794:. By the early 1980s, unemployment had risen to 2.5 million, British industrial output had declined by 1/6, and large-scale riots had begun to break out in Britain. The Conservative Government decided to abandon the Monetarist project and lowered interest rates in an attempt to create jobs. In fact, by the mid-1980s Mrs Thatcher claimed in a television interview that she had "never subscribed" to the theories of Milton Friedman.
40:
1363:. The episode gives an insight into the history of nuclear power. In the 1950s, scientists and politicians thought they could create a different world with a limitless source of nuclear energy. But things started to go wrong. Scientists in America and the Soviet Union were duped into building dozens of potentially dangerous nuclear power plants. For business reasons, General Electric and
475:. By 1978, the country was in full economic crisis. Production had degenerated to a "pointless, elaborate ritual" and endeavours to improve the plan had been abandoned. The narrator says, "What had begun as a grand moral attempt to build a rational society ended by creating a bizarre, bewildering existence for millions of Soviet people."
1378:—an accident where the reactor core could melt through the bottom of the reactor containment vessel. A study showed this could potentially happen, and if it did, it could damage the reactor. These concerns were largely kept from the public. The episode goes into some detail over attempts to find solutions to the meltdown issue.
1425:
It ends with the points that the forms of the reactors were chosen only for business reasons. There are very broad range of scientific and engineering options which were not explored. Therefore, perhaps nuclear power should be led by public decisions and redeveloped, but from a more morality-centred
332:
Adam Curtis explained the background to the series: "I grew up in the late
Fifties and Sixties. To me, the scientist was a heroic figure in a white coat, who stood proudly in a gleaming laboratory. Everyone was captivated by the idea that science could be used to build a better world ... since then,
1062:
was a marginal science. But
Yannacone used ecology as a scientific basis to challenge the DDT defenders' idea of evolution. Similar to how the science of entomology had been changed in the 1950s, ecology was transformed by the social and political pressures of the early 1970s. Ecologists became the
797:
The episode ends with many of the economists involved in the ill-fated attempts to manage the economy arriving at the same conclusion their predecessors had 30 years before: they could only prevent an economic disaster, not engineer growth. Other economists point out that other countries' successes
597:
to examine issues of
America's national security in the nuclear age. They believed the world could be controlled by the scientific manipulation of fear. One problem, however, was the seemingly unpredictable and irrational nature of politicians, societies, and individuals, which rendered elements of
1098:
theorises that social ideals are being read back to us as if they were lessons derived from science itself. The scientific notions of the 1950s, the ideas of endless possibilities for exploitations of nature, are now seen as ill-conceived. And the ideas of ecology today may in 30 or 40 years seem
467:
to control people as a remedy for the problems of planning. In the 1960s, computers began to be used to process economic data. Consumer demand was calculated by computers from data gathered by surveys. But the time delay in the system meant that items were no longer in demand by the time they had
446:
was told the quota of arrests to be made and the prisons to be used. The demand for coffins, novels and movies was all planned." The seemingly rational benchmarks began to have unexpected results. When the plan measured tonnes carried per kilometer, trains went on long journeys simply to meet the
1405:
in 1971, repeatedly failed; often the water was forced out of the core under pressure. It was discovered that the theoretical calculations had no correspondence with reality. Nevertheless, they had not necessarily proved that they wouldn't work on a real reactor, so they decided to carry on with
458:
took over after Stalin, he tried to make improvements, including considering prices in the plan. The head of the USSR State
Committee for Organization and Methodology of Price Creation is shown with a tall stack of price logbooks declaring, "This shows quite clearly that the system is rational."
347:
I wanted to make a sort of funny film about economics. I was just starting out in TV and was almost in tears when editing because I could find nothing to illustrate it and I thought I was going to be sacked. Out of that desperation I started raiding the BBC archive, I remember I even had talking
1400:
However, in
America it was being discovered that safety systems that had to work to avoid meltdown could not be guaranteed to work reliably in the complex circumstances in a nuclear reactor. Tests run on the emergency core-cooling systems to deal with pipe breaks, performed on the Atomic Energy
741:
This part, originally broadcast on 22 June 1992, focuses on how both the
Conservative and Labour governments of the 1960s attempted to use economists to engineer economic growth to specific targets, as well as programme post-war economic management in the United Kingdom, and attempts to prevent
976:
Insects were a huge problem in the United States, and they often ruined entire crops. Emerging in the 1940s, DDT and other insecticides seemed to offer the solution. As more insecticides were invented, the science of entomology changed focus from insect classification, to primarily testing new
1072:
nature is seen as being at war, but also likened to a web of complex relations. Here, Darwin gave people a basis for urging humans not to take control of nature but to cooperate with it. In popular imagination, a scientific theory has a single fixed meaning, but in reality it becomes cultural
1076:
Twenty years later, the story of DDT continues with a press conference announcing the halting of construction in a skyscraper due to a nesting peregrine falcon being found there. Ornithologist David Berger criticises the event for helping to foster the myth of the sensitivity of nature.
1102:
The episode ends with a quote from Darwin about seeking divine providence in nature. "I feel most deeply that the whole subject is too profound for the human intellect. A dog might as well speculate on the mind of Newton. Let each man hope and believe what he can."
1421:
in 1986, which changed public views on the safety of this new technology. It revealed that the industry had been hiding the problems and unpredictable nature of these types of reactors, and that they had imposed risks on the public, without consultation.
1409:
Engineers and scientists and regulators that tried to publicise the potential issues found that their concerns were not published, and these issues remained largely unknown to the public, and nuclear power had a high degree of confidence with the public.
623:
is not mentioned, and the psychological and economical aspects of game theory are not included. As of April 2024, this is the only episode of the series unavailable for public viewing on Adam Curtis' YouTube channel in the United States.
598:
the theory difficult to apply, as well as the challenge of finding accurate, impartial, and unmodified data on which to base concise predictions. In the end, their visions were obscured and became the stuff of science fiction fantasy.
802:, worries that the whole Monetarist project might simply have been an attempt to reduce the economic and political power of the working class by raising unemployment and lowering wages, or as he puts it, "creating a
1243:
favourable conditions (including the smelting of aluminium imported from outside Ghana) and the dam was opened to great fanfare in
January 1966. Weeks later, in February 1966, while Nkrumah was on a state visit to
407:. Engineering schools gave those loyal to the party only limited training in engineering, to minimise their potential political influence. Industrialised America was used as a template to develop the Soviet Union.
798:
had more to do with focusing on improving their education systems and industrial bases rather than large-scale attempts to engineer the entire nation's economy. Another economist and adviser to
Margaret Thatcher,
977:
insecticides and exterminating insects rather than cataloguing them. But as early as 1946–48, entomologists began to notice that insecticides were having a negative impact on other animals, particularly birds.
781:
had been awarded the Nobel Prize in
Economics and even some Labour politicians were claiming that government attempts to grow the economy by injecting capital was doing more harm than good by driving up
1389:
designed cheap reactors that were produced at high speed, with very few safety features, sometimes not even containment vessels. This was publicly criticized by experts, but the experts were sidelined.
2016:
786:. In 1979, Margaret Thatcher came to power and began to implement these new economic theories to drive down inflation by cutting government spending and raising interest rates, thus tightening the
1850:
1208:
on independence from the United
Kingdom in 1957) from 1952 to 1966, set Africa ablaze with his vision of a new industrial and scientific age. At the heart of his dream was to be the huge
1009:, which was the first serious attack on pesticides and outlined their harmful side effects. It caused a public outcry, but had no immediate effect on the use of pesticides. Entomologist
1842:
1055:
describes how, in 1969, a scientist testified at the hearing about how DDT appears in breast milk and accumulates in the fat tissue of babies. This got massive media attention.
529:
Dr Alexander Nikolaevich Voronov, Director, All Union Scientific Research Institute for the Study of the Population's Demand for Consumer Goods and the Conjuncture of the Market
1367:
decided that the types sold would be versions based on the reactors used in nuclear submarines, but sold with dubious claims made about their cost effectiveness and safety.
2021:
434:
grew in influence, due to Stalin eliminating many earlier Bolshevik engineers. They aimed to use engineering in line with Stalin's policies to plan the entire country. At
1957:
1013:
retells how he made speeches that were critical of Carson's book. He eats some DDT on camera to show how he demonstrated its apparent safety during these talks.
720:
1256:
backed), and evidence of massive corruption and debt was revealed. As of 1992, for many Ghanaians the promised benefits of the project were still unrealised.
2006:
2026:
1147:
1010:
2001:
1996:
1016:
The spraying of DDT in the growing suburbs on America brought the side effects to the attention of the wealthy and articulate middle classes.
1689:
Note: she is named as "Joan Fairfax" in the documentary, subtitled with "The Ojai Foundation", but her real name appears to be Joan Halifax.
2011:
1473:
980:
Chemical companies portrayed the human battle against insects as a struggle for existence, and their promotional films in the 1950s invoke
1965:
544:
This episode, originally broadcast on 18 June 1992, outlines how the United States government and its departments attempted to use
316:
1374:
it was found that while small reactors were safe, the bigger core sizes as used in power plants were potentially susceptible to
2031:
1548:
1371:
381:
1817:
942:, which was first seen as a saviour to humankind in the 1940s, only to be claimed as a part of the destruction of the entire
438:, the head institution of central planning, engineers predicted future rational needs. Vitalii Semyonovich Lelchuk, from the
2036:
511:
Aleksei Sergeevich Vassiliev, Deputy Managing Director in Charge of Quality, Moscow Toothbrush and Plastic Comb Factory
348:
squirrels in it at one point. Stylistically, a lot was born out of that necessity to get things done to a deadline."
253:
17:
1973:
615:
has the focus entirely on the nuclear and military aspects of Cold War strategy, such as planning for and against
517:
Sergei Mikhailovich Ulanov, Head of Organization and Methodology of Price Creation, USSR State Committee on Prices
1406:
mandated safety systems, that the best evidence suggested, may well not function in the event of an accident.
1039:. It became headline news, with both sides claiming that everything America stood for was at stake. Biologist
1458:
907:
882:
844:, Economic Adviser to the Department of Economic Affairs 1965–67; Chief Economic Adviser on Monetary Policy,
415:. A former worker describes how they went so far as to create metal trees since trees could not grow on the
1949:
1756:
1386:
1364:
1335:
654:, RAND Corporation 1953–1962; Assistant to Secretary of Department of Health, Education and Welfare 1965–68
607:
343:
was the first work by Adam Curtis to showcase his subsequently distinctive visual style. He explained: "in
935:
This part, originally broadcast on 2 July 1992, focuses on attitudes to nature and tells the story of the
1909:
1394:
769:
and other British politicians that they had foolproof technical means to make Britain 'great' again. The
439:
211:
1667:
471:
When Leonid Brezhnev and Alexei Kosygin took over in the mid-1960s, the economy of the Soviet Union was
1414:
1021:
835:
815:
560:, and, more specifically, to manage the "loss of control" crises encountered during events such as the
365:
246:
1024:
with the aim to legally challenge the use of pesticides. They argued that the chemicals were becoming
988:
notes how the battlefield and life and death aspects of Darwin's theories were emphasised to suit the
1810:
645:
1790:
1083:
talks about ecology as a gift to human beings and all species, a moral lesson that gave rise not to
1141:
1068:
985:
520:
A. S. Fedorenko, Director, Central Economic-Mathematical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences
1941:
1933:
1767:
1169:
664:
310:
1505:
902:
828:, Economic Director, N.E.D.C. 1962–64; Director-General, Department of Economic Affairs 1964–68
803:
685:
404:
1717:
1699:
1629:
1611:
1593:
1573:
1044:
770:
620:
1803:
1329:
1232:
1066:
James Moore describes how people try to get Darwin on the side of their view of nature. In
969:
963:
565:
790:. However, this failed to end inflation straight away, and caused widespread job loss and
8:
1858:
1323:
1310:
791:
761:
theories used by policy makers. Meanwhile, a group of economists had managed to convince
758:
508:
Valerii Nikolaevich Blinov, managing director, Moscow Toothbrush and Plastic Comb Factory
472:
304:
1239:, American backing for the project materialised. A scheme was finally drawn up offering
1874:
1866:
1418:
1036:
657:
586:
372:
with rational scientific methods. The Bolsheviks wanted to turn the Soviet people into
1917:
1785:
1454:
1439:
1113:
825:
762:
553:
455:
431:
1791:
Blog by Adam Curis about A IS FOR ATOM in the light of the Japanese nuclear accident
1652:
1464:
1375:
1354:
1306:
1277:
1163:
1029:
1025:
1017:
841:
691:
679:
669:
594:
590:
545:
268:
1925:
1672:
1274:
Sqn Ldr Clen Sowu, Assistant Exhibition Officer 1956; Rawlings Government 1982–85
1240:
1236:
1227:
At first, it was hoped the U.K. would help to finance the project, but after the
1040:
890:, member of Conservative cabinet 1970–74; Secretary of State for Industry 1979–81
876:
869:
845:
778:
716:
704:
633:
616:
569:
523:
460:
423:
128:
1353:
This final episode, originally broadcast on 16 July 1992, is named after a 1953
1893:
1795:
1435:
1286:
1221:
1182:
1095:
981:
917:
893:
651:
577:
427:
392:
377:
280:
1058:
Where once chemicals were seen as good, now they were bad. In the late 1960s,
1990:
1647:
1359:
1245:
1201:
1005:
1000:
831:
743:
697:
412:
400:
296:
288:
1648:"Goodbye, Mrs. Ant by University of Georgia, Agricultural Extension Service"
713:, former Director of Defense Research and Engineering, Department of Defense
1735:
1445:
Prof. Yurii I. Koryakin, Head of Research, USSR Institute of Power Research
1209:
1200:
The penultimate episode, originally broadcast on 9 July 1992, looks at how
1188:
1132:
1080:
887:
787:
766:
710:
408:
369:
264:
1827:
1470:
Dr. David Okrent, chairman, Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards 1966
1397:
power plant caused Britain to adopt the American PWR design of reactors.
1268:
1228:
1213:
936:
819:
754:
747:
726:
582:
549:
464:
388:
272:
249:
242:
238:
53:
1779:
913:
Brian Winterflood, executive director, County NatWest Securities 1986–88
384:, including a social engineering machine, to make people more rational.
1578:
1319:
George Ball, Under-Secretary of State in Kennedy administration 1961–66
1299:
1176:
1052:
947:
774:
672:, RAND Corporation 1960–64; Consultant to Department of Defense 1966–70
639:
561:
448:
368:
who came into power in 1917 attempted to industrialise and control the
1154:
993:
943:
862:
852:
799:
783:
403:
arrested 2000 engineers in 1930, eight of whom were convicted in the
396:
362:
260:
75:
39:
1138:
Dr Thomas Jukes, research chemist, American Cyanamid Company 1945–63
361:
This episode, originally broadcast on 11 June 1992, details how the
1382:
1381:
In the Soviet Union, reactors were considered too expensive, until
1088:
989:
924:
557:
276:
71:
2017:
BBC television documentaries about history during the 20th Century
1479:
Robert Pollard, reactor engineer, Atomic Energy Commission 1969–76
1344:
J. G. A. Renner, Minister for Lands and Natural Resources 1982–86
1292:
Ron Sullivan, lawyer for Kaiser Aluminum on Volta Project 1959–79
1231:
of 1956, interest was lost. Later, after meeting U.S. Presidents
1059:
951:
732:
Dr Hugh DeWitt, physicist, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
435:
302:
The documentary makes extensive use of clips from the short film
174:
1851:£830,000,000 – Nick Leeson and the Fall of the House of Barings
1217:
1125:
Shirley Briggs, biologist, US Fish and Wildlife Service 1945–48
1084:
416:
1451:
Sir Kelvin Spencer, Chief Scientist, Ministry of Power 1954–59
694:, RAND Corporation; Consultant to Secretary of Defense 1961–80
1510:
1448:
Vladimir I. Merkin, designer of first Soviet civilian reactor
1402:
1252:, his government was overthrown in a military coup (possibly
1249:
1205:
490:
Nikolai Vassilievich Chernobrovov, electrical engineer, 1920s
292:
1482:
Dr. Victor Gilinsky, Nuclear Regulatory Commissioner 1975–84
1283:
James Moxon, Public Relations Spokesman, Volta River Project
688:, Under-Secretary of State in Kennedy administration 1961–66
593:. These were mathematical analysts employed by the American
1116:, entomologist, National Defense Research Committee 1943–46
1549:"What Does The Future Hold? An Interview With Adam Curtis"
742:
relative economic decline and the perception of the 1960s
451:
increased in size to meet requirements of material usage.
308:, especially in the title sequence. Curtis's later series
1295:
Lloyd Cutler, lawyer for Kaiser Aluminum on Volta Project
1253:
1073:
property, and is usable by different interested parties.
939:
777:
to the forefront of political thought. By the late 1970s
502:
Rosa Dmitrievna Inkina, construction worker, Magnitogorsk
443:
284:
234:
159:
992:
years. Scientists believed they were seizing power from
946:
in the late 1960s. It also outlines how the sciences of
552:
to develop strategies to control the nuclear threat and
954:
were transformed by political and economic pressures.
493:
Alexei Leontevich Shatilin, "Hero of the Soviet Union"
399:
are not directing anything, they are being directed."
858:
Brian Reading, Department of Economic Affairs 1964–66
539:
442:, describes the level of detail as absurd, "Even the
957:
The episode appears to be named after the 1959 film
736:
484:
Vitali Semyonovich Lelchuk, USSR Academy of Sciences
2022:
British documentary television series about science
1341:
Divine Tetteh, school teacher, resettlement village
996:and redirecting it by controlling the environment.
721:
Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy
411:was built to closely replicate the steel mill city
422:By the late 1930s, Stalin-faithful engineers like
333:the image has been severely tainted, and for me,
1988:
1825:
1736:"A is for Atom by Sutherland (John) Productions"
1718:"Pandora's Box - BBC Two England - 16 July 1992"
1612:"Pandora's Box - BBC Two England - 22 June 1992"
1594:"Pandora's Box - BBC Two England - 18 June 1992"
1574:"Pandora's Box - BBC Two England - 11 June 1992"
923:Richard Turton, Partner, Insolvency Department,
532:Dr Vyacheslav Konstantinovich Nefedov, economist
356:
1700:"Pandora's Box - BBC Two England - 9 July 1992"
1630:"Pandora's Box - BBC Two England - 2 July 1992"
1506:"1993 Television Factual Series - BAFTA Awards"
1063:guardians of the human relationship to nature.
773:catapulted the then obscure economic theory of
750:would jeopardise against national self-esteem.
505:Evgenii A. Ivanov, Senior Manager, USSR Gosplan
910:, Chief Policy Advisor to Mrs Thatcher 1979–82
1811:
1326:, Deputy Governor, Ghana Central Bank 1965–68
1204:, the leader of the Gold Coast (which became
1020:, a suburbanite and lawyer, helped found the
729:, science fiction writer and member of CACNSP
245:looking at the consequences of political and
1958:All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace
1485:Yurii Scherbank, Ukrainian journalist and MP
1467:, chairman, Atomic Energy Commission 1961–71
1316:Bill Mahoney, US Ambassador to Ghana 1962–65
930:
2007:1990s British documentary television series
1028:, as evidenced by the disappearance of the
1818:
1804:
1393:In Britain, by 1974, delays to its native
1348:
865:, Economic Adviser to the Treasury 1970–74
535:Dr Natalya Antonovna Cherkasova, economist
499:Michael J. Grisak, Gary steelworker, 1930s
496:Lev Emmanuilovich Razgon, former Bolshevik
38:
2027:British English-language television shows
1179:, ecologist, University of Wisconsin 1968
1131:Dr Eugene Kenega, research entomologist,
1760:- the cult TV series that also featured
1338:, CIA officer in West Africa during coup
1195:
601:Similar material is also covered in the
1525:
1492:
1298:J. Burke Knapp, Senior Vice President,
1265:Al Haji Futa, Ghanaian negotiating team
1212:, generating enough power to transform
898:Gordon Pepper, City stockbroker 1962–90
881:Lord Harris of Highcross, President of
514:Leonid Pavlovich Katovskii, taxi driver
2002:1992 British television series endings
1989:
1547:Brooks, Michael J (12 February 2021).
1546:
1540:
1043:is shown singing a pro-DDT parody on "
1035:In 1968, they got a hearing on DDT in
1997:1992 British television series debuts
1799:
1685:
1683:
1385:came to power. Under his leadership,
1128:Lillard Heddon, crop sprayer 1945–83
901:Roy Adkin, insolvency practitioner,
855:MP, member of Labour cabinet 1964–70
675:Debbie Kahn, daughter of Herman Kahn
2012:1990s British television miniseries
1051:magazine at the time of the trial.
961:. Clips from the 1958 horror movie
25:1992 British TV series or programme
13:
1918:Modern Times: The Way of All Flesh
1680:
540:Part 2. 'To The Brink of Eternity'
283:during the 1970s, the insecticide
14:
2048:
1773:
1429:
1259:
1220:and focal point of post-colonial
1106:
967:and the 1941 grasshopper cartoon
809:
737:Part 3. 'The League of Gentlemen'
627:
295:in the 1950s, and the history of
256:for Best Factual Series in 1993.
1843:Inside Story: The Road to Terror
1488:Joseph Morone, nuclear historian
642:, guided missile engineer, 1950s
575:The focus is on the men on whom
1728:
1710:
1692:
1271:, Minister of Education 1951–57
648:, President of RAND Corporation
478:
230:A Fable From the Age of Science
1660:
1640:
1622:
1604:
1586:
1566:
1498:
1168:Daniel Berger, ornithologist,
1144:, biographer of Charles Darwin
916:Ernie Plumb, Chief Inspector,
636:, inventor of the neutron bomb
391:engineers came into conflict.
387:But Bolshevik politicians and
109:
98:
18:Pandora's box (disambiguation)
1:
2032:Films directed by Adam Curtis
1459:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
1289:, Minister of Finance 1957–61
1026:more poisonous as they spread
883:Institute of Economic Affairs
605:part of Curtis's later work,
357:Part 1. 'The Engineers' Plot'
327:
259:Curtis deals with, in order:
1974:Russia 1985–1999: TraumaZone
1966:Can't Get You Out of My Head
1757:Mystery Science Theater 3000
1401:Commission's test models in
1387:Anatoly Petrovich Alexandrov
663:Amelia Musgrove, bar owner,
7:
2037:Nuclear safety and security
1749:
1413:Then came the disasters of
1395:advanced gas cooled reactor
405:Industrial Party show trial
351:
337:will aim to find out why".
10:
2053:
1534:Aberdeen Press and Journal
1022:Environmental Defense Fund
836:London School of Economics
818:, Economic Adviser to the
15:
1885:
1834:
1370:However, in 1964, at the
1099:similarly ill-conceived.
931:Part 4. 'Goodbye Mrs Ant'
660:, RAND Corporation, 1950s
210:
205:
180:
170:
165:
155:
144:
134:
124:
119:
108:
97:
89:
81:
67:
59:
49:
37:
30:
1764:in one of their episodes
1668:"Letters: Oct. 24, 1969"
1372:Atomic Energy Commission
1357:promotional film called
1153:Lorri Otto, resident of
771:stagflation of the 1970s
757:emerged to confound the
613:To The Brink of Eternity
440:USSR Academy of Sciences
1942:The Power of Nightmares
1934:The Century of the Self
1768:Criticism of capitalism
1349:Part 6. 'A Is for Atom'
1324:Jonathan Frimpong-Ansah
1280:, Opposition MP 1951–57
1216:into an industrialised
1170:University of Wisconsin
320:have similar themes to
311:The Century of the Self
1185:, historian of science
984:. Darwin's biographer
920:Police Force (retired)
872:, Monetarist economist
804:reserve army of labour
700:, US Marine Corps 1968
1196:Part 5. 'Black Power'
1191:, The Ojai Foundation
1122:Wilbert Joyce, farmer
1069:The Origin of Species
1045:America the Beautiful
826:Sir Donald MacDougall
581:was allegedly based:
1742:. 17 September 2023.
1656:. 17 September 2023.
1493:Notes and references
1330:Louis Casely-Hayford
1233:Dwight D. Eisenhower
1119:Harry Renken, farmer
970:Hoppity Goes to Town
964:Earth vs. the Spider
566:Cuban Missile Crisis
463:proposed the use of
68:Theme music composer
16:For other uses, see
1859:It Felt Like a Kiss
1762:Design for Dreaming
1332:, dam engineer 1966
1311:University of Ghana
1309:, Vice Chancellor,
1094:Politics professor
999:In 1962, biologist
707:, US Army (retired)
305:Design for Dreaming
1875:HyperNormalisation
1676:. 24 October 1969.
1476:(interviewed 1974)
1474:Christopher Hinton
1436:Dr. Chauncey Starr
1037:Madison, Wisconsin
1003:released the book
894:Sir Alfred Sherman
792:industrial decline
753:By the mid-1970s,
658:Albert Wohlstetter
587:Albert Wohlstetter
524:Abel G. Aganbegyan
382:social engineering
156:Production company
125:Executive producer
1984:
1983:
1826:Documentaries by
1465:Dr. Glenn Seaborg
1440:Manhattan Project
1415:Three Mile Island
1148:J. Gordon Edwards
959:Goodbye, Mrs. Ant
875:Sam Brittan, the
763:Margaret Thatcher
746:governments that
554:nuclear arms race
456:Nikita Khrushchev
447:quota. Sofas and
432:Nikita Khrushchev
374:scientific beings
291:'s leadership in
279:, economy of the
220:
219:
151:
90:Original language
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908:Sir John Hoskyns
842:Charles Goodhart
692:William Kaufmann
680:Hudson Institute
670:Thomas Schelling
646:James A. Thomson
603:"F**k You Buddy"
595:RAND Corporation
591:John von Neumann
546:systems analysis
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1910:The Living Dead
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1160:Carol Yannacone
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973:are also used.
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877:Financial Times
870:Milton Friedman
846:Bank of England
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779:Milton Friedman
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705:David Hackworth
698:William Ehrhart
634:Samuel T. Cohen
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1556:. Retrieved
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1532:"TVtopics".
1527:
1515:. Retrieved
1509:
1500:
1457:, Director,
1430:Contributors
1424:
1417:in 1979 and
1412:
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1392:
1380:
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1365:Westinghouse
1358:
1352:
1260:Contributors
1226:
1199:
1189:Joan Halifax
1133:Dow Chemical
1107:Contributors
1101:
1093:
1081:Joan Halifax
1079:
1075:
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1041:Thomas Jukes
1034:
1015:
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979:
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958:
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934:
810:Contributors
796:
788:money supply
767:Keith Joseph
752:
740:
719:, chairman,
711:Herbert York
678:Gail Neale,
628:Contributors
612:
606:
602:
600:
576:
574:
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479:Contributors
470:
459:Academician
453:
421:
409:Magnitogorsk
386:
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370:Soviet Union
360:
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265:Soviet Union
258:
247:technocratic
229:
228:
227:, subtitled
223:
222:
221:
212:
194:16 July 1992
145:Running time
44:Title screen
31:
22:
1867:Bitter Lake
1828:Adam Curtis
1558:13 February
1553:The Quietus
1269:Kojo Botsio
1229:Suez Crisis
1214:West Africa
1142:James Moore
986:James Moore
937:insecticide
925:Touche Ross
888:Lord Joseph
755:stagflation
748:devaluation
727:Larry Niven
686:George Ball
665:White Sands
583:Herman Kahn
556:during the
550:game theory
526:, economist
465:cybernetics
449:chandeliers
395:said, "The
275:during the
273:game theory
252:. It won a
250:rationalism
243:Adam Curtis
239:documentary
237:television
140:Daniel Reed
138:Adam Curtis
112:of episodes
63:Adam Curtis
60:Directed by
54:Adam Curtis
1991:Categories
1722:BBC Genome
1704:BBC Genome
1634:BBC Genome
1616:BBC Genome
1598:BBC Genome
1579:BBC Genome
1517:23 October
1300:World Bank
1177:Hugh Iltis
1053:Hugh Iltis
948:entomology
775:Monetarism
640:Simon Ramo
562:Space Race
473:stagnating
397:communists
328:Background
241:series by
198:1992-07-16
188:1992-06-11
120:Production
50:Written by
1419:Chernobyl
1155:Milwaukee
994:evolution
944:ecosystem
863:Alan Budd
853:Tony Benn
800:Alan Budd
784:inflation
759:Keynesian
621:John Nash
389:bourgeois
363:Bolshevik
261:Communism
148:360 mins
135:Producers
101:of series
76:Andy Gill
1950:The Trap
1750:See also
1383:Brezhnev
1089:ecotopia
990:Cold War
851:Rt Hon.
820:Treasury
608:The Trap
558:Cold War
352:Episodes
317:The Trap
277:Cold War
72:Jon King
1461:1955–71
1442:1943–46
1313:1985–92
1302:1956–78
1172:1965–68
1135:1940–82
1060:ecology
952:ecology
848:1980–85
822:1967–69
682:, 1960s
436:Gosplan
263:in the
233:, is a
206:Related
196: (
192: –
186: (
184:11 June
181:Release
175:BBC Two
171:Network
93:English
1977:(2022)
1969:(2021)
1961:(2011)
1953:(2007)
1945:(2004)
1937:(2002)
1929:(1999)
1921:(1997)
1913:(1995)
1905:(1992)
1897:(1988)
1886:Series
1878:(2016)
1870:(2015)
1862:(2009)
1854:(1996)
1846:(1989)
1305:Prof.
1218:utopia
1157:suburb
1112:Prof.
1087:, but
1085:utopia
868:Prof.
861:Prof.
840:Prof.
744:Wilson
723:, 1980
611:, but
568:, and
564:, the
417:steppe
401:Stalin
216:(1995)
1835:Films
1511:BAFTA
1403:Idaho
1250:China
1206:Ghana
703:Col.
454:When
393:Lenin
380:used
293:Ghana
254:BAFTA
1786:IMDb
1673:Time
1560:2021
1519:2015
1322:Dr.
1248:and
1235:and
1049:Time
950:and
589:and
548:and
430:and
314:and
271:and
1784:at
1254:CIA
1175:Dr
940:DDT
806:."
444:KGB
285:DDT
235:BBC
160:BBC
110:No.
99:No.
1993::
1738:.
1720:.
1702:.
1682:^
1670:.
1650:.
1632:.
1614:.
1596:.
1576:.
1551:.
1508:.
1224:.
1091:.
1032:.
834:,
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619:.
585:,
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419:.
376:.
324:.
299:.
287:,
267:,
1819:e
1812:t
1805:v
1562:.
1521:.
200:)
190:)
115:6
104:1
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
