856:
42:
106:, is a manuscript document that lists the ports and coastal landmarks, in order and with approximate intervening distances, that the captain of a vessel could expect to find along a shore. In that sense, the periplus was a type of log and served the same purpose as the later Roman
398:
claims that
Hippalus, a mariner, was knowledgeable about the "monsoon winds" that shorten the round-trip from India to the Red Sea. Also according to the manuscript, the Horn of Africa was called, "
168:: the ancient Greek speaker understood the word in its literal sense; however, it developed a few specialized meanings, one of which became a standard term in the ancient navigation of
110:
of road stops. However, the Greek navigators added various notes, which, if they were professional geographers, as many were, became part of their own additions to Greek geography.
298:, by anonymous Greek navigators of Massalia (now Marseille, France), possibly dates to the sixth century BCE, also preserved in Avienius
838:
804:
308:(Περί του Ωκεανού), has not survived; only excerpts remain, quoted or paraphrased by later authors, including Strabo,
903:
771:
552:
525:
495:
878:
370:
888:
567:
220:
572:
893:
165:
47:
321:
17:
464:
The lost but much-cited sailing directions go back at least to the 12th century. Some described the
830:
581:
468:
as "a hard sea to get out of" and warned of the "circumambient sea," with all return impossible.
428:, it was written by an anonymous author and is dated to the second half of the third century AD.
424:
796:
542:
407:
383:
205:
118:
8:
883:
333:
301:
290:
224:
760:
258:
834:
800:
767:
548:
521:
35:
792:
787:
Briant, Pierre; Kuhrt, Amélie (2015-07-06), "Persian Wars: the
Persian viewpoint",
309:
70:
860:
598:
515:
295:
209:
386:. Beyond the Red Sea, the manuscript describes the coast of India as far as the
455:
447:
898:
872:
347:
145:
56:
461:
They listed the ports and coastal landmarks and distances along the shores.
602:
465:
387:
332:
surveyed the area between the Indus and the
Persian Gulf under orders from
177:
262:
169:
107:
855:
595:
The
Periplus of Hanno a voyage of discovery down the west African coast
375:
126:
822:
544:
Josephus
Geographicus: The Classical Context of Geography in Josephus
486:
would outflank or encircle the defenders to attack them in the rear.
412:
278:
274:
122:
482:
329:
270:
228:
213:
41:
762:
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in the first century CE. It provides a shoreline itinerary of the
325:, generally is thought to date to the fourth or third century BCE.
30:
This article is about a type of historic document. For the modern
399:
379:
358:
351:
240:
236:
402:," and modern day Yemen was known as the "Frankincense Country."
577:
439:
416:
391:
374:
or Red Sea was written by a Greek of the
Hellenistic/Romanized
337:
282:
232:
173:
117:
is at least as old as the earliest Greek historian, the Ionian
52:
79:
362:
442:
sailors had long had their own sailing guide books, called
266:
91:
82:
411:, a description of trade routes along the coasts of the
480:
was also an ancient naval maneuver in which attacking
277:, and his periplus is quoted by Hecataeus of Miletus,
94:
294:, a description of trade routes along the coasts of
88:
85:
76:
520:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 21.
419:(in Greek Αρριανός) in the early second century CE.
129:contain passages that appear to have been based on
73:
759:
757:
724:
712:
700:
870:
231:colonist and explorer who explored the coast of
156:), which is "a sailing-around." Both segments,
350:. Fragments preserved in Diodorus Siculus and
27:Manuscript listing ports and coastal landmarks
743:Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar; Moʻin, Mohammad (1958).
742:
786:
747:. Tehran: Tehran University Press: Rahnāma.
261:, in Caria, who allegedly sailed down the
471:
789:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics
40:
797:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.4890
14:
871:
540:
390:and the east coast of Africa (called
513:
312:, Pliny the Elder and in Avienius'
821:
730:
718:
706:
59:and Nicolaus Episcopius, Basel 1533
24:
758:Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe (2001).
243:in the sixth or fifth century BCE.
25:
915:
848:
597:. Translated by Schoff, H. 1912.
336:. He was a source for Strabo and
854:
496:List of Graeco-Roman geographers
365:is dated to around 110 BCE.
183:
69:
815:
780:
751:
736:
687:
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208:, parts which are preserved in
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827:The Silk Road in World History
661:
648:
635:
622:
609:
587:
561:
534:
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396:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
371:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
273:. This voyage is mentioned by
13:
1:
859:The dictionary definition of
501:
394:). The unknown author of the
239:southward at least as far as
48:Periplous tou Euxeinou Pontou
547:. Mohr Siebeck. p. 40.
195:that are known to scholars:
152:, contracted from περίπλοος
136:
7:
791:, Oxford University Press,
573:Oxford Classical Dictionary
489:
432:
144:is the Latinization of the
10:
920:
517:A Source Book in Geography
382:, starting at the port of
29:
322:Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax
32:Periplus Publishing Group
904:Nautical reference works
766:. New York: Free Press.
247:
831:Oxford University Press
745:Loghat-namehʻi Dehkhoda
582:Oxford University Press
304:, (fourth century BCE)
541:Shahar, Yuval (2004).
472:Tactic of naval combat
425:Stadiasmus Maris Magni
60:
879:History of navigation
514:Kish, George (1978).
408:Periplus Ponti Euxini
269:on the initiative of
206:Himilco the Navigator
164:, were independently
44:
889:Classical literature
380:Red (Erythraean) Sea
191:Several examples of
119:Hecataeus of Miletus
680:"Agatharchides" in
334:Alexander the Great
302:Pytheas of Massilia
291:Massaliote Periplus
225:Hanno the Navigator
53:Arrian of Nicomedia
400:the Cape of Spices
259:Scylax of Caryanda
61:
894:Roman itineraries
840:978-0-195-33810-2
806:978-0-19-938113-5
235:from present-day
45:Beginning of the
36:Tuttle Publishing
16:(Redirected from
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584:1999 p. 707
568:Nicholas Purcell
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357:The Periplus of
328:The Periplus of
310:Diodorus Siculus
204:The Periplus of
148:word περίπλους (
113:The form of the
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340:, among others.
296:Atlantic Europe
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210:Pliny the Elder
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189:
139:
121:. The works of
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23:
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849:External links
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667:"Periploi" in
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628:"Periploi" in
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733:, p. 37.
732:
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693:"Scymnus" in
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664:
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641:"Pytheas" in
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570:"Himilco" in
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348:Agatharchides
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257:of the Greek
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829:. New York:
826:
816:Bibliography
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671:p. 1141
668:
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658:p. 1374
655:
654:"Scylax" in
650:
645:p. 1285
642:
637:
632:p. 1141
629:
624:
619:p. 1374
616:
615:"Scylax" in
611:
594:
589:
571:
563:
543:
536:
516:
509:
481:
477:
475:
466:Indian Ocean
463:
460:
451:
443:
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423:
406:
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388:Ganges River
369:
343:
320:
314:Ora maritima
313:
306:On the Ocean
305:
289:
265:and then to
254:
229:Carthaginian
199:Carthaginian
192:
190:
185:
161:
157:
153:
149:
141:
140:
130:
114:
112:
103:
64:
62:
46:
31:
376:Alexandrian
263:Indus River
170:Phoenicians
108:itinerarium
884:Peripluses
873:Categories
823:Liu, Xinru
684:p. 36
502:References
454:رهنامه in
166:productive
127:Thucydides
576:3rd. ed.
413:Black Sea
279:Aristotle
275:Herodotus
154:periploos
150:periplous
137:Etymology
123:Herodotus
104:periplous
18:Periplous
862:periplus
825:(2010).
731:Liu 2010
719:Liu 2010
707:Liu 2010
603:6541953M
490:See also
483:triremes
478:periplus
452:Rahnāmeh
444:Rahnāmag
434:Rahnāmag
384:Berenice
330:Nearchus
271:Darius I
255:Periplus
221:Periplus
214:Avienius
142:Periplus
115:periplus
65:periplus
440:Persian
359:Scymnus
352:Photius
241:Senegal
237:Morocco
193:peripli
186:peripli
131:peripli
837:
803:
770:
601:
578:Oxford
551:
524:
417:Arrian
392:Azania
338:Arrian
283:Strabo
233:Africa
184:Known
178:Romans
176:, and
174:Greeks
162:-plous
102:), or
34:, see
363:Chios
248:Greek
158:peri-
146:Greek
899:Maps
835:ISBN
801:ISBN
768:ISBN
549:ISBN
522:ISBN
422:The
405:The
368:The
319:The
288:The
267:Suez
253:The
219:The
212:and
160:and
125:and
793:doi
695:OCD
682:OCD
669:OCD
656:OCD
643:OCD
630:OCD
617:OCD
458:).
446:in
361:of
346:by
223:of
51:by
875::
833:.
799:,
599:OL
580:;
476:A
281:,
227:,
180:.
172:,
133:.
80:ɛr
63:A
55:,
843:.
795::
776:.
605:.
557:.
530:.
450:(
354:.
316:.
216:.
98:/
95:s
92:ʌ
89:l
86:p
83:ɪ
77:p
74:ˈ
71:/
67:(
38:.
20:)
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