40:
436:, was a eunuch from boyhood; for it came to pass at a certain burial, when a spectacle was being given at which many people were present, that the nurse who was carrying Philetaerus, still an infant, was caught in the crowd and pressed so hard that the child was incapacitated. He was a eunuch, therefore, but he was well trained and proved worthy of this trust."
377:
control, Philetaerus, especially after the death of
Seleucus, had considerable autonomy and was able with the help of his considerable wealth to increase his power and influence beyond Pergamon. There are numerous records of Philetaerus as benefactor to neighboring cities and temples, including the
358:, Lysimachus' third wife, Philetaerus deserted Lysimachus, offering himself and the important fortress of Pergamon, along with its treasury, to Seleucus, who subsequently defeated and killed Lysimachus at the
502:
Philetairos of Tios on the Black Sea, son of a Greek father and a
Paphlagonian mother, a high-ranking officer in the army of King Lysimachos and also his confidant, was the actual founder of Pergamon.
689:
181:
735:, (Loeb Classical Library) translated by Horace Leonard Jones; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. (1924) Books 10–12,
714:, Books I-II, (Loeb Classical Library) translated by W. H. S. Jones; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. (1918)
1754:
702:
585:
338:(among others). Philetaerus first served under Antigonus. He then shifted his allegiance to Lysimachus, who, after Antigonus was killed at the
444:(the son of Philetaerus' brother also named Eumenes), who succeeded him as ruler of Pergamon, upon his death in 263 BC. With the exception of
2011:
818:
701:
of
Pompeius Trogus, translated, with Footnotes, by the Rev. John Selby Watson; London: Henry G. Bohn, York Street, Convent Garden (1853).
428:, explained that when Philetaerus was a baby, he was brought into a crowd where he was pressed upon and his testicles were crushed.
2250:
448:, all future Attalid rulers depicted the bust of Philetaerus on their coins, paying tribute to the founder of their dynasty.
45:
601:
For a more detailed account of the benefactions of
Philetaerus, including sources, see Hansen, pp. 18–19; see also Strabo,
748:
740:
719:
685:
670:
495:
39:
811:
2265:
409:(Pergamon's patron deity), and Pergamon's first palace, and he added considerably to the city's fortifications.
354:
Philetaerus served
Lysimachus until 282 BC, when, perhaps because of conflicts involving the court intrigues of
1935:
1827:
2016:
2076:
2062:
1930:
1915:
1070:
2220:
1925:
1910:
1885:
1862:
1842:
2124:
2109:
1920:
1905:
1890:
1875:
1832:
1804:
1015:
804:
17:
2255:
1940:
1895:
1870:
1847:
1817:
1638:
1852:
1837:
1740:
1697:
1523:
1276:
920:
342:
in 301 BC, made
Philetaerus commander of Pergamon, where Lysimachus kept a treasury of nine thousand
315:
2167:
2099:
2085:
2080:
2071:
2057:
2043:
2033:
1900:
1822:
1750:
1735:
1702:
1692:
1568:
1281:
662:
641:
624:
602:
589:
559:
542:
517:
468:
572:
555:
2240:
2147:
2114:
2067:
2053:
1945:
1812:
1759:
1725:
1717:
1666:
1661:
1347:
1171:
1050:
984:
892:
859:
723:
628:
752:
2245:
2182:
2048:
1880:
1769:
1764:
1730:
1687:
1656:
1528:
1453:
1390:
1367:
1286:
1271:
1261:
1256:
1241:
1181:
1176:
1161:
1030:
935:
925:
887:
707:
244:
172:
2208:
2203:
2187:
2157:
2023:
1789:
1745:
1682:
1478:
1468:
1415:
1410:
1266:
1246:
1236:
1231:
1216:
1206:
1166:
1045:
1040:
1020:
1010:
994:
989:
854:
440:
Philetaerus never married and, since he was a eunuch, had no children. He adopted his nephew
2193:
2172:
1975:
1794:
1646:
1221:
1201:
1118:
1108:
1075:
1025:
930:
902:
882:
844:
359:
311:
8:
2142:
2094:
2089:
1980:
1784:
1677:
1671:
1533:
1251:
1186:
1128:
1055:
1035:
999:
945:
940:
849:
367:
355:
307:
2162:
1593:
1445:
1156:
1146:
1113:
950:
869:
827:
631:
state that he was a eunuch, according to Strabo, as the result of a childhood accident.
331:
109:
2198:
2177:
2132:
1779:
1707:
1553:
1191:
1151:
966:
912:
897:
744:
736:
715:
694:
681:
666:
491:
394:. As a result, Philetaerus gained prestige and goodwill for himself and his family.
2260:
1955:
1774:
1425:
1309:
1211:
1004:
979:
363:
202:
44:
Marble bust of
Philetaerus. Roman copy from 1st century AD of the Greek original.
1651:
1608:
1543:
1503:
1319:
1196:
1138:
1103:
1095:
974:
778:
676:
Kosmetatou, Elizabeth (2003) "The
Attalids of Pergamon," in Andrew Erskine, ed.,
343:
339:
256:
146:
54:
2028:
1598:
1538:
1226:
836:
188:, Greek goddess of war and wisdom, on the reverse, struck during the reign of
2234:
1996:
1985:
1483:
1473:
1430:
1395:
1123:
2038:
2001:
1965:
1618:
1603:
1518:
1458:
1420:
1400:
1385:
1060:
296:
481:
479:
477:
1578:
1573:
1513:
1498:
1435:
1380:
1357:
1352:
1065:
300:
2137:
2104:
1970:
1628:
1488:
1375:
1342:
1304:
1296:
771:
474:
445:
323:
73:
2006:
1990:
1623:
1613:
1588:
1558:
1463:
1405:
1337:
1332:
1085:
1080:
955:
877:
796:
788:
441:
417:
402:
335:
284:
189:
84:
1583:
1508:
1493:
425:
374:
288:
264:
260:
184:
Coin, depicting the head of
Philetaerus on the obverse and seated
2152:
1548:
421:
398:
387:
319:
141:
485:
397:
During his nearly forty year rule, he constructed the temple of
1563:
728:
513:
464:
433:
413:
406:
379:
327:
276:
185:
113:
105:
100:
226:
180:
391:
383:
132:
416:, though scholars differ on the reason for his castration.
386:. He also contributed troops, money and food to the city of
232:
270:
217:
211:
235:
208:
205:
229:
223:
214:
220:
488:Pergamon: The Telephos Frieze from the Great Altar
2232:
310:in 323 BC, Philetaerus became involved in the
812:
819:
805:
362:in 281 BC. Seleucus himself was killed by
38:
490:. University of Texas Press. p. 24.
486:Renée Dreyfus, Ellen Schraudolph (1996).
255:, c. 343 –263 BC) was the founder of the
27:Governor and autonomous ruler of Pergamon
665:; London: Cornell University Press Ltd.
537:
535:
179:
680:. Oxford: Blackwell: pp. 159–174.
14:
2233:
826:
314:among Alexander's regional governors,
271:Early life and career under Lysimachus
1751:Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos
800:
532:
46:Naples National Archaeological Museum
2219:Hellenistic rulers were preceded by
678:A Companion to the Hellenistic World
349:
24:
25:
2277:
390:for defense against the invading
201:
2251:3rd-century BC monarchs in Asia
634:
617:
608:
405:of Pergamon, and the temple of
595:
578:
565:
548:
523:
507:
458:
13:
1:
2223:in most of their territories.
1021:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter
651:
291:. His father Attalus (Greek:
299:and his mother Boa was from
7:
1016:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
10:
2282:
657:Hansen, Esther V. (1971).
366:, a brother of Arsinoë at
248:
133:
2217:
2123:
1954:
1861:
1803:
1716:
1637:
1444:
1366:
1318:
1295:
1137:
1094:
965:
921:Antigonus I Monophthalmus
911:
868:
835:
785:
776:
765:
760:
168:
160:
152:
140:
128:
120:
94:
90:
80:
68:
60:
53:
37:
32:
1282:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
1081:Cleopatra VII Philopator
663:Cornell University Press
659:The Attalids of Pergamon
451:
275:Philetaerus was born in
2079:'s attempted rule with
1760:Mithridates V Euergetes
1172:Antiochus III the Great
985:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
926:Demetrius I Poliorcetes
850:Alexander III the Great
373:Though nominally under
283:), a small town on the
2266:Generals of Lysimachus
1863:Monarchs of Cappadocia
1765:Mithridates VI Eupator
1287:Philip II Philoromaeus
1272:Antiochus XII Dionysus
1262:Demetrius III Eucaerus
1257:Antiochus XI Epiphanes
1242:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
1182:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
1177:Seleucus IV Philopator
1162:Seleucus II Callinicus
1061:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
936:Demetrius II Aetolicus
193:
1805:Monarchs of Commagene
1726:Mithridates I Ctistes
1267:Philip I Philadelphus
1247:Seleucus VI Epiphanes
1237:Antiochus VIII Grypus
1232:Seleucus V Philometor
1217:Antiochus VII Sidetes
1207:Antiochus VI Dionysus
1167:Seleucus III Ceraunus
1066:Berenice IV Epiphanea
1011:Ptolemy VI Philometor
995:Ptolemy IV Philopator
990:Ptolemy III Euergetes
855:Philip III Arrhidaeus
712:Description of Greece
183:
1639:Monarchs of Bithynia
1222:Alexander II Zabinas
1202:Demetrius II Nicator
1119:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
1086:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
1051:Ptolemy XI Alexander
1026:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
931:Antigonus II Gonatas
661:. Ithaca, New York:
370:a few months later.
360:Battle of Corupedium
312:Wars of the Diadochi
2221:Hellenistic satraps
1252:Antiochus X Eusebes
1187:Antiochus V Eupator
1129:Cleopatra Selene II
1056:Ptolemy XII Auletes
1041:Ptolemy X Alexander
1036:Ptolemy IX Lathyros
1000:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
941:Antigonus III Doson
614:Hansen, pp. 17, 18.
584:Junianus Justinus,
308:Alexander the Great
306:After the death of
2125:Monarchs of Epirus
1958:Cimmerian Bosporus
1718:Monarchs of Pontus
1277:Cleopatra Selene I
1157:Antiochus II Theos
1147:Seleucus I Nicator
1114:Demetrius the Fair
1096:Monarchs of Cyrene
412:Philetaerus was a
194:
2256:Kings of Pergamon
2228:
2227:
1708:Socrates Chrestus
1197:Alexander I Balas
1192:Demetrius I Soter
1152:Antiochus I Soter
898:Antipater Etesias
795:
794:
786:Succeeded by
779:Ruler of Pergamon
699:Philippic History
697:, Epitome of the
695:Junianus Justinus
350:Ruler of Pergamon
178:
177:
16:(Redirected from
2273:
2020:
1936:Ariobarzanes III
1310:Ptolemy Epigonos
1212:Diodotus Tryphon
1005:Cleopatra I Syra
980:Ptolemy Keraunos
821:
814:
807:
798:
797:
758:
757:
645:
638:
632:
621:
615:
612:
606:
599:
593:
582:
576:
569:
563:
552:
546:
539:
530:
527:
521:
511:
505:
504:
483:
472:
462:
432:"Philetaerus of
364:Ptolemy Ceraunus
250:
242:
241:
238:
237:
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
210:
207:
173:Greek polytheism
136:
135:
55:King of Pergamon
42:
30:
29:
21:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2213:
2119:
2110:Mithridates III
2014:
1957:
1956:Monarchs of the
1950:
1931:Ariobarzanes II
1916:Ariarathes VIII
1857:
1843:Mithridates III
1799:
1741:Mithridates III
1712:
1633:
1440:
1368:Greco-Bactrians
1362:
1314:
1291:
1133:
1090:
975:Ptolemy I Soter
961:
907:
864:
831:
825:
791:
782:
769:
743:; Books 13–14,
654:
649:
648:
639:
635:
627:and Pausanias,
622:
618:
613:
609:
600:
596:
583:
579:
570:
566:
553:
549:
540:
533:
528:
524:
512:
508:
498:
484:
475:
463:
459:
454:
352:
340:Battle of Ipsus
273:
257:Attalid dynasty
204:
200:
192:(263 BC–241 BC)
147:Attalid dynasty
103:
99:
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2279:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2241:340s BC births
2226:
2225:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2168:Neoptolemus II
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2083:
2074:
2065:
2063:Mithridates II
2060:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2029:Paerisades III
2026:
2021:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1926:Ariobarzanes I
1923:
1918:
1913:
1911:Ariarathes VII
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1886:Ariarathes III
1883:
1878:
1873:
1867:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1833:Mithridates II
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1809:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1736:Mithridates II
1733:
1728:
1722:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1599:Apollodotus II
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1450:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1372:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1324:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1301:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1227:Cleopatra Thea
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
971:
969:
963:
962:
960:
959:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
917:
915:
909:
908:
906:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
874:
872:
866:
865:
863:
862:
857:
852:
847:
841:
839:
833:
832:
824:
823:
816:
809:
801:
793:
792:
787:
784:
775:
763:
762:
761:Regnal titles
756:
755:
726:
705:
692:
674:
653:
650:
647:
646:
633:
616:
607:
594:
577:
564:
547:
531:
529:Hansen, p. 15.
522:
506:
496:
473:
456:
455:
453:
450:
438:
437:
351:
348:
272:
269:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
162:
158:
157:
154:
150:
149:
144:
138:
137:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
96:
92:
91:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
51:
50:
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2278:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2246:263 BC deaths
2244:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2148:Neoptolemus I
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2044:Mithridates I
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2034:Paerisades IV
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1997:Paerisades II
1995:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1986:Spartokos III
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1921:Ariarathes IX
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1906:Ariarathes VI
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1891:Ariarathes IV
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1876:Ariarathes II
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1848:Antiochus III
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1823:Mithridates I
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1698:Nicomedes III
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1529:Demetrius III
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1484:Antimachus II
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1474:Apollodotus I
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1431:Eucratides II
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1396:Euthydemus II
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
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1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
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1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1288:
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1278:
1275:
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1265:
1263:
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1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1124:Ptolemy Apion
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1031:Cleopatra III
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
972:
970:
968:
964:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
918:
916:
914:
910:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
875:
873:
871:
867:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
842:
840:
838:
834:
829:
822:
817:
815:
810:
808:
803:
802:
799:
790:
781:
780:
773:
768:
764:
759:
754:
750:
749:0-674-99246-6
746:
742:
741:0-674-99233-4
738:
734:
730:
727:
725:
721:
720:0-674-99104-4
717:
713:
709:
706:
704:
700:
696:
693:
691:
687:
686:1-4051-3278-7
683:
679:
675:
672:
671:0-8014-0615-3
668:
664:
660:
656:
655:
643:
637:
630:
626:
623:Both Strabo,
620:
611:
604:
598:
591:
587:
581:
574:
568:
561:
557:
551:
544:
538:
536:
526:
519:
515:
510:
503:
499:
497:0-88401-091-0
493:
489:
482:
480:
478:
470:
466:
461:
457:
449:
447:
443:
435:
431:
430:
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389:
385:
381:
376:
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365:
361:
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347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
246:
245:Ancient Greek
240:
198:
191:
187:
182:
174:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
148:
145:
143:
139:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
102:
97:
93:
89:
86:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
56:
52:
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
2183:Alexander II
2039:Paerisades V
2002:Spartokos IV
1966:Paerisades I
1941:Ariarathes X
1896:Ariarathes V
1871:Ariarathes I
1853:Antiochus IV
1838:Antiochus II
1770:Pharnaces II
1731:Ariobarzanes
1703:Nicomedes IV
1693:Nicomedes II
1619:Apollophanes
1604:Hippostratos
1519:Heliokles II
1479:Demetrius II
1459:Antimachus I
1421:Eucratides I
1416:Demetrius II
1401:Antimachus I
1386:Euthydemus I
1327:
1071:Ptolemy XIII
1046:Berenice III
893:Antipater II
860:Alexander IV
777:
766:
732:
711:
698:
677:
658:
636:
619:
610:
597:
580:
567:
550:
525:
509:
501:
487:
460:
439:
420:, the first
411:
396:
372:
353:
305:
292:
280:
274:
252:
196:
195:
104:(modern-day
2204:Pyrrhus III
2188:Olympias II
2158:Alexander I
2015: [
2012:Spartokos V
1881:Ariamnes II
1828:Antiochus I
1790:Pythodorida
1746:Pharnaces I
1667:Zipoetes II
1662:Nicomedes I
1579:Artemidoros
1574:Menander II
1514:Antialcidas
1499:Agathokleia
1454:Demetrius I
1446:Indo-Greeks
1436:Heliocles I
1391:Demetrius I
1381:Diodotus II
1358:Eumenes III
1353:Attalus III
1328:Philetaerus
1297:Lysimachids
1109:Berenice II
1076:Ptolemy XIV
958:(pretender)
888:Alexander V
870:Antipatrids
828:Hellenistic
783:282–263 BC
571:Pausanias,
554:Pausanias,
378:temples at
346:of silver.
301:Paphlagonia
253:Philétairos
197:Philetaerus
69:Predecessor
33:Philetaerus
18:Philetairos
2235:Categories
2194:Pyrrhus II
2173:Alcetas II
2138:Tharrhypas
2105:Gepaepyris
2077:Scribonius
1971:Satyros II
1901:Orophernes
1813:Ptolemaeus
1795:Polemon II
1688:Prusias II
1657:Zipoetes I
1629:Strato III
1554:Theophilos
1534:Philoxenus
1489:Menander I
1469:Agathocles
1411:Agathocles
1376:Diodotus I
1348:Attalus II
1343:Eumenes II
1305:Lysimachus
913:Antigonids
772:Lysimachus
652:References
588:; Strabo,
558:; Strabo,
446:Eumenes II
368:Lysimachia
324:Lysimachus
249:Φιλέταιρος
134:Φιλέταιρος
74:Lysimachus
64:282–263 BC
2178:Pyrrhus I
2143:Alcetas I
2049:Pharnaces
2024:Kamasarye
2007:Leukon II
1991:Hygiainon
1946:Archelaus
1785:Polemon I
1683:Prusias I
1624:Strato II
1614:Zoilos II
1609:Dionysios
1589:Archebius
1559:Peukolaos
1524:Polyxenos
1464:Pantaleon
1406:Pantaleon
1338:Attalus I
1333:Eumenes I
1139:Seleucids
967:Ptolemies
956:Philip VI
903:Sosthenes
883:Philip IV
878:Cassander
845:Philip II
789:Eumenes I
767:New title
733:Geography
708:Pausanias
556:1.10.3, 4
442:Eumenes I
418:Attalus I
403:acropolis
336:Babylonia
316:Antigonus
287:coast in
285:Black Sea
190:Eumenes I
110:Zonguldak
98:c. 343 BC
85:Eumenes I
81:Successor
2209:Deidamia
2190:(regent)
2163:Aeacides
2100:Aspurgus
1993:(regent)
1976:Prytanis
1818:Sames II
1674:(regent)
1647:Boteiras
1594:Telephos
1584:Hermaeus
1539:Diomedes
1509:Strato I
1494:Zoilos I
1320:Attalids
1007:(regent)
946:Philip V
774:kingdom
770:part of
640:Strabo,
541:Strabo,
426:Pergamon
424:king of
375:Seleucid
332:Seleucus
289:Anatolia
279:(Greek:
265:Anatolia
261:Pergamon
169:Religion
72:part of
2261:Eunuchs
2199:Ptolemy
2153:Arybbas
2133:Admetus
2115:Cotys I
2095:Polemon
2090:Polemon
2086:Dynamis
2081:Dynamis
2072:Dynamis
2068:Asander
2058:Dynamis
2054:Asander
1981:Eumelos
1780:Arsaces
1755:Laodice
1678:Ziaelas
1672:Etazeta
1549:Epander
1544:Amyntas
951:Perseus
837:Argeads
422:Attalid
401:on the
399:Demeter
388:Cyzicus
356:Arsinoë
344:talents
320:Phrygia
293:Attalos
156:Attalus
142:Dynasty
76:kingdom
1775:Darius
1569:Nicias
1564:Thraso
1504:Lysias
830:rulers
753:
747:
739:
729:Strabo
724:
718:
703:
684:
669:
642:13.4.2
625:13.4.1
603:13.4.1
590:13.4.1
573:1.10.5
560:13.4.1
543:13.4.1
518:12.3.8
514:Strabo
494:
469:12.3.8
465:Strabo
434:Tieium
414:eunuch
407:Athena
380:Delphi
330:, and
328:Thrace
295:) was
281:Tieion
277:Tieium
186:Athena
161:Mother
153:Father
124:263 BC
114:Turkey
106:Filyos
101:Tieium
2088:with
2070:with
2056:with
2019:]
1753:with
1426:Plato
1104:Magas
629:1.8.1
452:Notes
392:Gauls
384:Delos
297:Greek
129:Greek
61:Reign
745:ISBN
737:ISBN
716:ISBN
690:text
682:ISBN
667:ISBN
586:17.2
492:ISBN
382:and
121:Died
95:Born
1652:Bas
334:in
326:in
318:in
263:in
259:of
164:Boa
2237::
2017:ru
731:,
710:,
688:.
534:^
516:,
500:.
476:^
467:,
322:,
303:.
267:.
251:,
247::
243:;
227:iː
112:,
108:,
820:e
813:t
806:v
751:.
722:.
673:.
644:.
605:.
592:.
575:.
562:.
545:.
520:.
471:.
239:/
236:s
233:ə
230:r
224:t
221:ˈ
218:ɪ
215:l
212:ɪ
209:f
206:ˌ
203:/
199:(
116:)
48:.
20:)
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