125:
152:
102:
388:
either extends freely or is retracted, and may be developed into a stinger for both defense and paralyzing prey. Larvae are legless and blind, and either feed inside a host (plant or animal) or in a nest cell provisioned by their mothers.
2253:
Branstetter, Michael G.; Danforth, Bryan N.; Pitts, James P.; Faircloth, Brant C.; Ward, Philip S.; Buffington, Matthew L.; Gates, Michael W.; Kula, Robert R.; Brady, Seán G. (2017).
526:
gives a condensed overview of the phylogeny, illustrated with major groups. The sawflies are paraphyletic as the
Apocrita evolved inside that group. The tree is not fully resolved.
2144:
Heraty, John; Ronquist, Fredrik; Carpenter, James M.; Hawks, David; Schulmeister, Susanne; Dowling, Ashley P.; Murray, Debra; Munro, James; Wheeler, Ward C. (2011).
2085:
Peters, Ralph S.; Krogmann, Lars; Mayer, Christoph; Donath, Alexander; Gunkel, Simon; Meusemann, Karen; Kozlov, Alexey; Podsiadlowski, Lars; Petersen, Malte (2017).
474:
hymenopterans. Among the nonparasitic and nonsocial
Aculeata, larvae are fed with captured prey (typically alive and paralyzed) or may be fed pollen and nectar. The
110:
4078:
3151:
3196:
3106:
2926:
2869:
1857:
1694:
3161:
427:
inside or on another insect (egg, larva or pupa) and their larvae grow and develop within or on that host. The host is nearly always killed. Many
3056:
2224:
3224:
3186:
3101:
2946:
1851:
3994:
3446:
3206:
3171:
3061:
1357:
544:
408:: the clade would contain the Aculeata. "Parasitica" is therefore a rankless grouping in many present classifications, if it appears at all.
3684:
470:. Groups within Aculeata include the familiar ants, bees, and various types of parasitic and predatory wasps; it also includes all of the
3229:
3968:
376:) rather than the "thorax" and "abdomen", respectively. The evolution of a constricted waist was an important adaption for the
2407:
2208:
2064:
3973:
2336:
522:
evolved once, and it is found today across most
Apocritan families, though it has been secondarily lost several times. The
4032:
364:. Therefore, it is general practice, when discussing the body of an apocritan in a technical sense, to refer to the
4040:
3934:
3999:
3947:
228:
3981:
2048:
415:. Most species are small, with the ovipositor adapted for piercing. In some hosts, the parasitoids induce
348:, and consists of many families. It contains the most advanced hymenopterans and is distinguished from
2304:"Simultaneous analysis of basal Hymenoptera (Insecta), introducing robust-choice sensitivity analysis"
2228:
4073:
4045:
4009:
2400:
151:
2026:
2376:
416:
373:
124:
4022:
3859:
4017:
2255:"Phylogenomic Insights into the Evolution of Stinging Wasps and the Origins of Ants and Bees"
3916:
2393:
2266:
2157:
2098:
8:
1813:
2270:
2161:
2102:
3897:
2200:
432:
325:
146:
4068:
3289:
3121:
2804:
2320:
2303:
2284:
2204:
2173:
2126:
2060:
1680:
1540:
600:
523:
264:
133:
506:
The
Apocrita contains a large number of families. Some traditional taxa such as the
380:
lifestyle of the ancestral apocritan, allowing more maneuverability of the female's
3542:
3474:
3274:
2831:
2582:
2315:
2274:
2196:
2165:
2116:
2106:
2052:
1795:
1662:
1504:
1464:
1255:
353:
2027:"Ueber die Gattung Oxybelus Latr. und die bei Berlin vorkommenden Arten derselben"
3503:
3004:
2907:
2813:
2515:
2499:
1833:
1777:
1763:
1458:
1290:
694:
635:
511:
463:
411:
Parasitica comprises the majority of hymenopteran insects, its members living as
294:
289:
284:
3986:
2340:
2169:
3942:
3929:
3699:
3451:
3324:
3239:
3201:
3091:
3081:
3076:
3012:
2951:
2882:
2841:
2821:
2781:
2752:
2547:
2385:
2145:
1986:
1970:
1962:
1919:
1863:
1807:
1783:
1769:
1363:
1280:
1202:
579:
564:
428:
259:
249:
2279:
2254:
2111:
2086:
4062:
3816:
3780:
3772:
3456:
3279:
3259:
3219:
3191:
2851:
2826:
2789:
2768:
2574:
1982:
1925:
1899:
1825:
1789:
1668:
1656:
1369:
1303:
1259:
1240:
1220:
814:
424:
420:
301:
115:
59:
419:
prematurely, and in others it is prolonged. There are even species that are
3882:
3842:
3803:
3704:
3666:
3649:
3415:
3378:
3370:
3264:
3254:
3244:
3156:
3126:
3022:
2994:
2974:
2956:
2794:
2637:
2629:
2587:
2460:
2288:
2177:
2130:
1995:
1931:
1911:
1905:
1885:
1875:
1755:
1737:
1644:
1638:
1608:
1586:
1573:
1546:
1530:
1322:
1286:
839:
783:
657:
515:
455:
405:
306:
274:
244:
213:
3955:
3908:
3891:
3689:
3671:
3576:
3555:
3529:
3441:
3428:
3360:
3352:
3342:
3334:
3176:
3166:
3146:
3096:
3086:
3046:
2989:
2966:
2941:
2931:
2897:
2846:
2608:
2531:
2417:
2001:
1955:
1891:
1869:
1845:
1819:
1749:
1731:
1723:
1615:
1604:
1569:
1563:
1526:
1518:
1484:
1423:
1396:
1377:
1351:
1338:
1334:
1266:
1198:
1055:
1017:
991:
891:
679:
475:
436:
412:
333:
279:
203:
101:
34:
360:; the first abdominal segment is fused to the thorax, and is called the
3811:
3795:
3787:
3776:
3768:
3747:
3694:
3571:
3563:
3521:
3495:
3423:
3303:
3269:
3181:
3141:
3131:
3116:
2979:
2861:
2836:
2760:
2724:
2600:
2523:
2121:
1976:
1939:
1801:
1743:
1688:
1650:
1598:
1592:
1580:
1514:
1478:
1452:
1419:
1413:
1406:
1402:
1328:
1297:
1273:
1251:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1209:
1071:
969:
929:
914:
768:
613:
519:
507:
479:
459:
393:
385:
381:
377:
269:
254:
79:
44:
3960:
2365:
3764:
3760:
3714:
3679:
3605:
3597:
3584:
3534:
3508:
3466:
3436:
3316:
3311:
3284:
3249:
3234:
3136:
3111:
3066:
3038:
2984:
2936:
2892:
2887:
2874:
2679:
2671:
2650:
2448:
2436:
1951:
1945:
1839:
1717:
1711:
1704:
1700:
1674:
1632:
1621:
1552:
1498:
1490:
1470:
1444:
1438:
1430:
1345:
1313:
1309:
1039:
861:
440:
404:
whose name is in standard use. "Parasitica" is not a clade, as it is
361:
183:
163:
84:
3853:
3876:
3709:
3482:
3392:
3211:
3051:
2658:
2616:
2566:
2560:
2539:
2471:
2454:
2371:
1625:
1556:
1510:
1244:
1181:
826:
471:
397:
369:
365:
311:
138:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
3639:
3485:(paper wasps, potter wasps, pollen wasps, yellowjackets, hornets)
2507:
2252:
1187:
1004:
357:
89:
64:
3921:
423:, or parasitoids on other parasitoids. The Parasitica lay their
3755:
3071:
2442:
2430:
1522:
1216:
491:
487:
483:
448:
349:
329:
193:
173:
2914:
495:
467:
401:
2143:
3647:
337:
3731:
3626:
3618:
2248:
2246:
2084:
1387:
1383:
1191:
444:
345:
341:
2184:
458:
group that includes those species in which the female's
2366:
Suborder
Apocrita – Ants, Bees and Wasps – BugGuide.Net
2243:
392:
Apocrita has historically been split into two groups,
356:) formed between the first two segments of the actual
501:
16:
Suborder of insects containing wasps, bees, and ants
2031:Zeitschrift für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften
4060:
2415:
2301:
2191:Sullivan, Daniel J. (2009). "Hyperparasitism".
2018:
529:Cladogram of Apocrita after Peters et al.(2017)
514:) have been found on molecular analysis to be
2401:
2146:"Evolution of the hymenopteran megaradiation"
2047:
4079:Taxa named by Carl Eduard Adolph Gerstaecker
2059:. Cambridge University Press. p. 414.
2024:
2408:
2394:
894:(velvet ants, spider wasps and relatives)
123:
100:
2319:
2308:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
2278:
2120:
2110:
2087:"Evolutionary History of the Hymenoptera"
2334:
2227:. University of Maryland. Archived from
2190:
2080:
2078:
2076:
4061:
3858:
3857:
2389:
2150:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2137:
2073:
4010:b88b5fed-94b7-43c7-b999-f6625bdb8012
3948:e182a44b-b56e-4790-81ae-e688a979306c
2379:— "entomological walks" with images
13:
2201:10.1016/b978-0-12-374144-8.00138-7
14:
4090:
2359:
864:(potter, honey and social wasps)
502:Extant families and superfamilies
435:agents to control pests, such as
2321:10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00233.x
2225:"Parasitoid Wasps (Hymenoptera)"
478:Aculeata feed their young prey (
150:
32:
3587:(sapygid, or club-horned wasps)
1628:) – the smallest of all insects
2368:— images and other information
2328:
2295:
2217:
2195:. Elsevier. pp. 486–488.
2041:
1269:(sand wasps, bee wolves, etc.)
1:
3806:(mason bees, leafcutter bees)
2011:
510:(containing many families of
2025:Gerstaecker, C.E.A. (1867).
498:, or nonviable eggs (ants).
7:
2170:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.04.003
10:
4095:
494:(bees), or perhaps seeds,
3866:
3837:
3730:
3638:
3617:
3596:
3554:
3520:
3494:
3465:
3414:
3391:
3369:
3351:
3333:
3302:
3021:
3003:
2965:
2906:
2860:
2812:
2803:
2780:
2751:
2722:
2699:
2670:
2649:
2628:
2599:
2573:
2559:
2498:
2494:
2469:
2425:
2302:Schulmeister, S. (2003).
2280:10.1016/j.cub.2017.03.027
2112:10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.027
1069:
1052:
1037:
1030:
1015:
1008:
989:
982:
967:
960:
927:
912:
905:
889:
882:
875:
859:
852:
837:
830:
812:
805:
781:
766:
759:
752:
692:
677:
670:
655:
648:
633:
626:
611:
604:
577:
562:
555:
548:
538:
241:
236:
147:Scientific classification
145:
131:
122:
108:
99:
23:
2057:Evolution of the Insects
2590:(web-spinning sawflies)
2193:Encyclopedia of Insects
429:parasitic hymenopterans
352:by the narrow "waist" (
3717:(thread-waisted wasps)
3545:(sierolomorphid wasps)
3477:(rhopalosomatid wasps)
2682:(parasitic wood wasps)
2377:Balades Entomologiques
4018:Paleobiology Database
441:true bugs and hoppers
30:Early Jurassic–Recent
3943:Fauna Europaea (new)
1194:and sphecoid wasps)
111:Seleucus cuneiformis
2526:(cimbicid sawflies)
2271:2017CBio...27.1019B
2162:2011MolPE..60...73H
2103:2017CBio...27.1013P
1814:Proterosceliopsidae
462:is modified into a
2611:(cedar wood wasps)
2534:(conifer sawflies)
1177:Suborder Apocrita
433:biological control
4056:
4055:
3860:Taxon identifiers
3851:
3850:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3807:
3799:
3791:
3784:
3751:
3741:
3726:
3725:
3718:
3675:
3674:(cockroach wasps)
3660:
3630:
3609:
3588:
3580:
3567:
3546:
3543:Sierolomorphidae
3538:
3512:
3486:
3478:
3475:Rhopalosomatidae
3432:
3387:
3386:
3320:
3298:
3297:
3290:Trichogrammatidae
3215:
3152:Eutrichosomatidae
3122:Epichrysomallidae
3042:
3032:
2920:
2878:
2805:Proctotrupomorpha
2772:
2771:(ichneumon wasps)
2764:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2683:
2662:
2641:
2620:
2612:
2591:
2551:
2550:(common sawflies)
2543:
2542:(pergid sawflies)
2535:
2527:
2519:
2511:
2335:Schulmeister, S.
2231:on 27 August 2016
2210:978-0-12-374144-8
2066:978-0-521-82149-0
2053:Engel, Michael S.
1681:Trichogrammatidae
1541:Proctotrupomorpha
1291:leaf-cutting bees
1256:yellow-faced bees
1173:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1154:
1146:
1145:
1137:
1136:
1128:
1127:
1119:
1118:
1110:
1109:
1101:
1100:
1092:
1091:
1083:
1082:
1058:" (digger wasps)
949:
948:
940:
939:
794:
793:
741:
740:
732:
731:
723:
722:
714:
713:
705:
704:
601:Proctotrupomorpha
590:
589:
524:phylogenetic tree
319:
318:
265:Proctotrupomorpha
232:
134:Vespula germanica
4086:
4074:Insect suborders
4049:
4048:
4036:
4035:
4026:
4025:
4013:
4012:
4003:
4002:
3990:
3989:
3987:NBNSYS0100001616
3977:
3976:
3964:
3963:
3951:
3950:
3938:
3937:
3925:
3924:
3912:
3911:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3855:
3854:
3805:
3797:
3790:(plasterer bees)
3789:
3758:
3749:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3728:
3727:
3716:
3673:
3659:
3658:
3657:(sphecoid wasps)
3654:
3645:
3644:
3628:
3607:
3586:
3578:
3565:
3544:
3536:
3510:
3484:
3476:
3430:
3412:
3411:
3318:
3275:Tanaostigmatidae
3213:
3197:Melanosomellidae
3040:
3031:
3030:
3026:
2919:
2918:
2910:
2876:
2832:Neuroscelionidae
2810:
2809:
2770:
2762:
2749:
2748:
2720:
2719:
2681:
2660:
2639:
2618:
2610:
2589:
2583:Megalodontesidae
2549:
2541:
2533:
2525:
2517:
2516:Blasticotomidae
2510:(argid sawflies)
2509:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2339:. Archived from
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2282:
2265:(7): 1019–1025.
2250:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2124:
2114:
2097:(7): 1013–1018.
2082:
2071:
2070:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2022:
1796:Neuroscelionidae
1663:Tanaostigmatidae
1505:Rhopalosomatidae
1465:Sierolomorphidae
1033:
1032:
1011:
1010:
985:
984:
963:
962:
908:
907:
885:
884:
878:
877:
855:
854:
833:
832:
808:
807:
762:
761:
755:
754:
673:
672:
651:
650:
629:
628:
607:
606:
558:
557:
551:
550:
541:
540:
533:
532:
512:parasitoid wasps
400:. Aculeata is a
227:
155:
154:
127:
104:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
4094:
4093:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4044:
4039:
4031:
4029:
4021:
4016:
4008:
4006:
3998:
3993:
3985:
3980:
3972:
3967:
3959:
3954:
3946:
3941:
3933:
3928:
3920:
3915:
3907:
3905:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3862:
3852:
3847:
3821:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3722:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3634:
3613:
3608:(scoliid wasps)
3592:
3550:
3516:
3511:(tiphiid wasps)
3504:Bradynobaenidae
3490:
3461:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3383:
3365:
3347:
3329:
3294:
3107:Cynipencyrtidae
3029:(chalcid wasps)
3028:
3027:
3025:
3017:
3005:Mymarommatoidea
2999:
2961:
2927:Proctorenyxidae
2912:
2911:
2908:Proctotrupoidea
2902:
2870:Austrocynipidae
2856:
2814:Platygastroidea
2799:
2776:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2687:
2666:
2661:(stem sawflies)
2645:
2624:
2595:
2569:
2555:
2548:Tenthredinidae
2518:(fern sawflies)
2500:Tenthredinoidea
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2465:
2421:
2414:
2380:
2362:
2357:
2356:
2346:
2344:
2343:on 21 June 2010
2333:
2329:
2300:
2296:
2259:Current Biology
2251:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2211:
2189:
2185:
2142:
2138:
2091:Current Biology
2083:
2074:
2067:
2049:Grimaldi, David
2046:
2042:
2023:
2019:
2014:
1987:ichneumon wasps
1858:Proctorenyxidae
1834:Proctotrupoidea
1778:Platygastroidea
1764:Mymarommatoidea
1695:Austrocynipidae
1459:Bradynobaenidae
1203:cockroach wasps
1174:
1165:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1129:
1120:
1111:
1102:
1093:
1084:
950:
941:
795:
742:
733:
724:
715:
706:
695:Proctotrupoidea
636:Platygastroidea
591:
504:
295:Mymarommatoidea
290:Platygastroidea
285:Proctotrupoidea
226:
149:
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4092:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4037:
4027:
4014:
4004:
3991:
3978:
3965:
3952:
3939:
3930:Fauna Europaea
3926:
3913:
3903:
3888:
3872:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3849:
3848:
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3827:
3826:
3823:
3822:
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3814:
3809:
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3793:
3785:
3781:stingless bees
3773:carpenter bees
3753:
3744:
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3724:
3723:
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3707:
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3700:Pemphredonidae
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3615:
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3594:
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3582:
3579:(spider wasps)
3574:
3569:
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3548:
3540:
3537:(flower wasps)
3532:
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3498:
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3491:
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3452:Sclerogibbidae
3449:
3444:
3439:
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3431:(cuckoo wasps)
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3328:
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3325:Gasteruptiidae
3322:
3319:(ensign wasps)
3314:
3308:
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3300:
3299:
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3295:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
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3262:
3257:
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3247:
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3240:Pelecinellidae
3237:
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3217:
3209:
3204:
3202:Metapelmatidae
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
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3162:Hetreulophidae
3159:
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3144:
3139:
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3114:
3109:
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3092:Chrysolampidae
3089:
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3079:
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3074:
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3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
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2880:
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2822:Geoscelionidae
2818:
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2798:
2797:
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2782:Ceraphronoidea
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2769:Ichneumonidae
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2360:External links
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2314:(2): 245–275.
2294:
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2209:
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1306:
1300:
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1281:Heterogynaidae
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1270:
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1260:plasterer bees
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1241:stingless bees
1221:carpenter bees
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454:Aculeata is a
421:hyperparasites
336:. It includes
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260:Ichneumonoidea
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3817:Stenotritidae
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3804:Megachilidae
3802:
3800:
3794:
3792:
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3457:Scolebythidae
3455:
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3408:
3390:
3380:
3377:
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3371:Trigonaloidea
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3280:Tetracampidae
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1596:
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1370:Scolebythidae
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1361:
1359:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1304:Stenotritidae
1301:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1212:(mining bees)
1211:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1160:
1159:
1151:
1150:
1142:
1141:
1133:
1132:
1124:
1123:
1115:
1114:
1106:
1105:
1097:
1096:
1088:
1087:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
995:
993:
987:
986:
980:
979:
976:
975:
972:
971:
965:
964:
958:
957:
954:
953:
945:
944:
936:
935:
932:
931:
925:
924:
921:
920:
917:
916:
910:
909:
903:
902:
899:
898:
895:
893:
887:
886:
880:
879:
873:
872:
869:
868:
865:
863:
857:
856:
850:
849:
846:
845:
842:
841:
835:
834:
828:
825:
824:
821:
820:
817:
816:
815:Trigonaloidea
810:
809:
803:
802:
799:
798:
790:
789:
786:
785:
779:
778:
775:
774:
771:
770:
764:
763:
757:
756:
750:
749:
746:
745:
737:
736:
728:
727:
719:
718:
710:
709:
701:
700:
697:
696:
690:
689:
686:
685:
682:
681:
675:
674:
668:
667:
664:
663:
660:
659:
653:
652:
646:
645:
642:
641:
638:
637:
631:
630:
624:
623:
620:
619:
616:
615:
609:
608:
602:
599:
598:
595:
594:
586:
585:
582:
581:
575:
574:
571:
570:
567:
566:
560:
559:
553:
552:
546:
543:
542:
535:
534:
530:
527:
525:
521:
520:Parasitoidism
517:
513:
509:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
417:metamorphosis
414:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
390:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
332:in the order
331:
327:
323:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
302:Trigonaloidea
300:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
267:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
242:
240:
235:
230:
225:
222:
219:
218:
215:
212:
209:
208:
205:
202:
199:
198:
195:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
153:
148:
144:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
121:
117:
116:Ichneumonidae
113:
112:
107:
103:
98:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
22:
19:
3867:
3843:Unicalcarida
3798:(sweat bees)
3750:(mason bees)
3705:Philanthidae
3672:Ampulicidae
3667:Ammoplanidae
3650:Spheciformes
3648:
3429:Chrysididae
3416:Chrysidoidea
3379:Trigonalidae
3353:Megalyroidea
3335:Stephanoidea
3265:Spalangiidae
3255:Pteromalidae
3245:Perilampidae
3225:Neodiparidae
3214:(fairyflies)
3187:Macromesidae
3157:Herbertiidae
3127:Eucharitidae
3102:Coelocybidae
3023:Chalcidoidea
2995:Monomachidae
2975:Austroniidae
2957:Vanhorniidae
2947:Peradeniidae
2877:(gall wasps)
2795:Megaspilidae
2723:
2700:
2640:(wood wasps)
2609:Anaxyelidae
2532:Diprionidae
2470:
2461:Holometabola
2459:Superorder:
2453:Infraclass:
2418:Hymenopteran
2372:Tree of Life
2345:. Retrieved
2341:the original
2330:
2311:
2307:
2297:
2262:
2258:
2233:. Retrieved
2229:the original
2219:
2192:
2186:
2156:(1): 73–88.
2153:
2149:
2139:
2094:
2090:
2056:
2043:
2034:
2030:
2020:
1996:Megalyroidea
1994:Superfamily
1969:Superfamily
1956:ensign wasps
1938:Superfamily
1932:Megaspilidae
1918:Superfamily
1912:Trigonalidae
1906:Maimetshidae
1898:Superfamily
1886:Stephanoidea
1884:Superfamily
1876:Vanhorniidae
1852:Peradeniidae
1832:Superfamily
1776:Superfamily
1762:Superfamily
1756:Monomachidae
1738:Austroniidae
1730:Superfamily
1687:Superfamily
1645:Pteromalidae
1639:Perilampidae
1587:Eucharitidae
1547:Chalcidoidea
1545:Superfamily
1527:pollen wasps
1519:potter wasps
1497:Superfamily
1477:Superfamily
1451:Superfamily
1437:Superfamily
1424:spider wasps
1395:Superfamily
1376:Superfamily
1339:cuckoo wasps
1323:Chrysidoidea
1321:Superfamily
1314:digger wasps
1287:Megachilidae
1186:Superfamily
1070:
1053:
1038:
1016:
990:
968:
928:
913:
890:
860:
840:Chrysidoidea
838:
813:
784:Stephanoidea
782:
767:
693:
678:
658:Chalcidoidea
656:
634:
612:
578:
563:
528:
516:paraphyletic
505:
456:monophyletic
453:
437:caterpillars
431:are used as
410:
406:paraphyletic
391:
321:
320:
307:Megalyroidea
275:Chalcidoidea
245:Stephanoidea
223:
214:Unicalcarida
210:(unranked):
132:
109:
18:
3956:iNaturalist
3892:Wikispecies
3796:Halictidae
3788:Colletidae
3777:orchid bees
3769:cuckoo bees
3748:Andrenidae
3690:Crabronidae
3627:Formicidae
3619:Formicoidea
3577:Pompilidae
3564:Mutillidae
3556:Pompiloidea
3530:Chyphotidae
3447:Plumariidae
3442:Embolemidae
3361:Megalyridae
3343:Stephanidae
3207:Moranilidae
3177:Leucospidae
3172:Idioporidae
3167:Heydeniidae
3147:Eurytomidae
3097:Cleonymidae
3087:Chalcididae
3062:Boucekiidae
3047:Aphelinidae
3041:(fig wasps)
2990:Maamingidae
2967:Diaprioidea
2942:Pelecinidae
2932:Roproniidae
2898:Liopteridae
2847:Scelionidae
2763:(braconids)
2761:Braconidae
2619:(horntails)
2524:Cimbicidae
2381:(in French)
2347:28 November
2122:2434/801122
2037:(7): 1–144.
2002:Megalyridae
1892:Stephanidae
1870:Roproniidae
1846:Pelecinidae
1820:Scelionidae
1750:Maamingidae
1732:Diaprioidea
1724:Liopteridae
1616:Leucospidae
1605:Eurytomidae
1570:Chalcididae
1564:Aphelinidae
1515:paper wasps
1485:Chyphotidae
1407:velvet ants
1397:Pompiloidea
1378:Formicoidea
1358:Plumariidae
1352:Embolemidae
1335:Chrysididae
1267:Crabronidae
1237:orchid bees
1233:bumble bees
1229:cuckoo bees
1225:digger bees
1199:Ampulicidae
1180:Infraorder
1056:Crabronidae
1018:Ampulicidae
992:Formicoidea
892:Pompiloidea
680:Diaprioidea
545:Parasitoida
480:paper wasps
413:parasitoids
334:Hymenoptera
280:Diaprioidea
229:Gerstaecker
204:Hymenoptera
4063:Categories
3841:See also:
3812:Melittidae
3765:bumblebees
3761:honey bees
3732:Anthophila
3715:Sphecidae
3695:Mellinidae
3685:Bembicidae
3606:Scoliidae
3598:Scolioidea
3585:Sapygidae
3572:Myrmosidae
3535:Thynnidae
3522:Thynnoidea
3509:Tiphiidae
3496:Tiphioidea
3424:Bethylidae
3317:Evaniidae
3304:Evanioidea
3270:Systasidae
3212:Mymaridae
3182:Lyciscidae
3142:Eupelmidae
3132:Eulophidae
3117:Encyrtidae
3039:Agaonidae
2980:Diapriidae
2875:Cynipidae
2862:Cynipoidea
2837:Nixoniidae
2680:Orussidae
2672:Orussoidea
2617:Siricidae
2601:Siricoidea
2447:Subclass:
2437:Arthropoda
2337:"Symphyta"
2012:References
1977:Braconidae
1940:Evanioidea
1802:Nixoniidae
1744:Diapriidae
1705:gall wasps
1689:Cynipoidea
1651:Rotoitidae
1626:fairyflies
1599:Eupelmidae
1593:Eulophidae
1581:Encyrtidae
1453:Tiphioidea
1439:Scolioidea
1420:Pompilidae
1414:Myrmosidae
1403:Mutillidae
1384:Formicidae
1329:Bethylidae
1298:Melittidae
1274:Halictidae
1252:Colletidae
1210:Andrenidae
1072:Anthophila
970:Scolioidea
930:Tiphioidea
915:Thynnoidea
769:Evanioidea
614:Cynipoidea
508:Parasitica
466:to inject
460:ovipositor
394:Parasitica
386:ovipositor
382:ovipositor
378:parasitoid
270:Cynipoidea
255:Evanioidea
237:Subgroups
220:Suborder:
184:Arthropoda
3680:Astatidae
3483:Vespidae
3467:Vespoidea
3437:Dryinidae
3312:Aulacidae
3285:Torymidae
3250:Pirenidae
3235:Ormyridae
3230:Ooderidae
3137:Eunotidae
3112:Diparidae
3067:Calesidae
2985:Ismaridae
2937:Heloridae
2893:Ibaliidae
2888:Figitidae
2659:Cephidae
2651:Cephoidea
2561:Xyeloidea
2540:Pergidae
2449:Pterygota
2429:Kingdom:
1952:Evaniidae
1946:Aulacidae
1840:Heloridae
1718:Ibaliidae
1712:Figitidae
1701:Cynipidae
1675:Torymidae
1633:Ormyridae
1622:Mymaridae
1557:fig wasps
1553:Agaonidae
1499:Vespoidea
1491:Thynnidae
1479:Thynoidea
1471:Tiphiidae
1445:Scoliidae
1431:Sapygidae
1346:Dryinidae
1310:Sphecidae
1245:honeybees
1040:Sphecidae
862:Vespoidea
536:Apocrita
362:propodeum
170:Kingdom:
164:Eukaryota
4069:Apocrita
4033:apocrita
3906:BioLib:
3898:Apocrita
3877:Wikidata
3868:Apocrita
3710:Psenidae
3052:Azotidae
2567:Xyelidae
2508:Argidae
2455:Neoptera
2435:Phylum:
2431:Animalia
2420:families
2289:28376325
2178:21540117
2131:28343967
2055:(2005).
1904:Family †
1812:Family †
1511:Vespidae
1182:Aculeata
827:Aculeata
398:Aculeata
370:metasoma
366:mesosoma
350:Symphyta
326:suborder
322:Apocrita
312:Aculeata
224:Apocrita
180:Phylum:
174:Animalia
160:Domain:
139:Vespidae
24:Apocrita
3922:2717184
3640:Apoidea
2443:Insecta
2441:Class:
2416:Extant
2267:Bibcode
2158:Bibcode
2099:Bibcode
2000:Family
1981:Family
1975:Family
1961:Family
1950:Family
1944:Family
1930:Family
1924:Family
1910:Family
1890:Family
1874:Family
1868:Family
1862:Family
1856:Family
1850:Family
1844:Family
1838:Family
1824:Family
1818:Family
1806:Family
1800:Family
1794:Family
1788:Family
1782:Family
1768:Family
1754:Family
1748:Family
1742:Family
1736:Family
1722:Family
1716:Family
1710:Family
1699:Family
1693:Family
1679:Family
1673:Family
1667:Family
1661:Family
1655:Family
1649:Family
1643:Family
1637:Family
1631:Family
1620:Family
1614:Family
1603:Family
1597:Family
1591:Family
1585:Family
1579:Family
1568:Family
1562:Family
1551:Family
1523:hornets
1509:Family
1503:Family
1489:Family
1483:Family
1469:Family
1463:Family
1457:Family
1443:Family
1429:Family
1418:Family
1412:Family
1401:Family
1382:Family
1368:Family
1362:Family
1356:Family
1350:Family
1344:Family
1333:Family
1327:Family
1308:Family
1302:Family
1296:Family
1285:Family
1279:Family
1272:Family
1265:Family
1250:Family
1215:Family
1208:Family
1197:Family
1188:Apoidea
1074:(bees)
1005:Apoidea
994:(ants)
484:hornets
464:stinger
449:weevils
358:abdomen
354:petiole
330:insects
200:Order:
194:Insecta
190:Class:
4046:151156
4007:NZOR:
3974:152864
3961:124417
3883:Q22864
3756:Apidae
3738:(bees)
3629:(ants)
3072:Ceidae
2915:s.str.
2287:
2235:6 June
2207:
2176:
2129:
2063:
1243:, and
1217:Apidae
492:nectar
488:pollen
486:), or
476:social
472:social
447:, and
384:. The
374:gaster
344:, and
231:, 1867
4041:WoRMS
4030:PPE:
4023:70726
3935:11274
3909:16902
496:fungi
468:venom
445:flies
402:clade
338:wasps
324:is a
4000:7400
3995:NCBI
3969:ITIS
2349:2016
2285:PMID
2237:2016
2205:ISBN
2174:PMID
2127:PMID
2061:ISBN
1388:ants
1258:and
1192:bees
490:and
482:and
425:eggs
396:and
372:(or
368:and
346:ants
342:bees
35:PreꞒ
3982:NBN
3917:EoL
2316:doi
2275:doi
2197:doi
2166:doi
2117:hdl
2107:doi
328:of
4065::
4043::
4020::
3997::
3984::
3971::
3958::
3945::
3932::
3919::
3894::
3879::
3779:,
3775:,
3771:,
3767:,
3763:,
2312:79
2310:.
2306:.
2283:.
2273:.
2263:27
2261:.
2257:.
2245:^
2203:.
2172:.
2164:.
2154:60
2152:.
2148:.
2125:.
2115:.
2105:.
2095:27
2093:.
2089:.
2075:^
2051:;
2035:30
2029:.
1529:,
1525:,
1521:,
1517:,
1239:,
1235:,
1231:,
1227:,
1223:,
518:.
451:.
443:,
439:,
340:,
141:)
118:)
85:Pg
3783:)
3759:(
3407:a
3405:t
3403:a
3401:e
3399:l
3397:u
3395:c
3393:A
2917:)
2913:(
2743:a
2741:c
2739:i
2737:t
2735:i
2733:s
2731:a
2729:r
2727:a
2725:P
2715:a
2713:t
2711:i
2709:r
2707:c
2705:o
2703:p
2701:A
2486:a
2484:t
2482:y
2480:h
2478:p
2476:m
2474:y
2472:S
2409:e
2402:t
2395:v
2351:.
2324:.
2318::
2291:.
2277::
2269::
2239:.
2213:.
2199::
2180:.
2168::
2160::
2133:.
2119::
2109::
2101::
2069:.
1989:)
1985:(
1958:)
1954:(
1707:)
1703:(
1624:(
1611:)
1607:(
1576:)
1572:(
1559:)
1555:(
1533:)
1513:(
1426:)
1422:(
1409:)
1405:(
1390:)
1386:(
1341:)
1337:(
1316:)
1312:(
1293:)
1289:(
1262:)
1254:(
1247:)
1219:(
1205:)
1201:(
1190:(
1054:"
137:(
114:(
90:N
80:K
75:J
70:T
65:P
60:C
55:D
50:S
45:O
40:Ꞓ
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