655:
704:
884:
904:
771:
675:
570:
609:
155:
113:
854:
751:
826:. Based on its overall morphology, it was considered to belong to the Serikodiastida, although the presence of silk-producing spigots was not demonstrated. Like uraraneids, it lacked spinnerets, but it also lacked a flagellum, thus resembling spiders. A cladogram based on morphology placed
953:
Regier, Jerome C.; Shultz, Jeffrey W.; Zwick, Andreas; Hussey, April; Ball, Bernard; Wetzer, Regina; Martin, Joel W. & Cunningham, Clifford W. (2010). "Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences".
531:
published in 2014 divides the
Tetrapulmonata into two clades, the Schizotarsata and the Serikodiastida. The Schizotarsata have walking legs II–IV with the tarsus having a specific pattern of three subsegments (tarsomeres). The Serikodiastida
511:, a complex coxotrochanteral joint in the walking legs, a pretarsal depressor muscle arising in the patella (convergent with Dromopoda, lost in Amblypygi), a pedicel formed, in part, by ventral elements of the second opisthomal segment and a
1244:
140:
1639:
1241:
134:
1801:
1058:
Garwood, Russell J.; Dunlop, Jason A.; Selden, Paul A.; Spencer, Alan R.T.; Atwood, Robert C.; Vo, Nghia T. & Drakopoulos, Michael (2016).
421:
300:
507:
of
Tetrapulmonata include a large postcerebral pharynx (reduced in Uropygi), prosomal endosternite with four segmental components,
1287:
536:
for "silk workers") share the ability to produce and use silk. The sister clade to
Tetrapulmonata is the extinct order
17:
428:
occupying the second and third opisthosomal segments, although the posterior pair is absent in
Schizomida and most
1111:, a new trigonotarbid arachnid from the late Devonian of North America (Chelicerata, Arachnida, Trigonotarbida)".
1221:
Jeffrey W. Shultz. 2007. "A phylogenetic analysis of the arachnid orders based on morphological characters".
936:
The Late
Carboniferous appears to be a time when there was a greater diversity of tetrapulmonate arachnids.
1786:
1198:
154:
1796:
1791:
703:
540:; together they form a clade that has been called "Pantetrapulmonata", to which the Carboniferous genus
1781:
412:, was also included in the Tetrapulmonata; as of March 2016 it has not been assigned to an order.
654:
1280:
817:
480:
388:
1758:
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392:
1753:
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449:
8:
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1136:
1128:
1084:
1059:
1030:
1003:
979:
883:
813:
433:
149:
122:
1199:"A remarkable spiny arachnid from the Pennsylvanian Mazon Creek Lagerstätte, Illinois"
1599:
1252:
1179:
1140:
1089:
1035:
971:
232:
903:
770:
674:
1682:
1169:
1120:
1079:
1071:
1025:
1015:
983:
963:
476:
441:
1004:"Three-dimensional reconstruction and the phylogeny of extinct chelicerate orders"
569:
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542:
445:
357:
330:
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1576:
1411:
1346:
608:
565:
537:
354:
1124:
1775:
533:
465:
429:
70:
1060:"Almost a spider: a 305-million-year-old fossil arachnid and spider origins"
1617:
1183:
1093:
1075:
1039:
975:
878:
822:
512:
504:
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368:
318:
1740:
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1568:
1321:
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112:
45:
967:
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1132:
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90:
55:
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1536:
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186:
166:
95:
1702:
1260:
1725:
1461:
1392:
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1265:
461:
395:
387:(spiders). It is the only supra-ordinal group of arachnids that is
364:
324:
219:
206:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
1503:
899:
766:
647:
464:. The clade is referred to as Pantetrapulmonata when the extinct
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288:
128:
100:
75:
1448:
1309:
384:
335:
176:
1549:
853:
750:
472:
360:
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1057:
952:
1257:
Museu
Nacional / UFRJ / Departamento de Invertebrados
1053:
1051:
1049:
1156:"Evolutionary morphology and phylogeny of Arachnida"
398:. Two extinct orders are also placed in this clade,
1046:
503:In addition to the two pairs of book lungs, other
475:as recently as 2000, in the first paragraph of an
1773:
1002:Garwood, Russell J. & Dunlop, Jason (2014).
406:. In 2016, a newly described fossil arachnid,
1281:
1001:
1196:
997:
995:
993:
471:The name "Pulmonata" has been used for this
436:of this lineage are rejected; "Caulogastra
1288:
1274:
1190:
111:
1223:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
1173:
1083:
1029:
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990:
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1100:
14:
1802:Extant Pennsylvanian first appearances
1774:
1153:
1707:
1706:
1666:
1334:
1269:
1147:
1106:
1295:
1197:Selden, Paul; Dunlop, Jason (2024).
812:In 2016, a fossil arachnid from the
291: – whip scorpions, vinegaroons
24:
1175:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1990.tb00523.x
1064:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
498:
285: – short-tailed whipscorpions
25:
1813:
1235:
820:) age was described in the genus
1647:are possibly paraphyletic groups
902:
882:
852:
830:between uraraneids and spiders:
769:
749:
702:
673:
653:
607:
568:
153:
43:
383:(tail-less whip scorpions) and
379:(short-tailed whip scorpions),
13:
1:
1242:Shultz on arachnid morphology
939:
1638:Classification is based on
522:
424:from the presence of paired
415:
7:
1667:
1498:(shorttailed whipscorpions)
1154:Shultz, Jeffrey W. (1990).
1107:Shear, William A. (2000). "
633: or Uropygi
546:was also referred in 2024.
10:
1818:
1335:
1253:Index of /mndi/Aracnologia
1216:
460:" is easily confused with
1715:
1673:
1662:
1634:
1590:
1567:
1548:
1532:
1523:
1485:
1476:(tailless whip scorpions)
1469:
1460:
1444:
1435:
1404:
1377:
1366:
1345:
1341:
1330:
1304:
1125:10.1017/s0022336000031218
1109:Gigantocharinus szatmaryi
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839:
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150:Scientific classification
148:
120:Clockwise from top left:
119:
110:
34:
468:arachnids are included.
367:. It is composed of the
141:Mastigoproctus scabrosus
1206:Journal of Paleontology
1113:Journal of Paleontology
481:Journal of Paleontology
1076:10.1098/rspb.2016.0125
393:molecular phylogenetic
1754:Paleobiology Database
1357:(microwhip scorpions)
1261:Museu Nacional / UFRJ
509:subchelate chelicerae
1539:(hooded tickspiders)
458:Van der Hammen, 1977
448:for the lineage and
279: – whip spiders
1787:Paleozoic arachnids
968:10.1038/nature08742
962:(7284): 1079–1083.
515:axoneme with a 9+3
483:, but this creates
1797:Cenozoic arachnids
1792:Mesozoic arachnids
1412:Pseudoscorpionida
1247:2016-04-10 at the
1228:(?):221-265. (See
1070:(1827): 20160125.
814:Late Carboniferous
629:Thelyphonida
553:Pantetrapulmonata
456:, and "Arachnidea
432:spiders. Previous
389:strongly supported
375:(whip scorpions),
123:Araneus diadematus
27:Clade of arachnids
1782:Arachnid taxonomy
1769:
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1709:Taxon identifiers
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1600:Opilioacariformes
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1414:(pseudoscorpions)
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1021:10.7717/peerj.641
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233:Pantetrapulmonata
135:Hubbardia briggsi
41:Devonian–Holocene
18:Pantetrapulmonata
16:(Redirected from
1809:
1762:
1761:
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1683:Phalangiotarbida
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446:symplesiomorphic
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420:It receives its
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38:Temporal range:
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1422:(camel spiders)
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543:Douglassarachne
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338: – spiders
331:Chimerarachnida
306:Serikodiastida
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1688:Trigonotarbida
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1592:Parasitiformes
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1582:Trombidiformes
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1577:Sarcoptiformes
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137:
136:
131:
130:
125:
124:
118:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
1716:
1618:Mesostigmata
1487:
1436:
1405:Haplocnemata
1387:(harvestmen)
1378:Stomothecata
1229:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1205:
1192:
1165:
1159:
1149:
1119:(1): 25–31.
1116:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1067:
1063:
1011:
1007:
959:
955:
948:
935:
898:
879:Idmonarachne
877:
875:
847:
828:Idmonarachne
827:
823:Idmonarachne
821:
811:
765:
744:
698:
669:
650:
646:
634:
630:
602:
582:
563:
541:
526:
513:spermatozoon
502:
470:
440:" refers to
438:Pocock, 1893
419:
409:Idmonarachne
407:
350:
349:
319:Idmonarachne
317:
299:
250:Shultz, 1990
245:
239:
226:
213:
139:
133:
132:(Amblypygi)
127:
121:
29:
1741:iNaturalist
1605:Holothyrida
1569:Acariformes
1525:Acaromorpha
1496:Schizomida
1395:(scorpions)
1393:Scorpiones
1355:Palpigradi
1322:Chelicerata
1320:Subphylum:
1168:(1): 1–38.
517:microtubule
444:, which is
430:araneomorph
197:Chelicerata
193:Subphylum:
1776:Categories
1537:Ricinulei
1474:Amblypygi
1420:Solifugae
1385:Opiliones
1316:Arthropoda
1161:Cladistics
940:References
850:Uraraneida
747:Uraraneida
671:Schizomida
621:Pedipalpi
493:gastropods
450:convergent
426:book lungs
404:Uraraneida
377:Schizomida
355:non-ranked
311:Uraraneida
301:Xenarachne
283:Schizomida
273:Pedipalpi
187:Arthropoda
144:(Uropygi)
126:(Araneae)
1678:Haptopoda
1462:Pedipalpi
1451:(spiders)
1369:Dromopoda
1297:Arachnida
1141:130348461
700:Amblypygi
605:Haptopoda
529:cladogram
523:Phylogeny
489:Pulmonata
485:ambiguity
462:Arachnida
454:Solifugae
416:Etymology
400:Haptopoda
381:Amblypygi
365:arachnids
313:(extinct)
277:Amblypygi
270:(extinct)
268:Haptopoda
207:Arachnida
173:Kingdom:
167:Eukaryota
1732:Q3821682
1726:Wikidata
1610:Ixodida
1504:Uropygi
1449:Araneae
1314:Phylum:
1310:Animalia
1308:Kingdom
1245:Archived
1232:below).
1184:34933471
1094:27030415
1040:25405073
1014:: e641.
976:20147900
487:because
434:synonyms
325:Araneida
183:Phylum:
177:Animalia
163:Domain:
1668:Extinct
1612:(ticks)
1217:Sources
1133:1306881
1085:4822468
1031:4232842
984:4427443
900:Araneae
767:Araneae
648:Uropygi
477:article
442:pedicel
396:studies
385:Araneae
373:Uropygi
371:orders
336:Araneae
289:Uropygi
256:Orders
203:Class:
129:Phrynus
1746:414769
1336:Extant
1299:orders
1208:: 1–7.
1182:
1139:
1131:
1092:
1082:
1038:
1028:
982:
974:
956:Nature
369:extant
1759:57504
1551:Acari
1202:(PDF)
1137:S2CID
1129:JSTOR
1008:PeerJ
980:S2CID
534:Greek
473:group
452:with
361:clade
353:is a
240:Clade
227:Clade
214:Clade
1488:s.l.
1259:At:
1255:At:
1251:At:
1180:PMID
1090:PMID
1036:PMID
972:PMID
651:s.s.
635:s.l.
631:s.l.
422:name
402:and
46:PreꞒ
1226:150
1170:doi
1121:doi
1080:PMC
1072:doi
1068:283
1026:PMC
1016:doi
964:doi
960:463
479:in
391:in
363:of
1778::
1756::
1743::
1728::
1204:.
1178:.
1164:.
1158:.
1135:.
1127:.
1117:74
1115:.
1088:.
1078:.
1066:.
1062:.
1048:^
1034:.
1024:.
1010:.
1006:.
992:^
978:.
970:.
958:.
527:A
495:.
242::
229::
216::
96:Pg
1289:e
1282:t
1275:v
1186:.
1172::
1166:6
1143:.
1123::
1096:.
1074::
1042:.
1018::
1012:2
986:.
966::
876:†
848:†
816:(
745:†
603:†
564:†
532:(
329:†
316:†
309:†
298:†
266:†
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:Ꞓ
20:)
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