Palaiologos - Knowledge

1158: 1435: 1375:, who wished to take advantage of the Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347, between Andronikos II's great-grandson John V and John VI Kantakouzenos, in order to invade the empire and conquer Thessaloniki. In his will from 1372, John II claimed that Andronikos II's deposition in 1328 by his grandson Andronikos III (John V's father) had been unlawful and thus disqualified Andronikos III and all his heirs from the legitimate line of succession to the throne of Byzantium. John II also pointed out that since Andronikos II had disinherited Andronikos III, John II was thus the rightful emperor as the only true heir to Andronikos II. John II even petitioned the Papacy to recognize his claims to Thessaloniki and to the empire, and to help him conquer them. An expedition to "recover" these territories was never organized. 1146:

Morea, represented little more than a nuisance to Mehmed II and they were thus allowed to keep their titles and lands as Ottoman vassals. Under their rule, the Morea was transformed into somewhat of a Byzantine government-in-exile, as Byzantine refugees from Constantinople and elsewhere fled to their courts, some even wishing to proclaim Demetrios, the elder brother, as Constantine's successor and the new Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans. The brothers were divided in their policies. Thomas retained hope that the Papacy might yet call for a crusade to restore the Byzantine Empire whereas Demetrios, probably the more realistic of the two, had more or less given up hope of Christian aid from the West and believed it to be best to placate the Turks.

1229:, recognized Andreas as the rightful heir of the old emperors. Andreas and Manuel soon faced financial problems, with the pension once provided to their father having been split between the two of them and constantly cut back by the Papacy. Andreas attempted to sell his claims to various Byzantine titles to earn money, but since Manuel did not have any claims to sell (as he was the second son), he instead travelled around Europe hoping to enter into the service of some noble. After not receiving any satisfactory offers, Manuel surprised the establishment in Rome by travelling to Constantinople in 1476 and presenting himself before Sultan Mehmed II. The sultan generously received him and Manuel stayed in Constantinople for the rest of his life. 1348: 1367:, would be sent to live among, and rule over, Latins, was bad enough but there were also fears that he and his descendants might become 'Latinized' and that the Italians, as a result of the Montferrat inheritance, could launch an invasion in the future in hopes of placing a Catholic Palaiologos on the Byzantine throne. In the end, Andronikos II's fourth son (in order to not jeopardize the line of succession), Theodore, was chosen to travel to Montferrat, arriving there in 1306. Byzantine fears of Latinization became true; Theodore converted to Catholicism and on his visits to Constantinople, Theodore shocked the Byzantines with his shaven face and Western customs. 1296: 1017: 2040: 849: 712: 1616: 1739: 55: 1857: 474:, was viewed as heresy and treason. Though Constantine XI died in communion with Rome (and thus as a "heretic"), his death in battle against the Ottomans, defending Constantinople, made the Greeks and the Orthodox church remember him as a hero, redeeming popular opinion of the dynasty as a whole. The role of the Palaiologoi as the final Christian dynasty to rule over Greek lands also accorded them a more positive remembrance among Greeks during the period of Ottoman rule. 1570: 1150:

the war against his brother as a holy war against the Muslims, caused Mehmed to invade the Morea in 1460. Mehmed was victorious and annexed the region directly into the Ottoman Empire, ending Palaiologan rule in Greece. Demetrios surrendered to the Ottomans without a fight and Thomas escaped into exile. Demetrios lived in the Ottoman Empire for the rest of his life, dying in 1470. His only child, his daughter Helena, never married the sultan nor entered the sultan's

504: 2144: 1459:, died in the battle, whereas others were taken prisoner and executed. Nobles that could escape mostly did, many fleeing to the Morea where they had estates. There, they faced a dilemma. The Byzantine Empire had fallen and the rulers of the Morea, Thomas and Demetrios, appeared more interested in their own rivalry than in organizing resistance against the Ottomans. As such, many of them escaped into Western Europe either before or after the Morea fell in 1460. 884: 1127: 12714: 1903: 2140:. In the eyes of the Orthodox church, Constantine's death sanctified him and he died a hero. As Ottoman rule continued, many Greeks dreamed of a day when a new emperor would once more rule a sizeable Greek domain. Some even believed that Constantine XI would return to rescue them, that he was not actually dead but merely asleep, awaiting a call from the heavens to return and restore Christian control over Constantinople. 1463:

Western rulers were conscious of their failure to prevent Byzantium's fall and welcomed these men at their courts. The refugees were helped in that many in Western Europe would have been unaware of the intricacies of Byzantine naming customs; to Western Europeans, the name Palaiologos meant the imperial dynasty. Though such Palaiologoi, imperial or not, were mainly concentrated in northern Italy, such as in

1103:, who became sultan in 1451, was obsessed with the idea of conquering Constantinople. In an effort to extort money from Mehmed, Constantine implicitly threatened to release Orhan Çelebi, Mehmed's cousin and the only other known living member of the Ottoman dynasty (and as such a potential rival to Mehmed), who was held prisoner in Constantinople. The ill-advised threat gave Mehmed a 1836:, having helped the Greek refugees there achieve permission to construct the San Giorgio dei Greci church in the first place, and his family was highly regarded by the locals. Theodore's descendants and relatives lived on in Venice and its territories long after his death. His nephew, Zuanne Paleologo, and two of Zuanne's sons, died on Cyprus, fighting the Ottomans during the 1570 1308:

asserted their right not only to the position of Roman emperor but also to a church independent of the one centered in Rome. The Popes in the immediate aftermath of the Latin Empire's fall pursued a policy of attempting to assert their religious authority over the Byzantine Empire. Some Western pretenders who wished to restore the Latin Empire, such as the King of Sicily,

2172:, inquiring if descendants of Ferdinand Paleologus still lived on the island. The letter supposedly requested that if that was the case, the head of the family should be provided with the means of returning to Greece, with the trip paid for by the Greek government. Ultimately, the delegation's search was in vain and they found no living embodiments of their lost empire. 1049:(1396) failing to stop the sultan. The situation was so dire that Manuel left Constantinople to travel around Western Europe asking for further aid against the Ottomans, visiting Italy, France and England. Ultimately, the siege was resolved peacefully by Manuel through signing a peace treaty with Bayezid's son and successor, 454:, and partly due to frequent civil wars between members of the Palaiologos family. By the beginning of the 15th century, the emperors had lost any real power, with the empire effectively having become a client state to the new Ottoman Empire. Their rule of the empire continued until 1453 when Ottoman sultan 1462:

Many Byzantine refugees, though unrelated to the emperors, legitimately bore the name Palaiologos due to the extensive nature of the family. Because the name could lend whoever bore it prestige (as well as possible monetary support), many refugees fabricated closer links to the imperial dynasty. Many

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had been relatively widespread in the Byzantine Empire, and the family had been quite extensive before a branch of it acceded to the imperial throne. Many of the non-imperial Byzantine Palaiologoi were part of the nobility and served as generals or powerful landowners. In addition to the non-imperial

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In the aftermath of Constantinople's fall, one of the most pressing threats to the new Ottoman regime was the possibility that one of Constantine XI's relatives would secure support and return to reclaim the empire. However, it soon became apparent Constantine's closest relatives, his brothers in the

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The Palaiologoi ruled Byzantium at its weakest point in history, and the empire underwent significant economical and political decline. Even in this state, the empire, famous for its frequent civil wars, was unable to stay united. In 1320, Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos attempted to disinherit his

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in 1274, legitimizing him and his successors as rulers of Constantinople in the eyes of the West. Michael's son and successor Andronikos II wished to further legitimize the rule of the Palaiologan dynasty. Other crusader states had been formed in Greece as a result of the Fourth Crusade, notably the

2184:, omitting many children and descendants of female members of the dynasty. Most marriages that did not produce children are also omitted. Emperors are indicated with bold text and women are indicated with italics. Dotted lines indicate illegitimate offspring. Family trees for related families (i.e. 2095:

Though Michael's successor Andronikos II quickly repudiated the Union of the Churches, many of the Palaiologan emperors worked to ensure its restoration. As the Ottoman Empire grew to encompass more and more Byzantine territory, emperors such as John V and Manuel II labored intensely to restore the

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When the Byzantines reconquered Constantinople in 1261 under Michael VIII Palaiologos, the Papacy suffered a loss of prestige and endured severe damage to its spiritual authority. For 57 years, Constantinople had been under Catholic rule through the Latin Empire and now the easterners had once more

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in the Empire of Nicaea. Through the preceding century or so of Palaiologan marriages to other imperial families, his ancestry could be traced back to the three most recent dynasties that had ruled the empire before the Fourth Crusade (Doukas, Komnenos and Angelos). In his youth, Michael had served

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The Palaiologoi's many marriages with prominent Byzantine families was reflected in their choice of surnames, with earlier members of the imperial dynasty using the surnames of several of the previous ruling dynasties to reinforce their legitimacy. For instance, Michael VIII Palaiologos's full name

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until 1536 and died out in 1566. Because the family was extensive before it produced emperors, the name Palaiologos was legitimately held not only by nobles part of the actual imperial dynasty. As a result, many Byzantine refugees who fled to Western Europe in the aftermath of Constantinople's fall

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Behold how our merciful and omniscient Lord has managed to preserve the integrity of our holy Orthodox faith and to save (us) all; he brought forth out of nothing the powerful Empire of the Ottomans, which he set up in the place of our Empire of the Romaioi, which had begun in some ways to deviate

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During most of their tenure as Byzantine emperors, the Palaiologan dynasty was not well-liked by their subjects. Not only were the means the family had used to gain the throne grim, but their religious policy alienated many within the empire. The Palaiologan emperors aspired to reunite the Eastern

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Because people with the name live throughout the world and might not even be related in the first place, creating an all-encompassing modern Palaiologos genealogy is next to impossible. It is possible that many of the modern people who bear the name are descended from wealthy Greeks in the Ottoman

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of calling for a crusade against the Ottomans. Though Pius II was eager to go through with the idea, and Thomas rode around Italy in the hopes of drumming up support for the venture, no crusade materialized this time either. Thomas died on 12 May 1465 and shortly thereafter Zoe, Andreas and Manuel

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In January 1459, rivalry between the brothers broke out into civil war as Thomas, with the aid of some of the Albanian lords in the Morea, seized a series of fortresses held by Demetrios. The ongoing civil war, and the possibility that Thomas could receive aid from the West since he had proclaimed

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The absence of any mentions of John Palaiologos in contemporary sources means that the Paleologus family's status as genuine male-line descendants of the last few Byzantine emperors can not be proven, but it is not impossible. None of their own contemporaries appear to have doubted their imperial

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Theodore's descendants, the Palaeologus-Montferrat family, ruled at Montferrat until the 16th century, though they were sometimes given Greek names, such as Theodore and Sophia, most of the Palaiologan Marquises of Montferrat paid little attention to affairs in the eastern Mediterranean. The only

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in 1439, Emperor John VIII reaffirmed the Union in the light of imminent Turkish attacks on what little remained of his empire. To the Byzantine citizens themselves, the Union of the Churches, which to John VIII served as an assurance of a great western crusade against the Ottomans, was a death

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Through most of John VIII's reign, Constantine and Thomas ruled as Despots of the Morea, with Demetrios governing a stretch of land in Thrace. Demetrios was unhappy with his subordinate position and assaulted Constantinople in 1442, with Ottoman help, in an attempt to seize the city and become

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Modern researchers overwhelmingly dismiss the existence of Rogerio as fantasy, given his clearly Italian first name, the unlikelihood of a potential imperial heir being kept as a hostage in Italy and that there are no mentions of such a figure in Byzantine records. The contemporary historian

814:, as Byzantine emperors had been before the city was lost to the crusaders. John IV, the last representative of the imperial Laskaris dynasty, was pushed aside in order to consolidate the Palaiologos family on the throne. On John IV's eleventh birthday, 25 December 1261, the boy was deposed, 2020:

The Paleologo Mastrogiovanni family is an extant family in Italy, but their claimed family history mainly derives from oral tradition, with few documents supporting it. None of the documents have been authenticated and there are several issues with the overall reconstruction of events and

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There is no evidence that the final emperor, Constantine XI, ever repudiated the union achieved at Florence in 1439. Many of his subjects had chastised him as a traitor and heretic while he lived and he, like many of his predecessors before him, died in communion with the Church of Rome.

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of Romania, claiming to be the descendants of an otherwise unattested son of Theodore II Palaiologos, Despot of the Morea, called Emanuel Petrus (Manuel Petros in Greek). The Paleologu also live in Malta and France, one of the most famous members of the family being the French diplomat

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emperor himself. John VIII, aided by Constantine, successfully repulsed this attack and Demetrios was briefly imprisoned as punishment. After John VIII's death in June 1448, the candidates for the throne were brothers Constantine, Demetrios and Thomas. To avoid infighting, their mother

399:, served as a commander there in the second half of the 11th century. Over the course of the 12th century, the Palaiologoi were mostly part of the military aristocracy, not recorded as occupying any administrative political offices, and they frequently intermarried with the then ruling 1967:

Some Italian genealogies from the 17th century onwards ascribe further sons to Thomas Palaiologos, in addition to both Andreas, Manuel and the unverified John. Notably, these include a supposed older son called Rogerio or Ruggerio, supposedly born around 1430 and sent as a hostage to

2164:, the provisional government of liberated Greece sent a delegation to Western Europe in search of possible descendants of those imperial Palaiologoi that had escaped into exile. The delegation visited places in Italy where Palaiologoi were known to have resided and even came to 2029:, who described the life of Thomas Palaiologos in detail, wrote on the birth of Andreas Palaiologos on 17 January 1453 that the boy was "a continuator and heir" of the Palaiologan lineage, a phrase which makes little sense if Andreas was not Thomas's first-born son. 1763:

was the only major non-Muslim power in the Eastern Mediterranean, it represented an appealing destination for Byzantine refugees as the empire fell. Numerous people with the last name Paleologus are recorded in Venice in the 15th and 16th centuries, many serving as

1844:. The 1570 will of Demetri Paleologo, a son of Theodore, begins with "Io Demetri Palleollogo, da Constantinopoli ...". Over a century had passed since Constantinople, a city Demetri had never seen, had fallen and yet he retained lingering dreams of the city. 490:

of many supposedly surviving branches of the imperial dynasty have readily been dismissed as fantasy by modern researchers. Various lineages of non-imperial Palaialogoi, whose relation to the medieval Palaiologoi and each other are unclear, survived into the

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Some nobles with the last name Palaiologos remained in Ottoman Constantinople, and even prospered in the immediate post-conquest period. In the decades after 1453, Ottoman tax registers show a consortium of noble Greeks co-operating to bid for the lucrative

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of Viterbo. Such stories were popularized by later obscure Palaiologoi who had settled in northern Italy and were tempted to invent an ancestral link with the last Byzantine Emperors. Another tale maintained that the ancestors of Palaiologoi were among the

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In the 12th century, the Palaiologoi were mainly recorded as members of the military aristocracy, not occupying any administrative political offices. They are recorded numerous times as donors to monasteries, and intermarried several times with the

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Nevertheless, Constantine's actions during the Fall of Constantinople and his death fighting the Turks redeemed the popular view of the Palaiologan dynasty. The Greeks forgot or ignored that Constantine had died a "heretic", many considering him a

2092:. When Michael VIII died in 1282 he died condemned as a traitor and a heretic by his people, who saw him as someone who had bullied them into submission under the Church of Rome. He was denied the traditional funeral pomps of an Orthodox Emperor. 1446:

The probable extinction of the senior branch of the imperial Palaiologos family at some point in the 16th century did little to stop individuals in various parts of Europe from claiming descent from the old imperial dynasty. The family name

997:, imprisoning his father and his younger brother. John V retook the throne in 1379 but reached an agreement with Andronikos in 1381, wherein Andronikos was to succeed him as emperor, passing over Manuel. Andronikos died in 1385 and his son, 442:, John IV was deposed and blinded. Michael's successors ruled the Byzantine Empire at its weakest point in history, and much of the Palaiologan period was a time of political and economic decline, partly due to external enemies such as the 1847:

A man by the name Andrea Paleologo Graitzas, attested in Venice in 1460, supposedly has living descendants, with numerous people with the last name Palaiologos (or variations thereof) living in Athens today claiming to descend from him.

1821:. Due to his knowledge of the Turkish language, Theodore also accompanied Venetian ambassadors in diplomatic missions to the Ottoman Empire, visiting Constantinople several times. He died in 1532, being buried in the Orthodox church of 1552:

Some might be genuine descendants of the imperial family as several of the imperial Palaiologoi are recorded as having had illegitimate children; for instance, Theodore II, Despot of the Morea, is known to have had several illegitimate

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Beyond Constantine's martyrdom, the Palaiologos dynasty had a lasting impact on the Greeks throughout the centuries of Ottoman rule, having been the last family to govern independent Greek lands. As late as the 19th century, after the

1076:, though the Byzantines successfully repulsed him. Even during the final decades of the Byzantine Empire, the Palaiologoi often found it difficult to cooperate with each other. During Manuel II's reign, John VIII and the younger son 2122:

from the path of the Orthodox faith; and he raised this Empire of the Ottomans above every other in order to prove beyond doubt that it came into being by the will of God .... For there is no authority except that deriving from God.

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Palaiologoi that were descendants of older collateral lines, Byzantine genealogy is also made complicated by the fact that it was common in Byzantium to adopt the family name of your spouse or mother, if that was more prestigious.

1886:, both of whom were reportedly nephews to Constantine XI Palaiologos and had been forced to convert to Islam after Constantinople's fall, as well as with other converted scions of Byzantine and Balkan aristocratic families like 775:, recalled Michael in 1258 and after they had exchanged guarantees of safety and oaths of loyalty, Michael returned to service within the empire. Theodore II died in that same year and was succeeded by his eight-year-old son 1581:

The Paleologus family in Pesaro, attested from the early 16th century onwards, claimed descent from 'John Palaiologos', a purported third son of Thomas Palaiologos. Their genealogy mainly derives from the tombstone of

973:, an important victory as the region was quickly becoming the most important Byzantine province. The Byzantine civil wars, and the collapse of Stefan Dušan's Serbian Empire following his death in 1355, had allowed the 595:, possibly referencing humble origins, whereas the French Byzantinist Jean-François Vannier believes the correct etymology to be "antique collector". The earliest known member of the family, possibly its founder, was 977:

to expand almost unopposed through the Balkans and in the second half of the 14th century, the empire passed almost without a fight under Ottoman sovereignty, forced to pay tribute and offer military aid if needed.

462:, died in the city's defense. During their rule as emperors, the Palaiologoi were not well-liked by their subjects, mostly on account of their religious policy. The repeated attempts by the emperors to reunite the 2080:", which remains a term in Greek to taunt converts to Catholicism to this day. The union was passionately opposed by the Byzantine people and of Byzantine rulers not actually under Michael VIII's control, such as 956:

as co-emperor. Clearly intending to usurp the throne, a new series of civil wars from 1352 to 1357 were eventually won by John V, deposing the Kantakouzenoi. In 1382, the Kantakouzenoi were also driven out of the

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district including Constantinople and the ports of western Anatolia. This group included names like "Palologoz of Kassandros" and "Manuel Palologoz". This group stood in close contact with two powerful viziers,

1770:(mercenary light-armed cavalrymen of Greek or Albanian origin). Venetian documents frequently refer to their "strenuous" prowess in service to the Venetian Republic. Venice had first become interested in hiring 2068:

Orthodox Church with the Catholic Church of Rome, to ensure legitimacy in the eyes of the West and in an attempt to secure aid against the many enemies of their empire. Michael VIII succeeded in a union at the

1114:(who had raided the Morea twice before) to devastate the peninsula. Constantine also sent desperate pleas for aid to Western Europe, though little help ever arrived. After a 53-day long siege, the city finally 1274:

1520–1566) and is not believed to have had children of his own. Thus, the documented male line of the imperial branch of the House of Palaiologos probably went extinct at some point in the early 16th century.

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and late in 1451, preparations were already underway for a new Ottoman siege of Constantinople. To prevent aid coming from the Morea, now governed by Thomas and Demetrios, Mehmed II sent one of his generals,

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As such, it is possible that Allatius had access to earlier documents, now lost, which would have proven the legitimacy of the Pesaro line. Allatius gives the sons of Thomas as "Andrea, Manuele and Ioanne".

810:, restoring the city to Byzantine rule after almost sixty years in foreign hands. After the recapture of the capital and the restoration of the Byzantine Empire, Michael took care to be crowned emperor in 1498:. This link gave a certain degree of prominence to several obscure Palaiologoi who had settled in Italy during the late Middle Ages, and was held as an argument that the family had its roots in the city. 1157: 1921:, one of Emperor Manuel II's sons and Despot of Thessaloniki. Their descent is questionable since there is no surviving contemporary evidence that Andronikos had children. That Andronikos suffered from 1781:

The Venetian Palaiologoi were not related to the imperial family, but they might have been distant cousins. One of the earliest references to Palaiologoi in Venice is a 1479 Senate decision concerning

1442:. Its Latin inscription reads: "Michael Palaiologos of Viterbo; from this family the first Emperor of Constantinople, 1260"; a reference to the fictional origin of the family from the city of Viterbo. 1004:

Though most of the Palaiologan era was defined by decline and war, it was also an age of cultural flourishing, beginning in the late 13th century. Advances in science and the arts, referred to as the

872:, not ended until 1328, ensued. Although Andronikos III was ultimately victorious and Andronikos II was deposed, the empire was damaged economically and for the first time, foreign states such as 1037:

By the 15th century, the Byzantine emperors had lost any real power, with the Ottoman sultans increasingly becoming the real regulators of political matters within the empire. Despite their

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In 1578, the members of the family living in Pesaro were embroiled in a scandal as brothers Leonidas and Scipione Paleologus, and their nephew Theodore, were arrested for attempted murder.

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There was peace between the Palaiologans and the Ottomans until 1421, when Mehmed I died and Manuel retired from state affairs, to pursue scholarly and religious interests. Manuel's son,

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decided that Constantine was to be the next emperor. Constantine XI Palaiologos's rise to the throne was also accepted by Murad II, who by now had to be consulted for any appointments.

1545:(approximately 250 people, most common in Italy). These modern Palaiologoi cannot be confidently proven to descend from the imperial dynasty, or the medieval family which produced it. 2117:, wrote that the Ottoman Empire had been imposed by God himself as the supreme empire on Earth due to the heretical dealings of the Palaiologan emperors with Christians in the West. 1205:. The local authorities on Corfu were not eager to house the despot out of fear of provoking the Ottomans, so Thomas soon left the island and travelled to Rome, hoping to convince 477:

The last certain members of the imperial line of the Palaiologoi died out in the 16th century, but female-line descendants survive to the present day. A cadet branch in Italy, the

9351: 1248:, Duke of Milan, in 1499 might also have been a son of Andreas. Andreas's brother Manuel died in Constantinople at some point during the reign of Mehmed II's son and successor 11593: 1962:(predecessors of Romania) by the Ottomans. The Phanariots sent to Wallachia and Moldavia included people with the last name Palaiologos, ancestors of the Paleologu family. 1405:, which had also intermarried with the Palaeologus-Montferrat family in the past, in the 18th century. The name "Montferrato-Paleologo" is recorded on the Greek island of 1728:

records. She was the last recorded member of the family and, if their claim to descend from the imperial dynasty was true, the last true heir of the Palaiologan emperors.

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1294 – after 1336) and Theodora Palaiologina (born 1295; died young). In addition to these children, Andronikos II also had three illegitimate daughters; Irene (wife of

1263:, probably named after Manuel's brother. Manuel's son Andreas converted to Islam and might have served as an Ottoman court official. He is last attested in the reign of 8985: 1221:. As the oldest son, Andreas was recognized by the Papacy as Thomas's heir and the rightful Despot of the Morea. From the 1480s onwards, Andreas also claimed the title 1001:

briefly managed to usurp the throne in 1390. Following this, Manuel II was firmly established as John V's successor, becoming senior emperor upon John's death in 1391.

1332:. In an effort to rid himself of the threat that an Aleramici pretender might launch an invasion and attempt to seize Thessaloniki in the future, Andronikos married 746:

dynasty. In 1253, Emperor John III Doukas Vatatzes accused him of plotting against the throne, though Michael escaped the accusation without punishment following a

9823: 1417: 1312:, periodically enjoyed Papal support, and several Popes considered the idea of calling for a new crusade against Constantinople to once more impose Catholic rule. 8871: 2200:

etc.) simplified, with multiple figures omitted, see their articles for more detailed charts. The family tree only follows the imperial branch of the family.

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With the sole exception of Thomas's purported son John, the existence of the rest of Theodore's immediate ancestors can be verified through records at Pesaro.

11826: 928:, lasting until 1347 and won by John Kantakouzenos, who became senior co-emperor as John VI. The weakening of Byzantium as a result of the civil war allowed 2168:, where Theodore Paleologus had lived in the 17th century. Local tradition on Barbados has it that the delegation also sent a letter to the authorities on 1041:

submission under the Ottomans, the Byzantines continued to act with hostility against them. In 1394, Manuel II ceased to pay tribute to the Ottoman sultan

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What happened to Scipione is not known, but Leonidas was executed. On account of his young age, Theodore was exiled from Pesaro rather than executed.

1529:'Palaiologos' as a last name continues to survive to this day in various variants. Common versions of the last name used today include the standard 12753: 9474: 9752:

Trapp, Erich; Beyer, Hans-Veit; Walther, Rainer; Sturm-Schnabl, Katja; Kislinger, Ewald; Leontiadis, Ioannis; Kaplaneres, Sokrates (1976–1996).

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visited the blinded and then 33-year-old John IV during a journey in Anatolia, hoping to demonstrate his disapproval with his father's actions.

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mentions a story, according to which the family, originally Romans who arrived in Constantinople in the 4th century, moved to Italy during the

1340:, the marriage had the unexpected result of creating the possibility that a Byzantine prince might inherit Montferrat. When Yolande's brother, 701: 361: 2088:, the ruler of Epirus. Despite Michael VIII's efforts, the union was disrupted in 1281, after just seven years, when he was excommunicated by 1946:

The ancestry of the Paleologu can be traced to Greeks with the name Palaiologos, but not to the imperial family. In the 18th century, several

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clans, who also used stories of ancient Roman descent to bolster their prestige and somewhat legitimize their claims to the throne of the

11991: 10977: 10952: 10671: 10558: 6457: 5278: 783:, who had been appointed regent by Theodore II. Michael seized the guardianship of the child emperor and was invested with the titles of 767:, frequent enemies of the empire, and from 1256 to 1258 he was the commander of the Christian mercenaries fighting for the Seljuk Sultan 12342: 12325: 10982: 10962: 10522: 10517: 10433: 10402: 6813: 4862: 4851: 3869: 1828:

Theodore had married Maria, a daughter of a man by the name Demetrios Kantakouzenos. That he could marry a genuine member of the noble

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in 1284, bringing her dynastic claims to Thessaloniki into his own family line. Since Yolande was second-in-line to the throne of the

1217:, also a Byzantine refugee. In 1472, according to Bessarion's plans, Zoe (whose name was later changed to Sophia) was married to Duke 993:, as his successor instead. However, Andronikos eventually escaped from prison and successfully took the throne in 1376 with aid from 821:

Once news of the act, the blinding of not only the legitimate emperor, but an underage boy, got out, the Patriarch of Constantinople,

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warrant for their empire. John VIII had betrayed their faith and as such their entire imperial ideology and world view. The promised

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Many Byzantine nobles found themselves in Constantinople in 1453, fighting against the Ottomans in their final attack. Some, such as

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The Byzantine aristocracy were less than eager of sending one of Andronikos II's sons to claim Montferrat. That a Byzantine prince,

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The origins of the family are unclear. Their own medieval origin stories ascribed them an ancient and prestigious origin in ancient

12237: 11598: 10676: 6468: 3002: 1841: 1775: 1397:, married to Federico II, died in 1566, rendering the Montferrat cadet branch extinct. Her and Federico II's descendants, with the 1174: 9777:[The First Palaiologoi. Genealogical and Prosopographical Study]. In Cheynet, Jean-Claude; Vannier, Jean-François (eds.). 1506:

and one of them married in Viterbo. Later, a soldier of the family was said to have come from Viterbo to Greece in the aid of the

12086: 10717: 10469: 10418: 6879: 4144: 1237: 9247: 948:. In the meantime, John VI Kantakouzenos attempted to consolidate his own dynasty on the imperial throne, marrying his daughter 12566: 12091: 10527: 9017: 6903: 6840:). Michael also had two illegitimate daughters by his mistress of the Diplovatatzina family: Euphrosyne Palaiologina (married 12490: 11250: 11243: 10799: 10723: 10173: 9790: 9618: 9236: 5195: 2110: 1236:, employed in the Papal Guard and dead in 1508 was his son. According to Russian sources, he might also have had a daughter, 1233: 742:

in Thrace, and though he and his family were distinguished among the aristocracy, he was frequently mistrusted by the ruling

583:

In contrast to these ancient and prestigious origin stories, the Palaiologoi probably actually originated relatively late in

12746: 12242: 12101: 11389: 6825: 986: 925: 869: 11233: 10735: 10594: 10532: 6805: 6753: 5734: 4159: 1549:

period, who commonly assumed Byzantine surnames and claimed descent from the famous noble houses of their Byzantine past.

1383: 1260: 1045:, who responded by besieging Constantinople. Bayezid's siege lasted for more than a decade, with Western aid through the 829:

Michael. The emperor's excommunication was not lifted until nine years into his reign, upon the appointment of Patriarch

170: 9687: 1606:

It would be difficult to explain why Allatius, a respected scholar, would simply make up a member of an ancient dynasty.

1008:, lasted throughout the dynasty's rule, encouraged by the efforts of some emperors such as Andronikos II and Manuel II. 880:

had appeared as significant regulating factors in imperial dynastic disputes (joining opposite sides of the civil war).

12571: 11984: 9718: 9697: 9673: 9599: 9379: 9184: 9148: 9086: 9027: 8929: 1644: 1429: 1379: 750:

of holding a red-hot iron. Though Michael continued to be mistrusted even after this, he married John III's grandniece

365: 153: 12672: 11238: 10474: 9763: 9742: 9577: 9553: 9527: 9460: 9291: 9257: 9127: 9051: 8976: 8857: 7022: 6883: 1600:

and would have had access to its vast collection of books and records and might have deduced his findings from there.

568:'s new capital in 330. This origin story is similar to the traditions of other Byzantine noble families, such as the 8962:"Organo di informazione del Circolo Culturale "I Marchesi del Monferrato" "in attesa di registrazione in Tribunale"" 1347: 11735: 10792: 1782: 1743: 495:

and thousands of people, particularly in Greece, still have the last name Palaiologos, or variants thereof, today.

9076: 1596:, who wrote in 1648, too late for his works to be considered independent evidence. Allatius was the keeper of the 12739: 12707: 12529: 11061: 10829: 10548: 7017: 5209: 6935:

Maria was ancestral to later members of the Gattilusio family and their descendants. She was the grandmother of

12677: 12667: 12539: 12460: 12278: 12146: 11718: 11662: 11583: 11450: 10376: 9282: 8950: 8942:

Genealogies of Barbados families: from Caribbeana and the Journal of the Barbados Museum and Historical Society

3813: 3631: 1519: 1372: 1073: 868:(Andronikos III's father). Andronikos III secured the support of a significant number of the aristocracy and a 1592:

The earliest record of John's existence other than Theodore's tombstone are the writings of the Greek scholar

12534: 12524: 12439: 12194: 11979: 10323: 3012: 1390: 1341: 989:. John V was initially victorious, imprisoning and disinheriting Andronikos IV and appointing a younger son, 11414: 9708: 12918: 12608: 12576: 12480: 12189: 12161: 11969: 11508: 10355: 7071:. Scholars are divided on whether the family's descent is genuine, likely, plausible, unproven or unlikely. 6956:

1393/8 to before 1405) and Michael Palaiologos(1406/7–1409/10), both of whom died young, and 1–2 daughters.

3506: 2085: 1080:

appear to have got on well with each other, but the relations between Constantine and the younger brothers

852: 486:

possessed the name and in order to earn prestige, some fabricated closer links to the imperial family. The

222: 1154:, possibly because the sultan feared that she would poison him. She predeceased her father, dying in 1469. 12867: 12332: 11974: 11821: 11578: 11329: 1801:

for the Ottomans in the Morea. In 1478, Theodore travelled to Venice with his father, Paul, and became a

435: 17: 9497: 12652: 12598: 12337: 12209: 12199: 11899: 11779: 11657: 11588: 11476: 11445: 11288: 11228: 10635: 10512: 10392: 10274: 10216: 9689:

The Constantinian Order of Saint George: and the Angeli, Farnese and Bourbon families which governed it

9427: 9405: 6915: 6031: 4812: 3824: 1865: 1134: 1077: 1020: 914: 861: 830: 614: 459: 212: 133: 9611:

Render Unto the Sultan: Power, Authority, and the Greek Orthodox Church in the Early Ottoman Centuries

12512: 12036: 11892: 11677: 11568: 11455: 10579: 10496: 10423: 10244: 10204: 10166: 9037: 6801: 5647: 4177: 4130: 3163: 2157: 1833: 982: 837: 836:

The blinding of John IV was a stain on the Palaiologan dynasty. In 1284, Michael's son and successor

573: 8849:

The Byzantine Hellene: The Life of Emperor Theodore Laskaris and Byzantium in the Thirteenth Century

1887: 11811: 11563: 11050: 10929: 10661: 10563: 10397: 10256: 10198: 9335: 6969:

and Cleopha de Lusignan. Cleopha died in infancy and Helena's line died out with Charlotte in 1487.

6420: 5291: 3839: 3793: 1511: 1264: 1232:

Andreas died poor in Rome in 1502. Whether he had any children is uncertain. It is possible that a

715: 681: 671: 553: 423: 119: 9043:

The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest

1295: 12766: 12717: 12141: 11867: 11687: 11573: 10625: 5998: 2161: 2069: 1969: 1832:

family indicates that he held a certain noble status. Theodore was one of the key players in the

1321: 1316: 1016: 1005: 873: 443: 356:

family that rose to power and produced the last and longest-ruling dynasty in the history of the

9544:

The Immortal Emperor: The life and legend of Constantine Palaiologos, last Emperor of the Romans

2105:, the fruit of John VIII's labor, ended only in disaster as it was defeated by the Turks at the 1909:(d. 1944), a French diplomat of Romanian origin who claimed descent from the Palaiologos dynasty 1201:, and a retinue of other refugees, accompanied him as he escaped to the Venetian-held island of 897:

1347–1354) nearly succeeded in deposing the Palaiologos dynasty in favor of his own family, the

591:. The etymology of their family name was believed to be "ragman" by Soviet-American Byzantinist 12642: 12232: 12074: 11518: 11324: 11298: 11293: 11066: 11042: 11038: 11005: 10751: 10589: 10479: 10459: 10291: 10210: 10110: 7051: 6891: 5722: 5265: 4559: 2453: 1687: 1456: 1356: 1300: 1290: 1115: 966: 865: 803: 651: 596: 478: 404: 396: 369: 279: 217: 111: 12887: 9986: 8961: 8940: 12360: 12214: 11404: 11314: 11278: 11163: 10893: 10888: 10640: 10620: 10584: 10268: 10262: 10237: 10229: 9896: 6041: 5988: 5712: 4793: 2127: 2114: 2039: 1822: 1586:(d. 1636), which lists Theodore's male-line ancestors five generations back, reaching Thomas. 1409:

until the 17th century, though it is uncertain how they were connected to the Italian family.

1344:, died without children in 1305, Montferrat legitimately passed to Yolande and her children. 1333: 1081: 1061: 990: 953: 921: 887: 815: 561: 463: 384: 234: 145: 9004:

Enepekides, P. K. (1960). "Das Wiener Testament des Andreas Palaiologos vom 7. April 1502".

1940: 1906: 419:

family, where they continued to play an active role and occupied many offices of high rank.

12882: 12603: 12586: 12407: 12166: 12131: 12014: 11951: 11946: 11481: 11424: 10729: 10615: 10438: 10250: 10159: 9877: 9013: 7450: 7448: 7064: 6940: 6837: 6833: 5966: 2375: 2337: 2081: 2073: 1662: 1620: 1564: 1503: 1241: 1100: 1046: 998: 822: 791: 772: 606: 455: 10151: 9431: 1064:, co-emperor since before 1416, ignored the fragile peace with the Ottomans and supported 391:

upon its foundation in 330. It is more likely that they originated significantly later in

8: 12832: 11513: 11429: 11419: 11283: 11046: 11034: 10921: 10686: 10681: 10666: 10599: 10133: 9587: 9102:

Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the West, 1258–1282: A Study in Byzantine-Latin Relations

7003:

were not her descendants, originating as in-laws rather than descendants of the Rurikids.

6966: 6829: 6518: 6495: 6444: 5662: 5223: 4192: 3329: 2985: 2097: 1718: 1583: 1574: 1499: 1337: 1315:

Michael VIII succeeded in achieving a union of the Catholic and Orthodox churches at the

1182: 1178: 1162: 1138: 970: 949: 659: 630: 482: 190: 75: 59: 9409: 9065: 8872:"Eine Verfügung des Paläologen Chass Murad-Pasa von Mitte Regeb 876 = Dez./Jan. 1471-72" 7445: 6809: 848: 12842: 12807: 12782: 12591: 12581: 12455: 12126: 12009: 11926: 11789: 11141: 11121: 11101: 11091: 10857: 10691: 10645: 10553: 10443: 10307: 10222: 9855: 9542: 9450: 9313: 9211: 9190: 7068: 6906:) and Isaac Palaiologos (born 1299; died young). The couple also had the two daughters 6845: 6527: 6509: 6071: 6061: 5238: 2662: 2623: 2148: 1891: 1760: 1753: 1541:(approximately 500 people, most common in the United States but present worldwide) and 1394: 1387: 1364: 1352: 1309: 1218: 1214: 1198: 1186: 1166: 1130: 1085: 933: 906: 622: 618: 610: 182: 141: 6482: 1809:, though he later ceded it to another family. In 1495, Theodore partook in a siege of 1190: 12862: 12822: 12817: 12792: 12787: 12713: 12647: 12552: 12485: 12465: 12433: 12365: 12352: 12273: 12268: 12019: 11784: 11634: 11153: 11106: 11096: 11086: 10761: 9827: 9796: 9786: 9759: 9738: 9714: 9693: 9669: 9649: 9614: 9595: 9573: 9549: 9523: 9456: 9437: 9415: 9375: 9304:(1968). "A Byzantine Prince Latinized: Theodore Palaeologus, Marquis of Montferrat". 9287: 9277: 9267: 9253: 9232: 9180: 9144: 9123: 9106: 9082: 9047: 9023: 8946: 8925: 8853: 6996: 6430: 2672: 2026: 1986: 1954:

quarter of Constantinople) were granted governing positions in the principalities of

1658: 1615: 1413: 1226: 1031: 994: 877: 756: 592: 242: 8907: 8887: 1099:

Constantine XI's reign would prove to be brief. Murad II's young son and successor,

1065: 779:. Just a few days after Theodore's death, Michael led a coup against the bureaucrat 431: 12827: 12797: 12517: 12310: 12258: 12204: 12171: 12121: 11914: 11904: 11682: 11370: 11262: 11185: 11168: 11146: 11131: 11116: 11030: 10815: 10756: 10696: 10143: 10070: 9847: 9683: 9096: 8902: 6936: 6866: 6011: 5977: 2102: 1929:, and that he died at a young age, makes it unlikely that he married and had a son. 1883: 1861: 1837: 1714: 1523: 1398: 1194: 776: 764: 735: 676: 663: 644: 577: 508: 427: 412: 357: 350: 284: 71: 5694: 5672: 1093: 711: 12837: 12662: 12495: 12475: 12470: 12425: 12415: 12375: 12370: 12320: 12315: 12096: 11702: 11619: 11614: 11354: 11344: 11180: 11174: 11158: 11136: 11126: 11111: 9732: 9661: 9643: 9639: 9629: 9567: 9517: 9138: 9100: 9041: 7000: 4574: 4529: 2106: 1798: 1738: 1648: 1597: 1371:

Marquis to seriously consider using his Byzantine connection was Theodore's son,

1245: 1068:, a pretender to the Ottoman throne, in a rebellion against Mehmed I's successor 826: 780: 747: 666:, where they played an active role and continued to occupy offices of high rank. 647:

during its rule over the Byzantine Empire (1081–1185). When the crusaders of the

467: 10005: 1724:

Nothing is known of Godscall's life, the only record of her existence being her

929: 12812: 12777: 12500: 12380: 12113: 11872: 11766: 11752: 11551: 11255: 11010: 10774: 10087: 10083: 10030: 9839: 9774: 9728: 9301: 8867: 7270: 7268: 7266: 7264: 7262: 6820:

1263–after 1310). The couple also had three more daughters; Anna Palaiologina (

2644: 2181: 2089: 2072:

in 1274, which formally reunited the churches after more than two centuries of

1992:

Rogerio was supposedly survived by his two children John (Giovanni) and Angela.

1402: 974: 945: 648: 588: 557: 523: 515: 451: 447: 408: 388: 332: 309: 79: 9758:(in German). Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 9419: 9390: 9327:

Greece Reinvented: Transformations of Byzantine Hellenism in Renaissance Italy

9110: 7260: 7258: 7256: 7254: 7252: 7250: 7248: 7246: 7244: 7242: 522:

The origins of the Palaiologos family are unclear. According to several later

54: 12912: 12420: 12297: 12263: 12001: 11936: 11909: 11794: 11409: 11349: 10099: 9831: 9800: 9441: 9061: 6992: 4827: 4780: 2197: 1934:

Another family which claims to descend from the old imperial dynasty are the

1922: 1829: 1654:

Theodore lived in England for the rest of his life and fathered six children,

1637: 1118:

to the Ottomans on 29 May 1453. Constantine XI died fighting in its defense.

985:

rebelled against his father in an attempt to seize the throne, instigating a

910: 898: 492: 9932: 9914: 9895: 9202:

Harris, Jonathan (2013). "Despots, Emperors, and Balkan Identity in Exile".

7454: 12181: 12156: 12136: 11941: 11919: 11774: 11022: 11017: 10851: 10049: 10043: 9968: 9563: 9537: 9513: 9493: 9470: 9225:"El fin de Constantinopla y las supuestas herencias nobiliarias bizantinas" 9194: 7239: 6979: 6923: 6862: 2044: 1977: 1972:

of Aragon and Naples. Supposedly, Rogerio was responsible for erecting the

1856: 1805:. For his merits in the service of Venice, Theodore was granted the island 1699: 1593: 1206: 1169:

and titular 'Emperor of Constantinople' from the 1480s to his death in 1502

1054: 811: 807: 655: 635: 565: 550: 439: 380: 10784: 9950: 9653: 8888:"Crusading and Matrimony in the Dynastic Policies of Montferrat and Savoy" 1225:('Emperor of Constantinople'). Some Byzantine refugees, such as historian 796: 729:

Michael Palaiologos, born in 1223, was the son of Andronikos Palaiologos,

654:

in 1204 and overthrew the Byzantine Empire in favor of the new, Catholic,

12731: 12682: 12657: 12151: 11961: 11728: 11334: 11319: 10701: 9785:] (in French). Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne. pp. 133–186. 9367: 2143: 2052: 1879: 1874: 1569: 1510:

Emperors, where he married and had his son, allegedly the future Emperor

1111: 1105: 962: 376: 9317: 9215: 1913:

Numerous people with the last name Palaiologos, living on the island of

1704: 1673:, where he became known as the "Greek prince from Cornwall" and owned a 1471:, other Greek refugees travelled across Europe, many ending up in Rome, 883: 11956: 11816: 11806: 11639: 11629: 11339: 9859: 9734:

The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume II: The Fifteenth Century

7487: 6849: 6841: 2000: 1947: 1818: 1406: 1329: 1259:

1481–1512). Manuel had two sons; John Palaiologos, who died young, and

1249: 785: 768: 621:, married Anna Doukaina and thus supported the Doukas family and later 503: 9352:"The Palaiologos Family After 1453: The Destiny of an Imperial Family" 2077: 1126: 763:

After John III's death in 1254, Michael briefly took service with the

514:

in the 9th century. The Palaiologos family may have originated in the

12505: 12385: 11877: 11745: 11692: 11624: 10122: 9140:

An Elizabethan Assassin: Theodore Paleologus: Seducer, Spy and Killer

8143: 8046: 7041:

Last confidently verified member of the imperial Palaiologos dynasty.

1955: 1935: 1902: 1766: 1748: 1694: 1670: 1325: 1042: 545: 487: 395:

since the earliest known member of the family, possibly its founder,

9851: 9666:

Lost Capital of Byzantium: The History of Mistra and the Peloponnese

9224: 1917:

in Greece, have historically claimed descent from a supposed son of

1490:

was forged based on a specious etymological connection of the Latin

12892: 12872: 12852: 12031: 11931: 11882: 11740: 11672: 11460: 10491: 10059: 9159: 8918:"Surviving Exile: Byzantine Families and the Serenissima 1453–1600" 8917: 6907: 2189: 2169: 2165: 1959: 1926: 1774:

after witnessing the prowess of Greek and Albanian soldiers in the

1666: 1624: 1507: 1069: 1050: 937: 743: 625:, Anna's brother-in-law, against Botaneiates. George served as the 584: 511: 416: 400: 392: 353: 9775:"Les premiers Paléologues. Étude généalogique et prosopographique" 9519:

Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations

9411:

The Latins in the Levant: A History of Frankish Greece (1204–1556)

8823: 12896: 12857: 12762: 12397: 12283: 12224: 11723: 11697: 11375: 10129: 10106: 10066: 2193: 2180:

In order to conserve space, the family tree focuses on people of

2004: 1794: 1725: 1487: 1486:

A special link between the family of Palaiologos and the city of

1439: 527: 46: 8513: 8511: 6792:

Michael VIII and Theodora also had the sons Manuel Palaiologos (

1665:, escaping the war, settled on the recently colonized island of 864:, despite the death of Andronikos II's son, heir and co-emperor 609:

in the second half of the 11th century, in the reign of Emperor

526:, the family had originated in Italy, supposedly in the city of 12847: 12026: 11801: 11667: 9985: 8811: 8661: 8637: 8167: 8155: 7372: 7370: 7357: 7355: 7274: 6978:

Helena was ancestral to numerous Italian families, notably the

2185: 2137: 2058: 1996: 1982: 1943:, who in his lifetime repeatedly asserted his imperial descent. 1864:, an Ottoman statesman and possibly illegitimate son of one of 1814: 1810: 1806: 1786: 1674: 1472: 1468: 1464: 941: 739: 569: 9286:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 1557. 8179: 7841: 6882:(1286–1307), Bartholomaios Palaiologos (b. 1289; died young), 470:, and thus place the Byzantine church in submission under the 9019:

The Traveller's Tree: A Journey through the Caribbean Islands

8787: 8508: 8191: 7733: 7089: 7087: 6919: 5178: 2076:. Michael VIII was taunted with the words "you have become a 2061: 2055: 1951: 1914: 1678: 1480: 1476: 1438:

16th-century fresco in Sala Regia of the Palazzo dei Priori,

1202: 1151: 958: 795:. On 1 January 1259, Michael was proclaimed as co-emperor at 336: 322: 313: 9160:"A Worthless Prince? Andreas Palaeologus in Rome, 1465-1502" 8535: 8208: 8206: 7367: 7352: 458:

conquered Constantinople and the final Palaiologan emperor,

12305: 10181: 9452:

Theodore Spandounes: On the Origins of the Ottoman Emperors

9067:

The History of Greece under Othoman and Venetian Domination

8799: 8673: 8523: 7817: 1537:(approximately 2,000 people, again most common in Greece), 1213:

In Rome, the three children were taken care of by Cardinal

471: 9229:

Aires de grandeza: Hidalgos presuntos y Nobles de fantasía

8589: 8579: 8577: 7340: 7084: 2151:

depicting the Palaiologos cypher and a double-headed eagle

9336:"Su alcune discendenze moderne dei Paleologi di Bisanzio" 8763: 8203: 7721: 7328: 1686:

Ferdinand died in 1670 and was survived only by his son,

1401:

name, ruled Montferrat until they were supplanted by the

1244:, referred to as the "son of the Despot of the Morea" by 1053:, in 1403, which among other things returned the city of 601: 9824:

Centre for Byzantine Studies, University of Thessaloniki

8753: 8751: 8690: 8688: 8552: 8550: 8445: 8443: 7955: 7894: 7892: 7853: 7769: 7711: 7709: 7672: 7670: 7280: 6861:

Irene was ancestral to many of the later members of the

2043:

15th century minature of a double-headed eagle with the

1636:

Following his exile, Theodore established himself as an

1382:, died in 1533 and rule of Montferrat was then given to 633:

in the reign of Alexios I and was accorded the title of

8574: 8462: 8460: 8458: 8394: 8392: 8377: 8223: 8221: 8109: 8107: 8105: 8092: 8090: 8088: 8086: 8084: 8082: 8080: 8078: 8065: 8063: 8061: 8024: 8022: 8020: 8018: 7945: 7943: 7805: 7621: 7619: 7570: 7568: 7555: 7553: 7540: 7538: 7399: 7397: 7292: 7227: 7193: 7191: 7189: 6878:

With Yolande of Montferrat, Andronikos II had the sons

1057:, captured by the Ottomans in 1387, to Byzantine rule. 909:

inherited the throne. Disputes between John V's mother

725:

1259–1282), founder of the imperial Palaiologos dynasty

403:

family, increasing their prestige. When Constantinople

9222: 9105:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 8233: 8052: 8034: 7631: 7477: 7475: 7316: 7304: 7150: 7110: 7108: 7106: 7104: 7102: 1640:

and appears to have garnered an impressive reputation.

855:

adopted by the Palaiologos dynasty in the 14th century

9631:

The Doukai: A Contribution to Byzantine Prosopography

9046:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. 9006:

Akten des 11. Internat. Byzantinisten-Kongresses 1958

8748: 8724: 8712: 8685: 8649: 8625: 8601: 8562: 8547: 8496: 8484: 8472: 8440: 8428: 8416: 8365: 8003: 7991: 7967: 7889: 7793: 7757: 7745: 7706: 7694: 7682: 7667: 7643: 7604: 7592: 7580: 7215: 7140: 7138: 1533:(approximately 1,800 people, most common in Greece), 9993:. Asia Minor: Foundation of the Hellenic World. 2008 9737:. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society. 8736: 8700: 8455: 8404: 8389: 8218: 8131: 8119: 8102: 8075: 8058: 8015: 7979: 7940: 7928: 7916: 7904: 7877: 7865: 7829: 7655: 7616: 7565: 7550: 7535: 7523: 7511: 7433: 7421: 7409: 7394: 7203: 7186: 7162: 7125: 7123: 6982:, which went extinct in 1884, and their descendants. 2096:

union, much to the dismay of their subjects. At the

1894:

termed a "Greek faction" at the court of Mehmed II.

1197:, but the three younger children, and Thomas's wife 530:. As per this version, the family name Palaiologos ( 9931: 9913: 8613: 8353: 8245: 8173: 8161: 7499: 7472: 7382: 7174: 7099: 1785:, who had recently proven himself in a campaign in 1121: 905:When Andronikos III died in 1341, his underage son 9967: 9842:(1969). "The Byzantine Legacy and Ottoman Forms". 9572:(Second ed.). London: Rupert Hart-Davis Ltd. 9541: 9271: 9231:(in Spanish). Madrid: Dykinson. pp. 245–262. 8986:"Sophia of Montferrat, or The History of One Face" 8341: 8329: 8317: 8305: 8293: 8281: 8269: 8257: 8185: 7781: 7460: 7135: 7065:Paleologus family of Pesaro, Cornwall and Barbados 368:lasted almost two hundred years, from 1259 to the 9949: 9078:Mapping European Empire: Tabulae imperii Europaei 8775: 8197: 7120: 1710:Theodore had a son, who probably predeceased him, 760:of the Latin mercenaries employed by the empire. 12910: 7455:Encyclopaedia Britannica – Manuel II Palaeologus 969:was placed to govern it as the semi-independent 564:when the city was founded and designated as the 341:), also found in English-language literature as 9400:(in Italian). No. 69/2001. pp. 32–34. 8922:Wanted: Byzantium: The Desire for a Lost Empire 8920:. In Nilsson, Ingela; Stephenson, Paul (eds.). 843: 11175:Spain (Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands) 9755:Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit 8945:. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company. 1423: 702:Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty 12747: 10800: 10682:Sophia Palaiologina, Grand Princess of Moscow 10167: 9608: 8517: 1793:. Born in 1452, and probably originally from 1789:. Theodore had a well-documented career as a 1011: 802:On 25 July 1261, Nicene forces under general 580:, the Roman Empire's medieval continuation. 1950:(members of prominent Greek families in the 917:on one side and Andronikos III's friend and 10814: 10444:Maria Palaiologina, Khatun of the Ilkhanate 9095: 8924:. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. 8679: 8667: 8643: 7847: 7823: 7376: 7361: 7346: 7334: 690:Michael Komnenos Doukas Angelos Palaiologos 415:, a Byzantine successor state ruled by the 12761: 12754: 12740: 10807: 10793: 10523:Theodora Palaiologina, Empress of Bulgaria 10174: 10160: 9569:The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453 9003: 7739: 1897: 799:, probably without John IV being present. 680:(commander-in-chief), probably by Emperor 9706: 9648:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 9522:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 9455:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 9436:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 8983: 8906: 8769: 7961: 1355:(d. 1566), the last living member of the 1284: 1072:. Murad defeated Mustafa's rebellion and 12888:Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg 10777:who are independently notable are shown. 10677:Helena Palaiologina, Despotess of Serbia 10549:Irene Palaiologina, Empress of Trebizond 9660: 9638: 9388: 8866: 8595: 8583: 8541: 7811: 7637: 7233: 7093: 6808:, ancestral to the later members of the 2142: 2038: 1901: 1855: 1851: 1797:in the Morea, Theodore was originally a 1737: 1643:In 1599, he entered into the service of 1614: 1568: 1433: 1346: 1294: 1156: 1125: 1015: 882: 847: 710: 502: 12063: 10564:Irene Palaiologina, Empress of Bulgaria 10419:Irene Palaiologina, Empress of Bulgaria 9875: 9838: 9822:(in Greek). Vol. A. Thessaloniki: 9772: 9627: 9586: 9333: 9266: 9245: 9227:. In Barrios, F.; Alvarado, J. (eds.). 8959: 8938: 8845: 8829: 8805: 8793: 8631: 8607: 8556: 8529: 8466: 8383: 8239: 8040: 7322: 7310: 7298: 7168: 7144: 1558: 987:fourth series of Palaiologan civil wars 540:"old word") was a Greek translation of 247:(Montferrat lineage, lineages in exile) 14: 12911: 10718:Maria Palaiologina, Princess of Vereya 10518:Anna Palaiologina, Despotess of Epirus 9807: 9727: 9682: 9475:"The Byzantine View of Western Europe" 9426: 9404: 9349: 9324: 9223:Hernández de la Fuente, David (2019). 9201: 9174: 9157: 9117: 9074: 9060: 9012: 8885: 8817: 8227: 8212: 8137: 8069: 8009: 7997: 7973: 7898: 7799: 7763: 7751: 7727: 7715: 7700: 7688: 7676: 7649: 7610: 7598: 7586: 7403: 7221: 7197: 7180: 7129: 1733: 1420:, an illegitimate son of John George. 12735: 12631: 12062: 11847: 11539: 11206: 10827: 10788: 10528:Irene Palaiologina, Byzantine Empress 10492:Simonis Palaiologina, Queen of Serbia 10155: 9876:Damiani, Roberto (27 November 2012). 9668:. New York: Tauris Parke Paperbacks. 9562: 9536: 9512: 9492: 9469: 9448: 9366: 9300: 8915: 8757: 8742: 8730: 8718: 8694: 8655: 8568: 8502: 8490: 8478: 8449: 8434: 8422: 8371: 8149: 8125: 8113: 8096: 8028: 7985: 7949: 7934: 7922: 7910: 7883: 7871: 7859: 7835: 7775: 7661: 7625: 7574: 7559: 7544: 7529: 7517: 7505: 7481: 7466: 7439: 7427: 7415: 7388: 7286: 7209: 7114: 6902:1297 – after 1343; father of Empress 6771: 6766: 6764: 6752: 6750: 6748: 6746: 6744: 6740: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6726: 6722: 6720: 6718: 6716: 6714: 6712: 6710: 6708: 6706: 6704: 6702: 6700: 6698: 6694: 6692: 6690: 6688: 6686: 6684: 6682: 6680: 6648: 6646: 6644: 6642: 6640: 6638: 6632: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6624: 6622: 6620: 6618: 6616: 6610: 6608: 6606: 6604: 6602: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6594: 6592: 6590: 6588: 6586: 6584: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6572: 6570: 6568: 6566: 6564: 6526: 6524: 6517: 6515: 6508: 6493: 6491: 6481: 6466: 6464: 6455: 6453: 6451: 6442: 6429: 6427: 6418: 6300: 6298: 6296: 6290: 6288: 6286: 6284: 6278: 6276: 6274: 6272: 6270: 6268: 6266: 6264: 6262: 6256: 6192: 6190: 6188: 6186: 6184: 6182: 6180: 6128: 6126: 6124: 6122: 6120: 6118: 6116: 6104: 6080: 6078: 6069: 6060: 6058: 6049: 6040: 6038: 6029: 6027: 6020: 6018: 6009: 5997: 5995: 5986: 5984: 5975: 5964: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5762: 5733: 5731: 5721: 5719: 5710: 5692: 5690: 5683: 5671: 5669: 5660: 5645: 5489: 5465: 5463: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5451: 5449: 5447: 5445: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5407: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5365: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5353: 5351: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5341: 5335: 5333: 5331: 5329: 5289: 5287: 5277: 5275: 5273: 5271: 5264: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5245: 5236: 5221: 5219: 5207: 5205: 5193: 5176: 5098: 5044: 5042: 5018: 5016: 5014: 5008: 5006: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4958: 4952: 4950: 4934: 4932: 4906: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4860: 4858: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4843: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4825: 4810: 4808: 4806: 4804: 4802: 4800: 4791: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4572: 4557: 4555: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4528: 4526: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4456: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4204: 4202: 4190: 4175: 4157: 4155: 4142: 4129: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4007: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3852: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3823: 3812: 3810: 3803: 3792: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3629: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3546: 3544: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3505: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3485: 3476: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3386: 3377: 3375: 3365: 3363: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3212: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3138: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3066: 3039: 3030: 3028: 3023: 3011: 3009: 3000: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2826: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2687: 2671: 2669: 2660: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2633: 2622: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2520: 2514: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2452: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2111:Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem 2009:and his descendants adopted the name 1813:and also partook in later battles in 1189:. Helena had already been married to 706: 613:. Nikephoros supported the revolt of 411:in 1204, the Palaiologoi fled to the 11848: 10667:Helena Palaiologina, Queen of Cyprus 10004: 9252:. London: Harvard University Press. 9179:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 9136: 9036: 8781: 8706: 8619: 8410: 8398: 8359: 8347: 8335: 8323: 8311: 8299: 8287: 8275: 8263: 8251: 7787: 7156: 6826:Demetrios Doukas Komnenos Koutroules 1693:Theodore left Barbados to work as a 1412:A modern Italian family, called the 366:Emperors and Autocrats of the Romans 11550: 10533:Maria Palaiologina, Queen of Serbia 9991:Encyclopaedia of the Hellenic World 7275:Encyclopaedia of the Hellenic World 6890:1290–1338; founder of the House of 6865:. Her descendants assumed the name 1384:Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua 806:recaptured Constantinople from the 319: 302: 24: 9482:Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 9391:"I Paleologo Principi di Bisanzio" 9283:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium 6828:), Theodora Palaiologina (married 2160:had resulted in the creation of a 1657:whose fates were caught up in the 1430:Succession to the Byzantine Empire 1380:John George, Marquis of Montferrat 1240:, who married a Russian prince. A 952:to John V and proclaiming his son 617:against Michael VII, but his son, 239:(predominantly; 11th–15th century) 213:Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans 25: 12930: 12673:Greek scholars in the Renaissance 9987:"Palaeologan Dynasty (1259–1453)" 9430:(1921). "Balkan Exiles in Rome". 9345:(in Italian): 77–90 (1–9 in PDF). 8977:Cassa di Risparmio di Alessandria 8960:Cassano, Gian Paolo (July 2017). 7023:Family tree of Byzantine monarchs 1279: 536: 12712: 9122:. St Vladimir's Seminary Press. 8152:, pp. 59–60, 102, note 121. 6985: 6972: 6959: 6946: 6929: 6872: 6855: 6786: 1995:Giovanni was supposedly granted 1122:After the Fall of Constantinople 771:. John III's son and successor, 734:as the governor of the towns of 695: 53: 11062:Decline of the Byzantine Empire 10884:Constantinian–Valentinianic era 9773:Vannier, Jean-François (1986). 9751: 9645:The Fall of Constantinople 1453 9592:Byzantium: The Decline and Fall 9449:Nicol, Donald M., ed. (1997) . 9372:The Oxford History of Byzantium 9164:Orientalia Christiana Periodica 8908:10.4067/S0718-84712017000100157 8838: 7496:, 21454. Παλαιολόγος ∆ημήτριος. 7493: 7057: 7018:History of the Byzantine Empire 6991:Zoe was ancestral to the later 6796:1255–before 1259; died young), 1976:church, which still stands, in 1697:, serving aboard a ship called 1483:or in various cities in Spain. 1416:, claim that they descend from 1378:The final Palaeologus Marquis, 1269: 1254: 1074:besieged Constantinople in 1422 1025: 981:In 1373, John V's son and heir 892: 720: 426:became co-emperor to the young 116:(first known; possibly founder) 12147:Great Palace of Constantinople 11888:Patriarchate of Constantinople 11207: 10377:Theodora Angelina Palaiologina 9868: 9692:. Boletín Oficial del Estado. 9628:Polemis, Demetrios I. (1968). 9548:. Cambridge University Press. 8984:Dąbrowska, Malgorzata (1996). 8852:. Cambridge University Press. 7044: 7035: 6999:was Zoe's grandson. The later 6952:Sons Constantine Palaiologos ( 6939:, who married her grandnephew 6894:and ancestor to that family), 2175: 1890:, forming what the Ottomanist 1324:, which had been ruled by the 1223:Imperator Constantinopolitanus 670:, father of the later emperor 13: 1: 10324:Andronikos Doukas Palaiologos 9816:The Genealogy of the Komnenoi 9808:Varzos, Konstantinos (1984). 9204:The Sixteenth Century Journal 9143:. Stroud: The History Press. 9070:. William Blackwood and Sons. 8993:Acta Universitatis Lodziensis 7078: 7067:, which claimed descent from 6953: 6922:) and a daughter who married 6911: 6899: 6887: 6821: 6817: 6793: 6531: 6486: 6002: 5726: 5699: 5676: 5296: 5282: 5214: 5200: 5182: 4197: 4164: 4150: 3859: 3828: 3612: 3358: 3334: 3167: 3016: 2989: 2676: 2649: 1514:(Michael's true parents were 926:new and devastating civil war 379:, descended from some of the 195: 175: 12609:University of Constantinople 12190:Arch of Galerius and Rotunda 11540: 11340:Chartoularios tou vestiariou 11029:Byzantine successor states ( 10079:Fall of the Byzantine Empire 9634:. London: The Athlone Press. 9343:Rassegna Storica Salernitana 2086:Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas 2084:, Emperor of Trebizond, and 1351:Portrait believed to depict 844:Civil war and disintegration 818:and confined to a monastery. 7: 12279:Saint Catherine's Monastery 11335:Chartoularios tou sakelliou 11330:Logothetes tou stratiotikou 10828: 9707:Schomburg, Robert (2012) . 9613:. Oxford University Press. 9609:Papademetriou, Tom (2015). 9414:. E. P Dutton and Company. 9374:. Oxford University Press. 8053:Hernández de la Fuente 2019 7011: 6800:(1261–1306; who had a son, 2162:new independent Greek state 1842:Fourth Ottoman–Venetian War 1713:and was survived only by a 1424:Branches of unclear descent 944:in 1346–1348, creating the 658:, the Palaiologoi followed 436:recapture of Constantinople 434:and in 1261, following the 10: 12935: 12668:Neo-Byzantine architecture 12632: 11289:Comes sacrarum largitionum 10636:Constantine XI Palaiologos 10513:Andronikos III Palaiologos 10393:Irene Komnene Palaiologina 9433:Essays on the Latin Orient 9389:Marrocco, Osvaldo (2001). 9334:Maisano, Riccardo (1988). 9246:Jenkyns, Richard (2005) . 8939:Brandow, James C. (1983). 8879:Documenta Islamica Inedita 8832:, pp. 54–55, 154–156. 6916:John II Doukas of Thessaly 6032:Constantine XI Palaiologos 4813:Andronikos III Palaiologos 1980:, a hamlet of the Italian 1776:First Ottoman–Venetian War 1562: 1427: 1393:. The last female member, 1288: 1173:Thomas had four children; 1021:Constantine XI Palaiologos 1012:Last Emperors of Byzantium 862:Andronikos III Palaiologos 699: 615:Nikephoros III Botaneiates 460:Constantine XI Palaiologos 337: 323: 314: 134:Constantine XI Palaiologos 12773: 12695: 12638: 12627: 12548: 12448: 12406: 12351: 12296: 12251: 12238:Sant'Apollinare in Classe 12223: 12180: 12112: 12082: 12073: 12069: 12058: 12000: 11858: 11854: 11843: 11765: 11711: 11650: 11607: 11559: 11546: 11535: 11494: 11469: 11438: 11397: 11388: 11363: 11307: 11271: 11224: 11217: 11213: 11202: 11075: 10991: 10938: 10869: 10840: 10836: 10823: 10771: 10744: 10710: 10654: 10608: 10580:Andronikos IV Palaiologos 10572: 10541: 10505: 10452: 10424:Andronikos II Palaiologos 10411: 10385: 10364: 10348: 10332: 10316: 10300: 10284: 10194: 10140: 10127: 10119: 10104: 10096: 10077: 10064: 10056: 10026: 9878:"Teodoro Paleologo Greco" 9811:Η Γενεαλογία των Κομνηνών 9175:Harris, Jonathan (2010). 9158:Harris, Jonathan (1995). 8969:Bollettino del Marchesato 8846:Angelov, Dimiter (2019). 7063:Last known member of the 6674: 6672: 6670: 6662: 6658: 6656: 6654: 6636: 6634: 6614: 6612: 6582: 6580: 6560: 6554: 6552: 6546: 6544: 6538: 6506: 6504: 6502: 6479: 6477: 6475: 6440: 6438: 6436: 6412: 6410: 6408: 6402: 6400: 6398: 6396: 6394: 6392: 6390: 6388: 6386: 6380: 6378: 6376: 6374: 6372: 6370: 6368: 6366: 6364: 6356: 6352: 6350: 6348: 6346: 6340: 6338: 6336: 6334: 6332: 6330: 6328: 6326: 6324: 6322: 6320: 6318: 6316: 6314: 6312: 6310: 6308: 6306: 6294: 6292: 6282: 6280: 6260: 6258: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6240: 6238: 6236: 6234: 6232: 6230: 6228: 6226: 6224: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6204: 6196: 6194: 6178: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6168: 6166: 6164: 6162: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6154: 6152: 6150: 6148: 6142: 6138: 6136: 6134: 6114: 6110: 6067: 6047: 6007: 5973: 5958: 5956: 5954: 5952: 5950: 5948: 5946: 5940: 5938: 5936: 5934: 5932: 5930: 5928: 5922: 5920: 5918: 5912: 5910: 5908: 5902: 5900: 5898: 5896: 5894: 5892: 5890: 5884: 5882: 5880: 5872: 5870: 5862: 5858: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5844: 5842: 5840: 5838: 5836: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5824: 5822: 5820: 5818: 5816: 5810: 5808: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5798: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5790: 5788: 5774: 5770: 5768: 5758: 5752: 5750: 5748: 5742: 5708: 5706: 5704: 5681: 5658: 5656: 5654: 5648:Andronikos IV Palaiologos 5639: 5637: 5635: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5619: 5617: 5615: 5613: 5611: 5609: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5597: 5595: 5593: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5581: 5579: 5577: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5563: 5559: 5557: 5555: 5553: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5533: 5527: 5525: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5517: 5511: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5497: 5495: 5483: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5473: 5471: 5443: 5441: 5427: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5395: 5393: 5369: 5367: 5339: 5337: 5325: 5319: 5317: 5311: 5309: 5303: 5262: 5260: 5258: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5191: 5189: 5187: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5160: 5158: 5156: 5154: 5152: 5150: 5148: 5146: 5144: 5142: 5140: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5118: 5116: 5110: 5108: 5106: 5096: 5092: 5090: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5054: 5052: 5050: 5040: 5036: 5034: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5012: 5010: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4956: 4954: 4948: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4930: 4926: 4924: 4922: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4890: 4884: 4882: 4876: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4708: 4704: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4666: 4664: 4632: 4630: 4610: 4604: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4496: 4494: 4492: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4468: 4466: 4454: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4400: 4398: 4390: 4388: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4324: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4270: 4268: 4256: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4244: 4232: 4226: 4224: 4218: 4216: 4210: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4178:Andronikos II Palaiologos 4173: 4171: 4169: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4131:Ivan Asen III of Bulgaria 4123: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4077: 4073: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4011: 4009: 3959: 3957: 3935: 3933: 3913: 3911: 3899: 3893: 3891: 3885: 3883: 3877: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3726: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3674: 3672: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3640: 3638: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3582: 3580: 3562: 3558: 3552: 3540: 3534: 3532: 3526: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3483: 3481: 3479: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3448: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3414: 3412: 3390: 3388: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3280: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3240: 3238: 3216: 3214: 3206: 3204: 3142: 3140: 3132: 3130: 3094: 3092: 3070: 3068: 3062: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3046: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3021: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2904: 2902: 2890: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2834: 2832: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2796: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2774: 2754: 2752: 2730: 2728: 2716: 2710: 2708: 2702: 2700: 2694: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2590: 2588: 2576: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2552: 2548: 2542: 2540: 2524: 2522: 2512: 2510: 2446: 2444: 2408: 2406: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2272: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2158:Greek War of Independence 2034: 1834:Greek community in Venice 983:Andronikos IV Palaiologos 838:Andronikos II Palaiologos 754:and was appointed as the 498: 273: 252: 230: 206: 163: 129: 107: 87: 67: 52: 45: 32: 27:Byzantine imperial family 11812:Droungarios of the Fleet 10662:Andronikos V Palaiologos 10398:Michael VIII Palaiologos 10006:"The Palaiologos family" 9901:Encyclopaedia Britannica 9779:Études Prosopographiques 9329:. Leiden, London: Brill. 9075:Foster, Russell (2015). 8886:Barker, John W. (2017). 8820:, pp. 159, 858–861. 7028: 6824:1260–1299/1300; married 6421:Andronikos V Palaiologos 3840:Michael VIII Palaiologos 3794:Nikephoros Tarchaneiotes 2206: Palaiologos family 2147:Wall engraving from the 2011:Paleologo Mastrogiovanni 1512:Michael VIII Palaiologos 1494:(Viterbo) and the Greek 1265:Suleiman the Magnificent 716:Michael VIII Palaiologos 682:John III Doukas Vatatzes 424:Michael VIII Palaiologos 263:(Despotate of the Morea) 120:Michael VIII Palaiologos 40:Palaeologus, Palaeologue 12326:Early Byzantine mosaics 11688:Domestic of the Schools 10724:Constantine Palaiologos 10626:Theodore II Palaiologos 10465:Constantine Palaiologos 10429:Constantine Palaiologos 10403:John Doukas Palaiologos 9897:"Manuel II Palaeologus" 9713:. Abingdon: Routledge. 9710:The History of Barbados 9498:"Byzantium and England" 9118:Hackel, Sergei (2001). 8174:Forebears – Palaiologou 8162:Forebears – Palaiologos 6804:, and a granddaughter, 6798:Constantine Palaiologos 4587:Constantine Palaiologos 3366:Constantine Palaiologos 2070:Second Council of Lyons 1970:Alfonso the Magnanimous 1898:Other claims of descent 1721:, born in January 1694. 1322:Kingdom of Thessalonica 1317:Second Council of Lyons 1234:Constantine Palaiologos 1006:Palaiologan Renaissance 765:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum 154:John George Palaeologus 12643:Byzantine commonwealth 11405:Praetorian prefectures 11325:Logothetes tou genikou 11299:Quaestor sacri palatii 11294:Comes rerum privatarum 11067:Fall of Constantinople 11006:Sack of Constantinople 10752:Palaeologus-Montferrat 10631:Andronikos Palaiologos 10590:Theodore I Palaiologos 10480:Palaeologus-Montferrat 10460:Michael IX Palaiologos 10372:Andronikos Palaiologos 10292:Nikephoros Palaiologos 10111:Despotate of the Morea 9882:Condottieri di ventura 9783:Prosopographic Studies 9350:Mallat, Peter (1990). 9097:Geanakoplos, Deno John 8186:Forebears – Paleologos 7052:Palaeologus-Montferrat 6892:Palaeologus-Montferrat 6022:Andronikos Palaiologos 5266:Francesco I Gattilusio 4560:Michael IX Palaiologos 3609:Andronikos Palaiologos 3515:Andronikos Palaiologos 3013:Andronikos Palaiologos 2975:Nikephoros Palaiologos 2454:Nikephoros Palaiologos 2152: 2133: 2109:in 1444. In 1798, the 2082:John II Megas Komnenos 2064: 1919:Andronikos Palaiologos 1910: 1888:Mahmud Pasha Angelović 1869: 1756: 1661:of 1642–1651. His son 1627: 1578: 1457:Theophilos Palaiologos 1443: 1360: 1357:Palaeologus-Montferrat 1304: 1301:Palaeologus-Montferrat 1291:Palaeologus-Montferrat 1285:Palaeologus-Montferrat 1170: 1142: 1088:were not as friendly. 1034: 1030:1449–1453), the final 924:on the other led to a 902: 866:Michael IX Palaiologos 856: 804:Alexios Strategopoulos 726: 668:Andronikos Palaiologos 599:, commander (possibly 597:Nikephoros Palaiologos 519: 479:Palaeologus-Montferrat 397:Nikephoros Palaiologos 370:Fall of Constantinople 280:Palaeologus-Montferrat 112:Nikephoros Palaiologos 62:with the family cypher 12343:Komnenian renaissance 12338:Macedonian period art 12243:Sant'Apollinare Nuovo 12215:Walls of Thessaloniki 11315:Logothetes tou dromou 10930:Twenty Years' Anarchy 10894:Valentinianic dynasty 10889:Constantinian dynasty 10775:male-line descendants 10641:Demetrios Palaiologos 10621:John VIII Palaiologos 10585:Manuel II Palaiologos 10487:Demetrios Palaiologos 9844:Dumbarton Oaks Papers 9081:. Oxford: Routledge. 9014:Fermor, Patrick Leigh 8916:Burke, Ersie (2014). 8881:(in German): 197–210. 8796:, pp. 1556–1558. 8198:Forebears – Paleologo 6896:Demetrios Palaiologos 6042:Demetrios Palaiologos 5989:John VIII Palaiologos 5713:Manuel II Palaiologos 5196:Theodora Kantakouzene 4863:Theodora Palaiologina 4794:John VI Kantakouzenos 4193:Yolande of Montferrat 3632:Theodora Palaiologina 2146: 2128:Anthemus of Jerusalem 2119: 2042: 1905: 1859: 1852:In the Ottoman Empire 1823:San Giorgio dei Greci 1742:Possible portrait of 1741: 1618: 1572: 1522:who had lived in the 1437: 1373:John II of Montferrat 1350: 1334:Yolande of Montferrat 1298: 1160: 1133:, younger brother of 1129: 1062:John VIII Palaiologos 1019: 991:Manuel II Palaiologos 954:Matthew Kantakouzenos 888:John VI Kantakouzenos 886: 851: 714: 562:Constantine the Great 506: 468:Roman Catholic Church 464:Greek Orthodox Church 385:Constantine the Great 383:that had accompanied 268:(March of Montferrat) 223:Marquis of Montferrat 146:Demetrios Palaiologos 12540:Units of measurement 12274:Panagia Gorgoepikoos 12167:Pammakaristos Church 12015:Corpus Juris Civilis 11966:Missionary activity 11425:Exarchate of Ravenna 11251:Imperial bureaucracy 10730:Fernando Palaiologos 10616:John VII Palaiologos 10475:Theodore Palaiologos 10439:Eudokia Palaiologina 10434:Theodore Palaiologos 9590:(1995). "Epilogue". 9588:Norwich, John Julius 9325:Lamers, Han (2015). 9177:The End of Byzantium 9038:Fine, John V. A. Jr. 9022:. London: Hachette. 8895:Byzantion Nea Hellás 6941:John VII Palaiologos 6908:Simonis Palaiologina 6884:Theodore Palaiologos 6838:John II of Trebizond 6834:Eudokia Palaiologina 6814:Theodore Palaiologos 5999:Theodore Palaiologos 5967:John VII Palaiologos 5723:Theodore Palaiologos 2376:Constantine X Doukas 1783:Theodore Palaiologos 1744:Theodore Palaiologos 1663:Ferdinand Paleologus 1621:Ferdinand Paleologus 1565:Paleologus of Pesaro 1559:Paleologus of Pesaro 1342:John I of Montferrat 1242:Fernando Palaiologos 1047:Crusade of Nicopolis 999:John VII Palaiologos 932:of Serbia to invade 823:Arsenios Autoreianos 773:Theodore II Laskaris 607:Theme of Mesopotamia 518:in central Anatolia. 456:Mehmed the Conqueror 299:House of Palaiologos 102:(as imperial family) 12919:Palaiologos dynasty 12064:Culture and society 11927:Ecumenical councils 11430:Exarchate of Africa 11420:Quaestura exercitus 11284:Magister officiorum 11279:Praetorian prefects 10922:Byzantine Dark Ages 10736:Andreas Palaiologos 10687:Andreas Palaiologos 10672:Helena Palaiologina 10600:Zampia Palaiologina 10595:Michael Palaiologos 10559:Michael Palaiologos 10356:Alexios Palaiologos 10134:March of Montferrat 9137:Hall, John (2015). 9120:The Byzantine saint 8808:, pp. 158–172. 8670:, pp. 264–275. 8646:, pp. 258–264. 8544:, pp. 197–210. 8532:, pp. 251–308. 8215:, pp. 188–189. 7862:, pp. 387–388. 7850:, pp. 286–290. 7778:, pp. 115–116. 7742:, pp. 138–143. 7730:, pp. 539–540. 7289:, pp. 117–118. 7159:, pp. 230–231. 7050:Last member of the 6967:Charlotte of Cyprus 6830:David VI of Georgia 6754:Andreas Palaiologos 6519:Andreas Palaiologos 6469:Helena Palaiologina 6458:Helena Palaiologina 6445:Helena Palaiologina 5735:Michael Palaiologos 5663:Keratsa of Bulgaria 5279:Michael Palaiologos 5224:Helena Kantakouzene 3855:Theodora Vatatzaina 3603:Michael Palaiologos 3507:Alexios Palaiologos 3477:Alexios Palaiologos 3330:Alexios III Angelos 3309:Michael Palaiologos 3031:Alexios Palaiologos 2986:Constantine Angelos 2980:Michael Palaiologos 2098:Council of Florence 1734:Paleologo of Venice 1719:Godscall Paleologue 1584:Theodore Paleologus 1575:Theodore Paleologus 1500:Theodore Spandounes 1338:March of Montferrat 1163:Andreas Palaiologos 1139:Despot of the Morea 971:Despot of the Morea 965:) and John V's son 870:period of civil war 752:Theodora Vatatzaina 660:Theodore I Laskaris 652:took Constantinople 483:March of Montferrat 218:Despot of the Morea 191:Godscall Paleologue 171:Andreas Palaiologos 76:March of Montferrat 60:Double-headed eagle 12481:Flags and insignia 12127:Baths of Zeuxippus 12010:Codex Theodosianus 11900:Oriental Orthodoxy 10858:Later Roman Empire 10692:Manuel Palaiologos 10646:Thomas Palaiologos 10554:John V Palaiologos 10340:George Palaiologos 10308:George Palaiologos 10123:House of Aleramici 9846:. 23/24: 251–308. 9729:Setton, Kenneth M. 9356:Macedonian Studies 9278:Kazhdan, Alexander 9268:Kazhdan, Alexander 8518:Papademetriou 2015 7096:, p. 183–184. 7069:Thomas Palaiologos 6918:), Maria (wife of 6904:Irene Palaiologina 6846:Maria Palaiologina 6806:Maria Palaiologina 6528:Manuel Palaiologos 6510:Ivan III of Russia 6072:Catherine Zaccaria 6062:Thomas Palaiologos 5685:Irene Palaiologina 5292:Irene Palaiologina 5253:Maria Palaiologina 5239:John V Palaiologos 5210:Irene Palaiologina 4839:Manuel Palaiologos 4145:Irene Palaiologina 3825:Irene Palaiologina 3814:John Kantakouzenos 3805:Maria Palaiologina 3355:George Palaiologos 3164:Andronikos Angelos 2663:Alexios I Komnenos 2624:George Palaiologos 2153: 2149:Castle of Mytilene 2065: 2051:) of Palaiologos: 1941:Maurice Paléologue 1911: 1907:Maurice Paléologue 1870: 1757: 1752:in the service of 1628: 1579: 1444: 1395:Margaret Paleologa 1388:Holy Roman Emperor 1365:born in the purple 1361: 1353:Margaret Paleologa 1305: 1238:Maria Palaiologina 1219:Ivan III of Moscow 1199:Catherine Zaccaria 1171: 1143: 1131:Thomas Palaiologos 1035: 922:John Kantakouzenos 913:and the Patriarch 907:John V Palaiologos 903: 857: 727: 707:Path to the throne 623:Alexios I Komnenos 619:George Palaiologos 611:Michael VII Doukas 587:, possibly in the 520: 258:(Byzantine Empire) 183:Margaret Paleologa 138:(Byzantine Empire) 12906: 12905: 12729: 12728: 12691: 12690: 12648:Byzantine studies 12623: 12622: 12619: 12618: 12434:Alexander Romance 12292: 12291: 12269:Nea Moni of Chios 12132:Blachernae Palace 12054: 12053: 12050: 12049: 12020:Code of Justinian 11868:Eastern Orthodoxy 11839: 11838: 11835: 11834: 11761: 11760: 11635:Scholae Palatinae 11531: 11530: 11527: 11526: 11496:Foreign relations 11490: 11489: 11384: 11383: 11198: 11197: 11194: 11193: 10997:(1204–1453) 10782: 10781: 10762:Paleologus-Pesaro 10482: 10253:(1390; 1403–1408) 10150: 10149: 10141:Succeeded by 10091: 9792:978-2-85944-110-4 9684:Sainty, Guy Stair 9620:978-0-19-871789-8 9249:Westminster Abbey 9238:978-84-1324-092-3 7379:, pp. 39–46. 7364:, pp. 26–30. 6997:Ivan the Terrible 6777: 6776: 6431:John II of Cyprus 6081:3–4 more children 4852:Anna Palaiologina 2679:1060/1065–1118/36 2673:Adrianos Komnenos 2473:Andronikos Doukas 2182:male-line descent 2027:George Sphrantzes 1987:San Mauro Cilento 1659:English Civil War 1414:Paleologo-Oriundi 1227:George Sphrantzes 1210:arrived in Rome. 1032:Byzantine Emperor 757:megas konostaulos 674:, was proclaimed 593:Alexander Kazhdan 539: 327:; female version 295: 294: 289: 269: 264: 259: 248: 243:Roman Catholicism 240: 199: 187: 179: 159: 151: 139: 125: 103: 16:(Redirected from 12926: 12756: 12749: 12742: 12733: 12732: 12716: 12629: 12628: 12572:Imperial Library 12518:Byzantine Greeks 12259:Daphni Monastery 12210:Panagia Chalkeon 12205:Hagios Demetrios 12172:Prison of Anemas 12122:Basilica Cistern 12080: 12079: 12071: 12070: 12060: 12059: 11915:West Syriac Rite 11905:Alexandrian Rite 11856: 11855: 11849:Religion and law 11845: 11844: 11780:Maritime themata 11736:Palaiologan army 11589:Military manuals 11557: 11556: 11548: 11547: 11537: 11536: 11395: 11394: 11371:Megas logothetes 11222: 11221: 11215: 11214: 11204: 11203: 11077:By modern region 10998: 10945: 10944:(717–1204) 10876: 10838: 10837: 10825: 10824: 10816:Byzantine Empire 10809: 10802: 10795: 10786: 10785: 10757:Asen Palaiologos 10697:Hass Murad Pasha 10497:John Palaiologos 10478: 10470:John Palaiologos 10188:Byzantine Empire 10176: 10169: 10162: 10153: 10152: 10144:House of Gonzaga 10120:Preceded by 10097:Preceded by 10081: 10071:Byzantine Empire 10057:Preceded by 10024: 10023: 10019: 10017: 10016: 10001: 9999: 9998: 9982: 9980: 9979: 9964: 9962: 9961: 9946: 9944: 9943: 9928: 9926: 9925: 9910: 9908: 9907: 9892: 9890: 9889: 9863: 9835: 9821: 9804: 9769: 9748: 9724: 9703: 9679: 9662:Runciman, Steven 9657: 9640:Runciman, Steven 9635: 9624: 9605: 9583: 9564:Nicol, Donald M. 9559: 9547: 9538:Nicol, Donald M. 9533: 9514:Nicol, Donald M. 9509: 9494:Nicol, Donald M. 9489: 9479: 9471:Nicol, Donald M. 9466: 9445: 9423: 9401: 9395: 9385: 9363: 9346: 9340: 9330: 9321: 9297: 9275: 9263: 9242: 9219: 9198: 9171: 9154: 9133: 9114: 9092: 9071: 9057: 9033: 9009: 9000: 8990: 8980: 8966: 8956: 8935: 8912: 8910: 8892: 8882: 8876: 8863: 8833: 8827: 8821: 8815: 8809: 8803: 8797: 8791: 8785: 8779: 8773: 8767: 8761: 8755: 8746: 8740: 8734: 8728: 8722: 8716: 8710: 8704: 8698: 8692: 8683: 8680:Geanakoplos 1959 8677: 8671: 8668:Geanakoplos 1959 8665: 8659: 8653: 8647: 8644:Geanakoplos 1959 8641: 8635: 8629: 8623: 8617: 8611: 8605: 8599: 8598:, p. 33–34. 8593: 8587: 8581: 8572: 8566: 8560: 8554: 8545: 8539: 8533: 8527: 8521: 8515: 8506: 8500: 8494: 8488: 8482: 8476: 8470: 8464: 8453: 8447: 8438: 8432: 8426: 8420: 8414: 8408: 8402: 8396: 8387: 8381: 8375: 8369: 8363: 8357: 8351: 8345: 8339: 8333: 8327: 8321: 8315: 8309: 8303: 8297: 8291: 8285: 8279: 8273: 8267: 8261: 8255: 8249: 8243: 8237: 8231: 8225: 8216: 8210: 8201: 8195: 8189: 8183: 8177: 8171: 8165: 8159: 8153: 8147: 8141: 8135: 8129: 8123: 8117: 8111: 8100: 8094: 8073: 8067: 8056: 8050: 8044: 8038: 8032: 8026: 8013: 8007: 8001: 7995: 7989: 7983: 7977: 7971: 7965: 7959: 7953: 7947: 7938: 7932: 7926: 7920: 7914: 7908: 7902: 7896: 7887: 7881: 7875: 7869: 7863: 7857: 7851: 7848:Geanakoplos 1959 7845: 7839: 7833: 7827: 7826:, pp. 189f. 7824:Geanakoplos 1959 7821: 7815: 7809: 7803: 7797: 7791: 7785: 7779: 7773: 7767: 7761: 7755: 7749: 7743: 7737: 7731: 7725: 7719: 7713: 7704: 7698: 7692: 7686: 7680: 7674: 7665: 7659: 7653: 7647: 7641: 7635: 7629: 7623: 7614: 7608: 7602: 7596: 7590: 7584: 7578: 7572: 7563: 7557: 7548: 7542: 7533: 7527: 7521: 7515: 7509: 7503: 7497: 7491: 7485: 7479: 7470: 7464: 7458: 7452: 7443: 7437: 7431: 7425: 7419: 7413: 7407: 7401: 7392: 7386: 7380: 7377:Geanakoplos 1959 7374: 7365: 7362:Geanakoplos 1959 7359: 7350: 7347:Geanakoplos 1959 7344: 7338: 7335:Geanakoplos 1959 7332: 7326: 7320: 7314: 7308: 7302: 7296: 7290: 7284: 7278: 7272: 7237: 7231: 7225: 7219: 7213: 7207: 7201: 7195: 7184: 7178: 7172: 7166: 7160: 7154: 7148: 7142: 7133: 7127: 7118: 7112: 7097: 7091: 7072: 7061: 7055: 7048: 7042: 7039: 7004: 6989: 6983: 6976: 6970: 6963: 6957: 6955: 6950: 6944: 6937:Irene Gattilusio 6933: 6927: 6913: 6901: 6889: 6880:John Palaiologos 6876: 6870: 6867:Asen Palaiologos 6859: 6853: 6823: 6819: 6810:Nemanjić dynasty 6802:John Palaiologos 6795: 6790: 6767:John Palaiologos 6762: 6759: 6533: 6496:Zoe Palaiologina 6488: 6052:Theodora Asanina 6012:Cleofa Malatesta 6004: 5978:Irene Gattilusio 5728: 5701: 5678: 5298: 5284: 5216: 5202: 5184: 4872: 4871: 1308–1330 4869: 4199: 4166: 4152: 3870:John Palaiologos 3861: 3830: 3614: 3373: 3372: 1157–1166 3370: 3360: 3336: 3169: 3018: 3003:Theodora Komnene 2991: 2678: 2651: 2210: 2209: 2205: 2131: 2017:) in his honour. 1884:Hass Murad Pasha 1862:Hass Murad Pasha 1838:Siege of Nicosia 1707:, Spain in 1693. 1573:Coat of arms of 1524:Empire of Nicaea 1310:Charles of Anjou 1273: 1271: 1258: 1256: 1195:Despot of Serbia 1029: 1027: 961:(the modern-day 919:megas domestikos 896: 894: 777:John IV Laskaris 731:megas domestikos 724: 722: 677:megas domestikos 664:Empire of Nicaea 645:Komnenos dynasty 578:Byzantine Empire 556:who traveled to 538: 535: 428:John IV Laskaris 413:Empire of Nicaea 358:Byzantine Empire 340: 339: 326: 325: 321: 317: 316: 304: 287: 285:Asen Palaiologos 267: 262: 257: 246: 238: 197: 193: 185: 177: 173: 157: 149: 137: 123: 117: 101: 98: 96: 72:Byzantine Empire 57: 47:Imperial dynasty 30: 29: 21: 12934: 12933: 12929: 12928: 12927: 12925: 12924: 12923: 12909: 12908: 12907: 12902: 12769: 12760: 12730: 12725: 12722: 12687: 12663:Cyrillic script 12634: 12615: 12560: 12544: 12444: 12426:Digenes Akritas 12402: 12347: 12288: 12252:Other locations 12247: 12219: 12176: 12108: 12097:Cross-in-square 12065: 12046: 11996: 11850: 11831: 11757: 11707: 11703:Varangian Guard 11646: 11620:East Roman army 11615:Late Roman army 11603: 11542: 11523: 11486: 11465: 11434: 11380: 11359: 11355:Epi ton deeseon 11345:Epi tou eidikou 11303: 11267: 11209: 11190: 11177: 11080: 11078: 11071: 11057:Palaiologan era 10999: 10996: 10987: 10958:Nikephorian era 10946: 10943: 10934: 10877: 10875:(330–717) 10874: 10865: 10845: 10832: 10819: 10813: 10783: 10778: 10767: 10740: 10711:15th generation 10706: 10655:14th generation 10650: 10609:13th generation 10604: 10573:12th generation 10568: 10542:11th generation 10537: 10506:10th generation 10501: 10448: 10407: 10381: 10360: 10344: 10328: 10312: 10296: 10280: 10190: 10180: 10146: 10137: 10125: 10114: 10102: 10080: 10074: 10062: 10052: 10046: 10042:Founding year: 10040: 10035: 10022: 10014: 10012: 9996: 9994: 9977: 9975: 9959: 9957: 9941: 9939: 9923: 9921: 9905: 9903: 9887: 9885: 9871: 9866: 9852:10.2307/1291294 9840:Vryonis, Speros 9819: 9793: 9766: 9745: 9721: 9700: 9676: 9621: 9602: 9580: 9556: 9530: 9477: 9463: 9428:Miller, William 9406:Miller, William 9393: 9382: 9338: 9294: 9260: 9239: 9187: 9151: 9130: 9089: 9054: 9030: 8988: 8964: 8953: 8932: 8901:(36): 157–183. 8890: 8874: 8868:Babinger, Franz 8860: 8841: 8836: 8828: 8824: 8816: 8812: 8804: 8800: 8792: 8788: 8780: 8776: 8768: 8764: 8756: 8749: 8741: 8737: 8729: 8725: 8717: 8713: 8705: 8701: 8693: 8686: 8678: 8674: 8666: 8662: 8654: 8650: 8642: 8638: 8630: 8626: 8618: 8614: 8606: 8602: 8594: 8590: 8582: 8575: 8567: 8563: 8555: 8548: 8540: 8536: 8528: 8524: 8516: 8509: 8501: 8497: 8489: 8485: 8477: 8473: 8465: 8456: 8448: 8441: 8433: 8429: 8421: 8417: 8409: 8405: 8397: 8390: 8382: 8378: 8370: 8366: 8358: 8354: 8346: 8342: 8334: 8330: 8322: 8318: 8310: 8306: 8298: 8294: 8286: 8282: 8274: 8270: 8262: 8258: 8250: 8246: 8238: 8234: 8226: 8219: 8211: 8204: 8196: 8192: 8184: 8180: 8172: 8168: 8160: 8156: 8148: 8144: 8136: 8132: 8124: 8120: 8112: 8103: 8095: 8076: 8068: 8059: 8051: 8047: 8043:, pp. 3–9. 8039: 8035: 8027: 8016: 8008: 8004: 7996: 7992: 7984: 7980: 7972: 7968: 7960: 7956: 7948: 7941: 7933: 7929: 7921: 7917: 7909: 7905: 7897: 7890: 7882: 7878: 7870: 7866: 7858: 7854: 7846: 7842: 7834: 7830: 7822: 7818: 7810: 7806: 7798: 7794: 7786: 7782: 7774: 7770: 7762: 7758: 7750: 7746: 7740:Enepekides 1960 7738: 7734: 7726: 7722: 7714: 7707: 7699: 7695: 7687: 7683: 7675: 7668: 7660: 7656: 7648: 7644: 7636: 7632: 7624: 7617: 7609: 7605: 7597: 7593: 7585: 7581: 7573: 7566: 7558: 7551: 7543: 7536: 7528: 7524: 7516: 7512: 7504: 7500: 7492: 7488: 7480: 7473: 7465: 7461: 7453: 7446: 7438: 7434: 7426: 7422: 7414: 7410: 7402: 7395: 7387: 7383: 7375: 7368: 7360: 7353: 7345: 7341: 7333: 7329: 7321: 7317: 7309: 7305: 7301:, p. 1557. 7297: 7293: 7285: 7281: 7273: 7240: 7232: 7228: 7220: 7216: 7208: 7204: 7196: 7187: 7179: 7175: 7167: 7163: 7155: 7151: 7143: 7136: 7128: 7121: 7113: 7100: 7092: 7085: 7081: 7076: 7075: 7062: 7058: 7049: 7045: 7040: 7036: 7031: 7014: 7009: 7008: 7007: 7001:Romanov dynasty 6990: 6986: 6977: 6973: 6965:Two daughters, 6964: 6960: 6951: 6947: 6934: 6930: 6877: 6873: 6860: 6856: 6812:of Serbia) and 6791: 6787: 6768: 6760: 6756: 6742: 6724: 6696: 6530: 6521: 6512: 6499: 6485: 6483:Lazar Branković 6472: 6461: 6448: 6433: 6424: 6082: 6075: 6064: 6055: 6044: 6035: 6024: 6015: 6001: 5992: 5981: 5970: 5737: 5725: 5716: 5698: 5687: 5675: 5666: 5651: 5467: 5295: 5281: 5268: 5255: 5242: 5227: 5213: 5199: 5181: 4870: 4866: 4855: 4840: 4831: 4816: 4797: 4600: 4590:1278/81–1334/35 4589: 4578: 4575:Rita of Armenia 4563: 4532: 4530:Andronikos Asen 4524: 4206: 4205:6 more children 4196: 4181: 4163: 4160:Anna of Hungary 4148: 4133: 3872: 3858: 3843: 3827: 3807: 3611: 3509: 3371: 3367: 3357: 3333: 3166: 3019:1083/85–1115/18 3015: 3006: 2988: 2675: 2666: 2648: 2475: 2456: 2379: 2340: 2207: 2203: 2178: 2132: 2126: 2107:Battle of Varna 2037: 1900: 1854: 1736: 1649:Earl of Lincoln 1598:Vatican Library 1567: 1561: 1432: 1426: 1293: 1287: 1282: 1268: 1253: 1246:Ludovico Sforza 1191:Lazar Branković 1124: 1024: 1014: 891: 853:Imperial banner 846: 781:George Mouzalon 748:trial by ordeal 719: 709: 704: 698: 524:oral traditions 501: 351:Byzantine Greek 265: 260: 245: 241: 237: 235:Greek Orthodoxy 202: 156: 152: 148: 140: 136: 124:(first emperor) 122: 118: 115: 114: 99: 94: 92: 82: 78: 74: 63: 41: 38: 37: 34: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12932: 12922: 12921: 12904: 12903: 12901: 12900: 12890: 12885: 12880: 12875: 12870: 12865: 12860: 12855: 12850: 12845: 12840: 12835: 12830: 12825: 12820: 12815: 12810: 12805: 12800: 12795: 12790: 12785: 12780: 12774: 12771: 12770: 12759: 12758: 12751: 12744: 12736: 12727: 12726: 12724: 12723: 12721: 12720: 12710: 12705: 12699: 12696: 12693: 12692: 12689: 12688: 12686: 12685: 12680: 12675: 12670: 12665: 12660: 12655: 12650: 12645: 12639: 12636: 12635: 12625: 12624: 12621: 12620: 12617: 12616: 12614: 12613: 12612: 12611: 12601: 12596: 12595: 12594: 12584: 12579: 12574: 12569: 12563: 12561: 12559: 12558: 12555: 12549: 12546: 12545: 12543: 12542: 12537: 12532: 12527: 12522: 12521: 12520: 12510: 12509: 12508: 12503: 12493: 12488: 12483: 12478: 12473: 12468: 12463: 12458: 12452: 12450: 12446: 12445: 12443: 12442: 12437: 12430: 12429: 12428: 12418: 12412: 12410: 12404: 12403: 12401: 12400: 12395: 12394: 12393: 12388: 12383: 12373: 12368: 12363: 12357: 12355: 12349: 12348: 12346: 12345: 12340: 12335: 12330: 12329: 12328: 12318: 12313: 12308: 12302: 12300: 12294: 12293: 12290: 12289: 12287: 12286: 12281: 12276: 12271: 12266: 12261: 12255: 12253: 12249: 12248: 12246: 12245: 12240: 12235: 12229: 12227: 12221: 12220: 12218: 12217: 12212: 12207: 12202: 12197: 12195:Byzantine Bath 12192: 12186: 12184: 12178: 12177: 12175: 12174: 12169: 12164: 12159: 12154: 12149: 12144: 12139: 12134: 12129: 12124: 12118: 12116: 12114:Constantinople 12110: 12109: 12107: 12106: 12105: 12104: 12099: 12089: 12083: 12077: 12067: 12066: 12056: 12055: 12052: 12051: 12048: 12047: 12045: 12044: 12039: 12034: 12029: 12024: 12023: 12022: 12012: 12006: 12004: 11998: 11997: 11995: 11994: 11989: 11988: 11987: 11982: 11977: 11972: 11964: 11959: 11954: 11949: 11944: 11939: 11934: 11929: 11924: 11923: 11922: 11917: 11912: 11907: 11897: 11896: 11895: 11890: 11885: 11880: 11875: 11873:Byzantine Rite 11864: 11862: 11852: 11851: 11841: 11840: 11837: 11836: 11833: 11832: 11830: 11829: 11824: 11819: 11814: 11809: 11804: 11799: 11798: 11797: 11792: 11787: 11777: 11771: 11769: 11763: 11762: 11759: 11758: 11756: 11755: 11753:Grand domestic 11750: 11749: 11748: 11743: 11733: 11732: 11731: 11726: 11719:Komnenian army 11715: 11713: 11709: 11708: 11706: 11705: 11700: 11695: 11690: 11685: 11680: 11675: 11670: 11665: 11660: 11654: 11652: 11648: 11647: 11645: 11644: 11643: 11642: 11637: 11632: 11627: 11617: 11611: 11609: 11605: 11604: 11602: 11601: 11596: 11594:Military units 11591: 11586: 11581: 11576: 11571: 11566: 11564:Battle tactics 11560: 11554: 11544: 11543: 11533: 11532: 11529: 11528: 11525: 11524: 11522: 11521: 11516: 11511: 11506: 11500: 11498: 11492: 11491: 11488: 11487: 11485: 11484: 11479: 11473: 11471: 11467: 11466: 11464: 11463: 11458: 11453: 11448: 11442: 11440: 11436: 11435: 11433: 11432: 11427: 11422: 11417: 11412: 11407: 11401: 11399: 11392: 11386: 11385: 11382: 11381: 11379: 11378: 11373: 11367: 11365: 11361: 11360: 11358: 11357: 11352: 11347: 11342: 11337: 11332: 11327: 11322: 11317: 11311: 11309: 11305: 11304: 11302: 11301: 11296: 11291: 11286: 11281: 11275: 11273: 11269: 11268: 11266: 11265: 11260: 11259: 11258: 11256:Medieval Greek 11248: 11247: 11246: 11241: 11236: 11225: 11219: 11211: 11210: 11200: 11199: 11196: 11195: 11192: 11191: 11189: 11188: 11183: 11178: 11173: 11171: 11166: 11161: 11156: 11151: 11150: 11149: 11144: 11134: 11129: 11124: 11119: 11114: 11109: 11104: 11099: 11094: 11089: 11083: 11081: 11076: 11073: 11072: 11070: 11069: 11064: 11059: 11054: 11027: 11026: 11025: 11015: 11014: 11013: 11011:Fourth Crusade 11002: 11000: 10992: 10989: 10988: 10986: 10985: 10980: 10975: 10970: 10968:Macedonian era 10965: 10960: 10955: 10949: 10947: 10939: 10936: 10935: 10933: 10932: 10927: 10926: 10925: 10913: 10908: 10903: 10901:Theodosian era 10898: 10897: 10896: 10891: 10880: 10878: 10870: 10867: 10866: 10864: 10863: 10862: 10861: 10848: 10846: 10841: 10834: 10833: 10821: 10820: 10812: 10811: 10804: 10797: 10789: 10780: 10779: 10772: 10769: 10768: 10766: 10765: 10759: 10754: 10748: 10746: 10745:Cadet branches 10742: 10741: 10739: 10738: 10733: 10727: 10721: 10714: 10712: 10708: 10707: 10705: 10704: 10699: 10694: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10658: 10656: 10652: 10651: 10649: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10618: 10612: 10610: 10606: 10605: 10603: 10602: 10597: 10592: 10587: 10582: 10576: 10574: 10570: 10569: 10567: 10566: 10561: 10556: 10551: 10545: 10543: 10539: 10538: 10536: 10535: 10530: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10509: 10507: 10503: 10502: 10500: 10499: 10494: 10489: 10484: 10472: 10467: 10462: 10456: 10454: 10453:9th generation 10450: 10449: 10447: 10446: 10441: 10436: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10415: 10413: 10412:8th generation 10409: 10408: 10406: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10389: 10387: 10386:7th generation 10383: 10382: 10380: 10379: 10374: 10368: 10366: 10365:6th generation 10362: 10361: 10359: 10358: 10352: 10350: 10349:5th generation 10346: 10345: 10343: 10342: 10336: 10334: 10333:4th generation 10330: 10329: 10327: 10326: 10320: 10318: 10317:3rd generation 10314: 10313: 10311: 10310: 10304: 10302: 10301:2nd generation 10298: 10297: 10295: 10294: 10288: 10286: 10285:1st generation 10282: 10281: 10279: 10278: 10275:Constantine XI 10272: 10266: 10260: 10254: 10248: 10242: 10234: 10226: 10220: 10217:Andronikos III 10214: 10208: 10202: 10195: 10192: 10191: 10179: 10178: 10171: 10164: 10156: 10148: 10147: 10142: 10139: 10126: 10121: 10117: 10116: 10103: 10098: 10094: 10093: 10088:House of Osman 10084:Ottoman Empire 10076: 10063: 10058: 10054: 10053: 10047: 10041: 10036: 10031:Imperial house 10027: 10021: 10020: 10002: 9983: 9965: 9947: 9929: 9911: 9893: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9864: 9836: 9805: 9791: 9770: 9764: 9749: 9743: 9725: 9720:978-0714619484 9719: 9704: 9699:978-8434025066 9698: 9680: 9675:978-1845118952 9674: 9658: 9636: 9625: 9619: 9606: 9601:978-0679416500 9600: 9584: 9578: 9560: 9554: 9534: 9528: 9510: 9502:Balkan Studies 9490: 9467: 9461: 9446: 9424: 9402: 9386: 9381:978-0198140986 9380: 9364: 9347: 9331: 9322: 9312:(2): 386–410. 9298: 9292: 9264: 9258: 9243: 9237: 9220: 9210:(3): 643–661. 9199: 9186:978-0300117868 9185: 9172: 9155: 9150:978-0750962612 9149: 9134: 9128: 9115: 9093: 9088:978-1315744759 9087: 9072: 9062:Finlay, George 9058: 9052: 9034: 9029:978-1848545465 9028: 9010: 9001: 8981: 8971:(in Italian). 8957: 8951: 8936: 8931:978-9155489151 8930: 8913: 8883: 8864: 8858: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8834: 8822: 8810: 8798: 8786: 8774: 8772:, p. 230. 8770:Schomburg 2012 8762: 8760:, p. 124. 8747: 8735: 8733:, p. 334. 8723: 8721:, p. 333. 8711: 8709:, p. 194. 8699: 8697:, p. 109. 8684: 8682:, p. 341. 8672: 8660: 8658:, p. 338. 8648: 8636: 8624: 8612: 8600: 8588: 8573: 8571:, p. 119. 8561: 8546: 8534: 8522: 8520:, p. 190. 8507: 8505:, p. 130. 8495: 8493:, p. 129. 8483: 8481:, p. 122. 8471: 8454: 8452:, p. 121. 8439: 8437:, p. 112. 8427: 8425:, p. 203. 8415: 8413:, p. 202. 8403: 8401:, p. 209. 8388: 8386:, p. 436. 8376: 8374:, p. 202. 8364: 8362:, p. 144. 8352: 8340: 8328: 8316: 8304: 8292: 8280: 8268: 8256: 8254:, p. 229. 8244: 8242:, p. 435. 8232: 8217: 8202: 8190: 8178: 8166: 8154: 8142: 8130: 8128:, p. 116. 8118: 8116:, p. 111. 8101: 8099:, p. 117. 8074: 8057: 8055:, p. 252. 8045: 8033: 8031:, p. 118. 8014: 8012:, p. 176. 8002: 8000:, p. 175. 7990: 7988:, p. 403. 7978: 7976:, p. 168. 7966: 7964:, p. 180. 7962:Dąbrowska 1996 7954: 7952:, p. 402. 7939: 7937:, p. 395. 7927: 7925:, p. 392. 7915: 7913:, p. 393. 7903: 7901:, p. 167. 7888: 7886:, p. 386. 7876: 7874:, p. 390. 7864: 7852: 7840: 7838:, p. 332. 7828: 7816: 7814:, p. 183. 7804: 7802:, p. 455. 7792: 7780: 7768: 7766:, p. 254. 7756: 7754:, p. 651. 7744: 7732: 7720: 7718:, p. 650. 7705: 7703:, p. 538. 7693: 7691:, p. 554. 7681: 7679:, p. 250. 7666: 7664:, p. 114. 7654: 7652:, p. 240. 7642: 7630: 7628:, p. 113. 7615: 7613:, p. 239. 7603: 7601:, p. 238. 7591: 7589:, p. 230. 7579: 7577:, p. 110. 7564: 7562:, p. 111. 7549: 7547:, p. 393. 7534: 7532:, p. 392. 7522: 7520:, p. 391. 7510: 7498: 7486: 7471: 7459: 7444: 7442:, p. 274. 7432: 7430:, p. 273. 7420: 7418:, p. 44f. 7408: 7393: 7381: 7366: 7351: 7349:, p. 23f. 7339: 7327: 7325:, p. 121. 7315: 7313:, p. 129. 7303: 7291: 7279: 7238: 7236:, p. 231. 7226: 7224:, p. 657. 7214: 7212:, p. 201. 7202: 7185: 7173: 7161: 7149: 7134: 7119: 7117:, p. 116. 7098: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7074: 7073: 7056: 7043: 7033: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7026: 7025: 7020: 7013: 7010: 7006: 7005: 6984: 6971: 6958: 6945: 6928: 6871: 6854: 6784: 6783: 6775: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6765: 6763: 6751: 6749: 6747: 6745: 6743: 6739: 6737: 6735: 6733: 6731: 6729: 6727: 6725: 6721: 6719: 6717: 6715: 6713: 6711: 6709: 6707: 6705: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6697: 6693: 6691: 6689: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6677: 6675: 6673: 6671: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6659: 6657: 6655: 6653: 6651: 6649: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6641: 6639: 6637: 6635: 6633: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6617: 6615: 6613: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6605: 6603: 6601: 6599: 6597: 6595: 6593: 6591: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6583: 6581: 6579: 6577: 6575: 6573: 6571: 6569: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6561: 6559: 6557: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6549: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6535: 6525: 6523: 6516: 6514: 6507: 6505: 6503: 6501: 6500:1448/1451–1503 6492: 6490: 6480: 6478: 6476: 6474: 6465: 6463: 6454: 6452: 6450: 6441: 6439: 6437: 6435: 6428: 6426: 6416: 6415: 6413: 6411: 6409: 6407: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6399: 6397: 6395: 6393: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6381: 6379: 6377: 6375: 6373: 6371: 6369: 6367: 6365: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6357: 6355: 6353: 6351: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6335: 6333: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6321: 6319: 6317: 6315: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6307: 6305: 6303: 6301: 6299: 6297: 6295: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6281: 6279: 6277: 6275: 6273: 6271: 6269: 6267: 6265: 6263: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6253: 6251: 6249: 6247: 6245: 6243: 6241: 6239: 6237: 6235: 6233: 6231: 6229: 6227: 6225: 6223: 6221: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6205: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6197: 6195: 6193: 6191: 6189: 6187: 6185: 6183: 6181: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6173: 6171: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6163: 6161: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6151: 6149: 6147: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6139: 6137: 6135: 6133: 6131: 6129: 6127: 6125: 6123: 6121: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6113: 6111: 6109: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6083: 6079: 6077: 6068: 6066: 6059: 6057: 6048: 6046: 6039: 6037: 6028: 6026: 6019: 6017: 6008: 6006: 5996: 5994: 5985: 5983: 5974: 5972: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5943: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5933: 5931: 5929: 5927: 5925: 5923: 5921: 5919: 5917: 5915: 5913: 5911: 5909: 5907: 5905: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5897: 5895: 5893: 5891: 5889: 5887: 5885: 5883: 5881: 5879: 5877: 5875: 5873: 5871: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5863: 5861: 5859: 5857: 5855: 5853: 5851: 5849: 5847: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5839: 5837: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5829: 5827: 5825: 5823: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5815: 5813: 5811: 5809: 5807: 5805: 5803: 5801: 5799: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5787: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5771: 5769: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5755: 5753: 5751: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5739: 5732: 5730: 5720: 5718: 5709: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5691: 5689: 5682: 5680: 5670: 5668: 5659: 5657: 5655: 5653: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5618: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5608: 5606: 5604: 5602: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5584: 5582: 5580: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5520: 5518: 5516: 5514: 5512: 5510: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5500: 5498: 5496: 5494: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5482: 5480: 5478: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5468: 5464: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5442: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5432: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5354: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5326: 5324: 5322: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5288: 5286: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5220: 5218: 5206: 5204: 5192: 5190: 5188: 5186: 5174: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5155: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5113: 5111: 5109: 5107: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5099: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5039: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5017: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5009: 5007: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4873: 4859: 4857: 4848: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4601: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4527: 4525: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4513: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4487: 4485: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4207: 4203: 4201: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4156: 4154: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4134:1259/1260–1303 4127: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4012: 4010: 4008: 4006: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3874: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3844:1224/1225–1282 3836: 3834: 3832: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3811: 3809: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3790: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3635: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3615:1190–1248/1250 3606: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3523: 3521:? Palaiologina 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3496:Irene Angelina 3493: 3491: 3489: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3474: 3473: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3381: 3379:? Palaiologina 3376: 3374: 3364: 3362: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3306: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3043: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3022: 3020: 3010: 3008: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2972: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2691: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2670: 2668: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2645:Irene Doukaina 2641: 2639: 2637: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2620: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2450: 2448: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2381: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2208: 2202: 2177: 2174: 2124: 2090:Pope Martin IV 2036: 2033: 2015:Mastrogiovanni 1899: 1896: 1866:Constantine XI 1853: 1850: 1799:debt collector 1778:of 1463–1479. 1735: 1732: 1703:, and died at 1563:Main article: 1560: 1557: 1467:, Viterbo, or 1425: 1422: 1403:House of Savoy 1289:Main article: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1280:Other lineages 1278: 1135:Constantine XI 1123: 1120: 1066:Mustafa Çelebi 1013: 1010: 946:Serbian Empire 845: 842: 827:excommunicated 708: 705: 697: 694: 649:Fourth Crusade 589:Anatolic Theme 558:Constantinople 516:Anatolic Theme 500: 497: 409:Fourth Crusade 389:Constantinople 293: 292: 291: 290: 282: 275: 274:Cadet branches 271: 270: 254: 250: 249: 232: 228: 227: 226: 225: 220: 215: 208: 204: 203: 201: 200: 188: 180: 167: 165: 161: 160: 131: 127: 126: 109: 105: 104: 89: 85: 84: 80:Ottoman Empire 69: 65: 64: 58: 50: 49: 43: 42: 39: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12931: 12920: 12917: 12916: 12914: 12898: 12894: 12891: 12889: 12886: 12884: 12881: 12879: 12876: 12874: 12871: 12869: 12866: 12864: 12861: 12859: 12856: 12854: 12851: 12849: 12846: 12844: 12841: 12839: 12836: 12834: 12831: 12829: 12826: 12824: 12821: 12819: 12816: 12814: 12811: 12809: 12806: 12804: 12803:Constantinian 12801: 12799: 12796: 12794: 12791: 12789: 12786: 12784: 12781: 12779: 12776: 12775: 12772: 12768: 12764: 12757: 12752: 12750: 12745: 12743: 12738: 12737: 12734: 12719: 12715: 12711: 12709: 12706: 12704: 12701: 12700: 12698: 12697: 12694: 12684: 12681: 12679: 12676: 12674: 12671: 12669: 12666: 12664: 12661: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12640: 12637: 12630: 12626: 12610: 12607: 12606: 12605: 12602: 12600: 12597: 12593: 12590: 12589: 12588: 12585: 12583: 12580: 12578: 12575: 12573: 12570: 12568: 12567:Encyclopedias 12565: 12564: 12562: 12556: 12554: 12551: 12550: 12547: 12541: 12538: 12536: 12533: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12523: 12519: 12516: 12515: 12514: 12511: 12507: 12504: 12502: 12499: 12498: 12497: 12494: 12492: 12491:Hellenization 12489: 12487: 12484: 12482: 12479: 12477: 12474: 12472: 12469: 12467: 12464: 12462: 12459: 12457: 12454: 12453: 12451: 12449:Everyday life 12447: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12435: 12431: 12427: 12424: 12423: 12422: 12421:Acritic songs 12419: 12417: 12414: 12413: 12411: 12409: 12405: 12399: 12396: 12392: 12389: 12387: 12384: 12382: 12379: 12378: 12377: 12374: 12372: 12369: 12367: 12364: 12362: 12359: 12358: 12356: 12354: 12350: 12344: 12341: 12339: 12336: 12334: 12331: 12327: 12324: 12323: 12322: 12319: 12317: 12314: 12312: 12309: 12307: 12304: 12303: 12301: 12299: 12295: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12270: 12267: 12265: 12264:Hosios Loukas 12262: 12260: 12257: 12256: 12254: 12250: 12244: 12241: 12239: 12236: 12234: 12231: 12230: 12228: 12226: 12222: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12208: 12206: 12203: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12191: 12188: 12187: 12185: 12183: 12179: 12173: 12170: 12168: 12165: 12163: 12160: 12158: 12155: 12153: 12150: 12148: 12145: 12143: 12140: 12138: 12135: 12133: 12130: 12128: 12125: 12123: 12120: 12119: 12117: 12115: 12111: 12103: 12100: 12098: 12095: 12094: 12093: 12090: 12088: 12085: 12084: 12081: 12078: 12076: 12072: 12068: 12061: 12057: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12028: 12025: 12021: 12018: 12017: 12016: 12013: 12011: 12008: 12007: 12005: 12003: 11999: 11993: 11990: 11986: 11983: 11981: 11978: 11976: 11973: 11971: 11968: 11967: 11965: 11963: 11960: 11958: 11955: 11953: 11950: 11948: 11945: 11943: 11940: 11938: 11937:Monophysitism 11935: 11933: 11930: 11928: 11925: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11910:Armenian Rite 11908: 11906: 11903: 11902: 11901: 11898: 11894: 11891: 11889: 11886: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11876: 11874: 11871: 11870: 11869: 11866: 11865: 11863: 11861: 11857: 11853: 11846: 11842: 11828: 11827:Naval battles 11825: 11823: 11820: 11818: 11815: 11813: 11810: 11808: 11805: 11803: 11800: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11782: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11772: 11770: 11768: 11764: 11754: 11751: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11738: 11737: 11734: 11730: 11727: 11725: 11722: 11721: 11720: 11717: 11716: 11714: 11710: 11704: 11701: 11699: 11696: 11694: 11691: 11689: 11686: 11684: 11681: 11679: 11676: 11674: 11671: 11669: 11666: 11664: 11661: 11659: 11656: 11655: 11653: 11649: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11622: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11612: 11610: 11606: 11600: 11597: 11595: 11592: 11590: 11587: 11585: 11582: 11580: 11577: 11575: 11572: 11570: 11567: 11565: 11562: 11561: 11558: 11555: 11553: 11549: 11545: 11538: 11534: 11520: 11517: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11505: 11502: 11501: 11499: 11497: 11493: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11474: 11472: 11468: 11462: 11459: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11449: 11447: 11444: 11443: 11441: 11437: 11431: 11428: 11426: 11423: 11421: 11418: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11408: 11406: 11403: 11402: 11400: 11396: 11393: 11391: 11387: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11369: 11368: 11366: 11362: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11350:Protasekretis 11348: 11346: 11343: 11341: 11338: 11336: 11333: 11331: 11328: 11326: 11323: 11321: 11318: 11316: 11313: 11312: 11310: 11306: 11300: 11297: 11295: 11292: 11290: 11287: 11285: 11282: 11280: 11277: 11276: 11274: 11270: 11264: 11261: 11257: 11254: 11253: 11252: 11249: 11245: 11242: 11240: 11237: 11235: 11232: 11231: 11230: 11227: 11226: 11223: 11220: 11216: 11212: 11205: 11201: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11176: 11172: 11170: 11167: 11165: 11162: 11160: 11157: 11155: 11152: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11139: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11105: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11090: 11088: 11085: 11084: 11082: 11074: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11060: 11058: 11055: 11052: 11048: 11044: 11040: 11036: 11032: 11028: 11024: 11021: 11020: 11019: 11016: 11012: 11009: 11008: 11007: 11004: 11003: 11001: 10995: 10990: 10984: 10981: 10979: 10978:Komnenian era 10976: 10974: 10971: 10969: 10966: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10950: 10948: 10942: 10937: 10931: 10928: 10923: 10919: 10918: 10917: 10916:Heraclian era 10914: 10912: 10911:Justinian era 10909: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10895: 10892: 10890: 10887: 10886: 10885: 10882: 10881: 10879: 10873: 10868: 10860: 10859: 10855: 10854: 10853: 10850: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10839: 10835: 10831: 10826: 10822: 10817: 10810: 10805: 10803: 10798: 10796: 10791: 10790: 10787: 10776: 10770: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10749: 10747: 10743: 10737: 10734: 10731: 10728: 10725: 10722: 10719: 10716: 10715: 10713: 10709: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10659: 10657: 10653: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10617: 10614: 10613: 10611: 10607: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10581: 10578: 10577: 10575: 10571: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10546: 10544: 10540: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10510: 10508: 10504: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10485: 10481: 10476: 10473: 10471: 10468: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10458: 10457: 10455: 10451: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10416: 10414: 10410: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10390: 10388: 10384: 10378: 10375: 10373: 10370: 10369: 10367: 10363: 10357: 10354: 10353: 10351: 10347: 10341: 10338: 10337: 10335: 10331: 10325: 10322: 10321: 10319: 10315: 10309: 10306: 10305: 10303: 10299: 10293: 10290: 10289: 10287: 10283: 10276: 10273: 10270: 10267: 10264: 10261: 10258: 10255: 10252: 10249: 10246: 10245:Andronikos IV 10243: 10241: 10239: 10235: 10233: 10231: 10227: 10224: 10221: 10218: 10215: 10212: 10209: 10206: 10205:Andronikos II 10203: 10200: 10197: 10196: 10193: 10189: 10185: 10177: 10172: 10170: 10165: 10163: 10158: 10157: 10154: 10145: 10136: 10135: 10131: 10124: 10118: 10113: 10112: 10108: 10101: 10100:Kantakouzenos 10095: 10092: 10089: 10085: 10073: 10072: 10068: 10061: 10055: 10051: 10048:Dissolution: 10045: 10039: 10034: 10032: 10025: 10011: 10007: 10003: 9992: 9988: 9984: 9974: 9970: 9966: 9956: 9952: 9948: 9938: 9934: 9933:"Palaiologou" 9930: 9920: 9916: 9915:"Palaiologos" 9912: 9902: 9898: 9894: 9883: 9879: 9874: 9873: 9861: 9857: 9853: 9849: 9845: 9841: 9837: 9833: 9829: 9825: 9817: 9813: 9812: 9806: 9802: 9798: 9794: 9788: 9784: 9780: 9776: 9771: 9767: 9765:3-7001-3003-1 9761: 9757: 9756: 9750: 9746: 9744:0-87169-127-2 9740: 9736: 9735: 9730: 9726: 9722: 9716: 9712: 9711: 9705: 9701: 9695: 9691: 9690: 9685: 9681: 9677: 9671: 9667: 9663: 9659: 9655: 9651: 9647: 9646: 9641: 9637: 9633: 9632: 9626: 9622: 9616: 9612: 9607: 9603: 9597: 9593: 9589: 9585: 9581: 9579:0-246-10559-3 9575: 9571: 9570: 9565: 9561: 9557: 9555:0-521-41456-3 9551: 9546: 9545: 9539: 9535: 9531: 9529:0-521-34157-4 9525: 9521: 9520: 9515: 9511: 9508:(2): 179–203. 9507: 9503: 9499: 9495: 9491: 9488:(4): 315–339. 9487: 9483: 9476: 9472: 9468: 9464: 9462:0-521-58510-4 9458: 9454: 9453: 9447: 9443: 9439: 9435: 9434: 9429: 9425: 9421: 9417: 9413: 9412: 9407: 9403: 9399: 9392: 9387: 9383: 9377: 9373: 9369: 9365: 9361: 9357: 9353: 9348: 9344: 9337: 9332: 9328: 9323: 9319: 9315: 9311: 9307: 9303: 9299: 9295: 9293:0-19-504652-8 9289: 9285: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9273:"Palaiologos" 9269: 9265: 9261: 9259:9780674061972 9255: 9251: 9250: 9244: 9240: 9234: 9230: 9226: 9221: 9217: 9213: 9209: 9205: 9200: 9196: 9192: 9188: 9182: 9178: 9173: 9169: 9165: 9161: 9156: 9152: 9146: 9142: 9141: 9135: 9131: 9129:0-88141-202-3 9125: 9121: 9116: 9112: 9108: 9104: 9103: 9098: 9094: 9090: 9084: 9080: 9079: 9073: 9069: 9068: 9063: 9059: 9055: 9053:0-472-08260-4 9049: 9045: 9044: 9039: 9035: 9031: 9025: 9021: 9020: 9015: 9011: 9007: 9002: 8998: 8994: 8987: 8982: 8978: 8974: 8970: 8963: 8958: 8954: 8948: 8944: 8943: 8937: 8933: 8927: 8923: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8900: 8896: 8889: 8884: 8880: 8873: 8869: 8865: 8861: 8859:9781108480710 8855: 8851: 8850: 8844: 8843: 8831: 8826: 8819: 8814: 8807: 8802: 8795: 8790: 8783: 8778: 8771: 8766: 8759: 8754: 8752: 8745:, p. 98. 8744: 8739: 8732: 8727: 8720: 8715: 8708: 8703: 8696: 8691: 8689: 8681: 8676: 8669: 8664: 8657: 8652: 8645: 8640: 8633: 8628: 8622:, p. 34. 8621: 8616: 8609: 8604: 8597: 8596:Marrocco 2001 8592: 8586:, p. 32. 8585: 8584:Marrocco 2001 8580: 8578: 8570: 8565: 8558: 8553: 8551: 8543: 8542:Babinger 1952 8538: 8531: 8526: 8519: 8514: 8512: 8504: 8499: 8492: 8487: 8480: 8475: 8468: 8463: 8461: 8459: 8451: 8446: 8444: 8436: 8431: 8424: 8419: 8412: 8407: 8400: 8395: 8393: 8385: 8380: 8373: 8368: 8361: 8356: 8350:, p. 63. 8349: 8344: 8338:, p. 47. 8337: 8332: 8326:, p. 44. 8325: 8320: 8314:, p. 42. 8313: 8308: 8302:, p. 15. 8301: 8296: 8290:, p. 36. 8289: 8284: 8278:, p. 38. 8277: 8272: 8266:, p. 35. 8265: 8260: 8253: 8248: 8241: 8236: 8230:, p. 61. 8229: 8224: 8222: 8214: 8209: 8207: 8199: 8194: 8187: 8182: 8175: 8170: 8163: 8158: 8151: 8146: 8140:, p. 41. 8139: 8134: 8127: 8122: 8115: 8110: 8108: 8106: 8098: 8093: 8091: 8089: 8087: 8085: 8083: 8081: 8079: 8072:, p. 56. 8071: 8066: 8064: 8062: 8054: 8049: 8042: 8037: 8030: 8025: 8023: 8021: 8019: 8011: 8006: 7999: 7994: 7987: 7982: 7975: 7970: 7963: 7958: 7951: 7946: 7944: 7936: 7931: 7924: 7919: 7912: 7907: 7900: 7895: 7893: 7885: 7880: 7873: 7868: 7861: 7856: 7849: 7844: 7837: 7832: 7825: 7820: 7813: 7812:Runciman 2009 7808: 7801: 7796: 7790:, p. 37. 7789: 7784: 7777: 7772: 7765: 7760: 7753: 7748: 7741: 7736: 7729: 7724: 7717: 7712: 7710: 7702: 7697: 7690: 7685: 7678: 7673: 7671: 7663: 7658: 7651: 7646: 7640:, p. 84. 7639: 7638:Runciman 2009 7634: 7627: 7622: 7620: 7612: 7607: 7600: 7595: 7588: 7583: 7576: 7571: 7569: 7561: 7556: 7554: 7546: 7541: 7539: 7531: 7526: 7519: 7514: 7508:, p. 36. 7507: 7502: 7495: 7490: 7484:, p. 18. 7483: 7478: 7476: 7468: 7463: 7456: 7451: 7449: 7441: 7436: 7429: 7424: 7417: 7412: 7406:, p. 71. 7405: 7400: 7398: 7391:, p. 35. 7390: 7385: 7378: 7373: 7371: 7363: 7358: 7356: 7348: 7343: 7337:, p. 17. 7336: 7331: 7324: 7319: 7312: 7307: 7300: 7295: 7288: 7283: 7276: 7271: 7269: 7267: 7265: 7263: 7261: 7259: 7257: 7255: 7253: 7251: 7249: 7247: 7245: 7243: 7235: 7234:Runciman 1965 7230: 7223: 7218: 7211: 7206: 7200:, p. 67. 7199: 7194: 7192: 7190: 7183:, p. 59. 7182: 7177: 7171:, p. 74. 7170: 7165: 7158: 7153: 7146: 7141: 7139: 7131: 7126: 7124: 7116: 7111: 7109: 7107: 7105: 7103: 7095: 7094:Runciman 2009 7090: 7088: 7083: 7070: 7066: 7060: 7054:cadet branch. 7053: 7047: 7038: 7034: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7015: 7002: 6998: 6994: 6993:Rurik dynasty 6988: 6981: 6975: 6968: 6962: 6949: 6942: 6938: 6932: 6925: 6921: 6917: 6909: 6905: 6897: 6893: 6885: 6881: 6875: 6868: 6864: 6858: 6851: 6847: 6843: 6839: 6835: 6831: 6827: 6815: 6811: 6807: 6803: 6799: 6789: 6785: 6782: 6781: 6774: 6755: 6679: 6676: 6668: 6666: 6665: 6660: 6652: 6650: 6563: 6558: 6556: 6550: 6548: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6529: 6520: 6511: 6498: 6497: 6484: 6471: 6470: 6460: 6459: 6447: 6446: 6432: 6423: 6422: 6417: 6414: 6406: 6404: 6384: 6382: 6362: 6360: 6359: 6354: 6344: 6342: 6304: 6302: 6255: 6252: 6222: 6220: 6218: 6210: 6208: 6206: 6202: 6200: 6199: 6176: 6146: 6144: 6140: 6132: 6130: 6112: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6096: 6094: 6092: 6090: 6088: 6086: 6085: 6074: 6073: 6063: 6054: 6053: 6043: 6034: 6033: 6023: 6014: 6013: 6000: 5991: 5990: 5980: 5979: 5969: 5968: 5963: 5960: 5944: 5942: 5926: 5924: 5916: 5914: 5906: 5904: 5888: 5886: 5878: 5876: 5874: 5868: 5866: 5865: 5860: 5814: 5812: 5786: 5784: 5772: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5756: 5754: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5736: 5724: 5715: 5714: 5697: 5696: 5695:Helena Dragaš 5686: 5674: 5673:Şehzade Halil 5665: 5664: 5650: 5649: 5644: 5641: 5633: 5631: 5623: 5621: 5601: 5599: 5591: 5589: 5569: 5567: 5566: 5561: 5531: 5529: 5515: 5513: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5485: 5470: 5425: 5411: 5409: 5400: 5398: 5328: 5323: 5321: 5315: 5313: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5294: 5293: 5280: 5267: 5254: 5241: 5240: 5226: 5225: 5212: 5211: 5198: 5197: 5180: 5175: 5172: 5164: 5162: 5138: 5136: 5124: 5122: 5120: 5114: 5112: 5104: 5102: 5101: 5094: 5058: 5056: 5048: 5046: 5038: 5032: 5030: 5022: 5020: 4995: 4992: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4964: 4962: 4961: 4946: 4938: 4936: 4928: 4920: 4918: 4910: 4908: 4893: 4888: 4886: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4865: 4864: 4854: 4853: 4830: 4829: 4828:Anna of Savoy 4815: 4814: 4796: 4795: 4783: 4782: 4781:Irene Asanina 4763: 4760: 4752: 4750: 4738: 4736: 4714: 4712: 4711: 4706: 4670: 4668: 4662: 4660: 4613: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4588: 4577: 4576: 4562: 4561: 4531: 4515: 4512: 4490: 4488: 4471: 4452: 4414: 4412: 4379: 4376: 4336: 4328: 4327: 4322: 4284: 4282: 4254: 4246: 4235: 4230: 4228: 4222: 4220: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4195: 4194: 4180: 4179: 4162: 4161: 4147: 4146: 4132: 4128: 4125: 4105: 4103: 4083: 4081: 4080: 4075: 4071: 4069: 4033: 4031: 4016: 4014: 3964: 3962: 3902: 3897: 3895: 3889: 3887: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3871: 3857: 3856: 3842: 3841: 3826: 3815: 3806: 3795: 3791: 3788: 3766: 3764: 3754: 3752: 3732: 3730: 3729: 3724: 3678: 3676: 3670: 3668: 3653: 3644: 3642: 3637: 3634: 3633: 3610: 3599: 3596: 3588: 3586: 3585: 3560: 3556: 3554: 3550: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3536: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3508: 3497: 3488: 3487:Irene Komnene 3475: 3472: 3464: 3462: 3454: 3452: 3451: 3446: 3438: 3436: 3428: 3426: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3356: 3332: 3331: 3307: 3304: 3296: 3294: 3286: 3284: 3283: 3278: 3262: 3260: 3211: 3209: 3165: 3137: 3135: 3065: 3060: 3058: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3026: 3014: 3005: 3004: 2987: 2973: 2970: 2962: 2960: 2952: 2950: 2942: 2940: 2920: 2918: 2910: 2908: 2907: 2888: 2880: 2878: 2862: 2860: 2838: 2836: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2802: 2800: 2799: 2794: 2778: 2776: 2772: 2770: 2719: 2714: 2712: 2706: 2704: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2674: 2665: 2664: 2647: 2646: 2636: 2635:Anna Doukaina 2625: 2621: 2618: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2596: 2594: 2593: 2574: 2566: 2564: 2550: 2546: 2544: 2538: 2536: 2519: 2517: 2474: 2455: 2451: 2449: 2385: 2383: 2378: 2377: 2339: 2317: 2314: 2278: 2276: 2275: 2270: 2234: 2232: 2211: 2201: 2199: 2198:Kantakouzenos 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2150: 2145: 2141: 2139: 2129: 2123: 2118: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2099: 2093: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2045:family cypher 2041: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2023: 2019: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1984: 1979: 1975: 1974:Spirito Santo 1971: 1965: 1964: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1931: 1928: 1924: 1923:elephantiasis 1920: 1916: 1908: 1904: 1895: 1893: 1892:Halil İnalcık 1889: 1885: 1881: 1876: 1867: 1863: 1860:Signature of 1858: 1849: 1845: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1830:Kantakouzenos 1826: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1779: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1768: 1762: 1755: 1751: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1731: 1730: 1727: 1723: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1702: 1701: 1696: 1692: 1689: 1684: 1683: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1653: 1651:, in England. 1650: 1646: 1645:Henry Clinton 1642: 1639: 1635: 1632: 1626: 1623:(d. 1670) in 1622: 1619:Tombstone of 1617: 1613: 1612: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1556: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1496:Palaios logos 1493: 1489: 1484: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1460: 1458: 1453: 1450: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1421: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1376: 1374: 1368: 1366: 1358: 1354: 1349: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1311: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1277: 1276: 1266: 1262: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1211: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1168: 1164: 1159: 1155: 1153: 1147: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1119: 1117: 1113: 1108: 1107: 1102: 1097: 1095: 1094:Helena Dragaš 1089: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1058: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1033: 1022: 1018: 1009: 1007: 1002: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 979: 976: 975:Ottoman Turks 972: 968: 964: 960: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 920: 916: 912: 911:Anna of Savoy 908: 900: 899:Kantakouzenoi 889: 885: 881: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 854: 850: 841: 839: 835: 832: 828: 824: 820: 817: 813: 809: 805: 800: 798: 794: 793: 788: 787: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 761: 759: 758: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 732: 717: 713: 703: 696:Imperial line 693: 691: 685: 683: 679: 678: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 650: 646: 640: 638: 637: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 603: 598: 594: 590: 586: 581: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 560:accompanying 559: 555: 552: 547: 543: 533: 532:Palaios logos 529: 525: 517: 513: 510: 505: 496: 494: 493:modern period 489: 484: 480: 475: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 452:Ottoman Turks 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 420: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 373: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 352: 348: 344: 334: 330: 311: 307: 300: 288:(matrilineal) 286: 283: 281: 278: 277: 276: 272: 255: 251: 244: 236: 233: 229: 224: 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 210: 209: 205: 192: 189: 184: 181: 172: 169: 168: 166: 162: 155: 147: 143: 135: 132: 128: 121: 113: 110: 106: 90: 86: 81: 77: 73: 70: 66: 61: 56: 51: 48: 44: 31: 19: 12877: 12763:Royal houses 12432: 12200:Hagia Sophia 12182:Thessalonica 12157:Hagia Sophia 12137:Chora Church 12075:Architecture 11952:Great Schism 11942:Paulicianism 11920:Miaphysitism 11775:Karabisianoi 11079:or territory 11039:Thessalonica 11023:Latin Empire 11018:Frankokratia 10993: 10953:Isaurian era 10940: 10871: 10856: 10852:Roman Empire 10842: 10257:Andronikos V 10236: 10228: 10199:Michael VIII 10183: 10130:Ruling House 10128: 10107:Ruling House 10105: 10078: 10067:Ruling House 10065: 10050:16th century 10044:11th century 10037: 10028: 10013:. Retrieved 10010:Genealogy.eu 10009: 9995:. Retrieved 9990: 9976:. Retrieved 9972: 9969:"Paleologos" 9958:. Retrieved 9954: 9940:. Retrieved 9936: 9922:. Retrieved 9918: 9904:. Retrieved 9900: 9886:. Retrieved 9884:(in Italian) 9881: 9843: 9815: 9810: 9782: 9778: 9753: 9733: 9709: 9688: 9665: 9644: 9630: 9610: 9591: 9568: 9543: 9518: 9505: 9501: 9485: 9481: 9451: 9432: 9410: 9397: 9371: 9368:Mango, Cyril 9359: 9355: 9342: 9326: 9309: 9305: 9302:Laiou, A. E. 9281: 9248: 9228: 9207: 9203: 9176: 9167: 9163: 9139: 9119: 9101: 9077: 9066: 9042: 9018: 9008:(in German). 9005: 8996: 8992: 8972: 8968: 8941: 8921: 8898: 8894: 8878: 8848: 8839:Bibliography 8830:Polemis 1968 8825: 8813: 8806:Vannier 1986 8801: 8794:Kazhdan 1991 8789: 8777: 8765: 8738: 8726: 8714: 8702: 8675: 8663: 8651: 8639: 8634:, p. 6. 8632:Maisano 1988 8627: 8615: 8610:, p. 4. 8608:Maisano 1988 8603: 8591: 8564: 8559:, p. 3. 8557:Maisano 1988 8537: 8530:Vryonis 1969 8525: 8498: 8486: 8474: 8467:Damiani 2012 8430: 8418: 8406: 8384:Brandow 1983 8379: 8367: 8355: 8343: 8331: 8319: 8307: 8295: 8283: 8271: 8259: 8247: 8240:Brandow 1983 8235: 8193: 8181: 8169: 8157: 8145: 8133: 8121: 8048: 8041:Cassano 2017 8036: 8005: 7993: 7981: 7969: 7957: 7930: 7918: 7906: 7879: 7867: 7855: 7843: 7831: 7819: 7807: 7795: 7783: 7771: 7759: 7747: 7735: 7723: 7696: 7684: 7657: 7645: 7633: 7606: 7594: 7582: 7525: 7513: 7501: 7489: 7469:, p. 4. 7462: 7435: 7423: 7411: 7384: 7342: 7330: 7323:Angelov 2019 7318: 7311:Vannier 1986 7306: 7299:Kazhdan 1991 7294: 7282: 7229: 7217: 7205: 7176: 7169:Jenkyns 2005 7164: 7152: 7145:Norwich 1995 7059: 7046: 7037: 6987: 6980:Tocco family 6974: 6961: 6948: 6931: 6874: 6857: 6788: 6779: 6778: 6494: 6467: 6456: 6443: 6419: 6070: 6050: 6030: 6010: 6005:1394/99–1448 5987: 5976: 5965: 5711: 5693: 5684: 5661: 5646: 5290: 5256:d. 1384/1401 5252: 5237: 5222: 5208: 5194: 4861: 4850: 4826: 4811: 4792: 4779: 4573: 4558: 4191: 4176: 4158: 4143: 3873:1225/30–1274 3853: 3838: 3804: 3630: 3520: 3495: 3486: 3378: 3361:1125–1167/68 3328: 3170:1133–1183/85 3041:Anna Komnene 3040: 3024: 3001: 2689:Zoe Doukaina 2688: 2661: 2643: 2634: 2374: 2179: 2154: 2134: 2120: 2094: 2066: 2048: 2030: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2007: 1993: 1990: 1981: 1978:Casalsottano 1973: 1966: 1963: 1944: 1933: 1930: 1912: 1871: 1846: 1827: 1802: 1790: 1780: 1771: 1765: 1758: 1747: 1729: 1722: 1711: 1708: 1698: 1691: 1685: 1682: 1655: 1652: 1641: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1611: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1594:Leo Allatius 1590: 1587: 1580: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1528: 1495: 1492:Vetus verbum 1491: 1485: 1461: 1454: 1448: 1445: 1410: 1377: 1369: 1362: 1314: 1306: 1299:Arms of the 1275: 1231: 1222: 1212: 1207:Pope Pius II 1172: 1148: 1144: 1104: 1098: 1090: 1059: 1055:Thessaloniki 1038: 1036: 1003: 980: 930:Stefan Dušan 918: 904: 858: 834: 819: 812:Hagia Sophia 808:Latin Empire 801: 790: 784: 762: 755: 730: 728: 689: 686: 675: 672:Michael VIII 656:Latin Empire 641: 636:kouropalates 634: 626: 600: 582: 566:Roman Empire 544:, a dubious 542:vetus verbum 541: 531: 521: 481:, ruled the 476: 440:Latin Empire 421: 374: 346: 342: 338:Παλαιολογίνα 329:Palaiologina 328: 305: 298: 296: 158:(Montferrat) 95:11th century 91:11th century 12883:Wittelsbach 12878:Palaiologos 12833:Nikephorian 12683:Megali Idea 12658:Byzantinism 12361:Agriculture 12152:Hagia Irene 11985:Kievan Rus' 11962:Mount Athos 11785:Cibyrrhaeot 11729:Vestiaritai 11584:Mercenaries 11461:Catepanates 11320:Sakellarios 11239:Family tree 11164:Mesopotamia 10983:Angelid era 10963:Amorian era 10702:Mesih Pasha 10277:(1449–1453) 10271:(1425–1448) 10265:(1391–1425) 10259:(1403–1407) 10247:(1376–1379) 10240:(1353–1357) 10232:(1347–1354) 10225:(1341–1391) 10219:(1328–1341) 10213:(1295–1320) 10207:(1282–1328) 10201:(1259–1282) 10184:Palaiologoi 10038:Palaiologos 9951:"Paleologo" 9869:Web sources 9195:j.ctt1npm19 8818:Varzos 1984 8228:Mallat 1990 8213:Finlay 1856 8138:Sainty 2018 8070:Mallat 1990 8010:Barker 2017 7998:Barker 2017 7974:Barker 2017 7899:Barker 2017 7800:Miller 1908 7764:Harris 2010 7752:Harris 2013 7728:Harris 1995 7716:Harris 2013 7701:Harris 1995 7689:Harris 1995 7677:Harris 2010 7650:Harris 2010 7611:Harris 2010 7599:Harris 2010 7587:Harris 2010 7404:Hackel 2001 7222:Harris 2013 7198:Foster 2015 7181:Mallat 1990 7130:Fermor 2010 6863:Asen family 6761: 1520 2338:John Doukas 2176:Family tree 1880:Mesih Pasha 1875:tax farming 1868:'s brothers 1746:(d. 1532), 1681:plantation. 1535:Palaiologou 1531:Palaiologos 1449:Palaiologos 1112:Turahan Bey 1106:casus belli 1078:Constantine 963:Peloponnese 631:Dyrrhachium 488:genealogies 377:Roman Italy 347:Palaeologue 343:Palaeologus 324:Παλαιολόγοι 315:Παλαιολόγος 306:Palaiologoi 130:Final ruler 36:Παλαιολόγος 33:Palaiologos 18:Palaiologou 12843:Macedonian 12808:Theodosian 12783:Antipatrid 12678:Third Rome 12604:University 12587:Philosophy 12577:Inventions 12440:Historians 12408:Literature 12391:Varangians 12233:San Vitale 12162:Hippodrome 12142:City Walls 12042:Mutilation 12037:Hexabiblos 11957:Bogomilism 11947:Iconoclasm 11817:Megas doux 11807:Greek fire 11790:Aegean Sea 11663:Kleisourai 11640:Excubitors 11630:Bucellarii 11482:Despotates 11451:Kleisourai 11390:Provincial 11234:Coronation 11208:Governance 10973:Doukid era 10906:Leonid era 10211:Michael IX 10138:1306–1533 10115:1383–1460 10075:1259–1453 10015:2020-06-18 9997:2020-06-17 9978:2020-06-18 9960:2020-06-18 9942:2020-06-18 9924:2020-06-18 9906:2020-06-18 9888:2020-06-17 9420:1106830090 9170:: 537–554. 9111:1011763434 8999:: 177–194. 8952:0806310049 8758:Nicol 1992 8743:Nicol 1992 8731:Nicol 1967 8719:Nicol 1967 8695:Nicol 1992 8656:Nicol 1967 8569:Nicol 1992 8503:Burke 2014 8491:Burke 2014 8479:Burke 2014 8450:Burke 2014 8435:Burke 2014 8423:Nicol 1974 8372:Nicol 1974 8150:Nicol 1997 8126:Burke 2014 8114:Burke 2014 8097:Nicol 1992 8029:Nicol 1992 7986:Laiou 1968 7950:Laiou 1968 7935:Laiou 1968 7923:Laiou 1968 7911:Laiou 1968 7884:Laiou 1968 7872:Laiou 1968 7860:Laiou 1968 7836:Nicol 1967 7776:Nicol 1992 7662:Nicol 1992 7626:Nicol 1992 7575:Nicol 1992 7560:Nicol 1992 7545:Nicol 1988 7530:Nicol 1988 7518:Nicol 1988 7506:Nicol 1992 7482:Nicol 1992 7467:Nicol 1992 7440:Mango 2002 7428:Mango 2002 7416:Nicol 1993 7389:Nicol 1993 7287:Nicol 1992 7210:Nicol 1974 7115:Nicol 1992 7079:References 6850:Abaqa Khan 6842:Nogai Khan 5738:d. 1376/77 4599:7 children 2001:Ostigliano 1948:Phanariots 1819:Cephalonia 1717:daughter, 1715:posthumous 1700:Charles II 1539:Paleologos 1516:Andronikos 1428:See also: 1407:Cephalonia 1330:Montferrat 1328:family of 1250:Bayezid II 786:megas doux 769:Kaykaus II 700:See also: 554:patricians 444:Bulgarians 430:through a 362:Their rule 253:Deposition 231:Traditions 164:Final head 12868:Courtenay 12823:Heraclian 12818:Justinian 12793:Ptolemaic 12788:Antigonid 12506:Octoechos 12386:Silk Road 11878:Hesychasm 11746:Paramonai 11693:Hetaireia 11625:Foederati 11514:Diplomacy 11509:Diplomats 11415:Provinces 11244:Empresses 11047:Trebizond 10843:Preceding 10269:John VIII 10263:Manuel II 9973:Forebears 9955:Forebears 9937:Forebears 9919:Forebears 9832:834784634 9801:575241198 9664:(2009) . 9594:. Knopf. 9442:457893641 9306:Byzantion 9040:(1994) . 9016:(2010) . 8707:Fine 1994 8620:Hall 2015 8411:Hall 2015 8399:Hall 2015 8360:Hall 2015 8348:Hall 2015 8336:Hall 2015 8324:Hall 2015 8312:Hall 2015 8300:Hall 2015 8288:Hall 2015 8276:Hall 2015 8264:Hall 2015 8252:Hall 2015 7788:Hall 2015 7157:Hall 2015 6848:(married 6836:(married 6534:1455–1512 6522:1453–1502 6513:1440–1505 6489:1421–1458 6473:1431–1473 6462:1442–1469 6449:1428–1458 6434:1418–1458 6425:1400–1407 6065:1409–1465 6045:1407–1470 6036:1405–1453 6025:1400–1428 5993:1392–1448 5971:1370–1408 5729:1355–1407 5717:1350–1425 5702:1372–1450 5679:1346–1362 5667:1348–1390 5652:1348–1385 5299:1327–1399 5285:1337–1370 5243:1332–1391 5228:1333–1396 5217:1315–1341 5203:1330–1396 5185:1281–1362 4832:1306–1365 4817:1297–1341 4798:1292–1383 4579:1278–1333 4564:1277–1320 4200:1274–1317 4182:1259–1332 4167:1260–1281 3862:1240–1303 3831:1218–1284 3337:1153–1211 3025:? Komnene 2992:1093–1166 2667:1048–1118 2652:1066–1138 2380:1006–1067 2049:sympilema 2013:(or just 1956:Wallachia 1936:Paleologu 1803:stratiote 1791:stratiote 1772:stratioti 1767:stratioti 1749:stratiote 1726:baptismal 1695:privateer 1671:Caribbean 1577:(d. 1636) 1553:children. 1543:Paleologo 1504:exarchate 1391:Charles V 1326:Aleramici 1215:Bessarion 1165:, son of 1141:1428–1460 1101:Mehmed II 1082:Demetrios 1043:Bayezid I 934:Macedonia 890:(center, 860:grandson 797:Nymphaion 605:) of the 546:etymology 509:Byzantine 466:with the 438:from the 422:In 1259, 372:in 1453. 12913:Category 12893:Zaccaria 12873:Laskaris 12863:Flanders 12853:Komnenos 12828:Isaurian 12798:Seleucid 12599:Scholars 12592:Rhetoric 12582:Medicine 12557:Learning 12456:Calendar 12333:Painters 12032:Basilika 11970:Bulgaria 11932:Arianism 11883:Hayhurum 11860:Religion 11822:Admirals 11741:Allagion 11673:Droungos 11579:Generals 11541:Military 11504:Treaties 11410:Dioceses 11229:Emperors 11142:Sardinia 11122:Dalmatia 11102:Bulgaria 11092:Anatolia 11051:Theodoro 11045: / 11041: / 11033: / 10251:John VII 10060:Laskaris 9731:(1978). 9686:(2018). 9642:(1965). 9566:(1993). 9540:(1992). 9516:(1988). 9496:(1974). 9473:(1967). 9408:(1908). 9398:Incontri 9370:(2002). 9362:: 55–64. 9318:44169311 9270:(1991). 9216:24244808 9099:(1959). 9064:(1856). 8870:(1952). 8782:Byzant 8 7012:See also 6769:d. young 2190:Komnenos 2170:Barbados 2166:Cornwall 2125:— 2115:Anthemus 2021:descent. 1960:Moldavia 1927:epilepsy 1759:Because 1705:A Coruña 1688:Theodore 1667:Barbados 1638:assassin 1625:Barbados 1610:descent. 1520:Theodora 1508:Lascarid 1418:Flaminio 1161:Seal of 1070:Murad II 1051:Mehmed I 1039:de facto 967:Theodore 938:Thessaly 915:John XIV 874:Bulgaria 831:Joseph I 792:despotes 744:Laskaris 585:Anatolia 512:Anatolia 417:Laskaris 401:Komnenos 393:Anatolia 349:, was a 12897:Damalas 12858:Angelos 12838:Amorian 12708:Outline 12653:Museums 12553:Science 12530:Slavery 12486:Gardens 12466:Cuisine 12398:Dynatoi 12366:Coinage 12353:Economy 12321:Mosaics 12284:Mystras 12225:Ravenna 12087:Secular 11975:Moravia 11724:Pronoia 11698:Akritai 11683:Tagmata 11658:Themata 11599:Revolts 11569:Battles 11477:Kephale 11446:Themata 11376:Mesazon 11218:Central 11154:Maghreb 11107:Corsica 11097:Armenia 11087:Albania 10830:History 10238:Matthew 10230:John VI 10186:of the 10132:of the 10109:of the 10069:of the 9860:1291294 9280:(ed.). 6924:Öljaitü 6741:(Issue) 6723:(Issue) 6695:(Issue) 6076:d. 1462 6056:d. 1470 6016:d. 1433 5982:d. 1440 5688:b. 1349 5466:(Issue) 5177:Sultan 4856:d. 1320 4841:d. 1320 4533:d. 1322 4523:(Issue) 3989:(Issue) 3972:(Issue) 3808:b. 1216 3510:d. 1203 3007:b. 1096 2476:d. 1077 2457:d. 1081 2341:d. 1088 2194:Angelos 2103:crusade 2005:Salerno 1840:in the 1795:Mystras 1669:in the 1488:Viterbo 1440:Viterbo 1399:Gonzaga 1272: 1261:Andreas 1257: 1183:Andreas 1028: 895: 816:blinded 723: 662:to the 528:Viterbo 507:Map of 407:to the 150:(Morea) 108:Founder 93: ( 88:Founded 68:Country 12848:Doukas 12813:Leonid 12778:Argead 12767:Greece 12718:Portal 12633:Impact 12513:People 12461:Cities 12311:Enamel 12092:Sacred 12027:Ecloga 11893:Saints 11802:Dromon 11678:Bandon 11668:Tourma 11651:Middle 11574:Beacon 11456:Bandon 11439:Middle 11308:Middle 11263:Senate 11186:Thrace 11169:Serbia 11147:Sicily 11132:Greece 11117:Cyprus 11035:Epirus 11031:Nicaea 10941:Middle 10818:topics 10223:John V 9858: 9830: 9818:] 9799: 9789: 9762: 9741: 9717: 9696: 9672: 9654:220712 9652: 9617: 9598: 9576: 9552: 9526: 9459: 9440: 9418: 9378: 9316: 9290: 9256: 9235: 9214: 9193: 9183: 9147: 9126: 9109: 9085: 9050: 9026: 8979:: 3–9. 8975:(16). 8949: 8928: 8856: 6844:) and 6832:) and 5269:?–1384 2204: 2186:Doukas 2138:martyr 2130:, 1798 2074:schism 2035:Legacy 1997:Perito 1983:comune 1815:Savona 1811:Novara 1807:Cranae 1787:Friuli 1761:Venice 1754:Venice 1675:cotton 1647:, the 1473:Naples 1469:Venice 1465:Pesaro 1359:family 1303:family 1193:, the 1187:Manuel 1175:Helena 1167:Thomas 1086:Thomas 950:Helena 942:Epirus 878:Serbia 740:Serres 736:Melnik 574:Phokas 570:Doukas 499:Origin 472:Papacy 381:Romans 207:Titles 186:(1566) 144:& 142:Thomas 83:Others 12703:Index 12535:Death 12525:Women 12496:Music 12476:Dress 12471:Dance 12416:Novel 12376:Trade 12371:Mints 12316:Glass 12306:Icons 12102:Domes 11980:Serbs 11795:Samos 11608:Early 11398:Early 11272:Early 11181:Syria 11159:Malta 11137:Italy 11127:Egypt 11112:Crete 11043:Morea 10872:Early 10773:Only 9856:JSTOR 9820:(PDF) 9814:[ 9781:[ 9478:(PDF) 9394:(PDF) 9339:(PDF) 9314:JSTOR 9276:. In 9212:JSTOR 9191:JSTOR 8989:(PDF) 8965:(PDF) 8891:(PDF) 8875:(PDF) 7029:Notes 6920:Toqta 6780:Notes 5179:Orhan 2078:Frank 1952:Fener 1915:Syros 1679:sugar 1481:Paris 1477:Milan 1386:, by 1203:Corfu 1152:harem 995:Genoa 959:Morea 551:Roman 448:Serbs 354:noble 333:Greek 310:Greek 266:1533 261:1460 256:1453 198:1694) 178:1520) 100:1259 12501:Lyra 12381:silk 11992:Jews 11767:Navy 11712:Late 11552:Army 11519:Wars 11470:Late 11364:Late 10994:Late 10182:The 9828:OCLC 9797:OCLC 9787:ISBN 9760:ISBN 9739:ISBN 9715:ISBN 9694:ISBN 9670:ISBN 9650:OCLC 9615:ISBN 9596:ISBN 9574:ISBN 9550:ISBN 9524:ISBN 9457:ISBN 9438:OCLC 9416:OCLC 9376:ISBN 9288:ISBN 9254:ISBN 9233:ISBN 9181:ISBN 9145:ISBN 9124:ISBN 9107:OCLC 9083:ISBN 9048:ISBN 9024:ISBN 8947:ISBN 8926:ISBN 8854:ISBN 4153:1302 1999:and 1958:and 1925:and 1882:and 1817:and 1518:and 1185:and 1137:and 1116:fell 1084:and 940:and 876:and 789:and 738:and 688:was 627:doux 602:doux 537:lit. 450:and 432:coup 405:fell 297:The 12765:of 12298:Art 12002:Law 10764:(?) 10732:(?) 10726:(?) 10720:(?) 9848:doi 8903:doi 7494:PLP 6758:fl. 4868:fl. 4149:d. 3369:fl. 2003:in 1677:or 1526:). 1179:Zoe 629:of 572:or 387:to 364:as 345:or 320:pl. 303:pl. 12915:: 10086:; 10029:— 10008:. 9989:. 9971:. 9953:. 9935:. 9917:. 9899:. 9880:. 9854:. 9826:. 9795:. 9506:15 9504:. 9500:. 9484:. 9480:. 9396:. 9358:. 9354:. 9341:. 9310:38 9308:. 9208:44 9206:. 9189:. 9168:61 9166:. 9162:. 8997:56 8995:. 8991:. 8967:. 8899:36 8897:. 8893:. 8877:. 8750:^ 8687:^ 8576:^ 8549:^ 8510:^ 8457:^ 8442:^ 8391:^ 8220:^ 8205:^ 8104:^ 8077:^ 8060:^ 8017:^ 7942:^ 7891:^ 7708:^ 7669:^ 7618:^ 7567:^ 7552:^ 7537:^ 7474:^ 7447:^ 7396:^ 7369:^ 7354:^ 7241:^ 7188:^ 7137:^ 7122:^ 7101:^ 7086:^ 6995:. 6954:c. 6912:c. 6900:c. 6888:c. 6852:). 6822:c. 6818:c. 6794:c. 6532:c. 6487:c. 6003:c. 5727:c. 5700:c. 5677:c. 5297:c. 5283:c. 5215:c. 5201:c. 5183:c. 4198:c. 4165:c. 4151:c. 3860:c. 3829:c. 3613:c. 3359:c. 3335:c. 3168:c. 3017:c. 2990:c. 2677:c. 2650:c. 2196:, 2192:, 2188:, 2113:, 1825:. 1479:, 1475:, 1270:r. 1255:r. 1181:, 1177:, 1026:r. 936:, 893:r. 825:, 721:r. 692:. 684:. 639:. 534:, 446:, 360:. 335:: 331:; 318:, 312:: 308:; 196:c. 176:c. 12899:) 12895:( 12755:e 12748:t 12741:v 11053:) 11049:– 11037:– 10924:" 10920:" 10808:e 10801:t 10794:v 10483:) 10477:( 10175:e 10168:t 10161:v 10090:) 10082:( 10033:— 10018:. 10000:. 9981:. 9963:. 9945:. 9927:. 9909:. 9891:. 9862:. 9850:: 9834:. 9803:. 9768:. 9747:. 9723:. 9702:. 9678:. 9656:. 9623:. 9604:. 9582:. 9558:. 9532:. 9486:8 9465:. 9444:. 9422:. 9384:. 9360:7 9320:. 9296:. 9262:. 9241:. 9218:. 9197:. 9153:. 9132:. 9113:. 9091:. 9056:. 9032:. 8973:3 8955:. 8934:. 8911:. 8905:: 8862:. 8784:. 8469:. 8200:. 8188:. 8176:. 8164:. 7457:. 7277:. 7147:. 7132:. 6943:. 6926:. 6910:( 6898:( 6886:( 6869:. 6816:( 2062:Γ 2059:Λ 2056:Α 2053:Π 2047:( 1989:. 1690:. 1267:( 1252:( 1023:( 901:. 833:. 718:( 301:( 194:( 174:( 97:) 20:)

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