794:'s War on Poverty. OEO created a "symbiotic relationship" with NCAI and the Indian Division, making an anti-BIA. One goal of the OEO was to help Native Americans gain skills and experience that would enable them to move up the bureaucratic ladder, control the OEO programs, become the managers of the OEO programs, decide where the money made by the tribe would go, what programs to make, and get Native land back. Some OEO programs that benefit Native Americans are the Job Corps, Neighborhood Youth Corps, Operation Headstart, VISTA, Legal Services, and the Community Action Programs. The Community Action Programs give tribes "the opportunity to develop and administer their own economic and social programs." The OEO also "channel federal funding directly to tribal governments". Tribal governments submit plans for local projects to the Office of Economic Opportunity. Once tribe members approved the plan, "the OEO contracted with the tribal government to operate the project" and provided the necessary budgeted funds.
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win-loss record of Indian tribes in
Supreme Court cases. The Project is staffed by attorneys from the Native American Rights Fund (NARF) and the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI). It consists of a Working Group of over 200 attorneys and academics from around the nation specializing in Indian law and other areas of law that impact Indian cases, including property law, trust law, and Supreme Court practice. In addition, an advisory board of tribal leaders assists the project by providing the necessary political and tribal perspective to the legal and academic expertise.
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301:, founded in 1922, successfully opposed the proposed Bursum Bill, which legislated rights for squatters on Native grounds along the Rio Grande. The All Indian Pueblo Council declared that Pueblo Indians had lived in a "civilized condition" long before European Americans came over to America. They appealed to public morality by claiming to have pride in their past. The All Pueblo Council needed public support to help preserve lands, customs, and traditions and to turn their interest to the Pueblo tribes so they could gain assistance in court.
617:(Congreso Nacional IndĂgena, CNI) is an organization of communities, nations, towns, neighborhoods, and indigenous tribes of Mexico. In its own words, the CNI is "... a space of unity, reflection and organization of the indigenous peoples of Mexico, promoting the integral reconstitution of the original peoples and the construction of a society in which all cultures, all the colors, all the towns that we are Mexico". Since its foundation, five national congresses have been held, among several activities.
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and individuals nationwide." "NARF is governed by a volunteer board of directors composed of thirteen Native
Americans from different tribes throughout the country with a variety of expertise in Indian matters. A staff of fifteen attorneys handles about fifty major cases at any given time, with most of the cases taking several years to resolve. Cases are accepted on the basis of their breadth and potential importance in setting precedents and establishing important principles of Indian law".
189:, which reversed assimilation and allotment policies. This act granted "legal sanction to tribal landholdings; returned unsold allotted lands to tribes; made provisions for the purchase of new lands; encouraged tribal constitutions, systems of justice, and business corporations; expanded educational opportunities through new facilities and loans ...; advocated the hiring of Indians by the Office of Indian Affairs ...; extended the Indian Trust Status; and granted Indians Religious Freedom."
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737:. To achieve their goals, the NIYC participated in activist actions such as holding "fish-ins" along the rivers in Washington to protest the treaty-given fishing rights being taken away from them due to a nullified Supreme Court decision. These actions were similar to sit-ins held by young African Americans during the civil rights movement to protest equal rights not being granted to them.
755:. The SAI was at the forefront of the fight for Indian citizenship, which was eventually granted in 1924. Their efforts resulted in a number of fish-ins along rivers supporting aboriginal fishing rights, which were nullified by a state supreme court decision, actions modeled on the sit-ins held by black civil rights protestors during the civil rights movement.
252:. It was ignored, and natives who broke state law were arrested. In other cases, American Indian tribes struggled to maintain their sovereignty over tribal land that had been granted to them by treaties with the federal government. Unrelated Native American groups, and Americans in general, began to notice and sympathize with their aims.
864:, the National American Indian Council, the National Council on Indian Work, National Indian Leadership Training, and the American Indian Committee on Alcohol and Drug Abuse. The cross-country caravan eventually converged on Washington D.C. where the organizations demonstrated for six days. Eventually, a group
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Before there were successful national and continental organizations, there were several regional bodies that united multiple nations (tribes or bands) within the context of post-settlement politics. The Grand
General Indian Council of Ontario was organized with missionary assistance in the 1870s and
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The Native
American Rights Fund (NARF) is a non-profit organization that uses existing laws and treaties to ensure that state governments and the national government live up to their legal obligations. NARF also "provides legal representation and technical assistance to Indian tribes, organizations
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in Indian
Territory. He and his followers harassed non-natives as well as natives in favor of Allotment. Although this rebellion ended in the arrest of Harjo and his anti-allotment followers (including some Cherokee), the Four Mothers Society for Collective Political Action was formed in 1912. This
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In
September 2001, tribal leaders met in Washington, D.C., and established the Tribal Supreme Court Project in an effort to "strengthen tribal advocacy before the U.S. Supreme Court by developing new litigation strategies and coordinating tribal legal resources." The ultimate goal is to improve the
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in Kansas. He was convicted to prison for the deaths of two FBI agents in 1975. There is much controversy surrounding the circumstances of the deaths and of
Peltier's conviction. Leonard's status is more well-known overseas, and is considered by some to be a "political prisoner" who was targeted by
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The Inter-Tribal
Environmental Council (ITEC) was set up in 1992 to protect the health of Native Americans, their natural resources and their environment. To accomplish this, ITEC provides technical support, training, and environmental services in a variety of disciplines. Currently, there are over
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was derived from the sovereign powers of the people living and fishing in nearby tribal territories. The committee ordained fishing practices that were disciplined and designed to serve a high purpose: to ensure that the salmon resource was served first—even worshipped—so that it would flourish and
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National loyalties and identities characterize the modern nation-state but in
Aboriginal communities, identities are often not region-wide and are not ethnic in the sense of "pan-Indian" identities.... To be sure, initially these individuals were not acting in consort with one another, evidencing
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Each CAP affiliate has its own constitution and is separately funded under the federal
Aboriginal Representative Organization Program (AROP). CAP's bylaws require affiliation to be limited to one organization per province or territory. In effect, these affiliates are the corporate members of CAP,
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The Association on American Indian Affairs (AAIA) aims to improve Native American health, education, and economic and community development while maintaining tradition, culture, and language. Protecting Native American sovereignty, natural resources, and constitutional, legal, and human rights is
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NIEA came into being in 1970. The largest and oldest Indian education organization in the U.S., it aims to move Indian Country towards educational equity. NIEA is governed by a Board of Directors made up of twelve representatives, and it has committees that "work to ensure native educators and
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joined the fish-in effort and was arrested along with Episcopal minister John Yaryan on 2 March 1964, during a NIYC fish-in on the Puyallup River. Over the course of the fish-in efforts, over 45 tribes came together to support and help. For this reason, Clyde Warrior, a leader of the NIYC,
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at protests and arguing for liberation instead of assimilation. They advocated for the abolition of the Office of Indian Affairs (which was promoting assimilation). They mobilized many people to become activists and quickly became the most visible of the pan-Indian organizations of the era.
270:'s (ILO) Convention No. 169, occurred. To date, this has been the only formally binding international convention that specifically applies to indigenous peoples. The conference recognized the goal of native groups to maintain their position as entities independent of national governments.
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in the San Francisco Bay and ended 19 months and 9 days later on 11 June 1971. The group placed demands, which consisted of the deed to Alcatraz and funding to establish a university and a cultural center. These demands were rejected, but the event received considerable media attention.
507:"to promote unrestricted travel across the international border between the United States and Canada." Indigenous people consider unrestricted travel across the continental United States and across the border between the United States and Canada an inherent right given by the
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The National Indian Education Association (NIEA) is a membership-based organization "committed to increasing educational opportunities and resources for American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian students while protecting our cultural and linguistic traditions."
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The NCAI was founded in 1944 at a gathering of over 100 Native Americans in Denver, Colorado (many of the participants were elected leaders of the tribes that were involved in the Indian Reorganization Acts of 1934). The formation of the NCAI was encouraged by
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Throughout the 1960s, the battle to regain fishing rights that had been previously guaranteed in treaties during the mid-nineteenth century but later restricted after WWII for conservation purposes, continued in the northwestern United States.A series of
441:--to "renew their authority in fisheries management." Their mission also includes protecting treaty rights for fishing guaranteed by treaties with the federal government "through the exercise of the inherent sovereign powers of the tribes.".
185:, formed the Four Mothers Society for collective political action. Also, in 1912, the Alaskan Native Brotherhood and Sisterhood came together, centering on their shared interest in protecting Native resources. In 1934, Congress passed the
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The ITEC office has a full-time staff of twenty-two who organize and provide services to the individual ITEC member tribes. In addition, they assist individual tribes with other environmentally related issues and concerns as they arise.
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is considered to be an early example of Pan-Indianism. As a confederation founded on the premise of indigenous unity against American expansionism, it united many of the tribes of the Great Lakes region. At the meeting between
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The International Indian Treaty Council (IITC) has an objective to seek, promote, and build participation of Indigenous Peoples in the United Nations (UN) and its specialized agencies, as well as other international forums.
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653:âť– Maintains an online depository of briefs and opinions in all Indian law cases filed with the U.S. Supreme Court and cases being monitored in the U.S. Court of Appeal and State Supreme Courts (Court Documents)
665:âť– Coordinates an Amicus Brief writing network and helps to develop litigation strategies at both the Petition Stage and the Merits Stage to ensure that the briefs receive the maximum attention of the Justices
677:âť– Conducts conference calls and fosters panel discussions among attorneys nationwide about pending Indian law cases and, when necessary, forms small working groups to formulate strategy on specific issues
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and throughout the 1940s and '50s, Native activism was less developed and for the most part non-violent. Many leaders made a genuine effort to work with the American government. In 1923, as a symbolic gesture,
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considered the fish-in protests to be "the beginning of a new era in the history of American Indians" and other members of the NIYC considered the protesting to be "the greatest Indian victory of modern day."
656:âť– Prepares an Update Memorandum of Cases which provides an overview of Indian law cases pending before the U.S. Supreme Court, cases being monitored, and the current work being performed by the Project
650:âť– In conjunction with the National Indian Law Library, monitors Indian law cases in the state and federal appellate courts that have the potential to reach the Supreme Court (NILL Indian Law Bulletins)
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to distinguish from other peoples known as "Indians." Some pan-Indian organizations seek to pool the resources of Native groups in order to protect the interests of indigenous peoples across the world.
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The Red Power movement is the activist movement that came to prominence in the 1960s. It was the Civil Rights Movement of the American Indian. One of the key events in the Red Power movement was the
659:âť– Offers assistance to tribal leaders and their attorneys to determine whether to file a Petition for a Writ of Certiorari to the U.S. Supreme Court in cases where they lost in the court below
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The Native American Journalists Association (NAJA) is committed to educating its members about culture and tradition. It works to ensure free press, speech and religion and promote Native culture.
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and less attention was focused on Native American affairs. The NCAI decided to dedicate themselves to lobbying for or against specific legislation and also to focus on civil and voting rights.
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The Society of American Indians was the most influential of the early pan-Indian organizations. It played a critical role in advocating Indian citizenship, which was finally granted by the
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A more violent demonstration began in February 1973, when members of the American Indian Movement and the Oglala Sioux occupied the site of the Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890 located in the
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in South Dakota. This siege ended after 71 days with the surrender of the AIM group. Two Indians, Frank Clearwater and Buddy Lamont, were killed; one federal marshal was injured.
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The first major recorded action of American Indian activism happened in 1901. A Muskogee creek named Chitto Harjo led a rebellion (also known as the Crazy Snake Uprising) against
386:. The aims of the organization are to protect the rights, treaty obligations, ceremonies, and claims of citizens of the First Nations in Canada. It represents the majority of all
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The National Indian Youth Council (NIYC) was founded by Clyde Warrior (Ponca) and Melvin Thom (Paiute). Their work resulted in an action program and a newspaper called
662:âť– Offers assistance to attorneys representing Indian tribes to prepare their Brief in Opposition at the Petition Stage in cases where they won in the court below
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To support the human rights, self-determination and sovereignty of Indigenous Peoples; to oppose colonialism in all its forms and its effects upon Indigenous Peoples.
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209:. This organization pursued such things as better Indian educational programs and improved living conditions. This was paralleled by the establishment of the
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The Black Hills Treaty Council was established in South Dakota in 1911 on the Cheyenne River Sioux reservation to prepare a suit in the U.S. Court of Claims.
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In August 1970 and in June 1971, two separate occupations of Mount Rushmore occurred. These were efforts to reclaim the Black Hills and to insist that the
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671:âť– Provides other brief writing assistance, including reviewing and editing the principal briefs and the performance of additional legal research
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McNickle, D'Arcy and Iverson, Peter. "Native American tribalism: Indian survivals and renewals" p.119. Oxford University Press., New York, New York.
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This approach to political organizing is primarily associated with Native Americans organizing for social justice and cultural revitalization in the
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To establish and maintain one or more organizational offices to carry out IITC's information dissemination, networking and human rights programs.
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Shreve, Bradley Glenn. "Red Power Rising: The National Indian Youth Council and the Origins of Intertribal Activism." Diss. U of Mexico, 2007.
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674:âť– Coordinates and conducts Moot Court and Roundtable opportunities for attorneys who are presenting Oral Arguments before the Court
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444:"For generations, traditional fishing authorities governed tribal communities on the Columbia River. One such authority was the old "
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Founded in 1967, the Assembly of First Nations (AFN), formerly known as the National Indian Brotherhood, is a representative body of
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in hopes of obtaining recognition of his tribe's sovereignty, but his request was denied. In 1939, the Tonawanda Band of the
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students are represented in various educational institutions and forums throughout Indian Country and Washington, D.C."
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is a philosophical and political approach promoting unity and, to some extent, cultural homogenization, among different
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Waldman, Carl (2009). "Atlas of The North American Indian" (Third ed.), pp 262, 264, 241. Checkmark Books., New York
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the FBI during the U.S. government's efforts to curb the activities of AIM and other organizations during the 1970s.
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Hoxie, Frederick E. (1996). "Encyclopedia of North American Indians", p. 220. Houghton Mifflin Company, New York
668:âť– When appropriate, prepares and submits Amicus Briefs on behalf of Indian tribes and Tribal Organizations
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committee took a more formal approach by sending delegates to Congress to argue their cause against Allotment.
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To disseminate information about Indigenous Peoples' human rights issues, struggles, concerns and perspectives.
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held at the University of Chicago. After exchanging opinions that covered many aspects of Indian affairs, the
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some grand plan to transform the cultural landscape of Canada or to create a pan-Canadian Aboriginal identity
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The Alaska Native Brotherhood and Sisterhood was founded in 1912 with a goal of protecting Native resources.
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at Vincennes, Tecumseh called for collective ownership of land, arguing that the land belonged to everyone.
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Cobb, Daniel M. (2008). "Native Activism in Cold War America", p.127. University Press of Kansas., Kansas.
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To seek international recognition for Treaties and Agreements between Indigenous Peoples and Nation-States.
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The Congress of Aboriginal Peoples] (CAP) founded in 1971 as the Native Council of Canada, is a Canadian
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Political graffiti in Los Angeles demanding "Lets Free Leonard Peltier & All Political Prisoners".
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Hoxie, Frederick E (2001). "Talking Back to Civilization", p.24. Bedford/St. Martin's, Boston, MA.
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A lingering sign of the 1969–71 Native American occupation of Alcatraz Island (2010 Photograph)..
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To build solidarity and relationships of mutual support among Indigenous Peoples of the world.
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1649:"The Fish-in Protests at Franks Landing - Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project"
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This article is about Native American unity. For pan-nationalist concepts in India, see
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of 1814. The Annual Border Crossing sponsored by the League begins at Niagara Falls.
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In 1911, the first national Indian political organization in the US was created, the
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For one week in June 1961, 420 American Indians from 67 tribes convened for the
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1181:(1): 87–88 – via University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons.
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820:. The occupation started on 20 November 1969 with 79 Indians disembarking on
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in 1919, Canada's first Aboriginal organization that was national in scope.
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community or some variation thereof. Some academics have also used the term
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but has spread to some other Indigenous communities as well, especially in
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Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
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Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
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In 1989, the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, also known as the
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This Society of American Indians (SAI) was founded by the Yavapi Indian
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1019:"Early Pan-Indianism; Tecumseh's Tour of the Indian Country, 1811-1812"
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The LPDC is a national and international support group working to free
133:. Inuit and MĂ©tis people may consider themselves part of the broader,
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Government of Canada, Library and Archives Canada (16 February 2005).
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Philosophical and political approach promoting Native American unity
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The Indian Defense League of America was founded in 1926 by Chief
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1495:(Second ed.), p.332-333. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.
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Nationalism and Intra-State Conflicts in the Postcolonial World
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A 'Free Leonard Peltier' sign in Detroit Michigan.(March 2009)
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The OEO was founded in 1964 as a result of Indian support of
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forty ITEC member tribes in Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas.
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tribe issued a "Declaration of Independence" to the state of
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regardless of tribal distinctions and cultural differences.
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be honored and recognized by the United States of America.
1064:"Indigenous Political Organization and Activism in Canada"
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Cohen, Felix S. "Handbook of Federal Indian Law", p.190.
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Johnson, Troy R.; Alvin M. Josephy; Joane Nagel (1999).
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in Canada and has a leader known as the National Chief.
1597:. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press. p.
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1223:"Native American Voices: Declaration of Indian Purpose"
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1745:"Alcatraz is Not an Island: The Occupation, 1969–1971"
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1254:"C169 Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989"
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which does not, itself, have individual memberships.
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347:). AIM became well known for its involvement in the
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The American Indian Movement was created in 1968 in
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1198:Red power: the American Indians' fight for freedom
833:and protests occurred in Olympia, Washington. The
592:), a man who is serving two life sentences at the
471:organization, that represents Aboriginal Peoples (
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425:(CRITFC) was created in 1977 by four tribes--the
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1493:American Indians: History to Today's Questions
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920:"ABORIGINAL IDENTITY IN THE CANADIAN CONTEXT"
647:The Tribal Supreme Court does the following:
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65:The examples and perspective in this article
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388:First Nations governments or "band councils"
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158:and then governor of the Indiana Territory,
1397:"Congress of Aboriginal Peoples Affiliates"
1140:Toensing, Gale Courey (21 September 2007).
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423:Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission
417:Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission
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1537:Native American Journalists Association.
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483:, either in urban and rural areas across
103:Learn how and when to remove this message
45:For the term in the cinema of India, see
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1591:Olson, James S.; Raymond Wilson (1984).
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2606:Eritrean national identity nationalism
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1201:. U.S.: University of Nebraska Press.
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866:took over the Bureau of Indian Affairs
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394:Association on American Indian Affairs
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704:National Indian Education Association
687:National Congress of American Indians
681:National Congress of American Indians
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1856:Native Women's Association of Canada
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1464:"Inter-tribal Environmental Council"
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319:Flag of the American Indian Movement
285:Alaska Native Brotherhood/Sisterhood
279:Alaska Native Brotherhood/Sisterhood
198:persisted until 1938. Likewise, the
51:
1569:"Tribal Supreme Court Project Home"
1306:
1231:. 16 September 2009. Archived from
917:
898:Native American Information Service
892:Robbins, Dorothy M (30 July 1997).
790:'s Point IV program but adapted to
519:International Indian Treaty Council
24:
1900:International rights organizations
1763:"AIM Occupation of Mount Rushmore"
1638:
1635:, 2009. Retrieved 11 October 2009.
1541:, 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2009.
1453:, 2009. Retrieved 11 October 2009.
1423:"Indian Defense League of America"
1383:, 2009. Retrieved 11 October 2009.
1168:
894:"A Short History of Pan-Indianism"
551:Inter-Tribal Environmental Council
545:Inter-Tribal Environmental Council
448:." The authority exercised by the
257:American Indian Chicago Conference
25:
3022:
2569:Unification of Albania and Kosovo
1751:", 2002. Retrieved on 2009-09-16.
1425:. Retrieved on 29 September 2009.
1265:International Labour Organization
758:
564:Leonard Peltier Defense Committee
355:in 1972. Inspired by groups like
268:International Labour Organization
200:Allied Tribes of British Columbia
120:Indigenous groups in the Americas
1268:, 2006. Retrieved on 2009-10-03.
854:Trail of Broken Treaties Caravan
594:Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary
495:Indian Defense League of America
405:also included in their mission.
273:
145:
56:
2102:Netherlands-Indonesian unionism
1754:
1738:
1721:
1666:
1556:, Retrieved on 11 October 2009.
1531:
1456:
1444:
1428:
1415:
1348:Trope, Jack F and Lisa Wyzlic.
1342:
1321:AFN Executive Committee Reports
1247:
1215:
1162:
351:in 1973 and the seizure of the
2221:Union of Arab Republics (1972)
2092:League of East European States
1841:Congress of Aboriginal Peoples
1133:
1114:
1083:
1056:
1010:
948:
911:
778:Office of Economic Opportunity
735:ABC: Americans Before Columbus
463:Congress of Aboriginal Peoples
457:Congress of Aboriginal Peoples
218:Indian Citizenship Act of 1924
13:
1:
2441:Anglo-American unificationism
1554:"Native American Rights Fund"
878:
862:National Indian Youth Council
835:National Indian Youth Council
729:National Indian Youth Council
723:National Indian Youth Council
261:Declaration of Indian Purpose
192:
2325:Polish-Czechoslovak unionism
2199:Federation of Arab Republics
2058:Israeli-Palestinian unionism
1876:First Nations Bank of Canada
1687:, Retrieved 18 October 2009.
1578:, Retrieved 11 October 2009.
856:occurred. This involved the
615:National Indigenous Congress
609:National Indigenous Congress
7:
2996:Native American nationalism
2381:Rhodesia-Nyasaland unionism
2216:Jordania-Palestine unionism
2043:Hungarian-Romanian unionism
1986:Bulgarian-Romanian unionism
847:Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868
747:Society of American Indians
741:Society of American Indians
635:Native American Rights Fund
211:League of Indians of Canada
207:Society of American Indians
79:, discuss the issue on the
10:
3027:
2163:Peruvian-Bolivian unionism
2112:Romanian-moldovan unionism
2038:Greek-Yugoslavian unionism
1175:American Indian Law Review
1090:Cowger, Thomas W. (2007).
955:Achankeng, Fonkem (2015).
837:spearheaded the campaign.
801:
775:
744:
726:
707:
684:
624:
548:
460:
409:Black Hills Treaty Council
397:
371:
308:
282:
44:
29:
2949:
2416:
2053:Indian-Pakistani Unionism
2021:Fertile Crescent unionism
2011:Estonian-Finnish unionism
1971:Afghan-Pakistani unionism
1958:
1895:
1881:Inuit Circumpolar Council
1836:Assembly of First Nations
1831:
1069:The Canadian Encyclopedia
1023:American Indian Quarterly
374:Assembly of First Nations
368:Assembly of First Nations
299:All Indian Pueblo Council
293:All Indian Pueblo Council
187:Indian Reorganization Act
127:Continental United States
2884:Senegambia Confederation
2869:Polynesian confederation
2273:Pan-European nationalism
1952:Pan-nationalist concepts
1866:Native Friendship Centre
1767:Mount Rushmore Revisited
1574:11 November 2009 at the
858:American Indian Movement
353:Bureau of Indian Affairs
311:American Indian Movement
305:American Indian Movement
165:In 1912, members of the
2802:United States of Poland
2527:East African Federation
2448:Antillean Confederation
2386:Soviet reunificationism
2122:Union of African States
1846:Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami
1761:Pacio, Adam G. (2008).
1679:3 November 2012 at the
1355:26 October 2009 at the
1127:collectionscanada.gc.ca
694:John Collier (reformer)
511:and reconfirmed by the
331:, George Mitchell, and
236:chief, traveled to the
3001:Native American topics
2839:Misak-ı Millî (Turkey)
2547:West Indies Federation
2515:Danubian Confederation
2048:Gran Colombia unionism
1851:MĂ©tis National Council
1674:"CRAZY SNAKE UPRISING"
1631:5 October 2009 at the
1518:enlacezapatista.ezx.nl
1466:. 2007. Archived from
1379:7 October 2009 at the
1092:"PAN-INDIAN MOVEMENTS"
873:Pine Ridge Reservation
852:In November 1972, the
818:Occupation of Alcatraz
813:
605:
573:
320:
202:were created in 1916.
160:William Henry Harrison
151:Tecumseh's Confederacy
2391:Switzerland expansion
2335:Saint Martin unionism
2211:Arab Islamic Republic
2026:Gaucho traditionalism
1017:Sugden, John (1986).
811:
603:
571:
450:Celilo Fish Committee
446:Celilo Fish Committee
349:Wounded Knee incident
318:
2854:Padanian nationalism
2834:Megali Idea (Greece)
2809:North American Union
2554:Franco-British Union
2226:Iraq-Kuwait unionism
2192:United Arab Republic
1672:McIntosh Kenneth W.
1653:depts.washington.edu
1491:Utter, Jack (2001).
1149:Indian Country Today
918:Robbins, Dorothy M.
85:create a new article
77:improve this article
67:may not represent a
36:Indian reunification
2879:Sahel Confederation
2688:Greater Netherlands
2488:Imperial Federation
2204:Libyan-Syrian Union
1996:Central-americanism
1991:Canada-USA unionism
1259:31 October 2011 at
1235:on 13 February 2009
932:on 21 February 2016
2780:Greater Yugoslavia
2755:Greater Tamil Nadu
2663:Greater Mauritania
2581:Greater Bangladesh
2542:Caribbean Antilles
2431:African federation
2401:Hungarian Turanism
2187:United Arab States
2182:Hashemite unionism
2080:Hispanoamericanism
1470:on 2 December 2009
1403:on 25 October 2009
1330:on 2 November 2009
814:
804:Red Power movement
798:Red Power movement
784:Point Four Program
606:
574:
509:Jay Treaty of 1794
357:The Black Panthers
321:
2978:
2977:
2698:Greater Palestine
2638:Greater Indonesia
2622:Galicia irredenta
2576:Greater Argentina
2500:Catalan Countries
2495:Cascadia movement
2468:Balkan Federation
2268:European unionism
2134:Sahel-Benin Union
2063:Latinoamericanism
1918:
1917:
1823:organizations in
1705:978-0-7006-1597-1
1286:978-0-312-10385-9
1171:"January 1, 2000"
1123:"The EvidenceWeb"
1006:978-0-8160-6859-3
238:League of Nations
139:pan-Amerindianism
113:
112:
105:
87:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
3018:
2965:Hispanic peoples
2931:Whole Azerbaijan
2921:United Macedonia
2716:
2708:Greater Portugal
2591:Greater Bulgaria
2537:Greater Cambodia
2523:
2483:British unionism
2367:
2330:Reintegrationism
2310:Mediterraneanism
2243:Pan-Caucasianism
2171:
2154:
2088:
2071:
2034:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1922:
1921:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1790:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1769:. Archived from
1758:
1752:
1742:
1736:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1707:
1697:
1688:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1645:
1636:
1622:
1613:
1612:
1588:
1579:
1566:
1557:
1551:
1542:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1510:
1504:
1489:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1432:
1426:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1399:. Archived from
1393:
1384:
1371:
1360:
1350:"AAIA: About Us"
1346:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1329:
1323:. Archived from
1318:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1288:
1278:
1269:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1192:
1183:
1182:
1169:Wunder, John R.
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1098:. Archived from
1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1014:
1008:
998:
961:
960:
952:
946:
945:
939:
937:
931:
925:. Archived from
924:
915:
909:
908:
906:
904:
889:
788:President Truman
753:Carlos Montezuma
333:Clyde Bellecourt
108:
101:
97:
94:
88:
60:
59:
52:
21:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3011:Pan-nationalism
3006:Pan-Americanism
2981:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2970:Habesha peoples
2953:
2945:
2770:Greater Vietnam
2765:Greater Ukraine
2740:Greater Somalia
2720:Greater Romania
2710:
2678:Greater Morocco
2673:Greater Moldova
2628:Greater Hungary
2616:Greater Finland
2601:Greater Croatia
2564:Greater Albania
2517:
2418:
2412:
2357:
2320:Pan-Oceanianism
2263:Pan-Europeanism
2165:
2148:
2141:Pan-Americanism
2127:Mali Federation
2082:
2065:
2028:
2001:Czechoslovakism
1954:
1949:
1919:
1914:
1910:Band government
1891:
1883:(Canada branch)
1827:
1817:
1787:
1786:
1776:
1774:
1759:
1755:
1743:
1739:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1710:
1698:
1691:
1681:Wayback Machine
1671:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1639:
1633:Wayback Machine
1623:
1616:
1609:
1589:
1582:
1576:Wayback Machine
1567:
1560:
1552:
1545:
1536:
1532:
1522:
1520:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1490:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1449:
1445:
1433:
1429:
1421:Hill, Beverly.
1420:
1416:
1406:
1404:
1395:
1394:
1387:
1381:Wayback Machine
1372:
1363:
1357:Wayback Machine
1347:
1343:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1291:
1279:
1272:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1228:Digital History
1221:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1193:
1186:
1167:
1163:
1153:
1151:
1144:
1138:
1134:
1119:
1115:
1105:
1103:
1088:
1084:
1074:
1072:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1035:10.2307/1183838
1015:
1011:
999:
964:
953:
949:
935:
933:
929:
922:
916:
912:
902:
900:
890:
886:
881:
822:Alcatraz Island
806:
800:
780:
774:
761:
749:
743:
731:
725:
712:
706:
689:
683:
637:
629:
623:
611:
578:Leonard Peltier
566:
553:
547:
521:
513:Treaty of Ghent
501:Clinton Rickard
497:
481:Indian reserves
479:) who live off
465:
459:
453:always exist."
419:
411:
402:
396:
376:
370:
313:
307:
295:
287:
281:
276:
195:
148:
109:
98:
92:
89:
74:
61:
57:
50:
47:Pan-Indian film
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3024:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2957:
2955:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2916:United Ireland
2913:
2911:United Armenia
2908:
2907:
2906:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2794:
2789:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2735:Greater Serbia
2732:
2727:
2725:Greater Russia
2722:
2717:
2705:
2703:Greater Poland
2700:
2695:
2693:Greater Norway
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2668:Greater Mexico
2665:
2660:
2655:
2653:Greater Israel
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2586:Greater Bosnia
2583:
2578:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2480:
2478:Basque Country
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2184:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2160:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2117:Pan-Africanism
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2097:Neo-Ottomanism
2094:
2089:
2077:
2075:Hellenoturkism
2072:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1976:Austro-Slavism
1973:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1948:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1925:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1793:
1785:
1784:
1773:on 5 July 2009
1753:
1737:
1720:
1708:
1689:
1665:
1637:
1626:"NIEA Profile"
1614:
1607:
1580:
1558:
1543:
1530:
1505:
1481:
1455:
1443:
1427:
1414:
1385:
1361:
1341:
1305:
1289:
1270:
1246:
1214:
1207:
1184:
1161:
1132:
1113:
1102:on 25 May 2010
1082:
1055:
1029:(4): 273–304.
1009:
962:
959:. p. 434.
947:
910:
883:
882:
880:
877:
802:Main article:
799:
796:
776:Main article:
773:
770:
760:
759:Early activism
757:
745:Main article:
742:
739:
727:Main article:
724:
721:
708:Main article:
705:
702:
685:Main article:
682:
679:
636:
633:
625:Main article:
622:
619:
610:
607:
565:
562:
549:Main article:
546:
543:
542:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
520:
517:
496:
493:
461:Main article:
458:
455:
418:
415:
410:
407:
398:Main article:
395:
392:
372:Main article:
369:
366:
309:Main article:
306:
303:
294:
291:
283:Main article:
280:
277:
275:
272:
194:
191:
147:
144:
135:pan-Aboriginal
111:
110:
71:of the subject
69:worldwide view
64:
62:
55:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3023:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2899:Triune Russia
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2874:Russian world
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2864:Patria Grande
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2775:Greater Yemen
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2750:Greater Syria
2748:
2746:
2745:Greater Spain
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2730:Greater Samoa
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2683:Greater Nepal
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2658:Greater Italy
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2633:Greater India
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2596:Greater China
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2559:Gran Colombia
2557:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2315:Pan-Mongolism
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2290:Pan-Indianism
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
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2453:Arab Union
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1261:Archive-It
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582:Anishinabe
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1981:Berberism
1819:National
1075:21 August
1048:19 August
765:Allotment
505:Tuscarora
427:Nez Perce
183:Allotment
179:Chickasaw
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2419:concepts
2396:Turanism
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