24:
49:
2386:
681:
949:, a large fortune at the time. The disadvantage of these uncertainties might not be confined to the purchaser because he was free to condition the purchased office on the life of another designated person, named the "intestatary". The purchaser was also permitted to substitute a different intestatary if this substitution was expressed 40 days before the death of the immediately preceding intestatary.
1567:. These rules were usually divided into 3 classes: rules of direction or expedition that regarded the expedition of papal bulls; beneficial or reservatory rules that regarded benefices and reservations; and judicial rules that regarded specific prescriptions for judicial matters, especially appeals. The rules of the
922:
were of minor importance and therefore did not require special competence were sold with a grant of the right of succession to the heirs of the purchaser. Offices that entailed grave obligations and for which only pious and learned men were eligible were sold without this right and therefore reverted
1332:
that had the fixed grade of "titular" (a church over which a cardinal of the order of priests was placed) or "deaconry" (a church over which was placed a cardinal-deacon). The
Basilica, on the contrary, became a titular for a Chancellor of the order of priests and a deaconry for one of the order of
1523:
of 8 December 1910 approved the new formulae and ordered them to be used exclusively after 1 January 1911. The
College of the Abbreviators of the greater presidency having been suppressed and the abbreviators of the lesser presidency having become extinct in fact, the apostolic prothonotaries in
1193:") if he were. The rationale for the titular customs of the Dataria was that the office of Datary was not in essence cardinalatial but rather of minor dignity; wherefore it was improper to entitle a cardinal with "Datary". The same custom still obtains in the case of an
898:
was often compelled to defend the Church by waging war, equipping martial expeditions, or at least financially assisting the princes who waged such wars at his exhortation, but the Papal treasury was often insufficient to defray even the expenses of the
1539:. This mediaeval mode of dating remained peculiar to papal bulls, and over time caused much confusion. Pius X ordered that in the future these documents had to be dated according to the secular calendar year that begins on 1 January.
377:
1583:
were restored to validity on the day after the election of the succeeding pope. The commission of cardinals responsible for the reformation of the formulae of papal bulls was responsible also for revising the rules of the
838:
required that he have in his service officials to write and transmit his answers to the numerous petitions for favours and consultations addressed to him. Throughout its duration the office was reformed numerous times.
931:, therefore, was formed, its uncertainties being the amount of the income of the office and the length of the life of the purchaser. The prices of the offices, especially of the more desirable ones, were considerable:
1320:
assigned this palace as the perpetual residence of the Vice
Chancellor, he provided that the Vice Chancellor should always have the title of the Basilica; as the Chancellors were not always of the same order in the
1213:
be titled "Chancellor", which was proper because the office had been occupied for centuries by cardinals. For the rest, the office in question was always regarded as one of the most dignified and important of the
1559:. In many cases the pope merely confirmed the provisions of his predecessor, but in others added or suppressed provisions. The result was an ancient collection of rules in force, and this mode of governing the
147:
2304:
1379:
in 1378, Prignano was elected pope, and he appointed a successor to himself in the office of regent, which was thereafter maintained, even when the vice chancellor re-established his residence in Rome.
1169:
provided many ingenious reasons why that dignitary did not have the more obvious title of "Chancellor". The
Italian jurist Giovanni Battista Cardinal De Luca regarded these explanations as senseless (
1810:
1816:
597:
1424:
offices (see above) had a right to receive taxes. Thus papal bulls concerning the government of the Roman
Catholic Church, being exempt from all taxation, were said to be issued by way of the
1788:
1109:, as it had been since 5 July 1532. However, the chancellor retained little of his former authority. He acted as notary of the cardinalatial consistories and directed the office of the
1502:
as merely an issuing office. "Sapienti
Consilio" further provided that the ancient formulae of papal bulls be modified, and a commission of cardinals consisting of the chancellor, the
2473:
1105:. Thus Pius X restored the title of "Chancellor of Holy Roman Church" from the previous "Vice Chancellor" (see section below). The cardinalatial title of the chancellor remained the
120:
602:
1907:
1895:
560:
406:
301:
1173:) and proposed an explanation of his own, without insisting on its correctness: it was probable that the title of "Vice Chancellor" arose in the same way as the title of "
1448:, and relatives of cardinals, and were signed by the vice chancellor, also exempt from taxation; finally, the bulls of which the expedition was said to be by way of the
1926:
1913:
667:
2609:
1746:
2299:
1834:
612:
2160:
1889:
1871:
1740:
1630:
550:
2457:
1865:
1636:
382:
2445:
1962:
1764:
269:
1877:
1852:
1822:
1840:
1828:
1724:
186:
93:
1932:
1804:
1440:, the latter of whom received the established taxes; the bulls said to be issued secretly were those in favour of some privileged persons, e. g. the
2477:
2148:
1260:
162:
2614:
1938:
1663:
960:
were of greater importance, including that of Regent and those of the 25 solicitors, 12 notaries, and auditors of the Causes of the Holy Palace.
174:
1575:. In ancient times, these rules lost their force on the death of the pope, and revived only upon the express confirmation of his successor, but
1375:, the pope, leaving the title of vice chancellor to Montéruc, appointed the archbishop of Ban, Bartolommeo Prignano, as regent. At the death of
2604:
607:
517:
2484:, p. 262 make no reference to him and indicate that Bartolomeo Francesco de la Capra became Director of the Chancery no later than 2 May 1394.
1081:) consisting only of the cardinal chancellor, regent, apostolic prothonotaries, a notary, a secretary and archivist, a protocolist, and four
709:
2541:
570:
411:
344:
512:
2396:
468:
2075:
1718:
592:
152:
1420:); because while some bulls were taxed, others were not, and it was necessary to determine upon what bulls the proprietors of the
2525:
157:
135:
88:
555:
2569:
1776:
1325:, being either cardinal-deacons, cardinal-priests, or cardinal-bishops, this basilica could not follow the rule of the other
169:
911:, but of the receipts of the offices, e. g., the taxes paid for the favours that were granted through the pertinent office.
497:
110:
98:
1605:
617:
306:
181:
766:
of France obviated the need for Papal armies. In the early 20th century the office collected money for missionary work.
1498:
for all matters of its competency and by order of the pope for all others, in keeping with the new organization of the
1223:
565:
324:
125:
115:
2342:
2172:
1106:
751:
702:
575:
522:
296:
65:
2035:
662:
580:
2452:(1382–1385). The latter was named Vice Chancellor after the death of Pierre Monteruc in 1385. In the obedience of
775:
430:
191:
58:
964:
assigned the liberal proceeds of these sales as part of the remuneration of the cardinal vice chancellor of the
2236:
1507:
1495:
622:
103:
2087:
2069:
1532:
1555:
that the popes customarily promulgated at the beginning of their pontificates regarding judicial causes and
2449:
2322:
1968:
1433:
835:
695:
535:
211:
83:
2142:
2136:
2112:
1758:
585:
264:
196:
1218:, as is evident from Moroni's account of the funeral of Cardinal Alexander Farnese, Vice Chancellor and
2480:
was named Vice
Chancellor in February 1394 and occupied the post until his death on 8 August 1394, but
2215:
2124:
2100:
1527:
The mode of dating papal bulls was also changed. Formerly they were dated according to the year of the
507:
449:
329:
2221:
2000:
1363:
to his see. Cardinal Pierre de
Monteruc, the chancellor at that time, refused to follow the pope from
1022:
the privilege that, by a legal fiction, time of their tenures was regarded as not having transpired ("
811:
would date them. Subsequently, both roles tended to be filled by the same person. The use of the term
334:
502:
142:
2178:
2041:
1552:
259:
206:
2063:
1480:
1326:
1147:
1063:
903:. Accordingly, the popes resorted to the expedient of selling several lucrative offices of the
843:
656:
419:
231:
2476:, Papal Notary, acted in the capacity of Vice Chancellor. S. Miranda indicates that Cardinal
2401:
2389: One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
2130:
1752:
1312:
1102:
1101:
and chapters, and other more important ecclesiastical affairs that required various forms of
855:
645:
478:
339:
130:
2540:
excommunicated him in
November 1526 and reinstated him a few months later. During this time
2588:
2227:
819:(1143–1144). From Honorius III (1216–1227) onwards the head of the chancery was called the
32:
8:
2515:
Berardo Eroli (1453–1457) and Juan de Mella (1455–1457) acted as
Regents of the Chancery.
2006:
1981:
1536:
1465:
988:
977:
457:
236:
2493:
Gerard Faidit (1426–31) and Blasius Molino (1431–1436) acted as Regents of the Chancery.
2554:
1681:
1677:
1293:
685:
2579:
2338:
2261:
2118:
2081:
2023:
2019:
1950:
1944:
1782:
1734:
1730:
1705:
1701:
1461:
928:
816:
545:
483:
463:
2573:
2537:
2503:
2330:
2287:
2242:
2209:
2196:
2166:
2154:
2051:
2047:
1901:
1846:
1798:
1794:
1770:
1693:
1669:
1624:
1620:
1503:
1449:
1441:
1413:
1329:
1317:
1289:
1245:
1194:
1182:
1174:
1154:
1051:
1034:, by which deceased intestataries were regarded to be alive, some offices remained
973:
969:
936:
850:
627:
1333:
deacons; when the Chancellor was a suburbicarian bishop, he retained the Basilica
1272:". The removal of the residence and office of the Vice Chancellor to the majestic
830:
was of ancient origin in its essence, but it derived its name from that of civil "
2582:
Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica da S. Pietro sino ai nostri giorni
2308:
2190:
2184:
1576:
1376:
1352:
1285:
981:
932:
2461:
2424:
2057:
2029:
1987:
1956:
1646:
1642:
1612:, which is a cardinalatial office with competence regarding the vacancy of the
1322:
1280:
1274:
1250:
1235:
727:
527:
2334:
2598:
2441:
2390:
2248:
2106:
1883:
1657:
1613:
1472:
1436:
of the greater presidency, were signed by them and by the proprietors of the
1039:
1007:
980:
restored the revenue to the vice chancellor, who at that time was his nephew
961:
953:
915:
871:
863:
759:
754:. The principal function of the office was to collect money to maintain the
201:
1479:
in 1901, the aforementioned modes of expedition ceased. A little later, the
831:
2416:
1519:
1335:
1126:
1118:
900:
767:
473:
2444:. "Roman" Chancery was directed by the Regents of the Apostolic Chancery:
878:", i. e. venal offices (a practice also of secular courts, e. g. those of
23:
1564:
1528:
1487:
1425:
1393:
1215:
1198:
1089:
were suppressed and its faculties were reduced only to the expedition of
1070:
924:
904:
739:
40:
2528:
was acting Vice Chancellor 1500–3 during the absence of Cardinal Sforza.
2502:
Jean almost certainly was Vice Chancellor by 1433, when he attended the
1712:
1347:
The office of regent, the next office in the order of precedence of the
48:
1445:
1389:
1297:
1241:
1219:
1162:
1090:
1082:
1047:
999:
763:
755:
241:
1240:
The most splendid occupant of the office of Chancellor was the future
1572:
1452:
were those that concerned it. Because the style and the rules of the
883:
735:
650:
491:
1205:". This theory of De Luca is not certain, but is at least probable.
907:
to the highest bidder; however, these sales were not of the offices
438:
Verification and Application of Mitis Iudex in the Churches of Italy
2203:
1556:
1514:
1371:; as it was necessary that someone should direct the office of the
1094:
680:
2453:
2437:
2423:
in 1312. During his absence, Cardinal Jacques d'Euse, the future
2420:
1364:
1356:
1098:
1591:
1579:
declared that without an express confirmation the rules of the
1360:
1268:, the latter palace being, on this account, long known as the "
1202:
1201:: he retains his office for a time, but with the title of "Pro
879:
1490:
of 29 June 1908 provided that all bulls be issued through the
1050:
to redeem them, when necessary substituting the office of the
1018:
and prudently decreased its offices. But as he granted to the
148:
Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life
1456:
could not be adapted to these bulls, they were issued by the
945:
561:
Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church
302:
Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff
2557:
was acting Vice Chancellor 1679–1683, but without the title.
987:
The authority of the vice chancellor increased when in 1690
734:; also known as the "Papal" or "Roman Chanc(ell)ery") was a
1596:
Note: some chancellors before 1144 used the ancient title "
1513:
This commission having reformed the bulls for Consistorial
1368:
1351:
after that of the chancellor, was instituted in 1377, when
1011:
895:
796:
743:
2570:
The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Apostolic Chancery
1432:
were the common bulls, which, after being reviewed by the
758:
and to produce documents and correspondence for the pope.
1181:"), the custom having been to title the principal of the
668:
Archive of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
1284:
was due to the confiscation of the property of Cardinal
1604:". This office should not be confused with that of the
853:
of 5 July 1532 provided the cardinalatial title of the
774:
on 27 February 1973, transferring its functions to the
2589:
Handbuch der Urkundenlehre für Deutschland und Italien
1713:
Vice Chancellors of the Holy Roman Church (1187–1908)
1296:, and Castellesi, in a conspiracy against the life of
1258:", where he remained. His former residence was in the
886:). The reclassification of many of the offices of the
551:
Secretariate of Briefs to Princes and of Latin Letters
390:
Revision of the General Regulations of the Roman Curia
2278:
2276:
894:
was motivated by the need of the pope for money. The
799:'s books as well as redacting documents. The role of
1571:
had the force of law unless exception was made by a
1189:") if he were not a cardinal, and the "Prodatary" ("
270:
Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See
2311:§114, §116; www.vatican.va; accessed 3 August 2015.
1383:
2405:. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2273:
1428:; those of which the expedition was by way of the
795:first appears in 781, and was responsible for the
94:Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors
1229:
2596:
2204:Chancellors of the Holy Roman Church (1908–1973)
1524:actual office were appointed to sign the bulls.
866:had instituted a large number of offices in the
834:", including that of the Imperial Chancery. The
163:Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews
2610:12th-century establishments in the Papal States
1244:, who received as residence from his successor
1038:nominally, but not factually. Finally, in 1901
972:rescinded them and assigned the revenue to the
746:. The principal and presiding official was the
355:Supervisory and Financial Information Authority
175:Commission for Religious Relations with Muslims
121:Divine Worship and Discipline of the Sacraments
1563:continued even after Pope Pius X reformed the
1510:was charged with the preparation of new ones.
1157:of 5 July 1532, the presiding cardinal of the
1129:of 27 February 1973 completely suppressed the
598:Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People
518:Congregation for Indulgences and Sacred Relics
703:
1592:Chancellors of Holy Roman Church (1088–1187)
1310:edifice, in fact forming part of it, is the
571:Pontifical Council for Social Communications
345:Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
1085:. The majority of the minor offices of the
807:produced documents for the pope, while the
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2076:Alessandro (Damasceni) Peretti de Montalto
750:who was always the cardinal-priest of the
710:
696:
603:Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers
2542:Francesco Armellini Pantalassi de' Medici
748:Grand Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church
2440:in 1378 but was not formally deposed by
2526:Juan de Borja Lanzol de Romani el mayor
2351:
1136:
136:Pontifical Commission for Latin America
2615:1973 disestablishments in Vatican City
2597:
2394:
1141:
991:added to his office that of Compiler (
803:first appears under Silvester II. The
556:Special Administration of the Holy See
2605:Former departments of the Roman Curia
2587:Harry Bresslau, Hans-Walter Klewitz,
1531:, which year begins on 25 March, the
1209:prescribed that the principal of the
939:, bought the office of regent of the
874:placed many of them in the class of "
2320:
1535:, which liturgically celebrates the
498:Congregation of Bishops and Regulars
407:International Eucharistic Congresses
187:Promoting Integral Human Development
99:International Theological Commission
1690:Gerardo, Pro Chancellor (1166–1168)
1687:Ermanno, Pro Chancellor (1159–1166)
1342:
1006:, which resulted in few remaining.
307:Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church
277:Commission for Confidential Matters
13:
2327:A Companion to the Medieval Papacy
1542:
1468:with that of the vice chancellor.
1224:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano
1024:quod tempus et tempera non currant
927:on the death of the purchaser. An
566:Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei
325:Labour Office of the Apostolic See
14:
2626:
2399:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
2173:Luigi Amat di San Filippo e Sorso
1388:There were four modes of issuing
1313:Basilica di San Lorenzo in Damaso
1107:Basilica di San Lorenzo in Damaso
882:, even under the absolutist King
856:Basilica di San Lorenzo in Damaso
762:reformed the office when Emperor
752:Basilica di San Lorenzo in Damaso
576:Pontifical Council for the Family
523:Congregation of the Vatican Press
297:Prefecture of the Papal Household
66:Section for Relations with States
2474:Bartolomeo Francesco de la Capra
2456:the successors of Monteruc were
2384:
2036:Galeotto Franciotti della Rovere
1652:Baronio, Pro Chancellor (1144–5)
1384:Modes of issuance of papal bulls
679:
663:Advocates of Roman congregations
613:Promoting the New Evangelization
581:Pontifical Council for the Laity
513:Sacred Congregation of the Index
47:
22:
16:Former office of the Roman Curia
2547:
2531:
2518:
2509:
2436:He adhered to the obedience of
1464:instituted and later united by
1002:of France redeemed many of the
431:Institute for Works of Religion
2496:
2487:
2482:Bresslau, Klewitz, Handbuch...
2467:
2430:
2409:
2314:
2293:
2237:Celso Benigno Luigi Costantini
1508:Congregation of the Consistory
1496:Congregation of the Consistory
1288:for his share, with Cardinals
1230:Residence and titular basilica
1030:having had obtained grants of
786:
104:Pontifical Biblical Commission
1:
2267:
2131:Henry Benedict Stuart of York
2030:Ascanio Maria Sforza Visconti
1917:
1856:
1533:Solemnity of the Annunciation
1264:, from which he moved to the
274:Office of the Auditor General
2450:Francesco Moricotti Prignani
2020:Rodrigo Lanzol-Borja y Borja
1969:Francesco Moricotti Prignano
1696:, Pro Chancellor (1168–1178)
1672:, Pro Chancellor (1149–1153)
1073:of 29 June 1908 reduced the
1057:
1026:"), and many proprietors of
836:primacy of the Roman pontiff
536:Sacred Congregation of Rites
369:Interdicasterial commissions
212:Press Office of the Holy See
7:
2544:was acting Vice Chancellor.
2395:Ojetti, Benedetto (1912). "
2321:Weiß, Stefan (2016-01-01).
2255:
2143:Giulio Maria della Somaglia
2137:Francesco Carafa di Traetto
2113:Girolamo Colonna di Sciarra
1908:Pietro Valeriano Duraguerra
1896:Pietro Valeriano Duraguerra
1759:Giovanni dei Conti di Segni
1551:were instituted in various
1506:, and the secretary of the
1165:". Scholars writing of the
528:Sacred Congregation of the
265:Secretariat for the Economy
10:
2631:
2563:
2427:, acted as his substitute.
2301:Regimini Ecclesiæ Universæ
2233:Girolamo Ricci (1942—1953)
2216:Ottavio Cagiano de Azevedo
1233:
998:The government of Emperor
781:
508:Congregation of Ceremonies
401:Commissions and committees
387:Candidates to Sacred Order
330:Vatican Apostolic Archives
2335:10.1163/9789004315280_012
914:Some of the offices that
608:Evangelization of Peoples
335:Vatican Apostolic Library
280:Committee for Investments
158:Promoting Christian Unity
1927:Pierre Arnaud de Puyanne
1761:, Chancellor (1205–1213)
1171:simplicitates et fabulae
1077:to a forwarding office (
1046:offices and ordered his
503:Congregation for Borders
378:Church in Eastern Europe
2290:, Ignatius Press, 2001.
2286:of 1917, translated by
2222:Andreas Franz Frühwirth
2179:Antonio Saverio De Luca
2042:Sisto Gara della Rovere
2001:Jean de la Rochetaillée
1914:Papinianus della Rovere
1553:Apostolic constitutions
1266:Palazzo Sforza Cesarini
1197:who is elevated to the
1054:for their proprietors.
968:(see below), but later
260:Council for the Economy
254:Institutions of finance
226:Institutions of justice
170:Interreligious Dialogue
2307:July 23, 2015, at the
1747:Biagio di Porto Torres
1481:apostolic constitution
1349:Cancellaria Apostolica
1256:Cancellaria Apostolica
1148:Apostolic constitution
1131:Cancellaria Apostolica
1111:Cancellaria Apostolica
1075:Cancellaria Apostolica
1064:Apostolic constitution
1010:, after his return to
844:Apostolic constitution
828:Cancellaria Apostolica
742:at the service of the
732:Cancellaria Apostolica
731:
686:Catholicism portal
657:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
474:Reform by John Paul II
232:Apostolic Penitentiary
153:Laity, Family and Life
2402:Catholic Encyclopedia
1835:Guglielmo di Catadego
1753:Giovanni da Ferentino
1412:), and by way of the
1254:, long known as the "
1234:Further information:
1079:Ufficio di Spedizione
772:Apostolic Chancellary
646:Pontifical commission
383:Consecrated Religious
340:Fabric of Saint Peter
182:Culture and Education
89:Doctrine of the Faith
2228:Tommaso Pio Boggiani
2161:Carlo Maria Pedicini
1890:Giovanni Castrocoeli
1872:Lanfranco di Bergamo
1741:Rainaldo di Acerenza
1643:Gerardo Caccianemici
1631:Crisogono Malcondini
1621:Giovanni de' Caetani
1610:of Holy Roman Church
1137:Office of chancellor
776:Secretariat of State
349:Pontifical academies
207:L'Osservatore Romano
59:Secretariat of State
2458:Jacques de Mantenay
2323:"The Curia: Camera"
2088:Francesco Barberini
2064:Ippolito de' Medici
2007:Francesco Condulmer
1910:(again) (1300–1301)
1866:Giovanni Leccacorno
1637:Aymeric de Borgogne
1537:Conception of Jesus
1475:suppressed all the
1466:Pope Alexander VIII
1270:Cancellaria Vecchia
1142:Title of the office
1042:suppressed all the
989:Pope Alexander VIII
978:Pope Alexander VIII
952:Other offices that
859:to the chancellor.
458:Immensa Aeterni Dei
412:Historical Sciences
374:Particular Churches
237:Apostolic Signatura
2555:Cesare Facchinetti
2446:Renoul de Monteruc
2070:Alessandro Farnese
1963:Pierre de Monteruc
1765:Rainaldo Magallona
1682:Pope Alexander III
1678:Rolando Bandinelli
1494:, by order of the
1444:, auditors of the
1303:Contiguous to the
1183:Dataria Apostolica
1097:, erection of new
724:Apostolic Chancery
618:Catholic Education
541:Apostolic Chancery
427:Financial Security
111:Service of Charity
2284:Code of Canon Law
2262:Papal diplomatics
2119:Alberico Archinto
2082:Ludovico Ludovisi
2048:Giulio de' Medici
2024:Pope Alexander VI
1951:Pierre Le Tessier
1945:Gauscelin de Jean
1878:Pietro Peregrossi
1853:Michele di Tolosa
1823:Giacomo Boncampio
1795:Sinibaldo Fieschi
1783:William of Modena
1735:Pope Honorius III
1706:Pope Gregory VIII
1547:The rules of the
1484:Sapienti Consilio
1462:Pope Alexander VI
1442:palatine prelates
1410:per viam secretam
1400:), by way of the
1103:apostolic letters
1093:for Consistorial
1067:Sapienti Consilio
995:) in perpetuity.
943:for 30,000 Roman
929:aleatory contract
720:
719:
593:Justice and Peace
546:Apostolic Dataria
484:Roman Inquisition
479:Reform by Francis
469:Reform by Paul VI
435:Healthcare Sector
192:Legislative Texts
2622:
2580:Gaetano Moroni:
2558:
2551:
2545:
2538:Pope Clement VII
2535:
2529:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2507:
2504:Council of Basel
2500:
2494:
2491:
2485:
2471:
2465:
2460:(1385–1391) and
2448:(1378–1382) and
2434:
2428:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2349:
2348:
2318:
2312:
2297:
2291:
2288:Edward N. Peters
2280:
2243:Santiago Copello
2210:Antonio Agliardi
2197:Antonio Agliardi
2167:Tommaso Bernetti
2155:Carlo Odescalchi
2094:Vacant 1679–1689
2052:Pope Clement VII
2013:Vacant 1453–1457
1982:Angelo Acciaioli
1975:Vacant 1394–1405
1922:
1919:
1902:Riccardo Petroni
1861:
1858:
1847:Giordano Pironti
1841:Rainaldo Maestro
1829:Marinus de Eboli
1799:Pope Innocent IV
1771:Tommaso da Capua
1731:Cencio Camerario
1725:Egidio Pierleoni
1702:Alberto di Morra
1694:Graziano da Pisa
1670:Boso Breakspeare
1625:Pope Gelasius II
1504:apostolic datary
1450:Apostolic Camera
1418:per viam Camerae
1414:Apostolic Camera
1406:per Cancellarium
1392:: by way of the
1343:Office of regent
1330:titular churches
1318:Pope Clement VII
1246:Pope Clement VII
1195:apostolic nuncio
1155:Pope Clement VII
1052:Apostolic Datary
974:Apostolic Camera
970:Pope Innocent XI
937:Pope Clement XII
851:Pope Clement VII
821:vicecancellarius
712:
705:
698:
684:
683:
628:Apostolic Camera
464:Reform by Pius X
126:Causes of Saints
116:Eastern Churches
51:
26:
19:
18:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2595:
2594:
2572:(archived from
2566:
2561:
2552:
2548:
2536:
2532:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2472:
2468:
2435:
2431:
2415:He was sent as
2414:
2410:
2385:
2383:
2352:
2345:
2319:
2315:
2309:Wayback Machine
2298:
2294:
2281:
2274:
2270:
2258:
2206:
2191:Lucido Parocchi
2185:Teodolfo Mertel
2125:Carlo Rezzonico
2101:Pietro Ottoboni
1933:Petrus de Podio
1920:
1859:
1805:Martino of Sens
1715:
1598:Bibliothecarius
1594:
1577:Pope Urban VIII
1545:
1543:Governing Rules
1460:, whose office
1398:per viam Curiae
1386:
1377:Pope Gregory XI
1353:Pope Gregory XI
1345:
1286:Raffaele Riario
1238:
1232:
1207:Etsi ad Singula
1185:the "Datary" ("
1163:Vice Chancellor
1151:Etsi ad Singula
1144:
1139:
1060:
1014:, reformed the
982:Pietro Ottoboni
933:Lorenzo Corsini
847:Etsi ad Singula
789:
784:
716:
678:
673:
672:
641:
633:
632:
489:
452:
442:
441:
402:
394:
393:
370:
362:
361:
358:Domus Vaticanae
320:
312:
311:
292:
284:
283:
255:
247:
246:
227:
219:
218:
79:
71:
70:
61:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2628:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2593:
2592:
2585:
2577:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2546:
2530:
2517:
2508:
2495:
2486:
2478:Marino Bulcani
2466:
2462:Jean de Brogny
2429:
2425:Pope John XXII
2408:
2350:
2343:
2313:
2292:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2149:Tommaso Arezzo
2146:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2058:Pompeo Colonna
2055:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1994:Vacant 1426–36
1988:Jean de Brogny
1985:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1966:
1960:
1957:Pierre Despres
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1826:
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1792:
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1774:
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1738:
1728:
1722:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1684:) (1153–1159)
1675:
1674:
1673:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1649:) (1141–1144)
1647:Pope Lucius II
1640:
1634:
1628:
1600:" instead of "
1593:
1590:
1544:
1541:
1517:, Pius X by a
1385:
1382:
1355:returned from
1344:
1341:
1323:Sacred College
1281:Campo di Fiori
1275:Palazzo Riario
1261:Palazzo Borgia
1251:Palazzo Riario
1236:Titular church
1231:
1228:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1059:
1056:
956:classified as
918:classified as
813:bibliotecarius
809:bibliotecarius
793:bibliotecarius
788:
785:
783:
780:
770:abolished the
718:
717:
715:
714:
707:
700:
692:
689:
688:
675:
674:
671:
670:
665:
660:
653:
648:
642:
640:Related topics
639:
638:
635:
634:
631:
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620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
583:
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568:
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510:
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487:
486:
481:
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461:
453:
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447:
444:
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440:
439:
436:
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428:
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422:
417:
414:
409:
403:
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388:
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375:
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318:
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228:
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220:
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209:
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194:
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184:
179:
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167:
166:
165:
155:
150:
145:
140:
139:
138:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
107:
106:
101:
96:
86:
84:Evangelization
80:
77:
76:
73:
72:
69:
68:
62:
57:
56:
53:
52:
44:
43:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2627:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2590:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2556:
2550:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2527:
2521:
2512:
2505:
2499:
2490:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2442:Pope Urban VI
2439:
2433:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2391:public domain
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2346:
2344:9789004315280
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2296:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2272:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2250:
2249:Luigi Traglia
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2107:Tommaso Ruffo
2105:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2054:) (1517–1523)
2053:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2026:) (1457–1492)
2025:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1939:Arnaud Nouvel
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1884:Jean Le Moine
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1737:) (1194–1198)
1736:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1708:) (1178–1187)
1707:
1703:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:Guido da Vico
1662:
1659:
1658:Robert Pullen
1656:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1627:) (1088–1118)
1626:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:Apostolic See
1611:
1609:
1603:
1599:
1589:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1473:Pope Leo XIII
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1408:), secretly (
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1327:cardinalitial
1324:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1146:Prior to the
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1116:Finally, the
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1040:Pope Leo XIII
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1008:Pope Pius VII
1005:
1001:
996:
994:
990:
985:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
962:Pope Sixtus V
959:
955:
954:Pope Sixtus V
950:
948:
947:
942:
938:
935:, afterwards
934:
930:
926:
921:
917:
916:Pope Sixtus V
912:
910:
906:
902:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
872:Pope Sixtus V
869:
865:
864:Pope Martin V
860:
858:
857:
852:
848:
845:
840:
837:
833:
829:
824:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
779:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
760:Pope Pius VII
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
713:
708:
706:
701:
699:
694:
693:
691:
690:
687:
682:
677:
676:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
658:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
643:
637:
636:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
588:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
531:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
495:
494:
493:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
459:
455:
454:
451:
446:
445:
437:
434:
432:
429:
426:
423:
421:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
404:
398:
397:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
373:
372:
366:
365:
357:
354:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
322:
316:
315:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
294:
288:
287:
279:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
257:
251:
250:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
229:
223:
222:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
202:Vatican Press
200:
199:
198:
197:Communication
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
176:
173:
172:
171:
168:
164:
161:
160:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
137:
134:
133:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
91:
90:
87:
85:
82:
81:
75:
74:
67:
64:
63:
60:
55:
54:
50:
46:
45:
42:
39:
38:
34:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
2581:
2574:the original
2549:
2533:
2520:
2511:
2498:
2489:
2481:
2469:
2464:(1391–1408).
2432:
2417:Papal legate
2411:
2400:
2326:
2316:
2300:
2295:
2283:
2093:
2090:(1632–1679)
2012:
2009:(1437–1453)
2003:(1436–1437)
1993:
1990:(1409–1426)
1974:
1971:(1385–1394)
1666:(1146–1149)
1607:
1602:Cancellarius
1601:
1597:
1595:
1585:
1580:
1568:
1560:
1548:
1546:
1526:
1520:motu proprio
1518:
1512:
1499:
1491:
1483:
1476:
1470:
1457:
1453:
1437:
1434:abbreviators
1429:
1421:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1387:
1372:
1348:
1346:
1336:in commendam
1334:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1279:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1239:
1210:
1206:
1190:
1186:
1178:
1170:
1166:
1161:was titled "
1158:
1150:
1145:
1130:
1127:Pope Paul VI
1122:
1119:motu proprio
1117:
1115:
1110:
1086:
1078:
1074:
1066:
1061:
1043:
1035:
1032:sopravivevza
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1003:
997:
992:
986:
965:
957:
951:
944:
940:
919:
913:
908:
901:Papal States
891:
887:
875:
867:
861:
854:
846:
841:
827:
825:
820:
817:Celestine II
815:ended under
812:
808:
805:cancellarius
804:
801:cancellarius
800:
792:
791:The role of
790:
771:
768:Pope Paul VI
747:
723:
721:
655:
586:
540:
529:
488:
456:
424:Disciplinary
420:Swiss Guards
2397:Roman Curia
2329:: 220–238.
2282:Canon 260,
2251:(1968–1973)
2245:(1959–1967)
2239:(1954–1958)
2230:(1933–1942)
2224:(1927–1933)
2218:(1915–1927)
2212:(1908–1915)
2199:(1903–1908)
2193:(1899–1903)
2187:(1884–1899)
2181:(1878–1883)
2175:(1852–1878)
2169:(1844–1852)
2163:(1834–1843)
2157:(1833–1834)
2151:(1830–1833)
2145:(1818–1830)
2139:(1807–1818)
2133:(1763–1807)
2127:(1758–1763)
2121:(1756–1758)
2115:(1753–1756)
2109:(1740–1753)
2103:(1689–1740)
2084:(1623–1632)
2078:(1589–1623)
2072:(1535–1589)
2066:(1532–1535)
2060:(1524–1532)
2044:(1507–1517)
2038:(1505–1507)
2032:(1492–1505)
1984:(1405–1408)
1965:(1361–1385)
1959:(1325–1361)
1953:(1319–1325)
1947:(1316–1319)
1941:(1307–1316)
1935:(1306–1307)
1929:(1305–1306)
1921: 1305
1904:(1296–1300)
1898:(1295–1296)
1892:(1294–1295)
1886:(1288–1294)
1880:(1276–1288)
1874:(1273–1276)
1868:(1272–1273)
1860: 1271
1849:(1257–1262)
1843:(1256–1257)
1837:(1252–1256)
1831:(1244–1252)
1825:(1239–1244)
1819:(1235–1238)
1813:(1232–1235)
1785:(1219–1222)
1773:(1215–1216)
1767:(1213–1214)
1755:(1203–1205)
1749:(1200–1203)
1743:(1198–1200)
1727:(1191–1194)
1721:(1187–1191)
1639:(1123–1141)
1633:(1118–1122)
1586:Cancellaria
1581:Cancellaria
1569:Cancellaria
1565:Roman Curia
1561:Cancellaria
1549:Cancellaria
1529:Incarnation
1500:Cancellaria
1492:Cancellaria
1488:Pope Pius X
1454:Cancellaria
1430:Cancellaria
1426:Roman Curia
1402:Cancellaria
1394:Roman Curia
1390:papal bulls
1373:Cancellaria
1305:Cancellaria
1216:Roman Curia
1211:Cancellaria
1199:cardinalate
1191:Prodatarius
1179:Prodatarius
1167:Cancellaria
1159:Cancellaria
1091:Papal bulls
1087:Cancellaria
1071:Pope Pius X
1016:Cancellaria
966:Cancellaria
941:Cancellaria
925:Roman Curia
905:Roman Curia
888:Cancellaria
868:Cancellaria
787:Before 1908
740:Roman Curia
492:dicasteries
78:Dicasteries
41:Roman Curia
2599:Categories
2268:References
1811:Bartolomeo
1801:) (1226–7)
1608:Camerlengo
1446:Sacra Rota
1298:Pope Leo X
1292:, Sacchi,
1242:Pope Leo X
1220:Archpriest
1123:Quo Aptius
1083:amanuenses
1048:pro-datary
1000:Napoleon I
832:chanceries
764:Napoleon I
756:Papal army
319:Institutes
242:Roman Rota
2553:Cardinal
2524:Cardinal
1817:Guglielmo
1807:(1227–32)
1779:(1216–19)
1606:Cardinal
1573:concordat
1557:benefices
1515:benefices
1175:Prodatary
1095:benefices
1058:1908–1973
884:Louis XIV
736:dicastery
651:Dicastery
416:Advocates
2576:, ~2015)
2305:Archived
2256:See also
1916:(1301 –
1855:(1262 –
1791:(1222-6)
1777:Rainiero
1660:(1145–6)
1477:vacabili
1458:Sommista
1438:vacabili
1422:vacabili
1294:Soderini
1290:Petrucci
1187:Datarius
1099:dioceses
1044:vacabili
1036:vacabili
1028:vacabili
1020:vacabili
1004:vacabili
993:Sommista
958:vacabili
920:vacabili
892:vacabili
876:vacabili
587:Cor Unum
530:Consulta
33:a series
31:Part of
2564:Sources
2454:Avignon
2438:Avignon
2421:England
2393::
1365:Avignon
1357:Avignon
1316:. When
1278:in the
1222:of the
923:to the
782:History
738:of the
623:Culture
490:Former
450:History
291:Offices
131:Bishops
2591:, 1969
2341:
1719:Moyses
1471:After
1361:France
1203:Nuncio
909:per se
880:France
862:After
352:AVEPRO
143:Clergy
35:on the
1789:Guido
946:scudi
728:Latin
2339:ISBN
1369:Rome
1248:the
1177:" ("
1062:The
1012:Rome
896:pope
842:The
826:The
797:pope
744:pope
722:The
2419:to
2331:doi
1486:of
1367:to
1308:qua
1153:of
1125:of
1069:of
890:as
849:of
2601::
2353:^
2337:.
2325:.
2275:^
1918:c.
1857:c.
1616:.
1588:.
1359:,
1339:.
1300:.
1226:.
1133:.
1113:.
984:.
976:.
870:,
823:.
778:.
730::
2506:.
2347:.
2333::
2050:(
2022:(
1923:)
1862:)
1797:(
1733:(
1704:(
1680:(
1645:(
1623:(
1416:(
1404:(
1396:(
726:(
711:e
704:t
697:v
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