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219:(SMC) medical staff. Some demonstrators obstructed traffic in the roundabout overpass. By nightfall, the number of demonstrators had reached several thousand. The roundabout and its immediate vicinity were congested with protesters and private vehicles. Police in the area neither engaged the demonstrators nor did they attempt to disperse them. King Hamad had ordered that members of the procession be allowed to occupy the Pearl Roundabout to express their sadness.
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went on
Bahrain state television and demanded calm of all parties. The following day, he ordered the military tanks to leave the Pearl Monument and protesters were allowed to occupy the area peacefully and were guaranteed by the Crown Prince that they would be able to demonstrate without any further
246:
tanks occupied Pearl
Roundabout to stop demonstrators from occupying the area. Some demonstrators who stayed close to Salmaniya Hospital, where injured demonstrators were being assisted, tried to retake Pearl Roundabout and headed towards the rarea. Demonstrators were shot by forces camping at the
160:
Barely thirty years later, on the morning of 18 March 2011, the government tore down the Pearl
Monument, announcing on state broadcaster BTV that the monument had been "violated" and "desecrated" by the "vile" anti-government protests, and had to be "cleansed". In the government's haste, a migrant
230:
Soon after the police crackdown on demonstrators, Bahraini police official Al-Hassan appeared on national television to explain the previous night's events. Al-Hassan argued that demonstrators were warned beforehand and that they refused to leave the area. He also added that demonstrators were
215:, more people joined the demonstrators and moved towards the Pearl Roundabout, where they arrived at around 15:00. By 15:15, demonstrators began to set up tents there, and later in the day a projector screen was installed. There was also a tent erected by members of the
222:
On 17 February 2011, while demonstrators were spending the night at the Pearl
Roundabout, police forces entered the location at 3:00 in an attempt to disperse the protesters. The crackdown led to many injuries as well as the death of at least four civilians (See
275:
After demolishing the Pearl
Monument, the government announced that the roundabout would be replaced with traffic lights, possibly to ease congestion in the financial district. The government changed the name of the site to Al Farooq Junction, a reference to
287:
On 25 February 2015, the public was restricted from accessing Al Farooq
Junction. The area was sealed off by security forces since protesters were cleared from the Pearl Roundabout on 16 March 2011. On 14 June 2017, the junction was opened to the public.
280:, a historical figure revered by Sunni Muslims as the second Caliph, but hated by Shi'a, who believe him to be the killer of Muhammad's daughter and Ali's wife Fatima. The name of Al Farooq was given to the junction as well as the military operation by
854:
123:
at the top. The six sails designated the Gulf
Cooperation Council's six member nations, while the pearl symbolized their united heritage and the country's famous history of pearl cultivation. At the base of the monument was a
99:
The roundabout served originally as a major traffic intersection for routes into the capital city, although it is now bypassed by a flyover and junction complex built as part of
Bahrain's 2030 modernization plan.
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259:, two days before the Pearl Monument was demolished. An expatriate crane operator was crushed to death during the demolition by a piece of the monument which fell onto his crane cabin.
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1995:
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reportedly asked banks to exchange their half-dinar coins for half-dinar banknotes after the Pearl
Monument was destroyed. The coin is no longer minted or distributed by the
88:(Pearl Towers) apartment complex, which is named after the Pearl Monument. Also near the destroyed roundabout are some of the city's major remaining landmarks, including the
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The roundabout was located in the heart of the capital Manama and was surrounded by the
Bahrain Central Market, Marina, Pearl and City Center Roundabout as well the
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attacks. On 16 March, however, the protesters' camp in the roundabout was evacuated, bulldozed, and set on fire by the Bahraini Defense Force, riot police, and
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monument that previously stood on the site and was destroyed on 18 March 2011 by government forces as part of a crackdown on protesters during the
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of Bahrain to prepare a report on the events on February and March saw no evidence to suggest that protesters at the roundabout were armed.
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The Pearl Roundabout was the site of demonstrations during 2011, which began in February. It has been compared by the protesters to Cairo's
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The Pearl Monument previously stood in the center of the circle, having been erected in 1982 on the occasion of the third summit of the
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On the morning of 18 March 2011, the government tore down the Pearl Monument, the rallying point for anti-government protests.
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898:"السلطات البحرينية تزيل نصب دوار اللؤلؤة الذي شهد اعتصاماً تاريخياً | محليات - صحيفة الوسط البحرينية - مملكة البحرين"
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May Ying Welsh, moment of demolition was censored on state television in order to hide the man's death.
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573:""Shouting in the Dark": Film Chronicles Bahrain's Pro-Democracy Uprising Against U.S.-Backed Rule"
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720:"الداخلية البحرينية تعلن العثور على ذخيرة حية وسيوف وسكاكين واعلام لحزب الله في خيم المتجمهرين"
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crane worker was crushed to death by a falling cement arch. As per the credited filmmaker of
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107:, which was hosted by Bahrain for the first time in Manama on 9-11 November of that year.
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Circular traffic intersection in Manama, Bahrain; destroyed during the 2011 uprising
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Protesters camped out in front of the Pearl Roundabout days before it was torn down
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984:"Al Farooq Junction set to open today | THE DAILY TRIBUNE | KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN"
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Army checkpoints still surround the area where Pearl Roundabout was located
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791:"Bahrain capital calm before talks - The Irish Times - Sun, Feb 20, 2011"
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jets. The Pearl Monument was featured on the face of the Bahraini half-
53:
944:
316:
125:
840:
342:"السلطات البحرينية تزيل نصب دوار اللؤلؤة الذي شهد اعتصاماً تاريخياً"
2448:
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actually in possession of weapons such as knives and pistols. The
2080:
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1996:
National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces
924:
65:
284:, the head of security forces and a member of the royal family.
119:"sails" projecting up to the sky, which came together to hold a
2075:
1885:
1638:
855:"Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) forces move in to Pearl Square"
61:
1698:
363:"Bahrain tears down statue at focus of anti-monarchy protests"
511:"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2011: Bahrain"
120:
69:
116:
271:
Al Farooq Junction under construction in late March 2011.
627:"Unrest Grows in Bahrain as Police Kill a 2nd Protester"
920:"Bahrain lifts emergency law, military trials press on"
745:
Report of the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry
136:
coin, the highest value coin in Bahraini currency. The
841:"'Business-Friendly Bahrain' Disappears; Ex-Pats Exit"
207:
On 15 February 2011, after the funeral procession of
2016:
National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change
876:"Crane driver died during demolition of monument"
766:"Bahrain forces fire at protesters - Middle East"
2913:
177:
656:"Thousands gather at Bahrain's 'Tahrir Square'"
532:
722:. Akhbaralarab.net. 2011-02-17. Archived from
493:"Bahrain demolishes square used by protesters"
406:"Bahrain authorities destroy Pearl Roundabout"
1714:
1018:
695:"Clashes rock Bahraini capital - Middle East"
438:[Central Bank pulls 500 fils coins].
200:, the main site of demonstrations during the
110:
955:
461:
392:Bahrain: Two Million Tourists Can't Be Wrong
211:, shot and killed by riot police during the
40:
2957:Buildings and structures demolished in 2011
650:
648:
546:. Archived from the original on 2011-04-10.
518:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor
2952:Buildings and structures completed in 1982
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1707:
1032:
1025:
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570:
435:المصرف المركزي" يسحب الـ 500 فلس المعدنية"
336:
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306:
304:
302:
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252:Crown Prince of Bahrain, Salman Al Khalifa
1568:(International figures appointed by King)
1565:Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry
1495:
752:Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry
682:http://files.bici.org.bh/BICIreportEN.pdf
357:
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233:Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry
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917:
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331:
312:"Second Man Dies in Bahrain Skirmishes"
297:
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68:. The roundabout was named after the
52:, "Roundabout of the pearl(s)" was a
2006:Syrian Revolution General Commission
1681:
1227:Nationalist Democratic Rally Society
737:
115:The Pearl Monument consisted of six
945:http://www.b4bh.com/vb/t209111.html
520:. United States Department of State
462:De Haldevang, Alicia (2011-03-28).
41:
13:
2922:Buildings and structures in Manama
2056:Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet
1971:Society for Development and Change
1573:Human Price of Freedom and Justice
1222:National Democratic Action Society
812:"Bahrain, from pearls to protests"
540:"Dangerous change rattles Bahrain"
14:
2968:
956:Al A'Ali, Mohammed (2012-03-11).
242:Soon after the police crackdown,
2864:
2863:
1680:
1669:
1668:
1520:Zakariya Rashid Hassan al-Ashiri
1090:
878:. Gulf Daily News. 25 March 2011
625:Slackman, Michael (2011-02-15).
2657:Libyan civil war (2011–present)
2036:Constitutional Democratic Rally
1901:National Association for Change
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911:
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444:(in Arabic). Manama. 2011-03-26
394:April 17, 2007, Bahrain Embassy
2307:Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
1232:Progressive Democratic Tribune
918:Hammond, Andrew (2011-07-01).
571:Ying Welsh, May (2012-04-06).
455:
426:
412:
397:
385:
373:
1:
2051:Tunisian General Labour Union
1941:National Transitional Council
1741:Ash-shab yurid isqat an-nizam
1655:Bahrain: Shouting in the Dark
1439:Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa
900:. Alwasatnews.com. 2011-03-19
793:. The Irish Times. 2011-02-20
612:Bahrain: Shouting in the Dark
382:, gulfnews.com, Dec. 10, 2010
291:
178:Bahraini uprising (2011–2014)
171:Bahrain: Shouting in the Dark
147:
27:The GCC Roundabout, known as
2282:Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf
1980:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
818:. 2011-02-16. Archived from
581:(Interview). Interviewed by
282:Khalifa Bin Ahmed Al Khalifa
250:Following these events, the
7:
2662:Egyptian crisis (2011–2014)
1871:February 14 Youth Coalition
1482:Destruction of Shia mosques
1451:Khalid bin Ahmed Al Khalifa
1445:Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa
1253:Shabeeba Society of Bahrain
1248:February 14 Youth Coalition
1117:March of loyalty to martyrs
47:
10:
2973:
422:. Central Bank of Bahrain.
404:Farmer, Ben (2011-03-18).
380:Timeline of the GCC Summit
189:
111:Symbols and representation
90:Bahrain World Trade Center
79:
2947:Bahraini uprising of 2011
2859:
2800:
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2086:General People's Congress
2066:Alliance of Yemeni Tribes
1906:National Democratic Party
1855:
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1593:1990s uprising in Bahrain
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1127:Bahrain national dialogue
1099:
1088:
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1040:
556:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
420:"Current Coins: 500 fils"
217:Salmaniya Medical Complex
192:Bahraini protests of 2011
94:Bahrain Financial Harbour
74:Bahraini uprising of 2011
2744:death of Muammar Gaddafi
2132:Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
2107:Women in the Arab Spring
1936:National Liberation Army
1916:Revolutionary Socialists
1911:National Salvation Front
1644:Bahrain American Council
1433:Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
1197:Bahrain Freedom Movement
434:
408:. London: The Telegraph.
202:2011 Egyptian revolution
105:Gulf Cooperation Council
2713:International reactions
2474:Abdul Majeed al-Zindani
2397:Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
2277:Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz
2167:Mohamed Hussein Tantawy
2011:Syrian National Council
1961:Women to drive movement
1613:Human rights in Bahrain
1487:2011 Bahrain Grand Prix
1472:International reactions
142:Central Bank of Bahrain
138:Central Bank of Bahrain
2494:Mohammed Ali al-Houthi
2352:Muhammad Naji al-Otari
1951:February 25th Movement
1881:April 6 Youth Movement
1505:Ali Abdulhadi Mushaima
1202:Islamic Action Society
1034:2011 Bahraini uprising
843:. CNBC. 17 March 2011.
272:
257:Peninsula Shield Force
187:
157:
24:
2898:26.23028°N 50.56139°E
2739:military intervention
2489:Abdul-Malik al-Houthi
2464:Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi
2444:United Arab Emirates:
2252:Saif al-Islam Gaddafi
1603:Corruption in Bahrain
1535:Ahmed Jaber al-Qattan
270:
244:Bahrain Defense Force
235:, was established by
185:
155:
22:
2942:Transport in Bahrain
2387:Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb
2192:Khaled Mohamed Saeed
2117:Abdelaziz Bouteflika
1287:Abdulhadi al-Khawaja
1132:Health worker trials
609:feature documentary
48:Dawwār al-luʾluʾ(ah)
2937:Geography of Manama
2894: /
2479:Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar
2412:Rashid al-Ghannushi
2367:Wael Nader al-Halqi
2257:Mustafa Abdul-Jelil
2147:Ali Jawad al-Sheikh
1530:Ali Jawad al-Sheikh
1332:Mohammed al-Maskati
1157:Arrest of Ali Hasan
754:. 23 November 2011.
278:Umar ibn al-Khattab
2903:26.23028; 50.56139
2785:domestic responses
2770:Domestic reactions
2459:Ali Abdullah Saleh
2402:Mohamed Ghannouchi
1891:Muslim Brotherhood
1623:Torture in Bahrain
1608:History of Bahrain
1515:Abdulredha Buhmaid
1453:(Foreign minister)
1382:Abdulwahab Hussain
1122:Saudi Intervention
770:Al Jazeera English
699:Al Jazeera English
464:"Collector's item"
273:
263:Al Farooq Junction
188:
158:
58:financial district
25:
2877:
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2422:Beji Caid Essebsi
2362:Riyad Farid Hijab
2202:Mohamed ElBaradei
1750:Events by country
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1695:
1548:
1547:
1540:Mohammed Mushaima
1510:Fadhel Al-Matrook
1460:
1459:
1412:Sheikh Isa Qassim
1362:Zainab al-Khawaja
1342:Mahmood Al-Yousif
1337:Mohammed al-Tajer
1327:Mohamed Albuflasa
1322:Maryam al-Khawaja
1261:
1260:
1147:2012 Eker bombing
544:Asia Times Online
56:located near the
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2927:National squares
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2337:Hassan al-Turabi
2312:Khaled al-Johani
2267:Mohammed Nabbous
2232:Marouf al-Bakhit
2227:King Abdullah II
2026:Foreign fighters
2001:Free Syrian Army
1989:National Command
1984:Regional Command
1723:
1716:
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1649:Pearl Roundabout
1598:Al Bandar report
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1441:(Prime Minister)
1417:Bahrain Thirteen
1407:Saeed al-Shehabi
1367:Bahrain Thirteen
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2582:Iraqi Kurdistan
2512:Occupy movement
2498:
2469:Tawakkol Karman
2407:Moncef Marzouki
2377:Burhan Ghalioun
2347:Bashar al-Assad
2317:Manal al-Sharif
2247:Muammar Gaddafi
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1137:2012 Grand Prix
1112:Bloody Thursday
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2018:
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42:دوار اللؤلؤ(ة)
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2437:Chokri Belaid
2435:
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2427:Hamadi Jebali
2425:
2423:
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2417:Fouad Mebazaa
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2262:Mahmud Gebril
2260:
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2122:Ahmed Ouyahia
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2046:Popular Front
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2019:
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2014:
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1397:Munira Fakhro
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1347:Naser al-Raas
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1318:
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1312:Hussain Jawad
1310:
1308:
1305:
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1300:
1298:
1297:Ali al-Ghanmi
1295:
1293:
1292:Ali Abdulemam
1290:
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1152:Siege of Eker
1150:
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1128:
1125:
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1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1083:
1082:Sept–Dec 2012
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1047:
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926:
921:
914:
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893:
877:
871:
856:
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836:
822:on 2011-03-22
821:
817:
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786:
771:
767:
761:
753:
746:
740:
726:on 2011-07-23
725:
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678:
663:
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634:
633:
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621:
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608:
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587:Juan Gonzalez
584:
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198:Tahrir Square
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139:
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127:
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86:Abraj Al Lulu
77:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
49:
38:
34:
30:
21:
2932:Arab culture
2879:
2826:Saudi Arabia
2547:Burkina Faso
2455:
2443:
2393:
2343:
2328:
2322:Nimr al-Nimr
2303:
2288:
2273:
2243:
2223:
2197:Essam Sharaf
2177:Ahmed Shafik
2153:
2128:
2113:
2062:
2032:
1977:
1957:
1947:
1932:
1877:
1862:
1822:Saudi Arabia
1739:
1685:
1673:
1653:
1648:
1576:(Local NGOs)
1571:
1563:
1554:Human Rights
1357:Nabeel Rajab
1317:Lamees Dhaif
1217:Haq Movement
1077:Jan–Aug 2012
1072:Jul–Dec 2011
1067:Apr–Jun 2011
1062:Feb–Mar 2011
1044:Part of the
991:. Retrieved
987:
978:
967:. Retrieved
961:
951:
940:
929:. Retrieved
923:
913:
902:. Retrieved
892:
880:. Retrieved
870:
859:. Retrieved
849:
835:
824:. Retrieved
820:the original
815:
806:
795:. Retrieved
785:
774:. Retrieved
772:. 2011-02-18
760:
739:
728:. Retrieved
724:the original
714:
703:. Retrieved
701:. 2011-02-17
689:
677:
666:. Retrieved
664:. 2011-02-15
659:
636:. Retrieved
630:
620:
610:
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590:. Retrieved
576:
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522:. Retrieved
517:
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473:. Retrieved
467:
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446:. Retrieved
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387:
375:
366:
345:
322:. Retrieved
320:. 2011-02-15
315:
286:
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249:
247:roundabout.
241:
229:
221:
209:Ali Mushaima
206:
195:
169:
168:documentary
159:
114:
102:
98:
83:
45:
32:
28:
26:
2901: /
2526:Azerbaijan
2292:Mohammed VI
2274:Mauritania:
2237:Samir Rifai
2182:Wael Ghonim
2172:Ahmed Nazif
1948:Mauritania:
1921:Shayfeencom
1730:Arab Spring
1352:Naji Fateel
1107:Day of Rage
1046:Arab Spring
583:Amy Goodman
213:Day of Rage
126:dodecagonal
2916:Categories
2889:50°33′41″E
2886:26°13′49″N
2804:by country
2357:Adel Safar
2142:Ali Salman
1802:Mauritania
1585:Background
1497:Casualties
1426:Government
1387:Ali Salman
1375:Opposition
1172:Opposition
993:2020-09-27
969:2012-03-11
958:"FACELIFT"
931:2011-12-30
904:2011-06-16
861:2011-06-16
826:2011-02-27
797:2011-06-16
776:2011-06-16
750:(Report).
730:2011-06-16
705:2011-06-16
668:2011-02-15
638:2011-02-15
607:Al Jazeera
592:2021-01-17
524:3 February
475:2011-12-30
448:2011-12-30
348:, Al Wasat
324:2011-02-15
292:References
237:King Hamad
166:undercover
163:Al Jazeera
148:Demolition
128:pool with
54:roundabout
2802:Timelines
2734:civil war
2635:2011–2012
1817:Palestine
1281:Activists
1055:Timelines
317:Ya Libnan
2869:Category
2617:Portugal
2592:Maldives
2449:UAE Five
2394:Tunisia:
2289:Morocco:
2129:Bahrain:
2114:Algeria:
2071:Al-Islah
2033:Tunisia:
1866:Al Wefaq
1863:Bahrain:
1767:Djibouti
1675:Category
1192:Al Wefaq
1186:Islamist
1141:protests
882:29 April
552:cite web
497:NBC News
130:fountain
92:and the
2811:Bahrain
2756:Tunisia
2721:Bahrain
2631:Turkey
2601:Mexico
2542:Belarus
2522:Armenia
2517:Albania
2224:Jordan:
2081:Houthis
2041:Ennahda
1837:Tunisia
1807:Morocco
1792:Lebanon
1762:Bahrain
1757:Algeria
1687:Commons
1556:reports
1477:Torture
1210:Secular
988:DT News
925:Reuters
441:Alwasat
367:Haaretz
80:History
66:Bahrain
2781:Libya
2730:Libya
2678:65/265
2622:Russia
2587:Israel
2561:India
2557:Greece
2504:Impact
2456:Yemen:
2344:Syria:
2329:Sudan:
2244:Libya:
2154:Egypt:
2091:Hiraak
2076:Hashid
2063:Yemen:
1978:Syria:
1966:CDHRAP
1933:Libya:
1886:Kefaya
1878:Egypt:
1856:Groups
1787:Kuwait
1782:Jordan
1639:Qorvis
1465:Impact
1435:(King)
1267:People
1100:Events
62:Manama
37:Arabic
2851:Egypt
2846:Libya
2841:Yemen
2836:Yemen
2831:Syria
2821:Libya
2816:Egypt
2792:Syria
2777:Egypt
2761:Yemen
2751:Syria
2726:Egypt
2627:Spain
2552:China
1847:Yemen
1832:Syria
1827:Sudan
1797:Libya
1772:Egypt
1632:Other
1241:Youth
748:(PDF)
684:(p81)
514:(PDF)
134:dinar
121:pearl
70:pearl
2703:2016
2698:2014
2693:2009
2688:1973
2683:1970
2640:2013
2610:2012
2605:2011
2597:Mali
2577:Iran
2570:2012
2565:2011
2535:2013
2530:2011
1812:Oman
1777:Iraq
884:2012
605:See
558:link
526:2013
346:News
117:dhow
1895:FJP
816:CNN
227:).
60:of
31:or
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647:^
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554:}}
550:{{
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344:,
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