22:
100:
in the mid-1920s. It remained open until the 1970s. The first two locations have been demolished, while a hearing in demolition court is scheduled for its final location on March 16, 2021. However, its owner is hoping to restore the building and create a public exhibit space on Black women's history.
823:
Efforts for Social
Betterment Among Negro Americans: Report of a Social Study Made by Atlanta University Under the Patronage of the Trustees of the John F. Slater Fund; Together with the Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference for the Study of the Negro Problems, Held at Atlanta University on
220:
Early club members were normally professional women or married to "prominent men in the community." However, some
Phillis Wheatley Clubs were made up of younger members. Other clubs had members of many different demographics. Clubs were named for the poet,
1218:
1646:
73:, the Phyllis Wheatley Club founded the only training hospital for black doctors and nurses in 1896. The hospital was originally named the Phyllis Wheatley Sanitarium and Training Hospital for Nurses.
263:
302:
Phillis
Wheatley Club was started in 1915. Charleston, South Carolina started a club in 1916 which was named the Phillis Wheatley Literary and Social Club. Another club was founded in 1918 in
45:, in 1895. Some clubs are still active. The purpose of Phillis Wheatley Clubs varied from area to area, although most were involved in community and personal improvement. Some clubs helped in
2005:
716:
2443:
630:
198:, the Phyllis Wheatley Club sponsored an annual "Defense Dance" which raised money by charging a fee at the door. Fundraising could go towards other non-profit groups, such as the
128:
club was instrumental in helping desegregate the city. The
Billings club also sponsored scholarships for young women. Clubs, such as the Phyllis Wheatley Progressive Club in
1616:
603:
1459:
Knupfer, Anne Meis (Spring 1997). "'If You Can't Push, Pull, If You Can't Pull, Please Get Out of the Way': The
Phyllis Wheatley Club and Home in Chicago, 1896 to 1920".
2770:
2511:
2240:
1815:
164:
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To pay for charity work and other endeavors, the clubs held fundraisers. These could be in the form of balls or dances, or theater and musical receptions. In
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1701:
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to perform to show off black talent. The
Charleston, South Carolina club hosted events featuring prominent individuals in the black community such as
1681:
2537:
2334:
210:
652:
2438:
2819:
2829:
1611:
2464:
191:, also promoted black figures in history, creating a program that featured individuals and inviting other clubs to attend the even annually.
117:
80:, and created a home for young women without permanent housing. It was the first Black women's club formed in Chicago, and was supported by
1621:
2355:
2203:
2062:
904:"Ongoing Exhibit: The Phillis Wheatley Literary and Social Club: Fostering Civic Engagement, Intellectual Exchange and Female Solidarity"
65:
Phillis
Wheatley Clubs worked on improving their neighborhoods and the lives of people in their communities. Clubs were also involved in
2235:
2167:
2459:
2720:
2172:
1726:
1601:
246:, in 1895. Another club was formed in Chicago in 1896 and focused on neighborhood improvements and charity work. It was founded by
2824:
2104:
1651:
1563:
1083:
2667:
2563:
2136:
1716:
1686:
1671:
573:
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1901:
1835:
1752:
1636:
1389:
2636:
2141:
1721:
1706:
1166:
1031:
306:, and the first president was Mattie Hambright. The Billings club would continue until 1972. Dora Bell started a club in
105:
listed the last
Chicago Phyllis Wheatley Club and Home as one of Chicago's 7 most endangered buildings in February 2021.
2558:
2308:
2020:
93:
46:
2593:
2583:
2490:
2370:
1875:
1556:
1093:
540:
88:, was purchased for $ 3,400 in 1906, and Jennie Lawrence was hired to oversee it. It opened in 1908, and served as a
2573:
2390:
2375:
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514:
2598:
2380:
2219:
1932:
1855:
1661:
2608:
2568:
1906:
471:
973:
2657:
2303:
2293:
1825:
1731:
84:, a prominent older black activist and wealthy widow. The first Phyllis Wheatley Home, located on Chicago's
2699:
2474:
2256:
152:
2532:
2339:
2177:
1870:
1784:
1641:
136:
2662:
2622:
2588:
2324:
2162:
2067:
2046:
2025:
1953:
1865:
1696:
1606:
81:
282:, a suffragist and civil rights advocate, served as one of the elected presidents of the Newark Club.
2683:
2406:
2329:
2088:
1922:
1880:
1768:
1626:
97:
604:"Owner, supporters fight to save historic Phyllis Wheatley Club and Home from city demolition block"
135:
Some clubs also emphasized continued learning. The
Phyllis Wheatley Club in Chicago also emphasized
2794:
2652:
2360:
1973:
1968:
1860:
1789:
1579:
681:
404:
353:
255:
38:
2298:
2120:
2010:
1958:
1830:
1799:
1794:
1287:
828:
631:
Chicago lakefront, Catholic churches top newest list of city's most endangered historic buildings
247:
77:
334:, club was started in 1933 a few months just before the 159th anniversary of the publication of
2469:
2422:
2015:
1963:
1666:
279:
21:
1548:
1430:
338:
by
Wheatley. The Coshocton club was affiliated with the YWCA and started by Thelma Crowthers.
2187:
1937:
1927:
1711:
399:
463:
2603:
1845:
518:
371:
359:
259:
243:
121:
102:
42:
1261:
209:
or worked independently. The first club, started in Nashville, became affiliated with the
8:
2182:
1989:
323:
172:
140:
89:
85:
1057:
821:
96:. It moved into a larger building in 1913, before moving to its final location on South
2745:
1820:
1537:
1529:
1492:
1484:
311:
275:
41:
created by African Americans starting in the late 1800s. The first club was founded in
1541:
1521:
1496:
1476:
1089:
608:
579:
569:
546:
536:
467:
456:
381:
375:
307:
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founded a group in 1911 that was later renamed the Phillis Wheatley Association. The
214:
156:
148:
147:. Atlanta's club helped build a reading room, also named after Phiillis Wheatley. In
125:
109:
2495:
1513:
1468:
394:
347:
327:
295:
222:
180:
151:, the Phyllis Wheatley Club there celebrated the 30th anniversary of the ending of
54:
635:
331:
188:
184:
168:
160:
66:
1288:"Inventory of the Phillis Wheatley Literary and Social Club Papers, 1916 – 2011"
1885:
1850:
365:
299:
226:
176:
144:
1647:
Daughters of the Improved Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks of the World
583:
2813:
2715:
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1840:
1656:
1525:
1480:
903:
1404:
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1313:
1191:
1112:
999:
936:
871:
845:
795:
741:
550:
2157:
657:
Voices of Progress · The Historic New Orleans Collection – Digital Exhibits
129:
113:
314:
club was started in 1919 to "study current topics, civics and economics."
2365:
2288:
70:
1504:
Lerner, Gerda (April 1974). "Early Community Work of Black Club Women".
250:
and was one of the first groups for African American women in the city.
1533:
1488:
225:. Many clubs have been and are still active into the 21st century. The
278:
Phillis Wheatley Club was founded in 1909 with a focus on literature.
76:
The Chicago club was founded in 1896 by a group of Black women led by
535:. Carolyn M. Rodgers. Southern Illinois University Press. p. 3.
291:
195:
1517:
1472:
50:
2006:
Chicago and Northern District Association of Colored Women's Clubs
2385:
251:
116:
and day care for working women and the club was also involved in
717:"Black women's group alters treatment of minorities in Billings"
566:
Fannie Barrier Williams: Crossing the Borders of Region and Race
2444:
Federation of Women's Clubs for Oklahoma and Indian Territories
1578:
229:
Phillis Wheatley Club celebrated its 90th anniversary in 2005.
199:
1617:
Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching
217:
Phyllis Wheatley Club, were also affiliated with the NFCWC.
1736:
206:
954:
775:
533:
Black writing from Chicago : in the world, not of it?
2771:
First National Conference of the Colored Women of America
765:
763:
1241:
1239:
422:
420:
1143:
1131:
760:
326:, worked to raise $ 5,000 for the creation of a black
2512:
General Federation of Women's Clubs of South Carolina
2241:
Mississippi State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
1236:
1032:"Phyllis Wheatley Women's Clubs (1895– ) • BlackPast"
480:
432:
92:, providing accommodations to Black women during the
1816:
California State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
1268:. Case Western Reserve University. February 12, 2019
1000:"Phyllis Wheatley Club Has Springtime Defense Dance"
458:
Facts on File encyclopedia of Black women in America
417:
258:, who founded the Phillis Wheatley Club in 1898 in
2517:South Carolina Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
462:. Vol. 11. New York: Facts on File. pp.
455:
25:Phyllis Wheatley Club, Buffalo, New York, in 1905.
2042:Indiana State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
1682:National Society of the Colonial Dames of America
639:. February 24, 2021. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
262:, would go on to later serve as president of the
2811:
2084:Topeka Council of Colored Women's Clubs Building
1219:"Biography of Musette Brooks Gregory, 1876–1921"
974:"Special! Extra! Special! A Benefit Performance"
454:Hine, Darlene Clark; Thompson, Kathleen (1996).
1405:"Phillis Wheatley Club Names Woman of the Year"
242:The first Phillis Wheatley Club was created in
1612:Associated Daughters of Early American Witches
872:"Phyllis Wheatley Club Will Give Fine Concert"
254:'s Phillis Wheatley Club was started in 1897.
155:with a play which they sponsored. The club in
124:purchased a home for older women in 1925. The
1564:
742:"Progressive Club Has Organized Night School"
139:. Clubs also donated books in celebration of
53:efforts. The clubs were named after the poet
2439:Oklahoma Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
1435:African American History of Western New York
1365:"Phyllis Wheatley Club in Drive for $ 5,000"
796:"Phillis Wheatley Club Donates Library Book"
453:
356:, founder of the Fort Smith, Arkansas group.
211:National Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
1216:
1192:"Phillis Wheatley Club Hears Pansy Borders"
597:
595:
593:
132:, opened a night school in the late 1920s.
108:The New Orleans club, which was founded by
2168:Colored Female Religious and Moral Society
1571:
1557:
1081:
1055:
820:Bois, William Edward Burghardt Du (1909).
509:
507:
505:
503:
501:
499:
497:
495:
213:(NFCWC) in 1897. Other clubs, such as the
16:Women's clubs created by African Americans
901:
602:Ihejirika, Maudlyne (February 23, 2021).
601:
563:
2356:Empire State Federation of Women's Clubs
2204:Ladies' Library Association of Kalamazoo
2063:Iowa Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
1602:American Association of University Women
1164:
1029:
794:Aboytes, Yasmin A. (February 14, 1971).
590:
20:
2236:Mississippi Federation of Women's Clubs
1458:
1314:"Remarkable Women Honored During March"
1311:
1167:"Arkansas Association of Colored Women"
1149:
1137:
960:
934:
793:
781:
769:
714:
492:
486:
438:
2812:
1503:
1245:
530:
426:
2830:African-American history of Tennessee
2173:New England Woman's Press Association
1727:Women's Joint Congressional Committee
1687:National Society of New England Women
1672:National Association of Colored Women
1552:
1256:
1254:
1160:
1158:
1107:
1105:
1025:
1023:
1021:
935:Reisman, Deborah (January 29, 1978).
930:
928:
926:
924:
897:
895:
893:
827:. Atlanta University Press. pp.
710:
708:
706:
704:
702:
675:
673:
647:
645:
374:, one of the founding members of the
264:Arkansas Association of Colored Women
2105:Kentucky Federation of Women's Clubs
1637:Daughters of the American Revolution
1383:
1058:"Texas Association of Women's Clubs"
819:
515:Phyllis Wheatley Home Chicago 7 2021
449:
447:
2142:Maryland Woman Suffrage Association
1737:Young Women's Christian Association
1707:United Daughters of the Confederacy
1652:General Federation of Women's Clubs
1632:Daughters of the American Colonists
1113:"Phillis Wheatley Club Anniversary"
1056:Winegarten, Ruthe (June 13, 2010).
715:Pickett, Mary (February 20, 2010).
679:
205:Clubs could be affiliated with the
13:
2820:Women's clubs in the United States
2564:Texas Association of Women's Clubs
2559:Daughters of the Republic of Texas
2137:Woman's Literary Club of Baltimore
1717:Women's Christian Temperance Union
1251:
1155:
1102:
1088:. Arcadia Publishing. p. 59.
1018:
921:
890:
699:
670:
642:
557:
384:, founder of the New Orleans club.
341:
14:
2841:
2584:Dallas Equal Suffrage Association
2579:Texas Federation of Women's Clubs
1722:Women's National Republican Club
1266:Encyclopedia of Cleveland History
444:
350:, founder of the Cleveland group.
2574:Texas Equal Suffrage Association
2376:Equal Suffrage League (Brooklyn)
1677:National Council of Jewish Women
1343:Fort Scott Daily Tribune-Monitor
568:. University of Illinois Press.
232:
2021:Frederick Douglass Woman's Club
1702:United States Daughters of 1812
1423:
1397:
1357:
1331:
1312:Murdoch, Mary (March 4, 1999).
1305:
1280:
1210:
1184:
1075:
1049:
992:
966:
864:
846:"Immense Production by Negroes"
838:
813:
787:
734:
2825:African-American organizations
2569:Texas Equal Rights Association
1753:Alabama's Colored Women's Club
1082:Williamson, Jerrelene (2010).
1030:Anderson, Meg (May 17, 2009).
623:
524:
521:. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
1:
476:– via Internet Archive.
410:
2381:Newswomen's Club of New York
1856:Hollywood Women's Press Club
1662:Ladies' Memorial Association
1506:The Journal of Negro History
1461:The Journal of Negro History
1391:Who's Who in Colored America
1262:"Hunter, Jane Edna (Harris)"
1085:African Americans in Spokane
902:Whitneyal (March 25, 2013).
564:Hendricks, Wanda A. (2013).
7:
1642:Daughters of the Cincinnati
1622:Colonial Dames XVII Century
1419:– via Newspapers.com.
1379:– via Newspapers.com.
1353:– via Newspapers.com.
1327:– via Newspapers.com.
1206:– via Newspapers.com.
1127:– via Newspapers.com.
1014:– via Newspapers.com.
988:– via Newspapers.com.
950:– via Newspapers.com.
886:– via Newspapers.com.
860:– via Newspapers.com.
824:Tuesday, May the 24th, 1909
809:– via Newspapers.com.
756:– via Newspapers.com.
653:"Sylvanie Francoz Williams"
388:
10:
2846:
2668:University Club of Seattle
2623:Daughters of Utah Pioneers
1954:Atlanta Neighborhood Union
1732:Women's Trade Union League
1697:Queen Isabella Association
1452:
1217:Hendrickson, Lisa (2019).
82:Mary Jane Richardson Jones
2790:
2783:
2766:
2759:
2740:
2733:
2708:
2692:
2676:
2645:
2629:
2617:
2551:
2525:
2504:
2483:
2452:
2431:
2415:
2399:
2348:
2317:
2281:
2265:
2249:
2228:
2212:
2196:
2150:
2129:
2113:
2097:
2076:
2055:
2034:
1998:
1982:
1946:
1915:
1894:
1808:
1777:
1761:
1745:
1627:Colonial Dames of America
1594:
1587:
382:Sylvanie Francoz Williams
110:Sylvanie Francoz Williams
2178:New England Women's Club
1171:Encyclopedia of Arkansas
1165:Jones-Branch, Cherisse.
1062:Handbook of Texas Online
680:Mielnik, Tara Mitchell.
531:Guzman, Richard (2006).
317:
285:
269:
237:
60:
1607:American Woman's League
937:"PHillis Wheatley Club"
682:"Phillis Wheatley Club"
248:Elizabeth Lindsay Davis
78:Elizabeth Lindsay Davis
2163:College Club of Boston
2089:Woman's Club of Topeka
2016:Fortnightly of Chicago
1667:League of Women Voters
833:phillis wheatley club.
686:Tennessee Encyclopedia
280:Musette Brooks Gregory
118:black women's suffrage
31:Phillis Wheatley Clubs
26:
2795:List of women's clubs
2784:List of women's clubs
2465:Colored Women's Clubs
2361:Brooklyn Woman's Club
2188:Saturday Morning Club
1712:United Order of Tents
1692:Phillis Wheatley Club
1292:Avery Research Center
405:Woman's club movement
400:Phyllis Wheatley YWCA
165:William H. Richardson
35:Phyllis Wheatley Club
24:
2538:Country Woman's Club
2011:Chicago Woman's Club
1959:Atlanta Woman's Club
1831:College Women's Club
1582:in the United States
908:Not Just in February
721:The Billings Gazette
519:Preservation Chicago
372:Mary Burnett Talbert
360:Vivian Osborne Marsh
260:Fort Smith, Arkansas
244:Nashville, Tennessee
173:Mary McCleod Bethune
122:Nashville, Tennessee
103:Preservation Chicago
43:Nashville, Tennessee
1990:Daughters of Hawaii
1394:(Yenser 1942): 355.
1345:. December 31, 1921
1196:The Montclair Times
963:, pp. 228–229.
878:. December 28, 1921
784:, pp. 223–224.
324:Passaic, New Jersey
322:In 1932, a club in
159:in 1921 brought in
141:Black History Month
1821:Berkeley City Club
1431:"Talbert timeline"
980:. February 2, 1907
748:. January 15, 1927
312:Fort Scott, Kansas
276:Newark, New Jersey
27:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2779:
2778:
2755:
2754:
2729:
2728:
2721:Women's City Club
2533:19th Century Club
2491:Cosmopolitan Club
2391:Women's City Club
2371:Cosmopolitan Club
2273:20th Century Club
1876:Metropolitan Club
1339:"At the Churches"
1318:The Journal Times
1223:Alexandria Street
876:The Journal Times
609:Chicago Sun-Times
575:978-0-252-09587-0
376:Buffalo, New York
308:Racine, Wisconsin
304:Billings, Montana
157:Racine, Wisconsin
126:Billings, Montana
2837:
2788:
2787:
2764:
2763:
2738:
2737:
2183:Woman's Era Club
1592:
1591:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1500:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1401:
1395:
1387:
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1380:
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1326:
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1300:
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1284:
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1275:
1273:
1258:
1249:
1243:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1198:. March 19, 1959
1188:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1162:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1109:
1100:
1099:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1027:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
996:
990:
989:
987:
985:
970:
964:
958:
952:
951:
949:
947:
932:
919:
918:
916:
914:
899:
888:
887:
885:
883:
868:
862:
861:
859:
857:
852:. April 14, 1901
842:
836:
835:
817:
811:
810:
808:
806:
791:
785:
779:
773:
767:
758:
757:
755:
753:
738:
732:
731:
729:
727:
712:
697:
696:
694:
692:
677:
668:
667:
665:
663:
649:
640:
629:Keilman, John. "
627:
621:
620:
618:
616:
599:
588:
587:
561:
555:
554:
528:
522:
511:
490:
484:
478:
477:
461:
451:
442:
436:
430:
424:
395:Phillis Wheatley
354:Mame Josenberger
348:Jane Edna Hunter
328:community center
296:Jane Edna Hunter
256:Mame Josenberger
223:Phillis Wheatley
181:W. E. B. Du Bois
145:public libraries
137:black literature
112:, also opened a
90:settlement house
55:Phillis Wheatley
2845:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2799:
2775:
2751:
2746:The Woman's Era
2725:
2709:Washington D.C.
2704:
2688:
2672:
2641:
2625:
2613:
2599:Houston Heights
2547:
2521:
2500:
2479:
2448:
2427:
2411:
2395:
2344:
2313:
2309:Upper Montclair
2277:
2261:
2245:
2224:
2208:
2192:
2146:
2125:
2109:
2093:
2072:
2051:
2030:
2026:Three Arts Club
1994:
1978:
1942:
1933:Fort Lauderdale
1911:
1890:
1871:LA Nurses' Club
1804:
1773:
1757:
1741:
1583:
1577:
1518:10.2307/2717327
1473:10.2307/2717517
1455:
1450:
1449:
1439:
1437:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1414:
1412:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1388:
1384:
1374:
1372:
1371:. April 8, 1932
1369:The Herald-News
1363:
1362:
1358:
1348:
1346:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1322:
1320:
1310:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1269:
1260:
1259:
1252:
1244:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1199:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1175:
1173:
1163:
1156:
1148:
1144:
1136:
1132:
1122:
1120:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1080:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1054:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1028:
1019:
1009:
1007:
1006:. June 14, 1942
1004:Tampa Bay Times
998:
997:
993:
983:
981:
972:
971:
967:
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850:Buffalo Courier
844:
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792:
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749:
746:The Daily Notes
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636:Chicago Tribune
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418:
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391:
344:
342:Notable members
332:Coshocton, Ohio
320:
288:
272:
240:
235:
189:Coshocton, Ohio
185:Langston Hughes
169:Marian Anderson
161:Maud Cuney Hare
98:Michigan Avenue
94:Great Migration
63:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2843:
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2508:
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2505:South Carolina
2502:
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2413:
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2410:
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2400:North Carolina
2397:
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2378:
2373:
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2139:
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2127:
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2111:
2110:
2108:
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2080:
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2074:
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2065:
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2050:
2049:
2044:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
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1917:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1886:Wilfandel Club
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1851:Francisca Club
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1797:
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1584:
1576:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1512:(2): 158–167.
1501:
1467:(2): 221–231.
1454:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1422:
1411:. June 4, 1978
1396:
1382:
1356:
1330:
1304:
1279:
1250:
1248:, p. 162.
1235:
1209:
1183:
1154:
1152:, p. 221.
1142:
1140:, p. 222.
1130:
1119:. May 29, 2005
1101:
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1017:
991:
965:
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920:
889:
863:
837:
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772:, p. 223.
759:
733:
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641:
622:
589:
574:
556:
541:
523:
491:
489:, p. 227.
479:
472:
443:
441:, p. 224.
431:
429:, p. 161.
415:
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369:
366:Drusilla Nixon
363:
357:
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340:
319:
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300:El Paso, Texas
287:
284:
271:
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239:
236:
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227:El Paso, Texas
187:. The club in
177:Countee Cullen
120:. The club in
62:
59:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2831:
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2716:Sulgrave Club
2714:
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2707:
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2543:Ossoli Circle
2541:
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2151:Massachusetts
2149:
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2128:
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2119:
2118:
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2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1981:
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1841:Ebell Society
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1826:Beverly Hills
1824:
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1657:Junior League
1655:
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1580:Women's clubs
1574:
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1409:El Paso Times
1406:
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1118:
1117:El Paso Times
1114:
1108:
1106:
1097:
1095:9780738570112
1091:
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867:
851:
847:
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834:
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826:
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800:El Paso Times
797:
790:
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771:
766:
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560:
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542:0-8093-2703-1
538:
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361:
358:
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337:
333:
329:
325:
315:
313:
310:in 1919. The
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
283:
281:
277:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
233:Early history
230:
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224:
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208:
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201:
197:
192:
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186:
182:
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174:
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123:
119:
115:
111:
106:
104:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
74:
72:
68:
67:social reform
58:
56:
52:
51:voting rights
48:
47:desegregation
44:
40:
39:women's clubs
36:
32:
23:
19:
2744:
2734:Publications
2637:Mount Vernon
2496:Plastic Club
2484:Pennsylvania
2257:East Glacier
1691:
1509:
1505:
1464:
1460:
1438:. Retrieved
1434:
1425:
1413:. Retrieved
1408:
1399:
1390:
1385:
1373:. Retrieved
1368:
1359:
1347:. Retrieved
1342:
1333:
1321:. Retrieved
1317:
1307:
1295:. Retrieved
1291:
1282:
1270:. Retrieved
1265:
1226:. Retrieved
1222:
1212:
1200:. Retrieved
1195:
1186:
1174:. Retrieved
1170:
1150:Knupfer 1997
1145:
1138:Knupfer 1997
1133:
1121:. Retrieved
1116:
1084:
1077:
1065:. Retrieved
1061:
1051:
1039:. Retrieved
1035:
1008:. Retrieved
1003:
994:
982:. Retrieved
978:The Broad Ax
977:
968:
961:Knupfer 1997
956:
944:. Retrieved
940:
911:. Retrieved
907:
880:. Retrieved
875:
866:
854:. Retrieved
849:
840:
832:
822:
815:
803:. Retrieved
799:
789:
782:Knupfer 1997
777:
770:Knupfer 1997
750:. Retrieved
745:
736:
724:. Retrieved
720:
689:. Retrieved
685:
660:. Retrieved
656:
634:
625:
615:February 27,
613:. Retrieved
607:
565:
559:
532:
526:
487:Knupfer 1997
482:
457:
439:Knupfer 1997
434:
335:
321:
289:
273:
241:
219:
204:
193:
134:
130:Pennsylvania
114:kindergarten
107:
75:
64:
34:
30:
28:
18:
2760:Conventions
2609:San Antonio
2604:Lyceum Club
2366:Colony Club
2340:Silver City
2289:Kalmia Club
2229:Mississippi
1846:Ebell of LA
1785:Casa Grande
1246:Lerner 1974
941:The Tribune
427:Lerner 1974
71:New Orleans
2814:Categories
2646:Washington
2594:Fort Worth
2335:Las Cruces
2325:Alamogordo
2318:New Mexico
2304:Rutherford
2294:Morristown
2282:New Jersey
2220:Saint Paul
2068:Des Moines
1907:Wilmington
1809:California
1595:Nationwide
584:1067196558
473:0816034249
411:References
215:Fort Worth
86:South Side
2684:Wauwatosa
2677:Wisconsin
2526:Tennessee
2475:Town Club
2407:Charlotte
2330:Carrizozo
2213:Minnesota
2114:Louisiana
2047:Vincennes
1923:Bradenton
1881:San Pedro
1769:Anchorage
1542:148077982
1526:0022-2992
1497:140411339
1481:0022-2992
1228:March 31,
1036:BlackPast
292:Cleveland
196:Tampa Bay
2658:Longview
2653:Kirkland
2630:Virginia
2432:Oklahoma
2349:New York
2299:Red Bank
2197:Michigan
2130:Maryland
2121:Era Club
2098:Kentucky
1999:Illinois
1974:Tennille
1969:Demorest
1895:Delaware
1861:La Jolla
1790:Glendale
551:62324505
389:See also
266:(AACW).
2693:Wyoming
2663:Olympia
2589:El Paso
2460:Ashland
2386:Sorosis
2250:Montana
2158:Chilton
2035:Indiana
1947:Georgia
1916:Florida
1902:Milford
1866:Lincoln
1800:Willcox
1778:Arizona
1746:Alabama
1534:2717327
1489:2717517
1453:Sources
1440:May 31,
1415:May 31,
1375:May 29,
1349:May 24,
1323:May 20,
1297:May 18,
1272:May 18,
1202:May 24,
1176:May 18,
1123:May 21,
1067:May 24,
1041:May 18,
1010:May 20,
984:May 20,
946:May 24,
913:May 21,
882:May 20,
856:May 20,
805:May 21,
752:May 24,
726:May 24,
691:May 18,
662:May 21,
252:Detroit
153:slavery
149:Buffalo
2700:Casper
2470:Dundee
2453:Oregon
2423:Dayton
2266:Nevada
2077:Kansas
1983:Hawaii
1964:Dawson
1836:Corona
1762:Alaska
1540:
1532:
1524:
1495:
1487:
1479:
1092:
582:
572:
549:
539:
470:
378:group.
330:. The
183:, and
37:) are
33:(also
2552:Texas
1938:Miami
1928:Davie
1588:Clubs
1538:S2CID
1530:JSTOR
1493:S2CID
1485:JSTOR
336:Poems
318:1930s
286:1910s
270:1900s
238:1890s
200:NAACP
69:. In
61:About
2618:Utah
2416:Ohio
2056:Iowa
1795:Mesa
1522:ISSN
1477:ISSN
1442:2019
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