Irish Parliamentary Party

638:. The Reform Act had increased from 220,000 to 500,000 the number of Irishmen who had a right to vote, many of whom were small farmers. The election increased the total Irish Party representation from 63 to 85 seats, which included seventeen in Ulster. In January 1886 the INL had developed to 1,262 branches and could claim to contain the vast body of Irish Catholic public sentiment. It acted not merely as an electoral committee for the Irish Party, but as local law-giver, unofficial parliament, government, police and supreme court. Parnell's personal authority in the organisation was enormous. The INL was a formidable political machine built in the traditional political culture of rural Ireland. It was an alliance of tenant farmers, shopkeepers and publicans. No one could stand against it. 579:(INL). It combined moderate agrarianism, a Home Rule programme with electoral functions. It was hierarchical and autocratic in structure with Parnell wielding immense authority and direct parliamentary control. Parliamentary constitutionalism was the future path. The informal alliance between the new, tightly disciplined National League and the Catholic Church was one of the main factors for the revitalisation of the national Home Rule cause after 1882. Parnell saw that the explicit endorsement of Catholicism was of vital importance to the success of this venture. At the end of 1882 the organisation already had 232 branches, in 1885 increased to 592 branches. He left the day-to-day running of the League in the hands of his lieutenants 1656:, the moderate Home Rule party was effectively airbrushed out of official Irish history, but it left its mark in politics on both sides of the border. The new Sinn Féin party that emerged in 1917 was heavily influenced by its Home Rule predecessors. Perhaps obliviously Sinn Féiners adopted and adapted the tactics of their Home Rule opponents, and soon beat the Redmondites at their own game. They quickly came to represent and cherish old local customs associated with the Home Rule party, absorbing their habits and skills and passing them on to its successors, Cumann na nGaedheal/Fine Gael and Fianna Fáil. 1764: 447:" during 1876–1877, to bring Westminster out of its complacency towards Ireland by proposing amendments to almost every bill and making lengthy overnight speeches. This did not bring Home Rule closer, but helped to revitalise the Irish party. Butt considered obstructionism a threat to democracy; in practice, its greatest achievement was to help bring Parnell to the fore of the political scene. An internal struggle began between Butt's majority and Parnell's minority leading to a rift in the party; Parnell determined to obtain control of the Home Rule League. 38: 549: 108: 1791: 1675:, had scarcely started to function before, almost unconsciously, it began to utilise and to build upon the constitutional tradition it had inherited. This is perhaps the highest tribute that can deservedly be bestowed upon the old Irish Parliamentary Party, which during fifty years of hard and exacting as well as frustrating parliamentary labours, established and fostered the development of representative institutions which gave stimulus to democratic action and discussion at every level of political involvement. 1710: 901:, they campaigned against O'Brien, ferociously attacking him for putting Land Purchase and Conciliation before Home Rule. O'Brien's appeal to Redmond to suppress their opposition went unheeded. After stating that he was making no headway with his policy, he resigned his parliamentary seat in November 1903. It was a serious setback for the party, at the same time turning once intimate friends into mortal enemies. O'Brien subsequently engaged during 1904–1905 with the 1839: 1597: 1818: 841:

prime mover and may be truly regarded as an architect of the settlement of 1900 in merging them under a new programme of agrarian agitation, political reform and Home Rule into a new united Irish Parliamentary Party. Redmond, leader of the smaller INL group, was chosen as its leader mainly due to the personal rivalries between the INF's Anti-Parnellite leaders. After the party returned 77 MPs in the

398:, votes in general election were to be cast in private for the first time. The League put denominational education, land reform and release of political prisoners at the centre of the movement. It had difficulty finding reliable candidates to support its Home Rule issue, though succeeded in winning sixty Irish seats, many with ex-Liberals. 378:, thereby impinging on the powers of the Irish landlords to indiscriminately evict tenant farmers. At first the Catholic hierarchy supported Gladstone supervising Irish affairs, hoping to gain financial aid for a Catholic University. But his educational programme of 1873 did not provide for a denominational university. 501:, sixty-four Home Rulers were elected, twenty-seven Parnell supporters, facilitating in May his nomination as leader of a divided Home Rule Party and of a country on the brink of a land war. He immediately understood that supporting land agitation was a means to achieving his objective of self-government. The 1402:

seats. Unionist (including Unionist Labour) votes were 305,206 (30.2%) – by which Unionists increased their representation from 19 to 26 seats. The Irish Party leader Dillon lost his seat and the party was dissolved. The remnants of the IPP later re-established itself with six members to form the

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Constitutional Irish nationalism was seemingly triumphant in 1912, then apparently destroyed in 1916, but it revived and remarkably—was consolidated under the leadership of former republican rebels, who had rejected moderate political approaches a few years earlier. The Home Rule bill of 1912 was not

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founded in 1912 did not participate). In the past the IPP only faced opposition from candidates at conventions within the Home Rule movement. It never had to compete a nationwide election, so that the party branches and organisation had slowly declined. In most constituencies the new young local Sinn

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When the war situation worsened, a new Conservative-Liberal coalition government was formed in May 1915. Redmond was offered a seat in its cabinet, which he declined. This was welcomed in Ireland but greatly weakened his position after his rival, unionist leader Carson accepted a cabinet post. As the

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The Irish Party retained 85 seats and, in the years up to 1889, centred itself around the formidable figure of Parnell, who continued to pursue Home Rule, striving to reassure English voters that it would be of no threat to them. During that period, the National League was out of contact with him and

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abolished the old landlord-dominated Grand Juries and replaced them by forty-nine county, urban and rural district councils, managed by Irish people for the administration of local affairs. The councils were very popular in Ireland as they established a political class, who showed themselves capable

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and D. D. Sheehan. Proposals to reunite the party were made by Redmond and a meeting summoned for the Mansion House, Dublin in April 1908. O'Brien and others rejoined the party temporarily for the sake of unity. But on his demand for further treasury funding for land purchase, O'Brien was ultimately

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in 1899 was condemned by both Irish factions; their combined opposition helped to bring about a measure of understanding between them. By 1900 the threat of O'Brien swamping and outmanoeuvring them at the upcoming elections forced the two divided parties, the INL and the INF, to re-unite. He was the

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attend parliament, long before other MPs first received state pay in 1911. The profiles of the 105 Irish MPs had changed considerably since 1868 when 69% were landlords or the sons of landlords, reduced to 47% by 1874. Those with professional backgrounds increased from 10% to 23% in the same period,

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In sharp contrast to Parnell, John Redmond lacked charisma. He worked well in small committees, but had little success in arousing large audiences. Parnell always chose the nominees to Parliament. Now they were selected by the local party organisations, giving Redmond numerous weak MPs over whom he

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dealt with its leaders won sympathy for their cause. A total of 16 were shot within weeks of the Rising and another hanged several weeks later. The Rising began the decline of constitutional nationalism as represented by the IPP and the ascent of a more radical separatist form of Irish nationalism.

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through parliament, which provided large-scale government funding for a programme of extensive rural social housing. In the following five years over 40,000 labourer owned cottages standing on an acre of land and purchases at low annual annuities, were erected by Local County Councils. The Act, and

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Perhaps the greatest achievement of the IPP was the introduction to Irish society of a parliamentary constitutional tradition and all that went with it — a fully up-and-running local government administration with its diverse institutions, which had rooted itself more deeply than anyone could have

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approach to settling the Irish Question they enacted many important reforms introduced by the Irish members, who, on the other hand, made no effort to settle their party differences. This bred apathy amongst the Irish public towards politics, much needed financial contributions from America ebbing

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Around 24,000 of the National Volunteers did enlist but the remainder, or about 80% did not. Moreover, the organisation declined due to lack of training and organisation as the war went on. "The resulting collapse of the National Volunteers presaged that of the Irish Party itself, though this was

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Parnell worked untiringly between Ireland and Britain making speeches for support which he actually got from the (IRB) Fenians who rallied to him. He was married in June 1891 to Mrs O'Shea. After an election tour in the west of Ireland, his health deteriorated seriously, and he died in October in

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The Party lost 78 of its 84 seats. This was due to the "first past the post" British electoral system. Votes cast for the IPP were 220,837 (21.7%) for merely 6 seats (down from 84 out of 105 seats in 1910). Sinn Féin votes were 476,087 (or 46.9%) for 48 seats, plus 25 uncontested totalling an 73

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This prospect after 40 years of struggle was greeted optimistically, even when self-government was initially limited to running Irish affairs. But for Unionists, convinced the Union with the United Kingdom was economically best for Ireland, and for Protestants, now that Devlin's paramilitary AOH

1125:(IRB). The Volunteers had 180,000 members by May 1914. Redmond, worried by the growth of nationalist mass movement outside the Party, quickly tried to take control of the Volunteers. He demanded and was given a position on its leadership council and rapidly filled its ranks with IPP supporters. 411:

After the 1874 general election, forty-six members assembled in Dublin and organised themselves into a separate Irish parliamentary party in the Commons. The political outlook appeared encouraging at first, but the party was unable to achieve anything, the Liberals and Gladstone having lost the

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The masterful strategy adopted by William O'Brien of bringing about agreement on land purchase between tenants and landlords under the Act, may almost be said to have been too great a success as it resulted in a rush of landlords to sell and of tenants to buy. Dillon, the deputy party leader,

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Parnell's new Irish Parliamentary Party emerged swiftly as a tightly disciplined—one author described it as "a regiment led by C. S. Parnell and by Michael Davitt" and on the whole, energetic body of parliamentarians with strict rules. The inauguration of the "party pledge" in 1884 decisively

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in 1893. It was master-handled through three readings of the Commons by William O'Brien and passed in September by 301 votes to 267, during which Unionist conventions called in Dublin and Belfast to oppose the bill, denounced the possibility of partition. A week later 419 peers in the

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adopted educational issues and land reform into its programme, the hierarchy then favouring a Dublin-based parliament. The increasing Catholic numbers within the association frightened off its Protestant, landlord element. The association was dissolved and Butt replaced it with the

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The unresolved land reform situation was again the mainspring for renewed political activity. William O'Brien had withdrawn from parliament to Mayo and in 1898, driven by the plight of the farming community's need for more land, formed together with Davitt a new land movement, the

770:(INF). By-elections in 1891 were fought with bitter venom by the INF anti-Parnellites, Dillon and Healy making extremely personal attacks on Parnell. The INF was also supported by the Catholic clergy who went to aggressive extremes to ensure that INF candidates were returned. 935:

saw the Liberals back in power with 379 seats, an overwhelming majority of 88 over all other parties, after they had promised Home Rule. Redmond's IPP now with 82 seats, at first delighted until the Liberals backed down on Home Rule, knowing it had no chance in the Lords.

1240:, Mathew Nathan, writing in November 1915, thought that Redmond's stance on the War ultimately cost him and his party their pre-eminent position in Irish life, "Redmond has been honestly imperial, but by going as far as he has, he has lost his position in the country." 1232:, and the fact that the division did not have its own specific uniforms, was an unpopular decision. The War Office also reacted with suspicion to Redmond's remark that the Volunteers would soon return as an armed army to oppose Ulster's resistance to Home Rule. 774:

their Brighton home. His funeral in Dublin was attended by 200,000 people. In his speeches he was convinced of an Ireland completely separated from Britain, but was ambiguous, never committing himself nor distancing himself, from the use of physical-force.

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as a "partition deal" after Carson forced through an Amending Bill providing for the exclusion of Ulster, permanent or provisional to be negotiated, which ultimately led to the partition of Ireland. This was deeply resented among northern nationalists and

564:, a truce not dissimilar to truces to follow, marked a critical turning point in Parnell's leadership, though it resulted in losing the support of Devoy's American-Irish. However, his political diplomacy preserved the national Home Rule movement after the 1000:

of running Irish affairs. It also stimulated the desire to attain Home Rule and to manage affairs on a national level. A less positive consequence was that the councils were largely dominated by the Irish Party, becoming the wielders of local patronage.

704:. With the Conservatives playing the "Ulster card", and sections of the Liberal faction voting against the bill, Gladstone hinted that eventually a separate solution for Ulster might need to be sought. His observation echoed far into the next century. 489:

in October 1879 Parnell was elected president, but did not take control of it, favouring to continue to hold mass meetings. Isaac Butt died later that year and Parnell held back in grabbing control of the party. Instead he travelled to America with

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of October 1916. The tide then changed after it lost three by-elections in 1917 to the more physical-force republican Sinn Féin movement, which in the meantime had built up 1,500 organised clubs around Ireland and exceeded the strength of the old

1324:. His enthusiastic support for the British war effort alienated many Catholics. His party had been increasingly hollowed out, and the major crises—notably the Easter Rising in 1916 and the Conscription crisis of 1918—were enough to destroy it. 923:(AOH), organising its rise first in Ulster and after he had control of the UIL, eventually across the south, largely displacing the UIL. The Irish Party came to have an increasing dependence on the AOH, though the party's attempts to crush out 1097:

over most matters and limited them to a two-year delaying power, ensuring that Redmond's reward of a Government of Ireland Bill for the whole of Ireland introduced in 1912 would subsequently achieve national self-government in Dublin by 1914.

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The UIL, explicitly designed to reconcile the fragmented party, was accepted as the parliamentary nationalists' main support organisation, with which O'Brien intensified his campaign of agrarian agitation. Encouraged by the Chief Secretary

828:(UIL). It quickly spread first in the west, the following year nationwide like the old Land League and attracted members from all factions of the two split parties, O'Brien threatening to displace them and take them both over. 790:

Parnellites won a third of the Home Rule/nationalist votes (18.2% Parnellites v. 58.9% for anti-Parnellites) but only nine seats, the anti-Parnellites returned 72 MPs divided between Dillonites and a fragmented minority of six

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with Home Rule, but the Liberals were divided. Parnell then sided with the Conservatives. Gladstone's second government fell, and Lord Salisbury's Conservatives formed an administration. Both parties now courted Parnell.

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In April 1882 Parnell moved to make a deal with the government. The settlement involved withdrawing the manifesto and undertaking to move against agrarian crime, seeing militancy would never win Home Rule. The so-called

614:) in western politics. The members were also paid stipends, or expense allowances from party funds, which helped both to increase parliamentary turnout and enabled middle-class members such as William O'Brien or later 873:

through parliament, which enabled tenant farmers to buy out their landlord's land at favourable annuities, while giving the landlords a premium price. The last landlords sold out in the 1920s, thus ending the age-old

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away. In this period of political disarray and disunity of purpose young Irish nationalists turned instead to the country's new cultural and militant movements, enabling the Church to fill the political vacuum.

1496:, there was no continuity with the Irish Party at elite level. Many former AOH/IPP followers also lingered on as a pro-Treaty support organisation, some AOH adherents later fought on the Francoist side in the 1219:

counterparts and the Ulster Volunteers who manned it with their own trained military reserve officers, the southern Volunteers possessed no officers with previous military experience with the result that the

751:. Gladstone reacted by informing Parnell that if he were re-elected leader of the Irish Party, Home Rule would be withdrawn. Parnell did not disclose this to his party and was selected leader on 25 November. 306:

up until 1918. Its central objectives were legislative independence for Ireland and land reform. Its constitutional movement was instrumental in laying the groundwork for Irish self-government through three

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John Redmond, protesting at the severity of the state's response to the Rising, wrote to Asquith, "if any more executions take place, Ireland will become impossible for any Constitutional Party or leader".

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Redmond and his IPP nationalists, as later those who succeeded them in 1919, had little or no knowledge of Belfast, underestimating Unionist resistance as a bluff, insisting "Ulster will have to follow".

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seat in 1885 and retained it in every election until his death in 1929 – even after the demise of the actual party (O'Connor being returned unopposed in the elections of 1918, 1922, 1923, 1924, and 1929).

711:, the result swinging in the other direction. The Conservatives were the largest party and were able to form a minority government with the loose support of the Liberal faction opposed to Home Rule, the 1398:

Féin organisation controlled the electoral scene well in advance of the election. As a result, in 25 constituencies the IPP did not contest the seats, and Sinn Féin candidates were returned unopposed.

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militia to oppose Home Rule. Unionists and the Orange Order in mass demonstrations determined to ensure that Home Rule would not apply for them. Nationalists in turn formed their own armed group, the

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imagined into the life of the country. The party had above all (in the era prior to 1914) contributed in its prime to the political maturity of the nation and to the transformation of its society.

1512:(1922–1928), an enlightened choice to bridge the gap between the old order and the new generation of Cumann na nGaedheal politicians, although highly partisan (his nephew was Minister for Justice 1304:

had little control. Redmond was an excellent representative of the old Ireland, but grew increasingly out-dated as he paid little attention to the new forces attracting younger Irishman, such as

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who in 1893 worked closely on passing the Second Home Rule Bill, warned to no avail, that if adequate provisions were not made for Ulster, All-Ireland self-government would never be achieved.

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of separating militancy from the constitutional movement in order to further its path to Home Rule. Throughout 1879 Parnell continued to campaign for land reform and when Davitt founded the

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election. Isaac Butt made some well-received speeches but failed to persuade any of the major parties to support bills beneficial to Ireland, nothing worthwhile reaching the statute books.

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and his party leaders, in order to ensure Home Rule would be implemented after the war, called on the Irish Volunteers to support Britain's war effort (her commitment under the

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Early in 1886, Gladstone declared himself in favour of Home Rule. Parnell's party changed sides, allowing Gladstone to form his third government. Gladstone introduced the first

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in cultural affairs. He never tried to understand the forces emerging in Ulster. Redmond was further weakened in 1914 by the formation by Sinn Féin members of the militaristic

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The results, while a triumph for the republicans, showed that the IPP's politics still had a significant constituency across the island. In the North East, and especially in

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in April 1916, launched by the section of the Irish Volunteers who had remained in the original organisation. The Volunteers, infiltrated to a large degree by the separatist

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for the first time (confined to those over thirty) and a vote to every male over twenty-one years of age. This increased the number of voters from 30% to 75% of all adults.

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who bore him three children. Her divorce proceedings first came to court late in 1890, in which Parnell was named co-respondent. This was a political scandal for English

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from a nationalist parliament in Dublin under their control would impose tariffs on industry. While most of Ireland was primarily agricultural, six of the counties in

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in February 1909 by the party's vigorous militant support organisation, Devlin's "Hibernians". After which O'Brien founded his own political party in March 1909, the

795:– the People's Rights Association. Gladstone and the Liberals were again in power, the divided Home Rulers holding the balance of power. He brought in his promised 3674: 2036: 1086: 1492:, a later Taoiseach. The core of this party group was however solidly Sinn Féin, IRB and IRA in background. On the anti-Treaty Sinn Féin side that developed into 944:

the follow-on Birrell Labourers Act of 1911, housed over a quarter of a million rural labourers and their families and thereby transformed the Irish countryside.

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on a fund raising mission for political purposes and to relieve distress in Ireland after a world economic depression slumped the sale of agricultural produce.

1476:, the political estate of the Irish Party inherited by Sinn Féin evolved into the two nationalist parties of the post-1922 state. On the pro-Treaty side, some 743:) to discuss a renewed Home Rule bill. This was the high point of Parnell's career. However, since 1880 he had had a family relationship with a married woman 3613: 1660:

in itself a dead end. It formed part of the democratic tradition that was adopted a decade later and which has dominated Irish politics to the present day.

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holding the balance of power. The Liberals had won 335 seats, but the IPP's 86 seats were enough to keep the 249 Conservatives in power for the time being.

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and took over much of the centre of Dublin. The rebellion in Dublin was put down in a week of fighting with about 500 deaths. The manner in which British

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A special meeting of the party a week later lasted six days at the end of which 45 "anti-Parnellites" walked out, leaving him with 27 faithful followers,

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The Bill was the centre of intense parliamentary debate and controversy throughout 1913–1914 before it passed its final reading in May, denounced by the

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Further problems for the party followed Asquith's abortive attempt to introduce Home Rule in July 1916 which failed on the threat of partition. Again

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to associate him and his party with crime and violence; he was vindicated in February 1890. Gladstone invited Parnell to his country house (

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A minor group of impatient young Irish members, the genuine "Home-Rulers" distanced themselves from Butt's lack of assertiveness and, led by

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Fenian and raise funds. During 1878 Parnell also met with leading members of the Irish American Fenians. In October Devoy agreed to a

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to enforce Home Rule. The initiative for a series of meetings leading up to the public inauguration of the Volunteers came from the

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in order to manage Irish domestic affairs in the interest of the Protestant landlord class. It was inspired by the success in the

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and his Under Secretary. For the next twenty years Fenians and physical-force militancy ceased to play a role in Irish politics.

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one of his key defenders. Both sides returned to Ireland to organise their supporters into two parties, the former Parnellite

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The Irish Parliamentary Party was for the first time confronted with double opponents from both Unionists and Sinn Féin (the

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followed, which successfully aimed at a settlement by conciliatory agreement between landlord and tenant. O'Brien, Redmond,

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to further the not-fully-resolved land question, and leading Liberal voters to slowly increase their support for Home Rule.

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were the location of heavy industry and would be affected by any tariff barriers imposed. It resulted in the revival of the

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had been defeated in the election and Gladstone was again Prime Minister. He attempted to defuse the land question with the

351:, in which the Liberals won 65 of the 105 Irish seats at Westminster. Gladstone said his mission was to pacify Ireland. The 3623: 3618: 3206: 2889: 1403: 1192:

The Volunteers split on the issue of support for the British and Allied war effort. The majority (over 142,000) formed the

932: 811:, now in coalition and remaining in office until 1905. During those years Home Rule was not on their agenda. Instead, with 808: 428: 336: 246: 181: 1413:

Twenty-seven of the newly elected Sinn Féin MPs assembled in Dublin on 21 January 1919 and formed an Irish parliament, or

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The Liberal Party split on the issue of Irish Home Rule. With the defeat of his Home Rule bill, Gladstone was granted a

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During the previous years many notable Acts of social legislation were pressed for and passed in Ireland's interest:

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which he viewed as a step in the right direction, or "Home Rule by instalments", equally condemned by his opponents.

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organisation had saturated the entire island, fearing a Church dominated nationalist government, it was a disaster.

52: 3226: 3149: 3061: 2992: 1197: 1011: 956: 952: 892: 870: 677:, beseeching parliament to pass the bill which was, however, defeated by 341 to 311 votes. The Bill caused serious 17: 3694: 3591: 3411: 3391: 3211: 3174: 3066: 3030: 2882: 1725: 1606: 1556: 1552: 1022: 862: 3288: 1358:

The Irish party held its own and returned its candidates in by-elections up to the end of 1916, the last in the

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decision by, clumsily linking implementing Home Rule with alleviating the severe manpower shortage by extending

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in August led to the suspension of the Home Rule Act for the duration of the war, expected to only last a year.

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represented the tenant side. Its outcome became the basis for O'Brien orchestrating the unprecedented Wyndham

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reinforced that each member was required to sit, act and vote with the party, one of the first instances of a

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Bull, Philip (1988). "The United Irish League and the Reunion of the Irish Parliamentary Party, 1898–1900".

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which was partially followed. Although the League discouraged violence, agrarian crimes increased widely.

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in 1891, which built public works for, and provided employment in, the poor districts of western Ireland.

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began to be deployed to France in large numbers, the threat of conscription radicalised Irish politics.

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had produced almost exactly the same result, he had no choice but to agree to a new Home Rule Bill. The

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less obvious. Its support for the War was gradually revealed to be a major political encumbrance." The

916:, a young Belfast MP, as its new secretary. Devlin had founded a decade earlier the Catholic sectarian 670: 486: 3293: 3487: 3482: 3201: 2967: 2845:, "The Irish Parliamentary Party" p.207, Gill & MacMillan, Dublin (1973) and Barnes & Noble 2180: 1425:. The government remained committed to introducing Home Rule in Ireland, and in 1921 implemented the 1422: 767: 674: 575:

With the Land League suppressed and internally fracturing, Parnell resurrected it in October as the

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Since 1882, Parnell's successful drive for Home Rule created great anxiety amongst Protestants and

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in 1933. Both MacDermot and Dillon later left Fine Gael, and both argued for Irish entry into

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became the new party secretary. Outside the party at this time were the MPs William O'Brien,

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received Royal Assent in September 1914, celebrated with bonfires across southern Ireland.

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primarily concerned with its own vested interests, keeping up local agitation during the

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lost their majority, and became dependent on the Irish (IPP and AFIL) Party's 84 seats.

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Irish Department of Agriculture Act and Technical Instructors Act (1899) (initiative of

548: 390:, formed after a conference in Dublin in November 1873. Gladstone unexpectedly called a 3278: 3188: 3025: 2997: 2874: 2154: 2146: 1653: 1513: 1442: 1280: 1166: 1130: 1082: 1066: 906: 866: 678: 580: 525: 517: 344: 216: 2870:

BBC History – 1916 Easter Rising – Profiles – Irish Parliamentary Party

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Redmond died in March 1918 and John Dillon took over the IPP leadership. In March the

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also supported the government). Asquith needed the support of Irish MPs to pass the

524:, went into a bitter verbal offensive and were imprisoned in October 1881 under the 331:

in 1873. The League sought to gain a limited form of freedom for Ireland within the

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and returned to Ireland to join forces with other national organisations in massed

1321: 1284: 1118: 1109:' opposition became a repeat scenario of events in 1886 and 1893, their leader Sir 948: 720: 387: 320: 287: 171: 3273: 1165:

defused the threat of civil war in Ireland and was to prove crucial to subsequent

891:

objected to peasant proprietorship, demanding land nationalisation. Together with

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University College Cork, History Faculty: Home Rule, The Elections of 1885, 1886

2401:

University College Cork, History Faculty: Home Rule, The Elections of 1885, 1886

1457:, the IPP had more or less held their ground against the Sinn Féin insurgency, ( 1371:, the Irish electorate of nearly two million had a threefold increase under the 1018:

Act 1909), contributing greatly to the solution of the contentious land question

516:

which failed to eliminate tenant evictions. Parnell and his party lieutenants,

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The result of Parnell's reforms and reorganisation were fully reflected in the

623: 478: 466: 444: 107: 2142: 1543:. It quickly faltered, with many of its prominent members (including Redmond, 1493: 931:'factionism' were carried out through its national organisation, the UIL. The 634:. This election was the first to be fought under the extended suffrage of the 3638: 3056: 1806: 1462: 1407: 1317: 1283:'s initiative to disentangle the Home Rule deadlock after Redmond called the 1260: 1110: 1074: 1026: 913: 748: 615: 470: 420: 1244:

war prolonged, the IPP's image suffered from the horrific casualties at the

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movement of the 1930s maybe owing much to its Ribbon tradition. Veteran MP

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sided with Nationalists on the issue of Home Rule, ended unresolved due to

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disfavoured the Act because he opposed any negotiations with landlords,

366:, whose members were a minority in Ireland and would have largely voted 3318: 2534: 1698: 1667:

Its supporters claimed that this paved the way for the creation of the

1501: 1221: 740: 474: 324: 279: 206: 125: 1520:, which led to republican calls for his resignation). Former party MP 3507: 3184: 3087: 1572: 1481: 917: 689: 642: 201: 2571:

McKay, Enda (1992). "The Housing of the Working Classes 1883–1916".

2507:, p. 235, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London (1968), SBN 7100 2887 3 1347:

in Dublin. Although conscription was never enforced in Ireland, as

939:

The IPP rift with O'Brien deepened after he helped guide the Bryce

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Department of the Taoiseach: Irish Soldiers in the First World War

2480:

Land for the People pp. 77–94, Gill & Macmillan Dublin (1973)

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overran part of the British front. Lloyd George's cabinet took a

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The Conservatives and Liberal Unionists returned to power in the

681:

during the summer and autumn of 1886, in which many were killed.

1559:

was formed in 1932, absorbing the remnants of the conservative

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freed who missed out on Gladstone's earlier amnesty, including

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Nationalism and the Irish Party: Provincial Ireland 1910–1916

1817: 394:, which helped bring the League to the foreground. Under the 231: 804:

rejected it, only 41 supporting. Gladstone retired in 1894.

912:

O'Brien's UIL was taken over by Dillon's protégé and ally,

622:

Now at his height Parnell pressed Gladstone to resolve the

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operated between 1926 and 1931, founded by former IPP MPs

1524:

was elected as a Cumann na nGaedheal TD during the 1920s.

731:

Parnell successfully exposed an attempt to use the forged

370:. He also introduced his first land bill which led to the 1044:

Housing of the Working Classes (Ireland) Act (1908) (the

845:

a period of considerable political development followed.

2904: 2680: 2264:

That Irishman: The Life and Times of John O'Connor Power

1736: 1465:

in the Falls division). The IPP regrouped to become the

290:, as official parliamentary party for Irish nationalist 2668: 2629: 2605: 2370: 1488:) had 'Redmondite' backgrounds, the most notable being 1029:

Acts), providing rural labourers with extensive housing

673:

and, after a long and fierce debate, made a remarkable

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as Secretary, William O'Brien editor of its newspaper

1339:

to Ireland. The Irish party withdrew in protest from

3614:

Current political parties in the Republic of Ireland

2757:

Parliamentary Election Results in Ireland, 1801–1822

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officers, which with the exception of Irish General

645:, which contains a large Irish Catholic community. 112:The Irish harp, along with the coat of arms of the 2358: 2184: 1105:After the Bill passed its first readings in 1913, 2740:pp. 59–62, M. E. Collins, Edco Publishing (2004) 2112:British Democracy and Irish Nationalism 1876–1906 1212:formed for the war, the enthusiasm did not last. 469:. After his release in 1877, Davitt travelled to 3636: 3222:Sligo–Leitrim Independent Socialist Organisation 2698: 2254:. London: Longmans, Green, and Company. p. 1516:; Healy made a public attack on Fianna Fáil and 641:The party secured a seat in the English city of 619:by the early 1890s professionals exceeding 50%. 536:was issued calling for a national tenant farmer 443:movement, adopted the method of parliamentary " 3675:Defunct political parties in the United Kingdom 532:for "sabotaging the Land Act", from where the 27:Irish political party at Westminster, 1874–1922 2827:Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht 2820:, in Home Rule and Ulster's resistance, 1912: 439:, some of whom had close connections with the 3105:Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist) 2890: 2654:, Manchester University Press (2003), Ch. 3: 2593:, pp. 199–206, Daniel O'Connor, London (1921) 2478:Church, State and Nation in Ireland 1898–1921 2247: 2169:(1981) (2005), Gill & Macmillan, Dublin, 2818:Constitutionalism – eclipsed and reborn 1678: 1059:January 1910 United Kingdom general election 116:, played a prominent role in IPP literature. 2794:The Evolution of Irish Nationalist Politics 2770:The Evolution of Irish Nationalist Politics 2539:The Evolution of Irish Nationalist Politics 2167:The evolution of Irish Nationalist Politics 2065: 2041: 2017: 1993: 1969: 1945: 1921: 1897: 1873: 1833: 853:and initiated by moderate landlords led by 333:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 304:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 3720:Political parties in pre-partition Ireland 2897: 2883: 2251:A History of the Irish Parliamentary Party 1842:Graph of Irish UK MPs 1885–1918 in numbers 1620:. Please do not remove this message until 865:(who spoke for Ulster tenant-farmers) and 700:to resist Home Rule and the forming of an 632:general election of November–December 1885 461:Parnell first worked successfully to have 106: 2686: 2674: 2638: 2623: 2611: 2276: 2114:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1640:Learn how and when to remove this message 82:Learn how and when to remove this message 3710:Political parties disestablished in 1922 3100:British and Irish Communist Organisation 2234:The Irish Parliamentary Party, 1890–1910 1837: 1616:Relevant discussion may be found on the 1510:Governor-General of the Irish Free State 1085:and, after a second general election in 1063:January 1910 general election in Ireland 547: 45:This article includes a list of general 3036:Irish Metropolitan Conservative Society 2702:John Redmond and Irish Unity: 1912–1918 2525:Lyons, F. S. L.: pp. 240–241 and p. 236 2464: 2444:. Blackstaff Press. pp. 402, 405. 2388: 2376: 2352: 2340: 2328: 2179: 2109: 1259:The party was taken by surprise by the 14: 3637: 3551:National Socialist Irish Workers Party 2579:. Irish Labour History Society: 27–38. 2436: 2187:Home Rule: An Irish History, 1800-2000 1041:Irish (Catholic) University Act (1908) 979: 450: 372:Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) Act 1870 3715:Political parties established in 1874 3342:Women's Social and Progressive League 2878: 2570: 2364: 2231: 2209: 1467:Nationalist Party of Northern Ireland 1373:Representation of the People Act 1918 1052: 3670:Defunct political parties in Ireland 3624:List of political parties by country 3619:Elections in the Republic of Ireland 2738:Sovereignty and partition, 1912–1949 2128: 1590: 1448: 1382: 1298: 1152: 1025:Act 1906 and Birrell Act 1911) (the 664: 594: 406: 31: 3609:Politics of the Republic of Ireland 3567:Fathers Rights-Responsibility Party 3450:Christian Democrat Party of Ireland 2266:, History Press Ireland, May 2011, 1145:who felt themselves abandoned. The 543: 327:founded after he defected from the 24: 2829:pp. 28–29, published 25 April 2012 766:and John Dillon's anti-Parnellite 51:it lacks sufficient corresponding 25: 3731: 3650:1922 disestablishments in Ireland 3536:Irish Monetary Reform Association 3259:All Ireland Anti-Partition League 3165:Socialist Party of Ireland (1971) 3160:Socialist Party of Ireland (1904) 2858: 2843:The Irish Parliamentary Tradition 2719:from the original on 29 July 2020 1539:and IPP leader John Redmond) and 831: 726: 2993:Irish Socialist Republican Party 2652:Irish Regiments in the Great War 2312:p.107, Edco Press Dublin (1993) 2292:(Oxford University Press, 2005). 2282:Easter 1916: The Irish Rebellion 1816: 1789: 1762: 1735: 1708: 1595: 1345:anti-conscription demonstrations 1163:Ireland's involvement in the war 1012:Land Purchase (Ireland) Act 1903 871:Land Purchase (Ireland) Act 1903 777: 36: 3392:Business and Professional Group 3031:Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union 2832: 2810: 2786: 2762: 2750: 2731: 2692: 2644: 2596: 2583: 2564: 2555: 2528: 2519: 2510: 2490: 2470: 2430: 881: 688:north and south alike, fearing 520:, John Dillon, Michael Davitt, 3680:History of Ireland (1801–1923) 3645:1874 establishments in Ireland 3498:Unionist Anti-Partition League 3327:Community Democrats of Ireland 3217:National Progressive Democrats 3135:League for a Workers' Republic 2656:Raising the Service Battalions 2412: 2394: 2302: 2248:O'Donnell, Frank Hugh (1910). 2098:History of Ireland (1801–1923) 1147:Government of Ireland Act 1914 709:general election for July 1886 13: 1: 3690:Irish Parliamentary Party MPs 3660:All-Ireland political parties 3150:Revolutionary Workers' Groups 2905:Defunct political parties in 2705:. Syracuse UP. pp. 1–3. 2244:, Talbot Press, Dublin (1920) 2103: 1527:The conservative nationalist 1224:had the 16th Division led by 1010:Tenant Land Purchase Acts: ( 3531:Immigration Control Platform 3289:Cumann Poblachta na hÉireann 2825:supplement supported by the 2800:Gill & Macmillan (2005) 2776:Gill & Macmillan (2005) 2545:Gill & Macmillan (2005) 2516:Lyons, F. S. L.: pp. 236–238 2296: 2110:Biagini, Eugenio F. (2007). 2069: 2064: 2059: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2021: 2016: 2011: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1265:Irish Republican Brotherhood 1123:Irish Republican Brotherhood 941:1906 Labourers (Ireland) Act 155:; 102 years ago 137:; 150 years ago 7: 3572:Independent Health Alliance 3299:Irish Anti-Partition League 3130:Irish Workers' Party (1948) 3125:Irish Workers' Party (1926) 3110:Independent Socialist Party 2953:Home Government Association 2774:Origins of the Party system 2602:Sheehan, D. D.: pp. 209–218 2085: 1671:, in which its parliament, 1622:conditions to do so are met 1389:1918 Irish general election 1314:Gaelic Athletic Association 1310:Ancient Order of Hibernians 1238:Under Secretary for Ireland 1038:Old Age Pensions Act (1908) 921:Ancient Order of Hibernians 570:Chief Secretary for Ireland 514:Land Law (Ireland) Act 1881 383:Home Government Association 319:The IPP evolved out of the 10: 3736: 3700:Liberal parties in Ireland 3655:All-for-Ireland League MPs 3455:Christian Solidarity Party 3207:Democratic Socialist Party 2798:The Rise of the Hibernians 2543:The Rise of the Hibernians 2079: 2072: 2055: 2048: 2031: 2024: 2007: 2000: 1983: 1976: 1959: 1952: 1935: 1928: 1911: 1904: 1887: 1880: 1406:in Northern Ireland under 1386: 1093:abolished the veto of the 1035:Evicted Tenants Act (1907) 1021:Labourers (Ireland) Acts ( 598: 487:Irish National Land League 454: 401: 314: 3685:Irish nationalist parties 3604: 3559: 3506: 3483:Donegal Progressive Party 3473: 3430: 3378: 3370:National Democratic Party 3350: 3317: 3245: 3183: 3086: 3079: 3049: 3011: 2978:Irish Parliamentary Party 2968:Irish National Federation 2924: 2917: 2699:Joseph P. Finnan (2004). 2143:10.1017/S0021121400009445 1679:Party leaders (1874–1921) 1586: 1369:December general election 997:1898 Local Government Act 990:Congested Districts Board 968:driven out for good at a 768:Irish National Federation 657:The IPP emerged from the 264:Irish Parliamentary Party 237: 227: 215: 187: 177: 167: 149: 131: 121: 105: 99:Irish Parliamentary Party 96: 3582:Irish Monarchist Society 3546:National Corporate Party 3445:Christian Centrist Party 3332:Liberal Party of Ireland 3304:Irish Independence Party 3021:Irish Conservative Party 2988:Irish Reform Association 2501:John Dillon, A Biography 2232:Lyons, F. S. L. (1951). 2131:Irish Historical Studies 1834:General election results 903:Irish Reform Association 601:Irish Home Rule Movement 555:, the founder of the IPP 392:general election in 1874 329:Irish Conservative Party 278:) was formed in 1874 by 3294:Independent Fianna Fáil 3041:Irish Unionist Alliance 2963:Independent Irish Party 2841:: in ed. Farrel, Brian 2561:Miller, David W.: p.208 2424:4 February 2012 at the 2406:4 February 2012 at the 2215:Charles Stewart Parnell 2193:Oxford University Press 2092:Independent Irish Party 1753:Charles Stewart Parnell 1533:Captain William Redmond 1472:In the South after the 1329:German spring offensive 1077:as Prime Minister (the 1032:Town Tenants Act (1906) 553:Charles Stewart Parnell 417:Charles Stewart Parnell 374:, implementing limited 341:William Ewart Gladstone 217:Political position 66:more precise citations. 3695:Land reform in Ireland 3577:Irish Democratic Party 3227:Socialist Labour Party 2938:All-for-Ireland League 2242:The Home Rule Movement 1843: 1437:and a non-functioning 1217:36th (Ulster) Division 974:All-for-Ireland League 895:editor of the party's 859:Land Reform Conference 713:Liberal Unionist Party 556: 270:; commonly called the 3516:Ailtirí na hAiséirghe 3493:Irish Dominion League 3417:National League Party 3412:National Centre Party 3337:Progressive Democrats 3309:National Party (1924) 3212:National Labour Party 3175:World Socialist Party 2973:Irish National League 2591:Ireland since Parnell 2541: : pp. 107–108. 1841: 1557:National Centre Party 1537:Irish National League 1529:National League Party 1506:Timothy Michael Healy 1360:West-Cork by-election 1349:fresh American troops 1206:16th (Irish) Division 1202:10th (Irish) Division 933:1906 general election 905:and in 1907 with the 843:1900 general election 817:Constructive Unionism 809:1895 general election 797:second Home Rule Bill 784:1892 general election 760:Irish National League 659:1885 general election 577:Irish National League 551: 499:1880 general election 353:Irish Church Act 1869 337:1868 general election 309:Irish Home Rule bills 294:(MPs) elected to the 292:Members of Parliament 3237:United Left Alliance 3197:Cork Socialist Party 3120:Irish Workers' Group 2948:Healyite Nationalist 2240:MacDonagh, Michael: 1500:, the quasi-fascist 1484:leaders (apart from 1427:Fourth Home Rule Act 1246:Cape Helles landings 1173:had been overrun by 988:The creation of the 836:The outbreak of the 702:Irish Unionist Party 690:Catholic intolerance 566:Phoenix Park Murders 433:Frank Hugh O'Donnell 282:, the leader of the 114:provinces of Ireland 3665:Anti-Parnellite MPs 3465:Poblacht Chríostúil 3460:Muintir na hÉireann 3422:Social Credit Party 3402:Cumann na nGaedheal 3284:Cumann na Poblachta 3145:Republican Congress 3115:Irish Worker League 3026:Irish Liberal Party 3003:United Irish League 2983:Irish Patriot Party 2442:A History of Ulster 2288:Wheatley, Michael. 2217:. Fontana/Collins. 1609:of this section is 1478:Cumann na nGaedheal 1431:partitioned Ireland 1423:War of Independence 1417:of a self-declared 1316:in sports, and the 1287:in June 1917, when 1194:National Volunteers 1091:Parliament Act 1911 980:Notable legislation 876:Irish land question 826:United Irish League 671:Home Rule Bill 1886 451:Land-war mainspring 425:John O'Connor Power 349:Justice for Ireland 242:Politics of Ireland 3521:Córas na Poblachta 3488:Irish Centre Party 3440:Catholic Democrats 3279:Clann na Poblachta 2998:Repeal Association 2816:Laffan, Michael: 2476:Miller, David W.: 2278:Townshend, Charles 1844: 1654:Anglo-Irish Treaty 1461:soundly beaten by 1443:Anglo-Irish Treaty 1395:Irish Labour Party 1289:Southern Unionists 1252:as well as on the 1143:southern unionists 1053:Home Rule succeeds 953:Sir Thomas Esmonde 907:Irish Council Bill 867:Timothy Harrington 857:the December 1902 651:Liverpool Scotland 581:Timothy Harrington 557: 526:Irish Coercion Act 3632: 3631: 3600: 3599: 3587:Natural Law Party 3140:Vanguard Movement 3075: 3074: 2310:Ireland 1868–1966 2272:978-1-84588-698-1 2083: 2082: 1831: 1830: 1650: 1649: 1642: 1498:Spanish Civil War 1449:After dissolution 1404:Nationalist Party 1383:Decisive election 1377:granted franchise 1312:in politics, the 1299:Crisis and change 1153:Europe intervenes 970:Dublin Convention 898:Freeman's Journal 749:Victorian society 665:Home Rule delayed 595:Parnellism reigns 562:Kilmainham Treaty 534:No Rent Manifesto 429:Edmund Dwyer Gray 407:Party inaugurated 364:Church of Ireland 355:provided for the 347:under the slogan 284:Nationalist Party 260: 259: 247:Political parties 197:Irish nationalism 182:Nationalist Party 178:Succeeded by 92: 91: 84: 16:(Redirected from 3727: 3526:Identity Ireland 3397:Cork Civic Party 3360:Clann na Talmhan 3269:Aontacht Éireann 3084: 3083: 2958:Home Rule League 2922: 2921: 2912: 2911: 2899: 2892: 2885: 2876: 2875: 2853: 2836: 2830: 2814: 2808: 2790: 2784: 2772: : p. 151 2766: 2760: 2754: 2748: 2735: 2729: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2696: 2690: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2666: 2650:Bowman, Timothy 2648: 2642: 2636: 2627: 2626:, p. 52–53. 2621: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2600: 2594: 2589:Sheehan, D. D., 2587: 2581: 2580: 2568: 2562: 2559: 2553: 2532: 2526: 2523: 2517: 2514: 2508: 2494: 2488: 2474: 2468: 2462: 2456: 2455: 2438:Bardon, Jonathan 2434: 2428: 2416: 2410: 2398: 2392: 2386: 2380: 2379:, p. 39–42. 2374: 2368: 2362: 2356: 2350: 2344: 2338: 2332: 2326: 2320: 2306: 2285: 2262:Stanford, Jane, 2259: 2237: 2228: 2206: 2190: 2162: 2125: 2076: 2067: 2052: 2043: 2028: 2019: 2004: 1995: 1980: 1971: 1956: 1947: 1932: 1923: 1908: 1899: 1884: 1875: 1853:House of Commons 1846: 1845: 1820: 1809: 1793: 1782: 1766: 1755: 1739: 1728: 1712: 1701: 1683: 1682: 1669:Irish Free State 1645: 1638: 1634: 1631: 1625: 1599: 1598: 1591: 1541:Thomas O'Donnell 1490:John A. Costello 1439:Southern Ireland 1435:Northern Ireland 1322:Irish Volunteers 1285:Irish Convention 1210:New Service Army 1169:. After neutral 1157:The outbreak of 1138:O'Brienite Party 1119:Irish Volunteers 1115:Ulster Volunteer 1113:approving of an 1107:Ulster Unionists 949:Richard Hazleton 745:Katharine O'Shea 721:Plan of Campaign 679:riots in Belfast 675:Home Rule Speech 544:Truce and treaty 388:Home Rule League 357:disestablishment 321:Home Rule League 296:House of Commons 288:Home Rule League 286:, replacing the 172:Home Rule League 168:Preceded by 163: 161: 156: 145: 143: 138: 110: 94: 93: 87: 80: 76: 73: 67: 62:this article by 53:inline citations 40: 39: 32: 21: 18:Parnellite split 3735: 3734: 3730: 3729: 3728: 3726: 3725: 3724: 3635: 3634: 3633: 3628: 3596: 3555: 3502: 3469: 3432:Christian right 3426: 3374: 3346: 3313: 3241: 3202:Democratic Left 3179: 3071: 3045: 3007: 2913: 2907: 2906: 2903: 2861: 2856: 2839:Lyons, F. S. L. 2837: 2833: 2821: 2815: 2811: 2791: 2787: 2767: 2763: 2755: 2751: 2736: 2732: 2722: 2720: 2713: 2697: 2693: 2685: 2681: 2673: 2669: 2649: 2645: 2637: 2630: 2622: 2618: 2610: 2606: 2601: 2597: 2588: 2584: 2569: 2565: 2560: 2556: 2533: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2515: 2511: 2497:Lyons, F. S. L. 2495: 2491: 2475: 2471: 2463: 2459: 2452: 2435: 2431: 2426:Wayback Machine 2417: 2413: 2408:Wayback Machine 2399: 2395: 2387: 2383: 2375: 2371: 2363: 2359: 2351: 2347: 2339: 2335: 2327: 2323: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2225: 2211:Lyons, F. S. L. 2203: 2122: 2106: 2088: 2077: 2074: 2053: 2050: 2029: 2026: 2005: 2002: 1981: 1978: 1957: 1954: 1933: 1930: 1909: 1906: 1885: 1882: 1857:Share of votes 1836: 1824: 1823: 1822: 1821: 1805: 1797: 1796: 1795: 1794: 1778: 1770: 1769: 1768: 1767: 1751: 1743: 1742: 1741: 1740: 1724: 1716: 1715: 1714: 1713: 1697: 1681: 1646: 1635: 1629: 1626: 1615: 1600: 1596: 1589: 1565:Frank MacDermot 1518:Éamon de Valera 1514:Kevin O'Higgins 1474:Irish Civil War 1459:Éamon de Valera 1451: 1391: 1385: 1301: 1273:General Maxwell 1208:of Kitchener's 1198:Irish regiments 1155: 1131:William O'Brien 1083:People's Budget 1055: 1005:Horace Plunkett 982: 965:Augustine Roche 955:, T. M. Healy, 884: 838:Second Boer War 834: 786:that followed, 780: 729: 667: 636:1884 Reform Act 603: 597: 546: 530:Kilmainham Jail 518:William O'Brien 459: 453: 409: 404: 396:Ballot Act 1872 317: 276:Home Rule Party 256: 211: 159: 157: 154: 141: 139: 136: 117: 101: 100: 88: 77: 71: 68: 58:Please help to 57: 41: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3733: 3723: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3705:Parnellite MPs 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3630: 3629: 3627: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3605: 3602: 3601: 3598: 3597: 3595: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3563: 3561: 3557: 3556: 3554: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3512: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3501: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3479: 3477: 3471: 3470: 3468: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3436: 3434: 3428: 3427: 3425: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3388: 3386: 3376: 3375: 3373: 3372: 3367: 3365:Farmers' Party 3362: 3356: 3354: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3323: 3321: 3315: 3314: 3312: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3255: 3253: 3243: 3242: 3240: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3193: 3191: 3181: 3180: 3178: 3177: 3172: 3170:Workers League 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3096: 3094: 3081: 3077: 3076: 3073: 3072: 3070: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3053: 3051: 3050:Pan-UK parties 3047: 3046: 3044: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3017: 3015: 3009: 3008: 3006: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2943:Catholic Union 2940: 2934: 2932: 2919: 2915: 2914: 2902: 2901: 2894: 2887: 2879: 2873: 2872: 2867: 2860: 2859:External links 2857: 2855: 2854: 2831: 2809: 2785: 2761: 2759:, B. 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Walker 2749: 2730: 2711: 2691: 2689:, p. 280. 2687:Townshend 2005 2679: 2675:Townshend 2005 2667: 2643: 2639:Townshend 2005 2628: 2624:Townshend 2005 2616: 2612:Townshend 2005 2604: 2595: 2582: 2563: 2554: 2527: 2518: 2509: 2489: 2469: 2467:, p. 103. 2457: 2450: 2429: 2411: 2393: 2381: 2369: 2357: 2345: 2333: 2321: 2308:Collins, M.E. 2300: 2298: 2295: 2294: 2293: 2286: 2274: 2260: 2245: 2238: 2229: 2223: 2207: 2201: 2181:Jackson, Alvin 2177: 2163: 2137:(101): 51–78. 2126: 2120: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2100: 2095: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2080: 2078: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2063: 2057: 2056: 2054: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2039: 2033: 2032: 2030: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2015: 2009: 2008: 2006: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1991: 1985: 1984: 1982: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1967: 1961: 1960: 1958: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1943: 1937: 1936: 1934: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1919: 1913: 1912: 1910: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1895: 1889: 1888: 1886: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1871: 1865: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1850: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1828: 1825: 1815: 1814: 1813: 1812: 1810: 1802: 1801: 1798: 1788: 1787: 1786: 1785: 1783: 1775: 1774: 1771: 1761: 1760: 1759: 1758: 1756: 1748: 1747: 1744: 1734: 1733: 1732: 1731: 1729: 1721: 1720: 1717: 1707: 1706: 1705: 1704: 1702: 1694: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1680: 1677: 1648: 1647: 1603: 1601: 1594: 1588: 1585: 1579:on th side of 1561:Farmers' Party 1508:was the first 1450: 1447: 1419:Irish Republic 1387:Main article: 1384: 1381: 1300: 1297: 1269:Irish Republic 1267:, declared an 1230:William Hickie 1183:Triple Entente 1154: 1151: 1095:House of Lords 1054: 1051: 1050: 1049: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1019: 1008: 1001: 995:The extensive 993: 981: 978: 961:John O'Donnell 889:Michael Davitt 883: 880: 851:George Wyndham 833: 832:Reconstruction 830: 813:Arthur Balfour 779: 776: 728: 727:Zenith eclipse 725: 666: 663: 647:T. 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O'Connor 624:Irish Question 599:Main article: 596: 593: 585:United Ireland 568:in May of the 545: 542: 522:Willie Redmond 511:dual ownership 479:Irish-American 477:, the leading 467:Michael Davitt 455:Main article: 452: 449: 445:obstructionism 408: 405: 403: 400: 316: 313: 258: 257: 255: 254: 249: 244: 238: 235: 234: 229: 225: 224: 219: 213: 212: 210: 209: 204: 199: 193: 191: 185: 184: 179: 175: 174: 169: 165: 164: 151: 147: 146: 133: 129: 128: 123: 119: 118: 111: 103: 102: 98: 97: 90: 89: 44: 42: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3732: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3642: 3640: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3606: 3603: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3564: 3562: 3558: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3505: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3472: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3429: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3349: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3316: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3274:Clann Éireann 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3082: 3078: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3054: 3052: 3048: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3010: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2920: 2916: 2910: 2900: 2895: 2893: 2888: 2886: 2881: 2880: 2877: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2862: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2835: 2828: 2824: 2819: 2813: 2807: 2806:0-7171-3967-0 2803: 2799: 2795: 2792:Garvin, Tom: 2789: 2783: 2782:0-7171-3967-0 2779: 2775: 2771: 2768:Garvin, Tom: 2765: 2758: 2753: 2747: 2746:1-84536-040-0 2743: 2739: 2734: 2718: 2714: 2712:9780815630432 2708: 2704: 2703: 2695: 2688: 2683: 2677:, p. 60. 2676: 2671: 2665: 2664:0-7190-6285-3 2661: 2658:, pp. 61–99. 2657: 2653: 2647: 2641:, p. 71. 2640: 2635: 2633: 2625: 2620: 2614:, p. 41. 2613: 2608: 2599: 2592: 2586: 2578: 2574: 2567: 2558: 2552: 2551:0-7171-3967-0 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2531: 2522: 2513: 2506: 2505:Estrangements 2502: 2498: 2493: 2487: 2486:0-7171-0645-4 2483: 2479: 2473: 2466: 2461: 2453: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2433: 2427: 2423: 2420: 2415: 2409: 2405: 2402: 2397: 2391:, p. 21. 2390: 2385: 2378: 2373: 2367:, p. 55. 2366: 2361: 2355:, p. 36. 2354: 2349: 2343:, p. 34. 2342: 2337: 2331:, p. 33. 2330: 2325: 2319: 2318:0-86167-305-0 2315: 2311: 2305: 2301: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2252: 2246: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2230: 2226: 2224:0-00-635324-X 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2202:9780195220483 2198: 2194: 2189: 2188: 2182: 2178: 2176: 2175:0-7171-3967-0 2172: 2168: 2165:Garvin, Tom: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2123: 2121:9781139467568 2117: 2113: 2108: 2107: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2089: 2062: 2058: 2038: 2034: 2014: 2010: 1990: 1986: 1966: 1962: 1942: 1938: 1918: 1914: 1894: 1890: 1870: 1866: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1840: 1826: 1819: 1811: 1808: 1804: 1803: 1799: 1792: 1784: 1781: 1777: 1776: 1772: 1765: 1757: 1754: 1750: 1749: 1745: 1738: 1730: 1727: 1723: 1722: 1718: 1711: 1703: 1700: 1696: 1695: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1684: 1676: 1674: 1670: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1655: 1644: 1641: 1633: 1623: 1619: 1613: 1612: 1608: 1602: 1593: 1592: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1399: 1396: 1390: 1380: 1378: 1375:. 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Russell 860: 856: 855:Lord Dunraven 852: 846: 844: 839: 829: 827: 821: 818: 814: 810: 805: 803: 798: 794: 789: 785: 778:Party divided 775: 771: 769: 765: 761: 757: 752: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 733:Pigott Papers 724: 722: 716: 714: 710: 705: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 682: 680: 676: 672: 662: 660: 655: 652: 648: 644: 639: 637: 633: 628: 625: 620: 617: 616:D. D. 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