354:
45:
521:; however, some scholars such as Carl W. Blegen have argued that both the arguments presented by the lead supporters for the pitched and gabled roofs (Smith and Dinsmoor) provide insufficient evidence for determining what the actual roofing might have looked like and asserts that more pertinent studies need to be done before any conclusive judgements can be made. As it stands, conceptualization of the
29:
484:
could be assembled. In other instances, the inner wood-work of the foundation was held in place with soil and rock, rather than mudbrick. Archeologist are unsure whether to call this a pure "Wattle-and-Daub" technique, or rather Pisé, as there is no indication that the inner saplings were woven
745:, p. 69: "Perhaps the most conspicuous and distinctive feature of Mycenaean architecture is the central hall, or megaron, which is found not only in the palaces but in private houses as well. A typical mainland form, traceable at least to Early Helladic and perhaps to Neolithic predecessors "
222:
are sometimes referred to as "long-rooms", as defined by their rectangular (non-square) shape and the position of their entrances, which are always along the shorter wall so that the depth of the space is larger than the width. There were often many rooms around the central
332:
evolved into what is understood to be the traditional structural design: where the central configuration of the building became more strictly associated with worship. The inhabited sections of the structure grew as a subsidiary structure from the traditional
464:, Turkey, has led to the discovery of structural evidence that survived the ages, allowing archeologists and scholars to piece together theories as to how they were created. Some of the most prominent theories to come from this unearthing are the "
327:
style building was initially structurally designed to allow for religious ceremonies to be held in the central room of the building, while the other rooms supported residence dwelling. However, during the eighth century BC, the base layout of the
282:
was used in two central ways: first and foremost, it was used for religious ceremonies, while also being used to support residents as a dwelling space. Additionally, according to
Valentin Müller, there is evidence for 32 different types of
667:
of
Mycenae, as much of the stone was also reportedly blackened around its edges, indicating that at some point there was a fire which raged through the building. After much archeological analysis, Plommer concluded that the abacus of the
417:("cella") with early versions of it having one of many roof types (i.e., pitched, flat, barrel). The roof, specifically, was supported by wooden beams and since the aforesaid roof types are always destroyed in the remnants of the early
646:
measurements, photographs, physical details and descriptions of the stone left behind, along with a brief history of what had happened to the digging site, and even a supposition of the block's use – possibly the remnants of a fallen
308:"typing's" which existed through the first, second and third periods of history, and shows how a number of ethnic groups participated in creating the original and archetypal model which later evolved into the classical Greek
692:
style building, as they are similarly defined by their design as a "long room" where two parallel walls of the structure are equal in length to each other, and longer than the other two walls. Refer to "Fig 1 – Types of
304:. These initial structures were somewhat similar in design to those found in ancient Greece, but different in their material and roofing style and complexity. Müller has classified and archived a number of
287:
throughout Greece and parts of Europe and Russia. Their use varied significantly depending on the time periods and locations in which they were built. Remnants of structures related to the traditional Greek
1924:
Konsolaki-Yannopoulou, Eleni (2004). "Mycenaean
Religious Architecture: The Archaeological Evidence from Ayios Konstantinos, Methana". In Wedde, Michael (ed.).
1425:
485:
together in order to help keep the wall's shape, or if the walls were rather held together by the surrounding mud, as done in typical Pisé fashion.
1306:
Excursions in Greece to
Recently Explored Sites of Classical Interest: Mycenae, Tiryns, Dodona, Delos, Athens, Olympia, Eleusis, Epidaurus, Tanagra
472:" construction techniques. In the ancient remains of the Karataş houses, archeologists analyzed the surviving foundations and walls of the
1674:
Cosmopoulos, Michael B. (1 July 2014). "Cult, Continuity, and Social Memory: Mycenaean
Eleusis and the Transition to the Early Iron Age".
525:
style roofing rendered an overall inconclusive understanding among the archeological community and has led to nothing but speculation.
425:, were decorated with fresco paintings. There were wood-ornamented metal doors, often two-leaved, and footbaths were also used in the
1905:
659:
which he recovered was reportedly "broken into more than forty fragments", and was made from what he assumed to be a sort of reddish
421:, the definite roof type is unknown. The floor was made of patterned concrete and covered in carpet. The walls, constructed out of
266:
is thought to have been used for sacrificial processions, as well as for royal functions and court meetings. However, parts of the
206:, or Mycenaean ruler, whose throne was located in the main room with the central hearth. Similar architecture is found in the
1941:
1478:
1446:
1406:
1350:
1331:
1278:
715:
1470:
The
Megaron during the Aegean and Anatolian Bronze Age: A Study of Occurrence, Shape, Architectural Adaptation, and Function
517:
design. A lot of these theories have gained popularity and are widely accepted in the effort to reconstruct the ancient
1851:
Warner, Jayne (1979). "The
Megaron and Apsidal House in Early Bronze Age Western Anatolia: New Evidence from Karataş".
1094:
Warner, Jayne (1979). "The
Megaron and Apsidal House in Early Bronze Age Western Anatolia: New Evidence from Karataş".
672:
was likely "80 cm" in both length and width, creating a solid square base linking the roof to the supporting pillar.
1993:
460:
style structure differs depending on the location and the specific example. Recent excavations of the small town of
2024:
2014:
509:, while others, prominently Baldwin Smith and Dinsmoor respectively, believe there is more evidence towards a
1304:
688:
found throughout Greece and parts of Europe. These structures are understood as variations of the Greek
1294:
710:
636:
has been reported by archeologist Hugh
Plommer on his findings of a fully intact carved block from the
1928:. Papers from the Norwegian Institute at Athens 6. The Norwegian Institute at Athens. pp. 61–94.
581:. Artistic portrayals of bulls, a common zoomorphic motif in Mycenaean vase painting, appear on Greek
270:
functioned as habitable spaces, and were utilized as living quarters prior to the eighth century BC.
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surrounding these saplings provided for a dense and well taught structural foundation in which the
606:
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framework and observed that within each brick foundation were tightly packed tree saplings. The
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roofing; consequently there is much contention as to what type of roofing was actually used in
109:
1323:
1523:
648:
186:
2019:
1437:
Pullen, Daniel (2008). "The Early Bronze Age in Greece". In
Shelmerdine, Cynthia W. (ed.).
786:
390:
369:
Rectilinear halls were a characteristic theme of ancient Greek architecture. The Mycenaean
8:
1459:
The Greek House: Its History and Development from the Neolithic Period to Hellenistic Age
566:
549:, the main room of which had a raised throne placed against the right wall and a central
439:. The proportions involving a larger length than width are similar structurally to early
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This article is about ancient Greek palace complexes. For the Megaron Mousikis, see
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Wright, James C. (2004). "A Survey of Evidence for Feasting in Mycenaean Society".
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382:
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2000:. Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology & the Ancient World (Brown University).
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One source written by Valentin Müller claims that there are 32 recorded types of
589:, where a bull is depicted at the center of a Mycenaean procession. Other famous
465:
252:
1527:
2029:
1703:
Muller, Valentin (1944). "Development of the 'Megaron' in Prehistoric Greece".
1511:
1360:
Müller, Valentin (1944). "Development of the 'Megaron' in Prehistoric Greece".
938:
Muller, Valentin (1944). "Development of the 'Megaron' in Prehistoric Greece".
594:
498:
394:
342:
215:
167:
118:
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663:. This archeological fragment is particularly revealing of the history of the
56:, view from the main hall (circular hearth visible in foreground) through the
2008:
1416:
1687:
493:
There are a number of different theories about the architectural design of
469:
256:
251:
of ancient Greece were often created using the construction techniques of "
1977:"Minoan and Mycenaean Architecture (Arts and Humanities Through the Eras)"
227:, such as archive rooms, offices, oil-press rooms, workshops, potteries,
197:
1761:
1592:
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is in the large reception hall of the king in the Bronze Age palace of
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1441:. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 19–46.
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461:
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that was surrounded by four columns, fronted by an open, two-columned
660:
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show figures eating and drinking, which were important activities in
506:
293:
1740:
Plommer, Hugh (1965). "A Carved Block from the Megaron of Mycenae".
1637:
Knox, Mary O. (1973). "Megarons and ΜΕΓΑΡΑ: Homer and Archaeology".
1222:
Plommer, Hugh (1965). "A Carved Block from the Megaron of Mycenae".
353:
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Coucouzeli, Alexandra (2007). "From megaron to oikos at Zagora".
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Coucouzeli, Alexandra (2007). "From megaron to oikos at Zagora".
642:
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440:
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53:
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Wace, Alan J. B. (November 1951). "Notes on the Homeric House".
1600:
Dinsmoor, William Bell (1 July 1942). "Notes on Megaron Roofs".
44:
1976:
570:
554:
550:
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389:. Furthermore, it served as the architectural precursor to the
378:
228:
182:
170:
147:
1542:
Blegen, Carl W. (1945). "The Roof of the Mycenaean Megaron".
1345:. Vol. I (15th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
1140:
Blegen, Carl W. (1945). "The Roof of the Mycenaean Megaron".
614:
574:
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were adopted by the Mycenaeans from the palace type found in
558:
413:
244:
1399:
Greek Art and Archaeology: A New History, c. 2500–c. 150 BCE
292:
style buildings can be found in Thessaly dating back to the
1926:
Celebrations: Sanctuaries and the Vestiges of Cult Activity
377:, or large hall-centered rectangular building, of mainland
236:
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174:
150:
141:
88:
82:
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28:
781:
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85:
1900:
contains detailed references to the megaron of Odysseus.
296:. Müller asserts that these are some of the first known
1314:
Hitchcock, Louise A. (2012). "Mycenaean Architecture".
214:, generally supported by columns, is particular to the
1777:
Smith, E. Baldwin (1942). "The Megaron and Its Roof".
841:
Smith, E. Baldwin (1942). "The Megaron and Its Roof".
776:
40:, 2: hall (main room), 3: columns in portico and hall.
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100:
91:
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periods. With respect to its structural layout, the
94:
315:
138:
135:
79:
76:
300:, classifying them with the designation "Type 1"
173:complexes. Architecturally, it was a rectangular
2006:
1998:JIAAW Workplace: Archaeologies of the Greek Past
1974:
1439:The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age
1343:Gardner's Art Through the Ages: A Global History
601:. Different Greek cultures had their own unique
337:design, and became what was later known as an
994:
992:
769:, "Chapter 4 The Prehistoric Aegean", p. 94;
593:include the ones at the Mycenaean palaces of
501:. Some scholars suggest that the traditional
273:
1316:The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean
979:
977:
16:Great hall in ancient Greek palace complexes
1673:
640:of Mycenae. His publication notes specific
451:
1742:The Annual of the British School at Athens
1578:
1287:
1271:The Archaeology of Greece: An Introduction
1224:The Annual of the British School at Athens
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557:that served as supports for the roof. The
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1958:
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1273:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
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1963:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1903:
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1906:"The Megaron of the Mycenaean Palace"
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1462:. London: Cambridge University Press.
1455:
1401:. New York, NY: Thames & Hudson.
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716:List of ancient Greek and Roman roofs
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435:where Odysseus's feet were washed by
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278:Numerous sources indicate that the
235:, and storerooms for such goods as
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1975:Encyclopedia.com (15 April 2021).
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210:, though the presence of the open
14:
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1968:
1473:. Jonsered: Paul Åströms Förlag.
613:from the other rooms whereas the
609:tended to separate their central
605:; for example, the people of the
1581:British School at Athens Studies
906:British School at Athens Studies
405:includes a columned entrance, a
373:originated and evolved from the
131:
72:
1913:Studi Micenea ed Egeo-Anatolici
1853:American Journal of Archaeology
1816:The Journal of Hellenic Studies
1779:American Journal of Archaeology
1705:American Journal of Archaeology
1676:American Journal of Archaeology
1602:American Journal of Archaeology
1544:American Journal of Archaeology
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1362:American Journal of Archaeology
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1142:American Journal of Archaeology
1096:American Journal of Archaeology
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940:American Journal of Archaeology
843:American Journal of Archaeology
701:types as determined by Müller.
697:with Dates" for a full list of
1341:Kleiner, Fred S., ed. (2016).
1185:, p. 160 (Footnote #116).
822:
789:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc
760:
748:
628:Notable information about the
1:
831:, "Pre-Classical Beginnings".
721:
655:. The carved fragment of the
247:. Evidence suggests that the
1426:"ABCs of Greek Architecture"
726:
348:
7:
1456:Rider, Bertha Carr (1916).
1309:. London: H. Grevel and Co.
704:
528:
316:Eventual reworking and the
10:
2056:
1512:10.2972/hesp.2004.73.2.133
1295:World History Encyclopedia
1269:Biers, William R. (1996).
1262:
711:Ancient Greek architecture
488:
274:Historical use and purpose
181:, and had a central, open
113:
18:
1754:10.1017/S0068245400013952
1651:10.1017/S0009838800036429
1397:Neer, Richard T. (2012).
1288:Cartwright, Mark (2019).
1236:10.1017/S0068245400013952
1961:Greece in the Bronze Age
1959:Vermeule, Emily (1972).
1290:"Mycenaean Civilization"
456:The construction of the
452:Wattle-and-Daub and Pisé
1992:Lee, Stephanie (2007).
1904:Hopkins, Clark (1968).
1639:The Classical Quarterly
1424:Pentreath, Guy (2006).
1303:Diehl, Charles (1893).
561:elements in the Tiryns
447:Construction techniques
429:as attested in Homer's
2025:Mycenaean architecture
2015:Architecture in Greece
1688:10.3764/aja.118.3.0401
1467:Werner, Kjell (1993).
1065:, p. 183; Homer.
651:from the porch of the
366:
185:that vented though an
61:
41:
356:
47:
31:
1318:. pp. 200–209.
32:Schematic plan of a
1017:, pp. 179–180.
986:, pp. 200–209.
891:, pp. 161–162.
819:, pp. 342−348.
567:Minoan architecture
381:dating back to the
196:also contained the
21:Athens Concert Hall
1979:. Encyclopedia.com
1430:The New York Times
367:
62:
48:Foundation of the
42:
1943:978-82-91626-23-9
1480:978-9-17-081092-3
1448:978-0-521-81444-7
1408:978-0-500-28877-1
1352:978-1-30-554486-4
1333:978-0-19-987360-9
1280:978-0-801-43173-9
617:did not do this.
357:Throne room of a
208:Ancient Near East
119:[mégaron]
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579:Greek culture
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189:in the roof.
188:
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168:ancient Greek
165:
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110:Ancient Greek
105:
69:
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1997:
1981:. Retrieved
1960:
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1584:
1580:
1550:(1): 35–44.
1547:
1543:
1536:Bibliography
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1489:
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1438:
1429:
1398:
1365:
1361:
1342:
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1148:(1): 35–44.
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791:. Retrieved
767:Kleiner 2016
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36:complex. 1:
33:
25:
2020:House types
1822:: 203–211.
1748:: 207–211.
1645:(1): 1–21.
1587:: 169–170.
1230:: 207–211.
1195:Werner 1993
1183:Wright 2004
1039:Werner 1993
1011:Werner 1993
912:: 169–170.
889:Wright 2004
817:Müller 1944
755:Pullen 2008
312:structure.
198:throne-room
52:complex at
2009:Categories
1934:1956/24357
1207:Rider 1916
1079:Rider 1916
1069:, XIX.316.
1063:Rider 1916
1051:Rider 1916
1027:Diehl 1893
1015:Rider 1916
743:Biers 1996
722:References
624:of Mycenae
323:The Greek
160:great hall
158:) was the
1994:"Megaron"
1881:192878413
1844:163626816
1807:192949828
1770:130406443
1733:245275483
1696:192963948
1667:170046576
1630:192984693
1572:245275098
1528:216525567
1498:CiteSeerX
1417:745332893
1390:245275483
1252:130406443
1170:245275098
1124:192878413
968:245275483
871:192949828
787:"Megaron"
771:Neer 2012
727:Citations
676:Müller's
661:sandstone
541:A famous
537:of Tiryns
505:roof was
443:temples.
437:Eurycleia
399:Classical
349:Structure
60:and porch
1952:55419723
1919:: 45−53.
1894:Homer's
1762:30103155
1593:40960585
1524:ProQuest
1520:54957703
1490:Hesperia
1244:30103155
918:40960585
705:See also
571:Frescoes
529:Examples
478:mudbrick
423:mudbrick
375:megaroid
365:, Greece
302:megarons
233:armories
164:Mycenean
58:anteroom
38:anteroom
2040:Mycenae
1897:Odyssey
1263:Sources
1067:Odyssey
793:3 April
699:megaron
690:megaron
686:megaron
678:megaron
670:megaron
665:megaron
657:megaron
653:megaron
643:in situ
638:megaron
634:Mycenae
630:megaron
622:Megaron
615:Cretans
611:megaron
599:Mycenae
587:megaron
583:megaron
563:megaron
555:columns
543:megaron
535:Megaron
523:megaron
519:megaron
511:pitched
503:megaron
495:megaron
489:Roofing
482:megaron
474:megaron
468:" and "
462:Karataş
458:megaron
432:Odyssey
427:megaron
419:megaron
408:pronaos
403:megaron
395:Archaic
393:of the
371:megaron
363:Knossos
359:megaron
335:megaron
330:megaron
325:megaron
310:megaron
306:megaron
298:megaron
290:megaron
285:megaron
280:megaron
268:megaron
264:megaron
255:" and "
229:shrines
225:megaron
212:portico
200:of the
194:megaron
179:portico
114:μέγαρον
67:megaron
54:Mycenae
50:megaron
34:megaron
2035:Tiryns
1983:19 May
1950:
1940:
1879:
1873:504897
1871:
1842:
1836:628203
1834:
1805:
1799:499112
1797:
1768:
1760:
1731:
1725:499900
1723:
1694:
1665:
1659:638119
1657:
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1622:499777
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1564:499938
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1388:
1382:499900
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1242:
1168:
1162:499938
1160:
1122:
1116:504897
1114:
966:
960:499900
958:
916:
869:
863:499112
861:
695:Megera
649:abacus
603:megara
595:Thebes
591:megara
559:Cretan
551:hearth
547:Tiryns
515:gabled
379:Greece
249:megara
220:Megara
216:Aegean
187:oculus
183:hearth
171:palace
128:megara
2030:Rooms
1948:S2CID
1909:(PDF)
1877:S2CID
1869:JSTOR
1840:S2CID
1832:JSTOR
1803:S2CID
1795:JSTOR
1766:S2CID
1758:JSTOR
1729:S2CID
1721:JSTOR
1692:S2CID
1663:S2CID
1655:JSTOR
1626:S2CID
1618:JSTOR
1589:JSTOR
1568:S2CID
1560:JSTOR
1516:S2CID
1386:S2CID
1378:JSTOR
1248:S2CID
1240:JSTOR
1166:S2CID
1158:JSTOR
1120:S2CID
1112:JSTOR
964:S2CID
956:JSTOR
914:JSTOR
867:S2CID
859:JSTOR
680:types
575:Pylos
573:from
441:Doric
339:oikos
318:oikos
245:wheat
203:wanax
1985:2021
1938:ISBN
1475:ISBN
1443:ISBN
1413:OCLC
1403:ISBN
1347:ISBN
1328:ISBN
1275:ISBN
795:2013
597:and
507:flat
470:Pisé
414:naos
397:and
385:and
262:The
257:Pisé
243:and
237:wine
192:The
175:hall
166:and
64:The
1930:hdl
1861:doi
1824:doi
1787:doi
1750:doi
1713:doi
1684:doi
1680:118
1647:doi
1610:doi
1552:doi
1508:doi
1370:doi
1320:doi
1232:doi
1150:doi
1104:doi
948:doi
851:doi
632:of
513:or
361:in
341:in
259:".
241:oil
124:pl.
2011::
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1946:.
1936:.
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1911:.
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