20:
1997:
1987:
1977:
68:", and referred to a type of apple having a large pear-like shape. Hogg believed that the variety 'Winter Pearmain' was both "the original of all the Pearmains" and the oldest recorded variety of apple in England, with evidence it was cultivated in
127:, Weekley noted that 17th-century references to a "pompire" or "pyramalum" (i.e. an "apple-pear") suggested that the original 'Pearmain' apple was named for some quality associated with the pearmain pear; i.e. hardness and long keeping ability.
42:. The name may once have been applied to a particular variety of apple that kept well, although in more modern times its inclusion in varietal names was, like the term 'Pippin', "largely decoration" rather than indicating any shared qualities.
351:
There have been many efforts to identify the original 'Pearmain' apple, of supposedly mediaeval origin. Hogg suggested the 'Winter
Pearmain' to be the original, and synonymous with the 'Old Pearmain', though S. A. Beach, in his work
356:, noted that "several different varieties" had been propagated in America and England under the name 'Winter Pearmain' and that in many descriptions "it is impossible to determine which Winter Pearmain the writer had in mind".
359:
By contrast, Hogg believed the apple identified in some catalogues of the time as 'Old
Pearmain' to in fact be a variety called 'Royal Pearmain'. Hogg later claimed to have identified the "true Old Pearmain" growing in the
75:
Other sources suggest that the name "pearmain" was in fact originally used for a type of pear, and was first applied to apples only during the 16th century. It has been suggested the word was derived from
206:
135:
Shape: C = Conical, Ob = Oblong, Ov = Ovate, R = Round, COb = Conical oblong, ROv = Roundish ovate, ROb = Roundish oblate, ObOv = Oblongovate
220:
1932:
1955:
1894:
588:
888:
123:"to endure", and referred to the long keeping qualities of some varieties. Rejecting the etymology from
1922:
2000:
1441:
365:
2021:
1990:
1128:
978:
608:
57:
1960:
1559:
1138:
833:
1268:
1258:
1143:
1098:
993:
973:
893:
868:
317:
45:
The original 'Pearmain' variety has not been conclusively identified and may now be extinct.
1947:
1702:
1614:
1574:
1048:
838:
632:
581:
8:
1737:
1624:
1103:
903:
813:
718:
1888:
1536:
1516:
1388:
1348:
1208:
1118:
1113:
928:
918:
723:
261:
853:
1828:
1792:
1531:
1486:
1451:
1303:
883:
873:
798:
763:
171:
19:
1900:
1682:
1674:
1659:
1629:
1609:
1526:
1426:
1193:
1153:
1073:
1018:
988:
953:
828:
818:
808:
788:
758:
753:
693:
688:
668:
500:
1980:
1787:
1692:
1664:
1644:
1584:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1431:
1383:
1373:
1313:
1298:
1163:
1123:
1088:
1083:
958:
948:
898:
738:
683:
639:
574:
108:, also suggests the term was originally applied to pears, but that it came from
24:
1905:
1762:
1619:
1506:
1471:
1338:
1333:
1318:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1263:
1223:
1178:
1173:
1023:
943:
913:
878:
858:
803:
768:
748:
743:
713:
708:
658:
144:
109:
105:
95:
243:
Scarlet
Pearmain(syn. Bell's Scarlet Pearmain Hood's Seedling, Oxford Peach) C
2015:
1883:
1868:
1782:
1772:
1767:
1599:
1564:
1501:
1436:
1413:
1398:
1368:
1363:
1308:
1253:
1248:
1228:
1168:
1158:
1108:
1093:
1078:
1013:
783:
673:
1942:
1727:
1717:
1604:
1589:
1511:
1496:
1481:
1476:
1403:
1393:
1243:
1183:
1148:
1133:
1058:
1053:
1043:
1003:
968:
963:
923:
823:
733:
728:
698:
194:
Hubbard's
Pearmain (syn. Russet Pearmain, Golden Vining, Hammon's Permain)
1823:
1818:
1777:
1757:
1747:
1742:
1554:
1546:
1288:
1238:
1233:
1218:
1008:
983:
933:
848:
793:
650:
102:
1873:
1732:
1722:
1521:
1491:
1353:
1328:
1323:
1293:
1028:
843:
678:
77:
54:
53:
There has been some debate over the origin of the name "pearmain". The
1878:
1843:
1813:
1752:
1639:
1446:
1421:
1358:
1343:
1203:
1198:
1033:
938:
863:
372:, but is probably neither Hogg's variety nor the ancient 'Pearmain'.
1937:
1833:
1687:
1654:
1634:
1594:
1579:
1569:
1068:
998:
773:
234:
Royal
Pearmain (syn. Herefordshire Pearmain, Hertfodshire Pearmain)
1848:
1378:
1063:
703:
663:
69:
390:
A Gardener's
Handbook of Plant Names: Their Meanings and Origins
274:
Barcelona
Pearmain (syn. Speckled Pearmain, Polinia Pearmain) Ov
1797:
1213:
1188:
1038:
908:
369:
361:
28:
1911:
1838:
1649:
778:
624:
597:
91:
84:
39:
1927:
346:
65:
191:
Hormead
Pearmain (syn. Arundel Pearmain, Hormead Pippin) R
566:
284:
American Summer
Pearmain (syn. Early Summer Pearmain) R
424:
The Diner's
Dictionary: Word Origins of Food and Drink
60:
suggested that it originated in mediaeval times from
225:
Oxnead Pearmain (syn. Earl of Yarmouth's Pearmain) C
23:
A specimen of 'White Winter Pearmain', collected in
185:
Golden Winter Pearmain (syn. King of the Pippins) C
2013:
38:, also formerly spelled "permain", is a type of
582:
101:The third and most likely derivation, by the
1933:PRI disease resistant apple breeding program
437:An etymological dictionary of modern English
179:Foulden Pearmain (syn. Horrex's Pearmain) Ov
182:Golden Pearmain (syn. Ruckman's Pearmain) C
589:
575:
429:
368:was received in 1924 from a Mr. Kelsey in
550:
418:
416:
402:
400:
398:
364:area. The current 'Old Pearmain' in the
246:Summer Pearmain, (syn. Autumn Pearmain) C
515:
442:
347:Present status of 'Old Pearmain' variety
48:
18:
537:
528:
255:Wickham's Pearmain (syn. Week Pearmain)
188:Grange's Pearmain (syn. Granges Pippin)
130:
2014:
413:
395:
382:
570:
279:Pearmain apple cultivars from America
139:Pearmain apple cultivars from England
1895:Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae
13:
14:
2033:
488:Fruits and Fruit-Trees of America
94:", though the latter is probably
1996:
1995:
1986:
1985:
1976:
1975:
328:Pearmain cultivars from Germany
493:
480:
468:
455:
1:
1956:Countries by apple production
375:
83:and possibly ultimately from
410:, London: Groombridge, p.209
7:
556:Morgan and Richards (2002)
10:
2038:
596:
342:Strawalds Neue Goldparmäne
339:Schwarzenbachs Parmäne COb
240:Russet Table Pearmain ObOv
119:, derived from Old French
1971:
1861:
1806:
1710:
1701:
1673:
1545:
1412:
649:
617:
604:
366:National Fruit Collection
450:Words Ancient and Modern
302:Large Striped Pearmain R
979:Geheimrat Dr. Oldenburg
849:Cripps Pink (Pink Lady)
609:List of apple cultivars
1442:Calville Blanc d'hiver
558:The New Book of Apples
523:The Apples of New York
305:Long Island Peamain Ob
252:Vale Mascal Pearmain R
217:Mickleham Pearmain ROv
31:
1269:Rhode Island Greening
1189:Sciros (Pacific Rose)
1099:Karmijn de Sonnaville
869:Devonshire Quarrenden
501:"Blue Pearmain apple"
318:White Winter Pearmain
214:Mannington's Pearmain
200:King Charles Pearmain
147:(syn. Norfolk Pippin)
49:Etymology and history
22:
1948:US Apple Association
889:Duchess of Oldenburg
633:Malus niedzwetzkyana
521:Beach, S. A. (1905)
388:Smith, A. W. (1963)
249:Tibbett's Pearmain C
231:Ribston Pearmain ROb
159:Benwell's Pearmain C
156:Baxters Pearmain ROv
131:'Pearmain' cultivars
1738:Apple cider vinegar
1104:King of the Pippins
834:Cox's Orange Pippin
814:Cornish Gilliflower
308:Red Winter Pearmain
269:Of uncertain origin
203:Lamb Abbey Pearmain
150:Augustus Pearmain C
1889:Fruit tree pruning
1517:Reinette du Canada
1389:Worcester Pearmain
1144:Lucombe's Seedling
1129:Liveland Raspberry
974:Gascoyne's Scarlet
929:Esopus Spitzenburg
894:Dumelow's Seedling
724:Aurora Golden Gala
534:Hogg (1851), p.175
354:Apples of New York
293:Clark's Pearmain C
262:Worcester Pearmain
258:Winter Pearmain C
237:Rushock Pearmain C
228:Parrys Pearmain Ov
176:Federal Pearmain R
168:Christmas Pearmain
153:Balchin's Pearmain
32:
2009:
2008:
1857:
1856:
1793:Jewish apple cake
1532:White Transparent
1452:Chelmsford Wonder
799:Claygate Pearmain
476:American Pomology
452:, J. Murray, p.82
333:Henzens Parmäne C
323:Winthrop Pearmain
290:Canon Peramain Ob
207:Laxton's Pearmain
197:Kilkenny Pearmain
172:Claygate Pearmain
165:Cherry Pearmain R
2029:
1999:
1998:
1989:
1988:
1979:
1978:
1901:Johnny Appleseed
1708:
1707:
1675:Ornamental apple
989:Golden Delicious
904:Ellison's Orange
829:Court Pendu Plat
809:Cornish Aromatic
754:Belle de Boskoop
719:Ashmead's Kernel
689:Allington Pippin
669:Airlie Red Flesh
591:
584:
577:
568:
567:
561:
554:
548:
545:The Fruit Manual
541:
535:
532:
526:
519:
513:
512:
510:
508:
497:
491:
484:
478:
472:
466:
463:The Fruit Manual
459:
453:
446:
440:
433:
427:
420:
411:
408:British Pomology
406:Hogg, R. (1851)
404:
393:
386:
336:Maibiers Parmäne
296:Cluster Pearmain
162:Bristol Pearmain
2037:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2022:Apple cultivars
2012:
2011:
2010:
2005:
1967:
1853:
1802:
1788:Himmel und Erde
1697:
1693:Wijcik McIntosh
1669:
1665:Yarlington Mill
1645:Slack-ma-Girdle
1541:
1467:Crimson Bramley
1432:Blenheim Orange
1408:
1119:Laxton's Superb
899:Egremont Russet
854:Delbard Jubilée
645:
640:Malus sieversii
626:Malus domestica
613:
600:
595:
565:
564:
555:
551:
542:
538:
533:
529:
520:
516:
506:
504:
503:. Orange Pippin
499:
498:
494:
485:
481:
473:
469:
460:
456:
448:Weekley (1926)
447:
443:
435:Weekley (1921)
434:
430:
421:
414:
405:
396:
387:
383:
378:
349:
311:Russet Pearmain
211:London Pearmain
133:
51:
25:Umatilla County
17:
12:
11:
5:
2035:
2025:
2024:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1993:
1983:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1961:Apple diseases
1958:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1908:
1906:Malling series
1903:
1898:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1763:Apple seed oil
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1714:
1712:
1705:
1703:Apple products
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1620:Kingston Black
1617:
1615:Harrison Cider
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1560:Cap of Liberty
1557:
1551:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1507:Norfolk Biffin
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1472:Flower of Kent
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1414:Cooking apples
1410:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1319:Sturmer Pippin
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1279:Roxbury Russet
1276:
1274:Ribston Pippin
1271:
1266:
1264:Redlove apples
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1174:Newtown Pippin
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1139:Lord Lambourne
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
879:Dorsett Golden
876:
871:
866:
861:
859:Delbarestivale
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
794:Civni (Rubens)
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
769:Birgit Bonnier
766:
761:
756:
751:
749:Beauty of Bath
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
714:Arkansas Black
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
659:Adams Pearmain
655:
653:
647:
646:
644:
643:
636:
629:
621:
619:
615:
614:
612:
611:
605:
602:
601:
594:
593:
586:
579:
571:
563:
562:
560:, Ebury, p.248
549:
536:
527:
514:
492:
479:
467:
454:
441:
428:
412:
394:
380:
379:
377:
374:
348:
345:
344:
343:
340:
337:
334:
325:
324:
321:
315:
314:Sweet Pearmain
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
299:Dan Pearmain R
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
276:
275:
266:
265:
259:
256:
253:
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
226:
223:
218:
215:
212:
209:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
169:
166:
163:
160:
157:
154:
151:
148:
145:Adams Pearmain
132:
129:
110:Middle English
106:Ernest Weekley
96:folk etymology
50:
47:
16:Apple cultivar
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2034:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2002:
1994:
1992:
1984:
1982:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1884:Arctic Apples
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1869:Apple picking
1867:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1783:Caramel apple
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1768:Apple strudel
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1600:Golden Russet
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1565:Chisel Jersey
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1502:Newton Wonder
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1399:York Imperial
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1364:Tompkins King
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1309:Star of Devon
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1259:Red Pineapple
1257:
1255:
1254:Red Delicious
1252:
1250:
1249:Red Astrachan
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1194:Pam's Delight
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1109:Knobby Russet
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
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1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1014:Grimes Golden
1012:
1010:
1007:
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1000:
997:
995:
994:Golden Orange
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
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977:
975:
972:
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967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
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947:
945:
942:
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935:
932:
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927:
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922:
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837:
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827:
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569:
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531:
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496:
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477:
471:
464:
461:Robert Hogg,
458:
451:
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385:
381:
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341:
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331:
330:
329:
322:
319:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
289:
287:Blue Pearmain
286:
283:
282:
281:
280:
273:
272:
271:
270:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
248:
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107:
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86:
82:
79:
73:
71:
67:
63:
59:
56:
46:
43:
41:
37:
30:
26:
21:
1917:
1910:
1893:
1728:Apple cheese
1718:Apple butter
1605:Golden Spire
1590:Ellis Bitter
1575:Crimson King
1547:Cider apples
1512:Northern Spy
1497:Manks Codlin
1482:Granny Smith
1477:Golden Noble
1394:Wyken Pippin
1059:Jersey Black
1049:James Grieve
1044:Ingrid Marie
1004:Granny Smith
839:Crimson Gold
824:Cosmic Crisp
734:Autumn Glory
729:Autumn Bough
651:Table apples
638:
631:
625:
557:
552:
544:
543:Hogg (1884)
539:
530:
522:
517:
505:. Retrieved
495:
487:
482:
475:
470:
462:
457:
449:
444:
439:, v2, p.1057
436:
431:
426:, OUP, p.400
423:
422:Ayto (2012)
407:
389:
384:
358:
353:
350:
327:
326:
278:
277:
268:
267:
221:Old Pearmain
138:
137:
134:
124:
120:
116:
112:
100:
87:
80:
74:
62:pyrus magnus
61:
52:
44:
35:
33:
1923:Pollination
1862:Agriculture
1824:Apple juice
1819:Apple cider
1778:Candy apple
1773:Baked apple
1758:Apple sauce
1748:Apple flour
1743:Apple crisp
1555:Brown Snout
1234:Ralls Janet
1009:Gravenstein
984:Ginger Gold
525:, v2, p.379
103:philologist
72:in c.1200.
58:Robert Hogg
2001:Production
1874:Apple scab
1733:Apple chip
1723:Apple cake
1537:Wolf River
1527:Upton Pyne
1492:King Byerd
1354:Tartu Rose
1349:Taliaferro
1324:Summerfree
1294:Sekai Ichi
1209:Pink Pearl
1114:Lady Alice
1029:Honeycrisp
919:Enterprise
844:Cripps Red
759:Bellflower
376:References
121:parmaindre
78:Old French
55:pomologist
1991:Cultivars
1943:Russeting
1879:Applecrab
1844:Ice cider
1829:Applejack
1814:Apfelwein
1753:Apple pie
1640:Redstreak
1487:Grenadier
1447:Campanino
1422:Antonovka
1359:Tentation
1344:SweeTango
1329:Sundowner
1304:Splendour
1204:Paula Red
1199:Papirovka
1034:Honeygold
939:EverCrisp
884:Dougherty
874:Discovery
864:Delrouval
764:Ben Davis
486:Downing,
125:parmensia
88:parmensia
64:, "great
2016:Category
1938:Reinette
1918:Pearmain
1834:Calvados
1688:Goldspur
1683:Flamenco
1660:Woodcock
1655:Tom Putt
1635:Poveshon
1630:Michelin
1610:Hangdown
1595:Foxwhelp
1580:Dabinett
1570:Coccagee
1427:Bismarck
1224:Pristine
1154:McIntosh
1074:Jonathan
1069:Jonagold
1019:Haralson
999:Goldspur
954:Flamenco
819:Cortland
789:Champion
774:Braeburn
694:Ambrosia
474:Warder,
81:pearmain
36:pearmain
1849:Pommeau
1585:Dufflin
1462:Creston
1457:Costard
1437:Bramley
1384:Winston
1379:Winesap
1374:Wealthy
1314:Stayman
1299:Spartan
1164:Melrose
1124:Liberty
1089:Jupiter
1084:Julieta
1079:Jubilee
1064:Jonadel
959:Florina
949:Filippa
739:Baldwin
704:Annurca
684:Alkmene
664:Aia Ilu
618:Species
547:, p.169
507:19 June
117:permain
113:parmain
70:Norfolk
1981:Apples
1952:Lists
1798:Pectin
1404:Zestar
1339:Suntan
1334:Sunset
1284:Sandow
1214:Pinova
1179:Nicola
1149:Macoun
1039:Idared
1024:Hokuto
944:Fiesta
914:Empire
909:Elstar
804:Clivia
744:Beacon
709:Ariane
598:Apples
490:, 1885
465:, 1875
392:, p.40
370:Surrey
362:Dymock
29:Oregon
1912:Malus
1839:Cider
1807:Drink
1650:Styre
1625:Major
1369:Topaz
1289:Sansa
1239:Rambo
1229:Rajka
1219:Prima
1169:Mutsu
1159:Melba
1094:Kanzi
784:Cameo
779:Brina
679:Åkerö
674:Akane
92:Parma
85:Latin
40:apple
1928:Pome
1711:Food
1522:Rome
1244:Rave
1184:Opal
1134:Lodi
1054:Jazz
969:Gala
964:Fuji
924:Envy
699:Anna
509:2015
90:"of
66:pear
934:Eva
2018::
415:^
397:^
115:,
98:.
34:A
27:,
590:e
583:t
576:v
511:.
320:C
264:C
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