49:
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411:—another career officer from the north—in power. The elevation of Sassou Nguesso, who represented the PCT's left-wing, marked a return to party orthodoxy. Sassou Nguesso was neither a radical leftist nor an ideologue; his policies were generally marked by pragmatism, and he sought warm relations with the West as well as the
477:
was re-elected as
Secretary-General of the PCT; the Central Committee elected at the 2006 congress included more than 500 members (there were previously less than 150 members), while the Political Bureau elected on the same occasion included more than 60 members and the Permanent Secretariat included
516:
was elected as
Secretary-General of the PCT. His election as Secretary-General was considered surprising. It had been widely expected that the post would go to a more prominent figure, but Sassou Nguesso chose Ngolo, reportedly viewing him as a skilled organizer and as relatively uncontroversial. He
434:
Serious unrest in 1990 resulted in the collapse of the PCT regime. Sassou
Nguesso was forced to introduce multi-party politics in 1990 and then call a National Conference in 1991. The National Conference saw severe criticism of Sassou Nguesso and repudiated PCT rule; it set up a non-PCT transitional
481:
The political landscape in Congo-Brazzaville has been highly fractured since the early 1990s. In an effort to consolidate support for Sassou
Nguesso, an initiative to "refound" the PCT as a broader party was attempted in 2006. Although backed by Secretary-General Noumazalaye, the effort encountered
500:
held on 24 June and 5 August 2007, the PCT won 46 seats; although it was again the largest party, the fractionalization of the political landscape ensured that it fell well short of a parliamentary majority. The combined parties of the
Presidential Majority supporting Sassou Nguesso won an
1499:
1378:
1605:
1454:
1350:
1581:
372:, it was essentially a military regime with a strongly ethno-regional character. Members of the southern ethnic groups, who were far more numerous than northerners, were included in the power structure, but the top leaders were consistently northerners.
430:
position; Sassou
Nguesso was able to marginalize the Katali faction at the 1984 congress. Katali was demoted to a minor government ministry, but suffered no further punishment; when he died of a heart attack in 1986, he was considered a national hero.
363:
on 29 December 1969, and was Congo-Brazzaville's sole ruling party from its inception. From the outset, it was heavily dominated by military officers from the sparsely populated north of Congo-Brazzaville. Although the PCT regime was designed as a
1578:
1375:
1451:
1347:
524:, the PCT won a parliamentary majority for the first time in the multiparty era, obtaining 89 out of 139 seats. The party has since remained the largest in the National Assembly, increasing its share of seats both in the
2371:
447:. Although Marxist–Leninist ideology was abandoned, the party remained loyal to Sassou Nguesso and it continued to be dominated by key figures from the one-party era. Sassou Nguesso ultimately returned to power in the
375:
Ideologically, the party represented a spectrum of
Marxist–Leninist views and suffered from internecine struggles in the 1970s, which sometimes turned violent. Some leaders on the left-wing of the party, such as
422:, a leftist ideologue who was one of the PCT's top-ranking leaders, was accused of organizing a bomb plot and removed from the leadership at the 1984 party congress. A powerful faction in the party, led by
1478:
506:
505:(RMP). While the member parties of the RMP preserved their distinct identities, the grouping provided for some degree of consolidation and improved organization among Sassou Nguesso's supporters. In the
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against
Ngouabi in February 1972. The right wing of the party, which was derided as having only a superficial commitment to Marxism–Leninism, was represented by
517:
was reportedly viewed as a "man of compromise": "an open conservative, anxious to preserve the identity of the party, while understanding the need for change".
1668:
270:
1652:
1830:
399:
Ngouabi was assassinated under unclear circumstances in March 1977 and succeeded by Yhombi Opango, whose opponents in the PCT were angered by his rightist
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overwhelming majority: 125 out of 137 seats. After the election, a large grouping of parties, including the PCT, was launched in
December 2007: the
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At the party's Fifth
Extraordinary Congress in December 2006, Sassou-Nguesso was re-elected as President of the Central Committee of the PCT and
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1750:
1524:"Denis Sassou Nguesso aux congressistes du P.c.t : «Les élections ne se gagnent pas dans les bureaux. Elles se gagnent sur le terrain»"
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As Sassou Nguesso consolidated power, PCT factionalism was less pronounced during the 1980s, although internal power struggles continued.
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1989:
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1958:
202:
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1975:
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with 89.4% of the vote; there were no serious opposition candidates. The PCT won 53 out of 137 seats in the
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1579:"Élections législatives – PCT 89 sièges, Indépendants 12, Upads 7, MCDDI 7, autres partis 20"
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1376:"Denis Sassou Nguesso reconduit à la tête du comité central du Parti congolais du travail"
8:
1500:"Vie des partis : Pierre Ngolo élu secrétaire général du Parti congolais du travail"
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15 members. Social democracy was also adopted as the party's new principal ideology.
174:
1452:"La dépouille mortelle du président du Sénat attendue le 23 novembre à Brazzaville"
540:
The party had about 70,000 members in 1990; by 2005, it had about 250,000 members.
403:
and perceived marginalization of the party, and they ousted him in a February 1979
334:
132:
1863:
1479:"Ă€ Brazzaville, le Parti congolais du travail Ă la recherche d'un second souffle"
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369:
291:
1310:
781:
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318:
307:
81:
1305:
2558:
2461:
2201:
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1348:"La direction du Parti Congolais du Travail s'ouvre aux jeunes et aux femmes"
512:
At the PCT's Sixth Extraordinary Congress, held in Brazzaville in July 2011,
342:
396:; the 1972 plot was inspired by the left wing's loathing for Yhombi Opango.
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2003:
513:
470:; together with smaller, allied parties, it held a parliamentary majority.
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299:
71:
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2414:
2315:
1914:
117:
2060:
1425:"Le président du Sénat, Ambroise Edouard Noumazalay est décédé à Paris"
1404:"LA SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIE: Nouvelle Doctrine du Parti Congolais du Travail"
443:
The PCT was in opposition from 1992 to 1997, during the presidency of
2520:
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Denis Sassou Nguesso, presidential candidate of both the PCT and the
142:
2017:
2515:
2467:
2298:
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government and reduced Sassou Nguesso to figurehead status.
2545:
An asterisk indicates a party no longer espousing communism
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Italics indicates a current ruling party or communist state
2244:
2209:
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde
2170:
2119:
1965:
1606:"Elections législatives : les 51 élus du premier tour"
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Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development
195:
1630:
489:
Noumazalaye died in November 2007, and Prime Minister
486:, who wanted to preserve the PCT as a distinct party.
250:
1915:
Current and former ruling parties of communist states
2372:
Movement for the Liberation of SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1328:"President wins decisive victory over pro-Soviets",
341:is the President of the PCT Central Committee, and
482:firm opposition from PCT "conservatives", led by
2600:1969 establishments in the Republic of the Congo
2556:
2068:African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde
1567:"Congo ruling party wins majority in parliament"
2585:Political parties in the Republic of the Congo
1966:People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola
1669:Political parties in the Republic of the Congo
742:
1900:
1653:
509:, the RMP parties ran joint candidate lists.
493:became Interim Secretary-General of the PCT.
1542:
1540:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1907:
1893:
1806:Patriotic Union for Democracy and Progress
1660:
1646:
388:position; they unsuccessfully attempted a
47:
548:
27:Ruling party of the Republic of the Congo
1937:People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
1740:Party for Agreement and Political Action
1537:
1335:
2048:Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party
1796:Movement for Solidarity and Development
1710:Rally for Democracy and Social Progress
1547:"Congo : la surprise Pierre Ngolo"
522:July–August 2012 parliamentary election
14:
2595:Communism in the Republic of the Congo
2557:
2283:Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
1781:Convention for Democracy and Salvation
1698:Pan-African Union for Social Democracy
1518:
1516:
1406:(in French). Congolese Party of Labour
2580:Political parties established in 1969
2388:Seychelles People's Progressive Front
1982:People's Revolutionary Party of Benin
1888:
1874:Politics of the Republic of the Congo
1716:Dynamic for the Republic and Recovery
1641:
1572:
1396:
345:is the Secretary-General of the PCT.
266:Politics of the Republic of the Congo
2407:Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party
1826:Union for Democracy and the Republic
543:
468:May–June 2002 parliamentary election
2590:Social democratic parties in Africa
2440:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2268:Vanguard of the Malagasy Revolution
1811:Rally for Democracy and Development
1791:Movement for Democracy and Progress
1513:
337:as its principal ideology in 2006.
116:5, rue LĂ©on Jacob, Quartier Mpila,
107:National Movement of the Revolution
24:
2491:League of Communists of Yugoslavia
2454:Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party
2233:Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party
1299:
503:Rally of the Presidential Majority
438:
25:
2611:
2575:Formerly ruling communist parties
2143:Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
1622:
359:The PCT was founded by President
348:
2253:Lao People's Revolutionary Party
2228:Hungarian Working People's Party
2157:Socialist Unity Party of Germany
1846:Union of Humanist Democrats-Yuki
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323:People's Republic of the Congo
13:
1:
2403:Supreme Revolutionary Council
1722:Union for a People's Movement
1332:, 17 October 1984, pages 1–3.
1316:
535:
420:Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya
2570:Parties of one-party systems
2343:Polish United Workers' Party
2033:Communist Party of Kampuchea
1831:Union for Democratic Renewal
7:
1704:Action and Renewal Movement
1610:Les DĂ©pĂŞches de Brazzaville
1590:Les DĂ©pĂŞches de Brazzaville
1504:Les DĂ©pĂŞches de Brazzaville
1463:Les DĂ©pĂŞches de Brazzaville
1436:Les DĂ©pĂŞches de Brazzaville
1387:Les DĂ©pĂŞches de Brazzaville
1359:Les DĂ©pĂŞches de Brazzaville
743:National Assembly elections
449:June–October 1997 civil war
10:
2616:
2476:Communist Party of Vietnam
2179:Workers' Party of Ethiopia
2010:African Independence Party
1951:Party of Labour of Albania
1759:Union of Democratic Forces
824:
426:, favored a hard-line pro-
352:
325:. It took a more moderate
310:, it was originally a pro-
296:Parti congolais du travail
91:29 December 1969
40:Parti congolais du travail
18:Parti Congolais du Travail
2511:List of communist parties
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1996:Bulgarian Communist Party
1988:
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1869:List of political parties
1859:
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1692:Congolese Party of Labour
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34:
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1821:United Democratic Forces
1353:23 February 2012 at the
456:United Democratic Forces
185:United Democratic Forces
2324:Workers' Party of Korea
2128:Communist Party of Cuba
2087:Chinese Communist Party
158:Political position
2425:Yemeni Socialist Party
1841:Union for the Republic
1243:coalition government
549:Presidential elections
498:parliamentary election
424:François-Xavier Katali
295:
2365:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2339:Polish Workers' Party
1816:Take Action for Congo
1801:New Democratic Forces
1569:, AFP, 7 August 2012.
1293:coalition government
1180:coalition government
1113:coalition government
1051:coalition government
394:Joachim Yhombi Opango
329:stance following the
306:. Founded in 1969 by
304:Republic of the Congo
1528:La Semaine Africaine
826:Denis Sassou Nguesso
597:Denis Sassou-Nguesso
507:2008 local elections
475:Ambroise Noumazalaye
409:Denis Sassou Nguesso
384:, favored a radical
382:Claude-Ernest Ndalla
339:Denis Sassou Nguesso
333:in 1991 and adopted
181:National affiliation
60:Denis Sassou Nguesso
1553:, 1 September 2011
1465:, 22 November 2007
1457:8 July 2011 at the
1438:, 18 November 2007
1430:8 July 2011 at the
1389:, 30 December 2006
1381:8 July 2011 at the
1361:, 30 December 2006
1330:Africa Confidential
458:coalition, won the
2194:New Jewel Movement
1836:Union for Progress
1584:2 January 2013 at
1346:Emmanuel Mbengue,
321:which founded the
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936:Sole legal party
897:Sole legal party
859:Sole legal party
815:Sole legal party
740:
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544:Electoral history
484:Justin Lekoundzou
464:National Assembly
368:-style socialist
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271:Political parties
217:National Assembly
67:Secretary-General
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445:Pascal Lissouba
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439:Multi-party era
370:one-party state
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187:(2002 - ?)
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2004:Burkina Faso
1964:
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1408:. Retrieved
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514:Pierre Ngolo
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413:Eastern Bloc
401:deviationism
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378:Ange Diawara
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300:ruling party
287:
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113:Headquarters
72:Pierre Ngolo
29:
2536:Warsaw Pact
2415:South Yemen
2316:North Korea
1931:Afghanistan
1749: [
1614:(in French)
1594:(in French)
1555:(in French)
1532:(in French)
1508:(in French)
1487:(in French)
1467:(in French)
1440:(in French)
1391:(in French)
1363:(in French)
1306:Benoît Bati
1010:Opposition
973:Opposition
390:coup d'etat
386:pro-Chinese
167:Historical:
163:Centre-left
138:Historical:
118:Brazzaville
2559:Categories
2485:Yugoslavia
2382:Seychelles
2292:Mozambique
2262:Madagascar
2061:Cape Verde
1786:Life Party
1317:References
717:1,539,725
659:1,055,117
630:1,075,247
536:Membership
353:See also:
230:Party flag
95:1969-12-29
2526:Comintern
2521:Cominform
1734:Club 2002
1287:Club 2002
1260:112 / 151
1237:Club 2002
1178:Club 2002
1090:Club 2002
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838:153 / 153
794:115 / 115
768:Position
750:Election
556:Election
327:left-wing
276:Elections
223:112 / 151
171:Left-wing
143:Communism
56:President
2277:Mongolia
2165:Ethiopia
2018:Cambodia
1990:Bulgaria
1582:Archived
1455:Archived
1428:Archived
1379:Archived
1351:Archived
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1067:47 / 137
1026:53 / 137
989:15 / 101
952:18 / 125
907:870,460
869:853,168
830:725,981
786:375,382
688:838,922
601:131,346
568:Results
175:far-left
125:Ideology
2516:Comecon
2468:Vietnam
2397:Somalia
2351:Romania
2299:FRELIMO
2219:Hungary
2188:Grenada
1945:Albania
1410:18 July
771:Result
727:Elected
720:88.40%
698:Elected
691:60.19%
669:Elected
662:78.61%
640:Elected
633:89.41%
604:16.75%
520:In the
496:In the
466:in the
302:of the
244:Website
209:44 / 72
192:Colours
93: (
88:Founded
78:Founder
2333:Poland
1959:Angola
762:Seats
756:Votes
581:Votes
573:Votes
428:Soviet
366:Soviet
312:Soviet
292:French
203:Senate
2175:COPWE
2096:Congo
2079:China
1976:Benin
1753:]
1153:MCDDI
1094:MCDDI
910:100%
872:100%
833:100%
789:100%
2448:Tuva
2245:Laos
2171:Derg
2120:Cuba
1694:(90)
1412:2020
1291:RDPS
1281:PCT–
1278:1st
1250:2022
1224:RDPS
1218:PCT–
1215:1st
1187:2017
1157:RDPS
1151:PCT-
1148:1st
1120:2012
1111:AGIR
1103:UPDP
1088:PCT–
1085:1st
1057:2007
1047:PCT–
1044:1st
1016:2002
1007:3rd
979:1993
970:3rd
962:115
942:1992
933:1st
903:1989
894:1st
865:1984
856:1st
821:1979
812:1st
804:115
777:1973
765:+/–
713:2021
684:2016
655:2009
626:2002
611:Lost
592:1992
530:2022
528:and
526:2017
380:and
286:The
253:.pct
2041:PRK
1761:(1)
1755:(1)
1742:(1)
1736:(1)
1730:(1)
1724:(2)
1718:(3)
1712:(3)
1706:(4)
1700:(8)
1283:MAR
1270:16
1241:UFD
1232:PRL
1220:MAR
1170:UFD
1161:MAR
1140:42
1107:MAR
1098:MSD
1049:FDU
1036:38
925:20
848:38
255:.cg
251:www
196:Red
173:to
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1751:fr
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2071:*
1969:*
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1289:–
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1109:–
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1096:–
1092:–
735:Y
706:Y
677:Y
648:Y
619:N
585:%
577:%
290:(
97:)
20:)
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