105:
654:
234:
554:
150:
582:
498:
121:
526:
617:
471:
444:
381:). Orussids can be observed running around quickly on dead tree trunks. The females locate the host larvae living concealed inside wood by generating vibrations by tapping the tips of their antennae against the wood surface. The vibrations are picked up by the modified fore legs. After locating the host, the female drills into the wood with the very long
307:". The complete body is strongly sclerotized and bears a species-specific microstructure, which is relevant for species identification. The ovipositor is several times as long as the body, and at rest it extends inside the body from the abdomen to the prothorax, where it is coiled, and back towards the tip of the abdomen again.
297:
species bear white spots on the legs. The antennae of males are composed of 11, those of females of 10 articles. The modified distal antennal articles of females (article 9 enlarged, article 10 very small) are involved in vibrational sounding to detect suitable oviposition sites and the host larvae
1152:
Curtis, J. 1833: British
Entomology; being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of Insects found in Great Britain and Ireland: containing Coloured Figures from Nature of the most rare and beautiful species, and in many instances of the plants upon which they are found. London, published by
405:
Earlier, the
Orussidae were sometimes put into a separate suborder, Idiogastra, but today they are classified in their own superfamily, Orussoidea. Orussidae are demonstrably monophyletic. Tribes and subfamilies within the Orussidae have been abandoned, since such earlier subdivisions could not be
1685:
Stephens, J.F. 1835: Illustrations of
British Entomology; or, a Synopsis of Indigenous Insects: containing their generic and specific distinctions;with an account of their metamorphosis, times of appearance, localities, food, and economy, as far as practicable. Mandibulata. Baldwin & Cradock,
302:
and lack evident teeth. The number of palpomeres of the maxilla and the labium varies and is used as a taxonomic character. On the wings, some cross-veins are reduced in comparison with the more complete venation of other basal
Hymenoptera. Similar as in most other sawflies, the wings are held at
385:
and lays the egg. The egg is very elongate with a small expansion on the anterior end and a long expansion on the posterior end. The egg is coiled on the host. In some species the egg is possibly laid into the tunnel of the host if the host itself can not be reached, and the orussid larva itself
1510:
Basibuyuk, H.H., Quicke, D.L.J. & Rasnitsyn, A.P. 2000: A new genus of the
Orussidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from Late Cretaceous New Jersey amber. Pp. 305-311. In: Grimaldi, D. (ed.): Studies on Fossils in Amber, with Particular Reference to the Cretaceous of New Jersey. Leiden: Backhuys
1180:
Vilhelmsen, L., Isidoro, N., Romani, R., Basibuyuk, H.H. & Quicke, D.L.J. 2001: Host location and oviposition in a basal group of parasitic wasps: the subgenual organ, ovipositor apparatus and associated structures in the
Orussidae (Hymenoptera, Insecta). Zoomorphology 121:
1285:
Sharkey, M.J., Carpenter, J.M., Vilhelmsen, L., Heraty, J., Liljeblad, J., Dowling, A.P.G., Schulmeister, S., Murray, D., Deans, A.R., Ronquist, F., Krogmann, L., Wheeler, W.C. 2012: Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of
Hymenoptera. Cladistics 28: 80-112.
342:. Eyes and legs are reduced or completely absent. The mandibles are well developed and strongly sclerotized. Palps of maxilla and labium lack. The surface of the body is subdivided into distinct segments, each bearing a transverse row of 8−10 backward pointing spines.
1244:
Kraus, M. 1998: Die
Orussidae Europas und des Nahen Ostens (Hymenoptera: Orussidae). Pp. 283-300. In: Taeger, A. & Blank, S. M. (eds): Pflanzenwespen Deutschlands (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Kommentierte Bestandsaufnahme. Goecke & Evers,
1166:
Blank, S.M., Groll, E.K., Liston, A.D., Prous, M. & Taeger, A. 2012: ECatSym - Electronic World
Catalog of Symphyta (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Program version 4.0 beta, data version 39 (18. Dezember 2012). Digital Entomological Information,
736:
An identification key for the genera of the World was published by
Vilhemsen (2003). The following list summarizes the genera and species and their gross distribution together with indications on identification keys:
1254:
Vilhelmsen, L. & Turrisi, G.F. 2011: Per arborem ad astra: Morphological adaptations to exploiting the woody habitat in the early evolution of Hymenoptera. Arthropod Structure & Development 40: 2-20.
1644:
sp. n. and Notes on Other West Palaearctic Orussidae (Hymenoptera). Pp. 265-278. In: Blank, S. M.; Schmidt, S. & Taeger, A. (eds): Recent Sawfly Research: Synthesis and Prospects. Goecke & Evers,
1605:
386:
crawls to the host. On its way to the host it may gnaw through the wood shavings left by the host. It has been disputed whether this material contributes to the nutrition of the larva. At least in
268:
wasps, and the common ancestor of Orussidae + Apocrita evolved parasitism for the first time in course of the evolution of the Hymenoptera. They are also the only sawflies with carnivorous larvae.
1676:
Middlekauff, W.W. 1983: A Revision of the Sawfly Family Orussidae for North and Central America (Hymenoptera: Symphyta, Orussidae). University of California Publications in Entomology 101: 1-46.
1325:
Vilhelmsen, L. 2003: Phylogeny and classification of the Orussidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera), a basal parasitic wasp taxon. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 139: 337-418.
334:
Hymenoptera, larvae of Orussidae have reduced some morphological features as a result of their parasitic life style inside the tunnels of wood-boring insects. They are white,
1525:
Vilhelmsen, L., Blank, S.M., Costa, V.A., Alvarenga, T.M. & Smith, D.R. 2013: Phylogeny of the ophrynopine clade revisited: review of the parasitoid sawfly genera
1081:
in Darenth Wood and Devonshire around 1817. Morice (1904) recorded a more recent specimen taken at Hastings about 1880, but after re-examination this turned out to be
298:
living concealed inside wood. Contrary to other "Symphyta", the antennae insert near the lower edge of the compound eyes and close to the mandible. The mandibles are
1773:
Engel, M. S. 2008: An orussid wood wasp in amber from the Dominican Republic (Hymenoptera: Orussidae). Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 111(1/2): 39-44.
1276:
Vilhelmsen, L. 2001: Phylogeny and classification of the extant basal lineages of the Hymenoptera (Insecta). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 131: 393-442.
822:
314:
are the sole Hymenoptera in which the head bears a corona of erect teeth around the frontal ocelli. Contrary to Orussidae, the Stephanidae lack cenchri, and their
1444:
Schedl, W. 2011: Eine Orussidae aus dem baltischen Bernstein (Hymenoptera: Symphyta). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Entomologen 63: 33-36.
915:
1713:
Benson, R.B. 1943: Some reputed British sawflies not found since Stephens's days (Hym., Symphyta). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, Fourth Series 79(4): 5-7.
1602:
1121:
757:
981:
851:
837:
787:
2567:
1695:
Morice, F.D. 1904: Help-notes towards the determination of British Tenthredinidae, &c. (8). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, Second Series 40: 49-51.
1073:
390:, the larva lives externally for its first two instars and then enters the putrid(?) liquid in the dead host, where it remains until the adult emerges.
2612:
857:
777:
742:
2522:
2342:
2285:
402:, the wasps, bees, and ants. Accordingly, parasitic life style has not evolved first in Apocrita but in the common ancestor of Orussidae + Apocrita.
2577:
3439:
2472:
299:
2640:
2602:
2517:
2362:
989:
104:
3478:
2862:
2622:
2587:
2477:
923:
831:
803:
751:
3100:
975:
893:
816:
2645:
943:
909:
358:
and wasps are active during the hottest hours of the day. Therefore, they are rarely found by the entomologists specialized in sawflies.
885:
865:
845:
795:
765:
1486:
Vilhelmsen, L. 2007: The Phylogeny of Orussidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) Revisited. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 65: 111-118.
3413:
3452:
1823:
3457:
1572:(Hymenoptera: Orussidae) in California: diversity, distribution and phylogeny. Insect Systematics & Evolution 41: 3-27.
1498:
Rasnitsyn, A.P. 1977: Novye pereponchatokrylye iz jury i mela Azii. (In Russian). Paleontologicheskij Zhurnal (3): 98-108.
1734:"Taxonomic addition to the early diverged parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Orussoidea) from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber"
746:
Vilhelmsen & D.R. Smith, 2002: 2 species, Costa Rica and supposedly Mexico. Taxonomy: Vilhelmsen & Smith (2002).
3552:
881:
Vilhelmsen 2016 in French Guiana. Taxonomy: Vilhelmsen & Smith (2002), Vilhelmsen et al. (2013), Vilhelmsen (2016).
260:"). Currently, about 93 extant and four fossil species are known. They take a key position in phylogenetic analyses of
1193:
Rohwer, S.A. & Cushman, R.A. 1917: Idiogastra, a new suborder of Hymenoptera with notes on the immature stages of
1662:
1657:
Vilhelmsen, L., Blank S.M., Liu, Z.-W. & Smith, D.R. 2013: Discovery of new species confirms Oriental origin of
293:
are more or less metallic. Some species have a red thorax or abdomen and conspicuous white or golden pilosity. Many
3392:
1573:
3483:
3405:
1302:
Taeger, A., Blank, S.M. & Liston, A.D. 2010: World Catalog of Symphyta (Hymenoptera). Zootaxa 2580: 1-1064.
889:
Middlekauff, 1983: 4 species in California (USA). Taxonomy: Vilhelmsen & Smith (2002), Blank et al. (2010).
3465:
799:
Benson, 1935: 2 species in Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico and the USA. Taxonomy: Vilhelmsen & Smith (2002).
1733:
1553:
Middlekauff, 1985 (Hymenoptera, Orussidae) from French Guiana. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51: 171-185.
1722:
Benson, R.B. 1951: Hymenoptera, Symphyta. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects 6(2a): 1-49.
3335:
3322:
3340:
1035:
Blank, Vilhelmsen & D.R. Smith, 2010, all distributed in California. Taxonomy: Blank et al. (2010).
901:
Konow, 1897): 17 species in Japan, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea and in the
1337:"Simultaneous analysis of basal Hymenoptera (Insecta), introducing robust-choice sensitivity analysis"
149:
3493:
1816:
304:
398:
Numerous morphological and genetic studies indicate that the Orussidae form the sister taxon of the
3547:
3542:
1055:
Cresson, 1879 (western USA, in Canada from southern British Columbia eastward to Ottawa, Ontario),
1704:
Benson, R. B. 1935: The alien element in the British sawfly fauna. Ann. appl. Ent. 22(4): 754-768.
1597:
Blank, S. M. & Vilhelmsen, L. 2016: Two new parasitoid wasp species of the Australasian genus
1210:(Scopoli, 1763) (Hymenoptera, Orussidae). Brandenburgische Entomologische Nachrichten 2(1): 61-62.
653:
3519:
3275:
365:
of xylobiontic larvae of beetles or Hymenoptera, particularly of the larvae of jewel beetles (
3514:
3444:
1107:, the group containing Orussidae and its close relatives, are known from the Middle Jurassic
281:
The fully winged sawflies are 2−23 mm long. They are predominantly black but species of
3506:
3374:
1809:
1108:
1083:
1078:
233:
1111:
of Kazakhstan. The oldest known members of modern Orussidae are from the Late Cretaceous.
8:
3313:
1303:
351:
1785:
1588:
Benson (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Orussidae). Australian Journal of Entomology 41: 226-235.
1756:
808:
770:
144:
3501:
3361:
2705:
2537:
2220:
1760:
1628:
Riek (Hymenoptera: Symphyta, Orussidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 10: 113-118.
1353:
1336:
1291:
1464:
Konow, 1897 (Hymenoptera: Orussidae). Insect Systematics & Evolution 32: 361-380
1153:
the Author 10(part 109-120): tabs 434-481, 2 pages of text associated with each tab.
1067:
Ashmead, 1898 (western USA). Taxonomy: Middlekauff (1983), Vilhelmsen et al. (2013).
2958:
2890:
2690:
2247:
1998:
1748:
1348:
1287:
1256:
936:
932:
1477:, a new species of Orussidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) from Morocco. Zootaxa 880: 1-7
1432:
Konow (Hymenoptera: Orussidae). Insect Systematics & Evolution 33(4): 387-420.
3366:
3327:
2919:
2420:
2323:
2229:
1931:
1915:
1752:
1609:
1116:
466:
3470:
1661:
Latreille (Hymenoptera: Orussidae). Insect Systematic & Evolution 44: 1-41.
1369:
1137:
Basibuyuk, Quicke & Rasnitsyn, 2000 from the Late Cretaceous of New Jersey.
1006:
Twelve species of Orussidae are distributed in the United States and in Canada:
985:
Benson, 1935, in Malawi, South Africa and Zimbabwe. Taxonomy: Vilhelmsen (2003).
861:
Benson, 1936 in Greece and Turkey (not in Syria!). Taxonomy: Vilhelmsen (2001).,
553:
3400:
3387:
3115:
2867:
2740:
2655:
2617:
2507:
2497:
2492:
2428:
2367:
2298:
2257:
2237:
2197:
2168:
1963:
1801:
1601:(Hymenoptera: Orussidae). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 74(1): 83-103.
1554:
960:
335:
1260:
1041:(Cameron, 1883) in Texas. Taxonomy: Middlekauff (1983) (citing the species as
409:
The cladogram is based on Schulmeister 2003. The Orussoidea are sister to the
3536:
3298:
3232:
3196:
3188:
2872:
2695:
2675:
2635:
2607:
2267:
2242:
2205:
2184:
1990:
1538:
1077:(Scopoli, 1763) was recorded by Stephens (1835) upon two specimens caught by
1017:(Middlekauff) (Arizona, California). Taxonomy: Vilhelmsen & Smith (2002).
576:
493:
355:
62:
1404:
Vilhelmsen, L. & Smith, D.R. 2002: Revision of the 'ophrynopine' genera
581:
3258:
3219:
3120:
3082:
3065:
2831:
2794:
2786:
2680:
2670:
2660:
2572:
2542:
2438:
2410:
2390:
2372:
2210:
2053:
2045:
2003:
1876:
1126:
1088:
1001:
939:. Taxonomy: Schmidt & Vilhelmsen (2002)., Blank & Vilhelmsen (2016)
841:
Basibuyuk, Quicke & Rasnitsyn, 2000. Taxonomy: Basibuyuk et al. (2000).
378:
370:
339:
1798:
Complete World catalog of sawflies and horntails, including the Orussidae.
1584:
Schmidt, S. & Vilhelmsen, L. 2002: Revision of the Australasian genus
947:
Riek, 1955: 2 species in Australia. Taxonomy: Schmidt & Gibson (2001).
3426:
3307:
3105:
3087:
2992:
2971:
2945:
2857:
2844:
2776:
2768:
2758:
2750:
2592:
2582:
2562:
2512:
2502:
2462:
2405:
2382:
2357:
2347:
2313:
2262:
2024:
1947:
1833:
1537:
Konow (Hymenoptera: Orussidae). Invertebrate Systematics 27(4): 450-483.
994:
905:
realm. Taxonomy: Vilhelmsen & Smith (2002), Vilhelmsen et al. (2013).
420:
366:
311:
261:
201:
37:
1197:. Proceedings of the entomological Society of Washington 19(1-4): 89-98.
963:. Taxonomy: Vilhemsen (2003, species of the World), Blank et al. (2006,
350:
Orussid sawflies have been collected only rarely. Over the years, their
3353:
3227:
3211:
3203:
3192:
3184:
3163:
3110:
2987:
2979:
2937:
2911:
2839:
2719:
2685:
2597:
2557:
2547:
2532:
2395:
2277:
2252:
2176:
2140:
2016:
1939:
1104:
548:
497:
382:
362:
211:
82:
47:
3431:
1795:
1165:
338:, weakly sclerotized with a distinct head capsule. The mouthparts are
3180:
3176:
3130:
3095:
3021:
3013:
3000:
2950:
2924:
2882:
2852:
2732:
2727:
2700:
2665:
2650:
2552:
2527:
2482:
2454:
2400:
2352:
2308:
2303:
2290:
2066:
1864:
1852:
956:
928:
902:
782:
520:
434:
374:
181:
161:
87:
3418:
3269:
616:
525:
120:
3348:
3292:
3125:
2898:
2808:
2627:
2467:
2116:
2074:
2032:
1982:
1976:
1955:
1887:
1870:
636:
611:
470:
438:
410:
399:
331:
319:
315:
265:
257:
253:
77:
72:
57:
52:
42:
30:
1620:
Schmidt, S. & Gibson, G.A.P. 2001: A New Species of the Genus
3055:
2901:(paper wasps, potter wasps, pollen wasps, yellowjackets, hornets)
1923:
951:
92:
67:
3379:
1133:
Rasnitsyn, 1977 from the Late Cretaceous of Taimyr, Siberia und
361:
Only for few species the larval biology is known. Orussidae are
3171:
2487:
1858:
1846:
1732:
Jouault, Corentin; Perrichot, Vincent; Nel, André (June 2021).
791:
Benson, 1955 in Chile. Taxonomy: Vilhelmsen & Smith (2002).
443:
191:
171:
2330:
322:
are separated by a wasp waist, which is absent in Orussidae.
731:
3063:
1564:
1562:
835:
Basibuyuk, Quicke & Rasnitsyn, 2000: 1 fossil species,
648:
1568:
Blank, S.M. & Vilhelmsen, L. & Smith, D. R. 2010:
3147:
3042:
3034:
1232:(Fabricius) in New Zealand. Entomologist 90(1125): 35-36.
1206:
Burger, F. & Taeger, A. 1994: Aktuelle Nachweise von
644:
640:
354:
has been subject to strong fluctuations. The species are
1559:
1002:
Orussidae of the United States, Canada and Great Britain
919:(Philippi, 1783), in Chile. Taxonomy: Vilhelmsen (2003).
811:
species. Taxonomy: Vilhelmsen (2003), Vilhelmsen (2007).
773:
species. Taxonomy: Vilhelmsen (2001), Vilhelmsen (2005).
761:
Schedl, 2011 from Baltic amber. Taxonomy: Schedl (2011).
264:, because they form the sister taxon of the megadiverse
1636:
1634:
1456:
Vilhelmsen, L. 2001: Systematic revision of the genera
1521:
1519:
1517:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
873:(Westwood, 1874) in French Guiana, Brazil and Panama,
1653:
1651:
1578:
1452:
1450:
1631:
1506:
1504:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1248:
1176:
1174:
1731:
1591:
1514:
1383:
1189:
1187:
1672:
1670:
1648:
1447:
971:), Vilhelmsen et al. (2013, species of the World).
1614:
1501:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1265:
1171:
3534:
1831:
1494:
1492:
1334:
1184:
1667:
1640:Blank, S. M., Kraus, M. & Taeger, A. 2006:
1279:
1200:
1161:
1159:
1095:"to have occurred in Britain in former times."
1543:
1480:
1467:
1308:
1296:
1220:
1218:
1216:
997:. Taxonomy: Kraus (1998), Blank et al. (2006).
1817:
1489:
1440:
1438:
1679:
1156:
855:(Mocsáry, 1896) in Indonesia and Sri Lanka,
826:Rasnitsyn, 1977. Taxonomy: Rasnitsyn (1977).
1240:
1238:
1213:
1824:
1810:
1741:Proceedings of the Geologists' Association
1716:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1435:
1031:Blank, Vilhelmsen & D.R. Smith, 2010,
1023:Blank, Vilhelmsen & D.R. Smith, 2010,
119:
103:
1352:
1341:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
1228:(Ashmead) (Hym. Orussidae) a parasite of
1059:Westwood, 1835 (eastern USA and Canada),
732:Orussidae genera and species of the World
1367:
1235:
232:
1549:Vilhelmsen, L. (2016) A new species of
1063:Newman, 1838 (eastern USA and Canada),
406:corroborated in phylogenetic analyses.
345:
3535:
3274:
3273:
1805:
3494:22e2971b-d292-4312-ac75-be19ad1afb5b
3406:acdef911-cce0-4d38-8fbc-809680cec426
135:(Scopoli, 1763) and type species of
955:Latreille, 1797: 29 species in the
820:Rasnitsyn, 1977: 1 fossil species,
131:Fabricius, 1798, junior synonym of
13:
240:; Narew river near Pułtusk, Poland
14:
3564:
1788:Excellent photographs of several
1779:
1686:London 7: 1-312, tabs XXXV-XLVII.
1051:Middlekauff, 1983 (eastern USA),
1045:), Vilhelmsen & Smith (2002).
1354:10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00233.x
1292:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00366.x
993:Guiglia, 1954: 2 species in the
755:Schedl, 2011: 1 fossil species,
652:
615:
580:
552:
524:
496:
469:
442:
148:
35:
3003:(sapygid, or club-horned wasps)
1767:
1725:
1361:
1328:
1115:Engel, 2008 was described from
1146:
869:Middlekauff, 1985: 3 species,
393:
271:
1:
3222:(mason bees, leafcutter bees)
1140:
1753:10.1016/j.pgeola.2021.02.002
252:represent a small family of
7:
1013:(Cresson, 1879) (Florida),
927:Benson, 1938: 9 species in
303:rest with a device called "
10:
3569:
1098:
1091:). Benson (1951) supposed
551:(horntails or wood wasps)
3553:Neogene first appearances
3282:
3253:
3146:
3054:
3033:
3012:
2970:
2936:
2910:
2881:
2830:
2807:
2785:
2767:
2749:
2718:
2437:
2419:
2381:
2322:
2276:
2228:
2219:
2196:
2167:
2138:
2115:
2086:
2065:
2044:
2015:
1989:
1975:
1914:
1910:
1885:
1841:
1335:Schulmeister, S. (2003).
1261:10.1016/j.asd.2010.10.001
979:Benson, 1935: 1 species,
913:Benson, 1935: 1 species,
634:
605:
598:
574:
567:
546:
539:
518:
511:
491:
484:
464:
457:
432:
425:
330:Similar to the larvae of
325:
276:
145:Scientific classification
143:
127:
118:
111:
102:
23:
849:Konow, 1897: 2 species,
369:), long-horned beetles (
2006:(web-spinning sawflies)
1624:Riek and the Female of
3133:(thread-waisted wasps)
2961:(sierolomorphid wasps)
2893:(rhopalosomatid wasps)
2098:(parasitic wood wasps)
1131:Mesorussus taimyrensis
1103:The oldest members of
897:Konow, 1897 (synonym:
823:Mesorussus taimyrensis
241:
3515:Paleobiology Database
1475:Chalinus albitibialis
1473:Vilhelmsen, L. 2005:
1226:Guiglia schauinslandi
1224:Rawlings, G.B. 1957:
877:Vilhelmsen, 2013 and
388:Guiglia schauinslandi
236:
3401:Fauna Europaea (new)
1109:Karabastau Formation
1084:Xiphydria prolongata
1079:William Elford Leach
1043:Ophrynella nigricans
1039:Ophrynopus nigricans
1021:Ophrynon dominiqueae
916:Orussella dentifrons
346:Biology and behavior
250:parasitic wood wasps
1942:(cimbicid sawflies)
1122:Baltorussus velteni
1027:Middlekauff, 1983,
758:Baltorussus velteni
373:), and wood wasps (
2027:(cedar wood wasps)
1950:(conifer sawflies)
1608:2016-09-16 at the
1135:Minyorussus luzzii
1125:Schedl, 2011 from
1113:Ophrynopus peritus
1087:(Geoffroy, 1785) (
1071:In Great Britain,
982:Pedicrista hyalina
852:Mocsarya metallica
838:Minyorussus luzzii
788:Guiglia chiliensis
242:
3530:
3529:
3502:Open Tree of Life
3276:Taxon identifiers
3267:
3266:
3249:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3223:
3215:
3207:
3200:
3167:
3157:
3142:
3141:
3134:
3091:
3090:(cockroach wasps)
3076:
3046:
3025:
3004:
2996:
2983:
2962:
2959:Sierolomorphidae
2954:
2928:
2902:
2894:
2891:Rhopalosomatidae
2848:
2803:
2802:
2736:
2714:
2713:
2706:Trichogrammatidae
2631:
2568:Eutrichosomatidae
2538:Epichrysomallidae
2458:
2448:
2336:
2294:
2221:Proctotrupomorpha
2188:
2187:(ichneumon wasps)
2180:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2099:
2078:
2057:
2036:
2028:
2007:
1967:
1966:(common sawflies)
1959:
1958:(pergid sawflies)
1951:
1943:
1935:
1927:
1368:Schulmeister, S.
1208:Orussus abietinus
1074:Orussus abietinus
1011:Kulcania mexicana
728:
727:
719:
718:
710:
709:
701:
700:
692:
691:
683:
682:
674:
673:
665:
664:
238:Orussus abietinus
231:
230:
227:
139:Latreille, 1797.
129:Orussus coronatus
113:Orussus abietinus
3560:
3523:
3522:
3510:
3509:
3497:
3496:
3487:
3486:
3474:
3473:
3471:NBNSYS0000160592
3461:
3460:
3448:
3447:
3435:
3434:
3422:
3421:
3409:
3408:
3396:
3395:
3383:
3382:
3370:
3369:
3357:
3356:
3344:
3343:
3331:
3330:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3271:
3270:
3221:
3213:
3206:(plasterer bees)
3205:
3174:
3165:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3144:
3143:
3132:
3089:
3075:
3074:
3073:(sphecoid wasps)
3070:
3061:
3060:
3044:
3023:
3002:
2994:
2981:
2960:
2952:
2926:
2900:
2892:
2846:
2828:
2827:
2734:
2691:Tanaostigmatidae
2629:
2613:Melanosomellidae
2456:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2335:
2334:
2326:
2292:
2248:Neuroscelionidae
2226:
2225:
2186:
2178:
2165:
2164:
2136:
2135:
2097:
2076:
2055:
2034:
2026:
2005:
1999:Megalodontesidae
1965:
1957:
1949:
1941:
1933:
1932:Blasticotomidae
1926:(argid sawflies)
1925:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1803:
1802:
1774:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1738:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1674:
1665:
1655:
1646:
1638:
1629:
1618:
1612:
1595:
1589:
1582:
1576:
1566:
1557:
1547:
1541:
1523:
1512:
1508:
1499:
1496:
1487:
1484:
1478:
1471:
1465:
1460:Konow, 1897 and
1454:
1445:
1442:
1433:
1406:Argentophrynopus
1402:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1263:
1252:
1246:
1242:
1233:
1222:
1211:
1204:
1198:
1191:
1182:
1178:
1169:
1163:
1154:
1150:
995:West Palaearctic
937:Tanimbar Islands
933:Papua New Guinea
858:Mocsarya syriaca
807:Benson, 1955: 2
781:Benson, 1938: 7
743:Argentophrynopus
656:
619:
601:
600:
584:
570:
569:
556:
542:
541:
528:
523:(stem sawflies)
514:
513:
500:
487:
486:
473:
460:
459:
446:
428:
427:
417:
416:
225:
153:
152:
123:
107:
97:
34:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3557:
3548:Parasitic wasps
3543:Sawfly families
3533:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3518:
3513:
3505:
3500:
3492:
3490:
3482:
3477:
3469:
3464:
3456:
3451:
3443:
3438:
3430:
3425:
3417:
3412:
3404:
3399:
3391:
3386:
3378:
3373:
3365:
3360:
3352:
3347:
3339:
3334:
3326:
3321:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3278:
3268:
3263:
3237:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3138:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3050:
3029:
3024:(scoliid wasps)
3008:
2966:
2932:
2927:(tiphiid wasps)
2920:Bradynobaenidae
2906:
2877:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2799:
2781:
2763:
2745:
2710:
2523:Cynipencyrtidae
2445:(chalcid wasps)
2444:
2443:
2441:
2433:
2421:Mymarommatoidea
2415:
2377:
2343:Proctorenyxidae
2328:
2327:
2324:Proctotrupoidea
2318:
2286:Austrocynipidae
2272:
2230:Platygastroidea
2215:
2192:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2103:
2082:
2077:(stem sawflies)
2061:
2040:
2011:
1985:
1971:
1964:Tenthredinidae
1934:(fern sawflies)
1916:Tenthredinoidea
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1881:
1837:
1830:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1736:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1668:
1656:
1649:
1639:
1632:
1619:
1615:
1610:Wayback Machine
1596:
1592:
1583:
1579:
1567:
1560:
1548:
1544:
1524:
1515:
1509:
1502:
1497:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1472:
1468:
1455:
1448:
1443:
1436:
1403:
1384:
1374:
1372:
1366:
1362:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1309:
1301:
1297:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1266:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1236:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1201:
1192:
1185:
1179:
1172:
1164:
1157:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1117:Dominican Amber
1101:
1053:O. occidentalis
1049:Orussus minutus
1004:
961:Oriental realms
769:Konow, 1897: 9
734:
729:
720:
711:
702:
693:
684:
675:
666:
630:wasp waist
467:Tenthredinoidea
396:
348:
328:
279:
274:
224:
147:
98:
96:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
29:
28:
25:
17:
16:Family of wasps
12:
11:
5:
3566:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3511:
3498:
3488:
3475:
3462:
3449:
3436:
3423:
3410:
3397:
3388:Fauna Europaea
3384:
3371:
3358:
3345:
3332:
3319:
3304:
3288:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3217:
3209:
3201:
3197:stingless bees
3189:carpenter bees
3169:
3160:
3158:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3116:Pemphredonidae
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3085:
3079:
3077:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3039:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3018:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
2998:
2995:(spider wasps)
2990:
2985:
2976:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2956:
2953:(flower wasps)
2948:
2942:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2922:
2916:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2896:
2887:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2868:Sclerogibbidae
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2847:(cuckoo wasps)
2842:
2836:
2834:
2825:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2755:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2741:Gasteruptiidae
2738:
2735:(ensign wasps)
2730:
2724:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2656:Pelecinellidae
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2625:
2620:
2618:Metapelmatidae
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2578:Hetreulophidae
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2508:Chrysolampidae
2505:
2500:
2498:Chalcedectidae
2495:
2493:Cerocephalidae
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2451:
2449:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2429:Mymarommatidae
2425:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2368:Proctotrupidae
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2339:
2337:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2299:Diplolepididae
2296:
2288:
2282:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2258:Platygastridae
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2238:Geoscelionidae
2234:
2232:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2198:Ceraphronoidea
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2185:Ichneumonidae
2182:
2173:
2171:
2169:Ichneumonoidea
2162:
2133:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2092:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2071:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2050:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2030:
2021:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1961:
1953:
1945:
1937:
1929:
1920:
1918:
1905:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1829:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1793:
1781:
1780:External links
1778:
1776:
1775:
1766:
1747:(3): 324–331.
1724:
1715:
1706:
1697:
1688:
1678:
1666:
1647:
1642:Orussus smithi
1630:
1613:
1590:
1577:
1558:
1542:
1513:
1500:
1488:
1479:
1466:
1446:
1434:
1382:
1360:
1347:(2): 245–275.
1327:
1307:
1295:
1278:
1264:
1247:
1234:
1230:Sirex noctilio
1212:
1199:
1183:
1170:
1155:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1100:
1097:
1069:
1068:
1046:
1036:
1018:
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
986:
972:
948:
940:
920:
906:
890:
882:
862:
842:
827:
812:
800:
792:
785:species, plus
774:
762:
747:
733:
730:
726:
725:
722:
721:
717:
716:
713:
712:
708:
707:
704:
703:
699:
698:
695:
694:
690:
689:
686:
685:
681:
680:
677:
676:
672:
671:
668:
667:
663:
662:
659:
658:
633:
626:
625:
622:
621:
604:
599:
597:
591:
590:
587:
586:
579:(wood wasps)
573:
568:
566:
563:
562:
559:
558:
545:
540:
538:
535:
534:
531:
530:
517:
512:
510:
507:
506:
503:
502:
490:
485:
483:
480:
479:
476:
475:
463:
458:
456:
453:
452:
449:
448:
431:
426:
424:
423:, 250mya
415:
395:
392:
347:
344:
336:subcylindrical
327:
324:
310:Orussidae and
278:
275:
273:
270:
229:
228:
219:
215:
214:
209:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
141:
140:
125:
124:
116:
115:
109:
108:
100:
99:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3565:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3521:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3489:
3485:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3324:
3320:
3315:
3309:
3305:
3300:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3260:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3234:
3233:Stenotritidae
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3220:Megachilidae
3218:
3216:
3210:
3208:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3149:
3145:
3135:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2982:(velvet ants)
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2955:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2897:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2873:Scolebythidae
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2806:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2787:Trigonaloidea
2784:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2696:Tetracampidae
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2676:Signiphoridae
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2636:Neanastatidae
2634:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2608:Megastigmidae
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
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2499:
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2473:Baeomorphidae
2471:
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2300:
2297:
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2289:
2287:
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2281:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2268:Sparasionidae
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2243:Janzenellidae
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2206:Ceraphronidae
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2114:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2054:Xiphydriidae
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2046:Xiphydrioidea
2043:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2004:Pamphiliidae
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1991:Pamphilioidea
1988:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1954:
1952:
1946:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1930:
1928:
1922:
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1919:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1884:
1878:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1835:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1815:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1770:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1692:
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1673:
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1664:
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1600:
1594:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1563:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1529:Middlekauff,
1528:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1507:
1505:
1495:
1493:
1483:
1476:
1470:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1441:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1424:Middlekauff,
1423:
1420:Middlekauff,
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1371:
1364:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1241:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1209:
1203:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1177:
1175:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1066:
1065:O. thoracicus
1062:
1061:O. terminalis
1058:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1007:
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984:
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973:
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938:
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930:
926:
925:
921:
918:
917:
912:
911:
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904:
900:
896:
895:
891:
888:
887:
883:
880:
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872:
868:
867:
863:
860:
859:
854:
853:
848:
847:
843:
840:
839:
834:
833:
828:
825:
824:
819:
818:
813:
810:
806:
805:
801:
798:
797:
793:
790:
789:
784:
780:
779:
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772:
768:
767:
763:
760:
759:
754:
753:
748:
745:
744:
740:
739:
738:
724:
723:
715:
714:
706:
705:
697:
696:
688:
687:
679:
678:
670:
669:
661:
660:
657:
655:
650:
646:
642:
638:
632: 200mya
631:
628:
627:
624:
623:
620:
618:
613:
609:
603:
602:
596:
593:
592:
589:
588:
585:
583:
578:
577:Xiphydrioidea
572:
571:
565:
564:
561:
560:
557:
555:
550:
544:
543:
537:
536:
533:
532:
529:
527:
522:
516:
515:
509:
508:
505:
504:
501:
499:
495:
494:Pamphilioidea
489:
488:
482:
481:
478:
477:
474:
472:
468:
462:
461:
455:
454:
451:
450:
447:
445:
440:
436:
430:
429:
422:
419:
418:
414:
412:
407:
403:
401:
391:
389:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
359:
357:
356:thermophilous
353:
343:
341:
337:
333:
323:
321:
317:
313:
308:
306:
301:
300:orthognathous
296:
292:
288:
284:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
239:
235:
223:
220:
217:
216:
213:
210:
208:Superfamily:
207:
206:
203:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
151:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
117:
114:
110:
106:
101:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
32:
22:
19:
3283:
3259:Unicalcarida
3214:(sweat bees)
3166:(mason bees)
3121:Philanthidae
3088:Ampulicidae
3083:Ammoplanidae
3066:Spheciformes
3064:
2845:Chrysididae
2832:Chrysidoidea
2795:Trigonalidae
2769:Megalyroidea
2751:Stephanoidea
2681:Spalangiidae
2671:Pteromalidae
2661:Perilampidae
2641:Neodiparidae
2630:(fairyflies)
2603:Macromesidae
2573:Herbertiidae
2543:Eucharitidae
2518:Coelocybidae
2439:Chalcidoidea
2411:Monomachidae
2391:Austroniidae
2373:Vanhorniidae
2363:Peradeniidae
2293:(gall wasps)
2211:Megaspilidae
2139:
2095:
2087:
2056:(wood wasps)
2025:Anaxyelidae
1948:Diprionidae
1886:
1877:Holometabola
1875:Superorder:
1869:Infraclass:
1834:Hymenopteran
1789:
1769:
1744:
1740:
1727:
1718:
1709:
1700:
1691:
1681:
1663:Abstract/PDF
1658:
1641:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1598:
1593:
1585:
1580:
1569:
1550:
1545:
1539:Abstract/PDF
1534:
1530:
1526:
1482:
1474:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1373:. Retrieved
1363:
1344:
1340:
1330:
1298:
1281:
1250:
1229:
1225:
1207:
1202:
1194:
1148:
1134:
1130:
1127:Baltic Amber
1120:
1112:
1102:
1093:O. abietinus
1092:
1089:Xiphydriidae
1082:
1072:
1070:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1028:
1025:O. levigatus
1024:
1020:
1015:K. tomentosa
1014:
1010:
1005:
990:Pseudoryssus
988:
980:
974:
968:
965:O. abietinus
964:
950:
942:
922:
914:
908:
898:
892:
884:
878:
874:
871:O. amazonica
870:
864:
856:
850:
844:
836:
830:
821:
815:
802:
794:
786:
776:
764:
756:
750:
741:
735:
635:
629:
614:wood wasps)
607:
606:
594:
575:
547:
519:
492:
465:
433:
408:
404:
397:
387:
379:Xiphydriidae
371:Cerambycidae
360:
349:
340:hypognathous
329:
309:
294:
290:
286:
282:
280:
249:
245:
243:
237:
226:Newman, 1834
221:
136:
133:O. abietinus
132:
128:
112:
18:
3427:iNaturalist
3308:Wikispecies
3212:Halictidae
3204:Colletidae
3193:orchid bees
3185:cuckoo bees
3164:Andrenidae
3106:Crabronidae
3043:Formicidae
3035:Formicoidea
2993:Pompilidae
2980:Mutillidae
2972:Pompiloidea
2946:Chyphotidae
2863:Plumariidae
2858:Embolemidae
2777:Megalyridae
2759:Stephanidae
2623:Moranilidae
2593:Leucospidae
2588:Idioporidae
2583:Heydeniidae
2563:Eurytomidae
2513:Cleonymidae
2503:Chalcididae
2478:Boucekiidae
2463:Aphelinidae
2457:(fig wasps)
2406:Maamingidae
2383:Diaprioidea
2358:Pelecinidae
2348:Roproniidae
2314:Liopteridae
2263:Scelionidae
2179:(braconids)
2177:Braconidae
2035:(horntails)
1940:Cimbicidae
1626:O. depressa
1599:Orussobaius
1586:Orussobaius
1535:Stirocorsia
1430:Stirocorsia
1428:Konow, and
1375:28 November
1033:O. patricki
924:Orussobaius
899:Stirocorsia
875:O. eldorado
832:Minyorussus
804:Leptorussus
752:Baltorussus
421:Hymenoptera
394:Systematics
367:Buprestidae
363:parasitoids
312:Stephanidae
291:Orussobaius
272:Description
262:Hymenoptera
202:Hymenoptera
3537:Categories
3257:See also:
3228:Melittidae
3181:bumblebees
3177:honey bees
3148:Anthophila
3131:Sphecidae
3111:Mellinidae
3101:Bembicidae
3022:Scoliidae
3014:Scolioidea
3001:Sapygidae
2988:Myrmosidae
2951:Thynnidae
2938:Thynnoidea
2925:Tiphiidae
2912:Tiphioidea
2840:Bethylidae
2733:Evaniidae
2720:Evanioidea
2686:Systasidae
2628:Mymaridae
2598:Lyciscidae
2558:Eupelmidae
2548:Eulophidae
2533:Encyrtidae
2455:Agaonidae
2396:Diapriidae
2291:Cynipidae
2278:Cynipoidea
2253:Nixoniidae
2096:Orussidae
2088:Orussoidea
2033:Siricidae
2017:Siricoidea
1863:Subclass:
1853:Arthropoda
1533:Konow and
1531:Ophrynopus
1426:Ophrynopus
1370:"Symphyta"
1167:Müncheberg
1141:References
1105:Orussoidea
1029:O. martini
976:Pedicrista
894:Ophrynopus
817:Mesorussus
809:Afrotropic
783:Australian
771:Afrotropic
608:Orussoidea
595:parasitism
549:Siricoidea
441:-present)
383:ovipositor
212:Orussoidea
182:Arthropoda
3328:Orussidae
3314:Orussidae
3284:Orussidae
3096:Astatidae
2899:Vespidae
2883:Vespoidea
2853:Dryinidae
2728:Aulacidae
2701:Torymidae
2666:Pirenidae
2651:Ormyridae
2646:Ooderidae
2553:Eunotidae
2528:Diparidae
2483:Calesidae
2401:Ismaridae
2353:Heloridae
2309:Ibaliidae
2304:Figitidae
2075:Cephidae
2067:Cephoidea
1977:Xyeloidea
1956:Pergidae
1865:Pterygota
1845:Kingdom:
1761:234848669
1622:Orussonia
1408:gen. n.,
969:O. smithi
957:Holarctic
944:Orussonia
929:Australia
910:Orussella
903:Neotropic
612:parasitic
521:Cephoidea
435:Xyeloidea
375:Siricidae
352:abundance
332:apocritan
266:apocritan
246:Orussidae
222:Orussidae
168:Kingdom:
162:Eukaryota
24:Orussidae
3349:BugGuide
3293:Wikidata
3126:Psenidae
2468:Azotidae
1983:Xyelidae
1924:Argidae
1871:Neoptera
1851:Phylum:
1847:Animalia
1836:families
1792:species.
1790:Chalinus
1645:Keltern.
1606:Archived
1574:Abstract
1570:Ophrynon
1551:Ophrella
1527:Ophrella
1462:Mocsarya
1458:Chalinus
1422:Ophrynon
1418:Ophrella
1416:Benson,
1414:Kulcania
1412:Benson,
1304:Abstract
1245:Keltern.
1057:O. sayii
935:and the
886:Ophrynon
879:O. seagi
866:Ophrella
846:Mocsarya
796:Kulcania
766:Chalinus
637:Apocrita
439:Triassic
411:Apocrita
400:Apocrita
320:metasoma
316:mesosoma
287:Mocsarya
283:Chalinus
258:Symphyta
254:sawflies
218:Family:
178:Phylum:
172:Animalia
158:Domain:
33:-Present
31:Turonian
3380:2717183
3299:Q148072
3056:Apoidea
1859:Insecta
1857:Class:
1832:Extant
1796:ECatSym
1786:Waspweb
1659:Orussus
1410:Guiglia
1195:Oryssus
1099:Fossils
952:Orussus
778:Guiglia
305:cenchri
295:Orussus
248:or the
198:Order:
192:Insecta
188:Class:
137:Orussus
3520:216731
3491:NZOR:
3458:152853
3445:104668
3432:204682
3172:Apidae
3154:(bees)
3045:(ants)
2488:Ceidae
2331:s.str.
1759:
1181:63-84.
326:Larvae
277:Adults
3507:76559
3484:27528
3440:IRMNG
3393:11282
3354:13615
3341:82636
1757:S2CID
1737:(PDF)
1511:Publ.
649:wasps
3479:NCBI
3453:ITIS
3419:6044
3414:GBIF
3336:BOLD
1377:2016
967:and
959:and
645:bees
641:ants
318:and
289:and
244:The
38:PreꞒ
3466:NBN
3375:EoL
3367:DQZ
3362:CoL
3323:AFD
1749:doi
1745:132
1603:PDF
1555:PDF
1349:doi
1288:doi
1257:doi
651:)
3539::
3517::
3504::
3481::
3468::
3455::
3442::
3429::
3416::
3403::
3390::
3377::
3364::
3351::
3338::
3325::
3310::
3295::
3195:,
3191:,
3187:,
3183:,
3179:,
1755:.
1743:.
1739:.
1669:^
1650:^
1633:^
1561:^
1516:^
1503:^
1491:^
1449:^
1437:^
1385:^
1345:79
1343:.
1339:.
1310:^
1267:^
1237:^
1215:^
1186:^
1173:^
1158:^
1129:,
1119:,
931:,
647:,
643:,
413:.
377:,
285:,
256:("
88:Pg
3199:)
3175:(
2823:a
2821:t
2819:a
2817:e
2815:l
2813:u
2811:c
2809:A
2333:)
2329:(
2159:a
2157:c
2155:i
2153:t
2151:i
2149:s
2147:a
2145:r
2143:a
2141:P
2131:a
2129:t
2127:i
2125:r
2123:c
2121:o
2119:p
2117:A
1902:a
1900:t
1898:y
1896:h
1894:p
1892:m
1890:y
1888:S
1825:e
1818:t
1811:v
1763:.
1751::
1379:.
1357:.
1351::
1290::
1259::
829:†
814:†
749:†
639:(
610:(
437:(
93:N
83:K
78:J
73:T
68:P
63:C
58:D
53:S
48:O
43:Ꞓ
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_-_a_parasitic_wood_wasp_!_(10136426163)_(cropped).jpg)
