2003:
374:
566:
2015:
43:
157:
214:
140:
736:
254:
in 1048, a clear distinction developed between two classes of bulls of greater and less solemnity. The majority of the "great bulls" now in existence are in the nature of confirmations of property or charters of protection accorded to monasteries and religious institutions. In an
238:
Papal bulls have been in use at least since the 6th century, but the phrase was not used until around the end of the 13th century, and then only internally for unofficial administrative purposes. However, it had become official by the 15th century, when one of the offices of the
263:
wished to ensure that the authenticity of their bull was above suspicion. A papal confirmation, under certain conditions, could be pleaded as itself constituting sufficient evidence of title in cases where the original deed had been lost or destroyed.
528:. Cellini retained definitive iconographic items like the faces of the two apostles, but he carved them with a much greater attention to detail and artistic sensibility than had previously been in evidence. On the reverse of the seal he added several
275:
on one side and the pope's name on the other. Papal bulls were originally issued by the pope for many kinds of communication of a public nature, but by the 13th century, papal bulls were only used for the most formal or solemn of occasions.
1033:
604:
In terms of content, the bull is simply the format in which a decree of the pope appears. Any subject may be treated in a bull, and many were and are, including statutory decrees, episcopal appointments,
463:). St. Paul, on the left, was shown with flowing hair and a long pointed beard composed of curved lines, while St. Peter, on the right, was shown with curly hair and a shorter beard made of dome-shaped
803:
280:
seems to have been used almost uniformly as the material for these documents until the early years of the eleventh century, after which it was rapidly superseded by a rough kind of
307:
While papal bulls always used to bear a metal seal, they now do so only on the most solemn occasions. A papal bull is today the most formal type of public decree or
539:
has been replaced with a red ink stamp of Saints Peter and Paul with the reigning pope's name encircling the picture, though very formal letters, e.g. the bull of
295:, solemn or simple, and to some less elaborate ones issued in the form of a letter. Popularly, the name is used for any papal document that contains a metal seal.
346:" that mentioned the place of issuance, day of the month and year of the pope's pontificate on which issued, and signatures, near which was attached the seal.
813:
471:, and the rim of the seal was surrounded by an additional ring of such beads, while the heads themselves were separated by a depiction of a cross. On the
836:
507:" ("to boil"), and alludes to the fact that, whether of wax, lead, or gold, the material making the seal had to be melted to soften it for impression.
342:
The body of the text was often very simple in layout, and it had no specific conventions for its formatting. The closing section consisted of a short "
1403:
589:. The caption reads: "Don't frighten us Pope, with your ban, and don't be such a furious man. Otherwise we shall turn around and show you our rears".
1753:
1916:
632:
appeared. The brief is the less formal form of papal communication and was authenticated with a wax impression, now a red ink impression, of the
169:
1852:
914:"Nicht Bapst: nicht schreck uns mit deim ban, Und sey nicht so zorniger man. Wir thun sonst ein gegen wehre, Und zeigen dirs Bel vedere"
339:
words from which the bull took its title for record-keeping purposes, but which might not be directly indicative of the bull's purpose.
1215:
323:
A bull's format formerly began with one line in tall, elongated letters containing three elements: the pope's name, the papal title "
1344:
1876:
1383:
1804:
935:
1799:
1748:
1408:
287:
Modern scholars have retroactively used the word "bull" to describe any elaborate papal document issued in the form of a
107:
1329:
1306:
1018:
890:
863:
79:
1794:
1789:
1697:
126:
1388:
1767:
1339:
1116:
86:
1943:
1931:
1089:
1965:
1413:
606:
328:
300:
64:
1975:
1182:
1138:
550:
Original papal bulls exist in quantity only after the 11th century onward, when the transition from fragile
93:
1436:
951:
362:
60:
17:
1864:
1825:
1451:
1253:
680:
353:" ("I, N., Bishop of the Catholic Church"). Following the signature in this case would be an elaborate
75:
779:
2052:
2047:
1830:
349:
For the most solemn bulls, the pope signed the document himself, in which case he used the formula "
1970:
1762:
1196:
1960:
1568:
1334:
1219:
685:
578:
53:
2019:
1482:
1456:
705:
614:
544:
1043:
925:
774:
298:
Today, the bull is the only written communication in which the pope will refer to himself as "
267:
Since the 12th century, papal bulls have carried a leaden seal with the heads of the apostles
1926:
1847:
1670:
1509:
1504:
1393:
1069:
990:
853:
751:
739: One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
633:
418:
292:
880:
2042:
1886:
1820:
1617:
1600:
1535:
1109:
1006:"Fisherman's ring | Papal Blessing, Devotional Jewelry & Prayer | Britannica"
984:
655:
628:
The bull was the exclusive letter format from the
Vatican until the 14th century, when the
487:("Shepherd of Shepherds"). This disc was then attached to the document either by cords of
8:
2007:
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100:
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838:
A Brief
History of the World: With Especial Reference to Social and Economic Conditions
808:
357:, the signatures of any witnesses, and then the seal. In modern times, a member of the
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31:
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165:
1019:
https://search.credoreference.com/articles/Qm9va0FydGljbGU6NDc1MjI1NA==?q=papal+bull
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when there was much fabrication of such documents, those who procured bulls from
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144:
491:, in the case of letters of justice and executory letters, or by red and yellow
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1902:
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251:
585:. "Kissing the Pope's feet"; German peasants respond to a papal bull of
558:
was made. None survives in entirety from before 819. Some original lead
495:, in the case of letters of grace, that was looped through slits in the
1720:
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to recreate the metal matrix which would be used to impress the lead
281:
42:
2014:
1980:
1955:
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1142:
1079:
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it depicted, originally somewhat crudely, the early
Fathers of the
354:
312:
213:
156:
395:
The most distinctive characteristic of a bull was the metal seal (
1665:
1625:
551:
332:
277:
184:
1423:
496:
288:
1655:
1630:
1300:
1236:
710:
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409:, as those on Byzantine imperial instruments often were (see
336:
139:
1036:
Cyclopaedia, or an
Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences
569:
From a series of woodcuts (1545) usually referred to as the
1650:
1232:
1209:
1174:
1125:
562:, however, still survive from as early as the 6th century.
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467:(beads in relief). Each head was surrounded by a circle of
406:
402:
260:
188:
1094:
256:
1158:
835:
Botsford, George Willis; Botsford, Jay
Barrett (1922).
361:
signs the document on behalf of the pope, usually the
927:
Luther's Last
Battles: Politics and Polemics 1531-46
882:
Luther's Last
Battles: Politics And Polemics 1531–46
1085:
List of
Conciliar documents at the Theology Library
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1404:Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province
2034:
834:
755:. Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company
304:" ("Bishop, Servant of the Servants of God").
170:Military Ordinariate of Bosnia and Herzegovina
1110:
205:) traditionally appended to authenticate it.
1090:Cherubini Laertius: Magnum Bullarium Romanum
481:
405:, but on very solemn occasions was made of
1117:
1103:
730:
728:
726:
767:
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1345:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
978:
924:Jr, Mark U. Edwards (19 November 2004).
917:
872:
744:
564:
475:was the name of the issuing pope in the
372:
212:
155:
138:
1389:Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church
1384:Successor of the Prince of the Apostles
878:
851:
802:Mann, Stephanie A. (1 September 2016).
723:
479:Latin form, with the letters "PP", for
14:
2035:
952:"Hear ye, one and all: The papal bull"
845:
535:Since the late 18th century, the lead
1098:
855:The Impact of the Reformation: Essays
351:Ego N. Catholicae Ecclesiae Episcopus
1076:New York: Scribner, 1899. p. 67
801:
365:, and thus the monogram is omitted.
243:was named the "register of bulls" ("
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
1409:Sovereign of the Vatican City State
27:Type of decree by the Catholic pope
24:
1330:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
1307:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
1062:
923:
852:Oberman, Heiko Augustinus (1994).
315:Chancery in the name of the pope.
25:
2064:
905:HIC OSCULA PEDIBUS PAPAE FIGUNTUR
547:, still receive the leaden seal.
510:In 1535, the Florentine engraver
2013:
2001:
749:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
734:
41:
1012:
998:
972:
958:
944:
195:. It is named after the leaden
52:needs additional citations for
1414:Servant of the servants of God
908:
899:
858:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
828:
795:
329:Servant of the Servants of God
13:
1:
1027:
885:. Fortress Press. p. 4.
879:Edwards, Mark U. Jr. (2004).
401:), which was usually made of
325:Episcopus Servus Servorum Dei
301:Episcopus Servus Servorum Dei
168:in 2011 which instituted the
1437:Coat of arms of the Holy See
1340:Basilica of Saint Mary Major
429:, identified by the letters
179:is a type of public decree,
7:
1939:Pontifical colleges in Rome
639:
499:of the document. The term "
363:Cardinal Secretary of State
223:Bull against the errors of
160:The apostolic constitution
147:, 1637, sealed with a lead
10:
2069:
2020:Catholic Church portal
1254:properties of the Holy See
1124:
745:Thurston, Herbert (1908).
681:Heirloom Seal of the Realm
597:
593:
503:" derives from the Latin "
208:
164:issued as a papal bull by
29:
1996:
1895:
1813:
1739:
1713:
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1523:
1470:
1422:
1353:
1320:
1270:
1149:
1132:
940:– via Google Books.
868:– via Google Books.
841:. Macmillan. p. 293.
318:
1080:Papal Encyclicals Online
985:"Bulls and Briefs"
716:
2008:Vatican City portal
1048:Encyclopædia Britannica
804:"What Is a Papal Bull?"
780:Encyclopædia Britannica
686:Great Seal of the Realm
615:apostolic constitutions
368:
1853:for Vatican City State
1483:Apostolic constitution
706:Rota (papal signature)
590:
545:Second Vatican Council
482:
392:
335:, i.e., the first few
235:
172:
153:
1976:Sexually active popes
1927:Pontifical university
1671:Ring of the Fisherman
1510:Ecclesiastical letter
1505:Apostolic exhortation
1394:Patriarch of the West
1379:Vicar of Jesus Christ
991:Catholic Encyclopedia
752:Catholic Encyclopedia
634:Ring of the Fisherman
568:
376:
234:, issued in June 1520
216:
159:
142:
1971:Popes by nationality
1887:Sistine Chapel Choir
1821:College of Cardinals
1452:Regalia and insignia
1335:St. Peter's Basilica
1074:Lutheran Cyclopedia.
656:Canonical coronation
554:to the more durable
250:By the accession of
61:improve this article
1034:Chambers, Ephraim.
651:Bull of the Crusade
600:List of papal bulls
391:, pope 1227 to 1241
385:obverse and reverse
30:For the horse, see
1922:Pontifical academy
1917:Orders of chivalry
1008:. 26 January 2024.
930:. Fortress Press.
816:on 12 January 2020
809:Our Sunday Visitor
747:"Bulls and Briefs"
591:
581:, commissioned by
393:
245:registrum bullarum
241:Apostolic Chancery
236:
173:
154:
32:Papal Bull (horse)
2028:
2027:
1795:Prelate of Honour
1362:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:
980:Thurston, Herbert
937:978-1-4514-1398-4
783:. 10 January 2020
512:Benvenuto Cellini
166:Pope Benedict XVI
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
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2053:Seals (insignia)
2048:Christian genres
2018:
2017:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1843:Apostolic Camera
1800:Prince assistant
1726:Sedia gestatoria
1399:Primate of Italy
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1289:Papal apartments
1284:Apostolic Palace
1251:extraterritorial
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575:Papstspottbilder
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228:, also known as
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2002:
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1961:Canonised popes
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1882:Cappella Giulia
1809:
1773:Papal majordomo
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1709:
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1322:Major basilicas
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1063:Further reading
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954:. 30 June 2023.
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571:Papstspotbilder
541:Pope John XXIII
483:Pastor Pastorum
421:, the apostles
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193:Catholic Church
145:Pope Urban VIII
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1944:Major Seminary
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994:. Vol. 3.
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543:convoking the
419:Church of Rome
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311:issued by the
309:letters patent
231:Exsurge Domine
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143:Papal bull of
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50:This article
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1731:Shepherd One
1591:Inauguration
1556:Urbi et Orbi
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1369:His Holiness
1278:Vatican City
1271:Headquarters
1211:Vatican City
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1151:Jurisdiction
1073:
1051:. Retrieved
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1044:"Papal bull"
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814:the original
807:
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775:"Papal bull"
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757:. Retrieved
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701:Proclamation
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623:convocations
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76:"Papal bull"
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
2043:Papal bulls
1951:Swiss Guard
1870:Dicasteries
1848:Commissions
1838:Roman Curia
1758:Swiss Guard
1531:Arbitration
1360:Papal names
1249:along with
696:Papal brief
676:Golden bull
646:Abbreviator
630:papal brief
423:Saint Peter
411:Golden Bull
359:Roman Curia
269:Saint Peter
252:Pope Leo IX
18:Papal bulla
2037:Categories
1805:Theologian
1749:Camerlengo
1721:Popemobile
1581:Consistory
1576:Coronation
1549:Pontifical
1536:Deposition
1524:Activities
1500:Encyclical
1462:Umbraculum
1135:Episcopate
1028:References
666:Encyclical
477:nominative
427:Saint Paul
413:). On the
389:Gregory IX
273:Saint Paul
219:Pope Leo X
177:papal bull
117:March 2014
87:newspapers
1826:cardinals
1780:Gentlemen
1768:Palatinus
1754:Commander
1741:Household
1705:Zucchetto
1646:Flabellum
1618:Vestments
1601:High Mass
1586:Diplomacy
1515:Interdict
820:23 August
556:parchment
293:privilege
282:parchment
1981:Antipope
1956:Papabile
1860:Councils
1785:Preacher
1763:Chaplain
1681:Slippers
1661:Mozzetta
1564:Conclave
1543:Blessing
1311:cathedra
1229:Enclaved
1160:Holy See
982:(1908).
640:See also
469:globetti
465:globetti
454:SPA •SPE
355:monogram
1966:Legends
1932:in Rome
1896:Related
1790:Prefect
1756:of the
1666:Pallium
1626:Camauro
1424:Symbols
1220:outline
1197:History
1192:Primacy
1185:of the
1178:Francis
1137:of the
759:23 July
743::
594:Content
552:papyrus
505:bullire
473:reverse
451:(thus,
445:anctus
434:anctus
415:obverse
333:incipit
313:Vatican
278:Papyrus
209:History
191:of the
185:charter
101:scholar
1877:Synods
1651:Mantle
1641:Ferula
1608:Travel
1355:Titles
1244:, 1929
1183:bishop
1139:bishop
1126:Papacy
1053:7 July
1038:, 1728
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787:7 July
621:, and
560:bullae
522:bullae
497:vellum
460:SPASPE
319:Format
289:decree
103:
96:
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1909:Black
1814:Staff
1693:Tiara
1676:Shoes
1656:Mitre
1636:Fanon
1631:Falda
1442:Cross
1301:Italy
1237:Italy
1216:index
717:Notes
711:Ukase
671:Fatwa
661:Edict
577:, by
537:bulla
517:scudi
501:bulla
398:bulla
387:) of
380:bulla
377:Lead
344:datum
337:Latin
202:bulla
183:, or
150:bulla
108:JSTOR
94:books
1831:list
1698:List
1596:Mass
1569:List
1493:List
1488:Bull
1457:Rota
1233:Rome
1175:Pope
1143:Rome
1070:Bull
1055:2012
932:ISBN
887:ISBN
860:ISBN
822:2017
789:2012
761:2014
493:silk
489:hemp
449:trus
440:and
438:ulus
425:and
407:gold
403:lead
369:Seal
271:and
261:Rome
247:").
197:seal
189:pope
80:news
1231:in
1181:as
1141:of
1072:."
573:or
524:of
457:or
291:or
257:era
221:'s
63:by
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447:PE
436:PA
284:.
175:A
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