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business and trade when trading with other
Venetians, but otherwise they were to use the scales and prices established by the King. In Acre, they were granted a quarter of the city, where every Venetian "may be as free as in Venice itself." In Tyre and Ascalon (though neither had yet been captured), they were granted one-third of the city and one-third of the surrounding countryside, possibly as many as 21 villages in the case of Tyre. These privileges were entirely free from taxation, but Venetian ships would be taxed if they were carrying pilgrims, and in this case the King would personally be entitled to one-third of the tax. For their help in the siege of Tyre, the Venetians were entitled to 300 "
80:
68:
238:" per year from the revenue of that city. They were permitted to use their own laws in civil suits between Venetians or in cases in which a Venetian was the defendant, but if a Venetian was the plaintiff the matter would be decided in the courts of the Kingdom. If a Venetian was shipwrecked or died in the kingdom, his property would be sent back to Venice rather than being confiscated by the King. Anyone living in the Venetian quarter in Acre or the Venetian districts in other cities would be subject to Venetian law.
35:
305:
rights by asking for the service of three
Venetian knights. The treaty seems to have been in force up to the fall of the kingdom in 1291, and the Venetian communes in Acre and Tyre were particularly powerful and influential in the 13th century after the kingdom lost Jerusalem and was reduced to a
233:
granted the
Venetians their own church, street, square, baths, market, scales, mill, and oven in every city controlled by the King of Jerusalem, except in Jerusalem itself, where their autonomy was more limited. In the other cities, they were permitted to use their own Venetian scales to conduct
180:, the only two cities on the coast still under Muslim control; the barons from the south of the Kingdom wanted to attack Ascalon, while those in the north preferred to direct the fleet against Tyre, which was larger and wealthier and a valuable port for enemy
196:
A treaty of alliance was established between
Jerusalem and the Venetians prior to the beginning of the siege of Tyre in February 1124 (the city capitulated to the crusaders later that year). The treaty was negotiated by
225:, and the Venetians themselves had been granted privileges in 1100 and 1110 in return for military assistance, but this treaty was far more extensive. The
314:. Instead, they conducted their affairs as if they controlled their own independent lordship — which, essentially, they did, thanks to the terms of the
285:. Aside from William and Pagan, no secular authorities witnessed the treaty, perhaps indicating that the Venetians considered Jerusalem a papal fief.
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city-states demanded and were granted similar commercial treaties by the King of
Jerusalem throughout the 12th and 13th centuries, notably the
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498:
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172:, governing Jerusalem in place of Baldwin II. It was agreed that the Venetian fleet would help the crusaders attack either
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337:, and were an important step in the commercial development of the Italian city-states that culminated in the
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form of his name). Earlier treaties had been negotiated between
Jerusalem and the Venetians and other
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254:
258:
518:
417:
122:
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the
Egyptian fleet off the coast of Syria and captured many ships. The Venetians then landed at
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533:
440:
A History of the
Crusades, Vol. II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100–1187
39:
The Near East in 1135. Muslim states are in greens, other colours indicate
Christian states.
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upon his release from captivity in 1125, although he refused to recognize the
Venetian
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352:, a contemporary, barely mentions the treaty at all. The text was also published in
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188:, "The matter came near resulting in a dangerous quarrel." Tyre was chosen by lot.
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333:. The communes established by these treaties were in a sense an early form of
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310:'s attempts to claim the Kingdom, and virtually ignored the authority of the
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The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem: European Colonialism in the Middle Ages
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Urkunden zur ältern Handels und Staatsgeschichte der Republik Venedig
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as fully autonomous entities within the Kingdom; he asserted his
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was a treaty of alliance established in 1123 between the
348:, who must have taken it from a surviving copy in Tyre;
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The text of the treaty is preserved in the chronicle of
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476:(trans. E.A. Babcock and A.C. Krey) (1943).
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16:1123 alliance between Venice and Jerusalem
360:by G.L.F. Tafel and G.M. Thomas in 1856.
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524:12th century in the Republic of Venice
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478:A History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea
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281:; William Buris; and the chancellor,
153:; the Doge completed a pilgrimage to
145:, set sail with a large fleet, which
504:Treaties of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
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499:Treaties of the Republic of Venice
458:. New York City: Alfred A. Knopf.
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529:1120s in the Kingdom of Jerusalem
245:was signed by Patriarch Warmund;
265:; Guildin, abbot of St. Mary of
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199:Warmund, Patriarch of Jerusalem
163:Warmund, Patriarch of Jerusalem
201:, and thus it is known as the
1:
306:coastal state. They resisted
184:further inland. According to
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341:in the following centuries.
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125:was taken prisoner by the
509:Economic history of Italy
482:Columbia University Press
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293:Baldwin II ratified the
418:Oxford University Press
273:; Aicard, prior of the
269:; Gerard, prior of the
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251:Archbishop of Caesarea
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212:
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157:, where he celebrated
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514:12th-century treaties
414:Crusader Institutions
289:Results of the treaty
452:Norwich, John Julius
335:European colonialism
308:Emperor Frederick II
107:Kingdom of Jerusalem
456:A History of Venice
350:Fulcher of Chartres
339:Italian Renaissance
277:; Arnold, Prior of
259:Bishop of Bethlehem
223:Italian city-states
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321:Other Italian and
255:Bishop of Nazareth
111:Republic of Venice
73:Warmund, Patriarch
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394:. Phoenix Press.
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541:
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465:978-0141-01383-1
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436:Runciman, Steven
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375:List of treaties
370:Venetian Crusade
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143:Domenico Michele
85:Domenico Michele
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474:William of Tyre
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346:William of Tyre
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263:Bishop of Lydda
236:Saracen besants
205:Pactum Warmundi
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186:William of Tyre
161:, and met with
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100:Pactum Warmundi
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25:Pactum Warmundi
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519:1123 in Europe
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410:Prawer, Joshua
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388:Prawer, Joshua
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275:Templum Domini
271:Holy Sepulchre
257:; Aschetinus,
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139:Doge of Venice
121:In 1123, King
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312:Lord of Tyre
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253:; Bernard,
60:Negotiators
493:Categories
279:Mount Sion
217:being the
165:, and the
123:Baldwin II
117:Background
438:(1994) .
390:(2001) .
323:Provençal
261:; Roger,
213:Warmundus
167:Constable
159:Christmas
155:Jerusalem
454:(1982).
446:edition.
412:(1980).
364:See also
299:communes
267:Josaphat
182:Damascus
147:defeated
131:Fatimids
127:Artuqids
109:and the
104:Crusader
381:Sources
327:Genoese
247:Ehremar
178:Ascalon
50: (
462:
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398:
331:Pisans
316:Pactum
303:feudal
295:Pactum
243:Pactum
229:Pactum
192:Treaty
137:. The
45:Signed
283:Pagan
219:Latin
135:Egypt
460:ISBN
422:ISBN
396:ISBN
329:and
241:The
174:Tyre
151:Acre
98:The
89:Doge
52:1123
48:1123
176:or
133:of
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249:,
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