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90:. It was from this excavation that the three phase stratigraphy was suggested, the second and third phases relating to periods of Minoan and Mycenaean influence respectively. The settlement was re-excavated in 1910–11 with a focus on refining ceramic chronology. The most recent excavation at the site was conducted by Professor
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It is during the second phase (Phylakopi II: 2000-1550 BC) that the settlement flourishes and becomes a major player in the
Cyclades. Phylakopi II was densely occupied, with blocks of houses separated by long, straight streets. This phase is famous for the Cycladic artistic flair as seen on several
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The pottery of
Phylakopi III:i is heavily influenced by Minoan forms and motifs, which, along with Minoan influence in architecture, has led to the suggestion that Phylakopi was under the political control of the Minoans. In any case, Minoan ideas and culture became popular at this time within the
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Phylakopi III-i sees Minoan forms begin to become more popular. Research suggests several architectural features can be ascribed to this phase. One structure, called the 'Pillar Room', was constructed with pillars and ashlar blocks. The interior contained traces of a well-preserved fresco, which
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volcano in LM IA (c. 1500 B.C). The phase is lacking in identifiable architectural features, though much of the pottery discovered during the 1896-99 excavations was from this phase. Mycenaean influence first becomes perceptible, primarily through
Mycenaean pottery.
51:. The importance of Phylakopi is in its continuity throughout the Bronze Age (i.e. from mid-3rd millennium BC until the 12th century BC) and because of this, it is the type-site for the investigation of several chronological periods of the Aegean Bronze Age.
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The settlement was abandoned at the end of the Late Bronze Age and never re-occupied. Today the sea has eroded a very large part of the city site. Some time before the first excavations, there were reports of looting of antiquities from the site.
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Atkinson, T. D., Bosanquet, R. C., Edgar, C. C., Evans, A. J., Hogarth, D. G., Mackenzie, D., Smith, C., & Welch, F. B., 1904. Excavations at
Phylakopi in Melos, Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies Supplementary Paper 4, London:
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pottery styles, such as "Dark
Burnished ware" and "Cycladic white". The vessels often contain stylised plant and animal motifs in black and red matt paint, though most famous are the Melian bird jugs exported to
82:(the later foreman to Sir Arthur Evans at Knossos) recording detailed stratigraphic information. The excavation revealed a hitherto unknown Bronze Age Cycladic settlement with continuity throughout the
171:. Towards the end of the period increasing amounts of Minoan pottery were found at the site, marking the start of a period of "Minoanisation", which is more visible at the start of Phylakopi III.
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The
Phylakopi III (1550-1100 B.C) city was constructed after the complete destruction of Phylakopi II, most likely due to earthquake activity. The phase can be divided into three sub-phases.
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Davis, J. L., 2008. “Minoan Crete and the Aegean
Islands”, in Shelmerdine, C. W., (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 186-208.
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According to Jeremy B. Rutter, "The distribution of duck vases suggests that
Phylakopi I is at least partially contemporary with later Anatolian EB 3 (
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The earliest settlement at this site, founded directly on bedrock, was a small village with pottery characteristic of the early Bronze Age
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Renfrew, C., Brodie, N., Morris, C., & Scarre, C., 2007. Excavations at
Phylakopi in Melos: 1974-77, London: BSA.
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The first phase of the site with substantial architecture (Phylakopi I: 2300-2000 B.C) dates from the middle of the
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of the Greek mainland, has led to the suggestion that the
Mycenaeans conquered and administered the settlement.
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tablet fragment found within the structure. The settlement also appears to have been walled during this period.
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The so-called 'Mansion' likely served as an administrative centre for the settlement, owing to discovery of a
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Dawkins, R. M., & Droop, J. P., 1910-11. “The Excavations at Phylakopi in Melos”, BSA 17: 1-22.
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elite circles in the Aegean and were adopted as a marker of social differentiation and "prestige".
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Renfrew, C.,1985. The Archaeology of Cult: The Sanctuary at Phylakopi, BSA/ Oxford: Alden Press.
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94:. The excavations were covered in two monographs and revealed a previously unknown Sanctuary.
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Mycenaean influence becomes more prevalent in Phylakopi III:iii, with the construction of a
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Phylakopi III:ii sees a regression of Minoan influence after the eruption of the
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Barber, R. L. N.,1987. The Cyclades in the Bronze Age, London: Duckworth
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Barber, R. L. N.,1987. The Cyclades in the Bronze Age, London: Duckworth
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Barber, R. L. N.,1987. The Cyclades in the Bronze Age, London: Duckworth
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Phylakopi-style marble figurine, 2200–2000 BC. Prehistoric Museum of
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The Early Cycladic Period – Problems of the Evidence
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The Early Cycladic Period – Problems of the Evidence
35:), located at the northern coast of the island of
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403:The prehistoric settlement at Phylakopi - Melos
158:I" culture with western Anatolian affinities.
408:Hellenic Ministry of Culture - Phylakopi
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20:Minoan fresco at Phylakopi on Milos.
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204:Thera (Santorini)
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422:24°30′17″E
419:36°45′18″N
292:Macmillan.
267:References
98:Bronze Age
41:Bronze Age
25:Phylakopi
455:Cyclades
235:See also
188:Linear A
156:Lefkandi
49:Cyclades
33:Φυλακωπή
216:megaron
212:megaron
169:Knossos
148:Troy V
45:Aegean
112:Thera
65:Milos
37:Milos
29:Greek
108:Fira
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