251:, except that the position is not permanent, having a term of seven years. This limit was introduced by the Strategic Management Initiative of the mid-1990s, when also the title was changed from "Secretary". Irish government departments may also have a "second secretary", which is equivalent to the Second Permanent Secretary grade in the British civil service.
452:, he or she would leave the service for the duration they hold the appointment. In the recent past it has been common for ministry secretaries to be appointed from outside the public service, with some on political grounds at the discretion of the president on the advice of the minister in charge. Major General
263:, a term which is ordinarily translated as "chief executive officer. The official English translation for the government post is "Director General". Directors General of ministries are nominated by the relevant minister and confirmed by the Government, and serve at the pleasure of the ministers above them.
362:. In the Prime Minister's Office there are 2 Permanent Secretaries, assisted by 3 Deputy Permanent Secretaries as well as 4 Assistant Permanent Secretaries. There are at least 147 Assistant Permanent Secretaries, 86 Deputy Permanent Secretaries and 37 Permanent Secretaries in the various Ministries of the
407:
In
Singapore, permanent secretaries have to retire after a ten-year term even if they are younger than the official retirement age of 62. This was introduced in 2000 as part of the Public Service Leadership scheme, to provide opportunities for younger officers from the Administrative Service — the
116:" (state secretary). It is not to be confused with the "parliamentary state secretary", who serves as deputy to a minister, often with a more specialised field of responsibilities. The parliamentary state secretary is always a political position, and not part of the civil service.
374:
In New
Zealand, the civil service head of a ministry is ordinarily entitled "chief executive", although there are still some positions which carry the title of secretary (Secretary of Education, Secretary of Justice, Secretary of Transport). In some cases (such as the
46:
of government departments or ministries, who generally hold their position for a number of years (thus "permanent") at a ministry as distinct from the changing political secretaries of state to whom they report and provide advice. The role originated in the
100:(the Head of Canada's civil service). They are considered to hold equal rank with Parliamentary Secretaries or Assistants – legislators appointed to assist Ministers in their duties – and are entitled to several privileges, including the use of
164:
In India, the equivalent position is called "secretary to the
Government of India" and is the highest-ranking permanent civil servant in a department. With the exception of departments within the
315:. Principal Secretaries serve as the administrative head of a state department within a ministry and are responsible for the department's daily affairs. A Principal Secretary is nominated by the
554:
Cooper, C.A. Politics and the permanency of permanent secretaries: testing the vitality of the
Westminster administrative tradition, 1949–2014. British Politics (2019).
78:
In
Australia, the position is called the "department secretary", “secretary of the department”, or “director-general of the department” in some states and territories.
379:, Ministry for Primary Industries, Department of Conservation, Ministry of Health) the title is "director-general". Organisations with enforcement powers, such as the
387:, are headed by commissioners. The New Zealand Customs Service is headed by the Comptroller of Customs. Civil service heads are officially employed by the
424:, a "Secretary to the Ministry" (also known as Ministry Secretary or simply Secretary) is the administrative head of a ministry and is appointed by the
188:
183:
within their respective ministry, and oversee all day-to-day operations of their departments. Within the civil service, they are outranked only by the
399:
In
Pakistan, the equivalent position is called Federal Secretary and is the highest ranking permanent civil servant in a federal ministry.
92:
In Canada, the senior civil service position is a "deputy minister", who within a government ministry or department is outranked only by a
634:
440:, with a few exceptions such as the permanent secretary to the ministry of justice which would be an officer of the judicial service.
609:
376:
236:
42:
charged with running the department or ministry's day-to-day activities. Permanent secretaries are the non-political civil service
380:
150:
also has a permanent secretary. His ranking is, however, lower than most other permanent secretaries according to the pay scale.
227:). These officers directly report to the minister in their respective ministry or to the respective leader in state bodies.
526:
244:
165:
159:
97:
17:
125:
320:
506:
39:
740:
445:
655:
479:
456:
became the first serving military officer from the regular force to be appointed a ministry secretary in 2020.
248:
48:
35:
240:
173:
147:
139:
448:, changed the title to secretary to the ministry. Traditionally if the appointee is a serving member of the
449:
307:
In Kenya, the equivalent office is called "principal secretary", which is a position established by the
184:
180:
429:
388:
324:
215:), one of the highest-ranking permanent civil servants in a ministry, leads the General Secretariat (
338:
In
Malaysia, a permanent secretary refers to the administrative head of a ministry in the states of
191:
when the latter is granted the rank of
Cabinet Secretary (as has been the case under Prime Minister
690:"John Backhouse and the Origins of the Permanent Undersecretaryship for Foreign Affairs: 1828-1842"
668:
465:
87:
358:, which is a former British colony, there are a number of Permanent Secretaries who report to the
588:
521:
516:
490:
409:
363:
135:
52:
425:
169:
113:
511:
330:
The
Constitution of Kenya grants the President the power to re-assign a Principal Secretary.
308:
93:
441:
437:
73:
27:
Senior civil servant charged with running the ministry or department on a day-to-day basis.
8:
453:
444:
was the first person from the private sector to be appointed as permanent secretary. The
216:
204:
101:
567:
717:
669:"The Permanent Under-Secretary of State: A Brief History of the Office and its Holders"
494:
384:
316:
96:. Federally, deputy ministers are appointed by the Prime Minister on the advice of the
56:
709:
531:
271:
In Italy, the highest civil service official in a ministry or department is either a
701:
43:
172:
officers, all
Secretaries to the Government of India are drawn from cadres of the
536:
483:
433:
391:, further separating them from the politicians who hold ministerial positions.
346:. The administrative head of a federal ministry is called "secretary general".
734:
713:
555:
312:
192:
143:
287:(minister-secretary of state, the head of a ministry or department) or the
138:
until their titles were changed to permanent secretaries in 2002, when
721:
689:
421:
355:
131:
705:
203:
In Indonesia, the equivalent position is called Secretary-General (
283:(under-secretary of state) is a political one and ranks below the
343:
635:"The Machinery of Administration Under Parliamentary Government"
436:
in 1948. Permanent secretaries were commonly appointed from the
299:
The Japanese equivalents are the administrative vice-ministers.
430:
Ceylon (Constitution and Independence) Orders in Council 1947
339:
489:
The role originated in 1830 has been adopted in several
428:. The post of permanent secretary was created under the
493:
countries as well as other countries influenced by the
134:, heads of policy bureaux, secretaries, were filled by
55:
countries as well as other countries influenced by the
319:
from a group of persons recommended by the country's
142:
filled the positions of secretaries under the second
360:Secretary to Cabinet and Head of the Civil Service
189:Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India
291:(deputy-minister), both political posts as well.
732:
666:
112:In Germany, the equivalent office is called "
327:, is appointed to office by the President.
259:In Israel, the equivalent office is called
556:https://doi.org/10.1057/s41293-019-00113-8
279:(director-general), while the position of
687:
377:New Zealand Security Intelligence Service
239:, the position of Secretary General of a
237:Civil service of the Republic of Ireland
14:
733:
632:
160:Secretary to the Government of India
482:of a government department in the
323:and upon approval by the country's
146:government. Since August 2005, the
49:civil service of the United Kingdom
24:
476:permanent under-secretary of state
432:when Ceylon gained self-rule from
243:is almost identical to that of a
179:These officers directly report to
126:Administrative Officer (Hong Kong)
25:
752:
589:"Administrative Cadre Staff List"
459:
51:and has been adopted in several
610:"List of Permanent Secretaries"
446:Sri Lankan Constitution of 1972
688:Middleton, Charles R. (1974).
681:
667:FCDO Historians (2002-04-01).
660:
649:
626:
602:
581:
560:
548:
369:
311:as an office in the country's
13:
1:
656:Secretaries to the Ministries
542:
174:Indian Administrative Service
148:Office of the Chief Executive
415:
402:
349:
285:ministro segretario di stato
198:
166:Ministry of External Affairs
119:
67:
7:
500:
394:
333:
10:
757:
694:Journal of British Studies
474:, or, in some departments
463:
230:
185:Cabinet Secretary of India
157:
123:
107:
85:
71:
62:
615:. Government of Mauritius
591:. Government of Mauritius
570:. Government of Mauritius
389:State Services Commission
381:Inland Revenue Department
321:Public Service Commission
275:(secretary-general) or a
254:
81:
466:Permanent secretary (UK)
412:— to rise up the ranks.
302:
294:
281:sottosegretario di stato
266:
153:
98:Secretary to the Cabinet
88:Deputy minister (Canada)
522:Parliamentary secretary
517:Parliamentary assistant
364:Government of Mauritius
354:On the island state of
741:Government occupations
633:De Silva, Leelananda.
426:President of Sri Lanka
220:
208:
181:Ministers of the Union
170:Indian Foreign Service
168:, which are headed by
512:Minister (government)
478:, is the most senior
309:Constitution of Kenya
94:Minister of the Crown
442:Anandatissa de Alwis
438:Ceylon Civil Service
221:Sekretariat Jenderal
140:political appointees
102:diplomatic passports
74:Department secretary
527:Principal Secretary
472:permanent secretary
454:Sanjeewa Munasinghe
273:segretario generale
245:Permanent Secretary
241:Department of State
209:Sekretaris Jenderal
38:of a department or
34:is the most senior
32:permanent secretary
18:Permanent Secretary
568:"Key Staff of PMO"
495:Westminster system
385:New Zealand Police
317:President of Kenya
277:direttore generale
57:Westminster system
532:Private secretary
408:elite arm of the
325:National Assembly
16:(Redirected from
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726:
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507:Chief secretary
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28:
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706:10.1086/385657
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537:Undersecretary
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484:United Kingdom
464:Main article:
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211:, abbreviated
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158:Main article:
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136:civil servants
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114:Staatssekretär
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86:Main article:
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193:Narendra Modi
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19:
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672:. Retrieved
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639:. Retrieved
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617:. Retrieved
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593:. Retrieved
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572:. Retrieved
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370:New Zealand
674:2023-09-05
619:2020-09-01
595:2021-07-23
574:2021-07-24
543:References
470:The title
217:Indonesian
205:Indonesian
124:See also:
714:0021-9371
641:2 October
422:Sri Lanka
416:Sri Lanka
403:Singapore
356:Mauritius
350:Mauritius
261:×ž× ×”×ś כללי
199:Indonesia
132:Hong Kong
120:Hong Kong
68:Australia
735:Category
637:. Island
501:See also
395:Pakistan
383:and the
334:Malaysia
40:ministry
434:Britain
344:Sarawak
235:In the
231:Ireland
187:or the
108:Germany
63:Country
722:175086
720:
712:
255:Israel
225:Setjen
213:Sekjen
82:Canada
718:JSTOR
613:(PDF)
340:Sabah
303:Kenya
295:Japan
267:Italy
154:India
710:ISSN
643:2019
342:and
702:doi
420:In
195:).
130:In
59:.
737::
716:.
708:.
698:13
696:.
692:.
497:.
486:.
366:.
219::
207::
176:.
104:.
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724:.
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20:)
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