2011 Egyptian revolution

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hundreds of cases of police brutality. According to the 2009 Human Rights Report from the U.S. State Department, "Domestic and international human rights groups reported that the Ministry of Interior (MOI) State Security Investigative Service (SSIS), police, and other government entities continued to employ torture to extract information or force confessions. The Egyptian Organization for Human Rights documented 30 cases of torture during the year 2009. In numerous trials defendants alleged that police tortured them during questioning. During the year activists and observers circulated some amateur cellphone videos documenting the alleged abuse of citizens by security officials. For example, on 8 February, a blogger posted a video of two police officers, identified by their first names and last initials, sodomizing a bound naked man named Ahmed Abdel Fattah Ali with a bottle. On 12 August, the same blogger posted two videos of alleged police torture of a man in a Port Said police station by the head of investigations, Mohammed Abu Ghazala. There was no indication that the government investigated either case."

3946:, was important to the revolution; the cameras provided exposure, preventing mass violence by the government in Tahrir Square (in contrast to the lack of live coverage and more-widespread violence in Libya). Its use was important in order to portray the violence of the Egyptian government, as well as, building support for the revolution through several different mediums. On one front was social media giving minute by minute updates via YouTube, Facebook and Twitter, and in the other hand was the use of the mainstream media to report to a wider audience about the overall developments occurring in Egypt. The ability of protesters to focus their demonstrations on a single area (with live coverage) was fundamental in Egypt but impossible in Libya, Bahrain and Syria, irrespective of social-media use. A social-media expert launched a network of messages with the hashtag #jan25 on 11 February 2011, when Mubarak's resignation was announced. 2009:: Violence escalated as waves of Mubarak supporters met anti-government protesters; some Mubarak supporters rode camels and horses into Tahrir Square, reportedly wielding sticks. The attack resulted in 3 deaths and 600 injuries. Mubarak repeated his refusal to resign in interviews with several news agencies. Violence toward journalists and reporters escalated, amid speculation that it was encouraged by Mubarak to bring the protests to an end. The camel and horse riders later claimed that they were "good men", and they opposed the protests because they wanted tourists to come back to keep their jobs and feed their animals. The horse and camel riders deny that they were paid by anyone, though they said that they were told about the protests from a ruling party MP. Three hundred people were reported dead by the Human Rights Watch the following day, since 25 January. Wael Ghonim, Google executive and creator of the page 2700: 2964:, joined in praising the revolution. U.S. President Barack Obama praised the achievement of the Egyptian people and encouraged other activists, saying "Let's look at Egypt's example". Amid growing concern for the country, Cameron was the first world leader to visit Egypt, ten days after Mubarak's resignation. A news blackout was lifted as the prime minister landed in Cairo for a brief five-hour stopover, hastily added to the beginning of a planned tour of the Middle East. On 15 March, United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton visited Egypt; she was the highest-ranking U.S. official to visit the country since the handover of power from Mubarak to the military. Clinton urged military leaders to begin the process of a democratic transition, offering support to protesters and reaffirming ties between the two nations. 1728: 3661: 2474:. The SCAF issued an interim constitution, giving itself the power to control the prime minister, legislation, the national budget and declarations of war without oversight, and chose a 100-member panel to draft a permanent constitution. Presidential powers include the power to choose his vice president and cabinet, to propose the state budget and laws and to issue pardons. The interim constitution removed the military and the defense minister from presidential authority and oversight. According to the interim constitution, a permanent constitution must be written within three months and be subject to a referendum 15 days later. When a permanent constitution is approved, a parliamentary election will be held within a month to replace the dissolved parliament. 3609:

ready to sacrifice. However, secular forces emerged from the revolution espousing principles shared with religious groups: freedom, social justice and dignity. Islamist organisations emerged with a greater freedom to operate. Although the cooperative, inter-faith revolution was no guarantee that partisan politics would not re-emerge in its wake, its success represented a change from the intellectual stagnation (created by decades of repression) which pitted modernity and Islamism against one another. Islamists and secularists are faced with new opportunities for dialogue on subjects such as the role of Islam and Sharia in society, freedom of speech and the impact of secularism on a predominantly Muslim population.

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on Tahrir Square they accounted for about 40 to 50 per cent in the days leading up to the fall of Mubarak. Women, with and without veils, participated in the defence of the square, set up barricades, led debates, shouted slogans and, together with the men, risked their lives. Some participated in the protests, were present in news clips and on Facebook forums and were part of the revolution's leadership during the Egyptian revolution. In Tahrir Square, female protesters (some with children) supported the protests. The diversity of the protesters in Tahrir Square was visible in the women who participated; many wore

1935: 1987:, in what was believed to be an attempt to terrorise protesters. Police were withdrawn from the streets, and the military was deployed. International fears of violence grew, but no major casualties were reported. Mubarak made his first address to the nation, pledging to form a new government. Later that night clashes broke out in Tahrir Square between revolutionaries and pro-Mubarak demonstrators, leading to casualties. No fatalities have been reported in Cairo, however, 11 people were killed in Suez and another 170 were injured.1,030 people were reported injured nationwide. 3832: 1500: 61: 3397:, New Center Party), was finally recognised by an Egyptian court. The party was founded in 1996 by activists who split from the Muslim Brotherhood and sought to create a tolerant, liberal Islamic movement, but its four attempts to register as an official party were rejected. That day, Prime Minister Ahmed Shafiq also said that 222 political prisoners would be released. Shafiq said that only a few were detained during the uprising; he put the number of remaining political prisoners at 487, but did not say when they would be released. On 20 February 1955: 2853: 2824: 483: 3347: 2664: 1197: 3625:, said that Egypt's most formidable task was to refute the old paradigm of the Arab world which sees the only choices for regimes repressive, secular dictatorships or repressive theocracies. Ben-Ami noted that with Islam a central part of the society, any emergent regime was bound to be attuned to religion. In his view, a democracy which excluded all religion from public life (as in France) could succeed in Egypt but no genuine Arab democracy could disallow the participation of political Islam. 2458:. The court ruled that all articles making up the law regulating the 2011 parliamentary elections were invalid, upholding a lower-court ruling which found that candidates running on party slates were allowed to contest the one-third of parliamentary seats reserved for independents. The Egyptian parliament was dissolved, and the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces resumed legislative authority. The SCAF said that it would announce a 100-person assembly to write the country's new constitution. 1919: 3652:

joining later). After clashing with police, protesters in Alexandria and Cairo shouted slogans denouncing Mubarak's rule in support of unity between Christians and Muslims. Their sense of being let down by national security forces was cited as one of the first grievances sparking 25 January uprising. On 7 February a complaint was filed against Habib al-Adly (interior minister until Mubarak dissolved the government during the protests' early days), accusing him of directing the attack.

20324: 1285: 3701: 4048: 21292: 20801: 19103: 17322: 19113: 558: 3732: 758: 1860: 2247:: Tens of thousands of demonstrators filled Tahrir Square, in addition to demonstrations in Alexandria, Suez, Ismailia and Gharbeya, in the largest demonstrations since the ouster of the Mubarak regime. Protestors demanded no military trials for civilians, restoration of the Egyptian Constitution before parliament elections and for all members of the old regime (and those who killed protestors in January and February) to stand trial. 2714:, experienced major protests and clashes with police. There were few confrontations between demonstrators, since there were few Mubarak supporters (except for a few police-escorted convoys). The breakdown of law and order, including the general absence of police from the streets, continued until the evening of 3 February. Alexandria's protests were notable for the joint presence of Christians and Muslims in the events following the 17370: 916: 632: 620: 608: 596: 584: 546: 534: 522: 510: 422: 373: 4034: 100: 20314: 3811:(which led to the peace treaty), Israel and Egypt receive billions of dollars in aid annually from the United States; Egypt received over US$ 1.3 billion in military aid each year, in addition to economic and development assistance. According to Juan Cole many Egyptian youth felt ignored by Mubarak, feeling that he put the interests of the West ahead of theirs. The cooperation of the Egyptian regime in enforcing the 1276:, and his cronyism cost the country infrastructure industries which could generate new jobs. Communications media such as the internet, cell phones and satellite TV channels augmented mosques and Friday prayers, traditional means of mass communications. The mosques brought the Muslim Brotherhood to power, and the Brotherhood pressured all governments from 1928 through 2011 (as it had also done in neighboring countries). 1472:

opposition groups and international election-monitoring agencies charged that the elections were rigged, those agencies were not allowed to monitor elections. The only opposition presidential candidate in recent Egyptian history, Ayman Nour, was imprisoned before the 2005 elections. According to a 2007 UN survey, voter turnout was extremely low (about 25 per cent) because of a lack of trust in the political system.

19123: 19133: 1714:, "The Jasmine Revolution should serve as a stark warning to Arab leaders – beginning with Egypt's 83-year-old Hosni Mubarak – that their refusal to allow more economic and political opportunity is dangerous and untenable." Others believed that Egypt was not ready for revolution, citing little aspiration by the Egyptian people, low educational levels and a strong government with military support. The 2041:: Mubarak addressed the Egyptian people amid speculation of a military coup. Instead of resigning (which was widely expected), he said he would delegate some powers to Vice President Suleiman while remaining Egypt's head of state. Mubarak's statement was met with anger, frustration and disappointment, and in a number of cities there was an escalation in the number and intensity of demonstrations. 3880:

400,000 followers, creating an online arena where protestors and those discontented with the government could gather and organise. The page called for protests on 25 January, later known as the "Day of Wrath". Hundreds of thousands of protestors flooded the streets to show their discontent with murder and corruption in their country. Ghonim was jailed on 28 January, and released 12 days later.

1993:: The military presence in Cairo increased. A curfew was imposed, which was widely ignored as the flow of protesters into Tahrir Square continued through the night. The military reportedly refused to follow orders to fire live ammunition, exercising overall restraint; there were no reports of major casualties. On 31 January, Israeli media reported that the 9th, 2nd, and 7th Divisions of the 3749:

equipment and allows Egyptian officers to train in the U.S. Guaranteed this aid package, the ruling SCAF is resistant to reform. One analyst, conceding the military's conservatism, says it has no option but to facilitate democratisation. It will have to limit its political role to continue good relations with the West, and cannot restrict Islamist participation in a genuine democracy.

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both houses to be able to discuss these constitutional amendments and the legislative amendments linked to it for laws that complement the constitution and to ensure the participation of all the political forces in these discussions, I demand parliament to adhere to the word of the judiciary and its verdicts concerning the latest cases which have been legally challenged.

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but on 28 January the police withdrew from all of Cairo. Citizens formed neighbourhood-watch groups to maintain order, and widespread looting was reported. Traffic police were reintroduced to Cairo the morning of 31 January. An estimated two million people protested at Tahrir Square. During the protests, reporters Natasha Smith,

2669: 2480:: The SCAF said that it picked a 100-member panel to draft a permanent constitution if a court strikes down the parliament-picked assembly, planning a celebration at the end of June to mark the transfer of power to the new president. Muslim Brotherhood candidate Mohamed Morsi declared himself the winner of the presidential election. 1983:: The "Friday of Anger" protests began, with hundreds of thousands demonstrating in Cairo and other Egyptian cities after Friday prayers. Opposition leader Mohamed ElBaradei arrived in Cairo amid reports of looting. Prisons were opened and burned down, allegedly on orders from Interior Minister Habib El Adly. Prison inmates escaped 1744:

bread at the regular price – which is five times higher than the subsidised. Mohammed Farouq Mohammed, who is a lawyer, also set himself afire in front of the parliament to protest his ex-wife, who did not allow him to see his daughters. In Alexandria, an unemployed man by the name of Ahmed Hashem Sayed also set himself on fire.

1920: 1921: 2215:: Tens of thousands of demonstrators again filled Tahrir Square, criticizing the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces for not following through on their demands: the resignation of remaining regime figures and the removal of Egypt's public prosecutor, due to the slow pace of investigations of corrupt former officials. 2730:, there were daily protests against the Mubarak regime beginning on 25 January; two days later, the city was called a "war zone". On 28 January, 13 were reported dead in violent clashes; on 9 February, 18 more protesters died. One protest, on 1 February, had an estimated attendance of one million. The remote city of 2919:

France and Germany issued similar statements calling for reform and an end to violence against peaceful protesters. Many states in the region expressed concern and supported Mubarak; Saudi Arabia issued a statement "strongly condemn" the protests, while Tunisia and Iran supported them. Israel was cautious, with

3848:. Activists called on participants to wear black and stay home the day of the strike. Bloggers and citizen journalists used Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, blogs and other media tools to report on the strike, alert their networks about police activity, organize legal protection and draw attention to their efforts. 2762:(the Tunisian city where protests began). On 3 February, 4,000 protesters took to the streets to demand Mubarak's resignation. A labour strike took place on 8 February, and large protests were held on 11 February. The MENA news agency reported the death of two protestors and one police officers on 26 January. 3884:

and degradation. On 24 January Mahfouz posted another video relating efforts made in support of the protest, from printing posters to creating flyers. The videos were posted on Facebook and then YouTube. The day after her last video post, hundreds of thousands of Egyptians poured into the streets in protest.

2003:: Mubarak made another televised address, offering several concessions. He pledged political reforms and said he would not run in the elections planned for September, but would remain in office to oversee a peaceful transition. Small-but-violent clashes began that night between pro- and anti-Mubarak groups. 2667: 2311:, peaceful Egyptian protesters calling for the dissolution the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, the resignation of Chairman Field Marshal Muhammad Tantawi and the dismissal of the governor of Aswan province were attacked by military police. At least 25 people were killed, and more than 200 wounded. 3966:

of edits to the page. She shows how political cartoons were removed, and how the number of casualties became a source of heated debate. Her research exemplifies how editors coordinated and prioritised work on the article, but also how political events are represented through collaborative journalism.

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in the Knowledge article regarding the revolution. Ford claims that infoboxes and cleanup tags were used as objects of "bespoken-code" by Knowledge editors. By using these elements, editors shaped the news narrative in the first 18 days of the revolution. Ford used the discussion page and the history

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Some protesters discouraged the use of social media. A widely circulated pamphlet by an anonymous activist group titled "How to Protest Intelligently" (Arabic: كيف للاحتجاج بذكاء؟), asked readers "not to use Twitter or Facebook or other websites because they are all being monitored by the Ministry of

3757:. During the night of 8 April 2011 military police attacked a sit-in in Tahrir Square by protesters and sympathetic military officers, killing at least one. On 9 October the Egyptian military crushed protesters under armed personnel carriers and shot live ammunition at a demonstration in front of the 2443:

martial law (extending the arrest powers of security forces), the Justice Ministry issued a decree giving military officers authority to arrest civilians and try them in military courts. The provision remains in effect until a new constitution is introduced, and could mean those detained could remain

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in Tunisia on 17 December, a man set himself afire on 18 January in front of the Egyptian parliament and five more attempts followed. On 17 January, Abdou Abdel Monaam, a baker, also set himself on fire to protest a law that prevented restaurant owners from buying subsidised bread, leading him to buy

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president by some. Although Gamal and his father denied an inheritance of power, he was speculated as likely to be chosen as the NDP candidate in the presidential election scheduled for 2011, when Hosni Mubarak's presidential term was set to expire. However, Gamal ultimately declined to run following

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During the decade, public perception grew that Gamal would succeed his father. He wielded increasing power as NDP deputy secretary general and chair of the party's policy committee. Analysts described Mubarak's last decade in power as "the age of Gamal Mubarak". With his father's health declining and

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Facebook, Twitter and blogging helped spread the uprising. Egyptian businessman Khaled Said was beaten to death by police in June 2010, reportedly in retaliation for a video he posted showing Egyptian police sharing the spoils of a drug bust. Wael Ghonim's memorial Facebook page to Said grew to over

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People take to the streets on 7 April 2008, in Mahalla, Egypt. In the days following the planned strike on 6 April that was shut down by government force, a series of uprisings and military reprisals turned the city of Mahalla, about two hours north of Cairo, into a conflict zone. Rising food prices

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have been participating actively in the revolution, in the same way that they played an active role in the strike movement in the few last years, in several cases pressurizing the men to join the strikes. In earlier protests in Egypt, women only accounted for about 10 per cent of the protesters, but

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Since the revolution Islamist parties (such as the Muslim Brotherhood) have strengthened in the democratic landscape, leading constitutional change, voter mobilization and protests. This was a concern of the secular and youth movements, who wanted elections to be held later so they could catch up to

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According to my constitutional powers, I call on parliament in both its houses to discuss amending article 76 and 77 of the constitution concerning the conditions on running for presidency of the republic and it sets specific a period for the presidential term. In order for the current parliament in

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The European Union Foreign Affairs Chief said, "I also reiterate my call upon the Egyptian authorities to urgently establish a constructive and peaceful way to respond to the legitimate aspirations of Egyptian citizens for democratic and socioeconomic reforms." The United States, the United Kingdom,

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International response to the protests was initially mixed, although most governments called for peaceful action on both sides and a move towards reform. Most Western nations expressed concern about the situation, and many governments issued travel advisories and attempted to evacuate their citizens

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Cairo has been at the centre of the revolution; the largest protests were held in downtown Tahrir Square, considered the "protest movement's beating heart and most effective symbol". During the first three days of the protests there were clashes between the central security police and demonstrators,

2622:, giving him executive, judicial and constitutional power. Morsi refused to accept his removal from office, and many supporters vowed to reinstate him. They originally intended their sit-ins to celebrate Morsi's first anniversary, but they quickly became opposed to the new authorities. Their sit-ins 2609:

On 30 June 2013, the first anniversary of Morsi's inauguration as president, millions of Egyptians protested against him, demanding he step down from office. Morsi refused to resign. A 48-hour ultimatum was issued to him, demanding that he respond to the demands of the Egyptians, and on 3 July 2013,

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During 28 January the increased local mobilization pushed a large amount of apolitical Egyptians into action, either to look after their friends and family in the absence of mobile communication or to complain about the shutdown, resulting in large protests not only in Cairo. Meanwhile, the Mubarak

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Egyptian activist and 6 April Youth Movement member Asmaa Mahfouz posted a video urging the Egyptian people to meet her at Tahrir Square, rise up against the government and demand democracy. In the video, she spoke about four protesters who had immolated themselves in protest of 30 years of poverty

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has called it the political Facebook group in Egypt with the most dynamic debates. In March 2012 it had 325,000 predominantly young and members, most previously inactive politically, whose concerns included free speech, nepotism in government and the country's stagnant economy. Their Facebook forum

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The participation and contributions by Egyptian women to the protests were attributed to the fact that many (especially younger women) were better educated than previous generations and represent more than half of Egyptian university students. This is an empowering factor for women, who have become

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were reported, including a man arrested while trying to set himself afire in downtown Cairo. The cases were inspired by (and began one month after) the acts of self-immolation in Tunisia which triggered the Tunisian revolution. The self-immolators included Abdou Abdel-Moneim Jaafar, Mohammed Farouk

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would need to resume economic reform to attract foreign investment, increase growth and improve economic conditions. Despite recent high national economic growth, living conditions for the average Egyptian remained relatively poor (albeit better than other African nations with no significant social

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According to a U.S. Embassy report, police brutality had been widespread in Egypt. In the five years before the revolution, the Mubarak regime denied the existence of torture or abuse by police. However, claims by domestic and international groups provided cellphone videos or first-hand accounts of

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was preceded by a media crackdown, arrests, candidate bans (particularly Muslim Brotherhood candidates) and allegations of fraud due to the near-unanimous victory by the NDP in parliament. Human rights organizations estimated that in 2010, between 5,000 and 10,000 people were in long-term detention

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Since 25 January 2011, videos (including those of a badly beaten Khaled Said, disproving police claims that he had choked to death), tweets and Facebook comments have kept the world abreast of the situation in Egypt. Amir Ali documents the ways in which social media was used by Egyptian activists,

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chief among them) are younger, with closer connections to the U.S. and the Muslim Brotherhood. An important aspect of the relationship between the Egyptian and American military establishments is the $ 1.3 billion in annual military aid provided to Egypt, which pays for American-made military

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On 16 April the Higher Administrative Court dissolved the former ruling National Democratic Party (NDP), ordering its funds and property to be transferred to the government. On 24 May it was announced that Hosni Mubarak and his sons, Gamal and Alaa, would be tried for the deaths of anti-government

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In April 2013 a youth group was created opposing Morsi and attempting to collect 22 million signatures by 30 June 2013 (the first anniversary of his presidency) on a petition demanding early presidential elections. This triggered the June 2013 protests. Although protests were scheduled for 30

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dissolved Egypt's parliament and suspended the constitution in response to demands by demonstrators. The council declared that it would wield power for six months, or until elections could be held. Calls were made for the council to provide details and more-specific timetables and deadlines. Major

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Corruption, coercion not to vote and manipulation of election results occurred during many elections over Mubarak's 30-year rule. Until 2005, Mubarak was the only presidential candidate (with a yes-or-no vote). Mubarak won five consecutive presidential elections with a sweeping majority. Although

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of collective behavior, which states that people are more likely to engage in risky actions if other people inside their networks (neighbors, friends, etc.) have taken action. Radicals have a small threshold and are more likely to form new networks during an information blackout, influencing the

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While the regime disrupted the media, people needed to engage in face-to-face communication on a local level, which the regime could not monitor or control. In such a situation it is more likely that radicals will influence their neighbors, who are not able to see the public opinion displayed in

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Christians. Egyptian officials said that "foreign elements" were behind the attack. Other sources claim that the bomb killed 21 people only and injured more than 70. Some Copts accused the Egyptian government of negligence; after the attack, many Christians protested in the streets (with Muslims

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The Egyptian protests in Egypt were not centred around religion-based politics, but nationalism and social consciousness. Before the uprising, the best-organised and most-prominent opposition movements in the Arab world usually came from Islamist organisations with members who were motivated and

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On 17 February, an Egyptian prosecutor ordered the detention of three former ministers (interior minister Habib el-Adli, tourism minister Zuhair Garana and housing minister Ahmed el-Maghrabi) and steel magnate Ahmed Ezz pending trial for wasting public funds. The public prosecutor froze the bank

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On 22 November 2012, Morsi issued a declaration immunizing his decrees from challenge and attempting to protect the work of the constituent assembly drafting the new constitution. The declaration required a retrial of those acquitted of killing protesters, and extended the constituent assembly's

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to the presidency in June 2012, after winning the election over Ahmed Shafik. However, the Morsi government encountered fierce opposition after his attempt to pass an Islamic-leaning constitution. Morsi also issued a temporary presidential decree that raised his decisions over judicial review to

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Social media helped secure solidarity for the revolutionaries from people outside of Egypt. This is evident through movements like the "March of Millions", "Voice of Egypt Abroad", "Egyptians Abroad in Support of Egypt" and "New United Arab States", who had their inception during the revolution

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has been used extensively. As one Egyptian activist tweeted during the protests, "We use Facebook to schedule the protests, Twitter to coordinate, and YouTube to tell the world." Internet censorship has also been extensive, in some cases to the extent of taking entire nations virtually offline.

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revealed that he was behind the account. He was later detained for a few days until the government was able to get a hold of certain information that they needed. Many questions were left around that subject, no one really understood what had actually happened or what has had been said. In a TV

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and other signs of religious conservatism, while others felt free to kiss a friend or smoke a cigarette in public. Women organised protests and reported events; female bloggers, such as Leil Zahra Mortada, risked abuse or imprisonment by keeping the world informed of events in Tahrir Square and

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of peaceful protestors during the revolution; if convicted, he could face the death penalty. The list of charges, released by the public prosecutor, was "intentional murder, attempted killing of some demonstrators ... misuse of influence and deliberately wasting public funds and unlawfully

1534:; with the number of new people entering the workforce at about four per cent a year, unemployment in Egypt is almost 10 times as high for college graduates as for those who finished elementary school (particularly educated urban youth—the people who were in the streets during the revolution). 2253:: Thousands of protesters gathered in Suez, Alexandria and Tahrir Square to voice frustration with the ruling Supreme Council of the Armed Forces for what they called the slow pace of change, five months after the revolution, some also feared that the military is to rule Egypt indefinitely. 2564:

mandate by two months. The declaration also authorised Morsi to take any measures necessary to protect the revolution. Liberal and secular groups walked out of the constituent assembly because they believed that it would impose strict Islamism, while the Muslim Brotherhood supported Morsi.

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reported an online campaign initiative (the National Initiative against Power Inheritance) demanding that Gamal reduce his power. The campaign said, "President Mubarak and his son constantly denied even the possibility of . However, in reality they did the opposite, including amending the

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The 25 January Revolution and the fall of Hosni Mubarak the following month ushered in a new artistic era reflecting a changed social and political environment; "the revolution triggered a new public culture". Since its beginning, artists played a significant role in the protests;

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June, opponents began gathering on the 28th. Morsi supporters (primarily from Islamic parties) also protested that day. On 30 June the group organised large protests in Tahrir Square and the presidential palace demanding early presidential elections, which later spread to other

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Despite the optimism surrounding the revolution, commentators expressed concern about the risk of increased power and influence for Islamist forces in the country and region and the difficulty of integrating different groups, ideologies and visions for the country. Journalist

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Funerals for those killed during the "Friday of Anger" were held on 30 January. Hundreds of mourners gathered, calling for Mubarak's removal. By 1 February the protests left at least 125 people dead, although Human Rights Watch said that UN High Commissioner for Human Rights

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The revolution's primary demands, chanted at every protest, were bread (also jobs and other material needs), freedom, social justice and human dignity. The fulfillment of these demands has been uneven and debatable. Demands stemming from the main four include the following:

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is a Facebook group which formed in the aftermath of Said's beating and death. The group attracted hundreds of thousands of members worldwide, playing a prominent role in spreading (and drawing attention to) the growing discontent. As the protests began, Google executive

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As head of Egypt's armed forces, Tantawi has been described as "aged and change-resistant" and is attached to the old regime. He has used his position as defense minister to oppose economic and political reform he saw as weakening central authority. Other key figures

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fought security forces for several weeks. As a result of the decreased military border presence, Bedouin groups protected the borders and pledged their support of the revolution. However, despite mounting tension among tourists no protests or civil unrest occurred in

1226:. The coup in 1952 led to the abolishment of the monarchy and Egypt became a one party and military dominated state. Nasser who was a member of the Free Officers became the second President of Egypt following the resignation of Muhammad Naguib and under his rule, the 3474:

and former secretary for organizational affairs of the National Democratic Party Ahmed Ezz. Mubarak's ouster was followed by allegations of corruption against other government officials and senior politicians. On 28 February 2011, Egypt's top prosecutor ordered an

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The military has led a violent crackdown on the Egyptian revolution since the fall of Mubarak. On 9 March 2011 military police violently dispersed a sit-in in Tahrir Square, arresting and torturing protesters. Seven female protesters were forcibly subjected to

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Demonstrations in Tahrir Square: Two Years Later, What has Changed?: Hearing before the Subcommittee on the Middle East and North Africa of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, 26 February

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and suppress the group through emergency law. This led to the imprisonment of activists without trial, illegal, undocumented and hidden detention facilities and the rejection of university, mosque and newspaper staff based on their political affiliation. A

1965:: Protests erupted throughout Egypt, with tens of thousands gathering in Cairo and thousands more in other Egyptian cities. The protests targeted the Mubarak government; while mostly non-violent, there were some reports of civilian and police casualties. 4614: 1459:, was arrested during the Cairo protests on 26 January. He witnessed fellow Egyptian protesters being tortured, assaulted, and taken to undisclosed locations by police officers. Shenker and other detainees were released after covert intervention by 2047:: Large protests continued in many cities, as Egyptians refused to accept Mubarak's concessions. At 6:00 pm Suleiman announced Mubarak's resignation, entrusting the Supreme Council of Egyptian Armed Forces with the leadership of the country. 2993:

The Muslim Brotherhood joined the revolution on 30 January, calling on the military to intervene and all opposition groups to unite against Mubarak. It joined other opposition groups in electing Mohamed el Baradei to lead an interim government.

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following a referendum in which 98.2% of voters were supportive. Participation was low with only 38.6% of registered voters participating although this was higher than the 33% who voted in a referendum during Morsi's tenure. On 26 March 2014,

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while being chased by police officers. However, pictures which were released of Khaled's disfigured corpse from the morgue showed signs of torture. A Facebook page, "We are all Khaled Said", helped attract nationwide attention to the case.

2579:, demanding a reversal of the declaration and the dissolving of the constituent assembly. A "huge protest" was planned for Tuesday, 27 November, with clashes reported between protesters and police. The declaration was also condemned by 2080:

protests subsided, but did not end. In a gesture to a new beginning, protesters cleaned up and renovated Tahrir Square (the epicenter of the demonstrations); however, many pledged to continue protesting until all demands had been met.

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During the early morning hours of 28 January the Mubarak regime shut down internet and cell phone networks in the whole country. This media shutdown was likely one of the reasons why the numbers of protestors exploded on 28 January.

12213: 11182: 2514:: The Supreme Administrative Court revoked Decree No. 4991/2012 from the Minister of Justice, which granted military intelligence and police the power to arrest civilians (a right previously reserved for civilian police officers). 2416:

were sentenced to life in prison because of their failure to stop the killing during the first six days of the revolution. The former president, his two sons and a business tycoon were acquitted of corruption charges because the

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claimed that as many as 300 might have died in the unrest. The unconfirmed tally included 80 Human-Rights-Watch-verified deaths at two Cairo hospitals, 36 in Alexandria and 13 in Suez; over 3,000 people were reported injured.

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was instrumental in sparking the protests. In a video blog posted a week before National Police Day, she urged the Egyptian people to join her on 25 January in Tahrir Square to bring down the Mubarak regime. Mahfouz's use of

1083:, announced on 13 February that the constitution is suspended, both houses of parliament dissolved and the military would govern for six months (until elections could be held). The previous cabinet, including Prime Minister 3629:

the already-well-organised groups. Elections were held in September 2011, with Liberty and Justice (the Muslim Brotherhood party) winning 48.5 per cent of the vote. In 2014 in Upper Egypt, several newspapers reported that

2189:: About 4,000 demonstrators filled Tahrir Square for the largest protest in weeks, demanding that the ruling military council more quickly dismantle lingering aspects of the old regime; protestors also demanded trials for 2666: 3023:

On 1 February Mubarak said that although his candidacy had been announced by high-ranking members of his National Democratic Party, he never intended to run for reelection in September. He asked parliament for reforms:

2327:: Police attempted to forcibly clear the square, but protesters returned in more than double their original numbers. Fighting continued through the night, with police using tear gas, beating and shooting demonstrators. 1637:. The perception among Egyptians was that the only people benefiting from the nation's wealth were businessmen with ties to the National Democratic Party: "Wealth fuels political power and political power buys wealth." 20280: 1318:, several left- and right-wing (primarily unofficial) political groups expressed opposition to the inheritance of power, demanded reforms and asked for a multi-candidate election. In 2006, with opposition increasing, 3869:, an activist who posted a video challenging people to publicly protest. Facebook had previously suspended the group because some administrators were using pseudonyms, a violation of the company's terms of service. 693: 15346: 10922: 3004:

joined protesters throughout the country on 30 January. Christian leaders asked their congregations not to participate in the demonstrations, although a number of young Christian activists joined protests led by

10961: 10866: 2536:: Morsi was sworn in as Egypt's first democratically elected president before the Supreme Constitutional Court at the podium used by U.S. President Barack Obama to reach out to the Islamic world in 2009 in his 1718:

said, "The simple fact is that most Egyptians do not see any way that they can change their country or their lives through political action, be it voting, activism, or going out on the streets to demonstrate."

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the steel industry, with more than 60 per cent of market share. Aladdin Elaasar, an Egyptian biographer and American professor, estimated that the Mubarak family was worth from $ 50 to $ 70 billion.

1374:, unapproved political organizations and unregistered financial donations. The Mubarak government cited the threat of terrorism in extending the state of emergency, claiming that opposition groups such as the 6561: 2757:

also saw violent protests. Eyewitness reports suggested that the death toll was high, although confirmation was difficult due to a ban on media coverage in the area. Some online activists called Suez Egypt's

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Maurushat, Alana, Chawki, Mohammed, Al-Alosi, Hadeel, and el Shazly, Yassin (2014), "The Impact of Social Networks and Mobile Technologies on the Revolutions in the Arab World—A Study of Egypt and Tunisia",

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An Egyptian governmental fact-finding commission about the revolution announced on 19 April that at least 846 Egyptians died in the nearly three-week-long uprising. One prominent Egyptian who was killed was

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Disrupting the media and communication had 2 main results: it increased the local mobilization of people and empowered radicals who influenced their surroundings, which resulted in an increase in protests.

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interview with SCAF members after the revolution, Abdul Rahman Mansour (an underground activist and media expert) was disclosed as sharing the account with Ghonim. Another online contribution was made by

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ordered a law criminalising protests and strikes which hamper work at private or public establishments. Under the new law, anyone organising such protests will be subject to imprisonment or a fine of

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was declared unconstitutional and dissolved in April by Egypt's Supreme Administrative Court, the second constituent assembly met to establish a framework for drafting a post-Mubarak constitution.

1017:. Violent clashes between security forces and protesters resulted in at least 846 people killed and over 6,000 injured. Protesters retaliated by burning over 90 police stations across the country. 5650: 1299:, was rumoured in 2000 to succeed his father as the next president of Egypt. Gamal began receiving attention from the Egyptian media, since there were apparently no other heirs to the presidency. 13925: 5537: 4588: 4374: 3420:, to replace Shafik and form a new government. Sharaf's appointment was seen as a concession to protesters, since he was actively involved in the events in Tahrir Square. Sharaf appointed former 3405:

led by Saad Ketatni, for the upcoming parliamentary election. A spokesperson said, "When we talk about the slogans of the revolution – freedom, social justice, equality – all of these are in the

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standing guard as Muslims protesting the regime pause for prayers. The Health Ministry said that at least 23 died and over 1,500 were injured since 19 November. Solidarity protests were held in

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was appointed interim president and was sworn in over the new government following Morsi's removal. Mansour had the right to issue constitutional declarations and vested executive power in the

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Opposition groups, including the Muslim Brotherhood (MB), repeated their demand that Mubarak resign; after the protests turned violent, the MB said that it was time for military intervention.

2378:: Democratically elected representatives of the People's Assembly met for the first time since Egypt's revolution, and the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces gave them legislative authority. 1564:

under Anwar Sadat and Mubarak. From 2004 to 2008 the Mubarak government pursued economic reform to attract foreign investment and increase GDP, later postponing further reforms because of the

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during the protests, and was credited with using social media to increase awareness of the protests. The role of social media in the Egyptian uprising was debated in the first edition of the

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describing attempts to discourage the protests as "unacceptable". Many countries (including the U.S., Israel, the UK and Japan) issued travel warnings or began evacuating their citizens, and

15004: 2450:: The Egyptian Supreme Constitutional Court ruled that a law passed by Parliament in May, banning former regime figures from running for office, was unconstitutional; this ended a threat to 12221: 3499:; Salem was believed to have fled to Dubai. Trials of the accused officials began on 5 March 2011, when former interior minister Habib el-Adli appeared at the Giza Criminal Court in Cairo. 3020:

continued demanding his ouster, since a vice-president and prime minister were already appointed. He told the new government to preserve subsidies, control inflation and provide more jobs.

1437:, with witnesses testifying that he was beaten to death by police – an event which galvanised Egyptians around the issue of police brutality. Authorities stated that Khaled died choking on 14587: 13516: 8194: 3995:

regime was unable to communicate a possible threat to the protestors via social media and was therefore unable to dissuade the crowds through this mean, which spread the protests further.

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and the Muslim Brotherhood. ElBaradei formed a "steering committee". On 5 February, talks began between the government and opposition groups for a transitional period before elections.

2259:: Hundreds of thousands of protesters gathered in Suez, Alexandria and Tahrir Square, demanding immediate reform and swifter prosecution of former officials from the ousted government. 2086:: The army said that it would not field a candidate in the upcoming presidential elections. Four important figures in the former regime were arrested that day: former interior minister 11248: 10424: 7898: 6372: 3906:: "Mark Zuckerberg – the new hero of the Arab people?" Amir Ali has argued that, based in part on the Egyptian revolution, social media may be an effective tool in developing nations. 3401:, an activist and law professor, accepted on television the position of deputy prime minister. The next day, the Muslim Brotherhood announced that it would form a political party, the 2031:

and opposition representatives began during continuing protests throughout the country. The Egyptian army assumed greater security responsibilities, maintaining order and guarding The

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Mubarak's resignation was followed by a series of arrests of, and travel bans on, high-profile figures on charges of causing the deaths of 300–500 demonstrators, injuring 5,000 more,

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operated as the sole political party in Egypt. Under Sadat, the multi-party system during the monarchy was reintroduced but the National Democratic Party (which evolved from Nasser’s

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prime minister. On 1 February, he said he would stay in office until the next election in September, and then leave. Mubarak promised political reform, but made no offer to resign.

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Most causes of the revolution against Mubarak—inherited power, corruption, under-development, unemployment, unfair distribution of wealth and the presence of Israel—also existed in

8067: 13323: 9586: 9171: 8786: 13494: 12781: 3367:($ 680,000) were transferred to his personal account by a businessman. The foreign minister was requested to contact European countries to freeze the other defendants' accounts. 14869: 12643: 8859: 8366: 2433:: When the Egyptian parliament met to vote for members of a constitutional assembly dozens of secular MPs walked out, accusing Islamist parties of trying to dominate the panel. 12617: 11099: 4324: 20836: 20226: 18952: 15301: 10375: 4103: 2875:

embassy in Cairo was killed on their way home from work; the following day, Azerbaijan sent a plane to evacuate citizens and opened a criminal investigation into the killing.

14633: 12590:[Mustafa Fiki: a big figure in the presidency confirmed that 'Mubarak' will not run, his son would be the alternative] (in Arabic). Almasry-alyoum.com. Archived from 9197: 4022:) were used to craft a public culture. Artists documented and captured the essence of the revolution, distributing their art through online and face-to-face social networks. 2900:. He died 16 December 2011, after he was shot in front of the cabinet building. At Effat's funeral the following day, hundreds of mourners chanted "Down with military rule". 17985: 11894: 2154:

and vote-rigging, noting rooms full of videotapes, piles of shredded and burned documents and cells in which activists recounted their experiences of detention and torture.

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Many nations, leaders and organizations hailed the end of the Mubarak regime, and celebrations were held in Tunisia and Lebanon. World leaders, including German Chancellor

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rose dramatically, due to increased control of the system necessary to sustain his presidency. The rise to power of powerful businessmen in the NDP, the government and the

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documented 567 cases of torture, including 167 deaths, by police from 1993 to 2007. Excessive force was often used by law enforcement agencies against popular uprisings.

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supported the protests. The Muslim Brotherhood, Egypt's largest opposition group, confirmed on 23 January that it would participate. Public figures, including novelist

17980: 17975: 17182: 15275: 12374: 11271: 10951: 2909: 13216: 11272:"Amnesty International Rebukes Egyptian Leaders for "Failed" Response to Protest Demands Organization Says Leaders' Efforts to Discourage Protests are "Unacceptable"" 7863: 6931: 20302: 19169: 9418: 9246:"Administrative Court Rules in Favor of Appeal Presented by Human Rights NGOs, Revokes Decree Enabling Military Intelligence and Military Police to Arrest Civilians" 9224:"Administrative Court Rules in Favor of Appeal Presented by Human Rights NGOs, Revokes Decree Enabling Military Intelligence and Military Police to Arrest Civilians" 6565: 2144:, Cairo. Protesters said that they raided the buildings to secure documents they believed prove crimes by the SSI against the people of Egypt during Mubarak's rule. 941: 14815: 13985: 13903: 1519:

is found. In late 2010, about 40 per cent of Egypt's population lived on the equivalent of roughly US$ 2 per day, with a large portion relying on subsidised goods.

17358: 14037: 11687:"Hosni Mubarak's Speech: Full Text – Egypt President Delivers TV Address to the Nation – and Pledges To Step Down at the Next Election and Pave Way for New Leader" 10339: 6498: 5330: 4536: 3844:(Arabic: حركة شباب 6 أبريل) is an Egyptian Facebook group begun in spring 2008 to support workers in El-Mahalla El-Kubra, an industrial town, who were planning to 3712:

initially enjoyed a better public reputation than the police did; the former was seen as a professional body protecting the country, and the latter was accused of

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at the Cabinet of Ministers building, killing 17. Soldiers fired live ammunition and attacked from the rooftop with Molotov cocktails, rocks and other missiles.

12665: 10549: 5806: 9074: 8313: 5268: 4514: 1660:(CPI) gave Egypt a score of 3.1 based on perceptions by business people and analysts of the degree of corruption (with 10 being clean, and 0 totally corrupt). 15018: 14837:

includes photos, videos, visual art, and oral histories contributed by student activists, academics, security officers, and demonstrators in and around Cairo.

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on Mubarak and his family. This was followed by arrest warrants, travel bans and asset freezes for other public figures, including former parliament speaker

2973: 12941: 12721: 12691: 11951: 10836: 6128: 21091: 20595: 17267: 15055: 12587: 12474: 12191: 11601: 11579: 4915: 2646:. The poll, which had a 47% turnout, and was held between 26 and 28 May 2014, resulted in a resounding victory for Sisi, who was then sworn into office as 17336: 11664: 11476: 10492: 6621: 6214: 6154: 5003: 3370:

That day, the United States announced that it would give Egypt $ 150 million in aid to help it transition towards democracy. U.S. Secretary of State

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fueled the unrest. The 6 April Movement was formed in the wake of the uprisings which fed revolutionary sentiment and helped lead to the 2011 revolution.

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Revolution in Cairo (PBS Frontline documentary about the role of the 6 April youth movement, cyberactivism and the Muslim Brotherhood in the revolution)

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Vox Populi: ongoing project by Lara Baladi which includes a series of media initiatives, art projects, publications and a portal into web based archives

12448: 11790: 11750: 11661:"Defiant Mubarak Vows To Finish Term – Violence Erupts in Alexandria Shortly After Egyptian President's Announcement That He Will Not Seek Another Term" 7776: 7391: 5855: 5533: 4976: 4580: 4366: 2427:: Political factions tentatively agreed to a deal to form a new constitutional assembly, consisting of 100 members who will draft the new constitution. 1064:

by rioters which was instigated (according to opposition sources) by plainclothes police officers. In response, watch groups were organised by civilian

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Egypt: A Nation in Waiting (Al Jazeera documentary focusing on past trends in Egypt's political history and the events which led to the revolution.)

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to keep up day by day with all of the anti-government protests which as off May 2011 are spreading rapidly through the Middle East and North Africa.

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On 29 January Mubarak indicated that he would change the government because, despite the crossing of a "point of no return", national stability and

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Ketchley, Neil (2017). Egypt in a Time of Revolution: Contentious Politics and the Arab Spring. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-18497-8.

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must prevail. He asked the government, formed only months ago, to step down and promised that a new government would be formed. Mubarak appointed

2464:: Security forces were stationed around Parliament to bar anyone, including lawmakers, from entering the chambers without official authorisation. 21133: 20989: 20637: 20495: 19693: 19688: 17754: 17207: 17190: 17159: 17154: 17149: 17144: 17139: 14591: 13652: 11841: 10469: 7339: 3471: 2095: 14979: 7361: 6693: 5188: 16482: 11301: 2067: 1523: 782: 13690:"Why Egypt's Class Conflict Is Boiling Over – Juan Cole: How Decades of Economic Stumbles Set the Stage for Egypt's Current Political Turmoil" 3058:

The government cracked down on the media, halting internet access (a primary means of opposition communication) with the help of London-based

1760:. Protesters also demanded the resignation of the Minister of Interior, an end to State corruption, the end of emergency law and presidential 1511:

The population of Egypt grew from 30,083,419 in 1966 to roughly 79,000,000 by 2008. The vast majority of Egyptians live near the banks of the

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were effectively suspended and censorship was legalised as a result. The emergency law limited non-governmental political activity, including

21395: 21295: 20957: 20822: 20468: 20295: 19700: 19162: 18376: 15359: 14385: 12292: 11576:"Mubarak Swears in New Cabinet – Egypt's President Appoints New Cabinet in an Attempt To Quell Ongoing Mass Street Protests Against His Rule" 11238: 10763: 10420: 6382: 5775: 4098: 3724:

since the 1950s have a military background. Key Egyptian military personnel include defense minister Tantawi and armed forces chief of staff

2035:. Suleiman offered reforms, while others in Mubarak's regime accused foreign nations (including the U.S.) of interfering in Egypt's affairs. 934: 15127: 14965: 14843:

includes archived versions of blogs, Twitter feeds, local and regional media coverage, and other sites related to the 25 January Revolution.

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Many political movements, opposition parties and public figures supported the day of revolt, including Youth for Justice and Freedom, the

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asking his government ministers to maintain silence and urging Israel's allies to curb their criticism of President Mubarak; however, an

2364: 1977:: The government shuts down four major ISPs at approximately 5:20 p.m. EST. disrupting Internet traffic and telephone services 1913: 835: 13315: 10098: 7819: 7801: 5933: 4004: 21380: 21243: 20913: 20772: 20752: 20424: 19540: 19294: 18002: 17970: 17241: 17169: 16445: 15449: 15134: 14478: 12785: 8867: 892: 15084:

How to Start a Revolution (A multi-award winning British documentary on nonviolent action and the Arab Spring focusing on Gene Sharp.)

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had expired. Six senior police officials were also acquitted for their role in the killing of demonstrators, due to lack of evidence.

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Hearns-Branaman, Jesse Owen (2012), 'The Egyptian Revolution did not take place: On live television coverage by Al Jazeera English',

12613: 11107: 9967: 9692: 6016: 4328: 3765:. On 19 November the military and police engaged in a continuous six-day battle with protestors in the streets of downtown Cairo and 1877: 807: 15944: 10367: 7998: 7254: 6259: 3788: 1238:(NDP) maintained one-party rule. His government received support from the West and aid from the United States by its suppression of 21390: 21315: 20804: 20288: 19155: 18843: 18234: 17248: 17091: 15939: 11015: 10641: 9201: 9122: 5860: 4128: 3358:

extending from the built-up area of Mokattam into the desert. The referendum had an unprecedented voter turnout of over 18 million.

3043:, who said he was ready to lead a transitional government, was a consensus candidate from a unified opposition, which included the 1768: 1683:. Copies of Sharp's list of 198 non-violent "weapons", translated into Arabic and not always attributed to him, were circulated in 986:. The date was set by various youth groups to coincide with the annual Egyptian "Police holiday" as a statement against increasing 927: 684: 12348: 11902: 11716: 11602:"Mubarak Orders State Subsidies – Hosni Mubarak Ordered His New PM To Preserve Subsidies, Control Inflation and Provide More Jobs" 7426: 7309: 6784: 4753: 2372:: The Institute d'Egypte caught fire during clashes between protesters and Egyptian military; thousands of rare documents burned. 21350: 21195: 21050: 20699: 20554: 20139: 18278: 18012: 17344: 17048: 16973: 15489: 15403: 15324: 12964: 10125: 9782: 8990: 5058: 4710: 3355: 2109: 1250:

by the media and some critics, due to his authoritarian rule. He was in the 30th year of his reign when the 2011 uprising began.

857: 852: 830: 13546: 7580: 6953: 5506: 1115:, as millions of Egyptians took to the streets in support of early elections. Sisi went on to become Egypt's president after an 21345: 21226: 20735: 20715: 19854: 19359: 17555: 13593: 13567: 13190: 10022: 3621:

Opinion poll which found that Egyptians supported Islamists over modernizers by an over two-to-one margin. Another journalist,

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In Egypt and other parts of the Arab world, the protests and governmental changes are also known as the 25 January Revolution (

15045: 14802: 10610: 5232: 2642:, who at this time was in control of the country, resigned from the military, announcing he would stand as a candidate in the 21113: 20972: 20617: 20483: 20067: 19080: 16177: 15398: 14773: 14720: 14701: 14174: 12758: 12504: 12021: 11992: 11553: 10983: 7619: 6473: 6449: 4138: 3171: 2619: 2390:: An administrative court suspended the 100-member constitutional assembly tasked with drafting a new Egyptian constitution. 1644:, opposition groups complained about government harassment and fraud. Opposition and citizen activists called for changes to 322: 12370: 11275: 7867: 5210: 5040: 1783:

was a major supporter of the protest, distributing 20,000 leaflets saying "I will protest on 25 January for my rights". The

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On 3 March, Prime Minister Shafiq submitted his resignation to the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces. The SCAF appointed

1680: 1641: 1384: 1191: 887: 869: 840: 316: 52: 18752: 13977: 9920: 8890: 8219: 7449: 2271:: Thousands of protesters attempted to march to the defense ministry after a speech by Muhammad Tantawi commemorating the 1645: 21248: 21023: 20757: 20527: 20090: 19919: 19606: 18563: 18303: 18189: 17113: 17073: 17008: 15752: 15501: 15369: 14812: 14130: 13893: 12243: 11638: 11499: 11378: 11047: 10518: 10331: 10129: 7557: 7509: 6895: 6490: 5883: 4666: 2643: 2508:

elected head of an Arab state, is declared the winner of the presidential election by the Egyptian electoral commission.

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to protest the SCAF's dissolution of an elected, Islamist parliament and await the outcome of the presidential election.

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Following the ousting of Tunisian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali after mass protests, many analysts (including former

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wrote that the Egyptian revolution foreshadowed a rise in religious radicalism and support for terrorism, citing a 2010

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more present and active publicly. The advent of social media also provided a tool for women to become protest leaders.

3087: 1649: 1447: 14784:"The Myth of Coup-proofing Risk and Instances of Military Coups d’état in the Middle East and North Africa, 1950–2013" 14321: 7866:. Government News from the White House and Congress – Senate/House of Representatives. 24 January 2012. Archived from 6587: 6091: 4727: 4276: 3913:

Fewer than 20 per cent of Egyptians had internet access, and the internet reached less than 40 per cent of the country

2699: 21355: 21033: 20935: 20537: 20446: 20189: 20061: 19754: 19725: 18551: 18080: 17292: 16362: 16351: 15885: 15695: 14503:'Ford, Heather. "Infoboxes and cleanup tags: Artifacts of Knowledge newsmaking". Journalism (2014): 1464884914545739. 14015: 13809: 12669: 11686: 7331: 6305: 5722: 4133: 3402: 3307: 1899: 1235: 1103:

enable the passing of the constitution. It sparked general outrage from secularists and members of the military, and

383: 329: 13864: 11152: 7010: 6807: 6644: 2530:: Mohamed Morsi took a symbolic oath of office in Tahrir Square, affirming that the people are the source of power. 21096: 21081: 21045: 20600: 20585: 20549: 20152: 19924: 19415: 19410: 19265: 19250: 18684: 18347: 18070: 17302: 17297: 17287: 17277: 16673: 16392: 16372: 16367: 16243: 16238: 15959: 15086: 13401: 13107: 12079: 8689: 5632: 4072: 3792: 3063: 1596: 458: 14948: 14063: 13168: 11208: 10673: 10207: 7554:"Tens of thousands in Tahrir as some threaten to extend protests | Al-Masry Al-Youm: Today's News from Egypt" 4850: 4775: 2384:: Field Marshal Tantawi said that the decades-old state of emergency would be partially lifted the following day. 21400: 21375: 21360: 21325: 21231: 20853: 20740: 20344: 20318: 19931: 19903: 19205: 19043: 19011: 18764: 18490: 17900: 17620: 17476: 17453: 17403: 17307: 17118: 16492: 16357: 16283: 16263: 16213: 15982: 15791: 15415: 15217: 14987: 14551:

Hassanpour, Navid (2014). "Media Disruption and Revolutionary Unrest: Evidence From Mubarak's Quasi-Experiment".

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Aziz, Muhammad Abdul and Hussein, Youssef (2002) "The President, the Son, and the Military: Succession in Egypt"

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on 14 August that year by security forces, leading to at least 904 civilian deaths and 8 police officers killed.

2553: 2297:: Tens of thousands of people protested in Suez, Alexandria and Cairo; however, Islamist protesters were absent. 2056: 1826:) said that it would not participate, and the Coptic Church urged Christians not to participate in the protests. 1776: 787: 745: 739: 44: 17481: 15425: 15059: 14516:

Hassanpour, Navid (2014). "Media Disruption and Revolutionary Unrest:Evidence From Mubarak's Quasi-Experiment".

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Unveiling the Revolutionaries: Cyberactivism and the Role of Women in the Arab Uprisings (Report). 17 May 2012.

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slowed Egypt's GDP growth to 4.5 per cent in 2009. In 2010, analysts said that the government of Prime Minister

1108: 802: 21221: 21216: 21138: 20730: 20725: 20642: 20015: 20004: 19914: 18612: 18406: 18369: 17517: 17083: 17078: 17033: 15474: 14362: 11660: 11605: 7192: 7057: 6613: 6222: 6150: 4999: 4422: 3421: 1881: 1258: 11812: 11780: 9993: 6859: 4946: 21385: 21263: 20232: 19653: 19366: 19353: 18899: 18694: 18100: 17625: 17608: 17428: 17418: 17038: 16843: 16648: 16507: 16397: 16298: 16197: 15494: 15408: 15201: 14198:"The Power of Social Media in Developing Nations: New Tools for Closing the Global Digital Divide and Beyond" 14091:"The Power of Social Media in Developing Nations: New Tools for Closing the Global Digital Divide and Beyond" 13371: 12557: 12444: 4968: 4166: 4067: 3800: 3416:, a former transportation minister and a vocal critic of the regime following his resignation after the 2006 2933: 2711: 2630: 2521: 1727: 1702: 1426: 1243: 792: 453: 312: 18811: 15026: 14846: 14783: 9747: 8518: 8495: 7395: 6257: 6042: 4881: 4554: 4396: 3680:

elsewhere. Among those who died was Sally Zahran, who was beaten to death during one of the demonstrations.

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Abaza, Mona (9 October 2012). "Walls, Segregating Downtown Cairo and the Mohammed Mahmud Street Graffiti".

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parliamentarian supported the protests. Solidarity demonstrations for the protesters were held worldwide.

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Tahrir Square memorial made by demonstrators in honour of those who died during the protests, regarded as

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On 31 January, Mubarak swore in his new cabinet in the hope that the unrest would fade. Protesters in

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Man holding a poster reading "Facebook, #jan25, The Egyptian Social Network" during the 2011 protests

2941: 2287:: Hundreds of protesters gathered and prayed in Tahrir Square before they were attacked by soldiers. 1453:

During the January–February 2011 protests, police brutality was common. Jack Shenker, a reporter for

1234:) remained dominant in Egypt’s politics and there were restrictions on opposition parties. Mubarak's 14131:"Sharif Abdel Kouddous Transitions from Democracy Now! Senior Producer to Middle East Correspondent" 11328: 11297: 8421: 5352: 3382:(a senior White House adviser on international economics) would travel to Egypt the following week. 1265:. A new cause of the 2011 revolution was the increase in population, which aggravated unemployment. 21273: 21258: 21190: 21166: 21038: 21006: 20782: 20767: 20694: 20670: 20542: 20510: 20134: 20009: 19499: 19468: 19075: 19055: 18863: 18689: 18485: 18473: 18310: 18288: 17955: 17846: 17805: 17681: 17676: 17642: 17603: 17413: 17393: 16998: 16763: 16588: 16563: 16223: 15529: 15194: 13083: 13049: 11129: 10818:"Prosecutor General's Office Files Lawsuit on Murder of Accountant of Azerbaijani Embassy in Egypt" 6525: 5960: 5767: 4155: 4108: 2979: 2920: 2893: 2537: 2350: 1927: 1772: 1397: 1254: 399: 14925: 12902: 12284: 21185: 20918: 20689: 20429: 20129: 19865: 19666: 19517: 19494: 19420: 19283: 19255: 18984: 18607: 18342: 18194: 18167: 18152: 18147: 17883: 17783: 17507: 17374: 16930: 16853: 16733: 16623: 16502: 16467: 16417: 15781: 15709: 15583: 14969: 12838: 11083: 10740: 10515:"Sinai Bedouins support the #Jan25 Revolution بدو سيناء يعلنون تأييدهم للثورة المصرية " 3arabawy" 10278: 9809: 7469: 5294: 4118: 3823: 3642: 3566: 3451: 2715: 2281:: Egyptian soldiers clashed with protesters, tearing down tents. Sixty-six people were arrested. 2099: 1870: 1600: 1379: 1218:

in 1981. He inherited an authoritarian system from Sadat which was imposed in 1952 following the

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Critics who downplay the influence of social networking on the Arab Spring cite several points:

21335: 21330: 20947: 20930: 20906: 20458: 20441: 20417: 19842: 19660: 19449: 19136: 19065: 18994: 18816: 18784: 18478: 18416: 18411: 18125: 17590: 17522: 17512: 17466: 17053: 16978: 16950: 16808: 16748: 16407: 16337: 16253: 16248: 16218: 15949: 15534: 15351: 15341: 15103: 14992: 14212: 14105: 13367: 13213:"Tuesday's papers: Funeral for martyr journalist, Ghoneim release, al-Adli under investigation" 7492:"Fire sweeps Egypt's Interior Ministry building as police protest outside to demand higher pay" 6318:"Central Agency for Population Mobilisation and Statistics — Population Clock (July 2008)" 5560: 4161: 3856: 3841: 3787:

Foreign governments in the West (including the U.S.) regarded Mubarak as an important ally and

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which followed the 2011 resignation of Hosni Mubarak, on 4 July 2013, a civilian senior jurist

2418: 2302: 2166:: Portions of the Interior Ministry building caught fire during police demonstrations outside. 2137: 1971:: Civil unrest in Suez and other areas throughout the country. Police arrested many activists. 1796: 1780: 1371: 1353: 1343: 972: 432: 339: 247: 154: 12748: 7078: 6996: 6404: 21071: 20940: 20575: 20451: 19794: 19371: 19070: 18962: 18932: 18821: 18801: 18747: 18659: 18298: 18256: 18251: 18229: 18037: 18027: 17812: 17691: 17659: 17541: 16945: 16920: 16708: 16683: 15974: 15539: 14482: 13666: 13290: 12497:"Egypt: Hosni Mubarak and sons to be tried over deaths and should be killed for their crimes" 10398: 7823: 7805: 6974: 5832: 5489: 3769:, killing nearly 40 and injuring over 2,000. On 16 December 2011 military forces dispersed a 3709: 3574: 3570: 3562: 3506:, one of Egypt's best-known political prisoners, was freed after 30 years. Founder and first 3492: 3417: 2937: 2865:

Hassan, Mohammed Ashour Sorour and Ahmed Hashim al-Sayyed, who later died from his injuries.

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and urged people not to be afraid. The Facebook group for the event attracted 80,000 people.

1788: 1486: 1361: 1041: 447: 393: 15138: 13799: 9613:"Violence breaks out across Egypt as protesters decry Mohamed Morsi's constitutional 'coup'" 7468:(in Arabic). اللجنة القضائية العليا للإشراف علي استفتاء تعديل الدستور المصري. Archived from 7097: 5937: 5828: 5378: 1537: 1311:, sparked debate in the Egyptian press about the prospects for a similar scenario in Cairo. 1098:

took power in Egypt through a series of popular elections, with Egyptians electing Islamist

20183: 20123: 19836: 18937: 18887: 18757: 17861: 17851: 17438: 17325: 16573: 16547: 16163: 15096: 14996: 14873: 13517:"Egypt: Admission of forced 'virginity tests' must lead to justice – Amnesty International" 13345: 13194: 12318: 11351: 9696: 8021: 7171: 4237: 4113: 4077: 3728:. The Egyptian military numbers about 468,500 active personnel, plus a reserve of 479,000. 3716:

and lawless violence. However, when the SCAF cracked down on protesters after becoming the

3582: 3578: 2635: 2136:(SSI) buildings across Egypt were raided by protesters, including the headquarters for the 1942: 1784: 1112: 994:'s presidency. It consisted of demonstrations, marches, occupations of plazas, non-violent 204: 164: 14913: 10923:"Egypt Unrest Claimed About 300 Lives – UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay" 8630:"Egypt's presidential candidates declare victory, but military generals assert vast power" 7229:"Egypt protests: camel and horse riders who invaded Tahrir Square say they are 'good men'" 6020: 6017:"Arab countries' secret police forces have a reputation for torture and arbitrary arrests" 3979:

social media, therefore these people are then more likely to also engage in civil unrest.

3647:

Early on New Year's Day 2011 a bomb exploded in front of an Alexandria church, killing 23

2575:"), and led to violent protests throughout the country. Protesters again erected tents in 2317:: Clashes erupted as demonstrators reoccupied Tahrir Square. Central Security Forces used 2245:

27 May ("Second Friday of Anger", "Second Revolution of Anger" or "The Second Revolution")

8: 21340: 21066: 20881: 20570: 20403: 20147: 19523: 19323: 19245: 19048: 19028: 18848: 18796: 18791: 18730: 18632: 18315: 18246: 18241: 17960: 17664: 17398: 16935: 16868: 16823: 16713: 16293: 16268: 16233: 14863: 14851: 14152: 9617: 6978: 6266: 3831: 3713: 3594: 3586: 3522: 3459: 3062:. Journalists were harassed by supporters of the regime, eliciting condemnation from the 2897: 2843: 1958:

Celebrating the announcement of Hosni Mubarak's resignation in Tahrir Square, 11 February

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in 2005; many people age 30 and younger, despite education, have difficulty finding work.

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Revolutions Without Revolutionaries? Social Media Networks and Regime Response in Egypt

14568: 14533: 13135: 13088: 10157: 9839: 7061: 6409: 4087: 4082: 3938: 3808: 3721: 3546: 3267: 2923: 2848:'martyrs'). The photo captions attribute most of the deaths to police violence. 2647: 2346: 2198: 1816: 1629:; former minister of trade and industry Rashid Mohamed Rashid is estimated to be worth 1557: 1515:, in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi) where the only 1504: 1349: 1273: 1211: 1095: 1011: 999: 902: 494: 437: 237: 60: 13022: 12972: 8994: 8471:"Egypt's high court calls for dissolution of parliament, raising new transition fears" 21018: 21001: 20901: 20522: 20505: 20412: 20269: 20113: 19783: 19642: 19577: 19112: 19006: 18806: 18713: 18664: 18617: 18602: 18517: 18433: 18320: 18218: 18199: 18032: 17706: 17701: 17632: 17615: 17598: 16878: 16818: 16658: 16303: 16008: 15894: 15868: 15805: 15678: 15464: 14769: 14716: 14697: 14691: 14572: 14537: 14459: 13646: 13294: 13057: 12875: 12754: 11988: 11737:

Mubarak must step down. It is time for the military to intervene and save the country

10796:"Ambassador: Embassy will continue providing necessary help to Azerbaijanis in Egypt" 10463: 10103: 9100:"Muslim Brotherhood's Morsi urges 'unity' in first speech as Egypt's president-elect" 7262: 6992: 6469: 6445: 6301: 6258:

Democracy Reporting International and Egyptian Organization for Human Rights (2007).

5718: 5708: 5433: 5405: 3096: 3040: 2568: 2151: 1812: 1617:; the wealth of former housing minister Ahmed al-Maghraby was estimated at more than 1569: 1443: 1239: 1029: 1025: 1020:

The Egyptian protesters' grievances focused on legal and political issues, including

600: 588: 562: 19958: 19147: 18868: 14295: 12588:"مصطفى الفقى: شخصية كبيرة فى الرئاسة أكدت لى أن "مبارك" لن يترشح وابنه سيكون البديل" 8422:"Some cry 'coup' as Egypt's highest court annuls parliament, military extends power" 7642:"Hundreds of thousands revitalise Egypt'sEgypt's revolution on Determination Friday" 7255:"Google's Wael Ghonim is missing in Egypt; company asks public for help finding him" 3665: 3104: 21143: 20952: 20814: 20647: 20463: 20217: 20117: 19909: 19612: 19216: 18967: 18924: 18894: 18742: 18524: 18453: 18395: 18110: 18105: 18085: 18007: 17822: 17723: 17654: 17637: 17578: 17471: 17433: 16888: 16793: 16768: 16723: 16688: 16527: 16457: 16288: 16058: 15760: 15724: 15511: 15459: 15287: 15073: 14560: 14525: 14447: 12496: 11517: 11042: 9711:"Anti-Morsi protesters occupy Tahrir in preparation for 30 June – Daily News Egypt" 9571: 6346: 6260:"Final Report: Assessment of the Electoral Framework in the Arab Republic of Egypt" 5242: 4298: 4093: 3488: 3455: 2794:

and nearly 100,000 people protested in and around local-government headquarters in

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broke out against his rule on 28 June 2013. On 3 July 2013, Morsi was deposed by a

1080: 1021: 995: 987: 777: 550: 242: 199: 149: 18779: 12214:"Egypt recognizes moderate Islamic party, promises to release political prisoners" 10990: 3074:, sold the Mubarak government surveillance equipment to help identify dissidents. 2571:(who said that he had "usurped all state powers and appointed himself Egypt's new 1934: 1708:) saw Egypt as the next country where such a revolution might occur. According to 20168: 19976: 19600: 19444: 18957: 18774: 18725: 18627: 18443: 18179: 18162: 17793: 17718: 16968: 16925: 16863: 16833: 16803: 16773: 16703: 15914: 15909: 15766: 15519: 15110: 15090: 15008: 14983: 14819: 14731: 14564: 14529: 13574: 11629:"NDP Official: President To Run for 6th Term; Gamal Mubarak Candidacy 'Delusory'" 10099:"Lara Logan breaks her silence on '60 Minutes': 'They raped me with their hands'" 9444:"Update: Egypt won't reverse says Morsi, vowing to support Palestinians, Syrians" 9373: 9245: 7749:"Death toll rises in Egypt Christian clashes as tension continues — CNN.com" 5473: 5237: 4445: 4053: 3983: 3745: 3725: 3633:

wanted to secede from the rest of the country to improve its standard of living.

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By 29 January, 2,000 people were confirmed injured. That day, an employee of the

2861: 2834: 2812: 2807: 2798:. Over 100,000 protesters gathered on 27 January in front of the city council in 2727: 2275:, but are met with counter-insurgents with sticks, stones and Molotov cocktails. 2032: 1736: 1565: 1411: 1300: 1262: 1044:

added to the pressure on government officials. During the uprising, the capital,

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Dignity in the Egyptian Revolution: Protest and Demand during the Arab Uprisings

10795: 8393:"Egypt's military given power to detain civilians days before presidential vote" 7705:"Reconstructing Maspero's Bloody Sunday: An Ahram Online investigation – Part 2" 7215:

This is what they tell US: The US Printing Press on the 2011 Revolution in Egypt

5990: 5685: 4450: 1499: 20876: 20398: 20096: 19829: 19824: 19636: 19630: 19618: 19562: 19106: 19060: 18914: 18853: 18637: 18438: 17950: 17878: 17737: 17671: 16940: 16838: 16828: 16788: 16753: 16643: 16593: 16477: 16023: 16013: 15904: 15899: 15862: 15799: 15672: 14752: 14236: 11633: 10817: 10768: 7891:"US lauds Egypt's steps toward democracy ahead of anniversary of mass protests" 7045: 6926: 6890: 6096: 5799:"Egyptian Elections: Independents Fight for Hearts and Minds in 'Fixed Ballot'" 4711:

Egyptian-American leaders call for U.S. support of 'Lotus Revolution' – CNN.com

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expressed concern about the protests and the heavy-handed state response, with

2354: 2178: 2024: 1835: 1800: 1612: 1586: 1561: 1418:)—plainclothes police—by the NDP was a hallmark of the Mubarak government. The 1325:

constitution to make sure that Gamal will be the only unchallenged candidate."

1308: 1007: 624: 15186: 12247: 11628: 11037: 10514: 10447: 9565: 7663: 7553: 7513: 6885: 6284: 4662: 1954: 21309: 20996: 20500: 20254: 20055: 20037: 19993: 19885: 19648: 19624: 18989: 18977: 18972: 18652: 17742: 16893: 16883: 16873: 16718: 16668: 16663: 16613: 16578: 16382: 16144: 16124: 15969: 15919: 15858: 15841: 15835: 15729: 15704: 15684: 15662: 15635: 15573: 15381: 15246: 15012: 14463: 13284: 13282: 13163: 13061: 11410:"Hillary Clinton Egypt Trip Marks Highest Level Visit Since Mubarak's Ouster" 10242: 8220:"Protesters rally after Egypt's Hosni Mubarak is sentenced to life in prison" 7266: 6077: 5614: 4880:

Fleishman, Jeffrey and Edmund Sanders (Los Angeles Times) (29 January 2011).

4824:"Trade unions: the revolutionary social network at play in Egypt and Tunisia" 4637:"Activists on Facebook: the military killed 99 and wounded 2702 in 10 months" 4143: 3903: 3899: 3866: 3496: 3484: 3467: 3425: 3320:

15. Arrest, interrogation and trial of Hosni Mubarak and his sons, Gamal and

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As of 30 January, Al Jazeera reported as many as 150 deaths in the protests.

2823: 2779: 2688: 2684: 2576: 2501: 2487: 2413: 2194: 2190: 2087: 1994: 1947: 1830: 1684: 1366: 1296: 1288: 1207: 1200: 1099: 1014: 1003: 991: 658: 612: 538: 488: 349: 267: 222: 127: 114: 66: 15154: 14634:"For Egypt's Graffiti Artists Revolution Brings Inspiration and Uncertainty" 13543:"Video: Tahrir Square Egypt Army Attack Protesters 8/9 April 2011 (Youtube)" 10573:"Self-Immolation Spreads Across the Mideast, Inspiring Protest, Controversy" 9144: 8763: 4882:"Unease in Egypt as police replaced by army, neighbors band against looters" 3385:

On 19 February a moderate Islamic party which had been banned for 15 years,

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on the Sinai Peninsula, large protests took place in the southern cities of

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To prepare for the possible overthrow of Mubarak, opposition groups studied

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documenting Egypt's 25 Jan revolution with thousands of videos & photos

14007: 13456:"WikiLeaks cables: Egyptian military head is 'old and resistant to change'" 12074: 11751:"ElBaradei Back in Egypt; Says It's Time for a New Government: The Two-Way" 7015: 4723: 4039: 3954: 3872: 3676: 3480: 3447: 3413: 3379: 3346: 3321: 3252:

10. Investigation of officials responsible for violence against protesters

2987: 2927: 2791: 2615: 2451: 2206: 2123: 2119: 1839: 1705: 1527: 1455: 1084: 526: 299: 189: 184: 174: 14834: 13279: 11439: 11130:"Travel warning issued, evacuation to start as protests continue in Egypt" 9269:"Egypt's constituent assembly convenes Tuesday with future still in doubt" 8860:"Egypt Elections: Key Events Timeline in Egyptian Uprising And Transition" 8816:"Egypt Supreme Court blocks arrest powers for military, hailed by experts" 6235: 5739: 2013:, was reported missing and the company asked the public to help find him. 1752:

Opposition groups planned a day of revolt for 25 January, coinciding with

20365: 20264: 20259: 19809: 19583: 19338: 18135: 17866: 17856: 17649: 16693: 16638: 16628: 16377: 16186: 16139: 16109: 16099: 16074: 16043: 15658: 15231: 15227: 14840: 10704: 9946:"Egypt's El-Sisi bids military farewell, says he will run for presidency" 8195:"Hosni Mubarak sentenced to life for complicity in killing of protesters" 8022:"Egypt's army chief lifts emergency law on eve of revolution anniversary" 7727:"BBC News — Cairo clashes leave 24 dead after Coptic church protest" 7083: 7074: 6196: 4149: 3861: 3630: 3540: 2880: 2759: 2674:

Video of an anti-Mubarak demonstration in Tahrir Square, 30 January 2011

2611: 1843: 1573: 1531: 1516: 1494: 1357: 1269: 1223: 1196: 636: 295: 194: 48: 15083: 14870:

Egypt Elections: Key Events Timeline In Egyptian Uprising And Transition

14745: 13777: 10238:"Reports of 'Massacre' in Suez as Protests in Egypt Move into Third day" 9968:"Former army chief scores landslide victory in Egypt presidential polls" 9323:"Egyptian President-elect Mohamed Morsi defiant on eve of taking office" 6839:"Self-immolation cases in Egypt and Mauritania follow Tunisian incident" 5884:"US reported 'routine' police brutality in Egypt, WikiLeaks cables show" 4047: 2795: 2160:: The constitutional referendum passed with 77.27 per cent of the vote. 1425:

On 6 June 2010, a twenty-eight-year-old Egyptian, Khaled Mohamed Saeed,

19880: 18184: 18142: 17408: 17066: 16813: 16598: 16104: 16048: 16033: 15606: 15598: 15128:

An important analysis of the Egyptian revolution and counter-revolution

15030: 15027:"University on the Square: Documenting Egypt's 21st Century Revolution" 14766:

Egypt after Mubarak: Liberalism, Islam, and Democracy in the Arab World

14067: 13898: 11786: 11782:الجيش يدفع بتعزيزات اضافية وطائرات حربية تحلق فوق المتظاهرين في القاهرة 10984:"Fact-Finding National Commission About 25 Jan Revolution Final Report" 7679:"Reconstructing Maspero's Bloody Sunday: An Ahram Online investigation" 6438:

Egypt after Mubarak: Liberalism, Islam, and Democracy in the Arab World

5829:"Egypt: Keep Promise to Free Detainees by End of June: Joint Statement" 5265:"Egyptian-American leaders call for U.S. support of 'Lotus Revolution'" 4690:"Egypt's army fails to grasp the post-Mubarak realities – The National" 4233: 4011: 3928:

Social-networking sites did not involve non-activists in the revolution

3888:

Egyptian celebrities and political figures abroad to fan the protests.

3804: 3766: 3590: 2945: 2889: 2872: 2731: 2707: 2680: 2338: 1884: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1804: 1792: 1761: 1669: 1633:, and former interior minister Habib al-Adly was estimated to be worth 1460: 1434: 1430: 1056:, which the police and military could not enforce in any case. Egypt's 169: 14660:"The Social Impulse: Politics, Media and Art After the Arab Uprisings" 10045:"Egypt Unrest and Protests Continue as Police Return to Cairo Streets" 7079:"Egypt: The Viral Vlog of Asmaa Mahfouz That Helped Spark an Uprising" 5648: 3704:

One of two army vehicles burnt during the army attacks on 9 April 2011

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Trials and judicial hearings following the Egyptian Revolution of 2011

19023: 18495: 16119: 15161: 13579: 10213: 7864:"Statement by the Press Secretary on Egypt's Transition to Democracy" 5952: 4367:"Egypt's military moves to dissolve parliament, suspend constitution" 4275:. South Africa. Agence France-Presse. 27 January 2011. Archived from 3958: 3470:, former housing minister Ahmed El-Maghrabi, former tourism minister 2141: 1808: 1407: 1272:

neglected the modernisation of Egypt in contrast to his predecessor,

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saw frequent violent clashes. Protesters defied a government-imposed

1033: 179: 13630: 9172:"Mohammed Morsi, New Egyptian President, Says He Wants Unity, Peace" 6922:"Activists Hope 25 January Protest Will Be Start of 'Something Big'" 6720:"Tunisia's revolution should be a wake-up call to Mideast autocrats" 6350: 4302: 3916:

Social-networking sites were generally unpopular in the Middle East,

3853:

features intense and heated discussions, and is frequently updated.

3731: 1859: 1530:), a basic problem in Egypt is unemployment driven by a demographic 1087:, would serve as a caretaker government until a new one was formed. 757: 19706: 19427: 19179: 17696: 16905: 16322: 14693:

Inside Egypt: The Land of the Pharaohs on the Brink of a Revolution

14314:"Businessweek – Business News, Stock market & Financial Advice" 14008:"Mubarak Shut Down The Internet, And The Internet Paid Him in Kind" 13956:"The Realist Prism: Politics vs. Social Media in the Arab Uprising" 13804: 13694: 13198: 12055: 11444: 11212: 9736:[UPDATE] Morsi supporters rally in Cairo; opponents plan sit-in 7664:"Military police's latest Tahrir clampdown reignites popular anger" 5744: 5211:"Egypt: The Bread and Freedom Revolution |A Global Revolution" 3943: 3736: 3351: 3059: 2803: 2783: 2739: 2505: 2318: 2150:: From the Nasr City headquarters, protesters acquired evidence of 1603: 1036:

and low wages. The protesters' primary demands were the end of the

15175: 14336:"Tunisia: Can We Please Stop Talking About 'Twitter Revolutions'?" 13372:"All Eyes on Egypt's Military as Hosni Mubarak Fortifies Position" 12371:"Egypte: le Premier ministre remplacé, satisfaction des opposants" 11469:"Choice of Suleiman Likely to Please the Military, Not the Crowds" 10893:"Egypt: Rights Advocates Report Protest Death Toll as High as 300" 7142:"How Egypt did (and your government could) shut down the Internet" 4640: 4201:. France 24. Agence France-Presse. 25 January 2011. Archived from 2856:

Graffiti at Tahrir Square, commemorating martyrs of the revolution

335:

Arrest and prosecution of Mubarak, his family and former ministers

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National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces

15992: 14888: 12999: 12397:"Meet Essam Sharaf: Egypt's first post-revolution Prime Minister" 11243: 11072:

Senior al-Azhar Sheikh Emad Effat shot dead during Cairo protests

10956: 10700: 9868:"Health Ministry raises death toll of Wednesday's clashes to 638" 8445:"New Political Showdown in Egypt as Court Invalidates Parliament" 8419: 8367:"Egypt's Ruling Generals Soften Tone as Islamist Wins Presidency" 7098:"Asmaaa Mahfouz, a Woman Behind Egypt's Pro-Democracy Revolution" 6750:"After Tunisia: Why Egypt Isn't Ready to Have Its Own Revolution" 6694:"Prodi Says Egypt to Be Monitored After Tunisia, Messaggero Says" 6019:. D+C 2011/03 – International Journal. March 2011. Archived from 5159:"The Simplest Explanation of Egypt's Revolution You'll Ever Read" 3895: 2799: 2735: 2718:

on 1 January, which sparked protests against the Mubarak regime.

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After the revolution against Mubarak and a period of rule by the

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On 11 February 2011, Vice President Omar Suleiman announced that

1061: 1037: 13128: 9198:"In Egypt, the Court revoked the right of military arrest civil" 8965:"Egyptians crowd Tahrir Square calling for end of military rule" 8888: 5137:"Morsi ousted, under house arrest, as crowds celebrate in Cairo" 5059:"Muslim Brotherhood's Mohamed Morsi declared president of Egypt" 3363:

accounts of Adli and his family following accusations that over

2610:

the President of Egypt was overthrown. Unlike the imposition of

2567:

Morsi's declaration was criticised by Constitution Party leader

2061: 1556:

Egypt's economy was highly centralised during the presidency of

1480: 1284: 663: 17728: 17686: 17533: 16532: 16342: 15954: 14847:

Middle East and North Africa in turmoil – Tracking the Protests

14806: 13316:"NASA rocket to bear name of Egyptian woman killed in protests" 12127:"The Most Powerful Weapon of Egypt's Ruling Generals: State TV" 11895:"Vodafone confirms role in Egypt's cellular, Internet blackout" 8715:"English text of SCAF amended Egypt Constitutional Declaration" 8660:"Egyptian military holds on to power despite presidential vote" 8121:"State of emergency ends, military council says will not renew" 5958: 5710:

American Hegemony: Preventive War, Iraq, and Imposing Democracy

5651:"Egypt and The Impact of 27 years of Emergency on Human Rights" 4849:

Siddique, Haroon; Owen, Paul; Gabbatt, Adam (25 January 2011).

3796: 3770: 3585:

witnessed major protests, and minor demonstrations occurred in

3406: 3108:

Shredded documents at the State Security Investigations Service

3071: 3052: 2829: 2775: 2629:

On 18 January 2014, the interim government institutionalised a

2234: 2226: 1677: 1053: 442: 16155: 13433:"In Egypt, Inclusive Democracy is no Longer just a Suggestion" 11298:"Foreign governments, businesses begin evacuations from Egypt" 10764:"Azerbaijani Embassy Worker Shot Dead in Egypt, Ministry Says" 9320: 9046: 8314:"Egypt Reimposes Martial Law, Ahead of Closely Watched Ruling" 7974:"Egypt's military lifts emergency law – with one big loophole" 7170:[Watch: Virtual Tour revolution centers] (in Hebrew). 6562:"Obama optimistic about Egypt as negotiators make concessions" 6236:

U.S. Department of State, Embassy of Egypt (28 January 2011).

5558: 5291:"Business News » Investors See White Revolution in Egypt" 4851:"Protests in Egypt and unrest in Middle East – as it happened" 4104:

Muslim Brotherhood in post-Mubarak electoral politics of Egypt

3969: 1079:(SCAF). The military junta, headed by effective head of state 17759: 17564: 17369: 15565: 12244:"Muslim Brotherhood to establish 'Freedom and Justice Party'" 11524: 9349:"Morsi Says He Will Work for Release of Sheik Jailed in U.S." 9015: 8247:"For Mubarak, once Egypt's strongman, a long fall from grace" 6915: 6913: 6300:

The British Oxford Economic Atlas of the World, 4th edition.

3919:

Such sites were not sufficiently private to evade authorities

3720:

ruler of Egypt the military's popularity decreased. All four

3648: 3428:

foreign minister and Mansour El Essawi as interior minister.

2787: 2771: 2743: 2238: 2230: 2020: 1673: 1304: 1045: 983: 915: 654: 631: 619: 607: 595: 583: 545: 533: 521: 509: 421: 372: 332:(former ruling party) and transfer of its assets to the state 105: 13568:

The "Maspero Crime": Accounts Against the Counter-Revolution

10952:"UN Human Rights Chief: 300 Reported Dead in Egypt Protests" 10733:"Update 1-Death Toll in Egypt's Protests Tops 100 – Sources" 9451: 8600:. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Archived from 8068:"Court Flips Egypt's Timetable: Election, Then Constitution" 3922:

Many people did not trust social networking as a news source

3894:

journalist Sharif Abdel Kouddous provided live coverage and

3521:

On 24 May, Mubarak was ordered to stand trial on charges of

2307:: Late in the evening of 9 October, during a protest in the 20313: 18172: 14753:"Core to Commonplace: The Evolution of Egypt's Blogosphere" 13612:"Tahrir Square rally denounces violence against protesters" 13319: 9475:"Army hands over power to Egypt's first Islamist president" 9169: 8787:"After Victory, Egypt Islamists Seek to Challenge Military" 6643:

Kirkpatrick, David D.; David E. Sanger (13 February 2011).

6178:"Bloody and Bruised: The Journalist Caught in Egypt Unrest" 6070:"Anger in Alexandria: 'We're Afraid of Our Own Government'" 5084:

Kirkpatrick, David D.; Sheikh, Mayy El (22 November 2012).

4724:"شيحة: مكاتب الصحة وثقت سقوط 840 شهيداً خلال ثورة 25 يناير" 3685: 3681: 3550: 3507: 3001: 2754: 2342: 1512: 1049: 257: 14277:"Iran's 'Twitter revolution' was exaggerated, says editor" 9501:"Morsi Is Sworn In, Marking a New Stage in Egypt Struggle" 9472: 8627: 8598:"The Constitutional Declaration (with 17 June 2012 Annex)" 8468: 8192: 7921:"U.S. praises Egypt's decision to lift state of emergency" 6910: 6675:"Gene Sharp: Author of the nonviolent revolution rulebook" 6642: 3295:

13. Announcing demands on government television and radio

2910:

International reactions to the Egyptian revolution of 2011

2027:

in Tahrir Square. Negotiations by Egyptian Vice President

1378:

could gain power in Egypt if the government did not forge

1360:

before being lifted in 1980. Police powers were extended,

1329:

no appointed vice-president, Gamal was considered Egypt's

14882: 14237:

Africa Internet Usage, Facebook and Population Statistics

12285:"Muslim Brotherhood sits at Egypt's new democratic table" 11754: 11239:"Israel Urges World To Curb Criticism of Egypt's Mubarak" 10399:"3 dead after thousands protest in rare Egypt outpouring" 10153:"Arrests and Attacks on Women Covering Protests in Cairo" 9667:"Clashes Break Out After Morsi Seizes New Power in Egypt" 9075:"For Islamists in Egypt, Morsi Victory Is a Symbolic Win" 8045:"Egypt's ruling generals to partially lift emergency law" 7947:"Egypt's ruling generals to partially lift emergency law" 7616:"Thousands of Egyptians protest against police brutality" 7020: 6886:"Muslim Brotherhood To Participate in 25 January Protest" 6092:"Two Witnesses Affirm Alexandria Victim Beaten by Police" 5507:"Egyptians abroad speak out against inheritance of power" 3618: 3284:

12. Reimbursing shop owners for losses during the curfew

2948:

employees. Many university students were also evacuated.

2778:, tens of thousands of protesters took to the streets of 1715: 1526:

and other proponents of demographic structural approach (

13084:"Clashes Grow as Egyptians Remain Angry After an Attack" 12558:"Mubarak family fortune could reach $ 70bn, say experts" 12149:"Mubarak sentenced to jail for life over protest deaths" 11552:(in Arabic). Al Jazeera. 27 January 2011. Archived from 10609:(in Arabic). Al Jazeera. 17 January 2011. Archived from 10485:"Protests Swell in Rejection of Egypt"s Limited Reforms" 10208:"Mother from St. Albans Speaks to the Review from Egypt" 9748:

Egypt opposition calls for early elections – Middle East

9200:. European news in English. 26 June 2012. Archived from 7777:"Egypt Clashes Enter 3rd Day as Military Faces Pressure" 7419:"Egyptians demand secret police give up torture secrets" 6351:"Egyptian Revolution: A Demographic Structural Analysis" 4303:"Egyptian Revolution: A Demographic Structural Analysis" 2594: 2233:

Christian churches in the working-class neighborhood of

2118:: A day before large protests against him were planned, 1672:'s work on nonviolent action and worked with leaders of 1610:

The wealth of former NDP secretary Ezz was estimated at

1356:. A previous state of emergency was enacted in the 1967 14828: 12315:"Muslim Brothers see corruption-free Egypt flourishing" 10859:"Egypt Crisis: Country Braced for 'March of a Million'" 10665:موظف بـ'مصر للطيران' يهدد بحرق نفسه أمام نقابة الصحفيين 10542:"Sharm El-Sheikh's Tourists Talking About a Revolution" 8169:"New Turmoil in Egypt Greets Mixed Verdict for Mubarak" 6373:"The long-term economic challenges Egypt must overcome" 4501: 4499: 2444:

in jail for that long according to state-run Egy News.

1599:

led to public anger during the Ahmed Nazif government.

15180:

Collected from demonstrations in Cairo's Tahrir Square

14446:

Eltantawy, Nahed; Wiest, Julie B. (2 September 2011).

13594:"Egypt's generals defy Tahrir protests over elections" 13106:. Agence France-Presse. 2 January 2011. Archived from 11926:"Egypt Shut Down Its Net With a Series of Phone Calls" 11153:"Factbox: International Reaction to Egyptian Protests" 10634:"Egyptians Set Themselves Ablaze After Tunisia Unrest" 10332:"As Egypt Protest Swells, U.S. Sends Specific Demands" 9835:"Egypt: Rabaa Killings Likely Crimes against Humanity" 8940: 8737:"Egypt's army vows to hand power to elected president" 7116:"Egypt Shut Down Its Net With a Series of Phone Calls" 6808:"Egyptians set themselves ablaze after Tunisia unrest" 5649:

Egyptian Organisation for Human Rights (28 May 2008).

5559:

Michael Slackman; Mona el-Naggar (20 September 2006).

1731:

A protester holding an Egyptian flag, 8 September 2011

1475: 1352:

since the assassination of Sadat in 1981, pursuant to

19177: 16473:

National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change

15137:. Egypt: American University in Cairo. Archived from 15058:. Egypt: American University in Cairo. Archived from 15029:. Egypt: American University in Cairo. Archived from 13669:. United States Department of State. 10 November 2010 13259: 13129:

Stack, Liam; Kirkpatrick, David D. (2 January 2011).

12808:"An upside of Arab revolts: Islamists talk democracy" 12784:. Palestinenote.com. 28 February 2011. Archived from 12782:"Secularism is what the Arab world needs – Blog Post" 12182: 12180: 11325:"Mubarak Steps Down: Reactions From Around the World" 9145:"Muslim Brotherhood's Mursi declared Egypt president" 5959:

Kirkpatrick, David; Fahim, Kareem (3 February 2011).

5912: 2974:

Domestic responses to the Egyptian revolution of 2011

2774:. On 11 February police opened fire on protesters in 1591:

Political corruption in the Mubarak administration's

1545: 1048:, was described as "a war zone" and the port city of 21092:

2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran

20844: 20596:

2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran

15044:

Interview with Wael Ghonim, Google mideast manager:

13519:. Amnesty International. 31 May 2011. Archived from 13131:"Egypt Orders Tighter Security After Church Bombing" 13050:"Coptic Church in Egypt Is Hit by Fatal Bomb Attack" 12962: 12167:"Brotherhood's Mursi sworn in as Egyptian president" 9266: 8866:. Agence France-Presse. 24 June 2012. Archived from 8573:"Egypt's Military Cements Its Powers as Voting Ends" 8542:"On Eve of Vote, Egypt's Military Extends Its Power" 8065: 7840:. Associated Press. 19 December 2011. Archived from 7702: 7288:"Egypt army says won't field presidential candidate" 5931: 5678:"Egypt After 9/11: Perceptions of the United States" 4750:"Egypt: Cairo's Tahrir Square fills with protesters" 4496: 4472:

Kirkpatrick, David D.; Stack, Liam (13 March 2011).

4230:"Egypt activists plan biggest protest yet on Friday" 4029: 3466:, his sons Gamal and Alaa, former interior minister 3378:(undersecretary of state for political affairs) and 3334:

16. Transfer of power from SCAF to civilian council

2986:, head of Egyptian Intelligence, vice president and 1010:

and religious backgrounds demanded the overthrow of

977: 13346:"Key members of Egypt Armed Forces Supreme Council" 10368:"Mubarak leaves Cairo for Sinai as protests spread" 10361: 10359: 10357: 9810:"Mayhem in Cairo as Morsi Backers Fight for Return" 9587:"Egypt's President Morsi takes sweeping new powers" 9552:"Rallies for, against Egypt president's new powers" 9374:"Egypt: Morsi Takes Symbolic Oath in Tahrir Square" 8916:"Egypt anti-military protesters fill Tahrir Square" 8889:Jeffrey Fleishman; Reem Abdellatif (21 June 2012). 7838:"Thousands of rare documents burned in Egypt clash" 6556: 6554: 6552: 6550: 6548: 5853: 5504: 4848: 3818: 2550:

Timeline of the Egyptian Crisis under Mohamed Morsi

2122:stepped down as prime minister and was replaced by 1997:had been ordered into Cairo to help restore order. 14588:"Revolution Graffiti: Street Art of the new Egypt" 14239:. Internetworldstats.com. Retrieved on 2013-12-06. 13926:"Social media, cellphone video fuel Arab protests" 13592:Chulov, Martin; Shenker, Jack (25 November 2011). 13262:"The key role of women in the Egyptian revolution" 12866: 12864: 12614:"Egypt Issues Travel Ban, Asset Freeze on Mubarak" 12177: 12124: 12094:"Egypt's Suleiman says will not run for president" 12052:Egypt dissolves notorious internal security agency 12022:"Basic minimum wage jumps from EGP 250 to EGP 870" 11498:Weaver, Matthew; Bowcott, Owen (30 January 2011). 10580: 10126:"Journalists sexually assaulted in Cairo protests" 9859: 9419:"Islamist Morsi is sworn in as president of Egypt" 8993:. Middle East Online. 23 June 2012. Archived from 8420:Mohamed Fadel Fahmy and Josh Levs (14 June 2012). 8415: 8413: 8094:"Analysis: Egypt in tough final leg of transition" 7416: 7362:"Egypt's prime minister quits, new govt soon-army" 7306:"Egypt after Mubarak: Three ex-ministers arrested" 6645:"A Tunisian-Egyptian link that shook Arab history" 6341: 6339: 5592:"Egypt unrest: Anti-Mubarak protesters fight back" 5531: 5213:. Aglobalrevolution.wordpress.com. 5 February 2011 4969:"Mubarak plays last card, the army; Police vanish" 4639:. Tahrirnews.com. 30 December 2011. Archived from 4325:"Egypt's prime minister quits, new govt soon-army" 3925:Social-networking sites were promoted by the media 1771:, the Popular Democratic Movement for Change, the 14040:. Miller-McCune. 23 February 2011. Archived from 13023:"Egypt bomb kills 21 at Alexandria Coptic church" 12900: 12262:"The Muslim Brotherhood Official English Website" 12096:. Reuters Africa. 3 February 2011. Archived from 11626: 10890: 10539: 10396: 10366:Schemm, Paul; Michael, Maggie (5 February 2011). 10019:"The different shades of Tahrir – Anger in Egypt" 9641:"Egypt activists vow further anti-Mursi protests" 9526:"Egypt's President Mursi assumes sweeping powers" 9321:Ernesto Londoño; Haitham Mohamed (29 June 2012). 9289: 9047:Ernesto Londoño; Karin Brulliard (24 June 2012). 8809: 8807: 8764:"Regional impact of Egypt military's declaration" 8709: 8707: 8683: 8681: 8679: 8677: 8042: 7512:. Al Masri Al Youm. 23 March 2011. Archived from 7193:"Violence Erupts in Cairo; Army Mostly Stands By" 6588:"How did Egypt become so corrupt? – Inside Story" 6238:"Subject: Struggling to Address Police Brutality" 5856:"Egyptian Lawyer's Death Triggers Cairo Protests" 5083: 4776:"Was the Egyptian revolution really non-violent?" 4224: 4222: 4220: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4183: 1075:resigned as president, turning power over to the 308:as an interim government until elections are held 21307: 15056:"Egypt's 21st Century Revolution Oral Histories" 14711:El-Mahdi, Rabab; Marfleet, Philip, eds. (2009). 14710: 14441: 14439: 14252:. Blog.sysomos.com. 21 June 2009. Archived from 13454:Borger, Julian; Ball, James (14 February 2011). 12903:"Egyptian Voters Approve Constitutional Changes" 12067: 12035:"Egypt state of emergency lifted after 31 years" 11132:. English People's Daily Online. 31 January 2011 10761: 10570: 10448:"مظاهرات مدينه الزقازيق محافظه الشرقيه 28 يناير" 10354: 10181:"Across dusty Egypt, anxiety has filled the air" 9918: 9016:Tamim Elyan; Alastair Macdonald (23 June 2012). 8891:"Protesters again mass in Egypt's Tahrir Square" 7581:"Egypt Sectarian Clash Leads To Multiple Deaths" 6545: 6345: 5534:"How Gamal brought down the whole Mubarak house" 5316: 5314: 5312: 4537:"Egypt's state of emergency ends after 31 years" 4471: 4297: 3545:The Egyptian and Tunisian revolutions sparked a 3212:7. Release of those imprisoned since 25 January 3084:Egyptian constitutional review committee of 2011 2543: 21134:United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231 20638:United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231 15216: 14736:(PhD dissertation). University of Pennsylvania. 14360: 14250:"A Look at Twitter in Iran « Sysomos Blog" 13545:. Newsblogged.com. 9 April 2011. Archived from 13255: 13253: 12934:"Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood to Rejoin Protests" 12861: 12836: 12724:. Masrawy.com. 27 February 2011. Archived from 12419:"Egypt's Elaraby accepts foreign minister post" 12112:"Egypt's military council lifts nightly curfew" 11869:"Egypt Cuts Off Most Internet and Cell Service" 10072:"Student journalist assaulted in Tahrir Square" 9898:"Egypt constitution 'approved by 98.1 percent'" 9123:"Egypt's new president: U.S.-educated Islamist" 8943:"Tahrir Square protests as Egypt awaits result" 8654: 8652: 8650: 8566: 8564: 8562: 8410: 8360: 8358: 8356: 8339:"Egypt decree grants arrest powers to military" 6336: 6121:"How Cairo, U.S. Were Blindsided by Revolution" 5737: 5402:Chain Reaction: Egypt's Revolt 2011 Illustrated 4687: 4350:Egypt's Mubarak Steps Down; Military Takes Over 3982:This vicious circle can be explained through a 3815:was deeply unpopular with the Egyptian public. 2406:: The decades-long state of emergency expired. 1747: 1154:), and, less frequently, the Youth Revolution ( 982:;), began on 25 January 2011 and spread across 15155:"Egyptian and Arab Revolution Scholarly Works" 14445: 12317:. Al Arabiya. 23 February 2011. Archived from 11209:"Israel's Big Fears over a Post-Mubarak Egypt" 11183:"Egypt Protests Draw Mixed Reaction in Region" 9921:"Egypt's new constitution gets 98% 'yes' vote" 9750:. Al Jazeera English. Retrieved on 2013-08-14. 9738:. UPI (28 June 2013). Retrieved on 2013-08-14. 9170:Maggie Michael; Sarah El Deeb (24 June 2012). 8804: 8704: 8674: 8623: 8621: 8619: 8269:"Tentative deal on Egypt constituent assembly" 6521:"Egypt's Mubarak Likely to Retain Vast Wealth" 6253: 6251: 6067: 5915:"US embassy cables: Police brutality in Egypt" 4555:"Mohammed Morsi sworn in as Egypt's president" 4507:"Mubarak to be tried for murder of protesters" 4269:"Egypt protests a ticking time bomb: Analysts" 4217: 4180: 3776: 2738:reportedly in control put the community under 2068:Timeline of the Egyptian Crisis under the SCAF 1756:, to protest police brutality in front of the 1524:Peterson Institute for International Economics 20830: 20296: 19163: 17549: 17492:Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present) 17352: 16171: 15202: 14436: 14386:"Egyptian Activists' Action Plan: Translated" 13591: 13104:"Egypt Media Warn of Civil War after Bombing" 13048:Fahim, Kareem; Stack, Liam (1 January 2011). 12341:"Egypt's Prime Minister Ahmed Shafiq resigns" 12009:"Egypt: A List of Demands from Tahrir Square" 11604:. Al Jazeera. 31 January 2011. Archived from 11497: 11352:"Follow Egypt's Example, Obama Tells Mideast" 10365: 10096: 9865: 9473:Alistair Lyon; Yasmine Saleh (30 June 2012). 9371: 8628:Ernesto Londoño; Leila Fadel (18 June 2012). 8519:"Court throws Egypt transition into disarray" 8496:"Egypt court orders dissolving of parliament" 8469:Ernesto Londoño; Leila Fadel (14 June 2012). 7999:"Egypt's military leader lifts emergency law" 5796: 5740:"Egyptian bloggers brave police intimidation" 5309: 5293:. 3 News NZ. 13 February 2011. Archived from 4099:Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa 3799:in 1948, 1956, 1967 and 1973, Egypt signed a 3526:making private financial gains and profits". 3462:. Among those charged were Mubarak, his wife 2333:: Demonstrators returned to the square, with 2112:was tentatively scheduled for 19 March 2011. 2062:Under the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces 1815:, announced that they would participate. The 1650:constitutional provisions affecting elections 1481:Unemployment and reliance on subsidised goods 935: 21254:Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition 20763:Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition 14412:International Journal of Baudrillard Studies 14363:"Egypt: Gene Sharp Taught Us How To Revolt!" 13894:"Can Egypt's Internet Movement Be Exported?" 13778:"6 April Youth Movement – حركة شباب 6 إبريل" 13250: 11980: 11100:"Regional Reaction Mixed For Egypt Protests" 10672:(in Arabic). 18 January 2011. Archived from 9396:"New president: Egypt turns page to new era" 9174:. Agence France-Presse (AFP). Archived from 9049:"Mohamed Morsi named new Egyptian president" 8647: 8559: 8353: 8193:Leila Fadel; Ernesto Londoño (2 June 2012). 6743: 6741: 5086:"President Morsi in Egypt Seizes New Powers" 5041:"Egypt's military dismantles Mubarak regime" 4939:"The Army's OK with the Protesters, for now" 4663:"Egypt's revolution death toll rises to 384" 3636: 3066:, European countries and the United States. 2558: 2439:: After Egypt's military government imposed 1307:in June 2000, after the death of his father 1246:. Mubarak was often compared to an Egyptian 1174: 1168: 1155: 1146: 1137: 1128: 1032:, corruption, high unemployment, food-price 29: 15337:2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt 14977:Emergency Law and Police Brutality in Egypt 13865:"Women play vital role in Egypt's uprising" 13651:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 12995:"Egypt Church Blast Death Toll Rises to 23" 12722:"5 مارس.. بدء محاكمة العادلي أمام الجنايات" 12692:"Hussein Salem caught in Dubai with $ 500m" 12668:. Masrawy.com. 6 March 2011. Archived from 12220:. Toronto. 19 February 2011. Archived from 12070:"Egypt restores feared secret police units" 11038:"At least 846 killed in Egypt's revolution" 10946: 10944: 10886: 10884: 10631: 10482: 10468:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 10445: 10329: 9498: 9346: 9072: 9018:"Egypt's nervous wait for president ending" 8784: 8690:"Background: SCAF's last-minute power grab" 8616: 8570: 8539: 8442: 8364: 8311: 8244: 8166: 7774: 7578: 7528:"Protesters Scold Egypt's Military Council" 7332:"Egypt sets constitutional referendum date" 7139: 7011:"Women Play Vital Role in Egypt's Uprising" 6781:"No sign Egypt will take the Tunisian road" 6320:. Msrintranet.capmas.gov.eg. Archived from 6248: 5765: 5644: 5642: 5233:"The 25 January Revolution (Special issue)" 5189:"Sisi elected Egypt president by landslide" 5038: 5000:"Egypt: From Police State to Military Rule" 4713:. Edition.cnn.com. Retrieved on 2013-12-06. 4124:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East 4063:2011 virginity tests of protestors in Egypt 3970:Role of media disruption on 28 January 2011 3950:inside the realms of Twitter and Facebook. 3688:exploration spacecraft in Zahran's honour. 3549:, with demonstrations spreading across the 3215:Ongoing; More have been arrested and faced 3047:, the We Are All Khaled Said Movement, the 2412:: Mubarak and his former interior minister 2050: 1914:Timeline of the Egyptian revolution of 2011 1119:which was boycotted by opposition parties. 21244:Opposition to military action against Iran 20837: 20823: 20753:Opposition to military action against Iran 20303: 20289: 19170: 19156: 17556: 17542: 17359: 17345: 16178: 16164: 15209: 15195: 14763: 14550: 14515: 13687: 13484: 13453: 13366: 13229: 13210: 13047: 12666:"الشريف ينفي امتلاكه حسابات خاصة خارج مصر" 11817:(in Arabic). Al Jazeera. 30 January 2011. 11067: 11065: 10830: 10150: 10069: 9567:Story of the Egyptian Revolution 2011–2013 9226:. Nazra for Feminist Studies. 26 June 2012 8991:"Egyptians hold their breath until Sunday" 8019: 7775:Kirkpatrick, David D. (21 November 2011). 7770: 7768: 7766: 7394:. Al Jazeera. 5 March 2011. Archived from 7165: 7048:, 8 February 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2012. 6747: 6435: 6219:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 5609: 5607: 5605: 4936: 3936:Television, particularly live coverage by 942: 928: 893:History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt 756: 21296:Category:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 21129:International Maritime Security Construct 20633:International Maritime Security Construct 15178:. University of California, Los Angeles. 15117: 14768:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 13628: 12963:Gratowski, J. Thomas (17 February 2014). 11987:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10483:Kirkpatrick, David D. (8 February 2011). 10330:Kirkpatrick, David D. (8 February 2011). 8941:Dina Zayed; Patrick Werr (22 June 2012). 8813: 8091: 7447: 7140:Van Beijnum, Iljitsch (30 January 2011). 6738: 6691: 5913:U.S. Embassy in Cairo (28 January 2011). 4997: 4879: 4474:"Prosecutors Order Mubarak and Sons Held" 4158:– a university 2011 documentation project 3998: 2903: 1900:Learn how and when to remove this message 1337: 1006:. Millions of protesters from a range of 19319:Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present) 15940:Coalition of the Youth of the Revolution 14993:Citizen Media coverage on Egypt Protests 14759:(6, Fall). American University of Cairo. 14383: 13958:. World Politics Review. 25 January 2011 13081: 11519:خالد الصاوي يقود مظاهرة في ميدان التحرير 11466: 11016:"Egypt: At least 846 killed in protests" 10941: 10881: 10268: 10178: 9991: 9761:"Egyptian army issues 48-hour ultimatum" 9584: 8838:"Political uncertainty deepens in Egypt" 7703:Nada Hussein Rashwan (2 November 2011). 7510:"New Egyptian law criminalizes protests" 6118: 5861:Washington Report on Middle East Affairs 5854:Holder, R. Clemente (July–August 1994). 5639: 5561:"Mubarak's Son Proposes Nuclear Program" 5427: 5399: 5320: 4129:List of modern conflicts in North Africa 3830: 3822: 3730: 3699: 3659: 3345: 3103: 3095: 2851: 2822: 2698: 2662: 2045:11 February 2011 ("Friday of Departure") 1953: 1941: 1933: 1917: 1769:Coalition of the Youth of the Revolution 1726: 1536: 1498: 1283: 1195: 1111:led by the minister of defense, General 20773:People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran 19861:Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present) 19536:2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis 17375:Major revolts and riots in modern Egypt 14689: 14384:Madrigal, Alexis C. (28 January 2011). 14293: 14038:"The Arab Uprising's Cascading Effects" 13978:"History of the Revolution on Facebook" 13291:"The Middle East's Feminist Revolution" 12931: 12125:Abigail Hauslohner (29 February 2012). 11949: 11893:Webster, Stephen C. (28 January 2011). 11892: 11866: 11748: 11407: 11322: 11062: 10269:Dziadosz, Alexander (27 January 2011). 9807: 9695:. Amnesty International. Archived from 9610: 9570:(Documentary) (in English and Arabic). 9416: 8390: 8167:Kirkpatrick, Patrick D. (2 June 2012). 7820:"Mon, 21 Nov 2011, 14:46 GMT+3 – Egypt" 7802:"Mon, 21 Nov 2011, 13:27 GMT+3 – Egypt" 7763: 6748:Hauslohner, Abigail (20 January 2011). 6488: 6468:. Oxford Business Group. January 2007. 6175: 6043:"EGYPT: Police brutality focuses minds" 5961:"Gunfire Rings Out as Protesters Clash" 5881: 5706: 5675: 5602: 5039:el-Malawani, Hania (13 February 2011). 4937:Hauslohner, Abigail (29 January 2011). 3695: 3534: 2703:Protesters in Alexandria on 15 February 2357:because they "had enough" of the SCAF. 1279: 858:2014 Egyptian constitutional referendum 853:2012 Egyptian constitutional referendum 836:2011–12 Egyptian parliamentary election 831:2011 Egyptian constitutional referendum 21308: 20914:Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict 20425:Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict 15157:. Egypt: American University in Cairo. 14750: 14511: 14509: 14452:International Journal of Communication 14274: 13932:. UK. 27 February 2011. Archived from 13485:Chatterjee, Pratap (4 February 2011). 13260:Niklas Albin Svensson (8 March 2011). 13191:School of Oriental and African Studies 13156: 12746: 12616:. Voice of America. 28 February 2011. 12282: 11923: 11150: 10235: 10205: 9585:Birnbaum, Michael (22 November 2012). 9499:Kirkpatrick, David D. (30 June 2012). 9347:Kirkpatrick, David D. (29 June 2012). 9073:Kirkpatrick, David D. (24 June 2012). 8785:Kirkpatrick, David D. (18 June 2012). 8571:Kirkpatrick, David D. (17 June 2012). 8540:Kirkpatrick, David D. (17 June 2012). 8443:Kirkpatrick, David D. (14 June 2012). 8365:Kirkpatrick, David D. (18 June 2012). 8312:Kirkpatrick, David D. (14 June 2012). 8118: 8066:David D. 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Archived from 13906:from the original on 22 February 2011 13487:"Egypt's military-industrial complex" 13402:"Factbox – Egypt's Powerful Military" 12913:from the original on 28 November 2011 12555: 12471:"Egypt dissolves former ruling party" 12445:"Egypt PM appoints new key ministers" 12373:(in French). Euronews. 3 March 2011. 12295:from the original on 24 February 2011 12194:from the original on 18 February 2011 11839: 11627:El-Ghatrify, Alaa (21 October 2010). 11479:from the original on 15 November 2012 11467:Slackman, Michael (29 January 2011). 11349: 11151:Ashton, Catherine (29 January 2011). 10891:Carol J. Williams (1 February 2011). 10540:Stevenson, Rachel (31 January 2011). 10495:from the original on 24 November 2011 10378:from the original on 13 February 2011 10342:from the original on 28 November 2011 9900:. Al Jazeera English. 18 January 2014 9611:Spencer, Richard (23 November 2012). 9554:. 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Revista Interdisciplinar 6151:"ElBaradei Leads Anti-Torture Rally" 6131:from the original on 2 February 2011 5971:from the original on 3 February 2011 5809:from the original on 28 January 2011 5532:Gamal Essam El-Din (15 April 2011). 5490:"Gamal Mubarak, President of Egypt?" 5333:from the original on 31 January 2011 5026:"Hosni Mubarak resigns as president" 5006:from the original on 1 February 2011 4998:Stirewalt, Chris (31 January 2011). 4979:from the original on 1 February 2011 4918:from the original on 31 January 2011 4912:"Looting spreads in Egyptian cities" 4892:from the original on 1 February 2011 4861:from the original on 26 January 2011 4802:"Q&A: What's Behind the Unrest?" 4688:Faisal Al Yafai (12 November 2012). 4307:Entelequia. Revista Interdisciplinar 4090:, a similar Greek political activist 3795:peace negotiations. After wars with 3277:still exists and propaganda ongoing 3188:that he would not run for president 3129:1. Resignation of President Mubarak 2734:had been relatively calm, but local 2265:: Tahrir Square protests continued. 1882:adding citations to reliable sources 1853: 1385:December 2010 parliamentary election 1192:History of Egypt under Hosni Mubarak 888:History of Egypt under Hosni Mubarak 870:2015 Egyptian parliamentary election 841:2012 Egyptian Shura Council election 291:ends, transition to democracy begins 21249:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation 20758:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation 20350:Ambassadors of Saudi Arabia to Iran 20340:Ambassadors of Iran to Saudi Arabia 20140:Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict 20091:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency 19607:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency 19122: 14968:. Qatar: Al Jazeera. 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Archived from 13189:Interview. "Vivian Ibrahim of the 12849:from the original on 27 April 2011 12747:Atkins, Stephen E. (31 May 2011). 12646:from the original on 30 April 2011 12642:. Ahram Online. 28 February 2011. 12568:from the original on 14 March 2011 12556:Inman, Phillip (4 February 2011). 12477:from the original on 19 April 2011 12246:. Al-Masry Al-Youm. Archived from 12011:. Global Voices. 10 February 2011. 11420:from the original on 17 March 2011 11350:Obama, Barack (15 February 2011). 11269: 11185:. 15 February 2011. Archived from 11050:from the original on 29 April 2011 10833:"Hundreds Mourn the Dead in Egypt" 10696:"Mother of Ahmed Hashim al-Sayyed" 10521:from the original on 28 March 2011 10236:Tencer, Daniel (14 January 2011). 9783:"Special Report: Mursi's downfall" 9290:Ahmed Aboul Enein (28 June 2012). 8245:Smith-Spark, Laura (2 June 2012). 7972:Chick, Kristen (25 January 2012). 7897:. Associated Press. Archived from 7822:. Al Jazeera Blogs. Archived from 7804:. 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Announcement by vice-president 3088:List of political parties in Egypt 2456:Egypt's 2012 presidential election 2454:'s candidacy for president during 2361:28 November 2011 – 11 January 2012 2257:8 July ("Friday of Determination") 1722: 1621:; that of former tourism minister 1546:Economy and poor living conditions 1448:International Atomic Energy Agency 14: 21417: 21381:Riots and civil disorder in Egypt 21114:2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute 20936:Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain 20618:2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute 20447:Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain 20085:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 19789:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 18503:Role of the Egyptian Armed Forces 15302:Muslim Brotherhood (post-Mubarak) 15168: 15021:. 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Archived from 4139:2007–2008 world food price crisis 3146:The basic minimum wage rose from 3140:2. New minimum and maximum wages 2860:Before the protests six cases of 2400:since Hosni Mubarak was deposed. 2140:and the national headquarters in 1963:25 January 2011 ("Day of Revolt") 1427:died under disputed circumstances 21396:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 21291: 21290: 21239:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition 21097:2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution 21082:2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution 21077:2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests 20846:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 20800: 20799: 20748:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition 20601:2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution 20586:2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution 20581:2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests 20322: 20312: 19915:2006–2009 Ethiopian intervention 19131: 19121: 19111: 19102: 19101: 18360:Refugees of the Syrian civil war 17563: 17368: 17321: 17320: 15360:2011–2012 parliamentary election 15067: 15046:Guardian via Dream TV, subtitled 14958: 14894: 14696:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 14651: 14625: 14606: 14579: 14544: 14497: 14470: 14418:"IJBS - Volume 9-1 January 2012" 14403: 14377: 14354: 14328: 14306: 14287: 14268: 14242: 14230: 14189: 14167: 14145: 14123: 14082: 14056: 14030: 14018:from the original on 15 May 2011 14000: 13988:from the original on 18 May 2011 13970: 13948: 13918: 13886: 13857: 13824: 13792: 13770: 13744: 13714: 13681: 13659: 13622: 13604: 13585: 13561: 13535: 13509: 13478: 13447: 13424: 13394: 13360: 13338: 13308: 13289:Wolf, Naomi (28 February 2011). 13223: 13204: 13183: 13150: 13122: 13096: 13075: 13041: 13015: 12987: 12956: 12925: 12894: 12872:"Saving the Egyptian Revolution" 12830: 12800: 12774: 12740: 12714: 12684: 12658: 12640:"NDP fires Mubarak – then what?" 12632: 12606: 12580: 12549: 12519: 12507:from the original on 25 May 2011 12489: 12463: 12437: 12411: 12389: 12363: 12333: 12307: 12276: 12254: 12236: 12206: 12190:. Al Jazeera. 17 February 2011. 12159: 12141: 12118: 12114:. 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Archived from 13431:Kotb, Amrou (31 October 2013). 13230:Fatma Naib (19 February 2011). 11663:. Al Jazeera. 2 February 2011. 11578:. Al Jazeera. 31 January 2011. 11163:from the original on 1 May 2011 10989:. 19 April 2011. Archived from 10925:. Allvoices.com. Archived from 10632:Zayed, Dina (18 January 2011). 10446:eljazeera77 (9 February 2011). 10151:Noam Cohen (25 November 2011). 6920:Afify, Heba (24 January 2011). 6806:Zayed, Dina (16 January 2011). 6772: 6712: 6685: 6667: 6636: 6606: 6580: 6513: 6482: 6458: 6429: 6397: 6365: 6310: 6294: 6276: 6229: 6207: 6188: 6169: 6143: 6112: 6084: 6068:Khalil, Ashraf (25 June 2010). 6061: 6035: 6009: 5983: 5925: 5906: 5894:from the original on 4 May 2011 5875: 5847: 5821: 5790: 5766:Mayer, Jane (30 October 2006). 5759: 5731: 5700: 5669: 5583: 5571:from the original on 1 May 2011 5552: 5525: 5498: 5482: 5459: 5446: 5393: 5371: 5345: 5283: 5257: 5225: 5203: 5181: 5151: 5129: 5103: 5077: 5051: 5032: 5028:. 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Archived from 3049:National Association for Change 2765: 2396:: First round of voting in the 2094:, former tourism minister H.E. 1938:The "Day of Revolt", 25 January 1869:needs additional citations for 1777:National Association for Change 294:Resignation of Prime Ministers 287:Dictatorship imposed since the 284:Freedom of expression increases 21351:February 2011 events in Africa 21139:May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident 20643:May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident 17750:Khedivate and Kingdom of Egypt 17518:Egyptian National Action Group 16764:Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud 15490:2014 constitutional referendum 15404:2012 constitutional referendum 15325:2011 constitutional referendum 13688:Cole, Juan (30 January 2011). 13629:Manshy007 (19 December 2011). 13211:Heba Helmy (8 February 2011). 12878:. 3 March 2011. Archived from 10831:Nolan, Dan (29 January 2011). 10798:. En.trend.az. 31 January 2011 9450:. 30 June 2012. Archived from 9372:Aswat Masriya (29 June 2012). 7368:. 3 March 2011. Archived from 7166:Ehud Yaari (30 January 2011). 6779:Leyne, Jon (17 January 2011). 5615:"Law 1958/162 (Emergency Law)" 4581:"846 killed in Egypt uprising" 4415: 4389: 4359: 4343: 4317: 4291: 3422:International Court of Justice 3241:-controlled university police 3034:Hosni Mubarak, 1 February 2011 2951: 2934:Non-governmental organizations 2472:Egyptian presidential election 1122: 190:Demographic structural factors 88:(2 weeks and 3 days) 1: 21346:January 2011 events in Africa 21232:Warsaw Middle East conference 21034:Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict 20741:Warsaw Middle East conference 20538:Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict 20233:2014 Lesotho political crisis 20190:RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021) 19354:Communal conflicts in Nigeria 18058: 17429:1986 Egyptian conscripts riot 16508:Tunisian General Labour Union 16398:National Transitional Council 16198:Ash-shab yurid isqat an-nizam 15038: 14859:Timeline: Transition in Egypt 14764:Rutherford, Bruce K. (2008). 14615:Theory, Culture & Society 12812:The Christian Science Monitor 12264:. Ikhwanweb. 23 February 2011 11981:El Bernoussi, Zaynab (2021). 11814:لجنة وطنية لمفاوضة نظام مبارك 9948:. Ahram Online. 26 March 2014 8119:Othman, Dalia (31 May 2012). 8001:. globalpost. 24 January 2012 7978:The Christian Science Monitor 5428:El-Hewie, Mohamed F. (2013). 5400:El-Hewie, Mohamed F. (2011). 4373:. Reuters. 29 November 2010. 4173: 4134:Financial crisis of 2007–2008 4068:Cross border attacks in Sabah 3201:6. Dissolution of parliament 3176:Claimed met; reneged in 2013 2694: 2544:Under President Mohamed Morsi 2522:Constituent Assembly of Egypt 2353:that Egyptians would begin a 2090:, former minister of housing 1703:European Commission President 1580: 1541:A poor neighbourhood in Cairo 1185: 990:during the last few years of 793:Egyptian Constitution of 2012 783:Military transitional council 454:Coalition of Socialist Forces 20990:Iranian intervention in Iraq 20872:Arab separatism in Khuzestan 20496:Iranian intervention in Iraq 20394:Arab separatism in Khuzestan 20227:SADC intervention in Lesotho 19830:OLA insurgency, 2018–present 19784:Anglophone Crisis (Cameroon) 19541:ECOWAS military intervention 19261:2011–2014 factional violence 18377:Twin towns and sister cities 18217: 17889:Assassination of Anwar Sadat 17444:2008 Egyptian general strike 17419:Corrective Revolution (1971) 16739:Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf 16437:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 15347:November 2011 Tahrir clashes 15307:Trials and judicial hearings 15266:Resignation of Hosni Mubarak 14949:Egypt Real Time Video Stream 14751:Radsch, Courtney C. 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Al Jazeera. 26 June 2010. 5715:Academy of Political Science 5619:Edinburgh Middle East Report 5596:British Broadcasting Company 5379:"Egypt: A Nation in Waiting" 4441:"How the mighty have fallen" 3551:Middle East and North Africa 3516:assassination of Anwar Sadat 2620:Supreme Constitutional Court 2213:8 April ("Cleansing Friday") 2033:Egyptian Museum of Antiquity 1930:footage of Egyptian protests 1748:National Police Day protests 1658:Corruption Perceptions Index 1216:assassination of Anwar Sadat 281:Resignation of Hosni Mubarak 7: 21391:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations 21321:Egyptian revolution of 2011 21316:Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014) 20319:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations 19904:Puntland–Somaliland dispute 19760:Insurgency in Northern Chad 18905:Vehicle registration plates 18583: 18559:Water supply and sanitation 18394: 17577: 17508:2017 Warraq Island protests 17477:2012–2013 Egyptian protests 17467:2011 Maspero demonstrations 17454:Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014) 17119:Egyptian crisis (2011–2014) 16328:February 14 Youth Coalition 15450:Republican Guard HQ clashes 15365:2012 Shura Council election 15218:Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014) 15002:Testimonials From Egyptians 14813:Egyptian revolution of 2011 14713:Egypt: The Moment of Change 13756:The New York Times Magazine 13618:. London. 23 December 2011. 13201:3 February 2011; 12:55 UTC. 12753:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 456–. 11842:"Egypt Leaves the Internet" 10372:The San Diego Union-Tribune 10212:St. Albans Review (part of 10070:Dan Rivers (27 June 2012). 9121:Levs, Josh (24 June 2012). 8688:Hill, Evan (18 June 2012). 8517:Hill, Evan (14 June 2012). 8092:Tom Perry (12 April 2012). 5768:"The C.I.A.'s Travel Agent" 5404:. Shaymaa. pp. 1–120. 4025: 3777:Impact on foreign relations 3759:Maspero television building 3739:in response to the protests 3664:Female protester wearing a 3529: 3159:3. Canceling emergency law 3100:Sign with protester demands 3051:, the 25 January Movement, 2721: 2691:while covering the events. 2601:June 2013 Egyptian protests 2554:2012–2013 Egyptian protests 2398:first presidential election 2309:Maspiro television building 2293:2011 Israeli embassy attack 2273:Egyptian Revolution of 1952 2134:State Security Intelligence 2057:Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014) 1849: 978: 798:June 2013 Egyptian protests 788:2012–2013 Egyptian protests 703: 405:State Security Intelligence 304:Assumption of power by the 16:Political upheaval in Egypt 10: 21422: 21279:Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia 21264:People's Mujahedin of Iran 21222:Arab League–Iran relations 21217:Iran–Israel proxy conflict 21124:2018 Riyadh missile strike 21012:Operation Blow to the Head 20788:Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia 20731:Arab League–Iran relations 20726:Iran–Israel proxy conflict 20628:2018 Riyadh missile strike 20516:Operation Blow to the Head 20195:Insurgency in Cabo Delgado 20016:Abyei conflict (2022–2023) 19871:Benishangul-Gumuz conflict 19737:Djotodia period, 2013–2014 19548:Western Togoland Rebellion 18564:Water resources management 15777:Reda Mahmoud Hafez Mohamed 15502:2014 presidential election 15455:August 2013 Rabaa massacre 15445:2013–2014 post-coup unrest 15370:2012 presidential election 14930:Thomson Reuters Foundation 14796: 14788:Armed Forces & Society 13633:. Scaf-crimes.blogspot.com 13159:"Muslims Protect Churches" 12965:"Is Egypt Breaking Apart?" 8840:. Al Jazeera. 18 June 2012 8814:Randa Ali (26 June 2012). 8498:. Al Jazeera. 14 June 2012 8341:. Al Jazeera. 13 June 2012 8293:. Al Jazeera. 12 June 2012 7579:Sami Aboudi (7 May 2011). 7104:. Retrieved 14 March 2011. 7087:. Retrieved 14 March 2011. 6981:. Retrieved 14 March 2011. 6618:Transparency International 6442:Princeton University Press 5932:U.S. Department of State. 4002: 3813:blockade of the Gaza Strip 3783:Foreign relations of Egypt 3780: 3640: 3538: 3439: 3081: 3077: 2971: 2967: 2942:multinational corporations 2907: 2644:2014 presidential election 2598: 2547: 2321:to control the situation. 2065: 2054: 1911: 1694: 1663: 1654:Transparency International 1584: 1549: 1484: 1395: 1341: 1316:Mubarak's 2005 re-election 1189: 1136:), Revolution of Freedom ( 21406:Social movements in Egypt 21287: 21204: 21162: 21087:Execution of Nimr al-Nimr 21059: 20894: 20867:1979 Khuzestan insurgency 20852: 20796: 20708: 20666: 20591:Execution of Nimr al-Nimr 20563: 20389:1979 Khuzestan insurgency 20374: 20358: 20332: 20247: 20204: 20176: 20167: 20106: 20077: 20032:Second Sudanese Civil War 20024: 19986: 19940: 19896: 19817: 19808: 19776: 19747: 19716: 19676: 19593: 19570: 19561: 19510: 19484: 19458: 19437: 19400: 19346: 19337: 19305: 19276: 19238: 19198: 19189: 19097: 18923: 18595: 18591: 18578: 18459:Impact on the environment 18449:Entrepreneurship policies 18402: 18389: 18225: 18212: 18066: 18053: 18021: 17923: 17589: 17585: 17572: 17500: 17482:2013 Egyptian coup d'état 17452: 17424:1977 Egyptian bread riots 17381: 17316: 17257: 17226: 17168: 17127: 16959: 16556: 16543:General People's Congress 16523:Alliance of Yemeni Tribes 16363:National Democratic Party 16312: 16206: 16193: 16067: 16019:Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh 16001: 15932: 15884: 15851: 15828: 15819: 15790: 15751: 15742: 15694: 15651: 15628: 15619: 15597: 15564: 15557: 15510: 15434: 15380: 15286: 15245: 15238: 15224: 14824:Best of the Web Directory 14782:Albrecht, Holger (2014). 14690:Bradley, John R. (2008). 11844:. Renesys. Archived from 11408:Thomson (15 March 2011). 10397:Ben Wedeman; Amir Ahmed. 9248:. allAfrica. 26 June 2012 8271:. Al Jazeera. 8 June 2012 7308:. BBC. 15 February 2011. 6954:"بوابة الوفد الالكترونية" 5495:8(2): pp. 31–40 5456:9/10: pp. 73–88 5191:. Al Jazeera. 30 May 2014 5045:The Sydney Morning Herald 4167:2016–17 Egyptian protests 3807:). According to the 1978 3637:Alexandria church bombing 3435: 3403:Freedom and Justice Party 3356:constitutional referendum 2892:, a senior cleric at the 2818: 2782:, thousands protested in 2605:2013 Egyptian coup d'état 2559:November 2012 declaration 2110:constitutional referendum 1388:without charge or trial. 1236:National Democratic Party 1145:) or Revolution of Rage ( 808:Post-coup unrest in Egypt 803:2013 Egyptian coup d'état 724: 716: 676: 671: 652: 647: 476: 471: 384:National Democratic Party 363: 358: 275: 231: 212: 143: 92: 78:25 January 2011 74: 65:Demonstrators in Cairo's 58: 28: 23: 21356:21st-century revolutions 21259:Gulf Cooperation Council 21039:Houthi takeover in Yemen 21007:Operation Scorched Earth 20926:2011 Egyptian revolution 20768:Gulf Cooperation Council 20543:Houthi takeover in Yemen 20511:Operation Scorched Earth 20437:2011 Egyptian revolution 20135:2008 invasion of Anjouan 19732:Civil War (2012–present) 19701:Pool Department conflict 18230:Administrative divisions 17906:2011 Egyptian revolution 17847:1952 Egyptian revolution 17643:Lighthouse of Alexandria 17462:2011 Egyptian revolution 17414:1952 Egyptian revolution 17394:1919 Egyptian revolution 17389:Urabi revolt (1879–1882) 17382:Major events before 2010 17201:death of Muammar Gaddafi 16589:Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa 16564:Women in the Arab Spring 16393:National Liberation Army 16373:Revolutionary Socialists 16368:National Salvation Front 15988:Muslim Brotherhood Youth 15960:Revolutionary Socialists 15089:10 February 2012 at the 15007:12 February 2011 at the 13870:. NPR. 4 February 2011. 13722:"Mubarak under pressure" 13667:"Background Note: Egypt" 13167:. Canada. Archived from 11813: 11781: 11548: 11518: 11300:. CNN. 30 January 2011. 11074:Reuters 18 December 2011 10664: 10605: 9102:. CNN News. 24 June 2012 7464: 6195:BBC (24 December 2005). 5488:Sobelman, Daniel (2001) 5432:. Shaymaa. p. 162. 4156:University on the Square 4109:Mohamed Mahmoud graffiti 2894:Dar al-Ifta al-Misriyyah 2742:after a nearby town was 2726:In the northern city of 2658: 2581:Amnesty International UK 2051:Post-revolution timeline 1773:Revolutionary Socialists 1597:House of Representatives 1398:Law enforcement in Egypt 1244:peace treaty with Israel 956:2011 Egyptian revolution 773:2011 Egyptian revolution 459:Revolutionary Socialists 400:Egyptian National Police 352:elected as new president 24:2011 Egyptian revolution 21046:Second Libyan civil war 20985:War in Iraq (2013–2017) 20919:Qatar diplomatic crisis 20550:Second Libyan civil war 20430:Qatar diplomatic crisis 20130:Hanish Islands conflict 19667:Kamwina Nsapu rebellion 19518:Guinea-Bissau Civil War 19360:Herder–farmer conflicts 19284:Western Sahara conflict 18434:Egyptian stock exchange 17170:International reactions 16931:Abdul Majeed al-Zindani 16854:Zine El Abidine Ben Ali 16734:Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz 16624:Mohamed Hussein Tantawy 16468:Syrian National Council 16418:Women to drive movement 15782:Abd El Aziz Seif-Eldeen 15584:Rabaa Al-Adawiya Mosque 15276:International reactions 14982:30 January 2011 at the 14553:Political Communication 14518:Political Communication 14300:The Wall Street Journal 14153:"Sharif Abdel Kouddous" 14064:"Craig Labovitz's Blog" 13728:. UK. 25 January 2008. 12938:The Wall Street Journal 11693:. UK. 2 February 2011. 10865:. UK. 31 January 2011. 8971:. Reuters. 23 June 2012 7666:. english.ahram.org.eg. 7465:الأرقام الفعلية للتصويت 6215:"Profile of Ayman Nour" 6125:The Wall Street Journal 5590:BBC (3 February 2011). 5139:. NBC News. 3 July 2013 4826:. Defenddemocracy.org. 4354:The Wall Street Journal 4119:List of freedom indices 3735:An Egyptian blocking a 3643:2011 Alexandria bombing 3306:14. Dissolution of the 2770:There were protests in 2749: 2365:Parliamentary elections 2345:. Dissident journalist 1687:during its occupation. 1380:parliamentary elections 1314:During the years after 1295:Mubarak's younger son, 1268:During his presidency, 1173:) or White Revolution ( 1058:Central Security Forces 389:Central Security Forces 315:and dissolution of the 195:Other regional protests 21401:2010s internet outages 21376:Protest-related deaths 21361:Nonviolent revolutions 21326:Arab Spring by country 21119:2017–2020 Qatif unrest 20948:First Libyan civil war 20931:2011 Bahraini uprising 20907:Action of June 5, 1984 20623:2017–2020 Qatif unrest 20459:First Libyan civil war 20442:2011 Bahraini uprising 20418:Action of June 5, 1984 19953:Somali–Kenyan conflict 19849:Eritrean–Ethiopian War 19843:Second Afar insurgency 19450:Sierra Leone Civil War 18765:International rankings 17770:Egyptian–Ethiopian War 17523:2020 Egyptian protests 17513:2019 Egyptian protests 16951:Mohammed Ali al-Houthi 16809:Muhammad Naji al-Otari 16408:February 25th Movement 16338:April 6 Youth Movement 15950:April 6 Youth Movement 15945:We are all Khaled Said 15475:December 2013 Mansoura 15352:Port Said Stadium riot 15342:Maspero demonstrations 15118:Analysis and criticism 15104:The Square (2013 film) 14932:. UK. 25 January 2012. 14920:. UK. 1 February 2011. 14757:Arab Media and Society 13573:9 January 2012 at the 11323:Baird-Remba, Rebecca. 11086:, Yasmine El Rashidi, 7751:. CNN. 11 October 2011 6466:The Report: Egypt 2007 6349:; Zinkina, J. (2011). 6283:Sharp, Jeremy (2009). 5682:Contemporary Conflicts 5536:. Middle East Online. 5353:"History's crossroads" 4973:World Tribune (online) 4804:. SBS. 27 January 2011 4543:. London. 31 May 2012. 4301:; Zinkina, J. (2011). 4162:2019 Egyptian protests 3999:Post-revolutionary art 3857:We are all Khaled Said 3842:6 April Youth Movement 3837: 3828: 3740: 3705: 3668: 3512:Egyptian Islamic Jihad 3359: 3193:reneged in April 2012 3109: 3101: 3045:6 April Youth Movement 3037: 2960:and UK Prime Minister 2904:International reaction 2857: 2849: 2704: 2675: 2419:statute of limitations 2303:Maspero demonstrations 2138:Alexandria Governorate 2011:We are all Khaled Said 1959: 1951: 1939: 1931: 1781:April 6 Youth Movement 1732: 1542: 1508: 1344:Emergency law in Egypt 1338:State-of-emergency law 1292: 1204: 433:6 April Youth Movement 325:and arrest of its head 155:State-of-emergency law 21154:Abqaiq–Khurais attack 21072:Khobar Towers bombing 20958:Hezbollah involvement 20941:insurgency in Bahrain 20658:Abqaiq–Khurais attack 20576:Khobar Towers bombing 20469:Hezbollah involvement 20452:insurgency in Bahrain 20212:Bophuthatswana crisis 19876:Oromia–Somali clashes 19795:Boko Haram insurgency 19755:Civil War (2005–2010) 19372:Boko Haram insurgency 19295:Clashes, 2020–present 18370:Terrorism and tourism 17828:1948 Arab–Israeli War 17660:Library of Alexandria 17434:2000 Kosheh lynchings 17196:military intervention 16946:Abdul-Malik al-Houthi 16921:Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi 16901:United Arab Emirates: 16709:Saif al-Islam Gaddafi 15540:2014 Taba bus bombing 14914:"Egypt protests live" 14730:Faris, David (2010). 14324:on 14 September 2011. 13800:"Who is Wael Ghonim?" 13266:In Defence of Marxism 12750:The 9/11 Encyclopædia 10670:El-Aosboa (newspaper) 10421:"Egypt Travel Advice" 10074:. CNN. Archived from 7729:. BBC. 9 October 2011 6564:. AHN. Archived from 6197:"Profile: Ayman Nour" 5833:Amnesty International 5633:registration required 5493:Middle East Quarterly 3834: 3826: 3734: 3710:Egyptian Armed Forces 3703: 3663: 3493:Rachid Mohamed Rachid 3418:Qalyoub rail accident 3349: 3226:8. Ending the curfew 3107: 3099: 3026: 2938:Amnesty International 2855: 2826: 2702: 2673: 2640:Egyptian Armed Forces 2486:: Crowds gathered in 2223:Imbaba church attacks 2183:(about US$ 100,000). 2055:Further information: 1957: 1945: 1937: 1926: 1730: 1585:Further information: 1550:Further information: 1540: 1502: 1487:Demographics of Egypt 1485:Further information: 1446:, former head of the 1396:Further information: 1362:constitutional rights 1287: 1199: 1190:Further information: 960:25 January Revolution 448:Egyptian Armed Forces 394:Egyptian Armed Forces 221:Removal of President 128:30.04444°N 31.23556°E 21386:Revolutions in Egypt 21274:Shia–Sunni relations 21196:United Arab Emirates 21051:Western Iran clashes 20973:Spillover in Lebanon 20783:Shia–Sunni relations 20700:United Arab Emirates 20555:Western Iran clashes 20484:Spillover in Lebanon 20184:Mozambican Civil War 20144:Burundian conflicts 20124:Djiboutian Civil War 19837:Insurgency in Ogaden 19465:Liberian Civil Wars 19378:Niger Delta conflict 19081:World Heritage Sites 18900:Units of measurement 18355:Proposed new capital 18101:Environmental issues 17862:United Arab Republic 17755:Muhammad Ali dynasty 17439:2005 Alexandria riot 16844:Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb 16649:Khaled Mohamed Saeed 16574:Abdelaziz Bouteflika 15545:October 2014 attacks 15399:Constituent Assembly 15097:Uprising (2012 film) 15033:on 26 November 2012. 15019:"Egyptian elections" 14997:Global Voices Online 14966:"Egypt's Revolution" 14908:. UK. 26 March 2011. 14874:Agence France-Presse 14849:. Chart provided by 14818:29 June 2017 at the 14014:. 11 February 2011. 13984:. 17 February 2011. 13902:. 18 February 2011. 13322:. 12 February 2011. 13219:on 22 February 2011. 13195:University of London 12137:on 29 February 2012. 12100:on 22 February 2011. 11717:"Live: Egypt Unrest" 10374:. Associated Press. 9699:on 30 November 2012. 7826:on 26 December 2011. 7808:on 26 December 2011. 7556:. Al-Masry Al-Youm. 7516:on 28 December 2011. 7172:Israeli News Company 7102:The Canadian Charger 6405:"Egypt Economy 2011" 5479: pp. 36–56 5477:Arab Studies Journal 5472:4 April 2012 at the 5454:Arab Studies Journal 5002:. Fox News Channel. 4752:. BBC. 8 July 2011. 4152:– political activist 4146:– political activist 4114:Freedom in the World 4078:1967 Hong Kong riots 3696:Role of the military 3535:Regional instability 3301:11–18 February 2011 3113:Protesters' demands 2636:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 1878:improve this article 1829:Twenty-six-year-old 1785:Ghad El-Thawra Party 1758:Ministry of Interior 1568:. The international 1303:'s rise to power in 1280:Inheritance of power 1242:and maintaining the 1232:Arab Socialist Union 1228:Arab Socialist Union 1180:al-Thawrah al-bayḍāʾ 1113:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 958:, also known as the 348:to replace Mubarak; 205:Political repression 165:Political censorship 21067:1987 Mecca incident 20963:Iranian involvement 20882:1979 Qatif Uprising 20571:1987 Mecca incident 20474:Iranian involvement 20404:1979 Qatif Uprising 20223:Lesothan conflicts 20148:1993–2005 Civil War 19866:Afar–Somali clashes 19654:2022–2024 offensive 19649:2012–2013 rebellion 19491:Ivorian Civil Wars 19324:Tunisian revolution 19266:2014–2020 civil war 19246:2008 Kufra conflict 19183:conflicts in Africa 18753:Freedom of religion 18648:Mass sexual assault 18013:Timekeeping devices 17911:2013 Rabaa massacre 17884:Egyptian–Libyan War 17399:Helwan riots (1945) 16936:Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar 16869:Rashid al-Ghannushi 16824:Wael Nader al-Halqi 16714:Mustafa Abdul-Jelil 16604:Ali Jawad al-Sheikh 15877:(Interior Minister) 15687:(Interior Minister) 15525:August 2011 attacks 14972:on 29 January 2011. 14864:The Washington Post 14852:The Washington Post 14485:on 25 December 2011 14218:on 14 November 2012 14111:on 14 November 2012 13549:on 22 November 2012 13523:on 23 December 2014 13408:. 30 January 2011. 13370:(30 January 2011). 12975:on 22 February 2014 12224:on 22 February 2011 12024:, Daily News Egypt. 11789:. 30 January 2011. 11414:The Huffington Post 11331:on 13 February 2011 11247:. 31 January 2011. 11215:. 31 January 2011. 11110:on 22 February 2011 10960:. 1 February 2011. 10863:The Daily Telegraph 10049:The Washington Post 9618:The Daily Telegraph 9591:The Washington Post 9423:The Washington Post 9398:. CNN. 30 June 2012 9327:The Washington Post 9053:The Washington Post 8945:. IOL News. Reuters 8864:The Huffington Post 8791:The Washington Post 8662:. CNN. 18 June 2012 8634:The Washington Post 8475:The Washington Post 8397:The Washington Post 8199:The Washington Post 7895:The Washington Post 7585:The Huffington Post 7496:The Washington Post 7096:(5 February 2011). 7077:(2 February 2011). 7023:. 4 February 2011. 6979:Inter Press Service 6894:. 23 January 2011. 6724:The Washington Post 6681:. 21 February 2011. 6495:The Huffington Post 6324:on 8 September 2010 6225:on 1 February 2011. 6023:on 21 February 2011 5245:on 13 February 2011 4975:. 31 January 2011. 4643:on 5 September 2015 4541:The Daily Telegraph 4356:, 11 February 2011. 3957:studied the use of 3953:Journalism scholar 3793:Israeli–Palestinian 3763:killing at least 24 3722:Egyptian presidents 3714:systemic corruption 3523:premeditated murder 3460:human rights abuses 3287:Announced; not met 3170:4. Dismantling the 3114: 2898:Al-Azhar University 2021:Egyptian Christians 1764:for the president. 1754:National Police Day 1711:The Washington Post 1697:Tunisian revolution 1691:Tunisian revolution 1467:Election corruption 1354:Law No. 162 of 1958 1334:the 2011 protests. 1040:regime. Strikes by 898:Corruption in Egypt 813:Insurgency in Egypt 574:Prominent activists 346:Democratic election 328:Dissolution of the 218:Democratic election 124: / 21269:Iran International 21109:2015 Mina stampede 20978:Axis of Resistance 20862:Iranian Revolution 20778:Iran International 20613:2015 Mina stampede 20489:Axis of Resistance 20384:Iranian Revolution 20270:Colour revolutions 20068:Sudanese civil war 19920:2009–present phase 19661:Batwa–Luba clashes 19530:Casamance conflict 19407:Tuareg rebellions 19367:Religious violence 19313:Algerian Civil War 19229:Terrorism in Egypt 18943:Art (contemporary) 18623:Capital punishment 18513:Telecommunications 18190:Towns and villages 18158:Qattara Depression 17971:Muslim Brotherhood 17941:Cigarette industry 17801:British occupation 17712:Crusader invasions 17682:Rashidun Caliphate 17242:domestic responses 17227:Domestic reactions 16916:Ali Abdullah Saleh 16859:Mohamed Ghannouchi 16348:Muslim Brotherhood 16135:Maikel Nabil Sanad 16130:Israa Abdel Fattah 16115:Alaa Abd El-Fattah 16095:Hossam el-Hamalawy 16002:Opposition figures 15965:Strong Egypt Party 15875:Ahmed Gamal el-Din 15871:(Foreign Minister) 15808:(Foreign Minister) 15720:Ahmad Fathi Sorour 15681:(Foreign Minister) 15589:6th October Bridge 15579:Qasr El Nil Bridge 15530:August 2012 attack 15480:January 2014 Cairo 15421:June 2013 protests 15416:2012–2013 protests 15271:Domestic responses 15256:Revolution of 2011 15176:"Tahrir Documents" 15124:Norman Finkelstein 13702:on 1 February 2011 13348:. Apnews.myway.com 13171:on 22 January 2011 13136:The New York Times 13089:The New York Times 13054:The New York Times 12907:The New York Times 12843:The Jerusalem Post 12702:on 31 January 2011 12423:The Jerusalem Post 12289:The Jerusalem Post 12218:The Globe and Mail 11905:on 2 February 2014 11873:The New York Times 11848:on 4 February 2011 11727:on 29 January 2011 11608:on 31 January 2011 11556:on 31 January 2011 11473:The New York Times 10929:on 1 February 2011 10820:. 31 January 2011. 10743:on 4 February 2011 10713:on 22 January 2011 10489:The New York Times 10336:The New York Times 10281:on 1 February 2011 10158:The New York Times 10132:. 25 November 2011 10025:on 9 February 2011 9843:. 12 August 2014. 9840:Human Rights Watch 9814:The New York Times 9673:. 23 November 2012 9671:The New York Times 9647:. 24 November 2012 9532:. 22 November 2012 9505:The New York Times 9448:Egypt News English 9376:. Cairo: allAfrica 9352:The New York Times 9204:on 29 October 2012 9079:The New York Times 9028:on 22 October 2012 8997:on 5 November 2012 8577:The New York Times 8546:The New York Times 8449:The New York Times 8371:The New York Times 8318:The New York Times 8173:The New York Times 8148:. CNN. 31 May 2012 8072:The New York Times 7901:on 8 December 2018 7870:on 1 February 2016 7781:The New York Times 7372:on 1 February 2016 7062:The New York Times 6760:on 4 February 2011 6649:The New York Times 6410:CIA World Factbook 6385:on 4 February 2011 6049:. 20 December 2011 5965:The New York Times 5657:on 29 January 2011 5565:The New York Times 5465:Bee, Jason (2008) 5381:. 12 February 2011 5357:The Indian Express 5327:The New York Times 5090:The New York Times 4949:on 31 January 2011 4478:The New York Times 4279:on 9 February 2011 4240:on 1 February 2011 4205:on 1 February 2011 4088:Grigoris Lambrakis 4083:Lebanese Civil War 3939:Al Jazeera English 3850:The New York Times 3838: 3829: 3809:Camp David Accords 3741: 3706: 3669: 3360: 3112: 3110: 3102: 3070:, a subsidiary of 2924:Benjamin Netanyahu 2858: 2850: 2705: 2689:sexually assaulted 2676: 2648:President of Egypt 2638:, the head of the 2520:: After the first 2498:Muslim Brotherhood 2347:Hossam el-Hamalawy 2199:Ahmad Fathi Sorour 1960: 1952: 1940: 1932: 1733: 1676:, the student-led 1558:Gamal Abdel Nasser 1543: 1509: 1505:population pyramid 1406:The deployment of 1376:Muslim Brotherhood 1350:state of emergency 1348:Egypt was under a 1293: 1274:Gamal Abdel Nasser 1212:President of Egypt 1205: 1134:Thawrat 25 Yanāyir 1096:Muslim Brotherhood 1012:Egyptian President 1000:civil disobedience 903:Terrorism in Egypt 495:President of Egypt 438:Muslim Brotherhood 427:Opposition groups: 340:state of emergency 321:Disbanding of the 311:Suspension of the 238:Civil disobedience 225:and his government 133:30.04444; 31.23556 86:– 11 February 2011 69:on 8 February 2011 21371:Protests in Egypt 21366:Politics of Egypt 21303: 21302: 21163:Iranian relations 21019:Yemeni revolution 21002:Houthi insurgency 20968:Saudi involvement 20812: 20811: 20667:Iranian relations 20523:Yemeni revolution 20506:Houthi insurgency 20479:Saudi involvement 20278: 20277: 20243: 20242: 20163: 20162: 20114:Rwandan Civil War 20062:Blue Nile clashes 20044:Nomadic conflicts 20000:Nomadic conflicts 19804: 19803: 19643:March 23 Movement 19578:Angolan Civil War 19557: 19556: 19333: 19332: 19145: 19144: 19093: 19092: 19089: 19088: 19017:Football stadiums 18948:Botanical gardens 18827:Catholic dioceses 18719:Gender inequality 18643:Human trafficking 18574: 18573: 18508:Tallest buildings 18469:Military industry 18385: 18384: 18326:Political parties 18279:Islamic extremism 18267:Foreign relations 18208: 18207: 18049: 18048: 18045: 18044: 17789:French occupation 17707:Fatimid Caliphate 17702:Ikhshidid dynasty 17531: 17530: 17409:Cairo fire (1952) 17334: 17333: 16879:Beji Caid Essebsi 16819:Riyad Farid Hijab 16659:Mohamed ElBaradei 16207:Events by country 16153: 16152: 16009:Mohamed ElBaradei 15975:Zamalek’s Ultras 15933:Opposition groups 15928: 15927: 15895:Khairat el-Shater 15869:Mohamed Kamel Amr 15861:(Prime Minister, 15815: 15814: 15806:Mohamed Kamel Amr 15738: 15737: 15679:Ahmed Aboul Gheit 15671:(Prime Minister, 15661:(Prime Minister, 15615: 15614: 15553: 15552: 15495:2014 Constitution 15465:Battle of Kerdasa 15409:2012 Constitution 14938:"Unrest in Egypt" 14902:"Egypt's new era" 14775:978-0-691-13665-3 14722:978-1-84813-021-0 14703:978-1-4039-8477-7 14477:Panisson, André. 14342:. 15 January 2011 14175:"Previous Debate" 14155:. Pulitzer Center 13812:. 8 February 2011 13758:. 22 January 2009 13295:Project Syndicate 12876:Project Syndicate 12760:978-1-59884-921-9 12473:. 16 April 2011. 12250:on 14 March 2011. 11994:978-1-108-84585-4 11448:. 29 January 2011 11270:Trimel, Suzanne. 11084:Egypt: The Mayhem 11046:. 19 April 2011. 10897:Los Angeles Times 10613:on 13 August 2011 10104:Los Angeles Times 10051:. 31 January 2011 9878:on 21 August 2013 8895:Los Angeles Times 8125:Egypt Independent 7953:. 24 January 2012 7927:. 24 January 2012 7844:on 14 August 2014 7259:Los Angeles Times 6866:. 18 January 2011 6726:. 15 January 2011 6475:978-1-902339-57-3 6451:978-0-691-13665-3 6080:on 27 April 2011. 6074:Egypt Independent 5831:(Press release). 4886:The Seattle Times 4782:. 24 January 2012 4780:Egypt Independent 4617:on 6 January 2012 4587:. 20 April 2011. 4399:. 15 March 2011. 3963:cleanup templates 3846:strike on 6 April 3547:wave of uprisings 3387:Al-Wasat Al-Jadid 3344: 3343: 3207:13 February 2011 3154:on 22 March 2015 3135:11 February 2011 3041:Mohamed ElBaradei 2944:began evacuating 2847: 2671: 2569:Mohamed ElBaradei 2335:Coptic Christians 2229:Muslims attacked 2152:mass surveillance 2098:and steel tycoon 1924: 1910: 1909: 1902: 1813:Khaled Aboul Naga 1646:a number of legal 1631:E£12 billion 1627:E£13 billion 1619:E£11 billion 1593:Interior Ministry 1570:economic downturn 1522:According to the 1444:Mohamed ElBaradei 1240:Islamic militants 1161:Thawrat al-Shabāb 1030:freedom of speech 1028:, civil liberty, 1026:political freedom 976: 952: 951: 732: 731: 685:During revolution 601:Mohamed ElBaradei 589:Ahmed Hassan Said 563:Pope Shenouda III 467: 466: 21413: 21294: 21293: 21144:2019 Afif attack 21024:Yemeni civil war 20953:Syrian civil war 20839: 20832: 20825: 20816: 20815: 20803: 20802: 20648:2019 Afif attack 20528:Yemeni civil war 20464:Syrian civil war 20333:Diplomatic posts 20327: 20326: 20317: 20316: 20305: 20298: 20291: 20282: 20281: 20218:Caprivi conflict 20174: 20173: 20153:2015–2018 unrest 19959:Likoni massacres 19948:Ethnic conflicts 19910:Somali Civil War 19815: 19814: 19613:Second Congo War 19568: 19567: 19344: 19343: 19223:Post-coup unrest 19217:Sinai insurgency 19196: 19195: 19172: 19165: 19158: 19149: 19148: 19135: 19134: 19125: 19124: 19115: 19105: 19104: 18910:Waste management 18675:Academic grading 18593: 18592: 18580: 18579: 18552:Railway stations 18530:Cultural tourism 18429:Economic regions 18391: 18390: 18214: 18213: 18055: 18054: 17724:Mamluk Sultanate 17655:Diocese of Egypt 17638:Battle of Actium 17587: 17586: 17574: 17573: 17558: 17551: 17544: 17535: 17534: 17373: 17372: 17361: 17354: 17347: 17338: 17337: 17324: 17323: 16889:Mohamed Bouazizi 16794:Hassan al-Turabi 16769:Khaled al-Johani 16724:Mohammed Nabbous 16689:Marouf al-Bakhit 16684:King Abdullah II 16483:Foreign fighters 16458:Free Syrian Army 16446:National Command 16441:Regional Command 16180: 16173: 16166: 16157: 16156: 16059:Hisham Bastawisy 15844:(Vice President) 15826: 15825: 15802:(Prime Minister) 15761:Muhammad Tantawi 15749: 15748: 15725:Safwat El-Sherif 15644:(Vice President) 15626: 15625: 15562: 15561: 15512:Sinai insurgency 15460:Kerdasa massacre 15426:2013 coup d'état 15243: 15242: 15211: 15204: 15197: 15188: 15187: 15182: 15158: 15150: 15148: 15146: 15141:on 13 April 2012 15135:"Isqat Al-Nizam" 15063: 15050:Full translation 15034: 15022: 14973: 14945: 14933: 14921: 14909: 14885:News Middle East 14791:Available Online 14779: 14760: 14737: 14726: 14707: 14676: 14675: 14673: 14671: 14655: 14649: 14648: 14646: 14644: 14632:Parshley, Lois. 14629: 14623: 14622: 14610: 14604: 14603: 14601: 14599: 14594:on 12 April 2013 14583: 14577: 14576: 14548: 14542: 14541: 14513: 14504: 14501: 14495: 14494: 14492: 14490: 14481:. Archived from 14474: 14468: 14467: 14443: 14434: 14433: 14431: 14429: 14424:on 21 March 2015 14420:. Archived from 14407: 14401: 14400: 14398: 14396: 14381: 14375: 14374: 14372: 14370: 14358: 14352: 14351: 14349: 14347: 14332: 14326: 14325: 14320:. Archived from 14318:Businessweek.com 14310: 14304: 14303: 14291: 14285: 14284: 14272: 14266: 14265: 14263: 14261: 14246: 14240: 14234: 14228: 14227: 14225: 14223: 14217: 14202: 14193: 14187: 14186: 14184: 14182: 14171: 14165: 14164: 14162: 14160: 14149: 14143: 14142: 14140: 14138: 14127: 14121: 14120: 14118: 14116: 14110: 14095: 14086: 14080: 14079: 14077: 14075: 14060: 14054: 14053: 14051: 14049: 14034: 14028: 14027: 14025: 14023: 14004: 13998: 13997: 13995: 13993: 13974: 13968: 13967: 13965: 13963: 13952: 13946: 13945: 13943: 13941: 13922: 13916: 13915: 13913: 13911: 13890: 13884: 13883: 13881: 13879: 13869: 13861: 13855: 13854: 13852: 13850: 13844: 13828: 13822: 13821: 13819: 13817: 13796: 13790: 13789: 13787: 13785: 13774: 13768: 13767: 13765: 13763: 13748: 13742: 13741: 13739: 13737: 13718: 13712: 13711: 13709: 13707: 13698:. Archived from 13685: 13679: 13678: 13676: 13674: 13663: 13657: 13656: 13650: 13642: 13640: 13638: 13626: 13620: 13619: 13608: 13602: 13601: 13589: 13583: 13565: 13559: 13558: 13556: 13554: 13539: 13533: 13532: 13530: 13528: 13513: 13507: 13506: 13504: 13502: 13482: 13476: 13475: 13473: 13471: 13451: 13445: 13444: 13442: 13440: 13428: 13422: 13421: 13419: 13417: 13398: 13392: 13391: 13389: 13387: 13364: 13358: 13357: 13355: 13353: 13342: 13336: 13335: 13333: 13331: 13312: 13306: 13305: 13303: 13301: 13286: 13277: 13276: 13274: 13272: 13257: 13248: 13247: 13245: 13243: 13238:on 15 April 2011 13227: 13221: 13220: 13208: 13202: 13187: 13181: 13180: 13178: 13176: 13154: 13148: 13147: 13145: 13143: 13126: 13120: 13119: 13117: 13115: 13100: 13094: 13093: 13079: 13073: 13072: 13070: 13068: 13045: 13039: 13038: 13036: 13034: 13029:. 1 January 2011 13019: 13013: 13012: 13010: 13008: 13003:. 4 January 2011 12991: 12985: 12984: 12982: 12980: 12971:. Archived from 12960: 12954: 12953: 12951: 12949: 12929: 12923: 12922: 12920: 12918: 12898: 12892: 12891: 12889: 12887: 12882:on 30 April 2011 12868: 12859: 12858: 12856: 12854: 12834: 12828: 12827: 12825: 12823: 12814:. 4 March 2011. 12804: 12798: 12797: 12795: 12793: 12778: 12772: 12771: 12769: 12767: 12744: 12738: 12737: 12735: 12733: 12728:on 14 March 2011 12718: 12712: 12711: 12709: 12707: 12688: 12682: 12681: 12679: 12677: 12672:on 14 March 2011 12662: 12656: 12655: 12653: 12651: 12636: 12630: 12629: 12627: 12625: 12610: 12604: 12603: 12601: 12599: 12594:on 25 April 2011 12584: 12578: 12577: 12575: 12573: 12553: 12547: 12546: 12544: 12542: 12523: 12517: 12516: 12514: 12512: 12493: 12487: 12486: 12484: 12482: 12467: 12461: 12460: 12458: 12456: 12441: 12435: 12434: 12432: 12430: 12415: 12409: 12408: 12406: 12404: 12393: 12387: 12386: 12384: 12382: 12367: 12361: 12360: 12358: 12356: 12347:. 3 March 2011. 12337: 12331: 12330: 12328: 12326: 12311: 12305: 12304: 12302: 12300: 12280: 12274: 12273: 12271: 12269: 12258: 12252: 12251: 12240: 12234: 12233: 12231: 12229: 12210: 12204: 12203: 12201: 12199: 12184: 12175: 12174: 12163: 12157: 12156: 12145: 12139: 12138: 12133:. Archived from 12122: 12116: 12115: 12108: 12102: 12101: 12090: 12084: 12083: 12082:on 30 July 2013. 12078:. Archived from 12065: 12059: 12049: 12043: 12042: 12031: 12025: 12019: 12013: 12012: 12005: 11999: 11998: 11978: 11972: 11971: 11969: 11967: 11958:. Archived from 11947: 11941: 11940: 11938: 11936: 11921: 11915: 11914: 11912: 11910: 11901:. Archived from 11890: 11884: 11883: 11881: 11879: 11864: 11858: 11857: 11855: 11853: 11837: 11831: 11830: 11828: 11826: 11809: 11803: 11802: 11800: 11798: 11777: 11771: 11770: 11768: 11766: 11746: 11740: 11739: 11734: 11732: 11713: 11707: 11706: 11704: 11702: 11683: 11677: 11676: 11674: 11672: 11657: 11651: 11650: 11648: 11646: 11624: 11618: 11617: 11615: 11613: 11598: 11592: 11591: 11589: 11587: 11572: 11566: 11565: 11563: 11561: 11544: 11538: 11537: 11535: 11533: 11514: 11508: 11507: 11495: 11489: 11488: 11486: 11484: 11464: 11458: 11457: 11455: 11453: 11436: 11430: 11429: 11427: 11425: 11405: 11399: 11398: 11396: 11394: 11374: 11368: 11367: 11365: 11363: 11347: 11341: 11340: 11338: 11336: 11327:. Archived from 11320: 11314: 11313: 11311: 11309: 11294: 11288: 11287: 11285: 11283: 11274:. Archived from 11267: 11261: 11260: 11258: 11256: 11235: 11229: 11228: 11226: 11224: 11205: 11199: 11198: 11196: 11194: 11179: 11173: 11172: 11170: 11168: 11148: 11142: 11141: 11139: 11137: 11126: 11120: 11119: 11117: 11115: 11106:. Archived from 11096: 11090: 11081: 11075: 11069: 11060: 11059: 11057: 11055: 11043:Al-Masry Al-Youm 11034: 11028: 11027: 11025: 11023: 11012: 11006: 11005: 11003: 11001: 10996:on 21 April 2011 10995: 10988: 10980: 10974: 10973: 10971: 10969: 10948: 10939: 10938: 10936: 10934: 10919: 10913: 10912: 10910: 10908: 10888: 10879: 10878: 10876: 10874: 10855: 10849: 10848: 10846: 10844: 10828: 10822: 10821: 10814: 10808: 10807: 10805: 10803: 10792: 10786: 10785: 10783: 10781: 10759: 10753: 10752: 10750: 10748: 10729: 10723: 10722: 10720: 10718: 10692: 10686: 10685: 10683: 10681: 10676:on 21 April 2011 10660: 10654: 10653: 10651: 10649: 10629: 10623: 10622: 10620: 10618: 10601: 10595: 10594: 10592: 10590: 10585:on 27 April 2011 10584: 10579:. Archived from 10568: 10562: 10561: 10559: 10557: 10537: 10531: 10530: 10528: 10526: 10511: 10505: 10504: 10502: 10500: 10480: 10474: 10473: 10467: 10459: 10457: 10455: 10443: 10437: 10436: 10434: 10432: 10417: 10411: 10410: 10408: 10406: 10394: 10388: 10387: 10385: 10383: 10363: 10352: 10351: 10349: 10347: 10327: 10321: 10320: 10318: 10316: 10311:on 26 April 2011 10297: 10291: 10290: 10288: 10286: 10277:. Archived from 10266: 10260: 10259: 10257: 10255: 10233: 10227: 10226: 10224: 10222: 10203: 10197: 10196: 10194: 10192: 10176: 10170: 10169: 10167: 10165: 10148: 10142: 10141: 10139: 10137: 10122: 10116: 10115: 10113: 10111: 10094: 10088: 10087: 10085: 10083: 10078:on 6 August 2012 10067: 10061: 10060: 10058: 10056: 10041: 10035: 10034: 10032: 10030: 10015: 10009: 10008: 10006: 10004: 9989: 9983: 9982: 9980: 9978: 9964: 9958: 9957: 9955: 9953: 9942: 9936: 9935: 9933: 9931: 9916: 9910: 9909: 9907: 9905: 9894: 9888: 9887: 9885: 9883: 9874:. Archived from 9872:Daily News Egypt 9863: 9857: 9856: 9854: 9852: 9831: 9825: 9824: 9822: 9820: 9805: 9799: 9798: 9796: 9794: 9779: 9773: 9772: 9770: 9768: 9757: 9751: 9745: 9739: 9733: 9727: 9726: 9724: 9722: 9713:. 28 June 2013. 9707: 9701: 9700: 9693:"Press Releases" 9689: 9683: 9682: 9680: 9678: 9663: 9657: 9656: 9654: 9652: 9637: 9631: 9630: 9628: 9626: 9608: 9602: 9601: 9599: 9597: 9582: 9576: 9575: 9572:Internet Archive 9562: 9556: 9555: 9548: 9542: 9541: 9539: 9537: 9522: 9516: 9515: 9513: 9511: 9496: 9490: 9489: 9487: 9485: 9470: 9464: 9463: 9461: 9459: 9440: 9434: 9433: 9431: 9429: 9414: 9408: 9407: 9405: 9403: 9392: 9386: 9385: 9383: 9381: 9369: 9363: 9362: 9360: 9358: 9344: 9338: 9337: 9335: 9333: 9318: 9312: 9311: 9309: 9307: 9298:. Archived from 9296:Daily News Egypt 9287: 9281: 9280: 9278: 9276: 9264: 9258: 9257: 9255: 9253: 9242: 9236: 9235: 9233: 9231: 9220: 9214: 9213: 9211: 9209: 9194: 9188: 9187: 9185: 9183: 9167: 9161: 9160: 9158: 9156: 9141: 9135: 9134: 9132: 9130: 9118: 9112: 9111: 9109: 9107: 9096: 9090: 9089: 9087: 9085: 9070: 9064: 9063: 9061: 9059: 9044: 9038: 9037: 9035: 9033: 9024:. Archived from 9013: 9007: 9006: 9004: 9002: 8987: 8981: 8980: 8978: 8976: 8961: 8955: 8954: 8952: 8950: 8938: 8932: 8931: 8929: 8927: 8912: 8906: 8905: 8903: 8901: 8886: 8880: 8879: 8877: 8875: 8856: 8850: 8849: 8847: 8845: 8834: 8828: 8827: 8825: 8823: 8811: 8802: 8801: 8799: 8797: 8782: 8776: 8775: 8773: 8771: 8759: 8753: 8752: 8750: 8748: 8733: 8727: 8726: 8724: 8722: 8711: 8702: 8701: 8699: 8697: 8685: 8672: 8671: 8669: 8667: 8656: 8645: 8644: 8642: 8640: 8625: 8614: 8613: 8611: 8609: 8594: 8588: 8587: 8585: 8583: 8568: 8557: 8556: 8554: 8552: 8537: 8531: 8530: 8528: 8526: 8514: 8508: 8507: 8505: 8503: 8492: 8486: 8485: 8483: 8481: 8466: 8460: 8459: 8457: 8455: 8440: 8434: 8433: 8431: 8429: 8417: 8408: 8407: 8405: 8403: 8388: 8382: 8381: 8379: 8377: 8362: 8351: 8350: 8348: 8346: 8335: 8329: 8328: 8326: 8324: 8309: 8303: 8302: 8300: 8298: 8287: 8281: 8280: 8278: 8276: 8265: 8259: 8258: 8256: 8254: 8242: 8236: 8235: 8233: 8231: 8216: 8210: 8209: 8207: 8205: 8190: 8184: 8183: 8181: 8179: 8164: 8158: 8157: 8155: 8153: 8142: 8136: 8135: 8133: 8131: 8116: 8110: 8109: 8107: 8105: 8089: 8083: 8082: 8080: 8078: 8063: 8057: 8056: 8054: 8052: 8040: 8034: 8033: 8031: 8029: 8017: 8011: 8010: 8008: 8006: 7995: 7989: 7988: 7986: 7984: 7969: 7963: 7962: 7960: 7958: 7943: 7937: 7936: 7934: 7932: 7917: 7911: 7910: 7908: 7906: 7886: 7880: 7879: 7877: 7875: 7860: 7854: 7853: 7851: 7849: 7834: 7828: 7827: 7816: 7810: 7809: 7798: 7792: 7791: 7789: 7787: 7772: 7761: 7760: 7758: 7756: 7745: 7739: 7738: 7736: 7734: 7723: 7717: 7716: 7714: 7712: 7700: 7694: 7693: 7691: 7689: 7674: 7668: 7667: 7660: 7654: 7653: 7651: 7649: 7638: 7632: 7631: 7629: 7627: 7612: 7606: 7603: 7597: 7596: 7594: 7592: 7576: 7570: 7569: 7567: 7565: 7550: 7544: 7543: 7541: 7539: 7524: 7518: 7517: 7506: 7500: 7499: 7498:. 22 March 2011. 7488: 7482: 7481: 7479: 7477: 7472:on 30 April 2011 7460: 7454: 7453: 7445: 7439: 7438: 7436: 7434: 7414: 7408: 7407: 7405: 7403: 7388: 7382: 7381: 7379: 7377: 7358: 7352: 7351: 7349: 7347: 7338:. 1 March 2011. 7328: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7317: 7302: 7296: 7295: 7284: 7278: 7277: 7275: 7273: 7250: 7244: 7243: 7241: 7239: 7225: 7219: 7218: 7213:Witzel, Annika. 7210: 7204: 7203: 7201: 7199: 7189: 7183: 7182: 7180: 7178: 7163: 7157: 7156: 7154: 7152: 7137: 7131: 7130: 7128: 7126: 7111: 7105: 7094: 7088: 7072: 7066: 7055: 7049: 7043: 7037: 7036: 7034: 7032: 7007: 7001: 7000: 6988: 6982: 6971: 6965: 6964: 6962: 6960: 6950: 6944: 6943: 6941: 6939: 6917: 6908: 6907: 6905: 6903: 6882: 6876: 6875: 6873: 6871: 6856: 6850: 6849: 6847: 6845: 6834: 6828: 6827: 6825: 6823: 6803: 6797: 6796: 6794: 6792: 6776: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6765: 6756:. Archived from 6745: 6736: 6735: 6733: 6731: 6716: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6705: 6689: 6683: 6682: 6671: 6665: 6664: 6662: 6660: 6640: 6634: 6633: 6631: 6629: 6614:"CPI 2010 table" 6610: 6604: 6603: 6601: 6599: 6584: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6573: 6568:on 26 April 2011 6558: 6543: 6542: 6540: 6538: 6517: 6511: 6510: 6508: 6506: 6486: 6480: 6479: 6462: 6456: 6455: 6433: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6422: 6401: 6395: 6394: 6392: 6390: 6369: 6363: 6362: 6343: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6329: 6314: 6308: 6298: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6280: 6274: 6273: 6272:on 4 March 2016. 6271: 6265:. Archived from 6264: 6255: 6246: 6245: 6233: 6227: 6226: 6211: 6205: 6204: 6192: 6186: 6185: 6173: 6167: 6166: 6164: 6162: 6147: 6141: 6140: 6138: 6136: 6116: 6110: 6109: 6107: 6105: 6088: 6082: 6081: 6076:. Archived from 6065: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6039: 6033: 6032: 6030: 6028: 6013: 6007: 6006: 6004: 6002: 5997:. 13 August 2007 5987: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5976: 5956: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5936:. Archived from 5929: 5923: 5922: 5910: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5879: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5868: 5851: 5845: 5844: 5842: 5840: 5825: 5819: 5818: 5816: 5814: 5794: 5788: 5787: 5785: 5783: 5763: 5757: 5756: 5754: 5752: 5735: 5729: 5728: 5704: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5693: 5684:. Archived from 5673: 5667: 5666: 5664: 5662: 5653:. Archived from 5646: 5637: 5636: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5611: 5600: 5599: 5587: 5581: 5580: 5578: 5576: 5556: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5545: 5529: 5523: 5522: 5520: 5518: 5502: 5496: 5486: 5480: 5463: 5457: 5450: 5444: 5443: 5425: 5416: 5415: 5397: 5391: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5375: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5349: 5343: 5342: 5340: 5338: 5318: 5307: 5306: 5304: 5302: 5297:on 30 April 2011 5287: 5281: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5271:on 14 March 2011 5261: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5229: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5196: 5185: 5179: 5178: 5176: 5174: 5165:. Archived from 5155: 5149: 5148: 5146: 5144: 5133: 5127: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5107: 5101: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5081: 5075: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5055: 5049: 5048: 5036: 5030: 5029: 5022: 5016: 5015: 5013: 5011: 4995: 4989: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4965: 4959: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4945:. Archived from 4934: 4928: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4908: 4902: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4877: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4846: 4840: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4820: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4772: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4746: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4720: 4714: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4692:. Thenational.ae 4685: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4659: 4653: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4633: 4627: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4607: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4577: 4571: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4551: 4545: 4544: 4533: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4503: 4494: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4469: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4437: 4431: 4430: 4429:. 16 April 2011. 4419: 4413: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4393: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4363: 4357: 4347: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4321: 4315: 4314: 4295: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4265: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4226: 4215: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4195: 4094:Syrian civil war 4056: 4051: 4050: 4042: 4037: 4036: 4035: 3495:and businessman 3489:Safwat El Sherif 3456:money laundering 3409:(Islamic law)." 3396: 3395:حزب الوسط الجديد 3376:William J. Burns 3366: 3365:E£4 million 3290:7 February 2011 3237:9. Removing the 3196:3 February 2011 3153: 3149: 3115: 3111: 3035: 2842: 2840: 2672: 2654:Protests by city 2650:on 8 June 2014. 2631:new constitution 2370:17 December 2011 2203:Safwat El-Sherif 2182: 2174:Egyptian Cabinet 2073:13 February 2011 2039:10 February 2011 1925: 1905: 1898: 1894: 1891: 1885: 1862: 1854: 1797:Democratic Front 1741:Mohamed Bouazizi 1636: 1632: 1628: 1625:is estimated at 1620: 1616: 1560:, becoming more 1552:Economy of Egypt 1491:Demographic trap 1417: 1392:Police brutality 1321:Daily News Egypt 1178: 1177: 1172: 1171: 1159: 1158: 1152:Thawrat al-Ġaḍab 1150: 1149: 1141: 1140: 1132: 1131: 1117:election in 2014 1081:Muhammad Tantawi 1022:police brutality 996:civil resistance 988:police brutality 981: 971: 969: 944: 937: 930: 919: 918: 778:Sinai insurgency 760: 743: 734: 733: 635: 634: 623: 622: 611: 610: 599: 598: 587: 586: 561: 560: 559: 551:Muhammad Tantawi 549: 548: 537: 536: 525: 524: 513: 512: 486: 485: 484: 450:(switched sides) 425: 424: 376: 375: 365: 364: 243:Civil resistance 200:Authoritarianism 180:Food price rises 150:Police brutality 139: 138: 136: 135: 134: 129: 125: 122: 121: 120: 117: 104: 102: 101: 85: 83: 63: 41: 33: 32: 21: 20: 21421: 21420: 21416: 21415: 21414: 21412: 21411: 21410: 21306: 21305: 21304: 21299: 21283: 21200: 21164: 21158: 21055: 20890: 20848: 20843: 20813: 20808: 20792: 20704: 20668: 20662: 20559: 20370: 20354: 20328: 20321: 20311: 20309: 20279: 20274: 20239: 20200: 20169:Southern Africa 20159: 20102: 20073: 20020: 20005:Ethnic violence 19982: 19977:Baragoi clashes 19936: 19892: 19800: 19772: 19762:(2016–present) 19743: 19718: 19717:Central African 19712: 19678: 19672: 19601:First Congo War 19589: 19553: 19506: 19480: 19454: 19445:Ndogboyosoi War 19433: 19396: 19380:(2003–present) 19356:(1998–present) 19329: 19301: 19286:(1970–present) 19272: 19234: 19212:2011 revolution 19206:Egyptian Crisis 19185: 19176: 19146: 19141: 19085: 19076:Public holidays 19066:National anthem 18919: 18832:Coptic Churches 18775:Egyptian Arabic 18685:Medical schools 18587: 18570: 18486:Nuclear program 18398: 18381: 18311:Nationality law 18304:Supreme Council 18289:Law enforcement 18221: 18204: 18180:Sinai Peninsula 18163:Red Sea Riviera 18062: 18041: 18017: 17919: 17806:1919 revolution 17794:Revolt of Cairo 17719:Ayyubid dynasty 17697:Tulunid dynasty 17581: 17568: 17562: 17532: 17527: 17496: 17448: 17377: 17367: 17365: 17335: 17330: 17312: 17253: 17222: 17164: 17123: 17039:Iraqi Kurdistan 16969:Occupy movement 16955: 16926:Tawakkol Karman 16864:Moncef Marzouki 16834:Burhan Ghalioun 16804:Bashar al-Assad 16774:Manal al-Sharif 16704:Muammar Gaddafi 16552: 16308: 16202: 16189: 16184: 16154: 16149: 16063: 15997: 15924: 15915:Mohamed Beltagy 15910:Saad El-Katatni 15880: 15847: 15821: 15811: 15786: 15767:Sami Hafez Anan 15744: 15734: 15690: 15647: 15621: 15611: 15593: 15549: 15535:Operation Sinai 15520:Operation Eagle 15506: 15486:Reform process 15430: 15395:Reform process 15376: 15316:Reform process 15282: 15234: 15220: 15215: 15174: 15171: 15153: 15144: 15142: 15133: 15120: 15111:Tickling Giants 15091:Wayback Machine 15070: 15062:on 1 July 2012. 15054: 15041: 15025: 15017: 15009:Wayback Machine 14984:Wayback Machine 14964: 14961: 14936: 14924: 14912: 14900: 14897: 14881:as provided by 14872:as provided by 14835:Digital Library 14820:Wayback Machine 14809:Crisis Response 14803:Egypt Resources 14799: 14794: 14776: 14723: 14715:. London: Zed. 14704: 14685: 14683:Further reading 14680: 14679: 14669: 14667: 14666:on 3 April 2013 14658:Kholeif, Omar. 14656: 14652: 14642: 14640: 14630: 14626: 14611: 14607: 14597: 14595: 14586:Smith, Amelia. 14584: 14580: 14549: 14545: 14514: 14507: 14502: 14498: 14488: 14486: 14475: 14471: 14444: 14437: 14427: 14425: 14416: 14408: 14404: 14394: 14392: 14382: 14378: 14368: 14366: 14365:. Global Voices 14359: 14355: 14345: 14343: 14334: 14333: 14329: 14312: 14311: 14307: 14292: 14288: 14273: 14269: 14259: 14257: 14256:on 24 June 2009 14248: 14247: 14243: 14235: 14231: 14221: 14219: 14215: 14200: 14194: 14190: 14180: 14178: 14173: 14172: 14168: 14158: 14156: 14151: 14150: 14146: 14136: 14134: 14133:. Democracy Now 14129: 14128: 14124: 14114: 14112: 14108: 14093: 14087: 14083: 14073: 14071: 14070:on 8 March 2011 14062: 14061: 14057: 14047: 14045: 14044:on 1 March 2011 14036: 14035: 14031: 14021: 14019: 14006: 14005: 14001: 13991: 13989: 13976: 13975: 13971: 13961: 13959: 13954: 13953: 13949: 13939: 13937: 13936:on 1 March 2011 13930:The Independent 13924: 13923: 13919: 13909: 13907: 13892: 13891: 13887: 13877: 13875: 13867: 13863: 13862: 13858: 13848: 13846: 13845:on 21 July 2011 13842: 13830: 13829: 13825: 13815: 13813: 13798: 13797: 13793: 13783: 13781: 13776: 13775: 13771: 13761: 13759: 13750: 13749: 13745: 13735: 13733: 13720: 13719: 13715: 13705: 13703: 13686: 13682: 13672: 13670: 13665: 13664: 13660: 13644: 13643: 13636: 13634: 13627: 13623: 13610: 13609: 13605: 13590: 13586: 13575:Wayback Machine 13566: 13562: 13552: 13550: 13541: 13540: 13536: 13526: 13524: 13515: 13514: 13510: 13500: 13498: 13483: 13479: 13469: 13467: 13452: 13448: 13438: 13436: 13435:. Masr or Egypt 13429: 13425: 13415: 13413: 13400: 13399: 13395: 13385: 13383: 13365: 13361: 13351: 13349: 13344: 13343: 13339: 13329: 13327: 13314: 13313: 13309: 13299: 13297: 13287: 13280: 13270: 13268: 13258: 13251: 13241: 13239: 13228: 13224: 13209: 13205: 13188: 13184: 13174: 13172: 13155: 13151: 13141: 13139: 13127: 13123: 13113: 13111: 13110:on 4 March 2011 13102: 13101: 13097: 13080: 13076: 13066: 13064: 13046: 13042: 13032: 13030: 13021: 13020: 13016: 13006: 13004: 12993: 12992: 12988: 12978: 12976: 12961: 12957: 12947: 12945: 12930: 12926: 12916: 12914: 12899: 12895: 12885: 12883: 12870: 12869: 12862: 12852: 12850: 12835: 12831: 12821: 12819: 12806: 12805: 12801: 12791: 12789: 12788:on 7 March 2011 12780: 12779: 12775: 12765: 12763: 12761: 12745: 12741: 12731: 12729: 12720: 12719: 12715: 12705: 12703: 12690: 12689: 12685: 12675: 12673: 12664: 12663: 12659: 12649: 12647: 12638: 12637: 12633: 12623: 12621: 12612: 12611: 12607: 12597: 12595: 12586: 12585: 12581: 12571: 12569: 12554: 12550: 12540: 12538: 12531:Al-Ahram Weekly 12525: 12524: 12520: 12510: 12508: 12503:. 24 May 2011. 12495: 12494: 12490: 12480: 12478: 12469: 12468: 12464: 12454: 12452: 12443: 12442: 12438: 12428: 12426: 12417: 12416: 12412: 12402: 12400: 12395: 12394: 12390: 12380: 12378: 12369: 12368: 12364: 12354: 12352: 12339: 12338: 12334: 12324: 12322: 12321:on 7 March 2011 12313: 12312: 12308: 12298: 12296: 12281: 12277: 12267: 12265: 12260: 12259: 12255: 12242: 12241: 12237: 12227: 12225: 12212: 12211: 12207: 12197: 12195: 12186: 12185: 12178: 12173:. 30 June 2012. 12165: 12164: 12160: 12147: 12146: 12142: 12123: 12119: 12110: 12109: 12105: 12092: 12091: 12087: 12066: 12062: 12050: 12046: 12033: 12032: 12028: 12020: 12016: 12007: 12006: 12002: 11995: 11979: 11975: 11965: 11963: 11948: 11944: 11934: 11932: 11922: 11918: 11908: 11906: 11891: 11887: 11877: 11875: 11865: 11861: 11851: 11849: 11838: 11834: 11824: 11822: 11815: 11811: 11810: 11806: 11796: 11794: 11783: 11779: 11778: 11774: 11764: 11762: 11747: 11743: 11730: 11728: 11715: 11714: 11710: 11700: 11698: 11685: 11684: 11680: 11670: 11668: 11659: 11658: 11654: 11644: 11642: 11625: 11621: 11611: 11609: 11600: 11599: 11595: 11585: 11583: 11574: 11573: 11569: 11559: 11557: 11550: 11546: 11545: 11541: 11531: 11529: 11520: 11516: 11515: 11511: 11496: 11492: 11482: 11480: 11465: 11461: 11451: 11449: 11438: 11437: 11433: 11423: 11421: 11406: 11402: 11392: 11390: 11375: 11371: 11361: 11359: 11348: 11344: 11334: 11332: 11321: 11317: 11307: 11305: 11296: 11295: 11291: 11281: 11279: 11268: 11264: 11254: 11252: 11237: 11236: 11232: 11222: 11220: 11207: 11206: 11202: 11192: 11190: 11189:on 2 April 2011 11181: 11180: 11176: 11166: 11164: 11149: 11145: 11135: 11133: 11128: 11127: 11123: 11113: 11111: 11098: 11097: 11093: 11082: 11078: 11070: 11063: 11053: 11051: 11036: 11035: 11031: 11021: 11019: 11014: 11013: 11009: 10999: 10997: 10993: 10986: 10982: 10981: 10977: 10967: 10965: 10950: 10949: 10942: 10932: 10930: 10921: 10920: 10916: 10906: 10904: 10889: 10882: 10872: 10870: 10857: 10856: 10852: 10842: 10840: 10829: 10825: 10816: 10815: 10811: 10801: 10799: 10794: 10793: 10789: 10779: 10777: 10760: 10756: 10746: 10744: 10731: 10730: 10726: 10716: 10714: 10694: 10693: 10689: 10679: 10677: 10666: 10662: 10661: 10657: 10647: 10645: 10630: 10626: 10616: 10614: 10607: 10603: 10602: 10598: 10588: 10586: 10569: 10565: 10555: 10553: 10538: 10534: 10524: 10522: 10513: 10512: 10508: 10498: 10496: 10481: 10477: 10461: 10460: 10453: 10451: 10444: 10440: 10430: 10428: 10419: 10418: 10414: 10404: 10402: 10395: 10391: 10381: 10379: 10364: 10355: 10345: 10343: 10328: 10324: 10314: 10312: 10299: 10298: 10294: 10284: 10282: 10267: 10263: 10253: 10251: 10234: 10230: 10220: 10218: 10204: 10200: 10190: 10188: 10177: 10173: 10163: 10161: 10149: 10145: 10135: 10133: 10124: 10123: 10119: 10109: 10107: 10095: 10091: 10081: 10079: 10068: 10064: 10054: 10052: 10043: 10042: 10038: 10028: 10026: 10017: 10016: 10012: 10002: 10000: 9990: 9986: 9976: 9974: 9966: 9965: 9961: 9951: 9949: 9944: 9943: 9939: 9929: 9927: 9917: 9913: 9903: 9901: 9896: 9895: 9891: 9881: 9879: 9864: 9860: 9850: 9848: 9833: 9832: 9828: 9818: 9816: 9806: 9802: 9792: 9790: 9781: 9780: 9776: 9766: 9764: 9759: 9758: 9754: 9746: 9742: 9734: 9730: 9720: 9718: 9709: 9708: 9704: 9691: 9690: 9686: 9676: 9674: 9665: 9664: 9660: 9650: 9648: 9639: 9638: 9634: 9624: 9622: 9609: 9605: 9595: 9593: 9583: 9579: 9564: 9563: 9559: 9550: 9549: 9545: 9535: 9533: 9524: 9523: 9519: 9509: 9507: 9497: 9493: 9483: 9481: 9471: 9467: 9457: 9455: 9442: 9441: 9437: 9427: 9425: 9415: 9411: 9401: 9399: 9394: 9393: 9389: 9379: 9377: 9370: 9366: 9356: 9354: 9345: 9341: 9331: 9329: 9319: 9315: 9305: 9303: 9288: 9284: 9274: 9272: 9265: 9261: 9251: 9249: 9244: 9243: 9239: 9229: 9227: 9222: 9221: 9217: 9207: 9205: 9196: 9195: 9191: 9181: 9179: 9178:on 20 June 2013 9168: 9164: 9154: 9152: 9143: 9142: 9138: 9128: 9126: 9119: 9115: 9105: 9103: 9098: 9097: 9093: 9083: 9081: 9071: 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8090: 8086: 8076: 8074: 8064: 8060: 8050: 8048: 8041: 8037: 8027: 8025: 8018: 8014: 8004: 8002: 7997: 7996: 7992: 7982: 7980: 7970: 7966: 7956: 7954: 7945: 7944: 7940: 7930: 7928: 7919: 7918: 7914: 7904: 7902: 7887: 7883: 7873: 7871: 7862: 7861: 7857: 7847: 7845: 7836: 7835: 7831: 7818: 7817: 7813: 7800: 7799: 7795: 7785: 7783: 7773: 7764: 7754: 7752: 7747: 7746: 7742: 7732: 7730: 7725: 7724: 7720: 7710: 7708: 7701: 7697: 7687: 7685: 7683:Al-Ahram Online 7675: 7671: 7662: 7661: 7657: 7647: 7645: 7640: 7639: 7635: 7625: 7623: 7614: 7613: 7609: 7604: 7600: 7590: 7588: 7577: 7573: 7563: 7561: 7552: 7551: 7547: 7537: 7535: 7526: 7525: 7521: 7508: 7507: 7503: 7490: 7489: 7485: 7475: 7473: 7466: 7462: 7461: 7457: 7446: 7442: 7432: 7430: 7415: 7411: 7401: 7399: 7398:on 6 March 2011 7390: 7389: 7385: 7375: 7373: 7360: 7359: 7355: 7345: 7343: 7336:Financial Times 7330: 7329: 7325: 7315: 7313: 7304: 7303: 7299: 7286: 7285: 7281: 7271: 7269: 7251: 7247: 7237: 7235: 7227: 7226: 7222: 7211: 7207: 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6066: 6062: 6052: 6050: 6047:Gulf Daily News 6041: 6040: 6036: 6026: 6024: 6015: 6014: 6010: 6000: 5998: 5989: 5988: 5984: 5974: 5972: 5957: 5953: 5943: 5941: 5940:on 7 April 2010 5930: 5926: 5911: 5907: 5897: 5895: 5880: 5876: 5866: 5864: 5852: 5848: 5838: 5836: 5827: 5826: 5822: 5812: 5810: 5795: 5791: 5781: 5779: 5764: 5760: 5750: 5748: 5736: 5732: 5725: 5705: 5701: 5691: 5689: 5688:on 15 July 2006 5674: 5670: 5660: 5658: 5647: 5640: 5630: 5623: 5621: 5613: 5612: 5603: 5588: 5584: 5574: 5572: 5557: 5553: 5543: 5541: 5530: 5526: 5516: 5514: 5503: 5499: 5487: 5483: 5474:Wayback Machine 5464: 5460: 5451: 5447: 5440: 5426: 5419: 5412: 5398: 5394: 5384: 5382: 5377: 5376: 5372: 5362: 5360: 5351: 5350: 5346: 5336: 5334: 5323:"Hosni Mubarak" 5319: 5310: 5300: 5298: 5289: 5288: 5284: 5274: 5272: 5263: 5262: 5258: 5248: 5246: 5238:Al-Ahram Weekly 5231: 5230: 5226: 5216: 5214: 5209: 5208: 5204: 5194: 5192: 5187: 5186: 5182: 5172: 5170: 5157: 5156: 5152: 5142: 5140: 5135: 5134: 5130: 5120: 5118: 5108: 5104: 5094: 5092: 5082: 5078: 5068: 5066: 5057: 5056: 5052: 5037: 5033: 5024: 5023: 5019: 5009: 5007: 4996: 4992: 4982: 4980: 4967: 4966: 4962: 4952: 4950: 4935: 4931: 4921: 4919: 4910: 4909: 4905: 4895: 4893: 4878: 4874: 4864: 4862: 4847: 4843: 4833: 4831: 4822: 4821: 4817: 4807: 4805: 4800: 4799: 4795: 4785: 4783: 4774: 4773: 4769: 4759: 4757: 4748: 4747: 4743: 4733: 4731: 4722: 4721: 4717: 4709: 4705: 4695: 4693: 4686: 4682: 4672: 4670: 4661: 4660: 4656: 4646: 4644: 4635: 4634: 4630: 4620: 4618: 4609: 4608: 4604: 4594: 4592: 4579: 4578: 4574: 4564: 4562: 4553: 4552: 4548: 4535: 4534: 4530: 4520: 4518: 4513:. 24 May 2011. 4505: 4504: 4497: 4487: 4485: 4470: 4466: 4456: 4454: 4446:Al-Ahram Weekly 4439: 4438: 4434: 4421: 4420: 4416: 4406: 4404: 4395: 4394: 4390: 4380: 4378: 4365: 4364: 4360: 4348: 4344: 4334: 4332: 4323: 4322: 4318: 4296: 4292: 4282: 4280: 4267: 4266: 4253: 4243: 4241: 4228: 4227: 4218: 4208: 4206: 4197: 4196: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4054:Politics portal 4052: 4045: 4038: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4007: 4001: 3984:threshold model 3972: 3933:the Interior". 3821: 3785: 3779: 3755:virginity tests 3746:Sami Hafez Anan 3726:Sami Hafez Enan 3698: 3658: 3645: 3639: 3543: 3537: 3532: 3444: 3438: 3372:Hillary Clinton 3364: 3219:under the SCAF 3217:military trials 3192: 3151: 3147: 3090: 3080: 3036: 3033: 2976: 2970: 2954: 2912: 2906: 2862:self-immolation 2821: 2813:Sharm-El-Sheikh 2808:Sinai Peninsula 2768: 2752: 2724: 2697: 2663: 2661: 2656: 2607: 2599:Main articles: 2597: 2561: 2556: 2546: 2538:A New Beginning 2376:23 January 2012 2177: 2077:Supreme Council 2070: 2064: 2059: 2053: 2017:6 February 2011 2001:1 February 2011 1991:29 January 2011 1981:28 January 2011 1975:27 January 2011 1969:26 January 2011 1918: 1916: 1906: 1895: 1889: 1886: 1875: 1863: 1852: 1750: 1737:self-immolation 1725: 1723:Self-immolation 1699: 1693: 1666: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1618: 1615:18 billion 1611: 1589: 1583: 1566:Great Recession 1554: 1548: 1497: 1483: 1478: 1469: 1400: 1394: 1346: 1340: 1301:Bashar al-Assad 1282: 1194: 1188: 1125: 948: 913: 908: 907: 883: 875: 874: 826: 818: 817: 768: 749: 747:Egyptian Crisis 744: 737: 712: 694:Post-revolution 643: 642: 641: 629: 617: 605: 593: 581: 578: 577: 568: 567: 557: 555: 543: 531: 519: 507: 504: 503: 492: 482: 480: 463: 419: 414: 378:Pro-government: 370: 289:1952 revolution 263:Self-immolation 253:Online activism 160:Electoral fraud 132: 130: 126: 123: 118: 115: 113: 111: 110: 109: 108: 99: 97: 87: 81: 79: 70: 45:Egyptian Crisis 42: 35: 17: 12: 11: 5: 21419: 21409: 21408: 21403: 21398: 21393: 21388: 21383: 21378: 21373: 21368: 21363: 21358: 21353: 21348: 21343: 21338: 21333: 21328: 21323: 21318: 21301: 21300: 21288: 21285: 21284: 21282: 21281: 21276: 21271: 21266: 21261: 21256: 21251: 21246: 21241: 21236: 21235: 21234: 21224: 21219: 21214: 21208: 21206: 21205:Related topics 21202: 21201: 21199: 21198: 21193: 21188: 21183: 21178: 21172: 21170: 21160: 21159: 21157: 21156: 21151: 21146: 21141: 21136: 21131: 21126: 21121: 21116: 21111: 21106: 21101: 21100: 21099: 21094: 21089: 21084: 21074: 21069: 21063: 21061: 21057: 21056: 21054: 21053: 21048: 21043: 21042: 21041: 21036: 21031: 21026: 21021: 21016: 21015: 21014: 21009: 20994: 20993: 20992: 20982: 20981: 20980: 20975: 20970: 20965: 20960: 20950: 20945: 20944: 20943: 20938: 20928: 20923: 20922: 20921: 20911: 20910: 20909: 20898: 20896: 20892: 20891: 20889: 20888: 20887: 20886: 20885: 20884: 20877:Qatif conflict 20874: 20869: 20858: 20856: 20850: 20849: 20842: 20841: 20834: 20827: 20819: 20810: 20809: 20797: 20794: 20793: 20791: 20790: 20785: 20780: 20775: 20770: 20765: 20760: 20755: 20750: 20745: 20744: 20743: 20733: 20728: 20723: 20718: 20712: 20710: 20706: 20705: 20703: 20702: 20697: 20692: 20687: 20682: 20676: 20674: 20664: 20663: 20661: 20660: 20655: 20650: 20645: 20640: 20635: 20630: 20625: 20620: 20615: 20610: 20605: 20604: 20603: 20598: 20593: 20588: 20578: 20573: 20567: 20565: 20561: 20560: 20558: 20557: 20552: 20547: 20546: 20545: 20540: 20535: 20530: 20525: 20520: 20519: 20518: 20513: 20498: 20493: 20492: 20491: 20486: 20481: 20476: 20471: 20461: 20456: 20455: 20454: 20449: 20439: 20434: 20433: 20432: 20422: 20421: 20420: 20410: 20409: 20408: 20407: 20406: 20399:Qatif conflict 20396: 20391: 20380: 20378: 20372: 20371: 20369: 20368: 20362: 20360: 20356: 20355: 20353: 20352: 20347: 20342: 20336: 20334: 20330: 20329: 20308: 20307: 20300: 20293: 20285: 20276: 20275: 20273: 20272: 20267: 20262: 20257: 20251: 20249: 20248:Related topics 20245: 20244: 20241: 20240: 20238: 20237: 20236: 20235: 20230: 20221: 20215: 20208: 20206: 20202: 20201: 20199: 20198: 20197:(2017–present) 20192: 20187: 20180: 20178: 20171: 20165: 20164: 20161: 20160: 20158: 20157: 20156: 20155: 20150: 20142: 20137: 20132: 20127: 20121: 20110: 20108: 20104: 20103: 20101: 20100: 20097:Kasese clashes 20094: 20093:(1996–present) 20088: 20087:(1987–present) 20081: 20079: 20075: 20074: 20072: 20071: 20070:(2023–present) 20065: 20059: 20053: 20047: 20046:(2009–present) 20041: 20035: 20028: 20026: 20022: 20021: 20019: 20018: 20013: 20007: 20002: 19997: 19990: 19988: 19984: 19983: 19981: 19980: 19974: 19968: 19962: 19956: 19955:(1963–present) 19950: 19944: 19942: 19938: 19937: 19935: 19934: 19929: 19928: 19927: 19922: 19917: 19907: 19906:(1998–present) 19900: 19898: 19894: 19893: 19891: 19890: 19889: 19888: 19883: 19878: 19873: 19868: 19858: 19852: 19846: 19840: 19834: 19833: 19832: 19825:Oromo conflict 19821: 19819: 19812: 19806: 19805: 19802: 19801: 19799: 19798: 19797:(2009–present) 19792: 19791:(1987–present) 19786: 19780: 19778: 19774: 19773: 19771: 19770: 19769: 19768: 19766:2021 offensive 19757: 19751: 19749: 19745: 19744: 19742: 19741: 19740: 19739: 19729: 19722: 19720: 19714: 19713: 19711: 19710: 19704: 19698: 19697: 19696: 19691: 19682: 19680: 19674: 19673: 19671: 19670: 19664: 19658: 19657: 19656: 19651: 19640: 19639:(2009–present) 19637:Ituri conflict 19634: 19631:Dongo conflict 19628: 19627:(2004–present) 19622: 19619:Ituri conflict 19616: 19610: 19609:(1996–present) 19604: 19597: 19595: 19591: 19590: 19588: 19587: 19586:(1975–present) 19581: 19574: 19572: 19565: 19563:Central Africa 19559: 19558: 19555: 19554: 19552: 19551: 19550:(2020–present) 19545: 19544: 19543: 19533: 19532:(1982–present) 19527: 19524:Guinea clashes 19521: 19514: 19512: 19508: 19507: 19505: 19504: 19503: 19502: 19497: 19488: 19486: 19482: 19481: 19479: 19478: 19477: 19476: 19471: 19462: 19460: 19456: 19455: 19453: 19452: 19447: 19441: 19439: 19435: 19434: 19432: 19431: 19430:(2012–present) 19425: 19424: 19423: 19418: 19413: 19404: 19402: 19398: 19397: 19395: 19394: 19393:(2021–present) 19388: 19387: 19386: 19375: 19374:(2009–present) 19369: 19364: 19363: 19362: 19350: 19348: 19341: 19335: 19334: 19331: 19330: 19328: 19327: 19321: 19316: 19309: 19307: 19303: 19302: 19300: 19299: 19298: 19297: 19292: 19290:War, 1975–1991 19280: 19278: 19277:Western Sahara 19274: 19273: 19271: 19270: 19269: 19268: 19263: 19258: 19256:2011 civil war 19248: 19242: 19240: 19236: 19235: 19233: 19232: 19231:(2013–present) 19226: 19220: 19219:(2011–present) 19214: 19209: 19202: 19200: 19193: 19187: 19186: 19175: 19174: 19167: 19160: 19152: 19143: 19142: 19140: 19139: 19129: 19119: 19109: 19098: 19095: 19094: 19091: 19090: 19087: 19086: 19084: 19083: 19078: 19073: 19068: 19063: 19058: 19053: 19052: 19051: 19046: 19041: 19036: 19026: 19021: 19020: 19019: 19014: 19012:Football clubs 19004: 19003: 19002: 18997: 18987: 18982: 18981: 18980: 18975: 18965: 18960: 18955: 18950: 18945: 18940: 18935: 18929: 18927: 18921: 18920: 18918: 18917: 18912: 18907: 18902: 18897: 18892: 18891: 18890: 18885: 18884: 18883: 18873: 18872: 18871: 18866: 18861: 18851: 18846: 18841: 18836: 18835: 18834: 18829: 18819: 18814: 18804: 18799: 18794: 18789: 18788: 18787: 18782: 18777: 18767: 18762: 18761: 18760: 18755: 18745: 18740: 18739: 18738: 18733: 18723: 18722: 18721: 18711: 18710: 18709: 18699: 18698: 18697: 18692: 18687: 18682: 18677: 18667: 18662: 18657: 18656: 18655: 18650: 18645: 18635: 18630: 18625: 18620: 18615: 18610: 18608:Animal welfare 18605: 18599: 18597: 18589: 18588: 18576: 18575: 18572: 18571: 18569: 18568: 18567: 18566: 18556: 18555: 18554: 18549: 18544: 18534: 18533: 18532: 18522: 18521: 18520: 18510: 18505: 18500: 18499: 18498: 18491:Power stations 18488: 18483: 18482: 18481: 18471: 18466: 18461: 18456: 18451: 18446: 18441: 18439:Egyptian pound 18436: 18431: 18426: 18421: 18420: 18419: 18409: 18403: 18400: 18399: 18387: 18386: 18383: 18382: 18380: 18379: 18374: 18373: 18372: 18362: 18357: 18352: 18351: 18350: 18343:Prime Minister 18340: 18339: 18338: 18328: 18323: 18318: 18313: 18308: 18307: 18306: 18296: 18291: 18286: 18281: 18276: 18275: 18274: 18264: 18259: 18254: 18249: 18244: 18239: 18238: 18237: 18226: 18223: 18222: 18210: 18209: 18206: 18205: 18203: 18202: 18197: 18192: 18187: 18182: 18177: 18176: 18175: 18165: 18160: 18155: 18150: 18148:Northern coast 18145: 18140: 18139: 18138: 18128: 18123: 18118: 18113: 18108: 18103: 18098: 18093: 18088: 18083: 18078: 18073: 18067: 18064: 18063: 18051: 18050: 18047: 18046: 18043: 18042: 18040: 18035: 18030: 18025: 18023: 18019: 18018: 18016: 18015: 18010: 18005: 18000: 17995: 17990: 17989: 17988: 17983: 17978: 17968: 17963: 17958: 17953: 17948: 17943: 17938: 17933: 17927: 17925: 17921: 17920: 17918: 17917: 17916: 17915: 17914: 17913: 17908: 17898: 17893: 17892: 17891: 17886: 17881: 17879:Yom Kippur War 17871: 17870: 17869: 17864: 17859: 17854: 17849: 17834: 17833: 17832: 17831: 17830: 17820: 17815: 17810: 17809: 17808: 17798: 17797: 17796: 17781: 17780: 17779: 17778: 17777: 17772: 17762: 17757: 17747: 17746: 17745: 17735: 17734: 17733: 17732: 17731: 17721: 17716: 17715: 17714: 17704: 17699: 17694: 17689: 17684: 17674: 17669: 17668: 17667: 17662: 17657: 17647: 17646: 17645: 17640: 17630: 17629: 17628: 17623: 17613: 17612: 17611: 17601: 17595: 17593: 17583: 17582: 17570: 17569: 17561: 17560: 17553: 17546: 17538: 17529: 17528: 17526: 17525: 17520: 17515: 17510: 17504: 17502: 17498: 17497: 17495: 17494: 17489: 17484: 17479: 17474: 17469: 17464: 17458: 17456: 17450: 17449: 17447: 17446: 17441: 17436: 17431: 17426: 17421: 17416: 17411: 17406: 17401: 17396: 17391: 17385: 17383: 17379: 17378: 17364: 17363: 17356: 17349: 17341: 17332: 17331: 17329: 17328: 17317: 17314: 17313: 17311: 17310: 17305: 17300: 17295: 17290: 17285: 17280: 17275: 17270: 17264: 17262: 17255: 17254: 17252: 17251: 17246: 17245: 17244: 17236: 17230: 17228: 17224: 17223: 17221: 17220: 17215: 17210: 17205: 17204: 17203: 17198: 17193: 17185: 17180: 17174: 17172: 17166: 17165: 17163: 17162: 17157: 17152: 17147: 17142: 17137: 17131: 17129: 17128:UN Resolutions 17125: 17124: 17122: 17121: 17116: 17111: 17106: 17104:United Kingdom 17101: 17100: 17099: 17094: 17086: 17081: 17076: 17071: 17070: 17069: 17064: 17056: 17051: 17046: 17041: 17036: 17031: 17030: 17029: 17024: 17016: 17011: 17006: 17001: 16996: 16995: 16994: 16989: 16981: 16976: 16971: 16965: 16963: 16957: 16956: 16954: 16953: 16948: 16943: 16941:Sadiq al-Ahmar 16938: 16933: 16928: 16923: 16918: 16909: 16908: 16903: 16897: 16896: 16891: 16886: 16881: 16876: 16871: 16866: 16861: 16856: 16847: 16846: 16841: 16839:Moaz al-Khatib 16836: 16831: 16829:Maher al-Assad 16826: 16821: 16816: 16811: 16806: 16797: 16796: 16791: 16789:Omar al-Bashir 16782: 16781: 16776: 16771: 16766: 16757: 16756: 16754:Abbas El Fassi 16751: 16742: 16741: 16736: 16727: 16726: 16721: 16716: 16711: 16706: 16697: 16696: 16691: 16686: 16677: 16676: 16674:Bassem Youssef 16671: 16666: 16661: 16656: 16651: 16646: 16644:Kamal Ganzouri 16641: 16636: 16631: 16626: 16621: 16616: 16607: 16606: 16601: 16596: 16594:Hasan Mushaima 16591: 16582: 16581: 16576: 16567: 16566: 16560: 16558: 16557:Notable people 16554: 16553: 16551: 16550: 16545: 16540: 16535: 16530: 16525: 16516: 16515: 16510: 16505: 16500: 16495: 16486: 16485: 16480: 16478:Hizb ut-Tahrir 16475: 16470: 16465: 16460: 16455: 16450: 16449: 16448: 16443: 16431: 16430: 16425: 16420: 16411: 16410: 16401: 16400: 16395: 16386: 16385: 16380: 16375: 16370: 16365: 16360: 16355: 16345: 16340: 16331: 16330: 16325: 16316: 16314: 16310: 16309: 16307: 16306: 16301: 16299:Western Sahara 16296: 16291: 16286: 16281: 16276: 16271: 16266: 16261: 16256: 16251: 16246: 16241: 16236: 16231: 16226: 16221: 16216: 16210: 16208: 16204: 16203: 16194: 16191: 16190: 16183: 16182: 16175: 16168: 16160: 16151: 16150: 16148: 16147: 16142: 16137: 16132: 16127: 16122: 16117: 16112: 16107: 16102: 16097: 16092: 16087: 16082: 16077: 16071: 16069: 16065: 16064: 16062: 16061: 16056: 16051: 16046: 16041: 16036: 16031: 16026: 16024:Bothaina Kamel 16021: 16016: 16014:Hamdeen Sabahi 16011: 16005: 16003: 15999: 15998: 15996: 15995: 15990: 15985: 15980: 15972: 15970:Al-Ahly Ultras 15967: 15962: 15957: 15952: 15947: 15942: 15936: 15934: 15930: 15929: 15926: 15925: 15923: 15922: 15917: 15912: 15907: 15905:Essam el-Erian 15902: 15900:Mohammed Badie 15897: 15891: 15889: 15882: 15881: 15879: 15878: 15872: 15866: 15855: 15853: 15849: 15848: 15846: 15845: 15839: 15832: 15830: 15823: 15817: 15816: 15813: 15812: 15810: 15809: 15803: 15800:Kamal Ganzouri 15796: 15794: 15788: 15787: 15785: 15784: 15779: 15774: 15769: 15764: 15757: 15755: 15746: 15740: 15739: 15736: 15735: 15733: 15732: 15727: 15722: 15717: 15712: 15707: 15701: 15699: 15692: 15691: 15689: 15688: 15682: 15676: 15666: 15655: 15653: 15649: 15648: 15646: 15645: 15639: 15632: 15630: 15623: 15617: 15616: 15613: 15612: 15610: 15609: 15603: 15601: 15595: 15594: 15592: 15591: 15586: 15581: 15576: 15570: 15568: 15559: 15555: 15554: 15551: 15550: 15548: 15547: 15542: 15537: 15532: 15527: 15522: 15516: 15514: 15508: 15507: 15505: 15504: 15499: 15498: 15497: 15492: 15484: 15483: 15482: 15477: 15469: 15468: 15467: 15462: 15457: 15452: 15441: 15439: 15432: 15431: 15429: 15428: 15423: 15418: 15413: 15412: 15411: 15406: 15401: 15393: 15387: 15385: 15378: 15377: 15375: 15374: 15373: 15372: 15367: 15362: 15354: 15349: 15344: 15339: 15334: 15333: 15332: 15327: 15322: 15314: 15309: 15304: 15299: 15293: 15291: 15284: 15283: 15281: 15280: 15279: 15278: 15273: 15268: 15263: 15252: 15250: 15240: 15236: 15235: 15225: 15222: 15221: 15214: 15213: 15206: 15199: 15191: 15185: 15184: 15170: 15169:External links 15167: 15166: 15165: 15159: 15151: 15131: 15119: 15116: 15115: 15114: 15107: 15100: 15093: 15081: 15076: 15069: 15066: 15065: 15064: 15052: 15040: 15037: 15036: 15035: 15023: 15015: 14999: 14990: 14974: 14960: 14957: 14956: 14955: 14946: 14934: 14922: 14910: 14896: 14893: 14892: 14891: 14886: 14876: 14867: 14856: 14844: 14838: 14832: 14826: 14810: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14792: 14780: 14774: 14761: 14748: 14741: 14738: 14727: 14721: 14708: 14702: 14686: 14684: 14681: 14678: 14677: 14650: 14624: 14605: 14578: 14543: 14505: 14496: 14469: 14435: 14402: 14376: 14353: 14327: 14305: 14286: 14267: 14241: 14229: 14188: 14166: 14144: 14122: 14081: 14055: 14029: 13999: 13969: 13947: 13917: 13885: 13856: 13823: 13791: 13769: 13743: 13713: 13680: 13658: 13621: 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Al Jazeera. 12436: 12425:. 6 March 2011 12410: 12388: 12362: 12332: 12306: 12275: 12253: 12235: 12205: 12176: 12158: 12155:. 2 June 2012. 12140: 12117: 12103: 12085: 12060: 12044: 12041:. 31 May 2012. 12026: 12014: 12000: 11993: 11973: 11962:on 17 May 2013 11956:Democracy Now! 11942: 11916: 11885: 11859: 11832: 11804: 11772: 11741: 11708: 11678: 11652: 11634:Almasry Alyoum 11619: 11593: 11567: 11539: 11509: 11490: 11459: 11431: 11400: 11369: 11342: 11315: 11289: 11262: 11230: 11200: 11174: 11143: 11121: 11104:Eurasia Review 11091: 11076: 11061: 11029: 11007: 10975: 10940: 10914: 10880: 10850: 10835:. Al Jazeera. 10823: 10809: 10787: 10754: 10724: 10687: 10655: 10624: 10596: 10577:The Media Line 10563: 10532: 10506: 10475: 10438: 10423:. Fco.gov.uk. 10412: 10389: 10353: 10322: 10292: 10261: 10228: 10198: 10171: 10143: 10117: 10089: 10062: 10036: 10010: 9984: 9959: 9937: 9911: 9889: 9858: 9826: 9800: 9774: 9752: 9740: 9728: 9702: 9684: 9658: 9632: 9603: 9577: 9557: 9543: 9517: 9491: 9465: 9435: 9409: 9387: 9364: 9339: 9313: 9302:on 2 July 2012 9282: 9271:. Ahram Online 9259: 9237: 9215: 9189: 9162: 9151:. 24 June 2012 9136: 9113: 9091: 9065: 9039: 9008: 8982: 8956: 8933: 8922:. 22 June 2012 8907: 8881: 8870:on 25 May 2013 8851: 8829: 8818:. Ahram Online 8803: 8777: 8754: 8743:. 18 June 2012 8728: 8703: 8673: 8646: 8615: 8604:on 2 July 2012 8589: 8558: 8532: 8509: 8487: 8461: 8435: 8409: 8383: 8352: 8330: 8304: 8282: 8260: 8237: 8211: 8185: 8159: 8137: 8111: 8084: 8058: 8035: 8012: 7990: 7964: 7938: 7925:Calgary Herald 7912: 7881: 7855: 7829: 7811: 7793: 7762: 7740: 7718: 7707:. Ahram Online 7695: 7669: 7655: 7644:. Ahram Online 7633: 7622:on 14 May 2014 7607: 7598: 7571: 7545: 7519: 7501: 7483: 7455: 7440: 7409: 7383: 7353: 7323: 7297: 7279: 7245: 7220: 7205: 7184: 7158: 7132: 7106: 7089: 7067: 7050: 7046:Democracy Now! 7038: 7002: 6983: 6966: 6945: 6927:Almasry Alyoum 6909: 6891:Almasry Alyoum 6877: 6851: 6829: 6798: 6771: 6737: 6711: 6684: 6666: 6635: 6605: 6590:. Al Jazeera. 6579: 6544: 6512: 6481: 6474: 6457: 6450: 6428: 6396: 6364: 6335: 6309: 6293: 6275: 6247: 6228: 6206: 6187: 6168: 6142: 6111: 6100:. 19 June 2010 6097:Almasry Alyoum 6083: 6060: 6034: 6008: 5982: 5951: 5924: 5905: 5874: 5846: 5835:. 29 June 2010 5820: 5789: 5772:The New Yorker 5758: 5730: 5723: 5699: 5668: 5638: 5601: 5582: 5551: 5524: 5497: 5481: 5458: 5445: 5439:978-1481997683 5438: 5417: 5411:978-1461093954 5410: 5392: 5370: 5344: 5308: 5282: 5256: 5224: 5202: 5180: 5150: 5128: 5110:Taylor, Alan. 5102: 5076: 5065:. 24 June 2012 5050: 5031: 5017: 4990: 4960: 4929: 4903: 4872: 4841: 4815: 4793: 4767: 4741: 4715: 4703: 4680: 4654: 4628: 4602: 4572: 4561:. 30 June 2012 4546: 4528: 4495: 4464: 4432: 4414: 4388: 4358: 4342: 4316: 4290: 4251: 4216: 4178: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4153: 4147: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4059: 4058: 4057: 4043: 4027: 4024: 4003:Main article: 4000: 3997: 3971: 3968: 3930: 3929: 3926: 3923: 3920: 3917: 3914: 3892:Democracy Now! 3820: 3817: 3781:Main article: 3778: 3775: 3697: 3694: 3672:Egyptian women 3657: 3654: 3641:Main article: 3638: 3635: 3623:Shlomo Ben-Ami 3615:Caroline Glick 3601:, Somalia and 3539:Main article: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3504:Abbud al-Zumar 3502:In March 2011 3440:Main article: 3437: 3434: 3399:Yehia El Gamal 3350:Voter line in 3342: 3341: 3338: 3335: 3331: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3317: 3316: 3315:16 April 2011 3313: 3310: 3303: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3292: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3271: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3249: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3234: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3223: 3222: 3220: 3213: 3209: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3198: 3197: 3194: 3189: 3181: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3167: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3156: 3155: 3144: 3143:Partially met 3141: 3137: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3126: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3079: 3076: 3031: 3007:New Wafd Party 2972:Main article: 2969: 2966: 2953: 2950: 2921:Prime Minister 2908:Main article: 2905: 2902: 2820: 2817: 2767: 2764: 2751: 2748: 2723: 2720: 2716:church bombing 2696: 2693: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2624:were dispersed 2596: 2593: 2560: 2557: 2545: 2542: 2535: 2529: 2519: 2513: 2495: 2485: 2479: 2469: 2463: 2449: 2438: 2432: 2426: 2411: 2405: 2395: 2389: 2383: 2377: 2371: 2362: 2355:general strike 2332: 2326: 2316: 2306: 2296: 2286: 2280: 2270: 2264: 2258: 2252: 2246: 2220: 2214: 2188: 2171: 2165: 2159: 2149: 2131: 2117: 2107: 2092:Ahmed Maghrabi 2085: 2074: 2066:Main article: 2063: 2060: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2040: 2018: 2008: 2002: 1992: 1982: 1976: 1970: 1964: 1912:Main article: 1908: 1907: 1866: 1864: 1857: 1851: 1848: 1836:video blogging 1801:Alaa Al Aswany 1749: 1746: 1724: 1721: 1695:Main article: 1692: 1689: 1665: 1662: 1642:2010 elections 1623:Zuhair Garrana 1587:Crime in Egypt 1582: 1579: 1547: 1544: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1468: 1465: 1393: 1390: 1372:demonstrations 1342:Main article: 1339: 1336: 1281: 1278: 1187: 1184: 1176:الثورة البيضاء 1143:Thawrat Horeya 1124: 1121: 1008:socio-economic 950: 949: 947: 946: 939: 932: 924: 921: 920: 910: 909: 906: 905: 900: 895: 890: 884: 881: 880: 877: 876: 873: 872: 867: 860: 855: 850: 843: 838: 833: 827: 824: 823: 820: 819: 816: 815: 810: 805: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 769: 766: 765: 762: 761: 753: 752: 730: 729: 726: 722: 721: 718: 714: 713: 711: 710: 709: 708: 706:section below. 690: 680: 678: 674: 673: 669: 668: 666:section below. 650: 649: 645: 644: 640: 639: 627: 625:Alaa Al Aswany 615: 603: 591: 572: 571: 570: 569: 566: 565: 553: 541: 529: 517: 501: 500: 499: 478: 477: 474: 473: 469: 468: 465: 464: 462: 461: 456: 451: 445: 440: 435: 417: 415: 413: 412: 407: 402: 397: 391: 386: 368: 361: 360: 356: 355: 354: 353: 343: 336: 333: 326: 319: 309: 302: 292: 285: 282: 277: 273: 272: 271: 270: 268:Strike actions 265: 260: 255: 250: 248:Demonstrations 245: 240: 233: 229: 228: 227: 226: 219: 214: 210: 209: 208: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 167: 162: 157: 152: 145: 141: 140: 96: 94: 90: 89: 76: 72: 71: 64: 56: 55: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 21418: 21407: 21404: 21402: 21399: 21397: 21394: 21392: 21389: 21387: 21384: 21382: 21379: 21377: 21374: 21372: 21369: 21367: 21364: 21362: 21359: 21357: 21354: 21352: 21349: 21347: 21344: 21342: 21339: 21337: 21336:2011 protests 21334: 21332: 21331:2011 in Egypt 21329: 21327: 21324: 21322: 21319: 21317: 21314: 21313: 21311: 21298: 21297: 21286: 21280: 21277: 21275: 21272: 21270: 21267: 21265: 21262: 21260: 21257: 21255: 21252: 21250: 21247: 21245: 21242: 21240: 21237: 21233: 21230: 21229: 21228: 21225: 21223: 21220: 21218: 21215: 21213: 21210: 21209: 21207: 21203: 21197: 21194: 21192: 21189: 21187: 21184: 21182: 21179: 21177: 21174: 21173: 21171: 21169:member states 21168: 21161: 21155: 21152: 21150: 21147: 21145: 21142: 21140: 21137: 21135: 21132: 21130: 21127: 21125: 21122: 21120: 21117: 21115: 21112: 21110: 21107: 21105: 21102: 21098: 21095: 21093: 21090: 21088: 21085: 21083: 21080: 21079: 21078: 21075: 21073: 21070: 21068: 21065: 21064: 21062: 21058: 21052: 21049: 21047: 21044: 21040: 21037: 21035: 21032: 21030: 21027: 21025: 21022: 21020: 21017: 21013: 21010: 21008: 21005: 21004: 21003: 21000: 20999: 20998: 20997:Yemeni crisis 20995: 20991: 20988: 20987: 20986: 20983: 20979: 20976: 20974: 20971: 20969: 20966: 20964: 20961: 20959: 20956: 20955: 20954: 20951: 20949: 20946: 20942: 20939: 20937: 20934: 20933: 20932: 20929: 20927: 20924: 20920: 20917: 20916: 20915: 20912: 20908: 20905: 20904: 20903: 20902:Iran–Iraq War 20900: 20899: 20897: 20893: 20883: 20880: 20879: 20878: 20875: 20873: 20870: 20868: 20865: 20864: 20863: 20860: 20859: 20857: 20855: 20851: 20847: 20840: 20835: 20833: 20828: 20826: 20821: 20820: 20817: 20807: 20806: 20795: 20789: 20786: 20784: 20781: 20779: 20776: 20774: 20771: 20769: 20766: 20764: 20761: 20759: 20756: 20754: 20751: 20749: 20746: 20742: 20739: 20738: 20737: 20734: 20732: 20729: 20727: 20724: 20722: 20719: 20717: 20714: 20713: 20711: 20707: 20701: 20698: 20696: 20693: 20691: 20688: 20686: 20683: 20681: 20678: 20677: 20675: 20673:member states 20672: 20665: 20659: 20656: 20654: 20651: 20649: 20646: 20644: 20641: 20639: 20636: 20634: 20631: 20629: 20626: 20624: 20621: 20619: 20616: 20614: 20611: 20609: 20606: 20602: 20599: 20597: 20594: 20592: 20589: 20587: 20584: 20583: 20582: 20579: 20577: 20574: 20572: 20569: 20568: 20566: 20562: 20556: 20553: 20551: 20548: 20544: 20541: 20539: 20536: 20534: 20531: 20529: 20526: 20524: 20521: 20517: 20514: 20512: 20509: 20508: 20507: 20504: 20503: 20502: 20501:Yemeni crisis 20499: 20497: 20494: 20490: 20487: 20485: 20482: 20480: 20477: 20475: 20472: 20470: 20467: 20466: 20465: 20462: 20460: 20457: 20453: 20450: 20448: 20445: 20444: 20443: 20440: 20438: 20435: 20431: 20428: 20427: 20426: 20423: 20419: 20416: 20415: 20414: 20413:Iran–Iraq War 20411: 20405: 20402: 20401: 20400: 20397: 20395: 20392: 20390: 20387: 20386: 20385: 20382: 20381: 20379: 20377: 20373: 20367: 20364: 20363: 20361: 20357: 20351: 20348: 20346: 20343: 20341: 20338: 20337: 20335: 20331: 20325: 20320: 20315: 20306: 20301: 20299: 20294: 20292: 20287: 20286: 20283: 20271: 20268: 20266: 20263: 20261: 20258: 20256: 20255:War on terror 20253: 20252: 20250: 20246: 20234: 20231: 20228: 20225: 20224: 20222: 20219: 20216: 20213: 20210: 20209: 20207: 20203: 20196: 20193: 20191: 20188: 20185: 20182: 20181: 20179: 20175: 20172: 20170: 20166: 20154: 20151: 20149: 20146: 20145: 20143: 20141: 20138: 20136: 20133: 20131: 20128: 20125: 20122: 20119: 20115: 20112: 20111: 20109: 20105: 20098: 20095: 20092: 20089: 20086: 20083: 20082: 20080: 20076: 20069: 20066: 20063: 20060: 20057: 20056:Heglig Crisis 20054: 20051: 20048: 20045: 20042: 20039: 20038:War in Darfur 20036: 20033: 20030: 20029: 20027: 20023: 20017: 20014: 20011: 20008: 20006: 20003: 20001: 19998: 19995: 19994:Heglig Crisis 19992: 19991: 19989: 19985: 19978: 19975: 19972: 19969: 19966: 19965:Kenyan crisis 19963: 19960: 19957: 19954: 19951: 19949: 19946: 19945: 19943: 19939: 19933: 19930: 19926: 19923: 19921: 19918: 19916: 19913: 19912: 19911: 19908: 19905: 19902: 19901: 19899: 19895: 19887: 19886:War in Amhara 19884: 19882: 19879: 19877: 19874: 19872: 19869: 19867: 19864: 19863: 19862: 19859: 19856: 19853: 19850: 19847: 19844: 19841: 19838: 19835: 19831: 19828: 19827: 19826: 19823: 19822: 19820: 19816: 19813: 19811: 19807: 19796: 19793: 19790: 19787: 19785: 19782: 19781: 19779: 19775: 19767: 19764: 19763: 19761: 19758: 19756: 19753: 19752: 19750: 19746: 19738: 19735: 19734: 19733: 19730: 19727: 19724: 19723: 19721: 19715: 19708: 19705: 19702: 19699: 19695: 19692: 19690: 19687: 19686: 19684: 19683: 19681: 19675: 19668: 19665: 19662: 19659: 19655: 19652: 19650: 19647: 19646: 19644: 19641: 19638: 19635: 19632: 19629: 19626: 19625:Kivu conflict 19623: 19620: 19617: 19614: 19611: 19608: 19605: 19602: 19599: 19598: 19596: 19592: 19585: 19582: 19579: 19576: 19575: 19573: 19569: 19566: 19564: 19560: 19549: 19546: 19542: 19539: 19538: 19537: 19534: 19531: 19528: 19525: 19522: 19519: 19516: 19515: 19513: 19509: 19501: 19498: 19496: 19493: 19492: 19490: 19489: 19487: 19485:Côte d'Ivoire 19483: 19475: 19472: 19470: 19467: 19466: 19464: 19463: 19461: 19457: 19451: 19448: 19446: 19443: 19442: 19440: 19436: 19429: 19426: 19422: 19419: 19417: 19414: 19412: 19409: 19408: 19406: 19405: 19403: 19399: 19392: 19389: 19385: 19384:2016 conflict 19382: 19381: 19379: 19376: 19373: 19370: 19368: 19365: 19361: 19358: 19357: 19355: 19352: 19351: 19349: 19345: 19342: 19340: 19336: 19325: 19322: 19320: 19317: 19314: 19311: 19310: 19308: 19304: 19296: 19293: 19291: 19288: 19287: 19285: 19282: 19281: 19279: 19275: 19267: 19264: 19262: 19259: 19257: 19254: 19253: 19252: 19251:Libyan Crisis 19249: 19247: 19244: 19243: 19241: 19237: 19230: 19227: 19224: 19221: 19218: 19215: 19213: 19210: 19207: 19204: 19203: 19201: 19197: 19194: 19192: 19188: 19184: 19181: 19173: 19168: 19166: 19161: 19159: 19154: 19153: 19150: 19138: 19130: 19128: 19120: 19118: 19114: 19110: 19108: 19100: 19099: 19096: 19082: 19079: 19077: 19074: 19072: 19069: 19067: 19064: 19062: 19059: 19057: 19054: 19050: 19047: 19045: 19042: 19040: 19037: 19035: 19032: 19031: 19030: 19027: 19025: 19022: 19018: 19015: 19013: 19010: 19009: 19008: 19005: 19001: 18998: 18996: 18993: 18992: 18991: 18988: 18986: 18983: 18979: 18976: 18974: 18971: 18970: 18969: 18966: 18964: 18961: 18959: 18956: 18954: 18951: 18949: 18946: 18944: 18941: 18939: 18938:Art (ancient) 18936: 18934: 18931: 18930: 18928: 18926: 18922: 18916: 18913: 18911: 18908: 18906: 18903: 18901: 18898: 18896: 18893: 18889: 18886: 18882: 18879: 18878: 18877: 18874: 18870: 18867: 18865: 18862: 18860: 18857: 18856: 18855: 18852: 18850: 18847: 18845: 18842: 18840: 18837: 18833: 18830: 18828: 18825: 18824: 18823: 18820: 18818: 18817:Blasphemy law 18815: 18813: 18810: 18809: 18808: 18805: 18803: 18800: 18798: 18795: 18793: 18790: 18786: 18785:Sign Language 18783: 18781: 18780:Saʽidi Arabic 18778: 18776: 18773: 18772: 18771: 18768: 18766: 18763: 18759: 18756: 18754: 18751: 18750: 18749: 18746: 18744: 18741: 18737: 18734: 18732: 18729: 18728: 18727: 18724: 18720: 18717: 18716: 18715: 18712: 18708: 18705: 18704: 18703: 18700: 18696: 18693: 18691: 18688: 18686: 18683: 18681: 18678: 18676: 18673: 18672: 18671: 18668: 18666: 18663: 18661: 18658: 18654: 18651: 18649: 18646: 18644: 18641: 18640: 18639: 18636: 18634: 18631: 18629: 18626: 18624: 18621: 18619: 18616: 18614: 18611: 18609: 18606: 18604: 18601: 18600: 18598: 18594: 18590: 18586: 18581: 18577: 18565: 18562: 18561: 18560: 18557: 18553: 18550: 18548: 18545: 18543: 18540: 18539: 18538: 18535: 18531: 18528: 18527: 18526: 18523: 18519: 18516: 18515: 18514: 18511: 18509: 18506: 18504: 18501: 18497: 18494: 18493: 18492: 18489: 18487: 18484: 18480: 18477: 18476: 18475: 18472: 18470: 18467: 18465: 18462: 18460: 18457: 18455: 18452: 18450: 18447: 18445: 18442: 18440: 18437: 18435: 18432: 18430: 18427: 18425: 18422: 18418: 18417:National Bank 18415: 18414: 18413: 18410: 18408: 18405: 18404: 18401: 18397: 18392: 18388: 18378: 18375: 18371: 18368: 18367: 18366: 18363: 18361: 18358: 18356: 18353: 18349: 18346: 18345: 18344: 18341: 18337: 18334: 18333: 18332: 18329: 18327: 18324: 18322: 18319: 18317: 18314: 18312: 18309: 18305: 18302: 18301: 18300: 18297: 18295: 18292: 18290: 18287: 18285: 18282: 18280: 18277: 18273: 18270: 18269: 18268: 18265: 18263: 18260: 18258: 18255: 18253: 18250: 18248: 18245: 18243: 18240: 18236: 18233: 18232: 18231: 18228: 18227: 18224: 18220: 18215: 18211: 18201: 18198: 18196: 18193: 18191: 18188: 18186: 18183: 18181: 18178: 18174: 18171: 18170: 18169: 18166: 18164: 18161: 18159: 18156: 18154: 18151: 18149: 18146: 18144: 18141: 18137: 18134: 18133: 18132: 18129: 18127: 18124: 18122: 18119: 18117: 18114: 18112: 18109: 18107: 18104: 18102: 18099: 18097: 18094: 18092: 18089: 18087: 18084: 18082: 18079: 18077: 18074: 18072: 18069: 18068: 18065: 18061: 18056: 18052: 18039: 18036: 18034: 18031: 18029: 18026: 18024: 18020: 18014: 18011: 18009: 18006: 18004: 18001: 17999: 17996: 17994: 17991: 17987: 17984: 17982: 17979: 17977: 17974: 17973: 17972: 17969: 17967: 17964: 17962: 17959: 17957: 17954: 17952: 17949: 17947: 17944: 17942: 17939: 17937: 17934: 17932: 17929: 17928: 17926: 17922: 17912: 17909: 17907: 17904: 17903: 17902: 17899: 17897: 17894: 17890: 17887: 17885: 17882: 17880: 17877: 17876: 17875: 17872: 17868: 17865: 17863: 17860: 17858: 17855: 17853: 17850: 17848: 17845: 17844: 17843: 17840: 17839: 17838: 17835: 17829: 17826: 17825: 17824: 17821: 17819: 17816: 17814: 17811: 17807: 17804: 17803: 17802: 17799: 17795: 17792: 17791: 17790: 17787: 17786: 17785: 17782: 17776: 17773: 17771: 17768: 17767: 17766: 17763: 17761: 17758: 17756: 17753: 17752: 17751: 17748: 17744: 17743:Ottoman Egypt 17741: 17740: 17739: 17736: 17730: 17727: 17726: 17725: 17722: 17720: 17717: 17713: 17710: 17709: 17708: 17705: 17703: 17700: 17698: 17695: 17693: 17690: 17688: 17685: 17683: 17680: 17679: 17678: 17675: 17673: 17670: 17666: 17663: 17661: 17658: 17656: 17653: 17652: 17651: 17648: 17644: 17641: 17639: 17636: 17635: 17634: 17631: 17627: 17624: 17622: 17619: 17618: 17617: 17614: 17610: 17607: 17606: 17605: 17602: 17600: 17597: 17596: 17594: 17592: 17588: 17584: 17580: 17575: 17571: 17566: 17559: 17554: 17552: 17547: 17545: 17540: 17539: 17536: 17524: 17521: 17519: 17516: 17514: 17511: 17509: 17506: 17505: 17503: 17499: 17493: 17490: 17488: 17485: 17483: 17480: 17478: 17475: 17473: 17470: 17468: 17465: 17463: 17460: 17459: 17457: 17455: 17451: 17445: 17442: 17440: 17437: 17435: 17432: 17430: 17427: 17425: 17422: 17420: 17417: 17415: 17412: 17410: 17407: 17405: 17402: 17400: 17397: 17395: 17392: 17390: 17387: 17386: 17384: 17380: 17376: 17371: 17362: 17357: 17355: 17350: 17348: 17343: 17342: 17339: 17327: 17319: 17318: 17315: 17309: 17306: 17304: 17301: 17299: 17296: 17294: 17291: 17289: 17286: 17284: 17281: 17279: 17276: 17274: 17271: 17269: 17266: 17265: 17263: 17260: 17256: 17250: 17247: 17243: 17240: 17239: 17237: 17235: 17232: 17231: 17229: 17225: 17219: 17216: 17214: 17211: 17209: 17206: 17202: 17199: 17197: 17194: 17192: 17189: 17188: 17186: 17184: 17181: 17179: 17176: 17175: 17173: 17171: 17167: 17161: 17158: 17156: 17153: 17151: 17148: 17146: 17143: 17141: 17138: 17136: 17133: 17132: 17130: 17126: 17120: 17117: 17115: 17112: 17110: 17109:United States 17107: 17105: 17102: 17098: 17095: 17093: 17090: 17089: 17087: 17085: 17082: 17080: 17077: 17075: 17072: 17068: 17065: 17063: 17060: 17059: 17057: 17055: 17052: 17050: 17047: 17045: 17042: 17040: 17037: 17035: 17032: 17028: 17025: 17023: 17020: 17019: 17017: 17015: 17012: 17010: 17007: 17005: 17002: 17000: 16997: 16993: 16990: 16988: 16985: 16984: 16982: 16980: 16977: 16975: 16972: 16970: 16967: 16966: 16964: 16962: 16958: 16952: 16949: 16947: 16944: 16942: 16939: 16937: 16934: 16932: 16929: 16927: 16924: 16922: 16919: 16917: 16914: 16911: 16910: 16907: 16904: 16902: 16899: 16898: 16895: 16894:Chokri Belaid 16892: 16890: 16887: 16885: 16884:Hamadi Jebali 16882: 16880: 16877: 16875: 16874:Fouad Mebazaa 16872: 16870: 16867: 16865: 16862: 16860: 16857: 16855: 16852: 16849: 16848: 16845: 16842: 16840: 16837: 16835: 16832: 16830: 16827: 16825: 16822: 16820: 16817: 16815: 16812: 16810: 16807: 16805: 16802: 16799: 16798: 16795: 16792: 16790: 16787: 16784: 16783: 16780: 16777: 16775: 16772: 16770: 16767: 16765: 16762: 16761:Saudi Arabia: 16759: 16758: 16755: 16752: 16750: 16747: 16744: 16743: 16740: 16737: 16735: 16732: 16729: 16728: 16725: 16722: 16720: 16719:Mahmud Gebril 16717: 16715: 16712: 16710: 16707: 16705: 16702: 16699: 16698: 16695: 16692: 16690: 16687: 16685: 16682: 16679: 16678: 16675: 16672: 16670: 16669:Hesham Qandil 16667: 16665: 16664:Mohamed Morsi 16662: 16660: 16657: 16655: 16652: 16650: 16647: 16645: 16642: 16640: 16637: 16635: 16632: 16630: 16627: 16625: 16622: 16620: 16619:Omar Suleiman 16617: 16615: 16614:Hosni Mubarak 16612: 16609: 16608: 16605: 16602: 16600: 16597: 16595: 16592: 16590: 16587: 16584: 16583: 16580: 16579:Ahmed Ouyahia 16577: 16575: 16572: 16569: 16568: 16565: 16562: 16561: 16559: 16555: 16549: 16546: 16544: 16541: 16539: 16536: 16534: 16531: 16529: 16526: 16524: 16521: 16518: 16517: 16514: 16511: 16509: 16506: 16504: 16503:Popular Front 16501: 16499: 16496: 16494: 16491: 16488: 16487: 16484: 16481: 16479: 16476: 16474: 16471: 16469: 16466: 16464: 16461: 16459: 16456: 16454: 16451: 16447: 16444: 16442: 16439: 16438: 16436: 16433: 16432: 16429: 16426: 16424: 16421: 16419: 16416: 16415:Saudi Arabia: 16413: 16412: 16409: 16406: 16403: 16402: 16399: 16396: 16394: 16391: 16388: 16387: 16384: 16383:Ultras Ahlawy 16381: 16379: 16376: 16374: 16371: 16369: 16366: 16364: 16361: 16359: 16356: 16353: 16349: 16346: 16344: 16341: 16339: 16336: 16333: 16332: 16329: 16326: 16324: 16321: 16318: 16317: 16315: 16311: 16305: 16302: 16300: 16297: 16295: 16292: 16290: 16287: 16285: 16282: 16280: 16277: 16275: 16272: 16270: 16267: 16265: 16262: 16260: 16257: 16255: 16252: 16250: 16247: 16245: 16242: 16240: 16237: 16235: 16232: 16230: 16227: 16225: 16222: 16220: 16217: 16215: 16212: 16211: 16209: 16205: 16200: 16199: 16192: 16188: 16181: 16176: 16174: 16169: 16167: 16162: 16161: 16158: 16146: 16145:Mohammed Adel 16143: 16141: 16138: 16136: 16133: 16131: 16128: 16126: 16125:Asmaa Mahfouz 16123: 16121: 16118: 16116: 16113: 16111: 16108: 16106: 16103: 16101: 16098: 16096: 16093: 16091: 16088: 16086: 16083: 16081: 16078: 16076: 16073: 16072: 16070: 16066: 16060: 16057: 16055: 16052: 16050: 16047: 16045: 16042: 16040: 16037: 16035: 16032: 16030: 16027: 16025: 16022: 16020: 16017: 16015: 16012: 16010: 16007: 16006: 16004: 16000: 15994: 15991: 15989: 15986: 15984: 15981: 15979: 15978: 15977:White Knights 15973: 15971: 15968: 15966: 15963: 15961: 15958: 15956: 15953: 15951: 15948: 15946: 15943: 15941: 15938: 15937: 15935: 15931: 15921: 15920:Safwat Hegazi 15918: 15916: 15913: 15911: 15908: 15906: 15903: 15901: 15898: 15896: 15893: 15892: 15890: 15887: 15883: 15876: 15873: 15870: 15867: 15864: 15860: 15859:Hesham Qandil 15857: 15856: 15854: 15850: 15843: 15842:Mahmoud Mekki 15840: 15837: 15836:Mohamed Morsi 15834: 15833: 15831: 15827: 15824: 15818: 15807: 15804: 15801: 15798: 15797: 15795: 15793: 15789: 15783: 15780: 15778: 15775: 15773: 15770: 15768: 15765: 15762: 15759: 15758: 15756: 15754: 15750: 15747: 15741: 15731: 15730:Hussein Salem 15728: 15726: 15723: 15721: 15718: 15716: 15713: 15711: 15708: 15706: 15705:Gamal Mubarak 15703: 15702: 15700: 15697: 15693: 15686: 15685:Habib el-Adly 15683: 15680: 15677: 15674: 15670: 15667: 15664: 15660: 15657: 15656: 15654: 15650: 15643: 15642:Omar Suleiman 15640: 15637: 15636:Hosni Mubarak 15634: 15633: 15631: 15627: 15624: 15618: 15608: 15605: 15604: 15602: 15600: 15596: 15590: 15587: 15585: 15582: 15580: 15577: 15575: 15574:Tahrir Square 15572: 15571: 15569: 15567: 15563: 15560: 15556: 15546: 15543: 15541: 15538: 15536: 15533: 15531: 15528: 15526: 15523: 15521: 15518: 15517: 15515: 15513: 15509: 15503: 15500: 15496: 15493: 15491: 15488: 15487: 15485: 15481: 15478: 15476: 15473: 15472: 15470: 15466: 15463: 15461: 15458: 15456: 15453: 15451: 15448: 15447: 15446: 15443: 15442: 15440: 15437: 15433: 15427: 15424: 15422: 15419: 15417: 15414: 15410: 15407: 15405: 15402: 15400: 15397: 15396: 15394: 15392: 15389: 15388: 15386: 15383: 15379: 15371: 15368: 15366: 15363: 15361: 15358: 15357: 15355: 15353: 15350: 15348: 15345: 15343: 15340: 15338: 15335: 15331: 15328: 15326: 15323: 15321: 15318: 15317: 15315: 15313: 15310: 15308: 15305: 15303: 15300: 15298: 15295: 15294: 15292: 15289: 15285: 15277: 15274: 15272: 15269: 15267: 15264: 15262: 15259: 15258: 15257: 15254: 15253: 15251: 15248: 15244: 15241: 15237: 15233: 15229: 15223: 15219: 15212: 15207: 15205: 15200: 15198: 15193: 15192: 15189: 15181: 15177: 15173: 15172: 15164: 15160: 15156: 15152: 15140: 15136: 15132: 15129: 15125: 15122: 15121: 15113: 15112: 15108: 15106: 15105: 15101: 15099: 15098: 15094: 15092: 15088: 15085: 15082: 15080: 15077: 15075: 15072: 15071: 15068:Documentaries 15061: 15057: 15053: 15051: 15047: 15043: 15042: 15032: 15028: 15024: 15020: 15016: 15014: 15013:The Real News 15010: 15006: 15003: 15000: 14998: 14994: 14991: 14989: 14985: 14981: 14978: 14975: 14971: 14967: 14963: 14962: 14959:Crowdsourcing 14954: 14950: 14947: 14943: 14939: 14935: 14931: 14927: 14923: 14919: 14915: 14911: 14907: 14903: 14899: 14898: 14895:Live coverage 14890: 14887: 14884: 14880: 14877: 14875: 14871: 14868: 14866: 14865: 14860: 14857: 14854: 14853: 14848: 14845: 14842: 14839: 14836: 14833: 14830: 14829:Media library 14827: 14825: 14821: 14817: 14814: 14811: 14808: 14804: 14801: 14800: 14790: 14789: 14785: 14781: 14777: 14771: 14767: 14762: 14758: 14754: 14749: 14747: 14742: 14739: 14735: 14734: 14728: 14724: 14718: 14714: 14709: 14705: 14699: 14695: 14694: 14688: 14687: 14665: 14661: 14654: 14639: 14635: 14628: 14620: 14616: 14609: 14593: 14589: 14582: 14574: 14570: 14566: 14562: 14558: 14554: 14547: 14539: 14535: 14531: 14527: 14523: 14519: 14512: 14510: 14500: 14484: 14480: 14473: 14465: 14461: 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13347: 13341: 13325: 13321: 13317: 13311: 13296: 13292: 13285: 13283: 13267: 13263: 13256: 13254: 13237: 13233: 13226: 13218: 13214: 13207: 13200: 13196: 13192: 13186: 13170: 13166: 13165: 13164:National Post 13160: 13153: 13138: 13137: 13132: 13125: 13109: 13105: 13099: 13091: 13090: 13085: 13078: 13063: 13059: 13055: 13051: 13044: 13028: 13024: 13018: 13002: 13001: 12996: 12990: 12974: 12970: 12966: 12959: 12943: 12939: 12935: 12928: 12912: 12908: 12904: 12897: 12881: 12877: 12873: 12867: 12865: 12848: 12844: 12840: 12833: 12817: 12813: 12809: 12803: 12787: 12783: 12777: 12762: 12756: 12752: 12751: 12743: 12727: 12723: 12717: 12701: 12697: 12693: 12687: 12671: 12667: 12661: 12645: 12641: 12635: 12619: 12615: 12609: 12593: 12589: 12583: 12567: 12563: 12559: 12552: 12537:on 1 May 2011 12536: 12532: 12528: 12522: 12506: 12502: 12498: 12492: 12476: 12472: 12466: 12450: 12446: 12440: 12424: 12420: 12414: 12398: 12392: 12376: 12372: 12366: 12350: 12346: 12342: 12336: 12320: 12316: 12310: 12294: 12290: 12286: 12279: 12263: 12257: 12249: 12245: 12239: 12223: 12219: 12215: 12209: 12193: 12189: 12183: 12181: 12172: 12168: 12162: 12154: 12150: 12144: 12136: 12132: 12128: 12121: 12113: 12107: 12099: 12095: 12089: 12081: 12077: 12076: 12071: 12064: 12058:, 31 May 2012 12057: 12053: 12048: 12040: 12036: 12030: 12023: 12018: 12010: 12004: 11996: 11990: 11986: 11985: 11977: 11961: 11957: 11953: 11946: 11931: 11927: 11920: 11904: 11900: 11899:The Raw Story 11896: 11889: 11874: 11870: 11863: 11847: 11843: 11836: 11820: 11816: 11808: 11792: 11788: 11785:(in Arabic). 11784: 11776: 11760: 11756: 11752: 11745: 11738: 11726: 11722: 11718: 11712: 11696: 11692: 11688: 11682: 11666: 11662: 11656: 11640: 11636: 11635: 11630: 11623: 11607: 11603: 11597: 11581: 11577: 11571: 11555: 11551: 11543: 11527: 11526: 11521: 11513: 11505: 11501: 11494: 11478: 11474: 11470: 11463: 11447: 11446: 11441: 11435: 11419: 11415: 11411: 11404: 11388: 11384: 11380: 11373: 11357: 11353: 11346: 11330: 11326: 11319: 11303: 11299: 11293: 11278:on 1 May 2011 11277: 11273: 11266: 11250: 11246: 11245: 11240: 11234: 11218: 11214: 11210: 11204: 11188: 11184: 11178: 11162: 11158: 11154: 11147: 11131: 11125: 11109: 11105: 11101: 11095: 11089: 11085: 11080: 11073: 11068: 11066: 11049: 11045: 11044: 11039: 11033: 11017: 11011: 10992: 10985: 10979: 10963: 10959: 10958: 10953: 10947: 10945: 10928: 10924: 10918: 10902: 10898: 10894: 10887: 10885: 10868: 10864: 10860: 10854: 10838: 10834: 10827: 10819: 10813: 10797: 10791: 10775: 10771: 10770: 10765: 10758: 10742: 10738: 10734: 10728: 10712: 10708: 10706: 10702: 10697: 10691: 10675: 10671: 10667: 10659: 10643: 10639: 10635: 10628: 10612: 10608: 10600: 10583: 10578: 10574: 10567: 10551: 10547: 10543: 10536: 10520: 10516: 10510: 10494: 10490: 10486: 10479: 10471: 10465: 10449: 10442: 10426: 10422: 10416: 10400: 10393: 10377: 10373: 10369: 10362: 10360: 10358: 10341: 10337: 10333: 10326: 10310: 10306: 10302: 10296: 10280: 10276: 10272: 10265: 10249: 10245: 10244: 10243:The Raw Story 10239: 10232: 10217: 10215: 10209: 10202: 10186: 10182: 10175: 10160: 10159: 10154: 10147: 10131: 10127: 10121: 10106: 10105: 10100: 10093: 10077: 10073: 10066: 10050: 10046: 10040: 10024: 10020: 10014: 9999: 9995: 9988: 9973: 9969: 9963: 9947: 9941: 9926: 9922: 9915: 9899: 9893: 9877: 9873: 9869: 9862: 9846: 9842: 9841: 9836: 9830: 9815: 9811: 9804: 9789:. 6 July 2013 9788: 9784: 9778: 9762: 9756: 9749: 9744: 9737: 9732: 9716: 9712: 9706: 9698: 9694: 9688: 9672: 9668: 9662: 9646: 9642: 9636: 9620: 9619: 9614: 9607: 9592: 9588: 9581: 9573: 9569: 9568: 9561: 9553: 9547: 9531: 9527: 9521: 9506: 9502: 9495: 9480: 9476: 9469: 9454:on 2 May 2013 9453: 9449: 9445: 9439: 9424: 9420: 9413: 9397: 9391: 9375: 9368: 9353: 9350: 9343: 9328: 9324: 9317: 9301: 9297: 9293: 9286: 9270: 9263: 9247: 9241: 9225: 9219: 9203: 9199: 9193: 9177: 9173: 9166: 9150: 9146: 9140: 9124: 9117: 9101: 9095: 9080: 9076: 9069: 9054: 9050: 9043: 9027: 9023: 9019: 9012: 8996: 8992: 8986: 8970: 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7559: 7555: 7549: 7533: 7529: 7523: 7515: 7511: 7505: 7497: 7493: 7487: 7471: 7467: 7459: 7452:. Al Jazeera. 7451: 7444: 7428: 7424: 7420: 7413: 7397: 7393: 7387: 7371: 7367: 7363: 7357: 7341: 7337: 7333: 7327: 7311: 7307: 7301: 7293: 7289: 7283: 7268: 7264: 7260: 7256: 7249: 7234: 7233:The Telegraph 7230: 7224: 7216: 7209: 7194: 7188: 7173: 7169: 7162: 7147: 7143: 7136: 7121: 7117: 7110: 7103: 7099: 7093: 7086: 7085: 7080: 7076: 7071: 7064: 7063: 7058: 7054: 7047: 7042: 7026: 7022: 7018: 7017: 7012: 7006: 6998: 6994: 6987: 6980: 6976: 6970: 6955: 6949: 6933: 6929: 6928: 6923: 6916: 6914: 6897: 6893: 6892: 6887: 6881: 6865: 6861: 6855: 6840: 6833: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6802: 6786: 6782: 6775: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6744: 6742: 6725: 6721: 6715: 6699: 6696:. Bloomberg. 6695: 6688: 6680: 6676: 6670: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6639: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6609: 6593: 6589: 6583: 6567: 6563: 6557: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6549: 6532: 6528: 6527: 6522: 6516: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6485: 6477: 6471: 6467: 6461: 6453: 6447: 6443: 6439: 6432: 6416: 6412: 6411: 6406: 6400: 6384: 6380: 6379: 6374: 6368: 6360: 6356: 6352: 6348: 6347:Korotayev, A. 6342: 6340: 6323: 6319: 6313: 6307: 6306:0-19-894107-2 6303: 6297: 6286: 6279: 6268: 6261: 6254: 6252: 6243: 6239: 6232: 6224: 6220: 6216: 6210: 6202: 6198: 6191: 6183: 6179: 6172: 6156: 6152: 6146: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6115: 6099: 6098: 6093: 6087: 6079: 6075: 6071: 6064: 6048: 6044: 6038: 6022: 6018: 6012: 5996: 5992: 5986: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5955: 5939: 5935: 5928: 5920: 5916: 5909: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5878: 5863: 5862: 5857: 5850: 5834: 5830: 5824: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5793: 5777: 5773: 5769: 5762: 5747: 5746: 5741: 5734: 5726: 5724:1-884853-04-8 5720: 5716: 5712: 5711: 5703: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5672: 5656: 5652: 5645: 5643: 5634: 5620: 5616: 5610: 5608: 5606: 5597: 5593: 5586: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5555: 5539: 5535: 5528: 5512: 5508: 5501: 5494: 5491: 5485: 5478: 5475: 5471: 5468: 5462: 5455: 5449: 5441: 5435: 5431: 5424: 5422: 5413: 5407: 5403: 5396: 5380: 5374: 5358: 5354: 5348: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5317: 5315: 5313: 5296: 5292: 5286: 5270: 5266: 5260: 5244: 5240: 5239: 5234: 5228: 5212: 5206: 5190: 5184: 5169:on 9 May 2017 5168: 5164: 5160: 5154: 5138: 5132: 5117: 5113: 5106: 5091: 5087: 5080: 5064: 5060: 5054: 5046: 5042: 5035: 5027: 5021: 5005: 5001: 4994: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4964: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4933: 4917: 4913: 4907: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4876: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4845: 4829: 4825: 4819: 4803: 4797: 4781: 4777: 4771: 4755: 4751: 4745: 4729: 4725: 4719: 4712: 4707: 4691: 4684: 4668: 4664: 4658: 4642: 4638: 4632: 4616: 4612: 4606: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4576: 4560: 4556: 4550: 4542: 4538: 4532: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4502: 4500: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4468: 4453:on 1 May 2011 4452: 4448: 4447: 4442: 4436: 4428: 4424: 4418: 4402: 4398: 4392: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4362: 4355: 4351: 4346: 4331:on 1 May 2011 4330: 4326: 4320: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4299:Korotayev, A. 4294: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4204: 4200: 4194: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4179: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4157: 4154: 4151: 4148: 4145: 4144:Asmaa Mahfouz 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4060: 4055: 4049: 4044: 4041: 4030: 4023: 4021: 4020:techno sha'bi 4017: 4013: 4006: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3985: 3980: 3976: 3967: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3951: 3947: 3945: 3941: 3940: 3934: 3927: 3924: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3912: 3911: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3904:Dubai Debates 3901: 3900:Tahrir Square 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3874: 3870: 3868: 3867:Asmaa Mahfouz 3863: 3858: 3854: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3833: 3825: 3816: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 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2011 3231: 3228: 3225: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3214: 3211: 3210: 3206: 3203: 3200: 3199: 3195: 3190: 3187: 3186:Omar Suleiman 3183: 3182: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3169: 3168: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3157: 3145: 3142: 3139: 3138: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3127: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3116: 3106: 3098: 3094: 3089: 3085: 3075: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3056: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3030: 3025: 3021: 3019: 3018:Tahrir Square 3014: 3012: 3011:Raymond Lakah 3008: 3003: 3000: 2995: 2991: 2989: 2985: 2984:Omar Suleiman 2981: 2980:law and order 2975: 2965: 2963: 2962:David Cameron 2959: 2958:Angela Merkel 2949: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2929: 2925: 2922: 2916: 2911: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2885: 2882: 2876: 2874: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2854: 2845: 2836: 2832: 2831: 2825: 2816: 2814: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2780:Shebin el-Kom 2777: 2773: 2763: 2761: 2756: 2747: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2719: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2701: 2692: 2690: 2686: 2685:Mona Eltahawy 2682: 2651: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2632: 2627: 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In 2010, 1640:During the 1635:E£8 billion 1604:monopolised 1574:Ahmed Nazif 1532:youth bulge 1517:arable land 1495:Youth bulge 1358:Six-Day War 1270:Anwar Sadat 1263:King Farouk 1257:, when the 1224:King Farouk 1170:ثورة اللوتس 1157:ثورة الشباب 1123:Other names 1109:coup d'état 767:Main topics 750:(2011–2014) 637:Wael Ghonim 396:(initially) 276:Resulted in 131: / 49:Arab Spring 21341:2011 riots 21310:Categories 20854:Background 20177:Mozambique 19881:Tigray War 19039:Newspapers 19029:Mass media 18881:Synagogues 18849:Irreligion 18797:Literature 18792:Liberalism 18731:Healthcare 18633:Corruption 18316:Parliament 18247:Corruption 18242:Civil Code 18185:Suez Canal 18143:Nile Delta 18028:Alexandria 17998:Population 17993:Parliament 17961:Healthcare 17842:Nasser era 17616:Achaemenid 17591:Chronology 17261:by country 16814:Adel Safar 16599:Ali Salman 16259:Mauritania 16105:Wael Abbas 16049:Ayman Nour 16034:Khaled Ali 15829:Presidency 15822:government 15763:(Chairman) 15745:government 15629:Presidency 15622:government 15607:Sidi Bishr 15599:Alexandria 15438:government 15384:government 15356:Elections 15290:government 15249:government 15039:Interviews 14988:CrowdVoice 14012:TechCrunch 13899:The Nation 13878:6 February 13849:6 February 13780:. 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