3317:
5440:
3310:
1814:
2639:
2625:
4892:
4105:
4878:
2618:
4885:
1820:
3324:
136:
2632:
5453:
4123:
109:
4111:
4130:
5447:
4872:
4118:
5588:
576:(RTMP 95.110.1). These two fossil skulls had soft tissue preservation, and both had keratinous beaks with vertical grooves extending ventrally from the bony upper mandible. These structures are reminiscent of the lamellae seen in ducks, in which they function to strain small edible items like plants, forams, mollusks, and ostracods from the water. The authors further noted that ornithomimids were abundant in
560:
suggested that the long, sloth-like 'arms' of ornithomimids may have been used to pull down branches on which to feed, an idea supported by further study of their strange, hook-like hands. The sheer abundance of ornithomimids — they are the most common small dinosaurs in North
America — is consistent
1072:
Tanke, D.H. and Brett-Surman, M.K. 2001. Evidence of
Hatchling and Nestling-Size Hadrosaurs (Reptilia:Ornithischia) from Dinosaur Provincial Park (Dinosaur Park Formation: Campanian), Alberta, Canada. pp. 206–218. In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life—New Research Inspired by the Paleontology of Philip
580:
environments, and rarer in more arid environments, suggesting that they may have depended on waterborne sources of food, possibly filter feeding. They noted that primitive ornithomimids had well developed teeth, while derived forms were edentulous and probably could not feed on large animals.
497:
The fore limbs ('arms') were long and slender and bore powerful claws. The hind limbs were long and powerful, with a long foot and short, strong toes terminating in hooflike claws. Ornithomimids were probably among the fastest of all dinosaurs. Like many other
929:
Xu, L.; Kobayashi, Y.; Lü, J.; Lee, Y. N.; Liu, Y.; Tanaka, K.; Zhang, X.; Jia, S.; Zhang, J. (2011). "A new ornithomimid dinosaur with North
American affinities from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation in Henan Province of China".
561:
with the idea that they were plant eaters, as herbivores usually outnumber carnivores in an ecosystem. However, they may have been omnivores that ate both plants and small animal prey.
1095:
Molnar, R. E., 2001, Theropod paleopathology: a literature survey: In: Mesozoic
Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, p. 337-363.
534:
Ornithomimids appear to have been preyed upon at least occasionally by other theropods, as evidenced by an ornithomimid tail vertebra that preserves tooth drag marks attributed to a
632:, in 1976. Today, Ornithomimosauria is regarded as a clade within Coelurosauria. The contents of Ornithomimidae and Ornithomimosauria varied from author to author as
592:. Barrett also offered calculations, estimating how much energy could be derived from filter feeding and the probable energy needs of an animal as big as
552:
Ornithomimids probably acquired most of their calories from plants. Many ornithomimosaurs, including primitive species, have been found with numerous
544:). One specimen from an unidentified ornithomimid shows a pathologic toe bone whose far end is "mushroomed" compared to those of healthy specimens.
960:
Serrano-Brañas, Claudia Inés; Torres-Rodríguez, Esperanza; Reyes-Luna, Paola
Carolina; González-Ramírez, Ixchel; González-León, Carlos (2015).
588:
Barrett (2005) noted that vertical ridges are seen on the inner surface of the beaks of strictly herbivorous turtles, and also the hadrosaurid
531:
While little is known of ornithomimid reproduction, neonate ornithomimid fossils have been found representing either embryos or hatchlings.
5628:
5532:
5633:
3316:
3309:
1297:
1105:
Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Lu, Jun-Chang; Dong, Zhi-Ming; Barsbold, Rinchen; Azuma, Yoichi; Tomida, Yukimitsu (December 1999).
892:
5439:
5618:
1276:
5623:
490:
The skulls of ornithomimids were small, with large eyes, above relatively long and slender necks. All had toothless
4104:
1022:
Schmitz, L. & Motani, R. (2011). "Nocturnality in
Dinosaurs Inferred from Scleral Ring and Orbit Morphology".
2638:
2624:
962:"A new ornithomimid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Packard Shale formation (Cabullona Group) Sonora, México"
4877:
5318:
2617:
1813:
4122:
1819:
4891:
917:
660:
135:
3323:
639:
The cladogram below was the result of a study conducted in 2015 by
Claudia Serrano-Branas and colleagues.
2631:
1073:
J. Currie. Edited by D.H. Tanke and K. Carpenter. Indiana
University Press: Bloomington. xviii + 577 pp.
5578:
4884:
1152:
Nicholls, E. L.; Russell, A. P. (1985). "Structure and function of the pectoral girdle and forelimb of
4129:
5608:
5452:
5510:
1364:
1082:
Jacobsen, A.R. 2001. Tooth-marked small theropod bone: An extremely rare trace. p. 58-63. In:
809:
5446:
4110:
1269:
725:
5613:
5563:
5472:
557:
5558:
5550:
3835:
3747:
689:
612:. Two years later, Marsh described additional material and realized that ornithomimids were
5519:
5404:
3524:
3492:
1184:
1031:
122:
4871:
8:
3848:
3635:
617:
479:
4117:
1188:
1035:
959:
5311:
3824:
3684:
3540:
3480:
2915:
2825:
2708:
1572:
1262:
1208:
1134:
1055:
503:
415:
313:
270:
130:
1175:
Norell, M. A.; Makovicky, P.; Currie, P. J. (2001). "The beaks of ostrich dinosaurs".
915:
Dinosaurs: The Most
Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages,
5545:
5193:
5110:
5084:
4923:
4910:
4788:
4338:
4290:
3122:
2472:
1551:
1244:
1227:
1200:
1126:
1047:
629:
540:
456:. Ornithomimids were fast, omnivorous or herbivorous dinosaurs known mainly from the
222:
1059:
5592:
5297:
5054:
4964:
4753:
4677:
4540:
4459:
4431:
4391:
4272:
4242:
3760:
3513:
3377:
3234:
3134:
2983:
2890:
2848:
2415:
1725:
1239:
1212:
1192:
1138:
1118:
1039:
1002:
973:
939:
625:
624:. Recognizing the distinctiveness of ornithomimids compared to other coelurosaurs,
476:
460:
293:
978:
961:
943:
5360:
5098:
5061:
4993:
4848:
4841:
4661:
4603:
4576:
4566:
4526:
4361:
4220:
4204:
4022:
3994:
3972:
3859:
3704:
3411:
3185:
3068:
3046:
2967:
2796:
2773:
2766:
2744:
2730:
2723:
2684:
2535:
2382:
2309:
2298:
2234:
2122:
2009:
1586:
1495:
1349:
1324:
457:
385:
235:
28:
5325:
5269:
5231:
5220:
5017:
4730:
4688:
4670:
4650:
4547:
4261:
4006:
3868:
3695:
3677:
3505:
3472:
3458:
3419:
3193:
3054:
3011:
3004:
2926:
2902:
2855:
2814:
2751:
2737:
2465:
2450:
2277:
2111:
1975:
1943:
1932:
1909:
1871:
1732:
1702:
1626:
1565:
1464:
616:. As relationships within theropods began to be resolved in the 20th century,
515:
335:
1086:. Ed.s Tanke, D. H., Carpenter, K., Skrepnick, M. W. Indiana University Press.
5602:
5495:
5367:
5213:
5174:
5153:
5032:
5025:
4952:
4746:
4719:
4585:
4502:
4480:
4473:
4466:
4409:
4326:
4189:
4161:
4148:
4072:
3949:
3789:
3623:
3554:
3440:
3427:
3172:
3150:
3143:
3107:
3080:
3032:
2956:
2692:
2483:
2457:
2373:
2354:
2347:
2284:
2263:
2242:
2227:
2213:
2172:
2138:
2131:
2050:
1902:
1789:
1782:
1709:
1679:
1668:
1558:
1529:
1522:
1448:
1130:
1007:
994:
780:
621:
577:
535:
472:
395:
66:
1043:
564:
The feeding habits of ornithomimids have been controversial. In 2001 Norell
108:
5339:
5277:
5247:
5167:
5160:
5138:
5130:
5010:
5002:
4982:
4697:
4616:
4554:
4445:
4416:
4368:
4197:
4182:
3957:
3889:
3817:
3796:
3775:
3591:
3547:
3355:
3342:
3272:
3225:
3100:
2990:
2942:
2935:
2872:
2841:
2834:
2715:
2542:
2394:
2291:
2193:
2186:
2081:
2065:
2001:
1952:
1884:
1661:
1544:
1537:
1508:
1471:
1440:
1204:
1051:
826:
608:
in 1890, the family
Ornithomimidae was originally classified as a group of
520:
355:
259:
117:
5504:
5393:
5374:
5304:
5254:
5240:
5182:
5123:
5068:
4945:
4739:
4623:
4592:
4509:
4495:
4227:
4175:
4043:
3965:
3928:
3810:
3782:
3735:
3655:
3533:
3390:
3241:
3214:
3114:
3061:
2997:
2976:
2949:
2700:
2513:
2506:
2492:
2318:
2165:
2156:
2058:
2029:
1959:
1924:
1917:
1717:
1695:
1688:
1647:
1639:
1615:
1600:
1579:
1487:
1479:
609:
499:
426:
405:
324:
303:
41:
5537:
5332:
5261:
5206:
4827:
4634:
4452:
4438:
4423:
4375:
4309:
4235:
4057:
4050:
4036:
3942:
3875:
3803:
3767:
3720:
3662:
3648:
3615:
3607:
3600:
3581:
3404:
3369:
3157:
2758:
2549:
2499:
2436:
2407:
2362:
2340:
2333:
2325:
2249:
2145:
2104:
2097:
2089:
2073:
1993:
1864:
1740:
1593:
1456:
1315:
742:
605:
553:
525:
345:
193:
86:
51:
5353:
5346:
5046:
5039:
4712:
4704:
4643:
4297:
4015:
3561:
3465:
3200:
2785:
2670:
2657:
2584:
2520:
2443:
2422:
2179:
2042:
1850:
1837:
1755:
1607:
1426:
1413:
1376:
1285:
1196:
633:
613:
375:
365:
206:
147:
91:
35:
5466:
5489:
4937:
4354:
4347:
4319:
4212:
3712:
3093:
2429:
2256:
2017:
1654:
1333:
1309:
1106:
636:
definitions began to appear for the groups in the 1990s and 2000s.
464:
449:
446:
180:
167:
81:
76:
61:
56:
46:
1122:
4487:
4249:
3979:
3882:
3207:
2528:
453:
96:
71:
5524:
5146:
4834:
2270:
1303:
999:
Excavation Report: Dinosaur Cove 1993-1994 & Inverloch 1994
524:
and modern birds and reptiles indicate that they may have been
157:
1228:"The diet of ostrich dinosaurs (Theropoda: Ornithomimosauria)"
3986:
3727:
3669:
1254:
5410:
4029:
491:
468:
442:
992:
1145:
1104:
5576:
1174:
1021:
584:
One later paper questioned the conclusions of Norell
401:
391:
381:
371:
361:
351:
341:
331:
319:
309:
299:
289:
266:
4819:
1089:
1066:
628:placed ornithomimids within their own infraorder,
1076:
556:in their stomachs, characteristic of herbivores.
5600:
4921:
4787:
928:
528:, active throughout the day at short intervals.
475:), though they have also been reported from the
4270:
1151:
596:. He concluded that herbivory was more likely.
452:which bore a superficial resemblance to modern
2794:
1348:
1168:
1107:"Herbivorous diet in an ornithomimid dinosaur"
1270:
955:
953:
4159:
3353:
3271:
2393:
1219:
995:"Digs at Dinosaur Cove and Flat Rocks 1994"
909:
907:
1277:
1263:
1015:
950:
922:
620:included Ornithomimidae in his infraorder
107:
1243:
1006:
977:
121:specimen found in 1995 with quill knobs,
2668:
2583:
1848:
1424:
904:
1225:
5601:
5471:
5470:
4909:
4908:
4146:
3340:
2655:
1835:
1411:
1296:
1258:
993:T. H. Rich; P. Vickers-Rich (1994).
893:Timeline of ornithomimosaur research
5629:Taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh
13:
445:-mimics") is an extinct family of
14:
5645:
4147:
599:
5586:
5451:
5445:
5438:
4890:
4883:
4876:
4870:
4128:
4121:
4116:
4109:
4103:
3341:
3322:
3315:
3308:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2616:
1818:
1812:
1245:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00448.x
134:
39:
1156:(Theropoda: Ornithomimidae)".
1098:
986:
485:
1:
5634:Prehistoric dinosaur families
2656:
1836:
1412:
1284:
979:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.08.013
944:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.12.004
898:
913:Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2012)
661:Archaeornithomimus asiaticus
502:, the ornithomimid hide was
7:
886:
16:Group of theropod dinosaurs
10:
5650:
5619:Turonian first appearances
572:(IGM 100/1133) and one of
509:
5624:Maastrichtian extinctions
5479:
5435:
5392:
5287:
5230:
5201:
5192:
5118:
5109:
5093:
5082:
4992:
4977:
4973:
4962:
4932:
4917:
4904:
4868:
4815:
4783:
4729:
4687:
4660:
4633:
4611:
4602:
4575:
4564:
4535:
4524:
4404:
4400:
4389:
4337:
4308:
4285:
4281:
4259:
4170:
4155:
4142:
4101:
4071:
4005:
3937:
3927:
3923:
3858:
3843:
3834:
3755:
3746:
3694:
3643:
3634:
3590:
3579:
3523:
3500:
3491:
3453:
3449:
3438:
3399:
3388:
3364:
3349:
3336:
3305:
3267:
3224:
3180:
3171:
3133:
3088:
3079:
3041:
3030:
2966:
2925:
2910:
2901:
2885:
2881:
2870:
2824:
2809:
2805:
2783:
2679:
2664:
2651:
2613:
2579:
2482:
2402:
2372:
2308:
2222:
2211:
2155:
2121:
2037:
2028:
1988:
1984:
1973:
1942:
1897:
1893:
1882:
1859:
1844:
1831:
1809:
1774:
1754:
1678:
1634:
1625:
1517:
1506:
1435:
1420:
1407:
1375:
1357:
1344:
1292:
823:
806:
799:
777:
770:
739:
722:
715:
708:
686:
679:
657:
650:
421:
414:
286:
281:
265:
258:
131:Scientific classification
129:
115:
106:
23:
1084:Mesozoic Vertebrate Life
1008:10.5962/bhl.title.148282
810:Tototlmimus packardensis
514:Comparisons between the
1226:Barrett, P. M. (2005).
1044:10.1126/science.1200043
726:Anserimimus planinychus
568:reported a specimen of
547:
558:Henry Fairfield Osborn
5559:Paleobiology Database
3836:Carcharodontosaurinae
3748:Carcharodontosauridae
918:Winter 2011 Appendix.
690:Sinornithomimus dongi
4820:Dubious coelurosaurs
3525:Metriacanthosaurinae
3493:Metriacanthosauridae
1775:Dubious neotheropods
123:Royal Tyrrell Museum
3849:Carcharodontosaurus
3636:Carcharodontosauria
1189:2001Natur.412..873N
1154:Struthiomimus altus
1036:2011Sci...332..705S
966:Cretaceous Research
932:Cretaceous Research
618:Friedrich von Huene
506:rather than scaly.
480:Wonthaggi Formation
5312:Archaeornithomimus
3825:Veterupristisaurus
3685:Veterupristisaurus
3541:Metriacanthosaurus
3481:Piatnitzkysauridae
2916:Eustreptospondylus
2826:Piatnitzkysauridae
2709:Chuandongocoelurus
1573:Notatesseraeraptor
314:Archaeornithomimus
271:Ornithomimus velox
5574:
5573:
5546:Open Tree of Life
5473:Taxon identifiers
5464:
5463:
5460:
5459:
5433:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5388:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5194:Macrocheiriformes
5111:Ornithomimosauria
5085:Maniraptoriformes
5078:
5077:
4924:Maniraptoromorpha
4911:Maniraptoromorpha
4900:
4899:
4866:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4811:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4789:Maniraptoromorpha
4779:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4520:
4519:
4385:
4384:
4339:Proceratosauridae
4291:Chingkankousaurus
4138:
4137:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4067:
4066:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3575:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3332:
3331:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3167:
3166:
3123:Vallibonavenatrix
3026:
3025:
3022:
3021:
2866:
2865:
2647:
2646:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2202:
1969:
1968:
1827:
1826:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1750:
1749:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1183:(6850): 873–874.
1117:(6761): 480–481.
883:
882:
874:
873:
865:
864:
856:
855:
847:
846:
838:
837:
754:
753:
630:Ornithomimosauria
541:Saurornitholestes
436:
435:
430:
254:
223:Ornithomimosauria
5641:
5609:Ornithomimosaurs
5591:
5590:
5589:
5582:
5567:
5566:
5554:
5553:
5541:
5540:
5528:
5527:
5515:
5514:
5513:
5500:
5499:
5498:
5468:
5467:
5455:
5449:
5442:
5298:Aepyornithomimus
5199:
5198:
5116:
5115:
5091:
5090:
5055:Sinocalliopteryx
4975:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4965:Neocoelurosauria
4930:
4929:
4919:
4918:
4906:
4905:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4874:
4817:
4816:
4785:
4784:
4754:Zhuchengtyrannus
4678:Thanatotheristes
4609:
4608:
4573:
4572:
4541:Appalachiosaurus
4533:
4532:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4392:Pantyrannosauria
4283:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4273:Tyrannosauroidea
4268:
4267:
4243:Xinjiangovenator
4168:
4167:
4157:
4156:
4144:
4143:
4132:
4125:
4120:
4113:
4107:
3935:
3934:
3925:
3924:
3841:
3840:
3761:Acrocanthosaurus
3753:
3752:
3641:
3640:
3588:
3587:
3514:Yangchuanosaurus
3498:
3497:
3451:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3397:
3396:
3378:Lourinhanosaurus
3362:
3361:
3351:
3350:
3338:
3337:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3269:
3268:
3235:Sigilmassasaurus
3178:
3177:
3135:Ceratosuchopsini
3086:
3085:
3039:
3038:
2984:Dubreuillosaurus
2908:
2907:
2891:Streptospondylus
2883:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2849:Piatnitzkysaurus
2807:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2792:
2791:
2677:
2676:
2666:
2665:
2653:
2652:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2581:
2580:
2416:Ekrixinatosaurus
2400:
2399:
2391:
2390:
2220:
2219:
2035:
2034:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1857:
1856:
1846:
1845:
1833:
1832:
1822:
1816:
1726:Procompsognathus
1632:
1631:
1515:
1514:
1433:
1432:
1422:
1421:
1409:
1408:
1355:
1354:
1346:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1294:
1293:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1197:10.1038/35091139
1172:
1166:
1165:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1087:
1080:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
990:
984:
983:
981:
957:
948:
947:
926:
920:
911:
802:
801:
796:
773:
772:
767:
718:
717:
711:
710:
705:
682:
681:
676:
653:
652:
643:
642:
626:Rinchen Barsbold
477:Lower Cretaceous
425:
424:Struthiomimidae
403:
393:
383:
373:
363:
353:
343:
333:
321:
311:
301:
294:Aepyornithomimus
291:
268:
252:
247:
234:
221:
139:
138:
111:
101:
38:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
5649:
5648:
5644:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5638:
5599:
5598:
5597:
5587:
5585:
5577:
5575:
5570:
5562:
5557:
5549:
5544:
5536:
5531:
5523:
5518:
5509:
5508:
5503:
5494:
5493:
5488:
5475:
5465:
5456:
5443:
5417:
5380:
5361:Sinornithomimus
5283:
5226:
5188:
5105:
5099:Compsognathidae
5087:
5074:
5062:Sinosauropteryx
4994:Compsognathidae
4988:
4967:
4958:
4926:
4913:
4896:
4895:
4881:
4854:
4849:Shanyangosaurus
4842:Phaedrolosaurus
4803:
4759:
4725:
4683:
4662:Daspletosaurini
4656:
4629:
4604:Tyrannosaurinae
4598:
4577:Albertosaurinae
4569:
4567:Tyrannosauridae
4560:
4529:
4527:Eutyrannosauria
4516:
4394:
4381:
4362:Proceratosaurus
4333:
4304:
4275:
4264:
4255:
4221:Richardoestesia
4205:Chilantaisaurus
4164:
4151:
4134:
4133:
4114:
4087:
4063:
4023:Australovenator
4001:
3995:Chilantaisaurus
3973:Phuwiangvenator
3895:
3860:Giganotosaurini
3854:
3830:
3742:
3705:Chilantaisaurus
3690:
3630:
3584:
3567:
3519:
3487:
3443:
3434:
3412:Monolophosaurus
3393:
3384:
3358:
3345:
3328:
3327:
3313:
3287:
3247:
3220:
3186:Camarillasaurus
3163:
3129:
3075:
3069:Ostafrikasaurus
3047:Camarillasaurus
3035:
3018:
2968:Afrovenatorinae
2962:
2921:
2897:
2875:
2862:
2820:
2799:
2797:Megalosauroidea
2788:
2779:
2774:Vectaerovenator
2767:Szechuanosaurus
2745:Monolophosaurus
2731:Kaijiangosaurus
2724:Cryolophosaurus
2685:Calamospondylus
2673:
2660:
2643:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2599:
2555:
2536:Pycnonemosaurus
2478:
2389:
2383:Majungasaurinae
2368:
2310:Majungasaurinae
2304:
2299:Xenotarsosaurus
2235:Dryptosauroides
2216:
2199:
2151:
2123:Elaphrosaurinae
2117:
2024:
2010:Ornithomimoides
1978:
1965:
1938:
1887:
1878:
1853:
1840:
1823:
1817:
1795:
1770:
1746:
1674:
1621:
1587:Shuangbaisaurus
1511:
1502:
1429:
1416:
1391:
1371:
1365:Avemetatarsalia
1350:Avemetatarsalia
1340:
1325:Avemetatarsalia
1299:
1298:
1288:
1283:
1253:
1224:
1220:
1173:
1169:
1150:
1146:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1067:
1030:(6030): 705–8.
1020:
1016:
991:
987:
958:
951:
927:
923:
912:
905:
901:
889:
884:
875:
866:
857:
848:
839:
797:
794:
768:
765:
755:
706:
703:
677:
674:
602:
550:
512:
488:
458:Late Cretaceous
386:Sinornithomimus
277:
274:
251:
245:
236:Ornithomimoidea
232:
219:
133:
102:
100:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
33:
32:
29:Late Cretaceous
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5647:
5637:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5596:
5595:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5568:
5555:
5542:
5529:
5516:
5511:Ornithomimidae
5501:
5485:
5483:
5481:Ornithomimidae
5477:
5476:
5462:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5414:
5413:
5407:
5398:
5396:
5390:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5371:
5364:
5357:
5350:
5343:
5336:
5329:
5326:Dromiceiomimus
5322:
5315:
5308:
5301:
5293:
5291:
5289:Ornithomimidae
5285:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5274:
5270:Paraxenisaurus
5266:
5258:
5251:
5244:
5236:
5234:
5232:Deinocheiridae
5228:
5227:
5225:
5224:
5221:Shenzhousaurus
5217:
5210:
5202:
5196:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5186:
5179:
5171:
5164:
5157:
5150:
5143:
5135:
5127:
5119:
5113:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5094:
5088:
5083:
5080:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5072:
5065:
5058:
5051:
5043:
5036:
5029:
5022:
5018:Beipiaognathus
5014:
5007:
4998:
4996:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4986:
4978:
4968:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4933:
4927:
4922:
4915:
4914:
4902:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4889:
4875:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4852:
4845:
4838:
4831:
4823:
4821:
4813:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4799:
4793:
4791:
4781:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4769:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4750:
4743:
4735:
4733:
4731:Tyrannosaurini
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4716:
4709:
4701:
4693:
4691:
4689:Teratophoneini
4685:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4674:
4671:Daspletosaurus
4666:
4664:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4651:Qianzhousaurus
4647:
4639:
4637:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4620:
4612:
4606:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4589:
4581:
4579:
4570:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4551:
4548:Bistahieversor
4544:
4536:
4530:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4506:
4499:
4492:
4484:
4477:
4470:
4463:
4456:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4428:
4420:
4413:
4405:
4395:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4372:
4365:
4358:
4351:
4343:
4341:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4323:
4315:
4313:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4294:
4286:
4276:
4271:
4265:
4262:Tyrannoraptora
4260:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4246:
4239:
4232:
4224:
4217:
4209:
4201:
4194:
4186:
4179:
4171:
4165:
4160:
4153:
4152:
4140:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4127:
4108:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4077:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4054:
4047:
4040:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4011:
4009:
4007:Megaraptoridae
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3991:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3954:
3946:
3938:
3932:
3921:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3869:Giganotosaurus
3864:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3844:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3764:
3756:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3732:
3724:
3717:
3709:
3700:
3698:
3696:Neovenatoridae
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3681:
3678:Ulughbegsaurus
3674:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3644:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3620:
3612:
3604:
3596:
3594:
3585:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3529:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3510:
3506:Xuanhanosaurus
3501:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3477:
3473:Xuanhanosaurus
3469:
3462:
3459:Asfaltovenator
3454:
3444:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3424:
3420:Megalosauridae
3416:
3408:
3400:
3394:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3374:
3365:
3359:
3354:
3347:
3346:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3321:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3277:
3275:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3238:
3230:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3194:Ichthyovenator
3190:
3181:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3139:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3119:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3065:
3058:
3055:Cristatusaurus
3051:
3042:
3036:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3012:Poekilopleuron
3008:
3005:Piveteausaurus
3001:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2972:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2931:
2929:
2927:Megalosaurinae
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2911:
2905:
2903:Megalosauridae
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2886:
2876:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2856:Xuanhanosaurus
2852:
2845:
2838:
2830:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2815:Yunyangosaurus
2810:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2770:
2763:
2755:
2752:Pandoravenator
2748:
2741:
2738:Kayentavenator
2734:
2727:
2720:
2712:
2705:
2697:
2689:
2680:
2674:
2669:
2662:
2661:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2488:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2469:
2466:Skorpiovenator
2462:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2403:
2397:
2388:
2387:
2378:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2359:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2322:
2314:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2278:Spectrovenator
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2231:
2223:
2217:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2161:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2127:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2112:Spinostropheus
2108:
2101:
2094:
2086:
2078:
2070:
2062:
2055:
2047:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2014:
2006:
1998:
1989:
1979:
1976:Abelisauroidea
1974:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1956:
1948:
1946:
1944:Ceratosauridae
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1933:Saltriovenator
1929:
1921:
1914:
1910:Fosterovenator
1906:
1898:
1888:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1872:Lophostropheus
1868:
1860:
1854:
1849:
1842:
1841:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1786:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1760:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1737:
1733:Pterospondylus
1729:
1722:
1714:
1706:
1703:Lucianovenator
1699:
1692:
1684:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1635:
1629:
1627:Coelophysoidea
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1612:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1566:Lophostropheus
1562:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1526:
1518:
1512:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1492:
1484:
1476:
1468:
1465:Erythrovenator
1461:
1453:
1445:
1436:
1430:
1425:
1418:
1417:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1381:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1358:
1352:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1327:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1290:
1289:
1282:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1259:
1252:
1251:
1238:(2): 347–358.
1218:
1167:
1144:
1097:
1088:
1075:
1065:
1014:
985:
949:
921:
902:
900:
897:
896:
895:
888:
885:
881:
880:
877:
876:
872:
871:
868:
867:
863:
862:
859:
858:
854:
853:
850:
849:
845:
844:
841:
840:
836:
835:
832:
831:
822:
819:
818:
815:
814:
805:
800:
798:
793:
790:
789:
786:
785:
776:
771:
769:
764:
761:
760:
757:
756:
752:
751:
748:
747:
738:
735:
734:
731:
730:
721:
716:
714:
709:
707:
702:
699:
698:
695:
694:
685:
680:
678:
673:
670:
669:
666:
665:
656:
651:
649:
647:Ornithomimidae
641:
601:
600:Classification
598:
549:
546:
511:
508:
487:
484:
482:of Australia.
439:Ornithomimidae
434:
433:
432:
431:
419:
418:
412:
411:
410:
409:
399:
389:
379:
369:
359:
349:
339:
336:Dromiceiomimus
329:
317:
307:
297:
284:
283:
279:
278:
275:
263:
262:
256:
255:
249:Ornithomimidae
243:
239:
238:
230:
226:
225:
217:
210:
209:
204:
197:
196:
191:
184:
183:
178:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
127:
126:
113:
112:
104:
103:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5646:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5614:Ornithomimids
5612:
5610:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5594:
5584:
5583:
5580:
5565:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5521:
5517:
5512:
5506:
5502:
5497:
5491:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5482:
5478:
5474:
5469:
5454:
5450:
5448:
5441:
5412:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5401:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5395:
5391:
5377:
5376:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5368:Struthiomimus
5365:
5363:
5362:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5351:
5349:
5348:
5344:
5342:
5341:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5319:"Coelosaurus"
5316:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5290:
5286:
5280:
5279:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5245:
5243:
5242:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5233:
5229:
5223:
5222:
5218:
5216:
5215:
5214:Pelecanimimus
5211:
5209:
5208:
5204:
5203:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5191:
5185:
5184:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5175:Thecocoelurus
5172:
5170:
5169:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5154:Kinnareemimus
5151:
5149:
5148:
5144:
5141:
5140:
5136:
5133:
5132:
5128:
5126:
5125:
5121:
5120:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5108:
5101:
5100:
5096:
5095:
5092:
5089:
5086:
5081:
5071:
5070:
5066:
5064:
5063:
5059:
5057:
5056:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5033:Huaxiagnathus
5030:
5028:
5027:
5026:Compsognathus
5023:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5013:
5012:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4991:
4985:
4984:
4980:
4979:
4976:
4972:
4969:
4966:
4961:
4955:
4954:
4953:Ornitholestes
4950:
4948:
4947:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4928:
4925:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4907:
4903:
4893:
4888:
4886:
4879:
4873:
4851:
4850:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4797:
4796:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4756:
4755:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4747:Tyrannosaurus
4744:
4742:
4741:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4722:
4721:
4720:Teratophoneus
4717:
4715:
4714:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4659:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4614:
4613:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4586:Albertosaurus
4583:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4571:
4568:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4552:
4550:
4549:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4537:
4534:
4531:
4528:
4523:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4503:Xiongguanlong
4500:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4481:Suskityrannus
4478:
4476:
4475:
4474:Stokesosaurus
4471:
4469:
4468:
4467:Santanaraptor
4464:
4462:
4461:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4410:Alectrosaurus
4407:
4406:
4403:
4399:
4396:
4393:
4388:
4378:
4377:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4329:
4328:
4327:Tanycolagreus
4324:
4322:
4321:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4307:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4190:Bahariasaurus
4187:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4162:Coelurosauria
4158:
4154:
4150:
4149:Coelurosauria
4145:
4141:
4131:
4126:
4124:
4119:
4112:
4106:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4073:Coelurosauria
4070:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4004:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3950:Bahariasaurus
3947:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3790:Kelmayisaurus
3787:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3626:
3625:
3624:Saurophaganax
3621:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3578:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3555:Siamotyrannus
3552:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3441:Allosauroidea
3437:
3430:
3429:
3428:Spinosauridae
3425:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3387:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3339:
3335:
3325:
3320:
3318:
3311:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3173:Spinosaurinae
3170:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3151:Riparovenator
3148:
3146:
3145:
3144:Ceratosuchops
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3108:Riojavenatrix
3105:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3081:Baryonychinae
3078:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3033:Spinosauridae
3029:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2957:Wiehenvenator
2954:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2869:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2693:Chienkosaurus
2690:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2484:Furileusauria
2481:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2458:Rahiolisaurus
2455:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2374:Carnotaurinae
2371:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2355:Rahiolisaurus
2352:
2350:
2349:
2348:Majungasaurus
2345:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2285:Tarascosaurus
2282:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2243:Eoabelisaurus
2240:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2228:Chenanisaurus
2225:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2214:Abelisauridae
2210:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2173:Masiakasaurus
2170:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2139:Huinculsaurus
2136:
2134:
2133:
2132:Elaphrosaurus
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2051:Austrocheirus
2048:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1972:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1903:Berberosaurus
1900:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1881:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1821:
1815:
1792:
1791:
1790:Halticosaurus
1787:
1785:
1784:
1783:Teinurosaurus
1780:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1710:Megapnosaurus
1707:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1680:Coelophysidae
1677:
1671:
1670:
1669:Powellvenator
1666:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1559:Liliensternus
1556:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1530:Dolichosuchus
1527:
1525:
1524:
1523:Dilophosaurus
1520:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1505:
1498:
1497:
1496:Herrerasauria
1493:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1449:Daemonosaurus
1446:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1232:Palaeontology
1229:
1222:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1158:Palaeontology
1155:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1123:10.1038/44999
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1092:
1085:
1079:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1018:
1009:
1004:
1000:
996:
989:
980:
975:
971:
967:
963:
956:
954:
945:
941:
937:
933:
925:
919:
916:
910:
908:
903:
894:
891:
890:
879:
878:
870:
869:
861:
860:
852:
851:
843:
842:
834:
833:
830:
829:
828:
821:
820:
817:
816:
813:
812:
811:
804:
803:
792:
791:
788:
787:
784:
783:
782:
781:Struthiomimus
775:
774:
763:
762:
759:
758:
750:
749:
746:
745:
744:
737:
736:
733:
732:
729:
728:
727:
720:
719:
713:
712:
701:
700:
697:
696:
693:
692:
691:
684:
683:
672:
671:
668:
667:
664:
663:
662:
655:
654:
648:
645:
644:
640:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
622:Coelurosauria
619:
615:
611:
607:
597:
595:
591:
590:Edmontosaurus
587:
582:
579:
575:
571:
567:
562:
559:
555:
545:
543:
542:
537:
536:dromaeosaurid
532:
529:
527:
523:
522:
518:of the genus
517:
516:scleral rings
507:
505:
501:
495:
493:
483:
481:
478:
474:
473:North America
470:
466:
462:
459:
455:
451:
448:
444:
440:
428:
423:
422:
420:
417:
413:
408:
407:
400:
398:
397:
396:Struthiomimus
390:
388:
387:
380:
378:
377:
370:
368:
367:
360:
358:
357:
350:
348:
347:
340:
338:
337:
330:
327:
326:
318:
316:
315:
308:
306:
305:
298:
296:
295:
288:
287:
285:
280:
273:
272:
264:
261:
257:
250:
244:
241:
240:
237:
231:
229:Superfamily:
228:
227:
224:
218:
215:
212:
211:
208:
205:
202:
199:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
137:
132:
128:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
105:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
37:
30:
24:Ornithomimids
22:
19:
5480:
5444:
5373:
5366:
5359:
5352:
5345:
5340:Ornithomimus
5338:
5331:
5324:
5317:
5310:
5303:
5296:
5288:
5278:Tyrannomimus
5276:
5268:
5260:
5253:
5248:Deinocheirus
5246:
5239:
5219:
5212:
5205:
5181:
5173:
5168:Nqwebasaurus
5166:
5161:Nedcolbertia
5159:
5152:
5145:
5139:Calamosaurus
5137:
5131:Aviatyrannis
5129:
5122:
5097:
5067:
5060:
5053:
5045:
5038:
5031:
5024:
5016:
5011:Aristosuchus
5009:
5003:Aniksosaurus
5001:
4983:Aniksosaurus
4981:
4951:
4944:
4936:
4882:
4847:
4840:
4833:
4826:
4752:
4745:
4738:
4718:
4711:
4703:
4698:Dynamoterror
4696:
4676:
4669:
4649:
4642:
4622:
4617:Asiatyrannus
4615:
4591:
4584:
4555:Dryptosaurus
4553:
4546:
4539:
4508:
4501:
4494:
4486:
4479:
4472:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4446:Jinbeisaurus
4444:
4437:
4430:
4422:
4417:Aviatyrannis
4415:
4408:
4374:
4369:Sinotyrannus
4367:
4360:
4353:
4346:
4325:
4318:
4296:
4289:
4248:
4241:
4234:
4226:
4219:
4211:
4203:
4198:Bicentenaria
4196:
4188:
4183:Asiamericana
4181:
4174:
4115:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4014:
3993:
3985:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3958:Deltadromeus
3956:
3948:
3941:
3890:Tyrannotitan
3888:
3881:
3874:
3867:
3847:
3823:
3818:Taurovenator
3816:
3809:
3802:
3797:Lajasvenator
3795:
3788:
3781:
3776:Concavenator
3774:
3766:
3759:
3734:
3726:
3719:
3711:
3703:
3683:
3676:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3622:
3614:
3606:
3599:
3592:Allosauridae
3560:
3553:
3548:Shidaisaurus
3546:
3539:
3532:
3512:
3504:
3479:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3426:
3418:
3410:
3403:
3376:
3368:
3356:Avetheropoda
3343:Avetheropoda
3314:
3273:Avetheropoda
3240:
3233:
3226:Spinosaurini
3213:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3184:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3121:
3113:
3106:
3101:Protathlitis
3099:
3092:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3045:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2991:Leshansaurus
2989:
2982:
2975:
2955:
2948:
2943:Megalosaurus
2941:
2936:Duriavenator
2934:
2914:
2889:
2873:Megalosauria
2854:
2847:
2842:Marshosaurus
2840:
2835:Condorraptor
2833:
2813:
2772:
2765:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2716:Cruxicheiros
2714:
2707:
2699:
2691:
2683:
2548:
2543:Quilmesaurus
2541:
2534:
2527:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2471:
2464:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2406:
2395:Brachyrostra
2381:
2361:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2324:
2317:
2297:
2292:Tralkasaurus
2290:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2233:
2226:
2194:Vespersaurus
2192:
2187:Velocisaurus
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2088:
2082:Deltadromeus
2080:
2072:
2066:Compsosuchus
2064:
2057:
2049:
2041:
2016:
2008:
2002:Lametasaurus
2000:
1992:
1958:
1953:Ceratosaurus
1951:
1931:
1923:
1916:
1908:
1901:
1885:Ceratosauria
1870:
1863:
1788:
1781:
1739:
1731:
1724:
1716:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1667:
1662:Podokesaurus
1660:
1653:
1646:
1638:
1614:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1545:Gojirasaurus
1543:
1538:Dracovenator
1536:
1528:
1521:
1509:Neotheropoda
1494:
1486:
1478:
1472:Guaibasaurus
1470:
1463:
1455:
1447:
1441:Chindesaurus
1439:
1329:
1320:
1235:
1231:
1221:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1091:
1083:
1078:
1068:
1027:
1023:
1017:
998:
988:
969:
965:
935:
931:
924:
914:
827:Ornithomimus
825:
824:
808:
807:
779:
778:
741:
740:
724:
723:
688:
687:
659:
658:
646:
638:
603:
593:
589:
585:
583:
574:Ornithomimus
573:
569:
565:
563:
551:
539:
533:
530:
521:Ornithomimus
519:
513:
500:coelurosaurs
496:
489:
438:
437:
404:
394:
384:
374:
364:
356:Ornithomimus
354:
344:
334:
323:
312:
302:
292:
269:
260:Type species
248:
213:
200:
187:
174:
118:Ornithomimus
116:
18:
5505:Wikispecies
5405:Maniraptora
5394:Maniraptora
5375:Tototlmimus
5305:Anserimimus
5255:Garudimimus
5241:Beishanlong
5183:Valdoraptor
5124:Arkansaurus
5069:Xunmenglong
4946:Juravenator
4740:Tarbosaurus
4624:Nanuqsaurus
4593:Gorgosaurus
4510:Megaraptora
4496:Timurlengia
4228:Sciurumimus
4176:Aratasaurus
4044:Murusraptor
3966:Fukuiraptor
3929:Megaraptora
3811:Shaochilong
3783:Eocarcharia
3736:Megaraptora
3656:Lusovenator
3534:Alpkarakush
3391:Carnosauria
3242:Spinosaurus
3215:Siamosaurus
3115:Suchosaurus
3062:Iberospinus
2998:Magnosaurus
2977:Afrovenator
2950:Torvosaurus
2701:Chilesaurus
2514:Carnotaurus
2507:Caletodraco
2493:Abelisaurus
2319:Arcovenator
2166:Laevisuchus
2157:Noasaurinae
2059:Berthasaura
2030:Noasauridae
1960:Genyodectes
1925:Lukousaurus
1918:Jubbulpuria
1718:Panguraptor
1696:Coelophysis
1689:Camposaurus
1648:Panguraptor
1640:Dracoraptor
1616:Zupaysaurus
1601:Tachiraptor
1580:Sarcosaurus
1480:Nhandumirim
610:ornithopods
554:gastroliths
486:Description
406:Tototlmimus
325:Coelosaurus
304:Anserimimus
276:Marsh, 1890
253:Marsh, 1890
34:96–66
5603:Categories
5333:Gallimimus
5262:Harpymimus
5207:Harpymimus
4828:Iliosuchus
4798:see below↓
4635:Alioramini
4453:Juratyrant
4439:Eotyrannus
4424:Bagaraatan
4376:Yutyrannus
4310:Coeluridae
4236:Vayuraptor
4082:see below↓
4058:Tratayenia
4051:Orkoraptor
4037:Megaraptor
3943:Aoniraptor
3876:Mapusaurus
3804:Sauroniops
3768:Altispinax
3721:Neovenator
3663:Siamraptor
3649:Datanglong
3616:Epanterias
3608:Antrodemus
3601:Allosaurus
3582:Allosauria
3405:Altispinax
3370:Gasosaurus
3282:see below↓
3158:Suchomimus
2759:Sinosaurus
2594:see below↓
2550:Viavenator
2500:Aucasaurus
2437:Ilokelesia
2408:Dahalokely
2363:Rajasaurus
2341:Indosaurus
2334:Genusaurus
2326:Dahalokely
2250:Indosuchus
2146:Limusaurus
2105:Ligabueino
2098:Kiyacursor
2090:Genusaurus
2074:Dahalokely
1994:Betasuchus
1865:Dornraptor
1765:see below↓
1741:Segisaurus
1594:Sinosaurus
1457:Eodromaeus
1386:see below↓
1334:Dinosauria
1316:Sauropsida
1164:: 643–677.
938:(2): 213.
899:References
743:Gallimimus
606:O.C. Marsh
594:Gallimimus
570:Gallimimus
526:cathemeral
441:(meaning "
346:Gallimimus
282:Subgroups
194:Saurischia
181:Dinosauria
5593:Dinosaurs
5409:includes
5354:Rativates
5347:Qiupalong
5047:Scipionyx
5040:Mirischia
4713:Lythronax
4705:Labocania
4644:Alioramus
4298:Labocania
4016:Aerosteon
3562:Sinraptor
3466:Erectopus
3201:Irritator
2786:Orionides
2671:Tetanurae
2658:Tetanurae
2585:Tetanurae
2521:Elemgasem
2444:Llukalkan
2423:Elemgasem
2180:Noasaurus
2043:Afromimus
1851:Averostra
1838:Averostra
1756:Averostra
1608:Velocipes
1427:Theropoda
1414:Theropoda
1377:Theropoda
1302:Kingdom:
1286:Theropoda
1131:0028-0836
972:: 49–62.
634:cladistic
614:theropods
604:Named by
504:feathered
454:ostriches
450:dinosaurs
376:Rativates
366:Qiupalong
207:Theropoda
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
5490:Wikidata
4938:Coelurus
4355:Kileskus
4348:Guanlong
4320:Coelurus
4213:Gualicho
3713:Gualicho
3094:Baryonyx
2430:Guemesia
2257:Kryptops
2018:Ozraptor
1655:Pendraig
1310:Chordata
1308:Phylum:
1304:Animalia
1205:11528466
1060:33253407
1052:21493820
887:See also
465:Laurasia
447:theropod
416:Synonyms
242:Family:
168:Chordata
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
5551:4129004
5538:4822888
5525:4433725
5496:Q131440
4488:Timimus
4250:Zuolong
3980:Rapator
3883:Meraxes
3208:Oxalaia
2529:Koleken
1552:Lepidus
1314:Class:
1213:4313779
1185:Bibcode
1139:4419729
1032:Bibcode
1024:Science
795:unnamed
766:unnamed
704:unnamed
675:unnamed
510:Biology
5579:Portal
5147:Hexing
4835:Kakuru
4432:Dilong
2473:Thanos
2451:Niebla
2271:Rugops
2264:Kurupi
1211:
1203:
1177:Nature
1137:
1129:
1111:Nature
1058:
1050:
586:et al.
566:et al.
461:Period
429:, 1972
427:Ostrom
5564:38539
5411:birds
4460:Moros
3987:Siats
3728:Siats
3670:Siats
1330:Clade
1321:Clade
1209:S2CID
1135:S2CID
1056:S2CID
578:mesic
492:beaks
467:(now
214:Clade
201:Clade
188:Clade
175:Clade
5533:GBIF
5403:see
4030:Maip
1488:Tawa
1363:see
1201:PMID
1127:ISSN
1048:PMID
548:Diet
471:and
469:Asia
443:bird
42:PreꞒ
5520:EoL
1240:doi
1193:doi
1181:412
1119:doi
1115:402
1040:doi
1028:332
1003:doi
974:doi
940:doi
463:of
5605::
5561::
5548::
5535::
5522::
5507::
5492::
1332::
1323::
1236:48
1234:.
1230:.
1207:.
1199:.
1191:.
1179:.
1162:28
1160:.
1133:.
1125:.
1113:.
1109:.
1054:.
1046:.
1038:.
1026:.
1001:.
997:.
970:58
968:.
964:.
952:^
936:32
934:.
906:^
494:.
216::
203::
190::
177::
125:.
92:Pg
36:Ma
31:,
5581::
5273:?
5265:?
5178:?
5142:?
5134:?
5102:?
5050:?
5021:?
5006:?
4941:?
4708:?
4513:?
4491:?
4427:?
4330:?
4312:?
4301:?
4231:?
4216:?
4208:?
4193:?
3997:?
3989:?
3961:?
3953:?
3931:?
3771:?
3739:?
3731:?
3716:?
3708:?
3673:?
3627:?
3619:?
3611:?
3509:?
3484:?
3476:?
3431:?
3423:?
3415:?
3381:?
3373:?
3189:?
3126:?
3118:?
3072:?
3050:?
3015:?
2894:?
2859:?
2762:?
2719:?
2704:?
2696:?
2688:?
2524:?
2461:?
2411:?
2386:?
2358:?
2329:?
2238:?
2093:?
2085:?
2077:?
2069:?
2054:?
2046:?
2021:?
2013:?
2005:?
1997:?
1928:?
1913:?
1875:?
1736:?
1721:?
1713:?
1643:?
1611:?
1533:?
1499:?
1491:?
1483:?
1475:?
1460:?
1452:?
1444:?
1278:e
1271:t
1264:v
1248:.
1242::
1215:.
1195::
1187::
1141:.
1121::
1062:.
1042::
1034::
1011:.
1005::
982:.
976::
946:.
942::
538:(
402:†
392:†
382:†
372:†
362:†
352:†
342:†
332:†
328:"
322:"
320:†
310:†
300:†
290:†
267:†
246:†
233:†
220:†
97:N
87:K
82:J
77:T
72:P
67:C
62:D
57:S
52:O
47:Ꞓ
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