219:
people; it was unlikely ever to be able to make permanent peace even with those factions it had conquered or dominated, simply because the leaders lacked the skills and had become leaders in part for their suppression of the other side. Accordingly, even if a movement were to benefit from violent action, and even if such action was extremely effective in ending some other oppression, no movement that sought long-term peace could safely hold up these acts or persons as a moral example or advise emulating either. Gandhi's views have influenced modern
29:
179:, in which no member of the community can avoid involvement, and in which no faction or segment can claim to be completely innocent of the problems. However, peacemaking is a universal and age-old approach to conflict at all levels and among any and all parties, and its principles may be generalized and used in many different kinds of conflicts. In contemporary international affairs, especially after the end of the
218:
is widely recognized as an important theorist of peacemaking strategies. He noted in particular that leaders who had been successful at violent strategies were counterproductive in peacetime, simply because these strategies now had to be abandoned. But if a movement had adulated and emulated these
202:
techniques, though they are often practiced by the same people. Indeed, those who master using nonviolent techniques under extreme violent pressure and those who lead others in such resistance, have usually demonstrated the capacity not to react to violent provocation in kind, and thus may be more
243:
originated with St. Augustine of Hippo in the 5th century. Versions of just war doctrines have claimed that countries and people should keep peace at all costs. The right of a ruler to go to war must meet the criteria of just cause, comparative justice, competent authority, right intention,
183:, the concept of peacemaking has often been associated with the imposition upon warring parties of a peace settlement, usually under the auspices of an international organization. Peacemaking in smaller, traditional societies has often involved rituals. For example,
132:
within a community, or among parties, that had previously engaged in inappropriate (i.e. violent) responses to conflict. Peacemaking seeks to achieve full reconciliation among adversaries and new mutual understanding among parties and stakeholders. When applied in
251:
The tradition of
Christianity continues to be taken up by those who seek peace. Jesus taught, " all who take the sword will perish by the sword." (Matthew 26:52, NAB) Twenty years after the cessation of the
207:. Given that, and a track record of not advocating violent responses, it is these leaders who are usually most qualified for peacemaking when future conflict breaks out between the previously warring sides.
128:
is a practical conflict transformation focused upon establishing equitable power relationships robust enough to forestall future conflict, often including the establishment of means of agreeing on
203:
highly skilled at working with groups of people that may have suffered through violence and oppression, keeping them coordinated and in good order through the necessary, often difficult phases of
171:
Some geopolitical entities, such as nation-states and international organizations, attempt to relegate the term peacemaking to large, systemic, often factional conflicts, instances of post-
666:
456:
646:
585:
399:
Mainz
University project on Cultural Contact, Respect and Self-Esteem. Special mention at the Bilan du Film Ethnographique, Paris, March 2004.
719:
431:
239:
The
Catholic Church has changed its view on peacemaking over the centuries. Some early Christians refused to join Rome's Imperial army. The
432:
Sharing risks applied through game-theory: The presentation of the
Eurocorps-Foreign Legion concept at the European Parliament in June 2003
384:
Heft, J. (2010, 09). RELIGION, WORLD ORDER, AND PEACE: Christianity, war, and peacemaking. Cross
Currents, 60, 328-331,476-477
16:
This article is about a concept for conflict resolution. For information on international military peace-making missions, see
636:
93:
787:
651:
65:
761:
641:
676:
112:
72:
463:
656:
626:
263:!” (Address to United Nations General Assembly, October 4, 1965, retweeted by Pope Francis, September 2, 2013)
50:
79:
46:
817:
600:
166:
61:
549:
504:
489:
312:
272:
215:
227:, in which even those who support the goals must decry the methods and avoid making, for instance, a
610:
605:
782:
756:
595:
277:
39:
822:
142:
317:
731:
671:
661:
631:
367:
8:
195:
138:
86:
590:
245:
199:
519:
486:
307:
708:
699:
580:
494:
421:
363:
337:
134:
129:
725:
559:
392:
253:
240:
184:
798:
554:
534:
514:
449:
228:
811:
544:
539:
509:
204:
17:
748:
524:
302:
287:
282:
777:
564:
260:
154:
146:
426:
297:
224:
176:
150:
28:
499:
220:
191:
180:
172:
145:, a term coined by the late Canadian justice theorist and activist
187:
has produced films about peacemaking among
Ethiopian communities.
371:
244:
probability of success, last resort, and proportionality. The
149:. One popular example of peacemaking is the several types of
472:
292:
190:
The process of peacemaking is distinct from the rationale of
416:
351:– via Androids must manually "Request desktop site".
441:
436:
175:
situations, or extreme situations of oppression such as
153:, usually between two parties and involving a third, a
53:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
809:
167:Peacebuilding § Approaches to peacebuilding
692:
457:
406:Video film in co-production with Lubo Film.
361:
427:Marquette University Center for Peacemaking
248:is the prime present-day Catholic example.
464:
450:
437:National Conflict Resolution Center (NCRC)
259:Pope Paul VI proclaimed “No more war, war
113:Learn how and when to remove this message
137:matters, peacemaking is usually called
810:
445:
51:adding citations to reliable sources
22:
788:List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates
720:Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE)
422:Center for Peacemaking Practice-GMU
364:"War never again! Never again war!"
13:
362:Pope Francis (2 September 2013).
14:
834:
677:List of periods of regional peace
410:
27:
234:
38:needs additional citations for
404:Calling Peace and Cursing War.
378:
355:
330:
1:
417:UN Peacemaker, United Nations
323:
7:
601:Environmental peacebuilding
266:
10:
839:
709:Vienna + Moscow Mechanisms
550:Religion and peacebuilding
505:Peace and conflict studies
313:Religion and peacebuilding
273:Christian Peacemaker Teams
216:Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
164:
160:
15:
796:
770:
747:
685:
619:
573:
479:
471:
223:in forming a critique of
210:
611:Territorial peace theory
606:Infrastructure for Peace
402:Pankhurst, Alula. 2002.
395:and Ivo Strecker. 2003.
338:"The New American Bible"
783:List of peace activists
596:Democratic peace theory
586:Complex system approach
278:List of peace activists
620:Regional peacebuilding
143:transformative justice
318:Two-level game theory
141:, but sometimes also
732:Treaty on Open Skies
47:improve this article
196:non-violent protest
139:restorative justice
818:Dispute resolution
591:Conflict continuum
344:. 11 November 2002
246:Colombian conflict
200:civil disobedience
805:
804:
743:
742:
642:Jammu and Kashmir
520:Peace enforcement
487:Anti-war movement
308:Peace enforcement
130:ethical decisions
123:
122:
115:
97:
830:
762:Index by country
700:Helsinki Accords
693:post-WWII Europe
690:
689:
686:Peace mechanisms
657:Northern Ireland
637:Israel–Palestine
581:Capitalist peace
495:Cost of conflict
466:
459:
452:
443:
442:
393:Pankhurst, Alula
385:
382:
376:
375:
359:
353:
352:
350:
349:
334:
135:criminal justice
118:
111:
107:
104:
98:
96:
55:
31:
23:
838:
837:
833:
832:
831:
829:
828:
827:
808:
807:
806:
801:
792:
766:
739:
726:Vienna Document
681:
647:Kurdish/Turkish
615:
569:
560:War termination
475:
470:
413:
397:Bury the Spear.
389:
388:
383:
379:
360:
356:
347:
345:
336:
335:
331:
326:
269:
254:Reichskonkordat
241:Just War theory
237:
213:
185:Alula Pankhurst
169:
163:
119:
108:
102:
99:
56:
54:
44:
32:
21:
12:
11:
5:
836:
826:
825:
820:
803:
802:
797:
794:
793:
791:
790:
785:
780:
774:
772:
768:
767:
765:
764:
759:
753:
751:
749:Peace treaties
745:
744:
741:
740:
738:
737:
736:
735:
729:
723:
714:
713:
712:
703:
696:
694:
687:
683:
682:
680:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
623:
621:
617:
616:
614:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
577:
575:
571:
570:
568:
567:
562:
557:
555:Separate peace
552:
547:
542:
537:
535:Peace movement
532:
527:
522:
517:
515:Peace congress
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
483:
481:
477:
476:
469:
468:
461:
454:
446:
440:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
412:
411:External links
409:
408:
407:
400:
387:
386:
377:
370:) – via
354:
342:www.vatican.va
328:
327:
325:
322:
321:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
268:
265:
236:
233:
229:suicide bomber
212:
209:
194:or the use of
162:
159:
121:
120:
35:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
835:
824:
823:Peacebuilding
821:
819:
816:
815:
813:
800:
795:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
775:
773:
769:
763:
760:
758:
755:
754:
752:
750:
746:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
717:
715:
710:
707:
706:
705:human rights
704:
701:
698:
697:
695:
691:
688:
684:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
624:
622:
618:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
578:
576:
572:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
545:Peace symbols
543:
541:
540:Peace process
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
510:Peacebuilding
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
485:
484:
482:
478:
474:
467:
462:
460:
455:
453:
448:
447:
444:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
414:
405:
401:
398:
394:
391:
390:
381:
373:
369:
365:
358:
343:
339:
333:
329:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
270:
264:
262:
258:
255:
249:
247:
242:
232:
231:into a hero.
230:
226:
222:
217:
208:
206:
205:rapprochement
201:
197:
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
168:
158:
157:or mediator.
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
131:
127:
117:
114:
106:
103:February 2015
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64: –
63:
62:"Peacemaking"
59:
58:Find sources:
52:
48:
42:
41:
36:This article
34:
30:
25:
24:
19:
18:Peacebuilding
627:Arab–Israeli
529:
525:Peacekeeping
403:
396:
380:
357:
346:. Retrieved
341:
332:
303:Peacekeeping
288:Peace Direct
283:Peace makers
256:
250:
238:
235:Christianity
214:
189:
170:
125:
124:
109:
100:
90:
83:
76:
69:
57:
45:Please help
40:verification
37:
778:Peaceworker
711:(1989/1991)
652:Middle East
565:World peace
530:Peacemaking
261:never again
155:facilitator
147:Ruth Morris
126:Peacemaking
812:Categories
490:(category)
348:2018-05-27
324:References
165:See also:
73:newspapers
716:military
298:Injustice
225:terrorism
221:ethicists
177:apartheid
151:mediation
799:Category
757:Category
574:Theories
500:Pacifism
480:Concepts
267:See also
192:pacifism
181:Cold War
173:genocide
667:Ukraine
372:Twitter
161:Methods
87:scholar
771:People
734:(1992)
728:(1990)
722:(1990)
702:(1975)
632:Cyprus
211:Gandhi
89:
82:
75:
68:
60:
672:Yemen
662:Syria
473:Peace
368:Tweet
293:Peace
94:JSTOR
80:books
66:news
198:or
49:by
814::
340:.
465:e
458:t
451:v
374:.
366:(
257:,
116:)
110:(
105:)
101:(
91:·
84:·
77:·
70:·
43:.
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
