1098:
1209:
999:
538:
265:
1065:
922:
1167:
980:
1083:
1121:
131:
550:
1046:
1023:
1190:
566:
961:
311:
307:. The raised design had multiple advantages, they mitigate damage during flooding and (in very tall examples) can act as defensive structures during conflicts. The house posts are also distinctively capped with larger-diameter discs at the top, to prevent vermin and pests from entering the structures by climbing them. Austronesian houses and other structures are usually built in wetlands and alongside bodies of water, but can also be built in the highlands or even directly on shallow water.
1144:
1224:
1262:
514:, who live along the Brahmaputra. Unlike many forms of traditional architecture, including stilt architecture, in South and Southeast Asia, the construction of chang ghar is making a resurgence and increasing in popularity, as a result of climate change increasing regular flooding in Assam, and the stilts of the chang ghar is adapted to flooding in the first place. The height of the stilts of the chang ghar is determined by the height of the water during the last major flood.
1243:
111:
943:
245:, are built on stilts to keep permafrost under them from melting. Permafrost can be up to 70% water. While frozen, it provides a stable foundation. However, if heat radiating from the bottom of a home melts the permafrost, the home goes out of level and starts sinking into the ground. Other means of keeping the permafrost from melting are available, but raising the home off the ground on stilts is one of the most effective ways.
31:
383:). But these are limited to the recent centuries. They can also be reconstructed linguistically from shared terms for architectural elements, like ridge-poles, thatch, rafters, house posts, hearth, notched log ladders, storage racks, public buildings, and so on. Linguistic evidence also makes it clear that stilt houses were already present among Austronesian groups since at least the
222:
569:
568:
574:
572:
567:
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465:
cultural influence to the islands. Rice cultivation is also believed to have been introduced to Japan from a para-Austronesian group from coastal eastern China. Waterson (2009) has also argued that the architectural tradition of stilt houses in eastern Asia and the
Pacific is originally Austronesian,
332:
and storehouses, which are highly important status symbols among the ancestrally rice-cultivating
Austronesians. The rice granary shrine was also the archetypal religious building among Austronesian cultures and was used to store carvings of ancestor spirits and local deities. While rice cultivation
366:
The majority of
Austronesian structures are not permanent. They are made from perishable materials like wood, bamboo, plant fiber, and leaves. Because of this, archaeological records of prehistoric Austronesian structures are usually limited to traces of house posts, with no way of determining the
576:
575:
73:. The shady space under the house can be used for work or storage. Stilt houses are commonly found in Southeast Asia, Oceania, Central America, Caribbean, northern parts of South America, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles and the Maldives.
570:
1097:
525:, another regions with high rainfall and regular flooding from monsoons. Although stilt houses in the Kerala Backwaters have been a traditional method of house construction for many years, following the disastrous
1261:
1444:
834:
998:
1166:
367:
original building plans. Indirect evidence of traditional
Austronesian architecture, however, can be gleaned from their contemporary representations in art, like in
1618:"Śāstric and Austronesian Comparative Perspectives: Parallel Frameworks on Indic Architectural and Cultural Translations among Western Malayo-Polynesian Societies"
890:
1768:
1743:
461:. They propose significant Neolithic contact between the people of southern Japan and Austronesians or pre-Austronesians that occurred prior to the spread of
1022:
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2001:
1925:
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supported by a single tall post also had ritual importance and were used to isolate high-born children during their training for leadership.
1826:
3715:
3224:
3547:
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1298:
675:
178:
was inspired to name the region "Venezuela" (little Venice). As the costs of hurricane damage increase, more and more houses along the
1448:
1120:
1794:
960:
1082:
979:
443:(2013) have also noted the striking similarities between Austronesian architecture and Japanese traditional raised architecture (
1223:
793:
Palafito – Found throughout South
America since Pre-Columbian times. In the late 19th century, numerous palafitos were built in
659:, but today it is clear that the majority of settlements were located on the shores of lakes and were only inundated later on.
1896:
1862:
1544:
1480:
1394:
1360:
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settled by
Austronesians. The structures are raised on piles, usually with the space underneath also utilized for storage or
1994:
652:
1189:
304:
390:
In the late 20th century, stilt houses in extremely calm ocean water became a popular form of tourist lodging known as
151:
1572:
Arbi E, Rao SP, Omar S (21 November 2013). "Austronesian
Architectural Heritage and the Grand Shrines at Ise, Japan".
3125:
2031:
1727:
1654:
1629:
3332:
3219:
1112:
529:, many more stilt houses have been constructed recently and utilize concrete as well as timber for their pillars.
3744:
3135:
2173:
1987:
667:
554:
419:
3856:
3357:
2887:
2147:
1282:
558:
411:
2215:
1744:"India's Mising community seeks to expand its indigenous adaptation practices in response to climate change"
1242:
3352:
2892:
2365:
1512:"Menghuni Lumbung: Beberapa Pertimbangan Mengenai Asal-Usul Konstruksi Rumah Panggung di Kepulauan Pasifik"
264:
2041:
2318:
844:
537:
17:
259:
3620:
3421:
764:– Built primarily for fishing, but often doubling up as offshore dwellings in the following countries:
722:
162:
are especially widespread along the banks of the tropical river valleys of South
America, notably the
3426:
3241:
3615:
2707:
2252:
1423:
893:– Similar to the Thai ones, except having a front door with a smaller height for religious reasons.
2779:
2774:
942:
3732:
3642:
2814:
2581:
2400:
2333:
2065:
593:
137:
1352:
494:, which is extremely prone to regional flooding from the Brahmaputra. These houses are known as
3820:
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3300:
3191:
3179:
2875:
2616:
2455:
2092:
2026:
2010:
1966:
202:
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1617:
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1033:
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751:
699:
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288:
58:
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1974:
1769:"India's Mising tribe lives in traditional flood-resilient homes to adapt to climate change"
1717:
806:
121:
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3825:
3776:
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3749:
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3084:
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2157:
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284:
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1701:
8:
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2524:
2405:
2380:
1854:
Toward an
Understanding of Europe: A Political Economic Précis of Continental Integration
682:
355:. They were used to store implements, weapons, ships, and other valuables; while smaller
226:
35:
328:
Building structures on pilings is believed to be derived from the design of raised rice
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3669:
3571:
3384:
2566:
2296:
2262:
1589:
1345:
1173:
1052:
870:
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are elaborately adorned with carvings and are often the tallest buildings in the Māori
1347:
Living with
Florida's Atlantic beaches: Coastal hazards from Amelia Island to Key West
391:
3808:
3798:
3788:
3737:
3394:
3312:
2606:
2591:
2576:
2556:
2447:
2426:
2237:
2080:
1892:
1858:
1802:
1723:
1650:
1625:
1593:
1540:
1476:
1390:
1356:
1285:– an English-language article about the stilt house museum in Unteruhldingen, Germany
928:
867:
704:
522:
499:
432:'turtle shell house') because Chinese stilt house structures inspired from a
155:
3803:
3710:
3453:
3236:
3036:
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2912:
2712:
2534:
2385:
2345:
1955:
1696:
1686:
1670:
1581:
876:
549:
450:
395:
372:
292:
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with capped house posts are believed to be derived from the designs of traditional
175:
130:
3295:
3251:
474:-speaking groups) correspond to contacts with a prehistoric Austronesian network.
3684:
3654:
3416:
3344:
3322:
3280:
3175:
3145:
3010:
3005:
2656:
2539:
2110:
1647:
Arkitekturang Filipino: A History of Architecture and Urbanism in the Philippines
1268:
989:
933:
852:
663:
637:
625:
596:
are researching the only Iron Age lakeside settlement currently known in Austria.
507:
483:
318:
194:
86:
948:
721:
In Italy there are several stilt-houses settlements, for example the one on the
342:
3793:
3720:
3542:
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3438:
3327:
3199:
2907:
2492:
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1293:
1177:
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1029:
1009:
715:
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and that similar building traditions in Japan and mainland Asia (notably among
445:
398:
and quickly spread to other tourist locations, especially in tropical locales.
384:
334:
186:
171:
1691:
1674:
1511:
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170:
river systems. Stilt houses were such a prevalent feature along the shores of
3850:
3679:
3664:
3610:
3588:
3485:
3473:
3389:
3258:
3140:
3101:
3089:
3077:
2789:
2700:
2629:
2370:
2313:
2291:
2200:
2132:
2127:
2105:
1888:
Living on the lake in prehistoric Europe: 150 years of lake-dwelling research
1806:
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1056:
838:
798:
648:
641:
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273:
117:
62:
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2431:
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1937:
1303:
581:
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206:
163:
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1959:
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3583:
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3431:
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2742:
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2717:
2688:
2646:
2561:
2529:
2477:
2410:
2247:
2122:
1979:
1323:
1308:
1074:
1013:
971:
967:
787:
765:
686:
655:
thought they formed artificial islands, much like the Irish and Scottish
462:
315:
233:
or Kamchadals. Their winter dwellings were earth-sheltered and communal.
3781:
3674:
3632:
3448:
3411:
3374:
3270:
2857:
2769:
2596:
2497:
2470:
2390:
2188:
2142:
2053:
2021:
985:
880:
848:
755:
609:
605:
454:
296:
238:
210:
179:
110:
27:
Houses raised on piles over the surface of the soil or a body of water
3689:
3458:
3443:
3041:
3026:
2951:
2934:
2852:
2737:
2678:
2668:
2663:
2586:
2465:
2353:
2279:
2046:
2036:
1313:
1288:
1249:
1158:
1135:
1037:
777:
773:
714:, are still in use as granaries. In England, granaries are placed on
694:
621:
601:
380:
376:
329:
300:
277:
190:
39:
718:, similar to stilts, to prevent mice and rats getting to the grain.
671:
3463:
3399:
3246:
3204:
2939:
2847:
2722:
2544:
2507:
2487:
1827:"'Stilt houses can defy floodwaters' | Kochi News - Times of India"
1230:
1215:
1200:
1108:
903:
783:
769:
729:
629:
585:
283:
Raised rectangular houses are one of the cultural hallmarks of the
230:
66:
3525:
3317:
3263:
3209:
3031:
2837:
2747:
2601:
2502:
2460:
2323:
2242:
2195:
2183:
1253:
1150:
1089:
1005:
884:
816:
802:
733:
711:
656:
467:
368:
167:
82:
30:
3593:
3130:
3108:
2961:
2897:
2842:
2232:
2210:
2178:
2152:
1675:"Austronesian influence and Transeurasian ancestry in Japanese"
1318:
1234:
1181:
824:
761:
679:
518:
433:
242:
94:
70:
3659:
3379:
3113:
3067:
2929:
2784:
2732:
2308:
2274:
1131:
1070:
907:
863:
859:
820:
794:
542:
491:
221:
198:
351:
3605:
3566:
3046:
2902:
2832:
2752:
2624:
2137:
1622:
Spirits and Ships: Cultural Transfers in Early Monsoon Asia
613:
141:
90:
65:. Stilt houses are built primarily as a protection against
758:
with a single stilt, optimized for harnessing solar power.
2917:
2683:
2641:
1719:
Paths and Rivers: Sa'dan Toraja Society in Transformation
1445:"Fortified Home Design Pioneered on the Texas Gulf Coast"
401:
85:
are also a common feature in West Africa, e.g., in the
1269:
Ontario College of Art & Design University (OCAD)
841:, commonly found in the southern coastal area of PNG.
553:
Reconstruction of Bronze Age German stilt houses on
185:Stilt houses are also still common in parts of the
1938:"What is a Crannog? – the Scottish Crannog Centre"
1344:
1884:
866:. It is mainly found in flood-prone areas of the
732:there used to be prehistoric stilt houses called
359:were used to store provisions. A special type of
182:are being built as or converted to stilt houses.
3848:
1954:
321:buildings raised on capped stone pillars called
902:Stilt houses as water villas are common in the
676:prehistoric pile dwellings in six Alpine states
482:In South Asia, stilt houses are very common in
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1539:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 92–98.
1468:
1342:
809:, and are now considered a typical element of
786:– The traditional house type prevalent in the
225:Summer family dwellings of the natives of the
1995:
1532:
858:Chaang Ghar – A type of stilt house built in
612:, stilt-house settlements were common in the
61:(or piles) over the surface of the soil or a
1850:
1709:
1663:
1615:
1051:Stilt houses along Puget Sound in Fragaria,
510:; chang ghar are traditionally built by the
436:and built over water surface (e.g. rivers).
1878:
1600:
1571:
1526:
1462:
427:
333:wasn't among the technologies carried into
2009:
2002:
1988:
1620:. In Acri A, Blench R, Landmann A (eds.).
1567:
1565:
1563:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1447:. Texasgulfcoastonline.com. Archived from
1299:Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps
624:) regions. Remains have been found at the
1700:
1690:
710:In the Alps, similar buildings, known as
337:, raised storehouses still survived. The
1844:
1715:
1669:
1638:
703:the dwellings of the "lake-dwellers" in
662:Reconstructed stilt houses are shown in
564:
548:
536:
309:
287:and are found throughout the regions in
263:
260:Austronesian peoples § Architecture
220:
29:
1792:
1649:. University of the Philippines Press.
1560:
1496:
1475:. Libraries Unlimited. pp. 64–65.
1382:
1336:
837:– A kind of stilt house constructed by
14:
3849:
1376:
1028:Stilt houses in Cempa, located in the
3173:
2812:
2078:
1983:
1857:. Universal-Publishers. p. 308.
1793:Kuttoor, Radhakrishnan (2019-08-26).
1472:World cultures through art activities
449:). Particularly the buildings of the
402:East Asia and Mainland Southeast Asia
3174:
1891:. Psychology Press. pp. 22–25.
1644:
1574:Journal of Asian and African Studies
1509:
1267:The Sharp Centre for Design at the
819:– A special kind of house found in
24:
1351:. Duke University Press. pp.
674:(Pfahlbauland). In June 2011, the
375:stone temples (like in reliefs in
25:
3873:
3126:Megalithic architectural elements
1948:
1624:. ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute.
1469:Dindy Robinson (15 August 1996).
1088:An African home reconstructed in
1073:stilt houses over the sea in the
879:– A kind of house often built on
748:– Stilt houses in southern China.
517:Stilt houses are also popular in
136:Stilt houses on the banks of the
2813:
1795:"Homes that survived the floods"
1419:Cambodian Heritage Camp yearbook
1260:
1241:
1222:
1207:
1188:
1165:
1142:
1119:
1096:
1081:
1063:
1044:
1021:
997:
978:
959:
941:
920:
707:and how those were constructed.
693:, has been excavated in Sweden.
345:is such an example. The largest
150:Stilt houses were also built by
129:
109:
3745:Evolutionary origin of religion
1930:
1912:
1851:Alan W. Ertl (15 August 2008).
1819:
1786:
1761:
1736:
1172:Traditional stilt house in the
1103:A bridge between stilt houses (
406:Stilt houses in China known as
248:
1702:11858/00-001M-0000-002E-8635-7
1533:Paul Rainbird (14 June 2004).
1437:
1410:
754:– A concept house designed by
423:
415:
253:
13:
1:
3358:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
2888:British megalith architecture
1536:The archaeology of Micronesia
1329:
1283:Pfahlbaumuseum Unteruhldingen
1113:Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta
827:, Hong Kong, mainly built by
559:Pfahlbaumuseum Unteruhldingen
477:
3353:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
2893:Nordic megalith architecture
1679:Language Dynamics and Change
1343:Bush, David M. (June 2004).
1271:in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
966:Lacustrine Village found in
835:Papua New Guinea stilt house
7:
1389:. Ratna Sagar. p. 63.
1276:
100:
10:
3878:
3501:British Isles and Brittany
3422:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
1885:Francesco Menotti (2004).
913:
897:
723:Rocca di Manerba del Garda
592:, archaeologists from the
453:, which contrast with the
257:
3703:
3516:
3343:
3190:
3186:
3169:
3055:
3019:
2868:
2825:
2821:
2808:
2615:
2446:
2419:
2344:
2270:
2261:
2166:
2091:
2087:
2079:
2074:
2017:
1716:Waterson, Roxana (2009).
1692:10.1163/22105832-00702005
805:, and other towns in the
532:
457:typical of the Neolithic
216:
76:
1586:10.1177/0021909613510245
847:– Stilt house common in
739:
205:and the hurricane prone
3733:Evolutionary musicology
3136:Oldest extant buildings
3063:Archaeological features
2582:Prepared-core technique
1616:bin Tajudeen I (2017).
1214:Vacation resort in the
594:University of Innsbruck
57:) are houses raised on
3695:Unchambered long cairn
3543:Mound Builders culture
2876:Neolithic architecture
2011:Prehistoric technology
1967:Encyclopedia Americana
1961:"Lake Dwellings"
891:Vietnamese stilt house
597:
562:
546:
371:on the walls of later
325:
280:
234:
203:Southern United States
43:
3370:List of Stone Age art
2572:Microblade technology
2520:Langdale axe industry
2118:Ard / plough
1748:www.preventionweb.net
1645:Lico, Gerard (2008).
1516:Antropologi Indonesia
811:Chilotan architecture
697:has described in his
691:Alvastra stilt houses
579:
552:
540:
527:2018 floods in Kerala
394:; the trend began in
313:
289:Island Southeast Asia
267:
224:
69:; they also keep out
33:
3857:Coastal construction
3777:Prehistoric medicine
3772:Prehistoric counting
3755:Prehistoric religion
3750:Paleolithic religion
3728:Behavioral modernity
3085:Causewayed enclosure
2977:Abri de la Madeleine
2101:Neolithic Revolution
1229:"Cabins on stilts",
683:World Heritage Sites
285:Austronesian peoples
89:language regions of
3816:Prehistoric warfare
2562:Magdalenian culture
2525:Levallois technique
2456:Earliest toolmaking
1833:. TNN. Aug 14, 2019
1750:. 21 September 2021
1510:Sato, Koji (1991).
689:pile dwelling, the
678:were designated as
486:, specifically the
420:traditional Chinese
392:overwater bungalows
241:is present, in the
227:Kamchatka Peninsula
209:and South Carolina
156:pre-Columbian times
3767:Origin of language
3760:Spiritual drug use
3670:Rectangular dolmen
3572:Dartmoor kistvaens
3385:Carved stone balls
3097:Circular enclosure
3056:Other architecture
2999:Alp pile dwellings
2587:Solutrean industry
2498:Gravettian culture
2148:Secondary products
1831:The Times of India
1386:Our Living World 5
1174:Missolonghi Lagoon
932:(1878 painting by
807:Chiloé Archipelago
598:
563:
547:
488:Brahmaputra Valley
412:simplified Chinese
326:
314:Reconstruction of
281:
235:
122:Chiloé Archipelago
44:
3844:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3789:Prehistoric music
3738:music archaeology
3395:Cup and ring mark
3220:Clothing/textiles
3165:
3164:
3161:
3160:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2607:Yubetsu technique
2592:Striking platform
2557:Lithic technology
2442:
2441:
2427:Game drive system
2346:Projectile points
2238:Mortar and pestle
1898:978-0-415-31720-7
1864:978-1-59942-983-0
1546:978-0-521-65630-6
1482:978-1-56308-271-9
1396:978-81-8332-295-9
1362:978-0-8223-3289-3
992:traditional house
929:Lakeside Dwelling
868:Brahmaputra river
577:
523:Kerala backwaters
430:
16:(Redirected from
3869:
3804:Divje Babe flute
3711:Archaeoastronomy
3454:Petrosomatoglyph
3188:
3187:
3171:
3170:
3020:Water management
2823:
2822:
2810:
2809:
2713:Denticulate tool
2535:Lithic reduction
2268:
2267:
2089:
2088:
2076:
2075:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1981:
1980:
1975:View on OSM wiki
1971:
1963:
1956:Ernest Ingersoll
1942:
1941:
1934:
1928:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1882:
1876:
1875:
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1848:
1842:
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1823:
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1740:
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1642:
1636:
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1613:
1598:
1597:
1569:
1558:
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1553:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1507:
1494:
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1491:
1489:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1422:. Archived from
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1350:
1340:
1264:
1248:Stilt houses in
1245:
1226:
1211:
1195:Stilt houses on
1192:
1169:
1146:
1123:
1100:
1085:
1067:
1048:
1025:
1001:
982:
963:
945:
924:
877:Thai stilt house
664:open-air museums
653:Ferdinand Keller
578:
451:Ise Grand Shrine
431:
428:
425:
417:
396:French Polynesia
305:domestic animals
293:Island Melanesia
229:(Russia) called
189:in northeastern
176:Amerigo Vespucci
133:
113:
21:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3832:
3699:
3685:Stone box grave
3655:Megalithic tomb
3560:Cotswold-Severn
3512:
3417:Guardian stones
3345:Prehistoric art
3339:
3182:
3157:
3146:Timber trackway
3051:
3015:
3011:Wattle and daub
2864:
2843:Standing stones
2817:
2796:
2611:
2438:
2415:
2340:
2257:
2167:Food processing
2162:
2111:New World crops
2083:
2070:
2013:
2008:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1917:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1849:
1845:
1836:
1834:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1811:
1809:
1791:
1787:
1778:
1776:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1753:
1751:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1722:. KITLV Press.
1714:
1710:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1643:
1639:
1632:
1614:
1601:
1570:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1531:
1527:
1508:
1497:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1467:
1463:
1454:
1452:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1429:
1427:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1256:
1246:
1237:
1227:
1218:
1212:
1203:
1193:
1184:
1170:
1161:
1149:Stilt house on
1147:
1138:
1126:Stilt house on
1124:
1115:
1101:
1092:
1086:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1049:
1040:
1026:
1017:
1002:
993:
983:
974:
964:
955:
946:
937:
934:Emmanuel Benner
925:
916:
900:
853:New South Wales
797:cities such as
742:
644:, for example.
626:Ljubljana Marsh
565:
535:
484:Northeast India
480:
404:
262:
256:
251:
219:
197:as well as the
195:northern Brazil
148:
147:
146:
145:
144:
134:
126:
125:
114:
103:
79:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3875:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3842:
3841:
3838:
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3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3818:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3794:Alligator drum
3786:
3785:
3784:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3730:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3721:lunar calendar
3718:
3707:
3705:
3704:Other cultural
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
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3657:
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3601:
3591:
3586:
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3575:
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3564:
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3552:
3551:
3550:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3522:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3508:Venus figurine
3505:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3439:Megalithic art
3436:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3397:
3392:
3390:Cave paintings
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3196:
3194:
3192:Material goods
3184:
3183:
3167:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3154:
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3143:
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3133:
3128:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3111:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3070:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2991:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2915:
2910:
2908:Cliff dwelling
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
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2703:
2693:
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2691:
2686:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
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2649:
2644:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2627:
2621:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2493:Fire hardening
2490:
2485:
2483:Clovis culture
2480:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2452:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2406:Manis Mastodon
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2350:
2348:
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2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2285:throwing stick
2277:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2181:
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2130:
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2108:
2097:
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2084:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1950:
1949:External links
1947:
1944:
1943:
1929:
1911:
1897:
1877:
1863:
1843:
1818:
1785:
1760:
1735:
1728:
1708:
1685:(2): 210–251.
1662:
1655:
1637:
1630:
1599:
1559:
1545:
1525:
1495:
1481:
1461:
1436:
1409:
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1334:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1294:Post in ground
1291:
1286:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1257:
1247:
1240:
1238:
1228:
1221:
1219:
1213:
1206:
1204:
1197:Tonlé Sap Lake
1194:
1187:
1185:
1178:Western Greece
1171:
1164:
1162:
1148:
1141:
1139:
1128:Lake Maracaibo
1125:
1118:
1116:
1102:
1095:
1093:
1087:
1080:
1078:
1069:
1062:
1060:
1050:
1043:
1041:
1030:Lingga Islands
1027:
1020:
1018:
1016:(c. 1908-1924)
1010:Maranao people
1003:
996:
994:
984:
977:
975:
965:
958:
956:
947:
940:
938:
926:
919:
915:
912:
899:
896:
895:
894:
888:
874:
856:
842:
832:
814:
791:
781:
759:
749:
741:
738:
716:staddle stones
668:Unteruhldingen
649:archaeologists
618:Pianura Padana
555:Lake Constance
541:Palafittes of
534:
531:
479:
476:
446:shinmei-zukuri
403:
400:
385:Late Neolithic
373:Hindu-Buddhist
335:Remote Oceania
272:houses of the
255:
252:
250:
247:
218:
215:
187:Mosquito Coast
172:Lake Maracaibo
135:
128:
127:
115:
108:
107:
106:
105:
104:
102:
99:
78:
75:
55:lake dwellings
51:pile dwellings
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3874:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
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3765:
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3758:
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3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3680:Simple dolmen
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3665:Passage grave
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3611:Gallery grave
3609:
3607:
3604:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3573:
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3569:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3526:Burial mounds
3524:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3486:Statue menhir
3484:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3474:Stone carving
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
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3447:
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3433:
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3425:
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3401:
3398:
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3368:
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3348:
3346:
3342:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3313:Sewing needle
3311:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3244:
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3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3172:
3168:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3141:Timber circle
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3091:
3090:Tor enclosure
3088:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3079:
3078:fulacht fiadh
3076:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3000:
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2995:
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2990:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
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2731:
2729:
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2724:
2721:
2719:
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2702:
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2608:
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2428:
2425:
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2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
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2364:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2314:spear-thrower
2312:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2292:Bow and arrow
2290:
2286:
2283:
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2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2260:
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2251:
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2239:
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2234:
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2229:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2201:Grinding slab
2199:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2133:Domestication
2131:
2129:
2128:Digging stick
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2106:Founder crops
2104:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2047:New Stone Age
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1900:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1881:
1866:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1847:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1774:
1773:Global Voices
1770:
1764:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1731:
1729:9789004253858
1725:
1721:
1720:
1712:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1658:
1656:9789715425797
1652:
1648:
1641:
1633:
1631:9789814762762
1627:
1623:
1619:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1548:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1484:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1465:
1451:on 2008-09-07
1450:
1446:
1440:
1426:on 2017-11-11
1425:
1421:
1420:
1413:
1398:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1383:Our Experts.
1379:
1364:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1339:
1335:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
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1300:
1297:
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1287:
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1280:
1270:
1263:
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1244:
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1220:
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1210:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1168:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1155:Delta Amacuro
1152:
1145:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1061:
1058:
1057:United States
1054:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1000:
995:
991:
987:
981:
976:
973:
969:
962:
957:
954:(storehouses)
953:
950:
944:
939:
935:
931:
930:
923:
918:
917:
911:
909:
905:
892:
889:
886:
882:
878:
875:
872:
869:
865:
861:
857:
854:
851:and northern
850:
846:
843:
840:
836:
833:
830:
826:
822:
818:
815:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
789:
785:
782:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
760:
757:
753:
750:
747:
744:
743:
737:
735:
731:
726:
724:
719:
717:
713:
708:
706:
702:
701:
696:
692:
688:
684:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
660:
658:
654:
650:
645:
643:
642:Upper Austria
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
595:
591:
590:Upper Austria
587:
583:
560:
556:
551:
544:
539:
530:
528:
524:
520:
515:
513:
512:Mising people
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
475:
473:
472:Austroasiatic
469:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:
442:
437:
435:
421:
413:
409:
399:
397:
393:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
364:
362:
358:
354:
353:
348:
344:
340:
336:
331:
324:
320:
317:
312:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
279:
275:
274:Ifugao people
271:
266:
261:
246:
244:
240:
237:Houses where
232:
228:
223:
214:
212:
208:
204:
201:parts of the
200:
196:
192:
188:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
143:
139:
132:
123:
119:
116:Palafitos in
112:
98:
96:
92:
88:
84:
74:
72:
68:
64:
63:body of water
60:
56:
52:
49:(also called
48:
41:
37:
32:
19:
3621:wedge-shaped
3606:Funeral pyre
3599:Great dolmen
3555:Chamber tomb
3536:Round barrow
3491:Stone circle
3363:Blombos Cave
3291:Grooved ware
3215:Chalcolithic
3119:Thornborough
3037:Flush toilet
2993:
2972:Blombos Cave
2967:Rock shelter
2923:Quiggly hole
2815:Architecture
2790:illustration
2432:Buffalo jump
2253:Storage pits
2216:Aşıklı Höyük
2206:Ground stone
2042:Subdivisions
1965:
1932:
1919:
1914:
1902:. Retrieved
1887:
1880:
1868:. Retrieved
1853:
1846:
1835:. Retrieved
1830:
1821:
1810:. Retrieved
1798:
1788:
1777:. Retrieved
1775:. 2022-02-09
1772:
1763:
1752:. Retrieved
1747:
1738:
1718:
1711:
1682:
1678:
1665:
1646:
1640:
1621:
1577:
1573:
1550:. Retrieved
1535:
1528:
1519:
1515:
1486:. Retrieved
1471:
1464:
1453:. Retrieved
1449:the original
1439:
1428:. Retrieved
1424:the original
1418:
1412:
1400:. Retrieved
1385:
1378:
1366:. Retrieved
1346:
1338:
1324:Wood pilings
1304:Rumah Melayu
1104:
1034:Riau Islands
951:
927:
901:
855:, Australia.
845:Queenslander
727:
720:
709:
698:
687:Scandinavian
661:
646:
599:
582:Traunkirchen
516:
503:
495:
481:
459:Yayoi period
444:
440:
438:
408:guījiǎfángwū
407:
405:
389:
365:
360:
356:
350:
346:
343:Māori people
338:
327:
322:
316:Latte period
282:
269:
249:Asia-Pacific
236:
207:Florida Keys
184:
159:
149:
80:
54:
50:
47:Stilt houses
46:
45:
3862:House types
3643:unchambered
3638:Long barrow
3628:Grave goods
3584:Court cairn
3579:Clava cairn
3531:Bowl barrow
3469:Rock cupule
3412:Golden hats
3405:Hill figure
3306:Unstan ware
3286:Cord-marked
3151:Sweet Track
3073:Burnt mound
2994:Stilt house
2982:Sibudu Cave
2775:Tally stick
2743:Quern-stone
2728:Hammerstone
2718:Fire plough
2689:Pesse canoe
2647:Bannerstone
2617:Other tools
2530:Lithic core
2478:Aurignacian
2366:Bare Island
2248:Quern-stone
1918:Herodotus,
1580:(1): 7–24.
1309:Stiltsville
1075:Philippines
1014:Philippines
972:Switzerland
968:Lake Zurich
788:Philippines
766:Philippines
746:Diaojiaolou
685:. A single
632:and at the
490:regions of
463:Han Chinese
268:The raised
254:Austronesia
152:Amerindians
138:Mississippi
18:Pfahlbauten
3851:Categories
3782:trepanning
3675:Ring cairn
3633:Jar burial
3616:transepted
3548:U.S. sites
3449:Petroglyph
3375:Bird stone
3333:wine press
3006:Stone roof
2989:Roundhouse
2881:long house
2858:Stonehenge
2826:Ceremonial
2770:Stone tool
2597:Tool stone
2567:Metallurgy
2471:Mousterian
2448:Toolmaking
2386:Cumberland
2359:Transverse
2329:Schöningen
2221:Qesem cave
2189:Earth oven
2143:Irrigation
2054:Technology
2022:Prehistory
1837:2022-05-11
1812:2022-05-11
1779:2022-05-11
1754:2022-05-11
1671:Robbeets M
1455:2012-08-01
1430:2017-06-16
1330:References
1053:Washington
986:Rumoh Aceh
883:, e.g., a
881:freshwater
849:Queensland
784:Bahay Kubo
756:Rolf Disch
752:Heliotrope
610:Bronze Age
606:Copper Age
586:Lake Traun
496:chang ghar
478:South Asia
455:pit-houses
297:Micronesia
258:See also:
239:permafrost
211:Lowcountry
180:Gulf Coast
3826:symbolism
3690:Tor cairn
3648:Grønsalen
3589:Cremation
3481:Sculpture
3459:Pictogram
3444:Petroform
3264:amber use
3232:Cosmetics
3042:Reservoir
3027:Check dam
2957:Pueblitos
2952:Pit-house
2935:Longhouse
2869:Dwellings
2738:Microlith
2669:Bow drill
2664:Bone tool
2657:prismatic
2466:Acheulean
2381:Cresswell
2354:Arrowhead
2280:Boomerang
2196:Granaries
2158:Terracing
2037:Stone Age
1921:Histories
1807:0971-751X
1799:The Hindu
1594:145591097
1314:Treehouse
1289:Pit-house
1250:Inle Lake
1159:Venezuela
1136:Venezuela
1038:Indonesia
862:state of
778:Singapore
774:Indonesia
700:Histories
695:Herodotus
640:lakes in
622:Terramare
602:Neolithic
561:, Germany
504:kare okum
502:, and as
381:Prambanan
377:Borobudur
330:granaries
301:Polynesia
278:granaries
193:, and in
191:Nicaragua
160:Palafitos
83:granaries
42:, Myanmar
40:Inle Lake
3464:Rock art
3427:painting
3400:Geoglyph
3225:timeline
3205:Beadwork
2945:Mehrgarh
2940:Mudbrick
2848:megalith
2723:Fire-saw
2545:debitage
2540:analysis
2508:Hand axe
2488:Cupstone
2066:Glossary
2027:Timeline
1958:(1920).
1904:29 March
1870:28 March
1673:(2017).
1552:27 March
1522:: 31–47.
1488:27 March
1402:27 March
1368:27 March
1277:See also
1233:Lagoon,
1231:Arcachon
1216:Maldives
1201:Cambodia
1109:Colombia
1105:palafito
990:Acehnese
904:Maldives
770:Malaysia
734:crannogs
730:Scotland
712:raccards
657:crannogs
638:Attersee
630:Slovenia
608:and the
500:Assamese
319:Chamorro
231:Itelmens
101:Americas
81:Stilted
67:flooding
36:Yawnghwe
34:City of
3821:Symbols
3432:pigment
3318:Weaving
3281:Cardium
3276:Pottery
3271:Mirrors
3259:Jewelry
3200:Baskets
3180:culture
3032:Cistern
2838:Pyramid
2780:Weapons
2758:Scraper
2748:Racloir
2708:Cleaver
2696:Chopper
2602:Uniface
2513:Grooves
2503:Hafting
2461:Oldowan
2420:Systems
2371:Cascade
2334:woomera
2324:harpoon
2297:history
2263:Hunting
2243:Pottery
2184:Cooking
2093:Farming
2059:history
2032:Outline
1254:Myanmar
1151:Curiapo
1090:Germany
1012:of the
1008:of the
1006:torogan
914:Gallery
898:Tourism
839:Motuans
817:Pang uk
803:Chonchi
795:Chilean
705:Paeonia
634:Mondsee
600:In the
545:, Italy
521:in the
468:Kra-Dai
369:friezes
341:of the
168:Orinoco
124:, Chile
87:Malinke
38:in the
3799:flutes
3594:Dolmen
3518:Burial
3328:winery
3301:Linear
3131:Midden
3109:Cursus
3102:Goseck
2962:Pueblo
2913:Dugout
2898:Burdei
2577:Mining
2401:Lamoka
2396:Folsom
2376:Clovis
2233:Metate
2211:Hearth
2179:Basket
2153:Sickle
1895:
1861:
1805:
1726:
1653:
1628:
1592:
1543:
1479:
1393:
1359:
1355:–264.
1319:Venice
1235:France
1182:Greece
952:pātaka
871:valley
829:Tankas
825:Lantau
799:Castro
762:Kelong
680:UNESCO
672:Zürich
647:Early
614:Alpine
604:, the
533:Europe
519:Kerala
508:Mising
441:et al.
434:turtle
422::
414::
361:pātaka
357:pātaka
347:pātaka
339:pātaka
323:haligi
299:, and
243:Arctic
217:Arctic
164:Amazon
118:Castro
95:Guinea
77:Africa
71:vermin
59:stilts
3716:sites
3660:Mummy
3380:Cairn
3296:Jōmon
3247:shoes
3242:Hides
3114:Henge
3068:Broch
2930:Jacal
2785:Wheel
2733:Knife
2679:Canoe
2674:Burin
2652:Blade
2550:flake
2411:Plano
2319:baton
2309:Spear
2275:Arrow
2228:Manos
2081:Tools
1590:S2CID
1132:Zulia
1111:, in
1107:) in
1071:Bajau
949:Māori
908:Assam
887:pond.
885:lotus
864:India
860:Assam
821:Tai O
740:Types
651:like
543:Ledro
492:Assam
439:Arbi
199:bayou
174:that
3809:gudi
3567:Cist
3496:list
3323:Wine
3252:Ötzi
3237:Glue
3210:Beds
3178:and
3176:Arts
3047:Well
2903:Cave
2833:Kiva
2763:side
2753:Rope
2701:tool
2635:bone
2625:Adze
2391:Eden
2304:Nets
2174:Fire
2138:Goad
2123:Celt
1926:5.16
1906:2011
1893:ISBN
1872:2011
1859:ISBN
1803:ISSN
1724:ISBN
1651:ISBN
1626:ISBN
1554:2011
1541:ISBN
1490:2011
1477:ISBN
1404:2011
1391:ISBN
1370:2011
1357:ISBN
906:and
776:and
670:and
636:and
616:and
470:and
429:lit.
424:龜甲房屋
416:龟甲房屋
379:and
270:bale
166:and
142:Iowa
93:and
91:Mali
2918:Hut
2853:row
2684:Oar
2642:Axe
2630:Awl
1697:hdl
1687:doi
1582:doi
1353:263
728:In
666:in
628:in
588:in
584:at
580:In
506:in
498:in
154:in
140:in
53:or
3853::
1964:.
1924:,
1829:.
1801:.
1797:.
1771:.
1746:.
1695:.
1681:.
1677:.
1602:^
1588:.
1578:50
1576:.
1562:^
1520:49
1518:.
1514:.
1498:^
1252:,
1199:,
1180:,
1176:,
1157:,
1153:,
1134:,
1130:,
1055:,
1036:,
1032:,
1004:A
988:,
970:,
910:.
823:,
801:,
772:,
768:,
736:.
725:.
557:,
426:;
418:;
387:.
352:pā
295:,
291:,
213:.
158:.
120:,
97:.
2003:e
1996:t
1989:v
1970:.
1940:.
1908:.
1874:.
1840:.
1815:.
1782:.
1757:.
1732:.
1705:.
1699::
1689::
1683:7
1659:.
1634:.
1596:.
1584::
1556:.
1492:.
1458:.
1433:.
1406:.
1372:.
936:)
873:.
831:.
813:.
790:.
780:.
620:(
410:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
