2841:
3113:
3548:
8486:
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3896:
3786:, a political musical movement that was intensely Pan-African. Scholars who study the life of FRK and her son conclusively agree that she was the main political influence on the Pan-African and political dimension to his music. In 1949, FRK founded and led the Nigerian Women's Union which in 1953 changed its name to the Federation of Nigerian Women's Societies, rallying for inter-regional unity among women's movements in Nigeria. Subsequently, she was courted by international movements for women's rights such as the
4019:
4187:
3715:
wrote two articles in 1896, after moving to
Britain in 1895, for the society named "The Recognition of the Brotherhood of Man", which was well received and earned her high praise from the editors. Her experiences and clear articulation of the South African political situation both through literature and speeches resonated with the British liberal intelligentsia. Kinloch frequently made efforts to engage in dialogue with activist groups in England. She spoke at Newcastle, York and Manchester for the
2779:
3129:
53:
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3881:, the African Union proposed a free movement policy that would allow residents of countries in the union to move throughout the continent freely and participate in economic endeavors in other countries. The majority of countries have not formally signed off on the agreement and others are critical of the prospects of success but the African Union continues to view this policy as a major step toward its goal of continent wide solidarity and integration.
3794:, who credited her 'with being an inspiration to the Ghana Women's Association.' One of her most notable contributions was the formation of the Abeokuta Ladies Club - this was a collective of Nigerian market women, whose powerful economic position in Abeokuta sought to influence the colonial policy which destroyed their ability to make money and remain independent. By the 1940s, more than 20,000 women had a membership. She changed the name to the
486:
2833:
478:
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3798:, marking the movement towards direct activism. For example, in November 1947, she was responsible for organising demonstrations that as many as 10,000 women participated. She continued to organise for women's rights all her life until in 1977, when a government raid conducted in response to her son Fela Kuti's activism, led to her being thrown from a second storey window. She died from her injuries in 1978.
3874:(AfCFTA). The establishment of this free trade zone connects nations throughout the continent that together have a GDP of upwards of US$ 2.5 trillion. The emergence of COVID-19 has delayed its implementation but in the long term, the African Union hopes that the agreement will spur industrialization, substantially boost trade, and contribute to increasing economic integration throughout the continent.
3531:
from
African states and the African Diaspora, including the Black Panthers. It represented the application of the tenets of the Algerian revolution to the rest of Africa and symbolized the reshaping of the definition of pan-African identity under the common experience of colonialism. The Festival further strengthened the standing of Algeria's President Boumediene in Africa and the Third World.
3774:, where she began her extensive work in Nigerian and international activism. Her achievements were unprecedented: being the first woman with a top-ranking position in a leading political party (the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons), the first woman to drive a car in Nigeria, and the first African woman to travel to the Eastern Bloc, visiting China and Russia during the
4439:("seven principles"). In the words of its founder and chair, Karenga, "the essential task of our organization Us has been and remains to provide a philosophy, a set of principles and a program which inspires a personal and social practice that not only satisfies human need but transforms people in the process, making them self-conscious agents of their own life and liberation".
556:
3154:, pan-Africanism represents the aggregation of the historical, cultural, spiritual, artistic, scientific, and philosophical legacies of Africans from past times to the present. Pan-Africanism as an ethical system traces its origins from ancient times, and promotes values that are the product of the African civilisations and the struggles against
3885:
continued involvement from foreign economic superpowers amongst others. Influence from the United States, the United
Kingdom and France continues to remain while new countries such as China are increasingly becoming involved politically and economically on the continent with many referring to this era as a "new scramble for Africa".
3510:". The Conference highlighted diverging ideologies within the movement, as Nkrumah's call for a political and economic union between the Independent African States gained little agreement. The disagreements following 1960 gave rise to two rival factions within the pan-African movement: the Casablanca Bloc and the Brazzaville Bloc.
4380:, the CAA was the first major U.S. organization whose focus was on providing pertinent and up-to-date information about pan-Africanism across the United States, particularly to African Americans. Perhaps the most successful campaign of the council was for South African famine relief in 1946. The CAA was hopeful that, following
3986:, and is today dedicated to "teaching students about the African World Experience", to "demonstrate to the campus and the community the richness, vibrance, diversity, and vitality of African, African American, and Caribbean cultures" and to "presenting students and the community with an Afrocentric analysis" of anti-Black
3683:
from those of
African-American men. Both Moore and Abubakari were prominent members of the Universal Association of Ethiopian Women in Louisiana, which engaged in anti-colonial activities, welfare rights, and Pan-Africanist activism. In 1972, Moore was a featured speaker at the All-Africa Women's Conference in
3430:. This conference signified a monumental event in the pan-African movement, as it revealed a political and social union between those considered Arabic states and the black African regions. Further, the Conference espoused a common African Nationalist identity, among the States, of unity and anti-Imperialism.
4126:
Kwame
Nkrumah was viewed with suspicion by many of his contemporaries, who regarded him as a "megalomaniac whose only real ambition is to rule the entire African continent". Most newly independent African countries opposed Nkrumah's desires for a politically unified Africa because they viewed it as a
3824:
being among the most popular social networking sites. The ability to connect with people thousands of miles away has allowed these platforms to become places where people across the continent and diaspora have attempted to manufacture a collective
African identity. Twitter has been one of the biggest
3378:
was elected as the first Prime
Minister and President of the State. Nkrumah emerged as a major advocate for the unity of Independent Africa. The Ghanaian President embodied a political activist approach to pan-Africanism as he championed the "quest for regional integration of the whole of the African
3837:
The intersection between the digital media revolution and pan-Africanism has also had implications for the education sector. Pan-African organizations have used the internet and digital media to produce educational content for both children and adults in an effort to improve learning outcomes across
3682:
and Dara
Abubakari played a vital role in developing Pan-African thought. These women significantly shaped the ideological and organizational contours of Pan-Africanism, developing a gender-conscious strand of Pan-Africanism that was focused on the realities faced by African-American women, separate
3526:
Charter took place at this Summit and defines a coordinated "effort to raise the standard of living of member States and defend their sovereignty" by supporting freedom fighters and decolonisation. Thus, was the formation of the
African Liberation Committee (ALC), during the 1963 Summit. Championing
4176:, where independence leaders abandoned national unity after independence in favour of promoting the interests of their own ethnic groups over others), and it has been noted that the ideology relies on constructing a "common foe" such as colonialism in order to maintain its relevance and legitimacy.
3884:
Although in an era of globalization and increased connectivity, challenges continue to persist that undermine the
African Union's goal of continent wide solidarity. Many of these challenges have persisted for decades with some including inconsistent treaty implementation, ineffective governance and
3811:
Since the onset of the digital revolution, the internet and other similar media have facilitated the growth of many core pan-African principles by strengthening and increasing connections between people across the diaspora. Although internet penetration rates remain below the world average, roughly
3738:
and in bringing African women's rights to the forefront of the colonial debate, for example influencing Guinea's protection of women's rights enshrined in its constitution. Central to Cissé's work was the idea that the UN could provide an international framework that would protect African girls and
3727:
and Thomas J. Thompson, where they and 11 or 12 others gathered at the Charing-Cross Mansions hotel in London. Kinloch served as treasurer but in 1898 returned to South Africa with her husband. Two years later, the African Association led the Pan-African Conference, which was widely regarded as the
3722:
Kinloch's detailed accounts of the nature of black oppression in Africa was unprecedented for these organisations who rarely had the opportunity to hear first-hand accounts of the African political situation. Now fully engrossed in the British anti-colonial dialogue, she wrote a 19-page pamphlet on
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who worked at the De Beers mining compound in Kimberley. She witnessed the degrading working conditions of the compound premised upon the exploitation of black South Africans, such as the practice of making hundreds of black miners attend work naked to ensure diamonds were not being stolen. Kinloch
3575:
were specifically addressed. For the first time, the Congress was asked to reflect upon the role and needs of women. In order to organise which women's issues would be raised at the Congress, a pre-Congress Women's Meeting was held two days before, to provide a framework that ensured women's voices
3530:
In 1969, Algiers hosted the Pan-African Cultural Festival, on July 21 and it continued for eight days. At this moment in history, Algeria stood as a "beacon of African and Third-World militancy," and would come to inspire fights against colonialism around the world. The festival attracted thousands
3493:
and signed the Sanniquellie Declaration outlining the principles for the achievement of the unity of Independent African States whilst maintaining a national identity and autonomous constitutional structure. The Declaration called for a revised understanding of Pan-Africanism and the uniting of the
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The strength of African countries is dependent on economic stability. This in return draws from the ability to make use of and to manage available resources. Most and foremost African countries need more water security to ensure provision of clean water for households and sufficient water for food
3829:
posed a question on her Twitter account that led to the creation of the hashtag #IfAfricaWasABar. After one week, more than 60,000 tweets with the hashtag were created, which allowed users on the platform to grapple with a vision of widespread African interaction throughout the continent. Nigerian
3610:
Although Pan-Africanism called for unity between all those of African ancestry, it missed out almost half of these people by overlooking women's contribution. In the book Pan-Africanism History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora since 1787, it mentioned forty Pan-Africanists, of which
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The realization of the pan-African objective would lead to "power consolidation in Africa", which "would compel a reallocation of global resources, as well as unleashing a fiercer psychological energy and political assertion ... that would unsettle social and political (power) structures...in
4557:
on March 4, 2016, Assistant Professor of African Studies Msia K. Clark spoke of the historical connection that has linked pan-Africanism and hip-hop since the genre's birth and how hip-hop culture has been at the forefront of various movements throughout the continent in the 21st century. One of
4548:
Hip-hop unifies those of African descent globally in its movement towards greater economic, social and political power. Andreana Clay in her article "Keepin' it Real: Black Youth, Hip-Hop Culture, and Black Identity" states that hip-hop provides the world with "vivid illustrations of Black lived
3747:
majority population. In an article written in 1979, on the family dynamic in Africa, Cissé makes unprecedented criticisms of the forced role of mothers in brainwashing their daughters to follow prescriptive gender roles. She was also instrumental in the 1968 legislation in Guinea which outlawed
3386:
Nkrumah's pan-African principles intended for a union between the Independent African states upon a recognition of their commonality (i.e. suppression under imperialism). Pan-Africanism under Nkrumah evolved past the assumptions of a racially exclusive movement associated with black Africa, and
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Another criticism of Pan-Africanism is that it is irrelevant for contemporary issues affecting postcolonial Africa, and it is thus "stuck in the past". Pan-Africanism has been accused of placing too much focus on a superficial monolithic "African" or "black" identity while ignoring the complex
3584:
and the protection of young domestic workers from rape and other abuse. Women participants of the Seventh Pan-African Congress moved towards building an agenda for the Pan African Women's Liberation Organisation and met daily during the Congress to discuss the logistics of such a movement. The
3517:
assumed the Presidency. Ben Bella was a strong advocate for Pan-Africanism and African Unity. Following the FLN's armed struggle for liberation, Ben Bella spoke at the UN and espoused for Independent Africa's role in providing military and financial support to the African liberation movements
3449:
Considering the armed struggle of the FLN against French colonial rule, the Conference attendees agreed to support the struggle of those States under colonial oppression. This encouraged the commitment of direct involvement in the "emancipation of the Continent; thus, a fight against colonial
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One major weakness of Pan-Africanism and Africa's regional arrangements has been the failure to protect Africans from their homemade tyrants. Pan-Africanism has not been seen as reinforcing and guaranteeing people's rights as citizens of their respective nations. Solidarity in the name of
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the diamond trade in South Africa was in 1897, her views were beginning to become distinctly Pan-African in their calls for an end to continental dehumanisation. Kinloch's main contribution to pan-Africanism however was in her co-founding of the African Association in 1897 with lawyers
3497:
In 1960, the second All-African Peoples' Conference was held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The membership of the All-African Peoples' Organisation (AAPO) had increased with the inclusion of the "Algerian Provisional Government (as they had not yet won independence), Cameroun, Guinea,
4549:
experience", creating bonds of black identity across the globe. From a pan-African perspective, hip-hop culture can be a conduit to authenticate a black identity, and in doing so, creates a unifying and uplifting force among Africans that pan-Africanism sets out to achieve.
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also marked the establishment of a new foreign policy of non-alignment between the US and USSR, and the will to establish an "African Identity" in global affairs by advocating unity between the African States on international relations. "This would be based on the
3181:), the end of the 19th century birthed an intercontinental pro-African political movement that sought to unify disparate campaigns in the goal to end oppression. Another important political form of a religious pan-Africanist worldview appeared in the form of
4552:
An expansion in the popularity of hip-hop culture in the 21st century has also increased the role hip-hop is playing for pan-African solidarity across the diaspora although the opportunity for a greater Pan-African involvement remains. At a conference at
4392:. To the CAA's dismay, the proposals introduced by the U.S. government to the conference in April/May 1945 set no clear limits on the duration of colonialism and no motions towards allowing territorial possessions to move towards self-government.
7222:
4487:, and other forms of oppression. In this area of study, both the actual history and the legacy of that history are studied as a single discourse. The emphasis in the historical narrative is on African agents, as opposed to non-African agents.
4411:(1903–70), were subjected to harassment, indictments, and in the case of Hunton, imprisonment. Under the weight of internal disputes, government repression, and financial hardships, the Council on African Affairs disbanded in 1955.
3527:
the support of liberation movements, was Algeria's President Ben Bella, immediately "donated 100 million francs to its finances and was one of the first countries, of the Organisation to boycott Portuguese and South African goods".
6198:
Christian, Mark (January 2019). "Charles Quist-Adade and Wendy Royal, eds., Re-engaging the African Diasporas: Pan-Africanism in the Age of Globalization . Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2016. Pp. 377. $ 74.00 (cloth)".
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that directly affect them. By creating more engagement between Africans and people of African ancestry to policymakers, TransAfrica seeks to create more sustainable, independent, and progressive development for these ethnic
3974:
An important theme running through much pan-Africanist literature concerns the historical links between different countries on the continent and the benefits of cooperation as a way of resisting imperialism and colonialism.
3752:, believing it would effectively combat the widespread abandonment of families by fathers, thus relieving the physical burden mothers faced in Guinea. On the international level, Cissé was the first African president of the
3995:
4544:
describes hip-hop culture as the product of a pan-African state of mind. It is an "ethnic enclave/empowerment zone that has served as a foothold for the poorest among us to get a grip on the land of the prosperous".
3790:(WIDF) and the Wom'n's International League for Peace and Freedom. She also became embroiled in the politics of Ghana, where she became a friend of the leading African voice on Pan Africanism and president of Ghana,
3083:. Pan-Africanists believe that solidarity will enable the continent to fulfil its potential to independently provide for all its people. Crucially, an all-African alliance would empower African people globally.
3743:. In response to rapidly increasing birth rates, while in government, she stressed the importance of family planning and legislated sex education in Guinea's primary schools, despite strong opposition from the
6774:"NEGROES ADOPT BILL OF RIGHTS: Convention Approves Plan for African Republic and Sets to Work on Preparation of Constitution of the Colored Race Negro Complaints Aggression Condemned Recognition Demanded".
3687:
where she encouraged solidarity among women across the continent and demanded the inclusion of African American women into the conversation, emphasising that they too were committed to liberating Africa.
2904:, share not merely a common history, but a common destiny." Pan-Africanist intellectual, cultural, and political movements tend to view all Africans and descendants of Africans as belonging to a single "
3950:
Additionally, pan-Africanism is seen as an endeavour to return to what is deemed by its proponents as singular, traditional African concepts about culture, society, and values. Examples of this include
3627:
Pan-Africanism has seen the contribution of numerous female African activists throughout its lifespan, despite the systemic lack of attention paid to them by scholars and male pan-Africanist alike.
3760:, and Apartheid in South Africa. She also drafted and helped pass the UN Convention on Consent and Minimum Age for Marriage in 1964, which provided a wide framework for legislation across Africa.
3518:
opposing apartheid and fighting Portuguese colonialism. In search of a united voice, in 1963 at an African Summit conference in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 32 African states met and established the
2586:
4528:. The philosophy encourages the reclamation of traditional African thought with the belief it will empower Afro-descendants to sustain their fight against racism and other fundamental issues.
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assumed the mantle of leader of the Pan-Africanist movement and became the most outspoken advocate of African Unity, like Nkrumah before him – for the advent of a "United States of Africa".
3398:, Ghana. This Conference invited delegates of political movements and major political leaders. With the exception of South Africa, all independent states of the African continent attended:
2518:
3846:
to help Africa's youth improve literacy outcomes. The results have been widespread with Ubongo claiming that 24 million children have displayed enhanced learning outcomes and a study in
3462:
trade unionist and anti-colonial activist, also attended this conference. This visit inspired him to increase the pace of political activity aimed at agitating for Kenya's independence.
6665:
Aniche, Ernest (July 3, 2015). "Post-Neo-Functionalism, Pan-Africanism and Regional Integration in Africa: Prospects and Challenges of the Proposed Tripartite Free Trade Area (T-FTA)".
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3834:'s guiding philosophy is Pan-Africanism, as he firmly believes in rebuilding bridges with the African Diaspora, viewing Africa as the Mother Continent and birthplace of humankind.
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the experience of people of African ancestry. They also point to the difficulties of reconciling current divisions within countries on the continent and within communities in the
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production and animal husbandry. To this end practices, technologies and utilities for water management have to be implemented on residential, municipal and national levels.
3870:
has set for the continent in the 21st century is improving long-term economic growth. Major steps have been taken to address this issue particularly with the creation of the
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of being a "committee of dictators" that doesn't protect the rights of Africans. African leaders who served as chairpersons of the Organization of African Unity and the
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4502:. Another newer movement that has evolved from the early Afrocentric school is the Afrisecal movement or Afrisecaism of Francis Ohanyido, a Nigerian philosopher-poet.
2553:
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of the 19th century. Based on the belief that unity is vital to economic, social, and political progress, it aims to "unify and uplift" people of African ancestry.
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and this struggle may be traced back to the first resistance on slave ships—rebellions and suicides—through the constant plantation and colonial uprisings and the
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Another flag that inspired pan-African groups is the horizontal tricolor of green, yellow and red. This colour combination was originally adopted from the 1897
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in a military uniform as the "Provisional President of Africa" during a parade on the opening day of the annual Convention of the Negro Peoples of the World on
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and concerns were listened to. More than 300 people, 74 percent of whom were women, attended the pre-Congress meeting. This meeting was primarily attended by
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is an aspect of pan-African studies. The term collectively refers to 500 years of suffering (including the present) of people of African heritage through
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Roy-Campbell, Zaline Makini. "Pan-African Women Organising for the Future: The Formation of the Pan-African Women's Liberation Organisation and Beyond".
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4089:. Several pan-African organizations and movements have also often employed the emblematic red, black and green tri-color scheme in variety of contexts.
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3710:. The racist and segregated environment shaped her activism on systemic oppression in South Africa. In June 1885 she married Edmund Ndosa Kinloch, a
3332:. Outside his writings, Azikiwe actively participated in pan-African politics, promulgating intellectually, in person around the Black Atlantic from
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has emerged as a powerful force that has partly shaped black identity worldwide. In his 2005 article "Hip-hop Turns 30: Whatcha Celebratin' For?",
6005:"Fela's Foundation: Examining the Revolutionary Songs of Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti and the Abeokuta Market Women's Movement in 1940s Western Nigeria"
5967:"Fela's Foundation: Examining the Revolutionary Songs of Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti and the Abeokuta Market Women's Movement in 1940s Western Nigeria"
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groups. The social justice group raises awareness of diasporan happenings through legal action and educating Afro-descendants on the domestic and
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The African Union has also sought to make changes on policies involving movement within the continent. Similar to the current agreement in the
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are successfully creating naturally re-generated areas that provide safe and clean water for rural populations while at the same time growing
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5729:"Significant Black South Africans in Britain before 1921: Pan-African Organisations and the Emergence of South Africa's First Black Lawyers"
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was the first international organization to draw attention to the negative impact of structural adjustment on the poor, particularly women.
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pre-existing Pan African Women's Organisation primarily consisted of the wives of heads of states, ministers, and other high-ranking women.
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Kawaida, a Swahili word meaning "usually", is a pan-Africanist nationalist and academic movement that was created during the height of the
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in the 1980s, which is an ideology that specifically focuses on black women's achievements and gains, similar to the ones mentioned below.
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have been accused of severe human rights violations while using Pan-Africanist rhetoric to legitimize their authority. Malawian economist
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Countless scientists, engineers and other experts work in the water sectors to provide for the local populations and the industry. A new
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Nelson, Sarah (March 1, 2014). "The New Type of Senegalese under construction: Fadel Barro and Aliou Sane on Yenamarrisme after Wade".
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elite which doesn't concern itself with the interests of ordinary Africans. Kenyan left-wing journalist Philip Ochieng wrote in 1971,
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Abrahamsen, Rita (January 2020). "Internationalists, sovereigntists, nativists: Contending visions of world order in Pan-Africanism".
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principles and tend to be opposed to external political and economic involvement on the continent. Critics accuse the ideology of
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Nor does it matter if the same masses know anything about the movement. Pan Africanism was a movement of a self-interested class.
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continent". This period represented a "golden age of high pan-African ambitions"; the continent had experienced revolution and
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Austin, David (Fall 2007). "All Roads Led to Montreal: Black Power, the Caribbean and the Black Radical Tradition in Canada".
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series of meetings followed 1900's First Pan-African Conference that was held in London. A meeting of the Congress in 1919 in
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that dealt with the oppression of Africans in South Africa under Apartheid rule. Other pan-Africanist organisations include:
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3261:(1st Pan-African Congress), 1921 in London (2nd Pan-African Congress), 1923 in London (3rd Pan-African Congress), 1927 in
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beginning of 20th-century Pan-Africanism. Dr Tshepo Mvulane Moloi calls Kinloch the "founding mother of Pan-Africanism".
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Pan-Africanism in Barbados: An Analysis of the Activities of the Major 20th-century Pan-African Formations in Barbados
4562:, which was a collection of mainly Senegalese rap artists that are attributed with helping to remove former President
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which led to a resolution being passed that demanded the British government to end racial oppression in South Africa.
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6162:"'For their freedoms': The anti-imperialist and international feminist activity of Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti of Nigeria"
6124:"'For their freedoms': The anti-imperialist and international feminist activity of Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti of Nigeria"
6086:"'For their freedoms': The anti-imperialist and international feminist activity of Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti of Nigeria"
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from Western powers and the narrative of rebirth and solidarity had gained momentum within the pan-African movement.
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Some universities went as far as creating "Departments of Pan-African Studies" in the late 1960s. This includes the
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6572:"Edward Wilmot Blyden and Panafricanism: The Ideological Roots of Islam and Black Nationalism in the United States"
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3647:. Amy Jacques Garvey used her platform to spread Pan-Africanism globally and used her position as editor for the
2290:
2157:
1975:
1902:
804:
789:
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395:
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Pan-Africanism has cast a pall of darkness on horrendous deeds by African dictators from corruption to genocide.
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10355:
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9797:
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8608:
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6459:"Pan-Africanism in the 21st century: African union and the challenges of cooperation and integration in Africa"
4695:
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3657:
was another pan-Africanist. In order to fight against racism towards black people in Britain, Jones set up the
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was a significant gathering, which brought together anti-colonial activists from the African continent and the
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The Pan-African Affairs Commission for Pan-African Affairs, a unit within the Office of the Prime Minister of
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9492:
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8262:
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7248:
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4817:
4218:
4135:
4086:
3859:
3639:, was heavily involved in other Pan-Africanism organisations, such as the anti-colonial and anti-imperialist
3519:
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2967:
Pan-Africanism stresses the need for "collective self-reliance". Pan-Africanism exists as a governmental and
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1907:
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204:
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called Azikiwe (Zik) "the biggest danger of the lot." Zik drew his inspiration on the pan-African ideas of
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3324:. In his publication "Renascent Africa", he offered a vague program for a "New Africa," modeled on the New
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8990:
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7075:"Pan African Women's Organization | UIA Yearbook Profile | Union of International Associations"
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1598:
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410:
332:
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17:
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Kwame Nkrumah and Félix Houphouët-Boigny : divergent perspectives on African independence and unity
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9149:
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8724:
8681:
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8186:
4369:
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2139:
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1847:
1749:
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1388:
834:
169:
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Blain, Keisha N.; Leeds, Asia; Taylor, Asia Y. (2016). "'Women, Gender Politics and Pan-Africanism'".
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10953:
9917:
9248:
9054:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8709:
8638:
8559:
8242:
8207:
7194:
6527:
Phakathi, Mlungisi (August 13, 2019). "African Union Migration Policies: A Route to African Unity?".
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4243:
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2908:" or otherwise sharing cultural unity. Pan-Africanism posits a sense of a shared historical fate for
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515:
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finding an association between improved mathematics skills and children consuming Ubongo's content.
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11013:
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9954:
9598:
9456:
9274:
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8980:
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8398:
8147:
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7148:
5775:"Book Review -The Pan African Pantheon: Prophets, Poets and Philosophers Edited by Adekeye Adebajo"
3913:
3775:
3724:
3707:
3380:
3243:
3221:
3210:
2940:
2190:
1970:
1817:
1701:
1475:
1356:
1184:
651:
4624:, a weekly African financial newspaper. It claims to be the first pan-African financial newspaper.
3842:
which is Africa's largest manufacturer of educational content for children and uses shows such as
3695:
lobbied policymakers to highlight that Caribbean women were the poorest in the Caribbean and that
11125:
10936:
10661:
10582:
10565:
10256:
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8423:
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8267:
8227:
7856:
7802:
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3825:
sites where this production is taking place. In July 2015, Motswana satirical writer and speaker
3675:, were influenced by Jones as she incorporated Marxist- Leninist philosophy into Pan-Africanism.
3454:
was declared and the full support of the FLN struggle in Algeria, against French colonial rule".
3239:
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2894:
2704:
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2109:
2069:
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6870:
We are an African people : independent education, black power, and the radical imagination
5704:
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4515:
4345:
4320:
4227:
3763:
3020:
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2909:
2900:
At its core, pan-Africanism is a belief that "African people, both on the continent and in the
2836:
The red, black and green flag, associated with Pan-Africanism and designed by the UNIA in 1920.
1403:
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1373:
1010:
814:
769:
754:
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709:
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227:
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Pan-Africanism can be said to have its origins in the struggles of the African people against
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6363:
5666:
5642:
5598:
Pan Africanism in the African Diaspora: An Analysis of Modern Afrocentric Political Movements
5166:"First-hand accounts from slavers - The abolitionist campaigns - National 5 History Revision"
5117:
4999:
4835:
4661:
3983:
3604:
2874:, the movement extends beyond continental Africans with a substantial support base among the
2845:
2027:
2017:
1949:
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1101:
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724:
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489:
10654:
52:
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10326:
9744:
8623:
8324:
8277:
8007:
7931:
7896:
6475:
6458:
5240:
No Easy Victories: African Liberation and American Activists over a Half Century, 1950–2000
5165:
4521:
3917:
3612:
3611:
only three were women. Due to the lack of representation paid to women in Pan- Africanism,
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3317:
3305:
3254:
3000:
2972:
2871:
2783:
2235:
1480:
1272:
1205:
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580:
539:
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257:
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79:
5119:
African Philosophy and Thought Systems: A Search for a Culture and Philosophy of Belonging
3547:
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8:
10983:
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8628:
8571:
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7705:
6290:"Pan-Africanism as a laughing matter: (Funny) expressions of African identity on Twitter"
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199:
117:
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107:
84:
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7411:
Clay, Andreana. "Keepin' it Real: Black Youth, Hip-Hop Culture, and Black Identity". In
6387:"The relationship between educational television and mathematics capability in Tanzania"
5254:"A gilded cage? Nnamdi Azikiwe's Pan-Africanism as governor-general of Nigeria, 1960–63"
3766:(FRK) was born in 1900 and studied in England in 1922. She returned to her home town of
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Onyebuchi Eze, Michael (September 2013). "Pan-Africanism and the Politics of History".
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cracked down on its operations. In 1953, the CAA was charged with subversion under the
4051:. The UNIA formally adopted it on August 13, 1920, during its month-long convention at
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3182:
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967:
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405:
122:
6540:
5205:
5114:
Pan-Africanism and Its Detractors: A Response to Harvard's Race Effacing Universalists
3367:
helped to organise the Congress meeting and played a crucial role in the conferences.
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10634:
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10597:
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9782:
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6603:"Sculpting a Pan-African Culture in the Art of NĂ©gritude: A Model for African Artist"
6571:
6548:
6484:
6412:
6358:"Ubongo Launches Words and Sounds with Akili to Promote Pan-African Early Literacy".
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137:
127:
36:
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7010:
Nationalism and national projects in Southern Africa : new critical reflections
5269:
5235:
5189:
3651:
to write a column called "Our Women and what they think", dedicated to black women.
3090:
Advocates of pan-Africanism—i.e. "pan-Africans" or "pan-Africanists"—often champion
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11065:
11055:
10676:
10520:
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10377:
9461:
9159:
9096:
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8057:
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7851:
7720:
7578:
The Pan-African Movement. A history of Pan-Africanism in America, Europe and Africa
7283:
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6470:
6398:
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6208:
6173:
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5308:
5265:
5084:
4909:
4785:
4670:
4450:
4446:
4404:
4172:
ethno-religious differences and conflicts that exist among Africans (especially in
4131:
was a staunch opponent of Nkrumah, and the two came into conflict with each other.
4093:
4022:
4007:
3962:
3895:
3309:
3080:
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1822:
1802:
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991:
882:
714:
676:
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448:
372:
242:
89:
7337:
African Collective - African News, Black Owned Businesses, African Events Globally
6757:"25,000 NEGROES CONVENE.; International Gathering Will Prepare Own Bill of Rights"
5658:
5312:
5116:, Harvard University Press (1998), cited in Mawere, Munyaradzi; Tapuwa R. Mubaya,
4955:
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10874:
10854:
10812:
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1706:
1106:
932:
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839:
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671:
641:
495:
342:
337:
322:
287:
7886:
7272:"African American Folklore: Its Role in Reconstructing African American History"
6783:
4186:
11050:
11045:
10884:
10869:
10847:
10827:
10787:
10720:
10479:
10402:
10231:
10209:
10110:
9466:
9337:
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9287:
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8785:
8438:
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8112:
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7956:
7946:
7881:
7841:
7750:
7287:
7161:
6177:
6139:
6101:
5842:
4840:
Pan Africanism: Politics, Economy and Social Change in the Twenty-first Century
4586:
of experts who understand the water-soil-tree nexus or the building-water-tree
4563:
4389:
4349:
4139:
4074:
3944:
3932:
3878:
3812:
43 percent of the population of Africa uses the internet and social media with
3692:
3668:
3486:
3345:
3325:
3293:
3273:
3190:
3167:
3036:
3016:
3012:
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2114:
2084:
1842:
1663:
907:
646:
357:
302:
277:
272:
247:
232:
7552:
Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora Since 1787
7430:
5378:
Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora Since 1787
4913:
11119:
11008:
10998:
10909:
10817:
10767:
10730:
10693:
10449:
10424:
10392:
10387:
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10372:
9435:
9393:
9154:
8838:
8490:
8336:
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8132:
8127:
8107:
8087:
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8027:
7941:
7926:
7906:
7891:
7871:
7629:
7557:
7431:"Pan-Africanism in the 21st Century, Challenges and Prospects - Part 1 of 10"
7199:
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women, who set their own agenda, which was focused on women's issues such as
3567:
It was not until the Seventh Pan-African Congress in 1994, which was held in
3551:
3375:
3341:
3313:
3277:
3262:
3133:
3064:
3052:
3044:
3032:
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2758:
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922:
867:
481:
367:
347:
317:
307:
297:
292:
194:
27:
Movement to encourage and strengthen bonds between people of African ancestry
7377:"A Kawaida Rightful Reading of History: Culture, Consciousness and Struggle"
6306:
6289:
5960:
5958:
5348:
African Intellectuals: Rethinking Politics, Language, Gender and Development
4114:
Pan-Africanism has been accused of being a movement of the African educated
3242:, later renamed the Pan-African Association, was established around 1897 by
11085:
10993:
10782:
10777:
10639:
10607:
10474:
10454:
10439:
10434:
10414:
10367:
10055:
9179:
8795:
8117:
8042:
7831:
7715:
6912:"Pan – Africanism and the rising ethnic distrust in Nigeria: An assessment"
5088:
5071:(1988). "Pan-Africanism: A Brief History of An Idea in the African World".
4995:
4620:
4495:
4381:
4377:
4288:
4018:
3593:
3490:
3451:
3431:
3269:(5th Pan-African Congress) advanced the issue of decolonisation in Africa.
3214:
3137:
3095:
2956:
2890:
2242:
2054:
1782:
1645:
1111:
1096:
892:
877:
862:
631:
458:
267:
252:
132:
7782:
6974:"Kwame Nkrumah and the Panafrican Vision: Between Acceptance and Rebuttal"
5861:
5600:, African American Life Series, Wayne State University Press, 1997, p. 68.
4789:
4706:
4065:
have been applied to create flags in various countries and territories in
3957:
148:
11038:
10968:
10958:
10931:
10894:
10570:
10542:
10505:
10484:
10429:
10311:
10150:
10100:
9174:
9091:
8805:
8790:
8304:
7992:
7916:
7776:
7591:
5955:
5223:
Geographies of Liberation: The Making of an Afro-Arab Political Imaginary
4712:
4484:
4480:
4442:
4424:
4385:
3635:
3333:
3297:
3163:
3121:
2944:
2925:
2920:, and on the continent, itself centered on the Atlantic trade in slaves,
2917:
2408:
2064:
1917:
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1581:
912:
902:
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438:
67:
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6058:
6042:
6020:
6004:
5982:
5966:
5941:
5925:
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4979:
4073:
to represent Black Nationalist ideologies. Among these are the flags of
3982:, where that department was founded in 1969 as a direct reaction to the
3711:
11060:
11023:
10963:
10926:
10920:
10592:
10587:
10510:
9990:
8092:
8002:
7295:
7271:
7060:
6403:
6386:
5236:"From the Sixth Pan-African Congress to the Free South Africa Movement"
4373:
3771:
3435:
3266:
3224:
3202:
3151:
3128:
3028:
2968:
2856:
2855:
is a worldwide movement that aims to encourage and strengthen bonds of
1513:
1252:
1071:
962:
952:
8300:
Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League
7644:
4934:
4333:
Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League
3941:
Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League
3663:, which sought to cover topics such as the realities of South African
3238:
Modern pan-Africanism began around the start of the 20th century. The
10644:
10560:
10241:
10115:
8082:
8077:
7921:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7536:
7393:
7074:
5351:, Dakar: Codesria/London: Zed Books, p. 58. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
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4115:
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1036:
942:
917:
362:
327:
312:
164:
159:
154:
142:
5617:"Pan-Africanism, feminism, and finding missing Pan-Africanist women"
5208:, PADEAP (Pan African Development Education and Advocacy Programme).
5001:
Pan-Africanism, and the Politics of African Citizenship and Identity
3536:
11099:
11075:
11028:
10530:
8473:
7836:
6212:
4655:
4591:
4583:
4302:
4147:
4097:
4070:
3920:), pan-Africanism referred to the unity of all continental Africa.
3904:
3847:
3813:
3783:
3782:, became a world-renowned musician and founder of the genre called
3767:
3749:
3513:
In 1962, Algeria gained independence from French colonial rule and
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3099:
2913:
2867:
2832:
2124:
2049:
2042:
1076:
1066:
352:
282:
8501:
7256:
5926:"Femmes, Pouvoir et Prise de DĂ©cision En Afrique Au Sud Du Sahara"
4031:
One of the earliest flags used to represent pan-Africanism is the
10192:
8418:
7653:
6744:"The Declaration of the Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World"
4813:"Pan Africanism, Myth and History in African and Caribbean Drama"
4498:
pan-Africanism is espoused by Kwabena Faheem Ashanti in his book
4476:
4432:
4173:
3821:
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3503:
3499:
3443:
3423:
3419:
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3155:
2952:
2886:
2212:
1518:
590:
9404:
10140:
8532:
7796:
7755:
7648:
6723:
6594:
6502:"Many more Africans are migrating within Africa than to Europe"
6043:"Igbo Women and Political Participation in Nigeria, 1800s-2005"
5225:, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014, p. 71.
5005:
4449:
that strives to provide political and economic aid to those of
4356:
4066:
4035:(Universal Negro Improvement Association) flag, is a tri-color
3987:
3735:
3696:
3577:
3568:
3482:
3186:
3159:
3141:
2864:
2119:
428:
175:
6685:
Pan Africanism, regional integration and development in Africa
6642:
Pan Africanism, regional integration and development in Africa
4309:
African Society for Cultural Relations with Independent Africa
4039:
consisting of three equal horizontal bands of (from top-down)
11070:
9807:
6910:
Obi-Ani, Ngozika Anthonia; Obi-Ani, Paul (October 10, 2019).
5843:"Emotional Diplomacy and Human Rights at the United Nations'"
5695:
Harris, Bonita (1996). "Caribbean Women and Pan-Africanism".
5238:, in William Minter, Gail Hovey, and Charles Cobb Jr. (eds),
5199:
5058:, GlobalPost, October 21, 2009. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
4500:
The Psychotechnology of Brainwashing: Crucifying Willie Lynch
4472:
4198:
4048:
4044:
3900:
3756:
in 1972 and succeeded in passing two resolutions, condemning
3744:
3459:
3427:
3415:
3407:
3399:
3395:
3371:
3285:
3281:
3258:
1892:
7488:"'Les Afriques': le nouveau journal de la finance africaine"
5643:"Mothers of Pan-Africanism: Audley Moore and Dara Abubakari"
4570:
through the mass electoral mobilization of Senegal's youth.
3288:
established him as the most prominent pan-Africanist in the
5103:
4608:
Further information on Pan-African film festivals see:
4036:
1922:
6746:, Wikisource, The Free Library. Retrieved October 6, 2007.
4506:
is sometimes associated with this form of Pan-Africanism.
7608:
Pan-African Connection: From Slavery to Garvey and Beyond
4040:
3523:
2971:
objective. Pan-African advocates include leaders such as
8273:
Pan-African Freedom Movement for East and Central Africa
7600:, revised edition, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1965.
7564:
Habilitation, EVA, Frankfurt am Main, 1968, English as:
5327:"Biography of Ghana's first President, Dr Kwame Nkrumah"
4462:
4138:
have been accused by people such as Tanzanian president
4127:
threat to their national sovereignty. Ivorian president
3858:
Pan-African thought influenced the establishment of the
2931:
Pan-African thought influenced the establishment of the
7114:
6047:
The International Journal of African Historical Studies
5888:
5886:
5388:
5386:
5359:
5357:
555:
6380:
5722:
5720:
4610:
Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou
4179:
4237:
3801:
3702:
Alice Victoria Alexander Kinloch was born in 1863 in
8288:
Popular and Social League of the Great Sahara Tribes
5883:
5383:
5354:
4637:
3622:
7562:
Panafrikanismus. Zur Geschichte der Dekolonisation.
7154:
7124:
7122:
5717:
4431:of kawaida, and is perhaps best known for creating
2715:
Unarmed African Americans killed by police officers
6824:
6733:, African American Studies at Syracuse University.
5341:
5339:
5108:
5106:
9824:Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
7094:. New Academia Publishing, LLC. pp. 99–102.
5482:
5480:
4990:
4988:
11117:
7617:, Vol. 4, Issue 2 (Fall 2016), pp. 139–145.
7613:Blain N. Keisha, Asia Leeds, and Ula Y. Taylor,
7396:, "Hip-hop Turns 30: Whatcha Celebratin' For?",
7119:
6626:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
6616:(6). Archived from the original on June 1, 2015.
5733:South African Historical Journal: The ANC at 100
5567:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. p. 368.
5518:
5516:
5514:
5512:
5298:
4445:is a non-profit organization founded in 1977 by
3945:International People's Democratic Uhuru Movement
3806:
3442:party attended the conference as a delegate for
3387:adopted a political discourse of regional unity
9865:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
6288:Cheruiyot, David; Uppal, Charu (June 1, 2019).
5336:
4982:, The Pan-African Parliament – 2014 and beyond.
6909:
6644:. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. 2020. p. 18.
6287:
6084:Johnson-Odim, Cheryl (January–February 2009).
5477:
5367:, New York, etc.: Frederick A. Praeger, p. 41.
4985:
4810:
4755:List of topics related to the African diaspora
4395:Liberal supporters abandoned the CAA, and the
4100:is the continent's oldest independent nation.
3199:Thoughts and Sentiments on the Evil of Slavery
1442:Education of freed people during the Civil War
10071:
9420:
8517:
7669:
7046:
6687:. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. 2020. p. 20.
6259:Essoungou, André-Michel (December 15, 2010).
5772:
5509:
5506:| May 25. BBC News. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
5500:"African states unite against the white rule"
4490:
4110:List of active separatist movements in Africa
3916:(although some historians credit the idea to
3866:) in 1963. One of the biggest goals that the
2813:
1144:
516:
10085:
9860:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
7310:
6463:Brazilian Journal of International Relations
6159:
6121:
6083:
5892:
5836:
5834:
5806:
5307:(2). University of Illinois Press: 139–145.
4994:
4597:
4524:by Africana professor, author, and activist
4403:. Its principal leaders, including Robeson,
2870:. Based on a common goal dating back to the
1453:Historically black colleges and universities
7081:
6863:
6861:
6859:
5565:Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction
3788:Women's International Democratic Federation
3706:, South Africa, before her family moved to
3481:In 1959, Nkrumah, President Sékou Touré of
3320:and his allies in the National Congress of
2848:, sometimes associated with Pan-Maghrebism.
1437:Education during the slave period in the US
10078:
10064:
9668:African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
9427:
9413:
8524:
8510:
7676:
7662:
7485:
7330:
7032:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6957:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6916:Ianna Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies
6892:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5726:
5333:, March 8, 2016. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
5242:, Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press.
4899:
4388:independence under the trusteeship of the
4212:
3633:, who founded the international newspaper
3560:After the death of Kwame Nkrumah in 1972,
2820:
2806:
1760:National Black Caucus of State Legislators
1151:
1137:
523:
509:
8258:Organisation of African Trade Union Unity
7615:Women, Gender Politics and Pan-Africanism
6989:
6474:
6402:
6391:British Journal of Educational Technology
6305:
6258:
6197:
5831:
5708:
5407:The Politics of The Independence of Kenya
4857:, p. 235, South Africa: New Africa Books.
4811:Oloruntoba-Oju, Omotayo (December 2012).
4134:Pan-Africanist organisations such as the
1216:Slavery in the colonial history of the US
73:Stolen African art in Western collections
8218:All-African People's Revolutionary Party
7638:) is being considered for deletion. See
7331:Collective, African (October 31, 2023).
7269:
7003:
7001:
6932:
6867:
6856:
6600:
6526:
6079:
6077:
6075:
6002:
5964:
5802:
5800:
5614:
5577:
4866:
4257:All-African People's Revolutionary Party
4185:
4017:
3894:
3872:African Continental Free Trade Agreement
3734:was instrumental in the independence of
3671:. Notable male Pan-Africanists, such as
3546:
3535:
3390:In April 1958, Nkrumah hosted the first
3265:(4th Pan-African Congress), and 1945 in
3127:
3111:
2839:
2831:
10746:Ethiopian national identity nationalism
7977:I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson
7597:Pan-Africanism: A Short Political Guide
7374:
7087:
7007:
6971:
6330:"Burna Boy: The Afropolitan troubadour"
6201:The Journal of African American History
5610:
5608:
5606:
5365:Pan-Africanism: a short political guide
4573:
4363:
14:
11118:
10741:Eritrean national identity nationalism
7451:
7425:
7423:
6905:
6903:
6664:
6601:Campbell, Crystal Z. (December 2006).
6569:
6476:10.36311/2237-7743.2021.v10n2.p283-311
6457:Wapmuk, Sharkdam (November 30, 2021).
6456:
6428:"Africa for Africans: A Lost Promise?"
6261:"A social media boom begins in Africa"
6160:Johnson-Odim (January–February 2009).
6122:Johnson-Odim (January–February 2009).
5694:
5640:
5537:
5251:
5067:
4887:New Dictionary of the History of Ideas
4773:
4327:Marcus Garvey People's Political Party
4001:
3996:master's degree in Pan African Studies
3592:, the term is closely associated with
3438:, freedom fighter and a member of the
11171:Regionalism (international relations)
10293:Ecuadorian-Peruvian-Bolivian unionism
10059:
9817:Specialised agencies and institutions
9408:
8505:
7657:
7162:"Philosophy, Principles, and Program"
6998:
6822:
6816:
6496:
6494:
6452:
6450:
6448:
6425:
6353:
6351:
6283:
6281:
6072:
6040:
5923:
5840:
5797:
5562:
5522:Evans, M., & J. Phillips (2008).
5219:"The Contingencies of Pan-Africanism"
4463:Pan-African concepts and philosophies
4315:Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement
4063:Variations of the pan-African colours
3758:Israel's aggression against Palestine
1958:Athletic associations and conferences
1447:History of African-American education
780:League of Revolutionary Black Workers
10667:Federalisation of the European Union
9566:Permanent Representatives' Committee
8253:International African Service Bureau
7486:Gbadamassi, Falila (July 11, 2007).
7320:. African Resource. October 7, 2006.
5697:African Journal of Political Science
5647:Women, Gender, and Families of Color
5603:
5580:African Journal of Political Science
4096:, and was inspired by the fact that
3641:International African Service Bureau
3276:'s anti-colonial writings from the
1881:Association for the Study of African
9975:Single African Air Transport Market
9970:African Continental Free Trade Area
8531:
8294:Rassemblement DĂ©mocratique Africain
7420:
7223:"What African Holocaust? - Opinion"
7192:
6972:Kam Kah, Henry (October 27, 2016).
6900:
6235:"Africa: internet penetration 2021"
6166:Women's Studies International Forum
6128:Women's Studies International Forum
6090:Women's Studies International Forum
5965:Shonekan, Stephanie (Spring 2009).
5528:, Yale University Press, pp. 97–98.
5376:Adi, H., & M. Sherwood (2003).
5301:Women, Gender and Families of Color
4777:Journal of African American History
4455:foreign policy of the United States
4295:
4250:Rassemblement DĂ©mocratique Africain
4180:Political parties and organizations
3838:the continent. The most popular is
3316:, as well as West Africans such as
3193:was a political group addressed by
3173:Coinciding with numerous New World
2695:Race and ethnicity in the US census
2196:African-American Vernacular English
1765:National Conference of Black Mayors
1102:United States civil rights movement
785:Lowndes County Freedom Organization
24:
8223:All-African Trade Union Federation
7683:
7610:, Dover: The Majority Press, 1985.
7580:, New York: Africana Publ., 1974,
7375:Karenga, Maulana (July 18, 2019).
7255:. February 8, 2007. Archived from
6798:"What Are The Pan-African Colors?"
6610:The Journal of Pan African Studies
6588:10.1111/j.1478-1913.1997.tb03292.x
6491:
6445:
6348:
6278:
5525:Algeria: Anger of the Dispossessed
4842:, New York University Press, 1996.
4273:All-African Trade Union Federation
4238:Political groups and organizations
3802:Pan-Africanism in the 21st century
1898:National Black Chamber of Commerce
25:
11182:
10704:Unification of Albania and Kosovo
9434:
9170:Confederation of African Football
8283:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
7642:to help reach a consensus. ›
7621:
7358:"Kawaida | Encyclopedia.com"
7220:
4516:African philosophy § Kawaida
4355:Pan-African Women's Association (
4267:All Africa Conference of Churches
3623:Important women in pan-Africanism
3478:and on loyalty to UN decisions."
2602:Places by plurality of population
1268:Civil rights movement (1954–1968)
1258:Civil rights movement (1865–1896)
1211:Abolitionism in the United States
999:Black Power and the American Myth
825:Revolutionary Black Panther Party
10040:
10039:
9890:African Union–Ethiopia relations
9571:Specialized Technical Committees
8484:
8472:
8462:
8461:
8452:
8451:
7479:
7445:
7405:
7387:
7368:
7193:Cho, Nancy (December 18, 2009).
6529:Journal of African Union Studies
6426:Abdou, Ibrahim (March 1, 2022).
6294:Journal of African Media Studies
5615:Nangwaya, Ajamu (May 26, 2016).
4654:
4640:
4628:Pan African Writers' Association
4467:
4384:, there would be a move towards
4262:Pan-African Women's Organization
3853:
3205:. They wrote to figures such as
3197:in the 1791 edition of his book
3059:, grassroots organizers such as
2876:African diaspora in the Americas
2777:
1299:Black Belt in the American South
740:Black Revolutionary Assault Team
700:African People's Socialist Party
554:
484:
476:
51:
10237:Netherlands-Indonesian unionism
8409:All-African Peoples' Conference
7501:
7350:
7324:
7263:
7249:"The MAAFA (African Holocaust)"
7241:
7214:
7186:
7172:
7138:
7108:
7067:
7040:
6965:
6926:
6868:Rickford, Russell John (2016).
6790:
6767:
6749:
6736:
6724:The M.A. in Pan African Studies
6717:
6691:
6677:
6658:
6634:
6563:
6520:
6419:
6385:; Vignoles, Anna (March 2021).
6374:
6322:
6252:
6227:
6191:
6153:
6115:
6034:
5996:
5917:
5766:
5688:
5634:
5590:
5571:
5556:
5531:
5493:
5474:, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
5464:
5451:
5438:
5425:
5412:
5399:
5370:
5319:
5292:
5270:10.14321/jwestafrihist.7.1.0001
5258:Journal of West African History
5245:
5228:
5211:
5190:"The History of Pan-Africanism"
5183:
5158:
5133:
5048:
5033:
4973:
4902:Review of International Studies
4728:List of ethnic groups of Africa
4427:. It is based on the synthetic
3754:United Nations Security Council
3643:. She also helped organise the
3392:All-African Peoples' Conference
1903:National Council of Negro Women
805:National Joint Action Committee
790:May 19th Communist Organization
10356:Union of Arab Republics (1972)
10227:League of East European States
7115:Pan African Women Association.
6570:Turner, Richard Brent (1997).
5773:Mvulane Moloi, Tshepo (2020).
5252:Reeves, Mark (March 1, 2021).
5122:, Langaa RPCIG (2016), p. 89.
4948:
4928:
4893:
4879:
4860:
4851:Frick, Janari, et al. (2006),
4845:
4829:
4818:Journal of Pan African Studies
4804:
4767:
4401:McCarran Internal Security Act
2700:Racism against Black Americans
13:
1:
11136:African and Black nationalism
10576:Anglo-American unificationism
10022:United States of Latin Africa
9716:Rural Economy and Agriculture
9493:Organisation of African Unity
8434:United States of Latin Africa
8263:Organisation of African Unity
8192:African Leadership University
7627:
7417:, Vol. 46.10 (2003): 1346–58.
7414:American Behavioral Scientist
6776:The Christian Science Monitor
6541:10.31920/2050-4306/2019/8n2a2
5893:Martin-Cisse, Jeanne (1980).
5807:Martin-Cisse, Jeanne (1980).
5667:10.5406/womgenfamcol.4.2.0274
5659:10.5406/womgenfamcol.4.2.0274
5313:10.5406/womgenfamcol.4.2.0139
5206:The History of Pan Africanism
4761:
4219:Organisation of African Unity
4136:Organization of African Unity
3860:Organisation of African Unity
3807:Social media and the internet
3717:Aborigines Protection Society
3520:Organisation of African Unity
3465:In the years following 1958,
2933:Organisation of African Unity
1908:National Pan-Hellenic Council
820:Revolutionary Action Movement
745:Black Riders Liberation Party
205:Organisation of African Unity
10460:Polish-Czechoslovak unionism
10334:Federation of Arab Republics
10193:Israeli-Palestinian unionism
9879:United States military bases
9875:United States Africa Command
8248:First Pan-African Conference
7527:Resources in other libraries
7318:"Francis Okechukwu Ohanyido"
7145:"Council on African Affairs"
6009:Black Music Research Journal
5971:Black Music Research Journal
5745:10.1080/02582473.2012.675810
5596:See e.g. Ronald W. Walters,
5130:. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
5056:"Ghana re-evaluates Nkrumah"
4604:World Festival of Black Arts
4594:and reversing soil-erosion.
4339:
4207:
4103:
3772:Ogun state region of Nigeria
3248:First Pan-African Conference
2710:School segregation in the US
2248:Black American Sign Language
2222:Languages and other dialects
1052:Black Power in the Caribbean
750:Black Women's Defense League
7:
10516:Rhodesia-Nyasaland unionism
10351:Jordania-Palestine unionism
10178:Hungarian-Romanian unionism
10121:Bulgarian-Romanian unionism
9706:HR, Sciences and Technology
8898:International organisations
7195:"Transafrica Forum (1977-)"
7182:. African Activist Archive.
6937:. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
6831:. Millbrook Press. p.
5895:"Family Problems in Africa"
5809:"Family Problems in Africa"
5486:Adi & Sherwood (2003),
5418:Adi & Sherwood (2003).
5409:, Palgrave MacMillan, 1999.
5380:, London: Routledge, p. 66.
5081:Editions Présence Africaine
4980:"The objectives of the PAP"
4723:List of conflicts in Africa
4633:
4195:Africa–South America Summit
3980:California State University
3912:As originally conceived by
3554:, an icon of pan-Africanism
3522:(OAU). The creation of the
2962:
1537:African-American businesses
10:
11187:
10298:Peruvian-Bolivian unionism
10247:Romanian-moldovan unionism
10173:Greek-Yugoslavian unionism
9960:African Economic Community
9765:Peace and Security Council
9472:African and Malagasy Union
9150:Africa Cricket Association
8956:Countries by GDP (nominal)
8187:African Leadership Academy
7554:, London: Routledge, 2003.
7541:Pan-Africanism: A History.
7288:10.1177/002193479702700401
7270:Ogunleye, Tolagbe (1997).
7253:The Afrocentric Experience
6701:. Csus.edu. Archived from
6178:10.1016/j.wsif.2009.01.004
6140:10.1016/j.wsif.2009.01.004
6102:10.1016/j.wsif.2009.01.004
5727:Killingray, David (2012).
5641:Farmer, Ashley D. (2016).
4607:
4601:
4531:
4513:
4509:
4491:Afrocentric pan-Africanism
4372:(CAA): founded in 1937 by
4370:Council on African Affairs
4146:such as Ugandan president
4107:
4005:
3888:
3739:women from issues such as
3645:Fifth Pan-African Congress
3353:Fifth Pan-African Congress
3292:. Then-Colonial Secretary
3105:
2895:"Back to Africa" movements
2075:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
1750:Congressional Black Caucus
1717:African Diaspora Religions
1504:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
835:Symbionese Liberation Army
170:Third International Theory
11084:
10551:
10188:Indian-Pakistani Unionism
10156:Fertile Crescent unionism
10146:Estonian-Finnish unionism
10106:Afghan-Pakistani unionism
10093:
10035:
10004:
9983:
9935:
9898:
9885:United States ambassadors
9845:
9836:
9816:
9763:
9737:
9701:Social Affairs and Health
9696:Infrastructure and Energy
9676:
9658:
9630:
9597:
9579:
9556:
9547:
9514:
9442:
9366:
9273:
9202:
9165:Australian-rules football
9140:
9082:
9073:
9025:
9018:
8946:
8937:
8834:
8825:
8756:Countries and territories
8751:
8742:
8702:
8659:
8552:
8543:
8479:Pan-Africanism portal
8447:
8386:
8355:
8317:
8243:Economic Freedom Fighters
8233:Convention People's Party
8208:African Unification Front
8200:
8179:
8170:
7985:
7824:
7815:
7764:
7698:
7691:
7568:, London: Methuen, 1974,
7543:London: Bloomsbury, 2018.
7522:Resources in your library
7454:African Studies Quarterly
6933:Aboussou, Dadoua (2019).
6742:Wikisource contributors,
6729:October 25, 2014, at the
5540:African Political Thought
5472:African Political Thought
4941:January 29, 2011, at the
4914:10.1017/S0260210519000305
4867:Makalani, Minkah (2011).
4614:Pan African Film Festival
4598:Pan-African art and media
4558:these movements involved
4285:African National Congress
4279:Convention People's Party
4244:African Unification Front
3927:South Africa there was a
3370:With the independence of
3213:and other members of the
2582:US states and territories
1883:American Life and History
1605:Lift Every Voice and Sing
1314:Treatment of the enslaved
11019:Senegambia Confederation
11004:Polynesian confederation
10408:Pan-European nationalism
10087:Pan-nationalist concepts
9660:African Court of Justice
9457:Decolonisation of Africa
8399:African-American leftism
8148:Henry Sylvester Williams
7912:Ochola Ogaye Mak'Anyengo
7640:templates for discussion
7566:The Pan-African Movement
7276:Journal of Black Studies
7149:African Activist Archive
7088:Worrell, Rodney (2005).
6991:10.22456/2238-6912.65783
6827:Flag Lore of All Nations
6003:Shonekan (Spring 2009).
5042:Anti-Imperial Metropolis
4998:; Essien, Kwame (2013).
4960:Encyclopaedia Britannica
3914:Henry Sylvester Williams
3725:Henry Sylvester Williams
3603:that emerged during the
3244:Henry Sylvester Williams
2941:African Union Commission
2935:(since succeeded by the
2784:United States portal
2191:African-American English
1702:African-American Muslims
1263:Jim Crow era (1896–1954)
538:This article is part of
434:African and Black Topics
333:Ochola Ogaye Mak'Anyengo
10937:United States of Poland
10662:East African Federation
10583:Antillean Confederation
10521:Soviet reunificationism
10257:Union of African States
10027:East African Federation
10017:United States of Africa
9755:African Investment Bank
9212:Countries by population
8925:United States of Africa
8457:Pan-Africanism category
8429:United States of Africa
8424:Union of African States
8414:East African Federation
8363:Ethnic groups of Africa
8268:Pan African Association
7857:Jean-Jacques Dessalines
7803:United States of Africa
7008:Ndhlovu, Finex (2013).
6823:Smith, Whitney (2001).
6307:10.1386/jams.11.2.257_1
5924:Barry, Aminata (2007).
5345:Mkandawire, P. (2005).
4889:. The Gale Group. 2005.
4854:History: Learner's Book
4718:United States of Africa
4419:was founded in 1965 by
4213:Formal political bodies
4154:, and Libyan president
4150:, Zimbabwean president
3929:Pan Africanist Congress
3607:of the 1960s to 1970s.
3045:Dr. John Pombe Magufuli
2977:Jean-Jacques Dessalines
2705:Reparations for slavery
1793:Back-to-Africa movement
1692:Black Hebrew Israelites
1570:African-American beauty
1057:Black Power in Montreal
928:Martin Luther King, Jr.
810:New Black Panther Party
775:Huey P. Newton Gun Club
464:Reparations for slavery
396:Ethnic groups of Africa
10974:Misak-ı Millî (Turkey)
10682:West Indies Federation
10650:Danubian Confederation
10183:Gran Colombia unionism
9738:Financial institutions
9729:Cross-Cutting Programs
9632:Pan-African Parliament
8961:Countries by GDP (PPP)
8903:Pan-African Parliament
8694:Science and technology
8238:East African Community
7877:Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof
7726:Anti-Western sentiment
6041:Chuku, Gloria (2009).
5899:The Guild Practitioner
5850:Human Rights Quarterly
5841:Burke, Ronald (2017).
5813:The Guild Practitioner
5563:Young, Robert (2001).
5196:, 326, August 5, 2000.
5089:10.3917/presa.145.0026
4836:Abdul-Raheem, Tajudeen
4536:Since the late 1970s,
4346:Pan-African Federation
4321:Clement Payne Movement
4228:Pan-African Parliament
4202:
4169:
4129:Félix Houphouët-Boigny
4124:
4026:
3943:, TransAfrica and the
3907:
3796:Abeokuta Women's Union
3764:Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti
3678:In the United States,
3555:
3544:
3195:Quobna Ottobah Cugoano
3145:
3125:
3118:Pan-African Conference
3057:Yoweri Kaguta Museveni
2949:Pan-African Parliament
2849:
2837:
2175:Dialects and languages
1335:Second Great Migration
1011:The Diary of Malcolm X
815:Republic of New Afrika
770:George Jackson Brigade
755:British Black Panthers
735:Black Radical Congress
710:Black Guerrilla Family
586:Black Power Revolution
454:Anti-Western sentiment
263:Félix Houphouët-Boigny
228:Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof
10526:Switzerland expansion
10470:Saint Martin unionism
10346:Arab Islamic Republic
10161:Gaucho traditionalism
9778:African Standby Force
9750:African Monetary Fund
8614:European colonisation
8577:Pre-colonial kingdoms
8143:Frances Cress Welsing
5862:10.1353/hrq.2017.0018
5234:Hill, Sylvia (2007),
4790:10.1086/JAAHv92n4p516
4662:Pan-Africanism portal
4602:Further information:
4317:(Antigua and Barbuda)
4189:
4164:
4120:
4087:Saint Kitts and Nevis
4053:Madison Square Garden
4021:
3984:civil rights movement
3953:LĂ©opold SĂ©dar Senghor
3898:
3605:civil rights movement
3550:
3539:
3220:movement, as well as
3144:, New York City, 1922
3131:
3122:Westminster Town Hall
3115:
2846:Arab Islamic Republic
2843:
2835:
2587:US metropolitan areas
2414:List of neighborhoods
2028:Alabama Creole people
2018:African-American Jews
1950:Negro league baseball
1913:National Urban League
1865:Civic/economic groups
1697:African-American Jews
1587:African-American hair
1449:, after the Civil War
1278:Post–civil rights era
1018:Revolutionary Suicide
725:Black Panther Militia
720:Black Liberation Army
490:Pan-Africanism portal
11156:Political ideologies
10989:Padanian nationalism
10969:Megali Idea (Greece)
10944:North American Union
10689:Franco-British Union
10361:Iraq-Kuwait unionism
10327:United Arab Republic
9745:African Central Bank
9185:Stadiums by capacity
9132:World Heritage Sites
8609:European exploration
8325:Black Star of Africa
8278:Pan-African Congress
8228:Conseil de l'Entente
8008:Edward Wilmot Blyden
7932:Abdias do Nascimento
7897:Toussaint Louverture
7441:– via YouTube.
7381:Los Angeles Sentinel
7362:www.encyclopedia.com
7259:on February 8, 2007.
6705:on November 21, 2018
5194:New Internationalist
5145:exhibitions.nypl.org
4574:Economic development
4522:Black Power movement
4364:In the United States
3918:Edward Wilmot Blyden
3613:Clenora Hudson-Weems
3508:United Arab Republic
3494:independent states.
3306:Edward Wilmot Blyden
3255:Pan-African Congress
3246:, who organized the
3071:, academics such as
3001:Edward Wilmot Blyden
2973:Toussaint Louverture
2872:Atlantic slave trade
2744:Criminal stereotypes
2519:District of Columbia
2236:Afro-Seminole Creole
1678:Non-Christian groups
1273:Black power movement
1237:during the Civil War
1206:Atlantic slave trade
581:Black power movement
258:Edward Francis Small
238:Babacar Sedikh Diouf
80:Black Star of Africa
11161:Political movements
11146:Africana philosophy
11014:Sahel Confederation
10823:Greater Netherlands
10623:Imperial Federation
10339:Libyan-Syrian Union
10131:Central-americanism
10126:Canada-USA unionism
8869:Freedom of religion
8854:Heads of government
8646:Scramble for Africa
8378:Conflicts in Africa
8368:Languages of Africa
8342:Pan-African colours
8063:Yosef Ben-Jochannan
7706:African nationalism
7229:on October 18, 2007
7166:The Organization Us
7135:, 1989, pp. 296–97.
6778:. August 17, 1920.
5538:Martin, G. (2012).
5488:Pan-African History
5470:Martin, G. (2012).
5420:Pan-African History
5069:Clarke, John Henrik
4733:Languages of Africa
4676:African nationalism
4221:, succeeded by the
4160:Thandika Mkandawire
4012:Pan-African colours
4002:Pan-African colours
3992:Syracuse University
3732:Jeanne Martin Cissé
3660:West Indian Gazette
3472:Bandung Declaration
3322:British West Africa
3318:J.E. Casely Hayford
3290:British West Africa
3250:in London in 1900.
3240:African Association
3177:(hallmarked by the
3175:slave insurrections
3124:, London, July 1900
2140:Sierra Leone Creole
2101:Specific ancestries
1986:Southwestern (SWAC)
1509:Black History Month
1340:New Great Migration
1294:Agriculture history
845:Weather Underground
765:Five-Percent Nation
760:Conscious Community
730:Black Panther Party
571:Black Arts Movement
411:Conflicts in Africa
401:Languages of Africa
378:Yosef Ben-Jochannan
200:Conscious Community
118:African nationalism
113:African communalism
85:Pan-African colours
37:the Politics series
10915:Greater Yugoslavia
10890:Greater Tamil Nadu
10798:Greater Mauritania
10716:Greater Bangladesh
10677:Caribbean Antilles
10566:African federation
10536:Hungarian Turanism
10322:United Arab States
10317:Hashemite unionism
10215:Hispanoamericanism
9996:African Border Day
9711:Trade and Industry
9686:Peace and Security
9678:ECOSOCC Committees
9612:Deputy Chairperson
8594:Indian Ocean trade
8394:African philosophy
8373:Religion in Africa
8098:Zephania Mothopeng
8048:Amy Ashwood Garvey
8023:John Henrik Clarke
8013:Stokely Carmichael
7998:Molefi Kete Asante
7952:John Nyathi Pokela
7937:Gamal Abdel Nasser
7402:, January 4, 2005.
7061:10.1111/hic3.12089
6761:The New York Times
6508:. October 30, 2021
6404:10.1111/bjet.13047
5930:Présence Africaine
5363:Legum, C. (1965).
5325:Smith-Asante, E.,
5073:Présence Africaine
5012:. pp. 71–72.
4937:, African Union] (
4935:"AU in a Nutshell"
4738:Religion in Africa
4429:African philosophy
4397:federal government
4311:, defunct (Guyana)
4203:
4027:
3908:
3691:In the Caribbean,
3631:Amy Jacques Garvey
3582:genital mutilation
3556:
3545:
3489:of Liberia met at
3365:Amy Jacques Garvey
3361:Amy Ashwood Garvey
3179:Haitian Revolution
3146:
3126:
3079:and others in the
3061:Joseph Robert Love
2861:indigenous peoples
2850:
2838:
2149:Sexual orientation
2023:Afro-Puerto Ricans
1976:Mid-Eastern (MEAC)
1611:Self-determination
1575:Black is beautiful
1241:Reconstruction era
1087:Red Power movement
1042:Black Lives Matter
968:Stokely Carmichael
958:Robert F. Williams
938:Malik Zulu Shabazz
888:Fay Bellamy Powell
705:Assata's Daughters
576:Black is beautiful
406:Religion in Africa
123:African philosophy
11166:Politics and race
11151:Identity politics
11113:
11112:
10833:Greater Palestine
10773:Greater Indonesia
10757:Galicia irredenta
10711:Greater Argentina
10635:Catalan Countries
10630:Cascadia movement
10603:Balkan Federation
10403:European unionism
10269:Sahel-Benin Union
10198:Latinoamericanism
10053:
10052:
9931:
9930:
9855:Foreign relations
9832:
9831:
9783:Panel of the Wise
9691:Political Affairs
9561:Executive Council
9504:Secretary General
9482:Sirte Declaration
9402:
9401:
9269:
9268:
9198:
9197:
9014:
9013:
8991:Natural resources
8933:
8932:
8879:Linguistic rights
8821:
8820:
8738:
8737:
8499:
8498:
8491:Africa portal
8331:Le Marron Inconnu
8313:
8312:
8166:
8165:
7962:Ahmed Sékou Touré
7811:
7810:
7731:Black nationalism
7711:African socialism
7508:Library resources
7399:The Village Voice
7101:978-0-9744934-6-6
6804:. August 23, 2018
6763:. August 2, 1920.
6362:. March 5, 2022.
5549:978-1-137-06205-5
4701:Black nationalism
4681:Africana womanism
4555:Howard University
4504:Black nationalism
3827:Siyanda Mohutsiwa
3617:Africana Womanism
3601:identity politics
3596:, an ideology of
3476:Charter of the UN
3302:African-Americans
3274:Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe
3021:Ahmed Sékou Touré
2985:François Duvalier
2863:and diasporas of
2830:
2829:
2767:
2766:
2665:
2664:
2439:Dallas-Fort Worth
2256:
2255:
2166:
2165:
2110:Americo-Liberians
1993:
1992:
1931:
1930:
1856:
1855:
1725:
1724:
1669:Womanist theology
1619:
1618:
1561:Symbols and ideas
1347:
1346:
1226:Antebellum period
1221:Revolutionary War
1176:African Americans
1161:
1160:
1082:Political hip hop
1005:Ten-Point Program
973:Wadsworth Jarrell
898:Gloria Richardson
657:Black nationalism
627:Africana womanism
622:African socialism
533:
532:
223:Ahmed Sékou Touré
138:Black nationalism
128:African socialism
108:African anarchism
16:(Redirected from
11178:
11141:African diaspora
11100:Hispanic peoples
11066:Whole Azerbaijan
11056:United Macedonia
10851:
10843:Greater Portugal
10726:Greater Bulgaria
10672:Greater Cambodia
10658:
10618:British unionism
10502:
10465:Reintegrationism
10445:Mediterraneanism
10378:Pan-Caucasianism
10306:
10289:
10223:
10206:
10169:
10080:
10073:
10066:
10057:
10056:
10043:
10042:
9955:Development Bank
9843:
9842:
9725:Women and Gender
9721:Economic Affairs
9650:Gallagher Estate
9554:
9553:
9462:Casablanca Group
9429:
9422:
9415:
9406:
9405:
9382:
9375:
9160:Afro-Asian Games
9080:
9079:
9023:
9022:
9001:Renewable energy
8966:Countries by HDI
8944:
8943:
8832:
8831:
8749:
8748:
8550:
8549:
8526:
8519:
8512:
8503:
8502:
8489:
8488:
8487:
8477:
8476:
8465:
8464:
8455:
8454:
8347:Pan-African flag
8177:
8176:
8123:Randall Robinson
8058:Leonard Jeffries
8038:W. E. B. Du Bois
8033:Cheikh Anta Diop
8028:Martin R. Delany
7852:David Comissiong
7822:
7821:
7721:Anti-imperialism
7696:
7695:
7678:
7671:
7664:
7655:
7654:
7546:Hakim Adi &
7496:
7495:
7483:
7477:
7476:
7449:
7443:
7442:
7440:
7438:
7433:. March 12, 2016
7427:
7418:
7409:
7403:
7391:
7385:
7384:
7372:
7366:
7365:
7354:
7348:
7347:
7345:
7343:
7333:"Pan-Africanism"
7328:
7322:
7321:
7314:
7308:
7307:
7267:
7261:
7260:
7245:
7239:
7238:
7236:
7234:
7225:. Archived from
7218:
7212:
7211:
7209:
7207:
7190:
7184:
7183:
7176:
7170:
7169:
7158:
7152:
7142:
7136:
7129:Duberman, Martin
7126:
7117:
7112:
7106:
7105:
7085:
7079:
7078:
7071:
7065:
7064:
7044:
7038:
7037:
7031:
7023:
7005:
6996:
6995:
6993:
6969:
6963:
6962:
6956:
6948:
6930:
6924:
6923:
6907:
6898:
6897:
6891:
6883:
6872:. New York, NY.
6865:
6854:
6853:
6851:
6849:
6830:
6820:
6814:
6813:
6811:
6809:
6794:
6788:
6787:
6771:
6765:
6764:
6753:
6747:
6740:
6734:
6721:
6715:
6714:
6712:
6710:
6695:
6689:
6688:
6681:
6675:
6674:
6662:
6656:
6655:
6638:
6632:
6631:
6625:
6617:
6607:
6598:
6592:
6591:
6576:The Muslim World
6567:
6561:
6560:
6524:
6518:
6517:
6515:
6513:
6498:
6489:
6488:
6478:
6454:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6438:
6432:Egyptian Streets
6423:
6417:
6416:
6406:
6378:
6372:
6371:
6355:
6346:
6345:
6343:
6341:
6336:. March 29, 2021
6326:
6320:
6319:
6309:
6285:
6276:
6275:
6273:
6271:
6256:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6245:
6231:
6225:
6224:
6195:
6189:
6188:
6186:
6184:
6157:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6146:
6119:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6108:
6081:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6038:
6032:
6031:
6029:
6027:
6000:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5989:
5962:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5948:
5921:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5910:
5890:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5876:
5847:
5838:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5824:
5804:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5779:Academia Letters
5770:
5764:
5763:
5761:
5759:
5724:
5715:
5714:
5712:
5692:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5681:
5638:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5612:
5601:
5594:
5588:
5587:
5575:
5569:
5568:
5560:
5554:
5553:
5535:
5529:
5520:
5507:
5497:
5491:
5484:
5475:
5468:
5462:
5455:
5449:
5442:
5436:
5429:
5423:
5416:
5410:
5403:
5397:
5390:
5381:
5374:
5368:
5361:
5352:
5343:
5334:
5323:
5317:
5316:
5296:
5290:
5289:
5249:
5243:
5232:
5226:
5215:
5209:
5203:
5197:
5187:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5176:
5162:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5151:
5141:"Pan-Africanism"
5137:
5131:
5110:
5101:
5100:
5065:
5059:
5052:
5046:
5037:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5026:
4992:
4983:
4977:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4966:
4956:"Pan-Africanism"
4952:
4946:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4883:
4877:
4876:
4869:"Pan-Africanism"
4864:
4858:
4849:
4843:
4833:
4827:
4826:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4771:
4671:African diaspora
4664:
4659:
4658:
4650:
4645:
4644:
4643:
4451:African diaspora
4447:Randall Robinson
4423:, following the
4405:W. E. B. Du Bois
4296:In the Caribbean
4094:flag of Ethiopia
4023:Flag of Ethiopia
4008:Pan-African flag
3963:Mobutu Sese Seko
3615:coined the term
3598:African-American
3467:Accra Conference
3359:. Women such as
3073:W. E. B. Du Bois
2981:Henri Christophe
2951:has its seat in
2943:has its seat in
2822:
2815:
2808:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2729:media depictions
2678:
2677:
2573:Population count
2269:
2268:
2203:Liberian English
2182:English dialects
2179:
2178:
2135:Samaná Americans
2060:Creoles of color
2006:
2005:
1944:
1943:
1888:Black conductors
1869:
1868:
1738:
1737:
1712:Louisiana Voodoo
1634:
1633:
1379:Family structure
1362:
1361:
1309:Military history
1304:Business history
1235:military history
1190:
1189:
1163:
1162:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1047:Black Power gang
992:A Taste of Power
883:Eldridge Cleaver
715:Black Liberators
677:Intercommunalism
667:Black separatism
637:Anti-Americanism
558:
535:
534:
525:
518:
511:
498:
488:
487:
480:
479:
449:Anti-imperialism
373:W. E. B. Du Bois
243:Cheikh Anta Diop
90:Pan-African flag
55:
32:
31:
21:
11186:
11185:
11181:
11180:
11179:
11177:
11176:
11175:
11131:Pan-nationalism
11116:
11115:
11114:
11109:
11105:Habesha peoples
11088:
11080:
10905:Greater Vietnam
10900:Greater Ukraine
10875:Greater Somalia
10855:Greater Romania
10845:
10813:Greater Morocco
10808:Greater Moldova
10763:Greater Hungary
10751:Greater Finland
10736:Greater Croatia
10699:Greater Albania
10652:
10553:
10547:
10492:
10455:Pan-Oceanianism
10398:Pan-Europeanism
10300:
10283:
10276:Pan-Americanism
10262:Mali Federation
10217:
10200:
10163:
10136:Czechoslovakism
10089:
10084:
10054:
10049:
10031:
10000:
9979:
9927:
9894:
9828:
9812:
9759:
9733:
9672:
9654:
9626:
9593:
9575:
9543:
9510:
9438:
9433:
9403:
9398:
9385:
9378:
9371:
9362:
9265:
9261:Youth in Africa
9239:Life expectancy
9194:
9136:
9112:Africanfuturism
9069:
9010:
9006:Stock exchanges
8929:
8817:
8776:Natural history
8734:
8698:
8655:
8604:Muslim conquest
8599:Bantu expansion
8539:
8530:
8500:
8495:
8485:
8483:
8471:
8467:Africa category
8443:
8382:
8351:
8309:
8196:
8162:
8158:Omali Yeshitela
8138:Issa Laye Thiaw
8068:Maulana Karenga
8053:John G. Jackson
7981:
7902:Patrice Lumumba
7867:Muammar Gaddafi
7807:
7772:African century
7760:
7687:
7682:
7643:
7624:
7548:Marika Sherwood
7533:
7532:
7531:
7516:
7515:
7511:
7504:
7499:
7484:
7480:
7450:
7446:
7436:
7434:
7429:
7428:
7421:
7410:
7406:
7392:
7388:
7373:
7369:
7356:
7355:
7351:
7341:
7339:
7329:
7325:
7316:
7315:
7311:
7268:
7264:
7247:
7246:
7242:
7232:
7230:
7219:
7215:
7205:
7203:
7191:
7187:
7178:
7177:
7173:
7160:
7159:
7155:
7143:
7139:
7127:
7120:
7113:
7109:
7102:
7086:
7082:
7073:
7072:
7068:
7049:History Compass
7045:
7041:
7025:
7024:
7020:
7006:
6999:
6970:
6966:
6950:
6949:
6945:
6931:
6927:
6908:
6901:
6885:
6884:
6880:
6866:
6857:
6847:
6845:
6843:
6821:
6817:
6807:
6805:
6796:
6795:
6791:
6773:
6772:
6768:
6755:
6754:
6750:
6741:
6737:
6731:Wayback Machine
6722:
6718:
6708:
6706:
6697:
6696:
6692:
6683:
6682:
6678:
6663:
6659:
6652:
6640:
6639:
6635:
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6379:
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6360:Ventures Africa
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5710:10.1.1.626.5649
5693:
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4993:
4986:
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4953:
4949:
4943:Wayback Machine
4933:
4929:
4898:
4894:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4865:
4861:
4850:
4846:
4834:
4830:
4809:
4805:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4759:
4750:Pan-nationalism
4660:
4653:
4646:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4616:
4606:
4600:
4576:
4566:from office in
4534:
4526:Maulana Karenga
4518:
4512:
4493:
4470:
4465:
4421:Maulana Karenga
4417:US Organization
4409:Alphaeus Hunton
4366:
4342:
4298:
4240:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4204:
4191:Muammar Gaddafi
4182:
4156:Muammar Gaddafi
4112:
4106:
4029:
4028:
4014:
4006:Main articles:
4004:
3910:
3909:
3891:
3856:
3809:
3804:
3741:forced marriage
3625:
3562:Muammar Gaddafi
3558:
3557:
3543:(1964; aged 39)
3515:Ahmed Ben Bella
3374:in March 1957,
3328:articulated by
3229:Prince of Wales
3207:Granville Sharp
3148:
3147:
3108:
3087:the Americas".
3049:Muammar Gaddafi
3029:King Sobhuza II
3009:Patrice Lumumba
2965:
2939:) in 1963. The
2924:, and European
2922:African slavery
2918:the West Indies
2826:
2778:
2776:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2719:
2675:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2606:
2568:
2544:Omaha, Nebraska
2509:Historic places
2503:
2395:
2266:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2217:
2176:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2144:
2096:
2038:Black Seminoles
2003:
2002:Sub-communities
1995:
1994:
1981:Southern (SIAC)
1941:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1882:
1866:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1769:
1735:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1707:Nation of Islam
1673:
1650:
1631:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1556:
1523:
1490:
1462:
1423:
1399:Musical theater
1359:
1349:
1348:
1330:Great Migration
1187:
1157:
1117:
1116:
1032:
1024:
1023:
986:
978:
977:
933:Maulana Karenga
873:Donald DeFreeze
858:
850:
849:
840:US Organization
800:Nation of Islam
695:
687:
686:
672:Black supremacy
642:Black anarchism
617:
609:
608:
566:
529:
496:Politics portal
494:
485:
477:
469:
468:
424:
416:
415:
391:
383:
382:
343:Patrice Lumumba
338:Omali Yeshitela
323:Muammar Gaddafi
288:Issa Laye Thiaw
218:
210:
209:
190:
182:
181:
103:
95:
94:
63:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11184:
11174:
11173:
11168:
11163:
11158:
11153:
11148:
11143:
11138:
11133:
11128:
11126:Pan-Africanism
11111:
11110:
11108:
11107:
11102:
11092:
11090:
11082:
11081:
11079:
11078:
11073:
11068:
11063:
11058:
11053:
11051:United Ireland
11048:
11046:United Armenia
11043:
11042:
11041:
11031:
11026:
11021:
11016:
11011:
11006:
11001:
10996:
10991:
10986:
10981:
10976:
10971:
10966:
10961:
10956:
10951:
10946:
10941:
10940:
10939:
10929:
10924:
10917:
10912:
10907:
10902:
10897:
10892:
10887:
10882:
10877:
10872:
10870:Greater Serbia
10867:
10862:
10860:Greater Russia
10857:
10852:
10840:
10838:Greater Poland
10835:
10830:
10828:Greater Norway
10825:
10820:
10815:
10810:
10805:
10803:Greater Mexico
10800:
10795:
10790:
10788:Greater Israel
10785:
10780:
10775:
10770:
10765:
10760:
10753:
10748:
10743:
10738:
10733:
10728:
10723:
10721:Greater Bosnia
10718:
10713:
10708:
10707:
10706:
10696:
10691:
10686:
10685:
10684:
10674:
10669:
10664:
10659:
10647:
10642:
10637:
10632:
10627:
10626:
10625:
10615:
10613:Basque Country
10610:
10605:
10600:
10595:
10590:
10585:
10580:
10579:
10578:
10568:
10563:
10557:
10555:
10549:
10548:
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10545:
10540:
10539:
10538:
10528:
10523:
10518:
10513:
10508:
10503:
10487:
10482:
10477:
10472:
10467:
10462:
10457:
10452:
10447:
10442:
10437:
10432:
10427:
10422:
10417:
10412:
10411:
10410:
10405:
10395:
10390:
10385:
10380:
10375:
10370:
10365:
10364:
10363:
10358:
10353:
10348:
10343:
10342:
10341:
10331:
10330:
10329:
10319:
10309:
10308:
10307:
10295:
10278:
10273:
10272:
10271:
10266:
10265:
10264:
10252:Pan-Africanism
10249:
10244:
10239:
10234:
10232:Neo-Ottomanism
10229:
10224:
10212:
10210:Hellenoturkism
10207:
10195:
10190:
10185:
10180:
10175:
10170:
10158:
10153:
10148:
10143:
10138:
10133:
10128:
10123:
10118:
10113:
10111:Austro-Slavism
10108:
10103:
10097:
10095:
10091:
10090:
10083:
10082:
10075:
10068:
10060:
10051:
10050:
10048:
10047:
10036:
10033:
10032:
10030:
10029:
10024:
10019:
10014:
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10002:
10001:
9999:
9998:
9993:
9987:
9985:
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9980:
9978:
9977:
9972:
9967:
9962:
9957:
9952:
9941:
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9933:
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9915:
9910:
9904:
9902:
9896:
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9893:
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9882:
9872:
9867:
9862:
9857:
9852:
9846:
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9805:
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9761:
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9758:
9757:
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9708:
9703:
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9682:
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9674:
9673:
9671:
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9656:
9655:
9653:
9652:
9647:
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9614:
9609:
9603:
9601:
9595:
9594:
9592:
9591:
9585:
9583:
9577:
9576:
9574:
9573:
9568:
9563:
9557:
9551:
9545:
9544:
9542:
9541:
9536:
9531:
9529:Extreme points
9526:
9520:
9518:
9512:
9511:
9509:
9508:
9507:
9506:
9501:
9489:
9484:
9479:
9474:
9469:
9467:Monrovia Group
9464:
9459:
9454:
9452:Pan-Africanism
9448:
9446:
9440:
9439:
9432:
9431:
9424:
9417:
9409:
9400:
9399:
9397:
9396:
9391:
9384:
9383:
9376:
9368:
9367:
9364:
9363:
9361:
9360:
9355:
9350:
9345:
9340:
9335:
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9325:
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9315:
9310:
9305:
9300:
9295:
9290:
9285:
9279:
9277:
9271:
9270:
9267:
9266:
9264:
9263:
9258:
9257:
9256:
9251:
9241:
9236:
9231:
9226:
9221:
9220:
9219:
9208:
9206:
9200:
9199:
9196:
9195:
9193:
9192:
9190:Tour d'Afrique
9187:
9182:
9177:
9172:
9167:
9162:
9157:
9152:
9146:
9144:
9138:
9137:
9135:
9134:
9129:
9124:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9083:
9077:
9071:
9070:
9068:
9067:
9062:
9057:
9052:
9047:
9045:Climate change
9042:
9037:
9032:
9026:
9020:
9016:
9015:
9012:
9011:
9009:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8993:
8988:
8983:
8981:Infrastructure
8978:
8973:
8968:
8963:
8958:
8953:
8947:
8941:
8935:
8934:
8931:
8930:
8928:
8927:
8922:
8921:
8920:
8910:
8908:Pan-Africanism
8905:
8900:
8895:
8894:
8893:
8892:
8891:
8884:Women's rights
8881:
8876:
8871:
8861:
8859:Heads of state
8856:
8851:
8846:
8841:
8835:
8829:
8823:
8822:
8819:
8818:
8816:
8815:
8810:
8809:
8808:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8766:Impact craters
8763:
8761:Highest points
8758:
8752:
8746:
8740:
8739:
8736:
8735:
8733:
8732:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8706:
8704:
8700:
8699:
8697:
8696:
8691:
8690:
8689:
8679:
8677:Historiography
8674:
8669:
8663:
8661:
8657:
8656:
8654:
8653:
8651:Decolonisation
8648:
8643:
8642:
8641:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8616:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8590:
8589:
8584:
8574:
8569:
8568:
8567:
8556:
8554:
8547:
8541:
8540:
8529:
8528:
8521:
8514:
8506:
8497:
8496:
8494:
8493:
8481:
8469:
8459:
8448:
8445:
8444:
8442:
8441:
8439:Year of Africa
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8404:Africanization
8401:
8396:
8390:
8388:
8384:
8383:
8381:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8359:
8357:
8353:
8352:
8350:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8327:
8321:
8319:
8315:
8314:
8311:
8310:
8308:
8307:
8302:
8297:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8204:
8202:
8198:
8197:
8195:
8194:
8189:
8183:
8181:
8174:
8168:
8167:
8164:
8163:
8161:
8160:
8155:
8153:Amos N. Wilson
8150:
8145:
8140:
8135:
8130:
8125:
8120:
8115:
8113:Runoko Rashidi
8110:
8105:
8103:George Padmore
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7989:
7987:
7983:
7982:
7980:
7979:
7974:
7972:Robert Sobukwe
7969:
7967:Haile Selassie
7964:
7959:
7957:Thomas Sankara
7954:
7949:
7947:Julius Nyerere
7944:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7884:
7882:Kenneth Kaunda
7879:
7874:
7869:
7864:
7862:Anténor Firmin
7859:
7854:
7849:
7847:AmĂlcar Cabral
7844:
7842:Nnamdi Azikiwe
7839:
7834:
7828:
7826:
7819:
7813:
7812:
7809:
7808:
7806:
7805:
7800:
7793:
7786:
7779:
7774:
7768:
7766:
7762:
7761:
7759:
7758:
7753:
7751:Uhuru Movement
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7702:
7700:
7693:
7689:
7688:
7685:Pan-Africanism
7681:
7680:
7673:
7666:
7658:
7652:
7651:
7623:
7622:External links
7620:
7619:
7618:
7611:
7601:
7589:
7555:
7544:
7530:
7529:
7524:
7518:
7517:
7513:Pan-Africanism
7506:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7497:
7478:
7444:
7419:
7404:
7386:
7367:
7349:
7323:
7309:
7282:(4): 435–455.
7262:
7240:
7221:Reitz, Glenn.
7213:
7185:
7171:
7153:
7137:
7118:
7107:
7100:
7080:
7066:
7055:(9): 675–686.
7039:
7018:
6997:
6964:
6943:
6925:
6899:
6878:
6855:
6841:
6815:
6789:
6766:
6748:
6735:
6716:
6690:
6676:
6657:
6650:
6633:
6593:
6582:(2): 169–182.
6562:
6519:
6490:
6469:(2): 283–311.
6444:
6418:
6397:(2): 638–658.
6383:Hennessy, Sara
6373:
6347:
6321:
6300:(2): 257–274.
6277:
6265:Africa Renewal
6251:
6226:
6213:10.1086/701092
6207:(1): 149–151.
6190:
6152:
6114:
6071:
6033:
5995:
5954:
5916:
5882:
5830:
5796:
5765:
5739:(3): 401–403.
5716:
5687:
5653:(2): 274–295.
5633:
5621:Pambazuka News
5602:
5589:
5570:
5555:
5548:
5530:
5508:
5492:
5476:
5463:
5459:Pan-Africanism
5457:Legum (1965),
5450:
5446:Pan-Africanism
5444:Legum (1965).
5437:
5433:Pan-Africanism
5431:Legum (1965),
5424:
5411:
5398:
5394:Pan-Africanism
5392:Legum (1965).
5382:
5369:
5353:
5335:
5331:Graphic Online
5318:
5291:
5244:
5227:
5210:
5198:
5182:
5157:
5132:
5102:
5060:
5047:
5045:, pp. 250–278.
5032:
5019:978-1135005191
5018:
4984:
4972:
4947:
4927:
4892:
4878:
4859:
4844:
4828:
4803:
4784:(4): 516–539.
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4752:
4741:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4703:
4698:
4696:Afro-pessimism
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4651:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4625:
4599:
4596:
4575:
4572:
4564:Abdoulaye Wade
4533:
4530:
4514:Main article:
4511:
4508:
4492:
4489:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4440:
4390:United Nations
4365:
4362:
4361:
4360:
4353:
4350:United Kingdom
4341:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4330:
4324:
4318:
4312:
4306:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4282:
4276:
4270:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4246:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4225:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4140:Julius Nyerere
4105:
4102:
4016:
4015:
4003:
4000:
3994:also offers a
3961:movement, and
3933:Robert Sobukwe
3893:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3879:European Union
3855:
3852:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3693:Peggy Antrobus
3669:decolonisation
3624:
3621:
3573:women's issues
3534:
3533:
3487:William Tubman
3485:and President
3381:decolonization
3346:western Europe
3326:Negro Movement
3310:W.E.B. Du Bois
3294:Oliver Stanley
3272:In the 1930s,
3191:Sons of Africa
3168:neocolonialism
3116:Invitation to
3110:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3077:Anténor Firmin
3037:Thomas Sankara
3017:Robert Sobukwe
3013:Julius Nyerere
3005:Nnamdi Azikiwe
2993:Haile Selassie
2964:
2961:
2853:Pan-Africanism
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2690:Black genocide
2686:
2683:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2597:US communities
2594:
2589:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2554:South Carolina
2551:
2549:North Carolina
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2371:South Carolina
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2351:North Carolina
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2208:Samaná English
2205:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2158:LGBT community
2154:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2115:Creek Freedmen
2112:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2085:Carmel Indians
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1966:Central (CIAA)
1960:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1833:Pan-Africanism
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1664:Black theology
1660:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1632:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1601:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1528:Economic class
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1467:Academic study
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1360:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1238:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1014:
1007:
1002:
995:
987:
984:
983:
980:
979:
976:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
948:Muhammad Ahmad
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
908:Huey P. Newton
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
859:
856:
855:
852:
851:
848:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
696:
693:
692:
689:
688:
685:
684:
682:Pan-Africanism
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
647:Black feminism
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
618:
615:
614:
611:
610:
607:
606:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
567:
564:
563:
560:
559:
551:
550:
544:
543:
531:
530:
528:
527:
520:
513:
505:
502:
501:
500:
499:
492:
471:
470:
467:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
425:
422:
421:
418:
417:
414:
413:
408:
403:
398:
392:
389:
388:
385:
384:
381:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
358:Thomas Sankara
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
303:Julius Nyerere
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
278:Haile Selassie
275:
273:George Padmore
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
248:C. L. R. James
245:
240:
235:
233:Amos N. Wilson
230:
225:
219:
216:
215:
212:
211:
208:
207:
202:
197:
191:
188:
187:
184:
183:
180:
179:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
104:
101:
100:
97:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
76:
75:
64:
61:
60:
57:
56:
48:
47:
45:Pan-Africanism
41:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11183:
11172:
11169:
11167:
11164:
11162:
11159:
11157:
11154:
11152:
11149:
11147:
11144:
11142:
11139:
11137:
11134:
11132:
11129:
11127:
11124:
11123:
11121:
11106:
11103:
11101:
11097:
11094:
11093:
11091:
11087:
11083:
11077:
11074:
11072:
11069:
11067:
11064:
11062:
11059:
11057:
11054:
11052:
11049:
11047:
11044:
11040:
11037:
11036:
11035:
11034:Triune Russia
11032:
11030:
11027:
11025:
11022:
11020:
11017:
11015:
11012:
11010:
11009:Russian world
11007:
11005:
11002:
11000:
10999:Patria Grande
10997:
10995:
10992:
10990:
10987:
10985:
10982:
10980:
10977:
10975:
10972:
10970:
10967:
10965:
10962:
10960:
10957:
10955:
10952:
10950:
10947:
10945:
10942:
10938:
10935:
10934:
10933:
10930:
10928:
10925:
10923:
10922:
10918:
10916:
10913:
10911:
10910:Greater Yemen
10908:
10906:
10903:
10901:
10898:
10896:
10893:
10891:
10888:
10886:
10885:Greater Syria
10883:
10881:
10880:Greater Spain
10878:
10876:
10873:
10871:
10868:
10866:
10865:Greater Samoa
10863:
10861:
10858:
10856:
10853:
10849:
10844:
10841:
10839:
10836:
10834:
10831:
10829:
10826:
10824:
10821:
10819:
10818:Greater Nepal
10816:
10814:
10811:
10809:
10806:
10804:
10801:
10799:
10796:
10794:
10793:Greater Italy
10791:
10789:
10786:
10784:
10781:
10779:
10776:
10774:
10771:
10769:
10768:Greater India
10766:
10764:
10761:
10759:
10758:
10754:
10752:
10749:
10747:
10744:
10742:
10739:
10737:
10734:
10732:
10731:Greater China
10729:
10727:
10724:
10722:
10719:
10717:
10714:
10712:
10709:
10705:
10702:
10701:
10700:
10697:
10695:
10694:Gran Colombia
10692:
10690:
10687:
10683:
10680:
10679:
10678:
10675:
10673:
10670:
10668:
10665:
10663:
10660:
10656:
10651:
10648:
10646:
10643:
10641:
10638:
10636:
10633:
10631:
10628:
10624:
10621:
10620:
10619:
10616:
10614:
10611:
10609:
10606:
10604:
10601:
10599:
10596:
10594:
10591:
10589:
10586:
10584:
10581:
10577:
10574:
10573:
10572:
10569:
10567:
10564:
10562:
10559:
10558:
10556:
10550:
10544:
10541:
10537:
10534:
10533:
10532:
10529:
10527:
10524:
10522:
10519:
10517:
10514:
10512:
10509:
10507:
10504:
10500:
10496:
10491:
10488:
10486:
10483:
10481:
10478:
10476:
10473:
10471:
10468:
10466:
10463:
10461:
10458:
10456:
10453:
10451:
10450:Pan-Mongolism
10448:
10446:
10443:
10441:
10438:
10436:
10433:
10431:
10428:
10426:
10425:Pan-Indianism
10423:
10421:
10418:
10416:
10413:
10409:
10406:
10404:
10401:
10400:
10399:
10396:
10394:
10393:Pan-Germanism
10391:
10389:
10388:Pan-Finnicism
10386:
10384:
10383:Pan-Celticism
10381:
10379:
10376:
10374:
10373:Pan-Caribbean
10371:
10369:
10366:
10362:
10359:
10357:
10354:
10352:
10349:
10347:
10344:
10340:
10337:
10336:
10335:
10332:
10328:
10325:
10324:
10323:
10320:
10318:
10315:
10314:
10313:
10310:
10304:
10299:
10296:
10294:
10291:
10290:
10287:
10282:
10279:
10277:
10274:
10270:
10267:
10263:
10260:
10259:
10258:
10255:
10254:
10253:
10250:
10248:
10245:
10243:
10240:
10238:
10235:
10233:
10230:
10228:
10225:
10221:
10216:
10213:
10211:
10208:
10204:
10199:
10196:
10194:
10191:
10189:
10186:
10184:
10181:
10179:
10176:
10174:
10171:
10167:
10162:
10159:
10157:
10154:
10152:
10149:
10147:
10144:
10142:
10139:
10137:
10134:
10132:
10129:
10127:
10124:
10122:
10119:
10117:
10114:
10112:
10109:
10107:
10104:
10102:
10099:
10098:
10096:
10092:
10088:
10081:
10076:
10074:
10069:
10067:
10062:
10061:
10058:
10046:
10038:
10037:
10034:
10028:
10025:
10023:
10020:
10018:
10015:
10013:
10010:
10009:
10007:
10003:
9997:
9994:
9992:
9989:
9988:
9986:
9982:
9976:
9973:
9971:
9968:
9966:
9963:
9961:
9958:
9956:
9953:
9950:
9949:Gold standard
9946:
9943:
9942:
9940:
9938:
9934:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9909:
9906:
9905:
9903:
9901:
9897:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9883:
9880:
9876:
9873:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9847:
9844:
9841:
9839:
9835:
9825:
9822:
9821:
9819:
9815:
9809:
9806:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9796:
9794:
9791:
9789:
9786:
9784:
9781:
9779:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9770:
9768:
9766:
9762:
9756:
9753:
9751:
9748:
9746:
9743:
9742:
9740:
9736:
9730:
9727:
9724:
9722:
9719:
9717:
9714:
9712:
9709:
9707:
9704:
9702:
9699:
9697:
9694:
9692:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9683:
9681:
9679:
9675:
9669:
9666:
9665:
9663:
9661:
9657:
9651:
9648:
9646:
9643:
9641:
9638:
9637:
9635:
9633:
9629:
9623:
9622:2025 election
9620:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9604:
9602:
9600:
9596:
9590:
9587:
9586:
9584:
9582:
9578:
9572:
9569:
9567:
9564:
9562:
9559:
9558:
9555:
9552:
9550:
9546:
9540:
9537:
9535:
9534:Member states
9532:
9530:
9527:
9525:
9522:
9521:
9519:
9517:
9513:
9505:
9502:
9500:
9497:
9496:
9495:
9494:
9490:
9488:
9485:
9483:
9480:
9478:
9475:
9473:
9470:
9468:
9465:
9463:
9460:
9458:
9455:
9453:
9450:
9449:
9447:
9445:
9441:
9437:
9436:African Union
9430:
9425:
9423:
9418:
9416:
9411:
9410:
9407:
9395:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9386:
9381:
9377:
9374:
9370:
9369:
9365:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9351:
9349:
9346:
9344:
9341:
9339:
9336:
9334:
9331:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9281:
9280:
9278:
9276:
9272:
9262:
9259:
9255:
9252:
9250:
9247:
9246:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9229:Ethnic groups
9227:
9225:
9222:
9218:
9215:
9214:
9213:
9210:
9209:
9207:
9205:
9201:
9191:
9188:
9186:
9183:
9181:
9178:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9155:African Games
9153:
9151:
9148:
9147:
9145:
9143:
9139:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9123:
9120:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9084:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9072:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9040:Caste systems
9038:
9036:
9035:Birth control
9033:
9031:
9028:
9027:
9024:
9021:
9017:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8984:
8982:
8979:
8977:
8974:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8964:
8962:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8951:Central banks
8949:
8948:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8936:
8926:
8923:
8919:
8916:
8915:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8890:
8887:
8886:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8875:
8872:
8870:
8867:
8866:
8865:
8862:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8845:
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8172:Organizations
8169:
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8133:Burning Spear
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7942:Kwame Nkrumah
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7927:Robert Mugabe
7925:
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7907:Samora Machel
7905:
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7892:Jomo Kenyatta
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7872:Marcus Garvey
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6381:Watson, Joe;
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652:Black leftism
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482:Africa portal
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368:Walter Rodney
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348:Robert Mugabe
346:
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319:
318:Marcus Garvey
316:
314:
311:
309:
308:Kwame Nkrumah
306:
304:
301:
299:
298:Julius Malema
296:
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293:Jomo Kenyatta
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19:
10994:Pashtunistan
10949:Latin Africa
10919:
10783:Greater Iraq
10778:Greater Iran
10755:
10640:Celtic union
10608:Baltoscandia
10490:Pan-Tatarism
10475:Scandinavism
10440:Pan-Latinism
10435:Pan-Islamism
10415:Panhispanism
10368:Pan-Asianism
10281:Pan-Andinism
10251:
9491:
9477:Abuja Treaty
9451:
9244:Urbanization
9204:Demographics
9180:Rugby Africa
9087:Architecture
8971:Billionaires
8907:
8864:Human rights
8634:Indian Ocean
8565:North Africa
8329:
8292:
8118:Paul Robeson
8043:Frantz Fanon
8018:Aimé Césaire
7887:Modibo KeĂŻta
7832:Dennis Akumu
7795:
7788:
7781:
7716:Afrocentrism
7684:
7633:
7614:
7607:
7596:
7577:
7565:
7561:
7551:
7540:
7512:
7502:Bibliography
7491:
7481:
7460:(3): 13–33.
7457:
7453:
7447:
7435:. Retrieved
7412:
7407:
7397:
7389:
7380:
7370:
7361:
7352:
7342:November 16,
7340:. Retrieved
7336:
7326:
7312:
7279:
7275:
7265:
7257:the original
7252:
7243:
7233:November 23,
7231:. Retrieved
7227:the original
7216:
7204:. Retrieved
7198:
7188:
7174:
7165:
7156:
7140:
7133:Paul Robeson
7132:
7110:
7090:
7083:
7069:
7052:
7048:
7042:
7012:. Pretoria.
7009:
6981:
6977:
6967:
6934:
6928:
6919:
6915:
6869:
6846:. Retrieved
6826:
6818:
6806:. Retrieved
6801:
6792:
6775:
6769:
6760:
6751:
6738:
6719:
6707:. Retrieved
6703:the original
6693:
6684:
6679:
6660:
6641:
6636:
6622:cite journal
6613:
6609:
6596:
6579:
6575:
6565:
6535:(2): 25–44.
6532:
6528:
6522:
6510:. Retrieved
6505:
6466:
6462:
6435:. Retrieved
6431:
6421:
6394:
6390:
6376:
6359:
6340:December 16,
6338:. Retrieved
6333:
6324:
6297:
6293:
6268:. Retrieved
6264:
6254:
6242:. Retrieved
6238:
6229:
6204:
6200:
6193:
6183:November 15,
6181:. Retrieved
6169:
6165:
6155:
6145:November 16,
6143:. Retrieved
6131:
6127:
6117:
6107:November 16,
6105:. Retrieved
6093:
6089:
6064:November 16,
6062:. Retrieved
6050:
6046:
6036:
6026:November 16,
6024:. Retrieved
6012:
6008:
5998:
5988:November 16,
5986:. Retrieved
5974:
5970:
5947:November 16,
5945:. Retrieved
5936:(177): 720.
5933:
5929:
5919:
5909:November 18,
5907:. Retrieved
5902:
5898:
5875:November 16,
5873:. Retrieved
5853:
5849:
5823:November 16,
5821:. Retrieved
5816:
5812:
5789:November 16,
5787:. Retrieved
5782:
5778:
5768:
5758:November 15,
5756:. Retrieved
5736:
5732:
5700:
5696:
5690:
5680:November 15,
5678:. Retrieved
5650:
5646:
5636:
5624:. Retrieved
5620:
5597:
5592:
5583:
5579:
5573:
5564:
5558:
5542:. Springer.
5539:
5533:
5524:
5503:
5495:
5487:
5471:
5466:
5458:
5453:
5445:
5440:
5432:
5427:
5419:
5414:
5406:
5405:Kyle Keith,
5401:
5393:
5377:
5372:
5364:
5347:
5330:
5321:
5304:
5300:
5294:
5261:
5257:
5247:
5239:
5230:
5222:
5213:
5201:
5193:
5185:
5175:December 27,
5173:. Retrieved
5170:BBC Bitesize
5169:
5160:
5150:February 16,
5148:. Retrieved
5144:
5135:
5118:
5113:
5076:
5072:
5063:
5050:
5041:
5035:
5023:. Retrieved
5000:
4975:
4963:. Retrieved
4959:
4950:
4930:
4908:(1): 56–74.
4905:
4901:
4895:
4886:
4881:
4873:Africana Age
4872:
4862:
4853:
4847:
4839:
4831:
4825:(8): 190 ff.
4822:
4816:
4806:
4781:
4775:
4769:
4743:
4742:
4705:
4621:Les Afriques
4619:
4581:
4577:
4560:Y'en a Marre
4551:
4547:
4535:
4519:
4499:
4494:
4471:
4436:
4394:
4382:World War II
4378:Paul Robeson
4367:
4289:South Africa
4248:
4170:
4165:
4133:
4125:
4121:
4113:
4091:
4061:
4030:
3977:
3973:
3968:Authenticité
3966:
3956:
3949:
3922:
3911:
3883:
3876:
3857:
3843:
3836:
3810:
3762:
3730:
3721:
3701:
3690:
3680:Audley Moore
3677:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3634:
3629:
3626:
3609:
3594:Afrocentrism
3587:
3566:
3559:
3529:
3512:
3496:
3491:Sanniquellie
3480:
3464:
3452:South Africa
3448:
3440:Algerian FLN
3432:Frantz Fanon
3389:
3385:
3369:
3350:
3298:West Indians
3271:
3252:
3237:
3211:William Pitt
3198:
3183:Ethiopianism
3172:
3149:
3138:Lenox Avenue
3096:homogenizing
3089:
3085:
2989:Aimé Césaire
2966:
2957:Johannesburg
2930:
2914:the Americas
2899:
2891:colonization
2884:
2859:between all
2852:
2851:
2844:Flag of the
2657:Sierra Leone
2489:Philadelphia
2459:Jacksonville
2055:Brass Ankles
1832:
1808:Conservatism
1783:Afrocentrism
1755:Joint Center
1646:Black church
1637:Institutions
1552:Billionaires
1542:Middle class
1495:Celebrations
1458:Fraternities
1112:Youth rights
1097:The Troubles
1016:
1009:
997:
990:
893:Fred Hampton
878:Elaine Brown
863:Angela Davis
681:
632:Afrocentrism
459:Black people
268:Frantz Fanon
253:Dennis Akumu
174:
147:
133:Afrocentrism
44:
29:
11039:Union State
10959:Malay world
10932:Intermarium
10895:Great Timor
10846: [
10653: [
10571:Anglosphere
10552:Territorial
10543:Yugoslavism
10506:Pan-Turkism
10493: [
10485:Pan-Slavism
10480:Pan-Serbism
10430:Pan-Iranism
10420:Pan-Iberism
10312:Pan-Arabism
10301: [
10284: [
10218: [
10201: [
10164: [
10151:Eurasianism
10101:Atlanticism
9870:Enlargement
9645:Secretariat
9607:Chairperson
9589:Chairperson
9499:Chairperson
9487:Lome Summit
9254:urban areas
9175:FIBA Africa
8874:LGBT rights
8572:Archaeology
8180:Educational
7993:Marimba Ani
7917:Thabo Mbeki
7825:Politicians
7777:Black power
7628:‹ The
7604:Tony Martin
7592:Colin Legum
6922:(1): 65–75.
6709:October 15,
6334:Guardian ng
5586:(1): 45–57.
5504:ON THIS DAY
5264:(1): 1–26.
4713:Pan-Arabism
4496:Afrocentric
4485:colonialism
4481:imperialism
4443:TransAfrica
4425:Watts riots
4386:Third World
4197:in 2006 in
4083:South Sudan
3965:'s view of
3899:A mural in
3844:Akil and Me
3778:. Her son,
3649:Negro World
3636:Negro World
3334:West Africa
3330:Alain Locke
3164:colonialism
2945:Addis Ababa
2926:imperialism
2887:enslavement
2725:Stereotypes
2652:Nova Scotia
2534:Mississippi
2494:San Antonio
2474:Los Angeles
2409:Black mecca
2336:Mississippi
2243:Negro Dutch
2065:Dominickers
2009:Multiethnic
1918:TransAfrica
1828:Nationalism
1798:Black power
1582:Black pride
1547:Upper class
1246:Politicians
1107:White power
913:John Africa
903:Hakim Jamal
662:Black pride
596:Raised fist
548:Black power
444:Afro-Latino
68:African art
18:Pan-African
11120:Categories
11086:Pan-ethnic
11061:Upper Peru
11024:Sinosphere
10964:Maphilindo
10954:Lusosphere
10927:Indosphere
10921:Hispanidad
10593:Arab world
10588:Arab Union
10511:Rattachism
9991:Africa Day
9945:Currencies
9599:Commission
9224:Emigration
9127:Philosophy
9107:Literature
8553:Chronology
8093:Ali Mazrui
8003:Steve Biko
7817:Proponents
7576:, and as:
7473:1518929583
7466:A367643901
7394:Tate, Greg
6848:October 7,
6842:0761317538
6802:WorldAtlas
6699:"About Us"
6557:2328300614
6368:2636139528
6015:(1): 142.
5977:(1): 135.
5856:(1): 286.
4762:References
4584:generation
4437:Nguzo Saba
4374:Max Yergan
4352:), defunct
4323:(Barbados)
4108:See also:
3436:journalist
3394:(AAPC) in
3267:Manchester
3225:George III
3203:parliament
3152:philosophy
3041:Kwame Ture
2969:grassroots
2857:solidarity
2291:California
2265:Population
1838:Patriotism
1823:Liberalism
1803:Capitalism
1774:Ideologies
1655:Theologies
1514:Juneteenth
1486:Literature
1414:Newspapers
1322:Migrations
1253:Juneteenth
1072:Hutu Power
963:Rosa Parks
953:Obi Egbuna
616:Ideologies
598:events of
439:Afro-Asian
102:Ideologies
10984:Occitania
10979:Kurdistan
10645:Cossackia
10561:Abya Yala
10242:One China
10116:Berberism
9516:Geography
9060:Languages
9050:Etiquette
8976:Education
8849:Democracy
8844:Elections
8744:Geography
8703:By region
8687:conflicts
8560:Antiquity
8201:Political
8083:Malcolm X
8078:Fela Kuti
7922:Tom Mboya
7783:NĂ©gritude
7746:Sankarism
7741:Nkrumaism
7736:Garveyism
7537:Hakim Adi
7492:Afrik.com
7437:April 27,
7304:143527325
7028:cite book
6953:cite book
6888:cite book
6784:510385952
6549:204634348
6512:April 27,
6485:245324443
6437:April 27,
6413:230603967
6316:202250820
6270:April 27,
6244:April 27,
6221:151249940
6172:(1): 58.
6134:(1): 55.
6096:(1): 53.
6053:(1): 91.
5870:149184662
5753:155055871
5705:CiteSeerX
5703:(1): 24.
5675:157178972
5422:, p. 179.
5286:242294844
5278:2327-1868
5083:: 26–56.
5010:Routledge
4922:210466747
4798:140509880
4707:NĂ©gritude
4686:Afro-Asia
4542:Greg Tate
4340:In Europe
4335:(Jamaica)
4329:(Jamaica)
4275:, defunct
4253:, defunct
4208:In Africa
4201:, Nigeria
4116:bourgeois
4104:Criticism
3958:NĂ©gritude
3925:apartheid
3862:(now the
3832:Burna boy
3780:Fela Kuti
3770:, in the
3708:Kimberley
3704:Cape Town
3665:apartheid
3541:Malcolm X
3456:Tom Mboya
3338:Caribbean
3233:George IV
3218:abolition
3132:Jamaican
3092:socialist
3069:Malcolm X
2749:Hollywood
2739:Blackface
2674:Prejudice
2592:US cities
2469:Lexington
2444:Davenport
2424:Baltimore
2400:US cities
2376:Tennessee
2326:Louisiana
2272:US states
2080:Melungeon
2050:Blaxicans
1848:Socialism
1813:Garveyism
1788:Anarchism
1592:Good hair
1419:Soul food
1389:Folktales
1092:Socialism
1062:Communism
1037:Anarchism
943:Michael X
918:Malcolm X
363:Tom Mboya
328:Musa Ngum
313:Malcolm X
165:Sankarism
160:Rastafari
155:Nkrumaism
149:NĂ©gritude
143:Garveyism
11076:Zambesia
11029:Tamazgha
10554:concepts
10531:Turanism
10045:Category
9923:Passport
9838:Politics
9581:Assembly
9389:Category
9234:HIV/AIDS
9065:Religion
9030:Abortion
8986:Internet
8913:Politics
8889:feminism
8827:Politics
8682:Military
8660:By topic
8624:Atlantic
8587:Sahelian
8537:articles
8356:Dynamics
7837:Idi Amin
7765:Concepts
7699:Variants
7692:Ideology
7630:template
7469:ProQuest
7206:July 17,
6808:June 11,
6780:ProQuest
6727:Archived
6553:ProQuest
6364:ProQuest
6239:Statista
6059:40282431
6021:20640673
5983:20640673
5942:43617565
5490:, p. 10.
5461:, p. 47.
5448:, p. 46.
5435:, p. 45.
5396:, p. 42.
5097:24351577
5039:Goebel,
4939:Archived
4744:General:
4634:See also
4435:and the
4303:Barbados
4162:states,
4148:Idi Amin
4098:Ethiopia
4071:Americas
4069:and the
4057:New York
3905:Tanzania
3848:Tanzania
3814:Facebook
3784:Afrobeat
3776:Cold War
3768:Abeokuta
3750:polygamy
3506:and the
3404:Ethiopia
3357:Diaspora
3336:and the
3304:such as
3227:and the
3100:diaspora
3081:diaspora
2963:Overview
2947:and the
2910:Africans
2902:diaspora
2868:ancestry
2789:Category
2612:Diaspora
2539:Missouri
2464:Kentucky
2391:Virginia
2361:Oklahoma
2346:New York
2341:Nebraska
2331:Maryland
2306:Illinois
2286:Arkansas
2125:Merikins
2070:Freedmen
2043:Mascogos
1843:Populism
1734:Politics
1629:Religion
1599:Stepping
1365:Lifeways
1201:Timeline
1168:a series
1166:Part of
1125:Category
1077:New Left
1067:Feminism
540:a series
390:Dynamics
353:Sam Mbah
283:Idi Amin
35:Part of
11096:Latinos
10598:Assyria
9984:Culture
9937:Economy
9900:Symbols
9539:Regions
9524:Borders
9444:History
9373:Outline
9275:By year
9217:density
9102:Cuisine
9075:Culture
9019:Society
8996:Poverty
8939:Economy
8918:parties
8786:Central
8781:Regions
8771:Islands
8710:Central
8672:Empires
8667:Economy
8629:Barbary
8619:Slavery
8582:Empires
8545:History
8419:Kwanzaa
8387:Related
8318:Symbols
8305:ZANU–PF
7632:below (
7296:2784725
6978:Austral
6671:2659904
5905:(1): 26
5819:(1): 25
5079:(145).
4965:May 24,
4838:(ed.),
4538:hip hop
4532:Hip-hop
4510:Kawaida
4477:slavery
4458:groups.
4433:Kwanzaa
4281:(Ghana)
4269:(Kenya)
4174:Nigeria
3931:led by
3923:During
3889:Concept
3830:artist
3822:YouTube
3818:Twitter
3588:In the
3578:Ugandan
3571:, that
3504:Somalia
3500:Nigeria
3444:Algeria
3424:Tunisia
3420:Morocco
3412:Liberia
3340:to the
3156:slavery
3106:History
2953:Midrand
2865:African
2647:Liberia
2529:Georgia
2524:Florida
2454:Houston
2449:Detroit
2434:Chicago
2419:Atlanta
2311:Indiana
2301:Georgia
2296:Florida
2281:Alabama
2213:Tutnese
2092:Redbone
1818:Leftism
1519:Kwanzaa
1476:Studies
1428:Schools
1357:Culture
1286:Aspects
1231:Slavery
1193:Periods
1185:History
1031:Related
591:Kwanzaa
565:History
423:Related
11089:groups
10141:Enosis
10005:Theory
9913:Emblem
9908:Anthem
9803:AMISOM
9788:UNAMID
9640:Bureau
9549:Organs
9394:Portal
9249:cities
9097:Cinema
9055:Health
8813:Rivers
8535:
8533:Africa
7986:Others
7797:Ujamaa
7790:Ubuntu
7756:Zikism
7649:Curlie
7645:Africa
7635:Curlie
7584:
7572:
7510:about
7471:
7464:
7302:
7294:
7098:
7016:
6941:
6876:
6839:
6782:
6669:
6648:
6555:
6547:
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6366:
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5940:
5868:
5751:
5707:
5673:
5665:
5546:
5284:
5276:
5126:
5095:
5016:
5006:London
4920:
4796:
4407:, and
4357:Norway
4075:Malawi
4067:Africa
4025:, 1897
3988:racism
3937:Garvey
3840:Ubongo
3745:Muslim
3736:Guinea
3697:UNICEF
3569:Uganda
3483:Guinea
3474:, the
3460:Kenyan
3426:, and
3312:, and
3284:, and
3189:, the
3187:London
3166:, and
3160:racism
3142:Harlem
3067:, and
2880:Europe
2681:Racism
2642:Israel
2632:France
2627:Canada
2622:Africa
2429:Boston
2366:Oregon
2321:Kansas
2231:Gullah
2120:Gullah
1940:Sports
1687:Hoodoo
857:People
429:Africa
217:People
176:Ujamaa
11071:Turan
10850:]
10657:]
10501:]
10305:]
10288:]
10222:]
10205:]
10168:]
10094:Ideas
9965:NEPAD
9808:MISCA
9773:ACIRC
9380:Index
9142:Sport
9122:Music
9117:Media
8801:South
8796:North
8725:South
8720:North
7300:S2CID
7292:JSTOR
6984:(9).
6606:(PDF)
6545:S2CID
6481:S2CID
6409:S2CID
6312:S2CID
6217:S2CID
6055:JSTOR
6017:JSTOR
5979:JSTOR
5938:JSTOR
5866:S2CID
5846:(PDF)
5749:S2CID
5671:S2CID
5663:JSTOR
5282:S2CID
5093:JSTOR
4918:S2CID
4794:S2CID
4592:trees
4588:nexus
4473:Maafa
4199:Abuja
4079:Kenya
4049:green
4045:black
3901:Ujiji
3428:Sudan
3416:Libya
3408:Ghana
3400:Egypt
3396:Accra
3372:Ghana
3286:Lagos
3282:Accra
3259:Paris
3215:white
3185:. In
3150:As a
2794:Index
2637:Ghana
2559:Texas
2484:Omaha
2381:Texas
1893:NAACP
1404:Names
1394:Music
1374:Dance
985:Works
542:about
10012:Afro
9918:Flag
9850:APRM
9798:AMIS
9793:AMIB
9617:AUCC
9358:2020
9353:2019
9348:2018
9343:2017
9338:2016
9333:2015
9328:2014
9323:2013
9318:2012
9313:2011
9308:2010
9303:2009
9298:2008
9293:2007
9288:2006
9283:2005
8806:West
8791:East
8730:West
8715:East
7582:ISBN
7570:ISBN
7462:Gale
7439:2022
7344:2023
7235:2021
7208:2021
7096:ISBN
7034:link
7014:ISBN
6959:link
6939:ISBN
6894:link
6874:ISBN
6850:2014
6837:ISBN
6810:2021
6711:2015
6667:SSRN
6646:ISBN
6628:link
6514:2022
6439:2022
6342:2023
6272:2022
6246:2022
6185:2021
6147:2021
6109:2021
6066:2021
6028:2021
5990:2021
5949:2021
5911:2021
5877:2021
5825:2021
5791:2021
5783:2935
5760:2021
5682:2021
5628:2022
5544:ISBN
5274:ISSN
5177:2022
5152:2017
5124:ISBN
5027:2015
5014:ISBN
4967:2020
4612:and
4568:2012
4415:The
4376:and
4368:The
4085:and
4047:and
4037:flag
4033:UNIA
4010:and
3820:and
3667:and
3458:, a
3363:and
3351:The
3344:and
3300:and
3253:The
3222:King
2906:race
2889:and
2878:and
2727:and
2386:Utah
2356:Ohio
2316:Iowa
1923:UNCF
1384:Film
1233:and
830:SNCC
795:MOVE
604:1972
602:and
600:1968
62:Arts
9092:Art
7647:at
7284:doi
7057:doi
6986:doi
6584:doi
6537:doi
6471:doi
6399:doi
6302:doi
6209:doi
6205:104
6174:doi
6136:doi
6098:doi
5934:175
5858:doi
5785:: 3
5741:doi
5655:doi
5309:doi
5266:doi
5085:doi
5077:145
4910:doi
4786:doi
4055:in
4041:red
3955:'s
3939:'s
3524:OAU
3140:in
3120:at
2912:in
1481:Art
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11098:,
10848:pt
10655:de
10499:tt
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