (Summer 1983). "The Theology of the IRA".

8363: 8354:

Berman, David; Lalor, Stephen; Torode, Brian (Summer 1983). "The Theology of the IRA".

8324: 8315:

Berman, David; Lalor, Stephen; Torode, Brian (Summer 1983). "The Theology of the IRA".

7665: 7657: 7606: 7588: 6215: 6211: 6107: 5892: 5838: 4919: 4667: 4657: 4637: 4607: 4557: 4537: 4522: 4408: 4359: 4281: 4055: 4035: 3895: 3647: 3619: 3615: 3592: 3573: 3569: 3517: 3498: 3442: 3438: 3422: 3352: 3333: 3197: 3193: 3179: 3158:

throughout the night. Emmet escaped and hid for some time in the Wicklow Mountains and

3113: 3073: 3014: 2940: 2807: 2796: 2755: 2728: 2651: 2604: 2419: 2393: 2235: 2225: 2195: 2150: 2095: 2081: 1944: 1885: 1660: 1575: 1294: 873: 648: 457: 138: 6227: 3673: 276: 16788: 16718: 16438: 16300: 16165: 16071: 16021: 15936: 15797: 15711: 14838: 14828: 14721: 14598: 14571: 14547: 14015: 13990: 13980: 13716: 13689: 13570: 13425: 13410: 13405: 13364: 13359: 13264: 13153: 13108: 13098: 13090: 12761: 12715: 12705: 12551: 12378: 12358: 12317: 11946: 11874: 11471: 11233: 10987: 10980: 10282: 9851: 9763: 9437: 9267: 9147: 9109: 9069: 8744: 8663: 8659: 8624: 8556: 8523: 8439: 8297: 8241: 8199: 8146: 8112: 8080: 8052: 8015: 7910: 7880: 7864: 7818: 7772: 7688: 7669: 7580: 7466: 7456: 7431: 7406: 7351: 7237: 7211: 7094: 7073: 6994: 6973: 6952: 6919: 6861: 6812: 6770: 6749: 6725: 6701: 6680: 6656: 6635: 6613: 6575: 6554: 6520: 6474: 6442: 6384: 6360: 6238:. Their influence waned throughout the 1950s and they were formally wound up by 1965. 6051: 6007: 5968: 5948: 5666: 5046: 4969: 4939: 4552: 4484: 4462: 4369: 4319: 4274: 4180: 4149: 3998: 3866: 3858: 3778: 3669: 3595: 3430: 3223: 3201: 3159: 3038: 3034: 2971: 2886: 2430: 2403: 2180: 2120: 2100: 1984: 1755: 1665: 1417: 1314: 1102: 321: 306: 90: 16294: 16031: 14259: 10651: 9535: 9053:

Defying the IRA? Intimidation, Coercion, and Communities During the Irish Revolution

6134:(AIA) are a socialist republican organisation founded in 2017 the group opposes the 6088:'s policies and tactics. The party quickly organised a paramilitary wing called the 5980: 4577: 3781:, and a smaller number of ex-IRA members, communists and others participated on the 3374:

The original oath of the society, drawn up by Luby under Stephens' direction, read:

2827: 1700: 1158: 591: 16647: 16627: 16448: 16403: 15777: 15458: 15440: 15327: 14823: 14789: 14454: 14370: 14044: 14005: 13960: 13947: 13867: 13846: 13749: 13694: 13379: 13199: 13118: 12930: 12710: 12649: 12539: 12418: 12413: 12383: 12353: 12307: 12269: 12135: 11443: 10495: 10363: 10204: 9936: 9891: 9685: 9545: 9403: 9139: 9061: 8655: 8616: 8548: 8515: 8289: 8191: 7810: 7764: 7649: 7572: 6605: 6512: 6466: 6167: 5834: 5706: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5305: 5161: 4994: 4687: 4627: 4612: 4587: 4582: 4374: 4344: 4314: 4184: 4175: 3909: 3854: 3833: 3825: 3770: 3765:, a quasi-fascist group led by a former War of Independence and pro-Treaty leader, 3716: 3708: 3651: 3398: 3360: 2919:

At this stage, the movement was led primarily by liberal Protestants, particularly

2413: 2373: 2090: 1924: 1830: 1730: 1715: 1625: 1555: 1462: 1457: 1432: 1339: 1319: 1304: 1163: 1011: 689: 576: 341: 70: 10534: 8503: 8195: 7768: 6516: 6244:

were an Irish republican party set up in 1971 following a major political rift in

6218: 6151: 4087:(also called Provos, traditional nationalist republicans). The Provos were led by 3414:

nationalism's perception and dictated Britain's approach towards Ireland and the "

1745: 1655: 462: 301: 16747: 16675: 16670: 16500: 16378: 16305: 15946: 15630: 15605: 14763: 14337: 14087: 14025: 13965: 13928: 13900: 13862: 13827: 13807: 13590: 13580: 13565: 13452: 13259: 13123: 12886: 12741: 12700: 12690: 12534: 12473: 12393: 12388: 12373: 12368: 12281: 12044: 11960: 11597: 10576: 10405: 10391: 10342: 10321: 10215: 10197: 9795: 9576: 9125:

Troubles of the Past? History, Identity and Collective Memory in Northern Ireland

8922: 8811: 8711: 8519: 7030: 6883: 6792: 6609: 6253: 6197: 6163: 6085: 6073: 5909: 4632: 4542: 4507: 4425: 4324: 4296: 4116: 4067: 3766: 3712: 3655: 3631: 3627: 3603: 3576:, arson attacks, taking of hostages and executions. Republicans also established 3549: 3509: 3402: 3356: 2920: 2811: 2732: 2525: 2453: 2145: 2130: 1770: 1650: 1610: 1585: 1565: 1512: 1497: 1349: 1344: 1213: 1208: 1198: 1153: 1128: 1047: 991: 981: 956: 863: 638: 286: 271: 188: 10377: 6266: 6189: 6102:, who split from Sinn Féin in 2019 in opposition to the party's support for the 5778: 5733:, which also rejects the Republic of Ireland because of its tacit acceptance of 3974: 2711:

of 1625–1630. Proposals were made at Madrid, with the involvement of Archbishop

1550: 1377: 351: 16882: 16778: 16617: 16605: 16383: 15446: 15430: 15380: 14588: 14294: 14126: 14116: 14092: 14039: 13995: 13910: 13890: 13872: 13817: 13812: 13780: 13625: 13605: 13430: 13331: 13310: 13305: 12942: 12876: 12871: 12860: 12841: 12835: 12831: 12644: 12639: 12598: 12525: 12511: 12423: 12398: 12363: 12322: 12312: 12248: 12235: 12175: 12119: 12111: 12102: 12075: 12037: 11967: 10630: 10569: 10562: 10481: 10460: 10247: 10176: 10146: 10033: 10002: 9856: 9568: 9550: 8916:

Divided We Stand: The Strategy and Psychology of Ireland's Dissident Terrorists

8805:

Divided We Stand: The Strategy and Psychology of Ireland's Dissident Terrorists

8705:

Divided We Stand: The Strategy and Psychology of Ireland's Dissident Terrorists

8237: 8219:

Republicanism, Patriotism and Radicalism: Political Thought in Ireland, 1776-98

7653: 7638:

Sweeney, George (1993). "Irish Hunger Strikes and the Cult of Self-Sacrifice".

7023: 6077: 5718: 5654: 5275: 5213: 4898: 4712: 4702: 4672: 4592: 4567: 4517: 4479: 4457: 4381: 4364: 4349: 4021: 3938: 3720: 3561: 3537: 3415: 3391: 3368: 3211: 3002: 2986: 2944: 2712: 2688: 2647: 2634:). The Irish chieftains were ultimately defeated, leading to their exile (the ' 2502: 2494: 2383: 2110: 2076: 1875: 1865: 1820: 1780: 1775: 1720: 1710: 1705: 1690: 1620: 1605: 1590: 1580: 1492: 1392: 1382: 1372: 1059: 586: 346: 266: 115: 14621: 8620: 8436:

Bear in Mind These Dead: Index of Deaths from the Conflict in Ireland, 1969-93

7798: 7576: 6245: 6014: 5998: 5994: 5846: 3747: 3635: 3577: 3467: 1675: 399: 394: 16896: 16433: 16266: 16140: 15615: 15600: 14475: 14365: 13923: 13895: 13802: 13794: 13536: 13488: 13274: 13222: 12951: 12891: 12881: 12781: 12756: 12547: 11744: 10672: 10548: 10467: 10356: 10268: 10231: 10083: 9881: 9836: 9737: 9528: 9502: 9445: 8888: 8667: 8628: 8552: 8527: 8301: 8277: 8203: 7884: 7868: 7822: 7814: 7776: 7584: 6617: 6524: 6179: 6147:

The following were republican parties in Ireland which are no longer active.

5988: 5741: 5528: 5428: 5423: 5415: 5208: 5031: 4452: 4430: 4415: 4203: 4124: 4120: 4013: 4006: 3913: 3902: 3880: 3824:

In 1948, Fianna Fáil went out of office for the first time in sixteen years.

3584: 3529: 3486: 3472: 3434: 3317: 3297: 3241: 3189: 3171: 3132: 3042: 3027: 2994: 2870: 2704: 2517: 2220: 2054: 2024: 1934: 1840: 1835: 1810: 1790: 1630: 1502: 1477: 1452: 1437: 1427: 1412: 1367: 1133: 1109: 951: 946: 936: 742: 251: 168: 153: 110: 65: 9083: 9051: 7508: 7470: 4812: 3482: 16587: 16523: 16518: 16428: 16411: 16236: 16175: 15665: 15650: 14768: 14241: 14034: 13822: 13346: 13300: 13239: 13148: 12925: 12903: 12896: 12338: 12263: 12253: 12185: 11135: 10787: 10752: 10623: 10605: 10384: 10239: 9906: 9595: 9517: 9417:

The Dynamiters: Irish Nationalism and Political Violence in the wider world

9133: 7841: 6991:

The IRB: The Irish Republican Brotherhood from The Land League to Sinn Féin

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In 1994 the leaders of Northern Ireland's two largest nationalist parties,

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circa 1794. Tone is considered by many as the father of Irish Republicanism

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The Northern Ireland Question: The Peace Process and the Belfast Agreement

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A second attempt at forming an independent Irish republic occurred under

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The outrages, 1920-1: IRA and the Ulster Specials in the Border Campaign

8993:"New IRA set to ramp up terror as OnH defectors swell ranks after death" 8824: 8421: 8394: 8367: 8328: 7685:

Making Sense of the Troubles: a History of the Northern Ireland Conflict

7592: 7560: 4050:, which is how they saw any change in their status vis-a-vis Catholics. 3898:, the breakdown in that election was 56.2% Unionist / 43.8% Nationalist. 3264:, who had previously worked to achieve compromise between O'Connell and 2547:, republicans would gradually invest in political action, including the 2448: 1042: 85: 16818: 16341: 16251: 16215: 16205: 16011: 14711: 14397: 14079: 14067: 13520: 13484: 13284: 13249: 13209: 12801: 12568: 12559: 11974: 10474: 10154: 9961: 9290: 8967:"Óglaigh na hÉireann may be preparing to end its paramilitary campaign" 8675: 8643: 6309: 6059: 4959: 4807: 4802: 4622: 4547: 4440: 4435: 3762: 3556:

as Director of Intelligence and fought against the British. During the

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Though the Rebellion of 1798 was eventually put down, small republican

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by 1969. This prompted paramilitaries: republicans assembled under the

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Critical Engagement: Irish Republicanism, Memory Politics and Policing

7661: 5987:. Sinn Féin members contest elections to the British parliament on an 5524:

Universal League for the Material Elevation of the Industrious Classes

5513: 3973:

the IRA leadership hoped for support from Germany, and chief of staff

3715:. It is believed that Collins continued to fund and supply the IRA in 3076:

were created, while twenty existing Irish peerages increased in rank.

50: 16850: 16571: 16355: 16210: 16185: 16160: 15585: 13479: 12591: 10509: 10125: 8997: 8773:"Republicanism still a potent link between Fianna Fáil and Sinn Féin" 8682: 8544:

Transitional Jurisprudence and the ECHR: Justice, Politics and Rights

8108:

Rhetoric and Violence in Northern Ireland, 1968-98: Hardened to Death

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against the British Army continued for a short time afterward in the

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began. This consisted of a coalition between the Irish Gaels and the

1880: 1560: 1256: 1148: 16536: 16256: 12791: 12497: 8940:

The Troubles in Northern Ireland: A complete history of the conflict

8584: 8231: 16762: 16695: 16360: 16246: 16190: 15595: 14327: 14136: 13600: 13053: 13008: 12972: 12960: 12806: 12766: 12586: 12578: 12573: 12555: 12478: 12215: 12210: 12195: 10254: 7531:"Northern Ireland Parliamentary Election Results 1921-29: Counties" 6839: 6837: 6234:, the party rapidly lost support. However, they were successful in 6222: 6022: 5850: 5705:

Irish republicanism has encompassed various schools of thought and

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The Trouble with Guns: Republican Strategy and the Provisional IRA

7116: 6204:, all of whom had bitterly opposed the IRA in the early 30s. With 6099: 4202:(SDLP) entered into peace negotiations with Unionist leaders like 3092:, though after the Acts of Union were successfully voted through, 2687:

and was formed by exiled Irish Catholic Gaels with the support of

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A Deeper Silence: The Hidden Origins of the United Irish Movement

8049:

Human Rights, Equality and Democratic Renewal in Northern Ireland

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which was controlled for 50 years until 1972 by the conservative

3888: 3598:. Among the most infamous of the Black and Tans actions were the 3359:. Stephens had previously spent time exiled in Paris, along with 3069: 2998: 770: 419: 9706: 9123:

McAuley, James W; Braniff, Máire; Spencer, Graham, eds. (2023).

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Martyrdom and Terrorism: Pre-Modern to Contemporary Perspectives

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The Young Ireland movement culminated in a failed uprising (see

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Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles

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International Entente of Radical and Similar Democratic Parties

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in 1978. In 1980, seven republican prisoners participated in a

3950: 3386: 3329: 3050: 2924: 2843:. In the summer of 1642, the Catholic upper classes formed the 2792: 2616: 1402: 800: 198: 8578:

New Sinn Féin: Irish Republicanism in the Twenty-First Century

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Black Potatoes: The Story of the Great Irish Famine, 1845–1850

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and some meetings of Córas na Poblachta were even attended by

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on 31 May 1866 and engaging Canadian troops at the battles of

3116:, who had been imprisoned for membership in the organisation. 2662:, which had republican aspects. However, as noted by Cardinal 16600: 16170: 14854: 13020: 12826: 12771: 12664: 12258: 12200: 12190: 12148: 12098: 8234:

The United Irishmen: Republicanism, Radicalism, and Rebellion

7188: 7176: 7104: 6716: 6714: 6124:. A number of commentators view RNU as the political wing of 4071:

Republic). Goulding also drove the IRA into an ideologically

4001:

the US against racial discrimination. Student leaders such a

2588: 785: 8475:"CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths - extracts from Sutton's book" 8449:"CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths - extracts from Sutton's book" 7976:"The 'true' republicans: 'Nothing since 1919 is legitimate'" 7561:"'I ran away'? The I.R.A. and 1969: the evolution of a myth" 3355:, Peter Langan, Joseph Denieffe, Garrett O'Shaughnessy, and 3165: 13279: 12816: 12796: 12731: 12564: 8936:"Irish Nationalist & Irish Republican political groups" 8851:"Twentieth Report of the Independent Monitoring Commission" 8723:

Jonathan Tonge (2006), Northern Ireland, Polity, pp.132–133

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are 19th century such as the United Irishmen in the 1790s,

3641: 3591:). Three men died during this time including the Sinn Féin 8335: 7731: 7729: 6910: 6908: 6711: 5975:

was formed. By the early 21st century it had replaced the

4031:(UVF) was the first. The UVF had originally existed among 3920:

This territory of Northern Ireland, as established by the

3580:, a considerable symbol of the movement's public support. 3347:

1858 in Dublin. Members present at the first meeting were

2997:

and other areas of the country. French soldiers landed in

2871:

Society of United Irishmen and the Irish Rebellion of 1798

2695:

who had fled into Spanish service in the aftermath of the

16288: 7607:"The Hunger Strike of 1981 – A Chronology of Main Events" 7489: 7228: 7226: 7224: 7152: 7140: 7128: 6740: 6738: 6671: 6669: 5919:

republic drew upon the past itself in justifying action.

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Since 1998, the IRA and UVF have adhered to a ceasefire.

2955:. It also attracted support and membership from Catholic 14879:

without mentioning nationalism in their official makeup.

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without mentioning nationalism in their official makeup.

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were an Irish republican party set up in 1947 by former

5932:

The following are active republican parties in Ireland.

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Republicans have often denied that their attacks on the

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By then, the IRA was engaged in confrontations with the

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began on 23 May, with the first clashes taking place in

2741:

Arms of 1627 proposed "Captains General of the Republic"

2731:

and set up an Irish government loosely aligned with the

2638:') and the aforementioned Plantation of Ulster in 1609. 2567: 15717:

List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland

8232:

David Dickson; Dáire Keogh; Kevin Whelan, eds. (1993).

8180:"The Northern Ireland Conflict and Colonial Resonances" 8077:

Global Vigilantes: Perspectives on Justice and Violence

7948:

The Dynamics of Conflict: Transforming Northern Ireland

7726: 7687:(3rd ed.). London, England: Penguin. p. 208. 6905: 6375: 6373: 4761:

Association of Radicals for the United States of Europe

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and further provoked by government inaction during the

10854: 9467: 8825:"éirígí Becomes a Political Party – Indymedia Ireland" 7221: 6735: 6666: 6236:

formally declaring that Ireland was a Republic in 1948

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replaced Ó Brádaigh as leader of Republican Sinn Féin.

4179:

The funeral procession of Irish republican politician

2082: 14289: 13012: 9122: 8688: 8590: 8547:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 55. 7477: 7313: 7285:. Dublin: Griffith College Publications. p. 101. 6531: 2901:, they initially propagated parliamentary reform and 2791:

and Shane O'Neill, but this broke down. Ministers in

15447:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

13398: 7951:(PhD thesis). Syracuse University. pp. 26, 35. 7325: 6370: 3839: 3583:

In August 1920 Irish Republican prisoners went on a

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Ceasefires of the Provisional IRA, UVF, UDA and RHC

9666:Óglaigh na hÉireann (Continuity IRA splinter group) 9023:(Podcast). "The Others" The Alan Kinsella Podcast. 7428:

Nationalism and Independence: Selected Irish Papers

6501:"Republican Political Theory and Irish Nationalism" 5955:

and Northern Ireland. The Party was also known as "

5820: 4148:became increasingly willing to give concessions to 3905:, the ratio was 55.3% Unionist / 44.7% Nationalist. 2703:. This was in the context of the break-down of the 2512:The modern emergence of nationalism, democracy and 8216: 6847:, Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Co. (1880). p. 291 2595:took place in the 16th century. This included the 15810:List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland 8984: 8644:"The Dead, the Law, and the Politics of the Past" 8407: 8380: 8353: 8314: 5939:is a republican party in Ireland. Throughout the 5737:and continuing British rule in Northern Ireland. 5724: 4079:The argument led to a split in 1970, between the 3814:Executive Authority (External Relations) Act 1936 3108:in 1803. Emmet had previously been expelled from 2727:, to invade and reconquer the English-controlled 16894: 10063: 8958: 8541:Buyse, Antoine; Hamilton, Michael, eds. (2011). 8184:The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 7425: 4083:(supporters of Goulding's Marxist line) and the 3727:, or prime minister) discontinued this support. 3719:throughout the civil war, but, after his death, 3709:ordered the regular army to take the Four Courts 3548:(IRA) was organised as a guerrilla army, led by 16656:Association football in the Republic of Ireland 8278:"How Revolutionary Was the "Irish Revolution"?" 7682: 7057:The Fenian Chief. A Biography of James Stephens 7011:The Fenian Chief. A Biography of James Stephens 3736:assassinations, executions and other atrocities 8770: 7234:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 7208:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 7070:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 6970:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 6949:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 6916:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 6809:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 6746:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 6698:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 6677:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 6653:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 6632:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 6572:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 6551:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 6439:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 6381:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 6357:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 6046:was formed in 1986 by former Sinn Féin leader 5311:Radical Movement of Social Democratic Alliance 4930:Free Democratic Party/Radical Democratic Party 4872:Democratic Union-Agricultural and Labour Party 2821:Pro Deo, pro Rege et Patria, Hibernia unanimis 2641: 15290: 14908: 14871:Does not include organisations supportive of 14728:Does not include organisations supportive of 14275: 12976: 12083: 10737: 10049: 9722: 9676:Óglaigh na hÉireann (Real IRA splinter group) 9453: 9373:Good Friday; the death of Irish Republicanism 9018: 8699: 8697: 8540: 8136: 6142: 5686: 3504:The National Council, was formed in 1903, by 3407:oration at Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa's funeral 3131:Emmet and his followers had planned to seize 2471: 1079: 468:Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist) 12964: 9402: 8641: 7426:Mansergh, Nicholas; Mansergh, Diana (1997). 7372:Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law 6120:special Ard Fheis's vote of support for the 5927: 3792:was drafted by the de Valera government and 3456: 3405:, a ritual instrumental as evidenced by the 2825: 15419:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 14922: 13024: 12988: 9238: 9127:. Manchester University Press. p. 102. 8733: 8731: 8729: 8046: 8007: 3876:In the 1921 elections in Northern Ireland: 3797: 3730:By May 1923, the war ended in the order by 2858: 2848: 2819: 16842:Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland 15297: 15283: 14915: 14901: 14424:Does not include organisations focused on 14282: 14268: 13000: 12097: 12090: 12076: 10744: 10730: 10056: 10042: 9729: 9715: 9460: 9446: 9429:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9385:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9362:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9339:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9307:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9289: 9253:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9218:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9195:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9131: 9091:Janes, Dominic; Houen, Alex, eds. (2014). 9090: 8694: 8275: 8263: 7735: 7194: 7182: 7170: 7158: 7146: 7134: 7122: 7110: 6829:Proclamation of the Provisional Government 6465:. Manchester University Press. p. 1. 5781:. Please do not remove this message until 5693: 5679: 3151:Proclamation of the Provisional Government 2478: 2464: 1086: 1072: 9261: 8580:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 169–170. 8070: 8068: 8008:Barton, Brian; Roche, Patrick J. (2009). 8003: 8001: 6892: 6537: 6471:10.7228/manchester/9780719076930.001.0001 6458: 6415: 6413: 6411: 6409: 6407: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6399: 6397: 5801:Learn how and when to remove this message 5179:Progressive Democratic Party of the North 4835:Czech Constitutionalist Progressive Party 3166:Young Ireland and the Irish Confederation 2678:Wild Geese in Spanish Flanders, 1582-1700 2576:Map of Ireland in 1609 showing the major 16661:Association football in Northern Ireland 9414: 9370: 9347: 9280: 8881: 8771:O'Loughlin, Michael (11 February 2020). 8726: 8642:McEvoy, Kieran; Conway, Heather (2004). 8602: 7940: 7938: 7683:McKittrick, David; McVea, David (2012). 7405:. Oxford University Press. p. 217. 6116:was formed in 2007 in opposition to the 5912:at large assuming a rhetorical purpose. 5858:Relationship with the Christian churches 5777:Relevant discussion may be found on the 5117:Partido Ecologista Radical Intransigente 4174: 4111:In 1976 the British government withdrew 3642:Irish Free State and Republic of Ireland 3477: 3466: 3371:. Stephens returned to Ireland in 1856. 3316: 3272:, the meeting place of the Association, 3232: 3214:. Influential Young Irelanders included 3118: 3049:, involving attacks on small parties of 3022: 2965: 2907: 2571: 15857:Demographics of the Republic of Ireland 9203: 8737: 8575: 8501: 8177: 7909:. Oxford University Press. p. 30. 7637: 7599: 7256: 7091:Fenian Fever: An Anglo-American Dilemma 6902:, M.H. Gill &Sons, LTD 1951, p. 105 6591: 3614:In 1921, the British government led by 3196:(a group campaigning for the repeal of 2989:on 24 May, before spreading throughout 2528:, beginning in 1922 and spurred by the 2035:Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch 14: 16895: 12941: 11765: 11108:Northern Ireland civil rights movement 10886:Irish People's Liberation Organisation 9978:Prevention of Crime (Ireland) Act 1848 9633:Irish People's Liberation Organisation 9315: 9180: 9099: 9049: 8990: 8341: 8074: 8065: 7998: 7944: 7902: 7863: 7750: 7558: 7495: 7483: 7450: 7430:. Cork University Press. p. 170. 7400: 7331: 7319: 7307: 7295: 7044:Recollections of Fenians and Fenianism 6394: 6110:, and five councillors across Ireland. 5825:Irish republicanism was influenced by 5504:Stratford Dialectical and Radical Club 3390:— a class of warriors that existed in 659:Irish People's Liberation Organisation 16126: 15916: 15737: 15343: 15278: 14896: 14263: 14173: 14065: 13844: 13646: 13078: 12858: 12509: 12146: 12071: 10725: 10037: 9710: 9441: 8964: 8882:Reinisch, Dieter (15 November 2019). 8785:from the original on 13 February 2020 8502:Grayson, Richard S. (6 August 2010). 8497: 8495: 8104: 7935: 7792: 7790: 7788: 7786: 7746: 7744: 7554: 7552: 7033:13 March 2008. Retrieved 9 June 2009. 6068:(IRSP) was founded in 1974 by former 2683:This early republican spirit was not 2568:Background of British rule in Ireland 2186:1946 Italian institutional referendum 2126:Spanish American wars of independence 909:Phoenix National and Literary Society 9628:South Armagh Republican Action Force 9232:Robert Emmet: The Making of a Legend 9027:from the original on 3 February 2021 8863:from the original on 2 December 2013 8451:. Conflict Archive on the Internet. 7986:from the original on 8 November 2020 7891:from the original on 3 December 2019 7796: 7511:(Report). Northern Ireland Elections 7453:Sinn Féin: A Hundred Turbulent Years 7348:Ireland, 1798–1998: Politics and War 7280: 6498: 6494: 6492: 6490: 5922: 5751: 5072:Movement for Constitutional Freedoms 4855:Democratic Socialist Party of Greece 4005:and Nationalist politicians such as 3891:had Unionist majorities of over 25%. 3516:to Dublin. Its purpose was to lobby 3321:Some of the founding members of the 2623:with English and Scottish settlers. 2599:, in which the lands held by Gaelic 806:National Graves Association, Belfast 738:South Armagh Republican Action Force 16923:Politics of the Republic of Ireland 14066: 11868:Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party 10018: 9324: 9226: 8738:Downing, John (19 September 2020). 8689:McAuley, Braniff & Spencer 2023 8591:McAuley, Braniff & Spencer 2023 7973: 5439:Republican Democratic Concentration 4925:Federal Democratic Republican Party 3961:launched minor attacks against the 2863:, written in Lisbon in 1645 by Fr. 2723:then in the service of the Infanta 2501:) is the political movement for an 1955:The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates 229:Dissident Irish republican campaign 24: 15886:Tourism in the Republic of Ireland 15661:Economy of the Republic of Ireland 15459:Irish Free State (1922–1937) 15304: 14647:Social Democratic and Labour Party 11909:Social Democratic and Labour Party 11902:Alliance Party of Northern Ireland 10105:Physical force Irish republicanism 9327:The Modernisation of Irish Society 9161: 8896:from the original on 11 March 2021 8831:from the original on 11 March 2021 8752:from the original on 11 March 2021 8492: 8455:from the original on 1 August 2020 8410:Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review 8383:Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review 8356:Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review 8317:Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review 8125:from the original on 11 March 2021 8028:from the original on 11 March 2021 7955:from the original on 1 August 2020 7923:from the original on 11 March 2021 7783: 7741: 7549: 6462:In the Wake of the Great Rebellion 6122:Police Service of Northern Ireland 6076:, who possibly had an eye towards 5977:Social Democratic and Labour Party 5411:Radical Socialist Republican Party 4200:Social Democratic and Labour Party 3871:The Troubles in Ulster (1920–1922) 3725:President of the Executive Council 3512:, on the occasion of the visit of 3312: 25: 18:Physical-force Irish republicanism 16944: 15671:Post-2008 Irish economic downturn 13496:Festival Interceltique de Lorient 9736: 9393: 9283:Ireland and the French Revolution 9019:Alan Kinsella (3 February 2021). 7382:from the original on 26 June 2020 7350:, 1999, Wiley-Blackwell, p. 262. 6487: 6252:, in which Fianna Fáil ministers 6158:in 1926 after the results of the 6027:Independent Monitoring Commission 5945:Provisional Irish Republican Army 5943:, it was closely allied with the 5902: 5087:National Progressive Center Union 4172:to move towards peaceful methods. 4127:, which ended after 53 days. The 3840:Republicanism in Northern Ireland 3536:, was launched in Dublin and the 3285:Young Irelander Rebellion of 1848 2541:Provisional Irish Republican Army 443:All Ireland Anti-Partition League 16876: 15840:Tallest buildings and structures 14627:Irish Republican Socialist Party 14246: 12859: 12496: 12053: 12052: 11797:Irish Republican Socialist Party 11612:Sean Graham bookmakers' shooting 10751: 10214: 10017: 10008: 10007: 9996: 9671:Irish Republican Liberation Army 9012: 8928: 8908: 8875: 8843: 8817: 8797: 8764: 8717: 8660:10.1111/j.1467-6478.2004.00302.x 8438:. Beyond the Pale Publications. 8217:Stephen John Small, ed. (1998). 8159:from the original on 7 July 2020 7619:from the original on 31 May 2007 7537:from the original on 27 May 2012 6938:, Thomas Francies Meagher (1846) 6423:. 17 August 2016. Archived from 6082:Irish Socialist Republican Party 6066:Irish Republican Socialist Party 5971:, prompting another split, when 5821:Connection to left-wing politics 5756: 5660: 5648: 5037:Liberals, Democrats and Radicals 4985:Italian Democratic Liberal Party 4884:Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party 3699:, a pro-Treaty general. The new 3008: 2762: 2747: 2719:, for the Irish Regiment in the 2447: 1975:Discourses Concerning Government 1053: 1041: 597:Irish Republican Liberation Army 508:Irish Socialist Republican Party 405:Irish Republican Socialist Party 76:Armalite and ballot box strategy 49: 11818:Republican Socialist Collective 11605:Sinn Féin Headquarters shooting 10855:Irish republican paramilitaries 10112:Irish in the American Civil War 9138:. Manchester University Press. 8965:Young, Connla (17 April 2017). 8635: 8596: 8569: 8534: 8467: 8428: 8401: 8374: 8347: 8308: 8269: 8225: 8210: 8171: 8098: 8040: 7967: 7857: 7829: 7701: 7676: 7641:Journal of Contemporary History 7631: 7523: 7501: 7444: 7419: 7394: 7360: 7337: 7274: 7265: 7247: 7200: 7083: 7062: 7049: 7036: 7016: 7003: 6993:, Four Courts Press Ltd (2005) 6983: 6962: 6941: 6929: 6870: 6850: 6822: 6801: 6779: 6759: 6690: 6645: 6624: 6585: 6325: 6316: 6302: 6132:Anti-Imperialist Action Ireland 4945:Free-thinking Democratic League 4766:Authentic Radical Liberal Party 3932:(UUP). The tendency to vote on 3678:President of the Irish Republic 3099: 2959:resistance groups, such as the 2855:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland 2847:, which essentially became the 2241:Barbadian Republic Proclamation 894:League of Communist Republicans 766:Anti-Imperialist Action Ireland 710:Republican Action Against Drugs 541:Republican Socialist Collective 15676:Post-2008 Irish banking crisis 11493:IRA attacks in the Netherlands 11248:Dublin & Monaghan bombings 11241:Ulster Workers' Council strike 11016:Ulster Volunteer Service Corps 10957:Ulster loyalist paramilitaries 9623:Irish National Liberation Army 9266:. London: Gill and Macmillan. 9021:"Aontacht Éireann -Episode 33" 7455:. O'Brien Press. p. 192. 6887:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 6798:. 2009. Retrieved 9 June 2009. 6796:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 6769:. Gill & MacMillan, 2004. 6564: 6543: 6452: 6431: 6349: 6104:Repeal of the Eighth Amendment 6090:Irish National Liberation Army 5725:Rejection of the British state 5077:National and Social Liberation 4786:Union of the Democratic Centre 4194:, the leader of Sinn Féin and 3922:Government of Ireland Act 1920 2660:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 2549:Northern Ireland peace process 2176:1935 Greek coup d'état attempt 2156:German Revolution of 1918–1919 761:32 County Sovereignty Movement 619:Irish National Liberation Army 13: 1: 15738: 14215:Celtic place names in Galicia 13845: 11528:Attack on Derryard checkpoint 9167: 8991:Mooney, John (16 June 2019). 8827:. Indymedia.ie. 13 May 2007. 8434:Sutton, Malcolm, ed. (1994). 8196:10.1080/03086534.2023.2168331 8051:. Oxford: Hart. p. 134. 7769:10.1080/17449057.2015.1041291 7403:The Oxford History of Ireland 7093:, Chatto & Windus (1971) 7059:, Gill & Son (1967) p. 92 6889:. 2009. Retrieved 2009-23-12. 6517:10.1080/10848770.2015.1097137 6342: 6290:Protestant Irish nationalists 6025:(conference) in May 2007. An 5519:Union, Progress and Democracy 5127:Party of Independence and '48 5122:Party of Democratic Socialism 4894:European Republicans Movement 4139: 3969:in Northern Ireland. During 3072:. A further twenty-eight new 2669:Archives générales du Royaume 16741:Northern Ireland flags issue 15917: 15692:List of conflicts in Ireland 15436:Southern Ireland (1921–1922) 13647: 12157:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups 11577:Downing Street mortar attack 11542:South Armagh sniper campaign 11339:Jonesborough Gazelle downing 11037:Woodvale Defence Association 11002:Ulster Protestant Volunteers 10680:The Irish People (newspaper) 10067:Irish Republican Brotherhood 9816:Irish Republican Brotherhood 9508:Irish Republican Brotherhood 8520:10.1080/07907184.2010.497635 6856:Bartoletti, Susan Campbell, 6610:10.1080/14623528.2013.789187 6598:Journal of Genocide Research 6459:Patterson, James G. (2013). 6162:confirmed partition between 6114:Republican Network for Unity 5908:and assert victimhood, with 4845:Democratic Left of Catalonia 4394:Liberté, égalité, fraternité 4061: 3988: 3844: 3830:Republic of Ireland Act 1948 3638:, thus ending the conflict. 3534:Irish Republican Brotherhood 3338:Irish Republican Brotherhood 3323:Irish Republican Brotherhood 3287:), which, influenced by the 2426:Republic without republicans 2171:11 September 1922 Revolution 2166:Mongolian Revolution of 1921 899:Northern Resistance Movement 816:Revolutionary Housing League 680:Irish Republican Brotherhood 483:Cumann Poblachta na hÉireann 410:Republican Network for Unity 7: 16127: 15712:Gaelic clothing and fashion 15344: 13139:Welsh literature in English 13079: 12510: 12236:Modern Celtic ethnic groups 12147: 11185:Abercorn Restaurant bombing 10941:Direct Action Against Drugs 10921:Irish Revolutionary Brigade 10811:Ulster Special Constabulary 10170:Declaration of Independence 9643:Irish Revolutionary Brigade 9262:Geoghegan, Patrick (2002). 9239:Fitzpatrick, David (2012). 9132:McGlinchey, Marisa (2019). 8178:Aveyard, Stuart C. (2023). 8137:O'Doherty, Malachi (1998). 7024:The Founding of the Fenians 6592:Malcolm, Elizabeth (2013). 6278: 6271:1973 Irish general election 6182:with non-socialists or not. 6138:and abstains from elections 6004:2020 Irish general election 5783:conditions to do so are met 5747: 5731:Irish republican legitimism 5509:Transnational Radical Party 5271:Radical Federative Movement 5167:Portuguese Republican Party 5157:Political Party of Radicals 4850:Democratic-Republican Party 4825:Czech National Social Party 4228: 4003:Bernadette Devlin McAliskey 3851:1918 Irish general election 2642:1627 Hispano-Irish proposal 2161:Turkish War of Independence 2083: 811:National Graves Association 498:Irish Anti-Partition League 96:Irish republican legitimism 10: 16949: 16908:Anti-imperialism in Europe 14671:Scottish national identity 14543:English Constitution Party 14413:Traditional Unionist Voice 13159:Scottish Gaelic literature 12544:Brigantia (ancient region) 11861:Progressive Unionist Party 11804:Communist Party of Ireland 11654:Downing Street Declaration 11311:Reavey and O'Dowd killings 10974:Ulster Defence Association 10705:Irish National Invincibles 10687:United Irishmen of America 10638:Emmet Monument Association 9603:Irish Revolutionary Forces 9498:Society of United Irishmen 9348:McCardle, Dorothy (1971). 9095:. Oxford University Press. 9058:Liverpool University Press 9043: 8648:Journal of Law and Society 7873:Peace and Conflict Studies 7654:10.1177/002200949302800302 7509:The Irish Election of 1918 6143:Defunct republican parties 5951:and organises in both the 5204:Progressive People's Party 4935:Free-minded People's Party 4158:Northern Ireland Secretary 4144:During the late 1980s the 3645: 3630:who had been delegated as 3460: 3365:Emmet Monument Association 3332:movement consisted of the 3169: 3088:that he would bring about 3012: 2877:Society of United Irishmen 2874: 2585:Norman invasion of Ireland 2562: 2499:poblachtánachas Éireannach 2216:1970 Cambodian coup d'état 1965:The Commonwealth of Oceana 889:Irish Socialist Federation 869:Emmet Monument Association 733:Society of United Irishmen 685:Irish Revolutionary Forces 654:Irish National Invincibles 556:Socialist Republican Party 526:Northern Council for Unity 179:Irish revolutionary period 16872: 16771: 16709: 16646: 16586: 16499: 16447: 16402: 16369: 16314: 16279: 16229: 16148: 16139: 16135: 16122: 16057: 15960: 15929: 15925: 15912: 15822: 15750: 15746: 15733: 15684: 15472: 15356: 15352: 15339: 15315: 15224: 15186: 14928: 14847: 14809: 14802: 14782: 14754: 14747: 14704: 14666: 14659: 14609: 14567: 14560: 14535: 14500:English national identity 14495: 14488: 14468: 14450: 14443: 14432:in their official makeup. 14393:Democratic Unionist Party 14358: 14313:British national identity 14308: 14301: 14237: 14180: 14174: 14169: 14107: 14078: 14061: 14024: 13946: 13937: 13909: 13881: 13853: 13840: 13793: 13758: 13732: 13653: 13642: 13529: 13506:Hebridean Celtic Festival 13443: 13345: 13324: 13293: 13208: 13167: 13134:Welsh-language literature 13089: 13085: 13074: 13036: 12950: 12867: 12854: 12724: 12683: 12622: 12518: 12505: 12494: 12331: 12300: 12234: 12155: 12142: 12109: 11922: 11891: 11854:Democratic Unionist Party 11834: 11763: 11754: 11500:Aughanduff Lynx shootdown 11332:La Mon restaurant bombing 11164:Balmoral showroom bombing 11088: 11046: 10954: 10930: 10852: 10821: 10807:Royal Ulster Constabulary 10777: 10768: 10759: 10696: 10673:Irish Freedom (newspaper) 10615: 10590: 10526: 10424: 10415: 10292: 10276:Irish War of Independence 10223: 10212: 10075: 9991: 9970: 9824: 9744: 9691:Irish Republican Movement 9558:Irish War of Independence 9480: 9241:Terror in Ireland 1916-23 9204:English, Richard (1998). 8621:10.1080/00358530701635306 8276:Mulholland, Marc (2021). 8014:. Springer. p. 166. 7837:"IRA arms decommissioned" 7577:10.1017/S0021121400001887 7310:, pp. 157, 211, 222. 6160:Irish Boundary Commission 5985:Northern Ireland Assembly 5941:Northern Ireland troubles 5928:Active republican parties 5888:Royal Ulster Constabulary 5841:in the 1880s, as well as 5361:Radical Party of the Left 5240:Radical Democratic Party 4889:European Radical Alliance 4860:Georgios Papandreou Party 4781:Centre Union – New Forces 4102:Democratic Unionist Party 3963:Royal Ulster Constabulary 3740:1923 Irish Hunger Strikes 3602:in November 1920 and the 3491:Irish War of Independence 3463:Irish War of Independence 3457:Nineteenth century onward 3289:French Revolution of 1848 2676:historian, with his work 2593:Tudor conquest of Ireland 2522:Irish War of Independence 2389:The Emperor's New Clothes 2141:5 October 1910 revolution 2136:French Revolution of 1848 1159:Liberty as non-domination 942:Guerrilla Days in Ireland 626:(Real IRA splinter group) 602:Irish Republican Movement 184:Irish War of Independence 16933:Republicanism by country 14376:British Democratic Party 13939:Ancient Celtic languages 11811:Irish Independence Party 11766:Irish republican parties 11675:Crossmaglen Lynx downing 11479:Milltown Cemetery attack 11367:Republican hunger strike 11192:Beginning of direct rule 11057:Ulster Protestant Action 10995:Loyalist Volunteer Force 10659:Friends of Irish Freedom 10606:Francis Frederick Millen 10503:Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa 10262:Fenian dynamite campaign 9415:Whelehan, Niall (2012). 9181:Coogan, Tim Pat (1978). 8553:10.1017/cbo9780511758515 8111:. Springer. p. 20. 7815:10.1177/0309816818818088 7565:Irish Historical Studies 7298:, pp. 177, 190–191. 7125:, pp. 201, 219–220. 6308:Of republican funerals, 6295: 5395:Radical Socialist Party 5386:Radical Republican Party 5000:Italian Republican Party 4905:German Free-minded Party 4129:1981 Irish hunger strike 4091:and immediately began a 3711:, thereby beginning the 3695:in Dublin and kidnapped 3604:burning of half the city 3566:Royal Irish Constabulary 3226:, the three founders of 3086:William Pitt the Younger 3041:under the leadership of 2231:1987 Fijian coups d'état 2191:1952 Egyptian revolution 1169:Political representation 879:Friends of Irish Freedom 521:National Corporate Party 503:Irish Independence Party 219:1981 Irish hunger strike 164:Fenian dynamite campaign 16928:Radicalism (historical) 16833:Prostitution (Republic) 14923:Republicanism in Europe 14814:Welsh national identity 14717:Scottish National Party 14210:Gaulish words in French 14195:Celtic words in English 12454:Scottish New Zealanders 12344:Anglo-Celtic Australian 12024:Special Category Status 11882:Ulster Democratic Party 11837:Ulster loyalist parties 11507:Ballygawley bus bombing 11451:Remembrance Day bombing 11276:Miami Showband killings 11262:Birmingham pub bombings 11030:Protestant Action Force 10907:Republican Action Force 10792:Ulster Defence Regiment 10447:Edward O'Meagher Condon 10440:Ricard O'Sullivan Burke 10163:Hindu–German Conspiracy 9983:Treason Felony Act 1848 9801:Young Ireland rebellion 9316:Lawlor, Philip (2011). 9281:Gough, H.; Dickson, D. 9106:Oxford University Press 8603:McDowell, Sara (2007). 8576:Maillot, Agnès (2003). 8508:Irish Political Studies 8221:. University of Oxford. 8139:"The Trouble with Guns" 7013:, Gill & Son (1967) 6882:11 October 2008 at the 6232:Mother and Child Scheme 5963:" Sinn Féin (later the 5897:loyalist paramilitaries 5884:Ulster Defence Regiment 5620:Conservative liberalism 5499:Socialist Radical Party 5494:Social Democratic Party 5365:Radical People's Party 5345:Radical Party of Chile 5236:Radical Democracy Party 5136:People's Radical Party 5107:Opportunist Republicans 5057:Manhood Suffrage League 5022:Labour Democratic Party 4798:Colombian Liberal Party 4756:Alsatian Progress Party 4751:Alfarista Radical Front 4119:which escalated into a 4113:Special Category Status 3804:in the Irish language ( 3794:approved via referendum 3790:Constitution of Ireland 3756:constitutional monarchy 3589:1920 Cork hunger strike 3343:The IRB was founded on 3176:Young Ireland rebellion 2983:Irish Rebellion of 1798 2881:Irish Rebellion of 1798 2804:Irish Rebellion of 1641 2693:Irish military diaspora 2615:began in 1609, and the 2530:partition of the island 2211:1969 Libyan coup d'état 1995:Discourse on Inequality 1144:Consent of the governed 791:Irish National Congress 781:Connolly Youth Movement 715:Republican Defence Army 536:Republican Labour Party 493:Independent Fianna Fáil 149:Young Ireland rebellion 144:Irish rebellion of 1803 134:Irish Rebellion of 1798 15702:List of Irish kingdoms 14971:Bosnia and Herzegovina 14381:British National Party 13144:Early Irish literature 13025: 13013: 13001: 12989: 12977: 12965: 12434:Scotch-Irish Canadians 12429:Scotch-Irish Americans 11668:Loughinisland massacre 11465:Start of peace process 11409:Brighton hotel bombing 11255:Guildford pub bombings 10967:Ulster Volunteer Force 10140:Irish Race Conventions 9902:Thomas Francis Meagher 9320:. Cork: Mercier Press. 9100:Leeson, D. M. (2011). 9050:Hughes, Brian (2016). 7945:Berger, Ronit (2016). 7903:Hearty, Kevin (2018). 7751:Hearty, Kevin (2015). 7559:Hanley, Brian (2013). 7451:Feeney, Brian (2002). 7401:Foster, R. F. (2001). 7271:Davis (1974), pp. 23–4 7195:Janes & Houen 2014 7183:Janes & Houen 2014 7159:Janes & Houen 2014 7147:Janes & Houen 2014 7135:Janes & Houen 2014 7123:Janes & Houen 2014 7111:Janes & Houen 2014 6843:Duffy, Charles Gavan, 6765:Greoghan, Patrick M., 6722:The History of Ireland 5280:Radical Liberal Party 5082:National Radical Party 4187: 4156:and extending to, the 4029:Ulster Volunteer Force 3798: 3752:Statute of Westminster 3600:Bloody Sunday massacre 3544:From 1919 to 1921 the 3494: 3475: 3381: 3325: 3295:and the suspension of 3274:Thomas Francis Meagher 3245: 3198:the Acts of Union 1800 3155: 3128: 3082:Irish House of Commons 3030: 2978: 2916: 2860:Disputatio Apologetica 2859: 2849: 2845:Catholic Confederation 2841:Irish Confederate Wars 2839:) it evolved into the 2826: 2820: 2725:Isabella Clara Eugenia 2597:Plantations of Ireland 2580: 2578:Plantations of Ireland 2498: 884:Irish Republican Voice 859:Comhairle na Poblachta 672:Irish Republican Army 664:Irish Republican Army 16809:Mass media (Republic) 16753:National coat of arms 15641:IRA Northern Campaign 14734:Scottish independence 14428:which do not mention 14418:UK Independence Party 14408:Patriotic Alternative 13771:Scottish independence 13516:Celtic Media Festival 13399:National music scenes 12630:Proto-Celtic religion 12332:Related ethnic groups 11847:Ulster Unionist Party 11738:Good Friday Agreement 11640:Shankill Road bombing 11556:Augher Lynx shootdown 11521:Deal barracks bombing 11430:Anglo-Irish Agreement 11297:Balcombe Street siege 11220:Sunningdale Agreement 10770:State security forces 10709:Phoenix Park killings 10666:Irish Republican Army 10433:Thomas Francis Bourke 10236:Clerkenwell explosion 9912:William Smith O'Brien 9585:Irish Republican Army 9565:Irish Republican Army 9492:Earlier organisations 9371:McIntyre, A. (2008). 9144:10.7765/9781526116215 8294:10.1353/eir.2021.0005 7378:(3). September 2002. 6202:Irish Christian Front 6194:Ailtirí na hAiséirghe 6136:Good Friday Agreement 5667:Liberalism portal 5092:National Reform Union 5062:Mexican Liberal Party 5052:Liberal Swedish Party 4990:Italian Radical Party 4910:German People's Party 4292:History of liberalism 4208:Good Friday Agreement 4178: 4154:Anglo-Irish Agreement 4018:civil rights campaign 3957:During the 1930s the 3930:Ulster Unionist Party 3926:provincial government 3697:JJ "Ginger" O'Connell 3546:Irish Republican Army 3481: 3470: 3376: 3320: 3262:William Smith O'Brien 3238:William Smith O'Brien 3236: 3141: 3122: 3090:Catholic emancipation 3026: 3019:Parliament of Ireland 2969: 2953:Protestant Ascendancy 2923:from the province of 2911: 2903:Catholic emancipation 2837:Parliament of England 2789:Mary Stuart O'Donnell 2707:and the onset of the 2656:Old Swiss Confederacy 2575: 2557:dissident republicans 2553:Good Friday Agreement 2379:Criticism of monarchy 2201:North Yemen civil war 2015:The Federalist Papers 1310:Federal parliamentary 977:The Hibernia Magazine 962:Saoirse Irish Freedom 843:Defunct Organisations 513:Irish Workers' Group 224:Good Friday Agreement 194:1932 general election 174:1918 general election 16731:County coats of arms 16623:List of Irish people 15697:List of Irish tribes 15547:Cromwellian conquest 15533:Plantation of Ulster 15464:Ireland (since 1922) 14632:Republican Sinn Féin 14095:(Medieval Welsh law) 13705:Scottish nationalism 13355:Ancient Celtic music 12675:Romano-Celtic temple 12484:Welsh New Zealanders 12409:Irish New Zealanders 12031:Shoot-to-kill policy 11790:Republican Sinn Féin 11724:Second IRA ceasefire 11381:Droppin Well bombing 11290:Tullyvallen massacre 11157:McGurk's Bar bombing 11064:Ulster Service Corps 9917:Kevin Izod O'Doherty 9806:Penal transportation 9325:Lee, Joseph (1986). 9264:Robert Emmet: A Life 9170:Irish Studies Review 9066:10.2307/j.ctt1ps31k0 8145:. Blackstaff Press. 7797:Hoey, Paddy (2019). 7281:Maye, Brian (1997). 6831:, Robert Emmet, 1803 6791:22 June 2008 at the 6767:Robert Emmet: A Life 6724:, (Greenwood, 2001) 6285:Dissident republican 6044:Republican Sinn Féin 5973:Republican Sinn Féin 5635:Liberalism in Europe 5625:History of socialism 5420:Radicals of the Left 5005:Jacksonian Democrats 4975:Independent Radicals 4793:Civic Workers' Party 4340:Classical radicalism 4330:Classical liberalism 4265:Atlantic Revolutions 4260:Age of Enlightenment 4198:, the leader of the 4093:large scale campaign 3818:British Commonwealth 3810:President of Ireland 3769:. O'Duffy looked to 3676:, who had served as 3564:", to reinforce the 3499:Act of Union in 1801 2816:Charles I of England 2802:A decade later, the 2613:Plantation of Ulster 2364:Classical radicalism 2106:Republic of Florence 2045:Democracy in America 1204:Separation of powers 1179:Public participation 821:Wolfe Tone Societies 776:Connolly Association 755:Active Organisations 624:Óglaigh na hÉireann 415:Republican Sinn Féin 312:Constance Markievicz 81:Dissident republican 16918:Politics of Ireland 16903:Irish republicanism 16846:in Northern Ireland 16837:in Northern Ireland 16578:Legendary creatures 16491:Traditional singing 16327:Saint Patrick's Day 15962:Republic of Ireland 15891:Tourist attractions 15876:ROI–UK border 15861:of Northern Ireland 15814:in Northern Ireland 15646:IRA Border Campaign 15621:War of Independence 15591:Second Great Famine 15576:Act of Union (1800) 15528:Flight of the Earls 15385:Lordship of Ireland 15320:Republic of Ireland 15187:States with limited 14430:British nationalism 13785:Irish republicanism 13766:Breton independence 13745:Scottish devolution 13678:Cornish nationalism 13501:Pan Celtic Festival 13375:Scottish folk music 13129:Scottish literature 12655:Celtic Christianity 12459:Scottish Travellers 12444:Scottish Argentines 12288:Scottish Travellers 11940:Irish republicanism 11633:Bishopsgate bombing 11626:Warrington bombings 11423:Newry mortar attack 11150:Operation Demetrius 11023:Down Orange Welfare 10799:Force Research Unit 10599:Thomas Miller Beach 10329:John O'Connor Power 10098:Irish republicanism 9952:Patrick James Smyth 9942:Thomas Devin Reilly 9887:Thomas D'Arcy McGee 9862:Charles Gavan Duffy 9790:A Nation Once Again 9784:Revolutions of 1848 9774:Irish Confederation 9769:Irish republicanism 9135:Unfinished Business 8344:, p. 156, 158. 7845:. 26 September 2005 7803:Capital & Class 7498:, pp. 195–196. 7197:, pp. 212–218. 7185:, pp. 210–212. 7113:, pp. 200–201. 7029:30 May 2008 at the 6505:The European Legacy 6200:and members of the 6175:Republican Congress 6156:Cumann na nGaedheal 6126:Óglaigh na hÉireann 6006:, Sinn Féin leader 5953:Republic of Ireland 5829:. Typical of these 5770:of this section is 5630:Irish republicanism 5391:Radical Republicans 5219:Radical Civic Union 4965:Historical Far Left 4955:Giustizia e Libertà 4830:Czech Realist Party 4387:Left-libertarianism 4355:Freedom of movement 4335:Cultural radicalism 4270:American Revolution 4048:Republic of Ireland 3887:and the borough of 3686:Irish National Army 3682:Cumann na nGaedheal 3532:, organised by the 3471:A depiction of the 3403:republican funerals 3345:Saint Patrick's Day 3216:Charles Gavan Duffy 3184:Irish Confederation 3035:guerrilla campaigns 2937:Henry Joy McCracken 2891:popular sovereignty 2721:Spanish Netherlands 2697:Flight of the Earls 2636:Flight of the Earls 2537:widespread conflict 2491:Irish republicanism 2454:Politics portal 2259:Antigua and Barbuda 2206:Zanzibar Revolution 2116:American Revolution 2005:The Social Contract 1174:Popular sovereignty 1048:Politics portal 972:The Gaelic American 914:Troops Out Movement 531:Republican Congress 478:Cumann na Poblachta 42:Irish republicanism 35:Part of a series on 16883:Ireland portal 16201:Skirts and kidneys 15707:List of High Kings 15626:Anglo-Irish Treaty 15566:First Great Famine 15551:Settlement of 1652 15523:Tyrone's Rebellion 15513:Desmond Rebellions 15402:Kingdom of Ireland 14877:Welsh independence 14774:Two nations theory 13776:Welsh independence 13740:Cornish devolution 13661:Breton nationalism 13511:Celtic Connections 13114:Cornish literature 12464:Ulster Protestants 12449:Scottish Canadians 12439:Scottish Americans 12349:Anglo-Irish people 12010:Punishment attacks 11783:Official Sinn Féin 11703:Manchester bombing 11647:Greysteel massacre 11486:Corporals killings 11395:Maze Prison escape 11353:Warrenpoint ambush 11318:Kingsmill massacre 11283:Bayardo Bar attack 11213:Old Bailey bombing 11206:Operation Motorman 11009:Ulster Third Force 10645:Fenian Brotherhood 10517:William R. Roberts 10489:Thomas Clarke Luby 10191:Anglo-Irish Treaty 10119:Manchester Martyrs 10003:Ireland portal 9922:Patrick O'Donoghue 9877:James Fintan Lalor 9752:Repeal Association 9654:Dissident Campaign 9541:Irish Citizen Army 9513:Fenian Brotherhood 9486: 9350:The Irish Republic 9295:Ireland: A History 8921:9 May 2016 at the 8810:9 May 2016 at the 8710:9 May 2016 at the 8105:Grant, P. (2001). 7865:Sapone, Montgomery 6499:Ward, Lee (2016). 6427:on 17 August 2016. 6216:IRA Chief of Staff 6212:Clann na Poblachta 6186:Córas na Poblachta 5893:Kingsmill massacre 5839:Fenian Brotherhood 5831:classical Radicals 5655:History portal 5296:Radical Left Party 5183:Progressive Party 4628:Mill (John Stuart) 4409:Left-wing populism 4282:Belgian Revolution 4188: 4146:British Government 4056:state of emergency 4036:Ulster Protestants 3896:County Londonderry 3648:Anglo-Irish Treaty 3624:republican leaders 3620:Anglo-Irish Treaty 3616:David Lloyd George 3593:Lord Mayor of Cork 3570:Auxiliary Division 3518:Dublin Corporation 3495: 3476: 3439:Fort Erie, Ontario 3423:William R. Roberts 3353:Thomas Clarke Luby 3334:Fenian Brotherhood 3326: 3246: 3194:Repeal Association 3180:Repeal Association 3129: 3114:Thomas Addis Emmet 3066:Charles Cornwallis 3031: 3015:Acts of Union 1800 2979: 2974:marked the end of 2941:James Napper Tandy 2917: 2797:Philip IV of Spain 2729:Kingdom of Ireland 2652:Republic of Venice 2581: 2420:Primus inter pares 2236:Nepalese Civil War 2226:Iranian Revolution 2196:14 July Revolution 2151:Russian Revolution 2146:Chinese Revolution 2096:Republic of Venice 1945:Discourses on Livy 1060:Ireland portal 904:People's Democracy 874:Fenian Brotherhood 649:Irish Citizen Army 473:Córas na Poblachta 458:Clann na Poblachta 139:Acts of Union 1800 27:Political movement 16913:Irish nationalism 16890: 16889: 16868: 16867: 16864: 16863: 16275: 16274: 16166:Bacon and cabbage 16118: 16117: 16114: 16113: 15985:Foreign relations 15908: 15907: 15904: 15903: 15835:Notable buildings 15729: 15728: 15725: 15724: 15272: 15271: 14890: 14889: 14886: 14885: 14880: 14798: 14797: 14743: 14742: 14737: 14722:Siol nan Gaidheal 14655: 14654: 14556: 14555: 14548:English Democrats 14484: 14483: 14439: 14438: 14433: 14257: 14256: 14233: 14232: 14165: 14164: 14057: 14056: 14053: 14052: 14016:Cisalpine Gaulish 13836: 13835: 13722:national identity 13717:Welsh nationalism 13710:national identity 13690:Irish nationalism 13638: 13637: 13634: 13633: 13571:Cornish wrestling 13439: 13438: 13360:Breton Folk music 13325:Regional cultures 13168:National cultures 13154:Gaelic literature 13109:Breton literature 13070: 13069: 13066: 13065: 13062: 13061: 12850: 12849: 12762:Chief of the Name 12635:Celtic polytheism 12552:Sub-Roman Britain 12492: 12491: 12379:Irish Australians 12359:Cornish Americans 12318:Scottish diaspora 12065: 12064: 11947:Irish nationalism 11918: 11917: 11875:UK Unionist Party 11756:Political parties 11696:Docklands bombing 11472:Operation Flavius 11234:M62 coach bombing 11084: 11083: 11080: 11079: 11071:Orange Volunteers 10988:Ulster Resistance 10981:Red Hand Commando 10950: 10949: 10848: 10847: 10719: 10718: 10586: 10585: 10556:Seán Mac Diarmada 10031: 10030: 9852:John Blake Dillon 9811:Van Diemen's Land 9764:Irish nationalism 9704: 9703: 9699: 9698: 9228:Elliott, Marianne 9153:978-1-5261-1621-5 9075:978-1-78138-297-4 8946:on 18 August 2011 8745:Irish Independent 8562:978-1-107-00301-9 8479:cain.ulster.ac.uk 8266:, pp. 45–46. 8152:978-0-85640-605-8 8118:978-0-230-59695-5 8086:978-1-85065-837-5 8079:. London: Hurst. 8058:978-1-84113-119-1 8021:978-0-230-59480-7 7916:978-1-78694-828-1 7694:978-0-241-96265-7 7437:978-1-85918-106-5 7412:978-0-19-280202-6 7356:978-0-631-19542-9 6900:The Felon's Track 6775:978-0-7171-3675-9 6720:Webster, Hollis, 6480:978-0-7190-7693-0 6048:Ruairí Ó Brádaigh 6008:Mary Lou McDonald 5949:Mary Lou McDonald 5923:Political parties 5827:French radicalism 5815:Malachi O'Doherty 5811: 5810: 5803: 5703: 5702: 5434:Republican Action 5231:Radical Democracy 5047:Liberal Reformers 4970:Independence Club 4940:Free-minded Union 4485:Utopian socialism 4463:Social liberalism 4370:Liberal socialism 4320:Civic nationalism 4275:French Revolution 4181:Martin McGuinness 4150:Irish Nationalism 4089:Seán Mac Stíofáin 3999:African Americans 3859:communal violence 3779:Spanish Civil War 3634:on behalf of the 3632:plenipotentiaries 3596:Terence MacSwiney 3431:Campobello Island 3307:Van Diemen's Land 3270:Conciliation Hall 3224:John Blake Dillon 3202:Irish nationalist 3039:Wicklow Mountains 2972:Battle of Killala 2893:and the likes of 2887:the Enlightenment 2709:Anglo-Spanish War 2701:Thirty Years' War 2654:, as well as the 2532:, then occurred. 2488: 2487: 2431:Republican empire 2404:List of republics 2253:National variants 2181:Spanish Civil War 2121:French Revolution 2101:Republic of Genoa 1985:The Spirit of Law 1918:Theoretical works 1262:Neo-republicanism 1096: 1095: 1028: 1020: 1007:The Starry Plough 854:Clann na hÉireann 723: 675: 667: 627: 516: 327:Ruairí Ó Brádaigh 322:Martin McGuinness 317:Bernadette Devlin 307:Terence MacSwiney 297:Seán Mac Stíofáin 91:Irish nationalism 16:(Redirected from 16940: 16881: 16880: 16879: 16558:Tuatha Dé Danann 16146: 16145: 16137: 16136: 16124: 16123: 16059:Northern Ireland 16037: 16027: 16017: 15927: 15926: 15914: 15913: 15748: 15747: 15735: 15734: 15611:Home Rule crisis 15441:Northern Ireland 15354: 15353: 15341: 15340: 15328:Northern Ireland 15299: 15292: 15285: 15276: 15275: 15225:Dependencies and 14929:Sovereign states 14917: 14910: 14903: 14894: 14893: 14870: 14807: 14806: 14790:Ulster Third Way 14752: 14751: 14727: 14664: 14663: 14565: 14564: 14520:North of England 14493: 14492: 14448: 14447: 14423: 14371:Britannica Party 14306: 14305: 14284: 14277: 14270: 14261: 14260: 14250: 14171: 14170: 14063: 14062: 14045:Galwegian Gaelic 13944: 13943: 13842: 13841: 13750:Welsh devolution 13644: 13643: 13396: 13395: 13385:Sean-nós singing 13380:Welsh folk music 13370:Irish folk music 13337:Highland culture 13119:Irish literature 13099:Arthurian Legend 13087: 13086: 13076: 13075: 13028: 13016: 13004: 12992: 12980: 12968: 12948: 12947: 12939: 12938: 12916:Neo-Christianity 12856: 12855: 12787:Gaelic astrology 12747:Celtic festivals 12650:Celtic mythology 12623:Ancient religion 12540:Iron Age Britain 12507: 12506: 12500: 12479:Welsh Argentines 12419:Irish Uruguayans 12414:Irish Travellers 12384:Irish Brazilians 12374:Irish Argentines 12354:Breton Americans 12308:Cornish diaspora 12270:Irish Travellers 12144: 12143: 12136:Celtic languages 12092: 12085: 12078: 12069: 12068: 12056: 12055: 12047: 12040: 12033: 12026: 12019: 12012: 12005: 11998: 11991: 11984: 11977: 11970: 11963: 11956: 11949: 11942: 11935: 11911: 11904: 11884: 11877: 11870: 11863: 11856: 11849: 11827: 11820: 11813: 11806: 11799: 11792: 11785: 11778: 11761: 11760: 11747: 11740: 11733: 11726: 11719: 11712: 11705: 11698: 11691: 11684: 11677: 11670: 11663: 11656: 11649: 11642: 11635: 11628: 11621: 11614: 11607: 11600: 11593: 11586: 11584:Cappagh killings 11579: 11572: 11565: 11558: 11551: 11544: 11537: 11530: 11523: 11516: 11509: 11502: 11495: 11488: 11481: 11474: 11467: 11460: 11453: 11446: 11444:Loughgall ambush 11439: 11432: 11425: 11418: 11411: 11404: 11397: 11390: 11383: 11376: 11369: 11362: 11355: 11348: 11341: 11334: 11327: 11320: 11313: 11306: 11299: 11292: 11285: 11278: 11271: 11264: 11257: 11250: 11243: 11236: 11229: 11222: 11215: 11208: 11201: 11194: 11187: 11180: 11173: 11166: 11159: 11152: 11145: 11138: 11131: 11124: 11117: 11110: 11103: 11073: 11066: 11059: 11044: 11043: 11039: 11032: 11025: 11018: 11011: 11004: 10997: 10990: 10983: 10976: 10969: 10943: 10928: 10927: 10923: 10916: 10909: 10902: 10895: 10888: 10881: 10874: 10867: 10841: 10834: 10814: 10802: 10794: 10775: 10774: 10766: 10765: 10746: 10739: 10732: 10723: 10722: 10712: 10689: 10682: 10675: 10668: 10661: 10654: 10647: 10640: 10633: 10626: 10608: 10601: 10579: 10572: 10565: 10558: 10551: 10544: 10537: 10519: 10512: 10505: 10498: 10491: 10484: 10477: 10470: 10463: 10456: 10449: 10442: 10435: 10422: 10421: 10408: 10401: 10394: 10387: 10380: 10373: 10366: 10364:Denis McCullough 10359: 10352: 10345: 10338: 10331: 10324: 10317: 10315:J. F. X. O'Brien 10310: 10303: 10285: 10278: 10271: 10264: 10257: 10250: 10243: 10218: 10207: 10205:Irish Free State 10200: 10193: 10186: 10179: 10172: 10165: 10158: 10149: 10142: 10135: 10128: 10121: 10114: 10107: 10100: 10093: 10086: 10070: 10068: 10058: 10051: 10044: 10035: 10034: 10021: 10020: 10011: 10010: 10001: 10000: 9999: 9927:Richard O'Gorman 9892:Terence MacManus 9731: 9724: 9717: 9708: 9707: 9686:Arm na Poblachta 9546:Irish Volunteers 9483: 9482: 9462: 9455: 9448: 9439: 9438: 9434: 9428: 9420: 9411: 9404:A. T. Q. Stewart 9399: 9390: 9384: 9376: 9367: 9361: 9353: 9344: 9338: 9330: 9321: 9312: 9306: 9298: 9286: 9277: 9258: 9252: 9244: 9235: 9223: 9217: 9209: 9200: 9194: 9186: 9177: 9157: 9128: 9119: 9096: 9087: 9037: 9036: 9034: 9032: 9016: 9010: 9009: 9007: 9005: 8988: 8982: 8981: 8979: 8977: 8962: 8956: 8955: 8953: 8951: 8942:. Archived from 8932: 8926: 8912: 8906: 8905: 8903: 8901: 8879: 8873: 8872: 8870: 8868: 8862: 8856:. October 2008. 8855: 8847: 8841: 8840: 8838: 8836: 8821: 8815: 8801: 8795: 8794: 8792: 8790: 8768: 8762: 8761: 8759: 8757: 8735: 8724: 8721: 8715: 8701: 8692: 8686: 8680: 8679: 8639: 8633: 8632: 8615:(393): 725–738. 8600: 8594: 8588: 8582: 8581: 8573: 8567: 8566: 8538: 8532: 8531: 8499: 8490: 8489: 8487: 8485: 8471: 8465: 8464: 8462: 8460: 8432: 8426: 8425: 8405: 8399: 8398: 8389:(286): 140–141. 8378: 8372: 8371: 8362:(286): 139–141. 8351: 8345: 8339: 8333: 8332: 8323:(286): 137–139. 8312: 8306: 8305: 8273: 8267: 8261: 8252: 8251: 8229: 8223: 8222: 8214: 8208: 8207: 8190:(6): 1143–1169. 8175: 8169: 8168: 8166: 8164: 8134: 8132: 8130: 8102: 8096: 8090: 8072: 8063: 8062: 8044: 8038: 8037: 8035: 8033: 8005: 7996: 7995: 7993: 7991: 7974:Murtagh, Peter. 7971: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7960: 7942: 7933: 7932: 7930: 7928: 7900: 7898: 7896: 7861: 7855: 7854: 7852: 7850: 7833: 7827: 7826: 7794: 7781: 7780: 7748: 7739: 7733: 7724: 7723: 7721: 7719: 7705: 7699: 7698: 7680: 7674: 7673: 7635: 7629: 7628: 7626: 7624: 7603: 7597: 7596: 7571:(152): 671–687. 7556: 7547: 7546: 7544: 7542: 7527: 7521: 7520: 7518: 7516: 7505: 7499: 7493: 7487: 7481: 7475: 7474: 7448: 7442: 7441: 7423: 7417: 7416: 7398: 7392: 7391: 7389: 7387: 7364: 7358: 7341: 7335: 7329: 7323: 7317: 7311: 7305: 7299: 7293: 7287: 7286: 7278: 7272: 7269: 7263: 7260: 7254: 7251: 7245: 7230: 7219: 7204: 7198: 7192: 7186: 7180: 7174: 7168: 7162: 7156: 7150: 7144: 7138: 7132: 7126: 7120: 7114: 7108: 7102: 7087: 7081: 7066: 7060: 7053: 7047: 7040: 7034: 7020: 7014: 7007: 7001: 6987: 6981: 6966: 6960: 6945: 6939: 6936:The Sword Speech 6933: 6927: 6912: 6903: 6898:Michael Doheny, 6896: 6890: 6874: 6868: 6854: 6848: 6841: 6832: 6826: 6820: 6805: 6799: 6783: 6777: 6763: 6757: 6742: 6733: 6718: 6709: 6694: 6688: 6673: 6664: 6649: 6643: 6628: 6622: 6621: 6589: 6583: 6568: 6562: 6547: 6541: 6535: 6529: 6528: 6496: 6485: 6484: 6456: 6450: 6435: 6429: 6428: 6417: 6392: 6377: 6368: 6353: 6336: 6333:Articles 2 and 3 6329: 6323: 6320: 6314: 6306: 6242:Aontacht Éireann 6168:Northern Ireland 5835:Young Irelanders 5806: 5799: 5795: 5792: 5786: 5760: 5759: 5752: 5713:, international 5695: 5688: 5681: 5665: 5664: 5653: 5652: 5651: 5489:Social Democracy 5479:Rose Street Club 5474:Rose in the Fist 5469:Resolution Party 5464:Republican Union 5443:Republican Left 5306:Radical Movement 5172:Democratic Party 5162:Popular Councils 4995:Italian Radicals 4915:FDP.The Liberals 4867:Democratic Union 4473:Women's suffrage 4375:Social democracy 4345:Direct democracy 4315:Anti-clericalism 4233: 4232: 4185:Northern Ireland 4073:Marxist–Leninist 3855:Irish Free State 3834:Ireland Act 1949 3826:John A. Costello 3803: 3717:Northern Ireland 3652:Irish Free State 3578:sovereign courts 3399:Terence MacManus 3250:Daniel O'Connell 3240:, leader of the 3153: 3062:Lord Castlereagh 3058:Irish Parliament 2862: 2852: 2831: 2823: 2766: 2751: 2717:Owen Roe O'Neill 2480: 2473: 2466: 2452: 2451: 2436:Republican Party 2414:Peasant republic 2374:Communitarianism 2091:Classical Athens 2086: 2060: 2050: 2040: 2030: 2020: 2010: 2000: 1990: 1980: 1970: 1960: 1950: 1940: 1930: 1164:Mixed government 1098: 1097: 1088: 1081: 1074: 1058: 1057: 1056: 1046: 1045: 1027:(1948 newspaper) 1026: 1025:United Irishman 1019:(1848 newspaper) 1018: 1017:United Irishman 1012:The Sunday Press 987:The Irish People 826:Ógra Fianna Fáil 721: 690:Irish Volunteers 673: 665: 625: 577:Arm na Poblachta 514: 453:Aontacht Éireann 337:Peadar O'Donnell 332:Dáithí Ó Conaill 71:Anti-imperialism 53: 43: 32: 31: 21: 16948: 16947: 16943: 16942: 16941: 16939: 16938: 16937: 16893: 16892: 16891: 16886: 16877: 16875: 16860: 16828:outside Ireland 16799:Historic houses 16767: 16748:Irish Wolfhound 16719:Brighid's Cross 16705: 16676:Gaelic handball 16671:Gaelic football 16642: 16613:Hiberno-Normans 16582: 16495: 16443: 16398: 16379:Hiberno-English 16365: 16310: 16271: 16225: 16131: 16110: 16053: 16035: 16025: 16015: 15956: 15947:Ulster loyalism 15921: 15900: 15818: 15742: 15721: 15680: 15606:Dublin lock-out 15542:Confederate War 15493:Norman invasion 15480:Battles of Tara 15468: 15424:1801–1923 15412:1691–1800 15407:1536–1691 15395:1169–1536 15348: 15335: 15311: 15303: 15273: 15268: 15226: 15220: 15206:Northern Cyprus 15188: 15182: 15103:North Macedonia 14924: 14921: 14891: 14882: 14843: 14794: 14778: 14739: 14700: 14651: 14605: 14552: 14531: 14480: 14464: 14435: 14354: 14297: 14288: 14258: 14253: 14229: 14176: 14161: 14103: 14099:Early Scots law 14088:Early Irish law 14074: 14049: 14026:Scottish Gaelic 14020: 13961:Proto-Brittonic 13933: 13929:Beurla Reagaird 13905: 13901:Scottish Gaelic 13877: 13849: 13832: 13828:Columba Project 13808:Celtic Congress 13789: 13754: 13728: 13649: 13630: 13591:Gaelic handball 13581:Gaelic football 13566:Cornish hurling 13525: 13435: 13394: 13341: 13320: 13306:Gaelic clothing 13289: 13204: 13163: 13124:Manx literature 13081: 13058: 13037:Other claimants 13032: 12937: 12887:Celtic Congress 12863: 12846: 12742:Celtic calendar 12720: 12679: 12618: 12514: 12501: 12488: 12474:Welsh Americans 12394:Irish Catholics 12389:Irish Canadians 12369:Irish Americans 12327: 12301:Celtic diaspora 12296: 12230: 12159: 12151: 12138: 12105: 12096: 12066: 12061: 12050: 12045:Five techniques 12043: 12036: 12029: 12022: 12015: 12008: 12001: 11994: 11987: 11980: 11973: 11966: 11961:Ulster loyalism 11959: 11952: 11945: 11938: 11926: 11914: 11907: 11900: 11894: 11887: 11880: 11873: 11866: 11859: 11852: 11845: 11839: 11830: 11823: 11816: 11809: 11802: 11795: 11788: 11781: 11774: 11768: 11757: 11750: 11743: 11736: 11729: 11722: 11715: 11708: 11701: 11694: 11687: 11680: 11673: 11666: 11659: 11652: 11645: 11638: 11631: 11624: 11617: 11610: 11603: 11598:Teebane bombing 11596: 11589: 11582: 11575: 11568: 11561: 11554: 11547: 11540: 11533: 11526: 11519: 11512: 11505: 11498: 11491: 11484: 11477: 11470: 11463: 11456: 11449: 11442: 11435: 11428: 11421: 11414: 11407: 11400: 11393: 11386: 11379: 11372: 11365: 11358: 11351: 11344: 11337: 11330: 11323: 11316: 11309: 11302: 11295: 11288: 11281: 11274: 11267: 11260: 11253: 11246: 11239: 11232: 11225: 11218: 11211: 11204: 11197: 11190: 11183: 11176: 11169: 11162: 11155: 11148: 11141: 11134: 11127: 11120: 11113: 11106: 11099: 11093: 11076: 11069: 11062: 11055: 11049: 11042: 11035: 11028: 11021: 11014: 11007: 11000: 10993: 10986: 10979: 10972: 10965: 10959: 10946: 10939: 10933: 10926: 10919: 10912: 10905: 10898: 10891: 10884: 10877: 10870: 10865:Provisional IRA 10863: 10857: 10844: 10837: 10830: 10824: 10817: 10805: 10797: 10786: 10780: 10771: 10762: 10755: 10750: 10720: 10715: 10703: 10692: 10685: 10678: 10671: 10664: 10657: 10650: 10643: 10636: 10629: 10622: 10611: 10604: 10597: 10582: 10577:Joseph Plunkett 10575: 10568: 10561: 10554: 10547: 10540: 10533: 10522: 10515: 10508: 10501: 10494: 10487: 10480: 10473: 10466: 10459: 10452: 10445: 10438: 10431: 10417: 10411: 10406:Richard Mulcahy 10404: 10399:Michael Collins 10397: 10392:Patrick Moylett 10390: 10383: 10376: 10369: 10362: 10355: 10350:John Mulholland 10348: 10341: 10334: 10327: 10322:Charles Kickham 10320: 10313: 10308:Thomas J. Kelly 10306: 10299: 10288: 10281: 10274: 10267: 10260: 10253: 10246: 10230: 10219: 10210: 10203: 10198:Irish Civil War 10196: 10189: 10182: 10175: 10168: 10161: 10152: 10145: 10138: 10131: 10124: 10117: 10110: 10103: 10096: 10089: 10082: 10071: 10066: 10064: 10062: 10032: 10027: 9997: 9995: 9987: 9966: 9820: 9796:Irish tricolour 9740: 9735: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9647: 9613:Provisional IRA 9589: 9577:Irish Civil War 9522: 9476: 9466: 9422: 9421: 9378: 9377: 9355: 9354: 9332: 9331: 9300: 9299: 9274: 9246: 9245: 9211: 9210: 9188: 9187: 9164: 9162:Further reading 9154: 9116: 9076: 9046: 9041: 9040: 9030: 9028: 9017: 9013: 9003: 9001: 8989: 8985: 8975: 8973: 8963: 8959: 8949: 8947: 8934: 8933: 8929: 8923:Wayback Machine 8913: 8909: 8899: 8897: 8880: 8876: 8866: 8864: 8860: 8853: 8849: 8848: 8844: 8834: 8832: 8823: 8822: 8818: 8812:Wayback Machine 8802: 8798: 8788: 8786: 8769: 8765: 8755: 8753: 8736: 8727: 8722: 8718: 8712:Wayback Machine 8702: 8695: 8687: 8683: 8640: 8636: 8609:The Round Table 8601: 8597: 8589: 8585: 8574: 8570: 8563: 8539: 8535: 8500: 8493: 8483: 8481: 8473: 8472: 8468: 8458: 8456: 8447: 8433: 8429: 8406: 8402: 8379: 8375: 8352: 8348: 8340: 8336: 8313: 8309: 8274: 8270: 8264:McGlinchey 2019 8262: 8255: 8248: 8240:. p. 125. 8230: 8226: 8215: 8211: 8176: 8172: 8162: 8160: 8153: 8128: 8126: 8119: 8103: 8099: 8095:paginated 1–22. 8087: 8073: 8066: 8059: 8045: 8041: 8031: 8029: 8022: 8006: 7999: 7989: 7987: 7980:The Irish Times 7972: 7968: 7958: 7956: 7943: 7936: 7926: 7924: 7917: 7894: 7892: 7862: 7858: 7848: 7846: 7835: 7834: 7830: 7795: 7784: 7749: 7742: 7736:McGlinchey 2019 7734: 7727: 7717: 7715: 7707: 7706: 7702: 7695: 7681: 7677: 7636: 7632: 7622: 7620: 7605: 7604: 7600: 7557: 7550: 7540: 7538: 7529: 7528: 7524: 7514: 7512: 7507: 7506: 7502: 7494: 7490: 7482: 7478: 7463: 7449: 7445: 7438: 7424: 7420: 7413: 7399: 7395: 7385: 7383: 7366: 7365: 7361: 7342: 7338: 7330: 7326: 7318: 7314: 7306: 7302: 7294: 7290: 7283:Arthur Griffith 7279: 7275: 7270: 7266: 7261: 7257: 7252: 7248: 7231: 7222: 7205: 7201: 7193: 7189: 7181: 7177: 7171:McGlinchey 2019 7169: 7165: 7157: 7153: 7145: 7141: 7133: 7129: 7121: 7117: 7109: 7105: 7088: 7084: 7067: 7063: 7055:Ryan, Desmond, 7054: 7050: 7042:O'Leary, John, 7041: 7037: 7031:Wayback Machine 7022:An Phoblacht – 7021: 7017: 7009:Ryan, Desmond, 7008: 7004: 6988: 6984: 6967: 6963: 6946: 6942: 6934: 6930: 6913: 6906: 6897: 6893: 6884:Wayback Machine 6875: 6871: 6855: 6851: 6842: 6835: 6827: 6823: 6806: 6802: 6793:Wayback Machine 6784: 6780: 6764: 6760: 6743: 6736: 6719: 6712: 6695: 6691: 6674: 6667: 6650: 6646: 6629: 6625: 6590: 6586: 6569: 6565: 6548: 6544: 6536: 6532: 6497: 6488: 6481: 6457: 6453: 6436: 6432: 6419: 6418: 6395: 6378: 6371: 6354: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6339: 6330: 6326: 6321: 6317: 6307: 6303: 6298: 6281: 6254:Charles Haughey 6228:Éamon de Valera 6206:"The Emergency" 6145: 6086:Cathal Goulding 6074:Seamus Costello 5930: 5925: 5910:memorialisation 5905: 5860: 5823: 5807: 5796: 5790: 5787: 5776: 5761: 5757: 5750: 5727: 5699: 5659: 5649: 5647: 5640: 5639: 5615: 5607: 5606: 5542: 5534: 5533: 4731: 4723: 4722: 4503: 4495: 4494: 4426:Reform movement 4325:Civil liberties 4310: 4302: 4301: 4297:Progressive Era 4255: 4231: 4142: 4117:blanket protest 4085:Provisional IRA 4068:Cathal Goulding 4064: 3991: 3983:Border Campaign 3847: 3842: 3713:Irish Civil War 3674:Éamon de Valera 3658: 3656:Irish Civil War 3646:Main articles: 3644: 3628:Arthur Griffith 3618:negotiated the 3558:Anglo-Irish War 3554:Michael Collins 3550:Richard Mulcahy 3514:King Edward VII 3510:Arthur Griffith 3465: 3459: 3357:Charles Kickham 3315: 3313:Fenian movement 3186: 3170:Main articles: 3168: 3154: 3148: 3110:Trinity College 3102: 3094:King George III 3021: 3013:Main articles: 3011: 2883: 2875:Main articles: 2873: 2812:Stuart monarchy 2777: 2776: 2775: 2774: 2773: 2767: 2759: 2758: 2752: 2743: 2742: 2733:Habsburg Empire 2691:as part of the 2644: 2632:Nine Years' War 2570: 2565: 2526:Irish Civil War 2484: 2446: 2441: 2440: 2359: 2351: 2350: 2254: 2246: 2245: 2131:Trienio Liberal 2072: 2064: 2063: 2058: 2048: 2038: 2028: 2018: 2008: 1998: 1988: 1978: 1968: 1958: 1948: 1938: 1928: 1919: 1911: 1910: 1646:Flynn (Stephen) 1531: 1523: 1522: 1363: 1355: 1354: 1280: 1272: 1271: 1227: 1219: 1218: 1214:Social equality 1209:Social contract 1199:Self-governance 1154:Democratization 1129:Anti-corruption 1124:Anti-monarchism 1119: 1103:Politics series 1092: 1054: 1052: 1040: 1033: 1032: 992:The Irish Press 982:The Irish Felon 957:Republican News 927: 919: 918: 864:Dungannon Clubs 844: 836: 835: 831:Ógra Shinn Féin 756: 748: 747: 700:Provisional IRA 639:Connolly Column 587:Cumann na mBan‎ 569: 568:Militant groups 561: 560: 438: 437:Defunct parties 430: 429: 385: 377: 376: 292:Thomas J. Kelly 287:Cathal Goulding 277:Éamon de Valera 272:Seamus Costello 242: 234: 233: 204:Border Campaign 189:Irish Civil War 129: 121: 120: 61: 41: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 16946: 16936: 16935: 16930: 16925: 16920: 16915: 16910: 16905: 16888: 16887: 16873: 16870: 16869: 16866: 16865: 16862: 16861: 16859: 16858: 16853: 16848: 16839: 16830: 16821: 16816: 16811: 16806: 16801: 16796: 16794:Heritage Sites 16791: 16786: 16781: 16775: 16773: 16769: 16768: 16766: 16765: 16760: 16755: 16750: 16745: 16744: 16743: 16733: 16728: 16721: 16715: 16713: 16707: 16706: 16704: 16703: 16698: 16693: 16688: 16683: 16678: 16673: 16668: 16663: 16658: 16652: 16650: 16644: 16643: 16641: 16640: 16635: 16630: 16625: 16620: 16618:Irish diaspora 16615: 16610: 16609: 16608: 16606:Gaelic Ireland 16598: 16592: 16590: 16584: 16583: 16581: 16580: 16575: 16568: 16561: 16554: 16547: 16540: 16533: 16532: 16531: 16526: 16521: 16516: 16505: 16503: 16497: 16496: 16494: 16493: 16488: 16483: 16478: 16477: 16476: 16466: 16459: 16453: 16451: 16445: 16444: 16442: 16441: 16436: 16431: 16426: 16419: 16414: 16408: 16406: 16400: 16399: 16397: 16396: 16391: 16386: 16381: 16375: 16373: 16367: 16366: 16364: 16363: 16358: 16349: 16347:Rose of Tralee 16344: 16339: 16334: 16329: 16324: 16318: 16316: 16312: 16311: 16309: 16308: 16303: 16298: 16291: 16285: 16283: 16277: 16276: 16273: 16272: 16270: 16269: 16264: 16259: 16254: 16249: 16244: 16239: 16233: 16231: 16227: 16226: 16224: 16223: 16218: 16213: 16208: 16203: 16198: 16193: 16188: 16183: 16178: 16173: 16168: 16163: 16158: 16156:List of dishes 16152: 16150: 16143: 16133: 16132: 16120: 16119: 16116: 16115: 16112: 16111: 16109: 16108: 16103: 16098: 16097: 16096: 16086: 16081: 16076: 16075: 16074: 16072:D'Hondt method 16063: 16061: 16055: 16054: 16052: 16051: 16046: 16045: 16044: 16039: 16033:Seanad Éireann 16029: 16009: 16004: 15999: 15998: 15997: 15987: 15982: 15977: 15972: 15966: 15964: 15958: 15957: 15955: 15954: 15949: 15944: 15939: 15933: 15931: 15923: 15922: 15910: 15909: 15906: 15905: 15902: 15901: 15899: 15898: 15893: 15888: 15883: 15878: 15873: 15868: 15863: 15854: 15849: 15844: 15843: 15842: 15837: 15826: 15824: 15820: 15819: 15817: 15816: 15807: 15806: 15805: 15795: 15790: 15785: 15780: 15775: 15773:Extreme points 15770: 15765: 15763:Climate change 15760: 15754: 15752: 15744: 15743: 15731: 15730: 15727: 15726: 15723: 15722: 15720: 15719: 15714: 15709: 15704: 15699: 15694: 15688: 15686: 15682: 15681: 15679: 15678: 15673: 15668: 15663: 15658: 15653: 15648: 15643: 15638: 15633: 15628: 15623: 15618: 15613: 15608: 15603: 15598: 15593: 15588: 15583: 15581:1803 Rebellion 15578: 15573: 15571:1798 Rebellion 15568: 15563: 15558: 15556:Williamite War 15553: 15544: 15538:1641 Rebellion 15535: 15530: 15525: 15520: 15518:Spanish Armada 15515: 15510: 15508:Tudor conquest 15505: 15500: 15498:Bruce campaign 15495: 15490: 15476: 15474: 15470: 15469: 15467: 15466: 15461: 15456: 15455: 15454: 15444: 15443:(1921–present) 15438: 15433: 15431:Irish Republic 15428: 15427: 15426: 15416: 15415: 15414: 15409: 15399: 15398: 15397: 15392: 15390:800–1169 15381:Gaelic Ireland 15378: 15373: 15368: 15362: 15360: 15350: 15349: 15337: 15336: 15334: 15333: 15325: 15316: 15313: 15312: 15302: 15301: 15294: 15287: 15279: 15270: 15269: 15267: 15266: 15261: 15256: 15251: 15246: 15241: 15236: 15230: 15228: 15227:other entities 15222: 15221: 15219: 15218: 15213: 15208: 15203: 15198: 15192: 15190: 15184: 15183: 15181: 15180: 15178:United Kingdom 15175: 15170: 15165: 15160: 15155: 15150: 15145: 15140: 15135: 15130: 15125: 15120: 15115: 15110: 15105: 15100: 15095: 15090: 15085: 15080: 15075: 15070: 15065: 15060: 15055: 15050: 15045: 15043: 15038: 15033: 15028: 15023: 15018: 15013: 15008: 15003: 14998: 14993: 14991:Czech Republic 14988: 14983: 14978: 14973: 14968: 14963: 14958: 14953: 14948: 14943: 14938: 14932: 14930: 14926: 14925: 14920: 14919: 14912: 14905: 14897: 14888: 14887: 14884: 14883: 14868: 14867: 14862: 14857: 14851: 14849: 14845: 14844: 14842: 14841: 14836: 14831: 14826: 14821: 14816: 14810: 14804: 14800: 14799: 14796: 14795: 14793: 14792: 14786: 14784: 14780: 14779: 14777: 14776: 14771: 14766: 14761: 14755: 14749: 14745: 14744: 14741: 14740: 14725: 14724: 14719: 14714: 14708: 14706: 14702: 14701: 14699: 14698: 14693: 14688: 14683: 14678: 14673: 14667: 14661: 14657: 14656: 14653: 14652: 14650: 14649: 14644: 14639: 14634: 14629: 14624: 14619: 14613: 14611: 14607: 14606: 14604: 14603: 14602: 14601: 14591: 14586: 14581: 14580: 14579: 14568: 14562: 14558: 14557: 14554: 14553: 14551: 14550: 14545: 14539: 14537: 14533: 14532: 14530: 14529: 14524: 14523: 14522: 14512: 14507: 14502: 14496: 14490: 14486: 14485: 14482: 14481: 14479: 14478: 14472: 14470: 14466: 14465: 14463: 14462: 14457: 14451: 14445: 14441: 14440: 14437: 14436: 14421: 14420: 14415: 14410: 14405: 14403:National Front 14400: 14395: 14390: 14383: 14378: 14373: 14368: 14362: 14360: 14356: 14355: 14353: 14352: 14347: 14342: 14341: 14340: 14330: 14325: 14320: 14315: 14309: 14303: 14299: 14298: 14295:United Kingdom 14287: 14286: 14279: 14272: 14264: 14255: 14254: 14252: 14251: 14244: 14238: 14235: 14234: 14231: 14230: 14228: 14227: 14222: 14217: 14212: 14207: 14202: 14197: 14192: 14187: 14181: 14178: 14177: 14167: 14166: 14163: 14162: 14160: 14159: 14154: 14149: 14144: 14139: 14134: 14129: 14124: 14119: 14117:Gaelic warfare 14113: 14111: 14105: 14104: 14102: 14101: 14096: 14093:Cyfraith Hywel 14090: 14084: 14082: 14076: 14075: 14059: 14058: 14055: 14054: 14051: 14050: 14048: 14047: 14042: 14040:Deeside Gaelic 14037: 14031: 14029: 14022: 14021: 14019: 14018: 14013: 14011:Hispano-Celtic 14008: 14003: 13998: 13993: 13988: 13983: 13978: 13973: 13968: 13966:Proto-Goidelic 13963: 13958: 13952: 13950: 13941: 13935: 13934: 13932: 13931: 13926: 13921: 13915: 13913: 13907: 13906: 13904: 13903: 13898: 13893: 13887: 13885: 13879: 13878: 13876: 13875: 13870: 13865: 13859: 13857: 13851: 13850: 13838: 13837: 13834: 13833: 13831: 13830: 13825: 13820: 13818:Celtic society 13815: 13813:Celtic Revival 13810: 13805: 13799: 13797: 13791: 13790: 13788: 13787: 13781:United Ireland 13778: 13773: 13768: 13762: 13760: 13756: 13755: 13753: 13752: 13747: 13742: 13736: 13734: 13730: 13729: 13727: 13726: 13725: 13724: 13714: 13713: 13712: 13702: 13697: 13692: 13687: 13686: 13685: 13675: 13674: 13673: 13668: 13657: 13655: 13651: 13650: 13640: 13639: 13636: 13635: 13632: 13631: 13629: 13628: 13626:Welsh handball 13623: 13618: 13613: 13608: 13606:Highland games 13603: 13598: 13593: 13588: 13578: 13573: 13568: 13563: 13556: 13551: 13546: 13539: 13533: 13531: 13527: 13526: 13524: 13523: 13518: 13513: 13508: 13503: 13498: 13493: 13492: 13491: 13482: 13473: 13464: 13449: 13447: 13441: 13440: 13437: 13436: 13434: 13433: 13428: 13423: 13418: 13413: 13408: 13402: 13400: 13393: 13392: 13387: 13382: 13377: 13372: 13367: 13362: 13357: 13351: 13349: 13343: 13342: 13340: 13339: 13334: 13332:Gaelic culture 13328: 13326: 13322: 13321: 13319: 13318: 13313: 13311:Highland dress 13308: 13303: 13297: 13295: 13291: 13290: 13288: 13287: 13282: 13277: 13275:Pictish stones 13272: 13267: 13262: 13257: 13252: 13247: 13242: 13237: 13232: 13231: 13230: 13220: 13214: 13212: 13206: 13205: 13203: 13202: 13197: 13192: 13187: 13182: 13177: 13171: 13169: 13165: 13164: 13162: 13161: 13156: 13151: 13146: 13141: 13136: 13131: 13126: 13121: 13116: 13111: 13106: 13101: 13095: 13093: 13083: 13082: 13072: 13071: 13068: 13067: 13064: 13063: 13060: 13059: 13057: 13056: 13051: 13046: 13040: 13038: 13034: 13033: 13031: 13030: 13018: 13006: 12994: 12982: 12970: 12957: 12955: 12945: 12936: 12935: 12934: 12933: 12928: 12918: 12913: 12912: 12911: 12901: 12900: 12899: 12894: 12889: 12879: 12877:Celtic nations 12874: 12872:Celtic Revival 12868: 12865: 12864: 12852: 12851: 12848: 12847: 12845: 12844: 12839: 12829: 12824: 12819: 12814: 12809: 12804: 12799: 12794: 12789: 12784: 12779: 12774: 12769: 12764: 12759: 12754: 12749: 12744: 12739: 12734: 12728: 12726: 12722: 12721: 12719: 12718: 12713: 12708: 12703: 12698: 12693: 12687: 12685: 12681: 12680: 12678: 12677: 12672: 12667: 12662: 12657: 12652: 12647: 12645:Celtic Animism 12642: 12640:Celtic deities 12637: 12632: 12626: 12624: 12620: 12619: 12617: 12616: 12611: 12606: 12601: 12599:Cisalpine Gaul 12596: 12595: 12594: 12589: 12571: 12562: 12537: 12528: 12526:Gaelic Ireland 12522: 12520: 12516: 12515: 12503: 12502: 12495: 12493: 12490: 12489: 12487: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12471: 12466: 12461: 12456: 12451: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12431: 12426: 12424:Manx Americans 12421: 12416: 12411: 12406: 12401: 12399:Irish Chileans 12396: 12391: 12386: 12381: 12376: 12371: 12366: 12364:English people 12361: 12356: 12351: 12346: 12341: 12335: 12333: 12329: 12328: 12326: 12325: 12323:Welsh diaspora 12320: 12315: 12313:Irish diaspora 12310: 12304: 12302: 12298: 12297: 12295: 12294: 12293: 12292: 12291: 12290: 12279: 12274: 12273: 12272: 12256: 12251: 12246: 12240: 12238: 12232: 12231: 12229: 12228: 12223: 12218: 12213: 12208: 12203: 12198: 12193: 12188: 12183: 12178: 12173: 12167: 12165: 12153: 12152: 12140: 12139: 12120:Celtic studies 12112:Celtic nations 12110: 12107: 12106: 12095: 12094: 12087: 12080: 12072: 12063: 12062: 12049: 12048: 12041: 12038:HM Prison Maze 12034: 12027: 12020: 12013: 12006: 11999: 11992: 11985: 11978: 11971: 11968:United Ireland 11964: 11957: 11950: 11943: 11936: 11923: 11920: 11919: 11916: 11915: 11913: 11912: 11905: 11897: 11895: 11892: 11889: 11888: 11886: 11885: 11878: 11871: 11864: 11857: 11850: 11842: 11840: 11835: 11832: 11831: 11829: 11828: 11821: 11814: 11807: 11800: 11793: 11786: 11779: 11771: 11769: 11764: 11758: 11755: 11752: 11751: 11749: 11748: 11741: 11734: 11727: 11720: 11713: 11706: 11699: 11692: 11685: 11678: 11671: 11664: 11657: 11650: 11643: 11636: 11629: 11622: 11615: 11608: 11601: 11594: 11587: 11580: 11573: 11566: 11563:Proxy bombings 11559: 11552: 11545: 11538: 11531: 11524: 11517: 11510: 11503: 11496: 11489: 11482: 11475: 11468: 11461: 11454: 11447: 11440: 11433: 11426: 11419: 11412: 11405: 11398: 11391: 11384: 11377: 11370: 11363: 11356: 11349: 11342: 11335: 11328: 11321: 11314: 11307: 11300: 11293: 11286: 11279: 11272: 11265: 11258: 11251: 11244: 11237: 11230: 11223: 11216: 11209: 11202: 11195: 11188: 11181: 11174: 11167: 11160: 11153: 11146: 11139: 11132: 11125: 11118: 11111: 11104: 11096: 11094: 11089: 11086: 11085: 11082: 11081: 11078: 11077: 11075: 11074: 11067: 11060: 11052: 11050: 11047: 11041: 11040: 11033: 11026: 11019: 11012: 11005: 10998: 10991: 10984: 10977: 10970: 10962: 10960: 10955: 10952: 10951: 10948: 10947: 10945: 10944: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10925: 10924: 10917: 10910: 10903: 10896: 10893:Continuity IRA 10889: 10882: 10875: 10868: 10860: 10858: 10853: 10850: 10849: 10846: 10845: 10843: 10842: 10839:Garda Síochána 10835: 10832:Defence Forces 10827: 10825: 10822: 10819: 10818: 10816: 10815: 10803: 10795: 10783: 10781: 10779:United Kingdom 10778: 10772: 10769: 10763: 10760: 10757: 10756: 10749: 10748: 10741: 10734: 10726: 10717: 10716: 10714: 10713: 10700: 10698: 10694: 10693: 10691: 10690: 10683: 10676: 10669: 10662: 10655: 10652:Fianna Éireann 10648: 10641: 10634: 10631:Cumann na mBan 10627: 10619: 10617: 10613: 10612: 10610: 10609: 10602: 10594: 10592: 10588: 10587: 10584: 10583: 10581: 10580: 10573: 10570:Patrick Pearse 10566: 10563:Diarmuid Lynch 10559: 10552: 10545: 10538: 10530: 10528: 10524: 10523: 10521: 10520: 10513: 10506: 10499: 10492: 10485: 10482:Michael Doheny 10478: 10471: 10464: 10461:Michael Davitt 10457: 10450: 10443: 10436: 10428: 10426: 10419: 10413: 10412: 10410: 10409: 10402: 10395: 10388: 10381: 10374: 10367: 10360: 10353: 10346: 10339: 10332: 10325: 10318: 10311: 10304: 10301:James Stephens 10296: 10294: 10290: 10289: 10287: 10286: 10279: 10272: 10265: 10258: 10251: 10248:Catalpa rescue 10244: 10227: 10225: 10221: 10220: 10213: 10211: 10209: 10208: 10201: 10194: 10187: 10180: 10177:Irish Republic 10173: 10166: 10159: 10150: 10147:Obstructionism 10143: 10136: 10129: 10122: 10115: 10108: 10101: 10094: 10087: 10079: 10077: 10073: 10072: 10061: 10060: 10053: 10046: 10038: 10029: 10028: 10026: 10025: 10015: 10005: 9992: 9989: 9988: 9986: 9985: 9980: 9974: 9972: 9968: 9967: 9965: 9964: 9959: 9957:James Stephens 9954: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9909: 9904: 9899: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9857:Michael Doheny 9854: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9828: 9826: 9822: 9821: 9819: 9818: 9813: 9808: 9803: 9798: 9793: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9754: 9748: 9746: 9742: 9741: 9734: 9733: 9726: 9719: 9711: 9702: 9701: 9697: 9696: 9694: 9693: 9688: 9683: 9678: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9650: 9648: 9646: 9645: 9640: 9638:Continuity IRA 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9592: 9590: 9588: 9587: 9573: 9572: 9569:Irish Republic 9554: 9553: 9551:Cumann na mBan 9548: 9543: 9538: 9536:Fianna Éireann 9525: 9523: 9521: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9489: 9487: 9481: 9478: 9477: 9465: 9464: 9457: 9450: 9442: 9436: 9435: 9412: 9400: 9391: 9368: 9345: 9322: 9313: 9287: 9278: 9272: 9259: 9236: 9224: 9201: 9178: 9163: 9160: 9159: 9158: 9152: 9129: 9120: 9114: 9097: 9088: 9074: 9045: 9042: 9039: 9038: 9011: 8983: 8957: 8927: 8925:, 2012, p. 162 8907: 8874: 8842: 8816: 8814:, 2012, p. 161 8796: 8763: 8725: 8716: 8714:, 2012, p. 164 8693: 8691:, p. 103. 8681: 8654:(4): 539–562. 8634: 8595: 8593:, p. 102. 8583: 8568: 8561: 8533: 8514:(3): 325–345. 8491: 8466: 8427: 8400: 8373: 8346: 8334: 8307: 8288:(1): 139–175. 8268: 8253: 8246: 8238:Lilliput Press 8224: 8209: 8170: 8151: 8117: 8097: 8093:online reprint 8085: 8064: 8057: 8039: 8020: 7997: 7966: 7934: 7915: 7867:(1 May 2000). 7856: 7828: 7782: 7763:(2): 126–144. 7740: 7725: 7700: 7693: 7675: 7648:(3): 421–422. 7630: 7598: 7548: 7522: 7500: 7488: 7486:, p. 139. 7476: 7461: 7443: 7436: 7418: 7411: 7393: 7359: 7336: 7324: 7322:, p. 140. 7312: 7300: 7288: 7273: 7264: 7255: 7246: 7220: 7199: 7187: 7175: 7163: 7161:, p. 204. 7151: 7149:, p. 200. 7139: 7137:, p. 201. 7127: 7115: 7103: 7089:O Broin, Leon 7082: 7061: 7048: 7035: 7015: 7002: 6982: 6961: 6940: 6928: 6904: 6891: 6869: 6849: 6833: 6821: 6800: 6778: 6758: 6734: 6710: 6689: 6665: 6644: 6623: 6604:(2): 151–166. 6584: 6563: 6542: 6538:Patterson 2013 6530: 6486: 6479: 6451: 6430: 6421:"The Republic" 6393: 6369: 6347: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6338: 6337: 6324: 6315: 6300: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6293: 6292: 6287: 6280: 6277: 6276: 6275: 6248:caused by the 6239: 6209: 6183: 6171: 6144: 6141: 6140: 6139: 6129: 6111: 6097: 6078:James Connolly 6063: 6056:Continuity IRA 6041: 6031: 6012: 5992: 5983:and 26 in the 5965:Workers' Party 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5904: 5903:Historiography 5901: 5859: 5856: 5837:in the 1840s, 5822: 5819: 5809: 5808: 5764: 5762: 5755: 5749: 5746: 5726: 5723: 5717:, socialists, 5701: 5700: 5698: 5697: 5690: 5683: 5675: 5672: 5671: 5670: 5669: 5657: 5642: 5641: 5638: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5616: 5613: 5612: 5609: 5608: 5605: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5543: 5540: 5539: 5536: 5535: 5532: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5514:Ultra-radicals 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5460: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5407: 5406: 5401: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5382: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5363: 5358: 5357: 5356: 5351: 5343: 5342: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5315:Radical Party 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5292: 5291: 5286: 5278: 5276:Radical League 5273: 5268: 5267: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5227: 5226: 5216: 5214:Radical Change 5211: 5206: 5201: 5200: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5181: 5176: 5175: 5174: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5153: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5134: 5132:People's Party 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5097:National Union 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5018: 5017: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4899:Fabian Society 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4875: 4874: 4864: 4863: 4862: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4840:Democrat Party 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4816: 4815: 4810: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4789: 4788: 4783: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4747: 4746: 4741: 4732: 4729: 4728: 4725: 4724: 4721: 4720: 4718:Wollstonecraft 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4504: 4501: 4500: 4497: 4496: 4493: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4480:Utilitarianism 4477: 4476: 4475: 4465: 4460: 4458:Social justice 4455: 4450: 4449: 4448: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4412: 4411: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4390: 4389: 4382:Libertarianism 4379: 4378: 4377: 4367: 4365:Labor movement 4362: 4357: 4352: 4350:Egalitarianism 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4311: 4308: 4307: 4304: 4303: 4300: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4278: 4277: 4272: 4262: 4256: 4253: 4252: 4249: 4248: 4242: 4241: 4230: 4227: 4162:Peter Brooke's 4152:, such as the 4141: 4138: 4063: 4060: 4022:united Ireland 3990: 3987: 3939:Gerrymandering 3924:, had its own 3918: 3917: 3906: 3899: 3892: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3721:W. T. Cosgrave 3643: 3640: 3562:Black and Tans 3538:Irish Republic 3461:Main article: 3458: 3455: 3427:British Canada 3416:Irish question 3392:Gaelic Ireland 3369:Michael Doheny 3349:James Stephens 3314: 3311: 3278:John O'Connell 3212:Irish language 3167: 3164: 3160:Harold's Cross 3149:Robert Emmet, 3146: 3101: 3098: 3074:Irish peerages 3010: 3007: 3003:County Wexford 2987:County Kildare 2945:Samuel Neilson 2933:Thomas Russell 2872: 2869: 2865:Conor O'Mahony 2785:Hugh O'Donnell 2768: 2761: 2760: 2753: 2746: 2745: 2744: 2740: 2739: 2738: 2737: 2713:Florence Conry 2689:Habsburg Spain 2664:Tomás Ó Fiaich 2648:Dutch Republic 2643: 2640: 2605:Hiberno-Norman 2583:Following the 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2505:, void of any 2503:Irish republic 2486: 2485: 2483: 2482: 2475: 2468: 2460: 2457: 2456: 2443: 2442: 2439: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2384:Egalitarianism 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2360: 2358:Related topics 2357: 2356: 2353: 2352: 2349: 2348: 2343: 2342: 2341: 2336: 2329:United Kingdom 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2255: 2252: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2111:Dutch Republic 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2079: 2077:Roman Republic 2073: 2070: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2062: 2061: 2051: 2041: 2031: 2021: 2011: 2001: 1991: 1981: 1971: 1961: 1951: 1941: 1931: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1913: 1912: 1909: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1525: 1524: 1521: 1520: 1518:Wollstonecraft 1515: 1510: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1364: 1361: 1360: 1357: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1281: 1278: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1228: 1225: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1106: 1105: 1094: 1093: 1091: 1090: 1083: 1076: 1068: 1065: 1064: 1063: 1062: 1050: 1035: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1022: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 928: 925: 924: 921: 920: 917: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 845: 842: 841: 838: 837: 834: 833: 828: 823: 818: 813: 808: 803: 798: 793: 788: 783: 778: 773: 768: 763: 757: 754: 753: 750: 749: 746: 745: 740: 735: 730: 725: 717: 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 682: 677: 669: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 630: 629: 621: 610: 609: 604: 599: 594: 592:Fianna Éireann 589: 584: 582:Continuity IRA 579: 570: 567: 566: 563: 562: 559: 558: 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 460: 455: 450: 445: 439: 436: 435: 432: 431: 428: 427: 422: 417: 412: 407: 402: 397: 392: 386: 384:Active parties 383: 382: 379: 378: 375: 374: 369: 364: 362:James Stephens 359: 354: 349: 347:Patrick Pearse 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 279: 274: 269: 267:James Connolly 264: 259: 254: 249: 243: 240: 239: 236: 235: 232: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 136: 130: 127: 126: 123: 122: 119: 118: 116:United Ireland 113: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 62: 59: 58: 55: 54: 46: 45: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16945: 16934: 16931: 16929: 16926: 16924: 16921: 16919: 16916: 16914: 16911: 16909: 16906: 16904: 16901: 16900: 16898: 16885: 16884: 16871: 16857: 16854: 16852: 16851:Public houses 16849: 16847: 16843: 16840: 16838: 16834: 16831: 16829: 16825: 16822: 16820: 16817: 16815: 16812: 16810: 16807: 16805: 16802: 16800: 16797: 16795: 16792: 16790: 16787: 16785: 16782: 16780: 16777: 16776: 16774: 16770: 16764: 16761: 16759: 16756: 16754: 16751: 16749: 16746: 16742: 16739: 16738: 16737: 16734: 16732: 16729: 16727: 16726: 16722: 16720: 16717: 16716: 16714: 16712: 16708: 16702: 16699: 16697: 16694: 16692: 16689: 16687: 16684: 16682: 16679: 16677: 16674: 16672: 16669: 16667: 16664: 16662: 16659: 16657: 16654: 16653: 16651: 16649: 16645: 16639: 16636: 16634: 16631: 16629: 16626: 16624: 16621: 16619: 16616: 16614: 16611: 16607: 16604: 16603: 16602: 16599: 16597: 16594: 16593: 16591: 16589: 16585: 16579: 16576: 16574: 16573: 16569: 16567: 16566: 16562: 16560: 16559: 16555: 16553: 16552: 16548: 16546: 16545: 16541: 16539: 16538: 16534: 16530: 16527: 16525: 16522: 16520: 16517: 16515: 16512: 16511: 16510: 16507: 16506: 16504: 16502: 16498: 16492: 16489: 16487: 16484: 16482: 16479: 16475: 16472: 16471: 16470: 16467: 16465: 16464: 16460: 16458: 16455: 16454: 16452: 16450: 16446: 16440: 16437: 16435: 16432: 16430: 16427: 16425: 16424: 16420: 16418: 16415: 16413: 16410: 16409: 16407: 16405: 16401: 16395: 16392: 16390: 16387: 16385: 16382: 16380: 16377: 16376: 16374: 16372: 16368: 16362: 16359: 16357: 16353: 16350: 16348: 16345: 16343: 16340: 16338: 16335: 16333: 16330: 16328: 16325: 16323: 16320: 16319: 16317: 16313: 16307: 16304: 16302: 16299: 16297: 16296: 16292: 16290: 16287: 16286: 16284: 16282: 16278: 16268: 16265: 16263: 16260: 16258: 16255: 16253: 16250: 16248: 16245: 16243: 16240: 16238: 16235: 16234: 16232: 16228: 16222: 16219: 16217: 16214: 16212: 16209: 16207: 16204: 16202: 16199: 16197: 16194: 16192: 16189: 16187: 16184: 16182: 16179: 16177: 16174: 16172: 16169: 16167: 16164: 16162: 16159: 16157: 16154: 16153: 16151: 16147: 16144: 16142: 16138: 16134: 16130: 16125: 16121: 16107: 16106:Peace process 16104: 16102: 16099: 16095: 16092: 16091: 16090: 16087: 16085: 16082: 16080: 16077: 16073: 16070: 16069: 16068: 16065: 16064: 16062: 16060: 16056: 16050: 16047: 16043: 16040: 16038: 16036:(upper house) 16034: 16030: 16028: 16026:(lower house) 16024: 16020: 16019: 16018: 16014: 16010: 16008: 16005: 16003: 16000: 15996: 15993: 15992: 15991: 15988: 15986: 15983: 15981: 15978: 15976: 15973: 15971: 15968: 15967: 15965: 15963: 15959: 15953: 15950: 15948: 15945: 15943: 15942:Republicanism 15940: 15938: 15935: 15934: 15932: 15928: 15924: 15920: 15915: 15911: 15897: 15894: 15892: 15889: 15887: 15884: 15882: 15879: 15877: 15874: 15872: 15869: 15867: 15864: 15862: 15858: 15855: 15853: 15850: 15848: 15845: 15841: 15838: 15836: 15833: 15832: 15831: 15828: 15827: 15825: 15821: 15815: 15811: 15808: 15804: 15801: 15800: 15799: 15796: 15794: 15791: 15789: 15786: 15784: 15781: 15779: 15776: 15774: 15771: 15769: 15766: 15764: 15761: 15759: 15756: 15755: 15753: 15749: 15745: 15741: 15736: 15732: 15718: 15715: 15713: 15710: 15708: 15705: 15703: 15700: 15698: 15695: 15693: 15690: 15689: 15687: 15683: 15677: 15674: 15672: 15669: 15667: 15664: 15662: 15659: 15657: 15656:Peace process 15654: 15652: 15649: 15647: 15644: 15642: 15639: 15637: 15636:The Emergency 15634: 15632: 15629: 15627: 15624: 15622: 15619: 15617: 15616:Easter Rising 15614: 15612: 15609: 15607: 15604: 15602: 15601:Fenian Rising 15599: 15597: 15594: 15592: 15589: 15587: 15584: 15582: 15579: 15577: 15574: 15572: 15569: 15567: 15564: 15562: 15559: 15557: 15554: 15552: 15548: 15545: 15543: 15539: 15536: 15534: 15531: 15529: 15526: 15524: 15521: 15519: 15516: 15514: 15511: 15509: 15506: 15504: 15501: 15499: 15496: 15494: 15491: 15489: 15485: 15481: 15478: 15477: 15475: 15471: 15465: 15462: 15460: 15457: 15453: 15450: 15449: 15448: 15445: 15442: 15439: 15437: 15434: 15432: 15429: 15425: 15422: 15421: 15420: 15417: 15413: 15410: 15408: 15405: 15404: 15403: 15400: 15396: 15393: 15391: 15388: 15387: 15386: 15382: 15379: 15377: 15376:Early history 15374: 15372: 15369: 15367: 15364: 15363: 15361: 15359: 15355: 15351: 15347: 15342: 15338: 15332: 15329: 15326: 15324: 15321: 15318: 15317: 15314: 15310: 15307: 15300: 15295: 15293: 15288: 15286: 15281: 15280: 15277: 15265: 15262: 15260: 15257: 15255: 15252: 15250: 15247: 15245: 15242: 15240: 15239:Faroe Islands 15237: 15235: 15232: 15231: 15229: 15223: 15217: 15214: 15212: 15211:South Ossetia 15209: 15207: 15204: 15202: 15199: 15197: 15194: 15193: 15191: 15185: 15179: 15176: 15174: 15171: 15169: 15166: 15164: 15161: 15159: 15156: 15154: 15151: 15149: 15146: 15144: 15141: 15139: 15136: 15134: 15131: 15129: 15126: 15124: 15121: 15119: 15116: 15114: 15111: 15109: 15106: 15104: 15101: 15099: 15096: 15094: 15091: 15089: 15086: 15084: 15081: 15079: 15076: 15074: 15071: 15069: 15066: 15064: 15063:Liechtenstein 15061: 15059: 15056: 15054: 15051: 15049: 15046: 15044: 15042: 15039: 15037: 15034: 15032: 15029: 15027: 15024: 15022: 15019: 15017: 15014: 15012: 15009: 15007: 15004: 15002: 14999: 14997: 14994: 14992: 14989: 14987: 14984: 14982: 14979: 14977: 14974: 14972: 14969: 14967: 14964: 14962: 14959: 14957: 14954: 14952: 14949: 14947: 14944: 14942: 14939: 14937: 14934: 14933: 14931: 14927: 14918: 14913: 14911: 14906: 14904: 14899: 14898: 14895: 14881: 14878: 14874: 14866: 14863: 14861: 14858: 14856: 14853: 14852: 14850: 14848:Organisations 14846: 14840: 14837: 14835: 14834:Republicanism 14832: 14830: 14827: 14825: 14822: 14820: 14817: 14815: 14812: 14811: 14808: 14805: 14801: 14791: 14788: 14787: 14785: 14783:Organisations 14781: 14775: 14772: 14770: 14767: 14765: 14762: 14760: 14757: 14756: 14753: 14750: 14746: 14738: 14735: 14731: 14723: 14720: 14718: 14715: 14713: 14710: 14709: 14707: 14705:Organisations 14703: 14697: 14694: 14692: 14691:Republicanism 14689: 14687: 14684: 14682: 14679: 14677: 14674: 14672: 14669: 14668: 14665: 14662: 14658: 14648: 14645: 14643: 14640: 14638: 14635: 14633: 14630: 14628: 14625: 14623: 14620: 14618: 14615: 14614: 14612: 14610:Organisations 14608: 14600: 14597: 14596: 14595: 14592: 14590: 14587: 14585: 14584:Republicanism 14582: 14578: 14575: 14574: 14573: 14570: 14569: 14566: 14563: 14559: 14549: 14546: 14544: 14541: 14540: 14538: 14536:Organisations 14534: 14528: 14525: 14521: 14518: 14517: 14516: 14513: 14511: 14508: 14506: 14503: 14501: 14498: 14497: 14494: 14491: 14487: 14477: 14476:Mebyon Kernow 14474: 14473: 14471: 14469:Organisations 14467: 14461: 14458: 14456: 14453: 14452: 14449: 14446: 14442: 14434: 14431: 14427: 14419: 14416: 14414: 14411: 14409: 14406: 14404: 14401: 14399: 14396: 14394: 14391: 14389: 14388: 14384: 14382: 14379: 14377: 14374: 14372: 14369: 14367: 14366:Britain First 14364: 14363: 14361: 14359:Organisations 14357: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14339: 14336: 14335: 14334: 14331: 14329: 14326: 14324: 14323:Republicanism 14321: 14319: 14316: 14314: 14311: 14310: 14307: 14304: 14300: 14296: 14292: 14285: 14280: 14278: 14273: 14271: 14266: 14265: 14262: 14249: 14245: 14243: 14240: 14239: 14236: 14226: 14225:– in Portugal 14223: 14221: 14218: 14216: 14213: 14211: 14208: 14206: 14205:– in Galician 14203: 14201: 14198: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14186: 14183: 14182: 14179: 14172: 14168: 14158: 14155: 14153: 14150: 14148: 14145: 14143: 14140: 14138: 14135: 14133: 14130: 14128: 14125: 14123: 14120: 14118: 14115: 14114: 14112: 14110: 14106: 14100: 14097: 14094: 14091: 14089: 14086: 14085: 14083: 14081: 14077: 14073: 14069: 14064: 14060: 14046: 14043: 14041: 14038: 14036: 14033: 14032: 14030: 14027: 14023: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14002: 13999: 13997: 13994: 13992: 13989: 13987: 13984: 13982: 13979: 13977: 13974: 13972: 13969: 13967: 13964: 13962: 13959: 13957: 13954: 13953: 13951: 13949: 13945: 13942: 13940: 13936: 13930: 13927: 13925: 13922: 13920: 13917: 13916: 13914: 13912: 13908: 13902: 13899: 13897: 13894: 13892: 13889: 13888: 13886: 13884: 13880: 13874: 13871: 13869: 13866: 13864: 13861: 13860: 13858: 13856: 13852: 13848: 13843: 13839: 13829: 13826: 13824: 13821: 13819: 13816: 13814: 13811: 13809: 13806: 13804: 13803:Celtic League 13801: 13800: 13798: 13796: 13795:Pan-Celticism 13792: 13786: 13782: 13779: 13777: 13774: 13772: 13769: 13767: 13764: 13763: 13761: 13757: 13751: 13748: 13746: 13743: 13741: 13738: 13737: 13735: 13731: 13723: 13720: 13719: 13718: 13715: 13711: 13708: 13707: 13706: 13703: 13701: 13698: 13696: 13693: 13691: 13688: 13684: 13681: 13680: 13679: 13676: 13672: 13671:reunification 13669: 13667: 13664: 13663: 13662: 13659: 13658: 13656: 13652: 13645: 13641: 13627: 13624: 13622: 13619: 13617: 13614: 13612: 13609: 13607: 13604: 13602: 13599: 13597: 13594: 13592: 13589: 13586: 13582: 13579: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13561: 13557: 13555: 13552: 13550: 13547: 13545: 13544: 13540: 13538: 13535: 13534: 13532: 13528: 13522: 13519: 13517: 13514: 13512: 13509: 13507: 13504: 13502: 13499: 13497: 13494: 13490: 13486: 13483: 13481: 13477: 13474: 13472: 13468: 13465: 13463: 13459: 13456: 13455: 13454: 13451: 13450: 13448: 13446: 13442: 13432: 13429: 13427: 13424: 13422: 13419: 13417: 13414: 13412: 13409: 13407: 13404: 13403: 13401: 13397: 13391: 13388: 13386: 13383: 13381: 13378: 13376: 13373: 13371: 13368: 13366: 13363: 13361: 13358: 13356: 13353: 13352: 13350: 13348: 13344: 13338: 13335: 13333: 13330: 13329: 13327: 13323: 13317: 13314: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13304: 13302: 13299: 13298: 13296: 13292: 13286: 13285:Triple spiral 13283: 13281: 13278: 13276: 13273: 13271: 13268: 13266: 13263: 13261: 13258: 13256: 13253: 13251: 13248: 13246: 13243: 13241: 13238: 13236: 13233: 13229: 13226: 13225: 13224: 13221: 13219: 13216: 13215: 13213: 13211: 13207: 13201: 13198: 13196: 13193: 13191: 13188: 13186: 13183: 13181: 13178: 13176: 13173: 13172: 13170: 13166: 13160: 13157: 13155: 13152: 13150: 13147: 13145: 13142: 13140: 13137: 13135: 13132: 13130: 13127: 13125: 13122: 13120: 13117: 13115: 13112: 13110: 13107: 13105: 13104:Bardic Poetry 13102: 13100: 13097: 13096: 13094: 13092: 13088: 13084: 13077: 13073: 13055: 13052: 13050: 13047: 13045: 13042: 13041: 13039: 13035: 13027: 13022: 13019: 13015: 13010: 13007: 13003: 12998: 12995: 12991: 12986: 12983: 12979: 12974: 12971: 12967: 12962: 12959: 12958: 12956: 12953: 12952:Celtic League 12949: 12946: 12944: 12940: 12932: 12929: 12927: 12924: 12923: 12922: 12919: 12917: 12914: 12910: 12907: 12906: 12905: 12902: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12892:Celtic League 12890: 12888: 12885: 12884: 12883: 12882:Pan-Celticism 12880: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12869: 12866: 12862: 12857: 12853: 12843: 12840: 12837: 12833: 12830: 12828: 12825: 12823: 12820: 12818: 12815: 12813: 12810: 12808: 12805: 12803: 12800: 12798: 12795: 12793: 12790: 12788: 12785: 12783: 12782:Gaelicisation 12780: 12778: 12775: 12773: 12770: 12768: 12765: 12763: 12760: 12758: 12757:Celticisation 12755: 12753: 12750: 12748: 12745: 12743: 12740: 12738: 12735: 12733: 12730: 12729: 12727: 12723: 12717: 12714: 12712: 12709: 12707: 12704: 12702: 12699: 12697: 12694: 12692: 12689: 12688: 12686: 12682: 12676: 12673: 12671: 12668: 12666: 12663: 12661: 12658: 12656: 12653: 12651: 12648: 12646: 12643: 12641: 12638: 12636: 12633: 12631: 12628: 12627: 12625: 12621: 12615: 12612: 12610: 12607: 12605: 12602: 12600: 12597: 12593: 12590: 12588: 12584: 12580: 12577: 12576: 12575: 12572: 12570: 12566: 12565:Iron Age Gaul 12563: 12561: 12557: 12553: 12549: 12548:Roman Britain 12545: 12541: 12538: 12536: 12532: 12529: 12527: 12524: 12523: 12521: 12517: 12513: 12508: 12504: 12499: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12470: 12467: 12465: 12462: 12460: 12457: 12455: 12452: 12450: 12447: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12435: 12432: 12430: 12427: 12425: 12422: 12420: 12417: 12415: 12412: 12410: 12407: 12405: 12404:Irish Mexican 12402: 12400: 12397: 12395: 12392: 12390: 12387: 12385: 12382: 12380: 12377: 12375: 12372: 12370: 12367: 12365: 12362: 12360: 12357: 12355: 12352: 12350: 12347: 12345: 12342: 12340: 12337: 12336: 12334: 12330: 12324: 12321: 12319: 12316: 12314: 12311: 12309: 12306: 12305: 12303: 12299: 12289: 12285: 12284: 12283: 12280: 12278: 12275: 12271: 12267: 12266: 12265: 12262: 12261: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12241: 12239: 12237: 12233: 12227: 12224: 12222: 12219: 12217: 12214: 12212: 12209: 12207: 12204: 12202: 12199: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12187: 12184: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12174: 12172: 12169: 12168: 12166: 12163: 12158: 12154: 12150: 12145: 12141: 12137: 12133: 12129: 12128:Celtic tribes 12125: 12121: 12117: 12113: 12108: 12104: 12100: 12093: 12088: 12086: 12081: 12079: 12074: 12073: 12070: 12060: 12059: 12046: 12042: 12039: 12035: 12032: 12028: 12025: 12021: 12018: 12014: 12011: 12007: 12004: 12000: 11997: 11993: 11990: 11986: 11983: 11979: 11976: 11972: 11969: 11965: 11962: 11958: 11955: 11951: 11948: 11944: 11941: 11937: 11933: 11929: 11925: 11924: 11921: 11910: 11906: 11903: 11899: 11898: 11896: 11893:Other parties 11890: 11883: 11879: 11876: 11872: 11869: 11865: 11862: 11858: 11855: 11851: 11848: 11844: 11843: 11841: 11838: 11833: 11826: 11822: 11819: 11815: 11812: 11808: 11805: 11801: 11798: 11794: 11791: 11787: 11784: 11780: 11777: 11773: 11772: 11770: 11767: 11762: 11759: 11753: 11746: 11745:Omagh bombing 11742: 11739: 11735: 11732: 11728: 11725: 11721: 11718: 11714: 11711: 11707: 11704: 11700: 11697: 11693: 11690: 11686: 11683: 11679: 11676: 11672: 11669: 11665: 11662: 11658: 11655: 11651: 11648: 11644: 11641: 11637: 11634: 11630: 11627: 11623: 11620: 11616: 11613: 11609: 11606: 11602: 11599: 11595: 11592: 11588: 11585: 11581: 11578: 11574: 11571: 11567: 11564: 11560: 11557: 11553: 11550: 11546: 11543: 11539: 11536: 11532: 11529: 11525: 11522: 11518: 11515: 11511: 11508: 11504: 11501: 11497: 11494: 11490: 11487: 11483: 11480: 11476: 11473: 11469: 11466: 11462: 11459: 11455: 11452: 11448: 11445: 11441: 11438: 11434: 11431: 11427: 11424: 11420: 11417: 11413: 11410: 11406: 11403: 11399: 11396: 11392: 11389: 11385: 11382: 11378: 11375: 11371: 11368: 11364: 11361: 11357: 11354: 11350: 11347: 11343: 11340: 11336: 11333: 11329: 11326: 11322: 11319: 11315: 11312: 11308: 11305: 11301: 11298: 11294: 11291: 11287: 11284: 11280: 11277: 11273: 11270: 11266: 11263: 11259: 11256: 11252: 11249: 11245: 11242: 11238: 11235: 11231: 11228: 11224: 11221: 11217: 11214: 11210: 11207: 11203: 11200: 11199:Bloody Friday 11196: 11193: 11189: 11186: 11182: 11179: 11178:Bloody Sunday 11175: 11172: 11168: 11165: 11161: 11158: 11154: 11151: 11147: 11144: 11140: 11137: 11133: 11130: 11126: 11123: 11119: 11116: 11112: 11109: 11105: 11102: 11098: 11097: 11095: 11092: 11087: 11072: 11068: 11065: 11061: 11058: 11054: 11053: 11051: 11045: 11038: 11034: 11031: 11027: 11024: 11020: 11017: 11013: 11010: 11006: 11003: 10999: 10996: 10992: 10989: 10985: 10982: 10978: 10975: 10971: 10968: 10964: 10963: 10961: 10958: 10953: 10942: 10938: 10937: 10935: 10929: 10922: 10918: 10915: 10911: 10908: 10904: 10901: 10897: 10894: 10890: 10887: 10883: 10880: 10876: 10873: 10869: 10866: 10862: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10851: 10840: 10836: 10833: 10829: 10828: 10826: 10820: 10812: 10808: 10804: 10800: 10796: 10793: 10789: 10785: 10784: 10782: 10776: 10773: 10767: 10764: 10758: 10754: 10747: 10742: 10740: 10735: 10733: 10728: 10727: 10724: 10710: 10706: 10702: 10701: 10699: 10695: 10688: 10684: 10681: 10677: 10674: 10670: 10667: 10663: 10660: 10656: 10653: 10649: 10646: 10642: 10639: 10635: 10632: 10628: 10625: 10621: 10620: 10618: 10614: 10607: 10603: 10600: 10596: 10595: 10593: 10589: 10578: 10574: 10571: 10567: 10564: 10560: 10557: 10553: 10550: 10549:Bulmer Hobson 10546: 10543: 10539: 10536: 10535:Éamonn Ceannt 10532: 10531: 10529: 10525: 10518: 10514: 10511: 10507: 10504: 10500: 10497: 10496:John O'Mahony 10493: 10490: 10486: 10483: 10479: 10476: 10472: 10469: 10468:Timothy Deasy 10465: 10462: 10458: 10455: 10451: 10448: 10444: 10441: 10437: 10434: 10430: 10429: 10427: 10423: 10420: 10414: 10407: 10403: 10400: 10396: 10393: 10389: 10386: 10382: 10379: 10375: 10372: 10368: 10365: 10361: 10358: 10357:Seamus Deakin 10354: 10351: 10347: 10344: 10340: 10337: 10333: 10330: 10326: 10323: 10319: 10316: 10312: 10309: 10305: 10302: 10298: 10297: 10295: 10291: 10284: 10280: 10277: 10273: 10270: 10269:Easter Rising 10266: 10263: 10259: 10256: 10252: 10249: 10245: 10241: 10237: 10233: 10232:Fenian Rising 10229: 10228: 10226: 10222: 10217: 10206: 10202: 10199: 10195: 10192: 10188: 10185: 10181: 10178: 10174: 10171: 10167: 10164: 10160: 10157: 10156: 10151: 10148: 10144: 10141: 10137: 10134: 10133:New Departure 10130: 10127: 10123: 10120: 10116: 10113: 10109: 10106: 10102: 10099: 10095: 10092: 10088: 10085: 10084:Young Ireland 10081: 10080: 10078: 10074: 10069: 10059: 10054: 10052: 10047: 10045: 10040: 10039: 10036: 10024: 10016: 10014: 10006: 10004: 9994: 9993: 9990: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9975: 9973: 9969: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9937:John O'Mahony 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9882:Maurice Leyne 9880: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9837:Joseph Brenan 9835: 9833: 9830: 9829: 9827: 9825:Personalities 9823: 9817: 9814: 9812: 9809: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9791: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9759: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9749: 9747: 9743: 9739: 9738:Young Ireland 9732: 9727: 9725: 9720: 9718: 9713: 9712: 9709: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9658: 9657: 9656: 9655: 9649: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9600: 9599: 9598: 9597: 9591: 9586: 9582: 9581: 9580: 9579: 9578: 9570: 9567:(Army of the 9566: 9563: 9562: 9561: 9560: 9559: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9533: 9532: 9531: 9530: 9529:Easter Rising 9524: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9503:Young Ireland 9501: 9499: 9496: 9495: 9494: 9493: 9488: 9485: 9484: 9479: 9475: 9471: 9463: 9458: 9456: 9451: 9449: 9444: 9443: 9440: 9432: 9426: 9418: 9413: 9409: 9405: 9401: 9397: 9392: 9388: 9382: 9374: 9369: 9365: 9359: 9351: 9346: 9342: 9336: 9328: 9323: 9319: 9314: 9310: 9304: 9296: 9292: 9288: 9284: 9279: 9275: 9273:0-7171-3387-7 9269: 9265: 9260: 9256: 9250: 9242: 9237: 9233: 9229: 9225: 9221: 9215: 9207: 9206:Irish Freedom 9202: 9198: 9192: 9184: 9179: 9175: 9171: 9166: 9165: 9155: 9149: 9145: 9141: 9137: 9136: 9130: 9126: 9121: 9117: 9115:9780191730597 9111: 9107: 9103: 9098: 9094: 9089: 9085: 9081: 9077: 9071: 9067: 9063: 9059: 9055: 9054: 9048: 9047: 9026: 9022: 9015: 9000: 8999: 8994: 8987: 8972: 8968: 8961: 8945: 8941: 8937: 8931: 8924: 8920: 8917: 8914:John Horgan, 8911: 8895: 8891: 8890: 8889:TheJournal.ie 8885: 8878: 8859: 8852: 8846: 8830: 8826: 8820: 8813: 8809: 8806: 8803:John Horgan, 8800: 8784: 8780: 8779: 8774: 8767: 8751: 8747: 8746: 8741: 8734: 8732: 8730: 8720: 8713: 8709: 8706: 8703:John Horgan, 8700: 8698: 8690: 8685: 8677: 8673: 8669: 8665: 8661: 8657: 8653: 8649: 8645: 8638: 8630: 8626: 8622: 8618: 8614: 8610: 8606: 8599: 8592: 8587: 8579: 8572: 8564: 8558: 8554: 8550: 8546: 8545: 8537: 8529: 8525: 8521: 8517: 8513: 8509: 8505: 8498: 8496: 8480: 8476: 8470: 8454: 8450: 8446:accessed via 8445: 8444:9780951422946 8441: 8437: 8431: 8423: 8419: 8415: 8411: 8404: 8396: 8392: 8388: 8384: 8377: 8369: 8365: 8361: 8357: 8350: 8343: 8338: 8330: 8326: 8322: 8318: 8311: 8303: 8299: 8295: 8291: 8287: 8283: 8279: 8272: 8265: 8260: 8258: 8249: 8247:9780946640959 8243: 8239: 8235: 8228: 8220: 8213: 8205: 8201: 8197: 8193: 8189: 8185: 8181: 8174: 8158: 8154: 8148: 8144: 8140: 8124: 8120: 8114: 8110: 8109: 8101: 8094: 8088: 8082: 8078: 8071: 8069: 8060: 8054: 8050: 8043: 8027: 8023: 8017: 8013: 8012: 8004: 8002: 7985: 7981: 7977: 7970: 7954: 7950: 7949: 7941: 7939: 7922: 7918: 7912: 7908: 7907: 7890: 7886: 7882: 7878: 7874: 7870: 7866: 7860: 7844: 7843: 7838: 7832: 7824: 7820: 7816: 7812: 7808: 7804: 7800: 7793: 7791: 7789: 7787: 7778: 7774: 7770: 7766: 7762: 7758: 7757:Ethnopolitics 7754: 7747: 7745: 7737: 7732: 7730: 7714: 7710: 7704: 7696: 7690: 7686: 7679: 7671: 7667: 7663: 7659: 7655: 7651: 7647: 7643: 7642: 7634: 7618: 7614: 7613: 7608: 7602: 7594: 7590: 7586: 7582: 7578: 7574: 7570: 7566: 7562: 7555: 7553: 7536: 7532: 7526: 7510: 7504: 7497: 7496:Feeney (2002) 7492: 7485: 7484:Feeney (2002) 7480: 7472: 7468: 7464: 7462:9780862787707 7458: 7454: 7447: 7439: 7433: 7429: 7422: 7414: 7408: 7404: 7397: 7381: 7377: 7373: 7369: 7363: 7357: 7353: 7349: 7345: 7344:Alvin Jackson 7340: 7334:, p. 86. 7333: 7328: 7321: 7316: 7309: 7304: 7297: 7292: 7284: 7277: 7268: 7259: 7250: 7243: 7242:0-297-17987-X 7239: 7235: 7229: 7227: 7225: 7217: 7216:0-297-17987-X 7213: 7209: 7206:Kee, Robert, 7203: 7196: 7191: 7184: 7179: 7173:, p. 54. 7172: 7167: 7160: 7155: 7148: 7143: 7136: 7131: 7124: 7119: 7112: 7107: 7100: 7099:0-7011-1749-4 7096: 7092: 7086: 7079: 7078:0-297-17987-X 7075: 7071: 7068:Kee, Robert, 7065: 7058: 7052: 7045: 7039: 7032: 7028: 7025: 7019: 7012: 7006: 7000: 6999:1-84682-064-2 6996: 6992: 6989:McGee, Owen, 6986: 6979: 6978:0-297-17987-X 6975: 6971: 6968:Kee, Robert, 6965: 6958: 6957:0-297-17987-X 6954: 6950: 6947:Kee, Robert, 6944: 6937: 6932: 6925: 6924:0-297-17987-X 6921: 6917: 6914:Kee, Robert, 6911: 6909: 6901: 6895: 6888: 6885: 6881: 6878: 6877:Young Ireland 6873: 6867: 6866:0-618-00271-5 6863: 6859: 6853: 6846: 6845:Young Ireland 6840: 6838: 6830: 6825: 6818: 6817:0-297-17987-X 6814: 6810: 6807:Kee, Robert, 6804: 6797: 6794: 6790: 6787: 6782: 6776: 6772: 6768: 6762: 6755: 6754:0-297-17987-X 6751: 6747: 6741: 6739: 6731: 6730:0-313-31281-8 6727: 6723: 6717: 6715: 6707: 6706:0-297-17987-X 6703: 6699: 6693: 6686: 6685:0-297-17987-X 6682: 6678: 6672: 6670: 6662: 6661:0-297-17987-X 6658: 6654: 6648: 6641: 6640:0-297-17987-X 6637: 6633: 6627: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6595: 6588: 6581: 6580:0-297-17987-X 6577: 6573: 6567: 6560: 6559:0-297-17987-X 6556: 6552: 6546: 6539: 6534: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6495: 6493: 6491: 6482: 6476: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6463: 6455: 6448: 6447:0-297-17987-X 6444: 6440: 6434: 6426: 6422: 6416: 6414: 6412: 6410: 6408: 6406: 6404: 6402: 6400: 6398: 6390: 6389:0-297-17987-X 6386: 6382: 6376: 6374: 6366: 6365:0-297-17987-X 6362: 6358: 6352: 6348: 6334: 6328: 6319: 6311: 6305: 6301: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6282: 6272: 6268: 6264: 6259: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6243: 6240: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6224: 6220: 6219:Seán MacBride 6217: 6213: 6210: 6207: 6203: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6184: 6181: 6180:Popular Front 6176: 6172: 6169: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6152:Clann Éireann 6150: 6149: 6148: 6137: 6133: 6130: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6112: 6109: 6108:Peadar Tóibín 6105: 6101: 6098: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6071: 6067: 6064: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6042: 6039: 6035: 6032: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6013: 6009: 6005: 6000: 5996: 5993: 5990: 5989:abstentionist 5986: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5935: 5934: 5933: 5920: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5900: 5898: 5894: 5889: 5885: 5880: 5878: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5855: 5852: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5828: 5818: 5816: 5813:According to 5805: 5802: 5794: 5784: 5780: 5774: 5773: 5769: 5763: 5754: 5753: 5745: 5743: 5742:abstentionism 5738: 5736: 5732: 5722: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5696: 5691: 5689: 5684: 5682: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5656: 5646: 5645: 5644: 5643: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5617: 5611: 5610: 5603: 5602:United States 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5544: 5538: 5537: 5530: 5529:Young Ireland 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5444: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5429:Reform League 5427: 5425: 5424:Radicals (UK) 5422: 5419: 5417: 5416:Radical Whigs 5414: 5412: 5409: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5346: 5344: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5316: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5225: 5222: 5221: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5209:Radical Cause 5207: 5205: 5202: 5198: 5197:United States 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5184: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5173: 5170: 5169: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5137: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5042:Liberal Party 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5032:Left Liberals 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5016: 5013: 5012: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4873: 4870: 4869: 4868: 4865: 4861: 4858: 4857: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4805: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4778: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4736: 4735:Action Party 4734: 4733: 4727: 4726: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4648:Papanastasiou 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4618:Mendès France 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4505: 4499: 4498: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4474: 4471: 4470: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4453:Social change 4451: 4447: 4444: 4443: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4431:Republicanism 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4416:Progressivism 4414: 4410: 4407: 4406: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4388: 4385: 4384: 4383: 4380: 4376: 4373: 4372: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4267: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4247: 4244: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4234: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4204:David Trimble 4201: 4197: 4193: 4186: 4182: 4177: 4173: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4137: 4135: 4130: 4126: 4125:hunger strike 4122: 4121:dirty protest 4118: 4114: 4109: 4107: 4104:(DUP) led by 4103: 4097: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4077: 4074: 4069: 4059: 4057: 4051: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4034: 4030: 4025: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4014:direct action 4012: 4009:tried to use 4008: 4007:Austin Currie 4004: 4000: 3996: 3986: 3984: 3979: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3955: 3952: 3948: 3942: 3940: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3904: 3900: 3897: 3893: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3879: 3878: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3837: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3822: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3802: 3801: 3795: 3791: 3788:In 1937, the 3786: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3771:Fascist Italy 3768: 3764: 3759: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3743: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3728: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3689: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3666:British crown 3663: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3639: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3612: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3585:hunger strike 3581: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3542: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3530:Easter Rising 3526: 3524: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3502: 3500: 3492: 3488: 3487:flying column 3484: 3480: 3474: 3473:Easter Rising 3469: 3464: 3454: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3435:New Brunswick 3432: 3428: 3424: 3419: 3417: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3395: 3393: 3389: 3388: 3380: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3361:John O'Mahony 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3341: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3324: 3319: 3310: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3299: 3298:habeas corpus 3294: 3290: 3286: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3243: 3242:Young Ireland 3239: 3235: 3231: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3208: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3190:Young Ireland 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3172:Young Ireland 3163: 3161: 3152: 3145: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3133:Dublin Castle 3126: 3123:Depiction of 3121: 3117: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3097: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3077: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3054: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3043:Michael Dwyer 3040: 3036: 3029: 3028:Michael Dwyer 3025: 3020: 3016: 3009:Acts of Union 3006: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2995:County Antrim 2993:, as well as 2992: 2988: 2984: 2977: 2973: 2968: 2964: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2921:Presbyterians 2914: 2910: 2906: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2882: 2878: 2868: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2835: 2830: 2829: 2822: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2800: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2781:Shane O'Neill 2772: 2765: 2757: 2750: 2736: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2705:Spanish match 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2681: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2670: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2579: 2574: 2560: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2533: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2510: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2481: 2476: 2474: 2469: 2467: 2462: 2461: 2459: 2458: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2444: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2421: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2361: 2355: 2354: 2347: 2346:United States 2344: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2331: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2256: 2250: 2249: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2221:Metapolitefsi 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2068: 2067: 2057: 2056: 2055:On Revolution 2052: 2047: 2046: 2042: 2037: 2036: 2032: 2027: 2026: 2025:Rights of Man 2022: 2017: 2016: 2012: 2007: 2006: 2002: 1997: 1996: 1992: 1987: 1986: 1982: 1977: 1976: 1972: 1967: 1966: 1962: 1957: 1956: 1952: 1947: 1946: 1942: 1937: 1936: 1935:De re publica 1932: 1927: 1926: 1922: 1921: 1915: 1914: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1741:Jones (Lynne) 1739: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1536:Adams (Gerry) 1534: 1533: 1527: 1526: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1359: 1358: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1335:Revolutionary 1333: 1331: 1328: 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Cambridge. 9416: 9407: 9395: 9394:Smyth, Jim. 9372: 9349: 9326: 9317: 9294: 9282: 9263: 9240: 9231: 9205: 9183:The Troubles 9182: 9173: 9169: 9134: 9124: 9101: 9092: 9084:j.ctt1ps31k0 9052: 9029:. Retrieved 9014: 9002:. Retrieved 8996: 8986: 8974:. Retrieved 8970: 8960: 8948:. Retrieved 8944:the original 8939: 8930: 8910: 8898:. Retrieved 8887: 8877: 8865:. Retrieved 8845: 8833:. Retrieved 8819: 8799: 8787:. Retrieved 8776: 8766: 8754:. Retrieved 8743: 8719: 8684: 8651: 8647: 8637: 8612: 8608: 8598: 8586: 8577: 8571: 8543: 8536: 8511: 8507: 8482:. Retrieved 8478: 8469: 8457:. Retrieved 8435: 8430: 8416:(286): 139. 8413: 8409: 8403: 8386: 8382: 8376: 8359: 8355: 8349: 8337: 8320: 8316: 8310: 8285: 8282:Éire-Ireland 8281: 8271: 8233: 8227: 8218: 8212: 8187: 8183: 8173: 8161:. Retrieved 8142: 8127:. Retrieved 8107: 8100: 8076: 8048: 8042: 8030:. Retrieved 8010: 7988:. Retrieved 7979: 7969: 7957:. Retrieved 7947: 7925:. Retrieved 7905: 7893:. 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Retrieved 7375: 7371: 7362: 7347: 7339: 7327: 7315: 7303: 7291: 7282: 7276: 7267: 7258: 7249: 7233: 7232:Kee Robert, 7207: 7202: 7190: 7178: 7166: 7154: 7142: 7130: 7118: 7106: 7090: 7085: 7069: 7064: 7056: 7051: 7043: 7038: 7018: 7010: 7005: 6990: 6985: 6969: 6964: 6948: 6943: 6931: 6915: 6899: 6894: 6886: 6872: 6857: 6852: 6844: 6828: 6824: 6808: 6803: 6795: 6786:Robert Emmet 6781: 6766: 6761: 6745: 6744:Kee Robert, 6721: 6697: 6696:Kee Robert, 6692: 6676: 6675:Kee Robert, 6652: 6651:Kee Robert, 6647: 6631: 6630:Kee Robert, 6626: 6601: 6597: 6587: 6571: 6570:Kee Robert, 6566: 6550: 6549:Kee Robert, 6545: 6540:, p. 2. 6533: 6511:(1): 19–37. 6508: 6504: 6461: 6454: 6438: 6437:Kee Robert, 6433: 6425:the original 6380: 6379:Kee Robert, 6356: 6355:Kee Robert, 6351: 6327: 6318: 6304: 6267:Seán Sherwin 6263:Kevin Boland 6198:Eoin O'Duffy 6190:Seán Russell 6146: 6094:James Larkin 6070:Official IRA 6052:Dáil Éireann 5969:Dáil Éireann 5960: 5956: 5931: 5917: 5914: 5906: 5881: 5873:An Phoblacht 5872: 5868:An Phoblacht 5867: 5866:Articles in 5865: 5861: 5824: 5812: 5797: 5788: 5766: 5739: 5728: 5719:libertarians 5704: 5629: 5452:Spain (1977) 5447:Spain (1934) 5301:Radical Left 5102:New Liberals 5015:The Mountain 4879:Democrats 66 4776:Centre Union 4623:Mill (James) 4608:Lloyd George 4223: 4219: 4216: 4189: 4143: 4110: 4098: 4081:Official IRA 4078: 4065: 4052: 4026: 3997:campaign of 3995:civil rights 3992: 3980: 3975:Seán Russell 3971:World War II 3967:British Army 3956: 3943: 3919: 3875: 3867:nationalists 3848: 3823: 3805: 3787: 3777:side in the 3767:Eoin O'Duffy 3760: 3744: 3729: 3705:Henry Wilson 3690: 3670:Dáil Éireann 3659: 3613: 3582: 3574:hair cutting 3543: 3528:In 1916 the 3527: 3522: 3503: 3496: 3451:Fenian raids 3420: 3396: 3385: 3382: 3377: 3373: 3342: 3327: 3296: 3293:Great Famine 3282: 3265: 3253: 3247: 3227: 3220:Thomas Davis 3205: 3187: 3156: 3150: 3142: 3138: 3130: 3125:Robert Emmet 3106:Robert Emmet 3103: 3100:Robert Emmet 3078: 3055: 3032: 2980: 2918: 2899:Thomas Paine 2884: 2801: 2778: 2769:Arms of the 2754:Arms of the 2682: 2677: 2667: 2645: 2628:Hugh O'Neill 2625: 2619:was heavily 2582: 2534: 2511: 2507:British rule 2490: 2489: 2418: 2283: 2053: 2043: 2033: 2023: 2013: 2003: 1993: 1983: 1973: 1963: 1953: 1943: 1933: 1923: 1736:Jones (Elin) 1641:Flynn (Paul) 1601:Clarke (Tom) 1596:Clark (Katy) 1541:Adams (John) 1362:Philosophers 1139:Civic virtue 1101:Part of the 932:An Phoblacht 849:Clan na Gael 695:Official IRA 632: 631: 612: 611: 571: 488:Fianna Uladh 448:Anti H-Block 352:Seán Russell 282:Robert Emmet 209:The Troubles 159:Fenian raids 40: 29: 16824:Place names 16701:Rugby union 16596:Anglo-Irish 16481:Instruments 16337:The Twelfth 16301:Set dancing 16101:LGBT rights 16007:LGBT rights 15937:Nationalism 15503:Black Death 15254:Isle of Man 15189:recognition 15163:Switzerland 15098:Netherlands 14860:Plaid Cymru 14829:Nationalism 14759:Nationalism 14686:Nationalism 14589:Unification 14572:Nationalism 14505:Nationalism 14460:Nationalism 14318:Nationalism 14291:Nationalism 14157:Trimarcisia 14142:Gallóglaigh 13971:Celtiberian 13695:Isle of Man 13654:Nationalism 13543:Bataireacht 13462:Calan Gaeaf 13421:Isle of Man 13265:Leaf-crowns 13255:Insular art 13228:Dragonesque 13190:Isle of Man 13044:Nova Scotia 12997:Isle of Man 12921:Neopaganism 12670:Monasticism 12181:Caledonians 11932:peace lines 11928:Segregation 10697:Derivatives 10371:Thomas Ashe 10283:Army Mutiny 10023:WikiProject 9947:John Savage 9897:John Martin 9872:John Kenyon 9867:Philip Gray 9842:Robert Cane 9375:. 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Dublin. 9398:. Dublin. 9381:cite book 9358:cite book 9352:. Dublin. 9335:cite book 9329:. London. 9303:cite book 9297:. Dublin. 9249:cite book 9243:. Dublin. 9234:. Dublin. 9214:cite book 9208:. London. 9191:cite book 9185:. Dublin. 8998:The Times 8668:0263-323X 8629:0035-8533 8528:0790-7184 8302:1550-5162 8204:0308-6534 7885:1082-7307 7823:0309-8168 7777:1744-9057 7670:153564309 7585:0021-1214 7515:31 August 7386:2 October 7236:, (1972) 7210:, (1972) 7072:, (1972) 6972:, (1972) 6951:, (1972) 6918:, (1972) 6811:, (1972) 6748:, (1972) 6700:, (1972) 6679:, (1972) 6655:, (1972) 6634:, (1972) 6618:1462-3528 6574:, (1972) 6553:, (1972) 6525:1084-8770 6441:, (1972) 6383:, (1972) 6359:, (1972) 6118:Sinn Féin 6072:militant 5937:Sinn Féin 5843:Sinn Féin 5779:talk page 5735:partition 5711:defenders 5541:By region 4698:Venizelos 4668:Roosevelt 4658:Plastiras 4638:Mossadegh 4588:Jefferson 4558:Garibaldi 4399:Modernity 4196:John Hume 4183:, Derry, 4170:Sinn Féin 4062:1970–1985 4044:Home Rule 3989:1966–1969 3949:, Derry, 3934:sectarian 3910:Fermanagh 3863:unionists 3845:1921–1966 3723:(the new 3552:and with 3523:Sinn Féin 3447:Fort Erie 2961:Defenders 2951:from the 2949:Anglicans 2630:(see the 2621:colonised 2545:Sinn Féin 2264:Australia 1896:Venizelos 1886:Spadolini 1876:Slaughter 1821:McDonnell 1786:Mackenzie 1731:Jefferson 1686:Griffiths 1666:de Gaulle 1661:Garibaldi 1621:Drakeford 1513:Warburton 1433:Jefferson 1428:Honderich 1408:Condorcet 1295:Christian 1257:Nasserism 1232:Classical 1149:Democracy 967:Sinn Féin 546:Saor Éire 425:Sinn Féin 16814:Monastic 16779:Calendar 16763:Shamrock 16758:Red Hand 16696:Rounders 16361:Wren Day 16295:Sean-nós 16247:Guinness 16191:Drisheen 16067:Assembly 16049:Taxation 15952:Unionism 15919:Politics 15852:Counties 15596:Land War 15488:Clontarf 15484:Glenmama 15358:Timeline 15264:Svalbard 15249:Guernsey 15196:Abkhazia 15148:Slovenia 15143:Slovakia 15118:Portugal 14976:Bulgaria 14873:Unionism 14839:Unionism 14764:Loyalism 14730:Unionism 14696:Unionism 14660:Scottish 14599:Catholic 14594:Unionism 14527:Unionism 14426:Unionism 14345:Unionism 14328:Loyalism 14137:Gaesatae 14028:dialects 13991:Lepontic 13981:Galatian 13883:Goidelic 13733:Autonomy 13648:Politics 13601:Rounders 13453:Calendar 13426:Scotland 13411:Cornwall 13406:Brittany 13294:Clothing 13245:Knotwork 13223:Brooches 13195:Scotland 13180:Cornwall 13175:Brittany 13054:Y Wladfa 13009:Scotland 12973:Cornwall 12961:Brittany 12812:Seanchaí 12807:Tanistry 12767:Derbfine 12696:Scottish 12587:Brittany 12583:Domnonée 12579:Armorica 12574:Britonia 12556:Dumnonia 12531:Dálriata 12216:Lepontii 12211:Helvetii 12196:Gallaeci 12058:Category 12017:Finances 11954:Unionism 11717:NI riots 11122:NI riots 10900:Real IRA 10255:Land War 10013:Category 9661:Real IRA 9293:(1971). 9025:Archived 8950:17 April 8919:Archived 8894:Archived 8867:17 April 8858:Archived 8829:Archived 8808:Archived 8783:Archived 8750:Archived 8708:Archived 8453:Archived 8422:30090509 8395:30090509 8368:30090509 8329:30090509 8163:24 April 8157:Archived 8123:Archived 8026:Archived 7984:Archived 7953:Archived 7921:Archived 7889:Archived 7617:Archived 7593:43654521 7535:Archived 7471:48932356 7380:Archived 7027:Archived 6880:Archived 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