44:
53:
114:
1198:
89:
1151:, with dominant males having higher levels of the hormone. Thus, selection has favored larger sperm production with more successful males. Similarly, dominant males have both the best territory in terms of resources and the greatest access to mates. Furthermore, visual communication between Nile tilapia mates both stimulates and modulates reproductive behavior between partners such as courtship, spawning frequency, and nest building.
810:
1262:
1189:(yolk deposition) to increase the survival rate of one's own young. The size of spawned eggs correlates directly with advantages concerning hatching time, growth, survival, and onset of feeding, since increased egg size means increased nutrients for the developing young. Thus, one of the reasons behind a delayed interspawning period by female Nile tilapia may be for the benefit of offspring survival.
1053:, it exhibits a behavioral response to light as a main factor contributing to feeding activity. Due to its fast reproductive rate, however, overpopulation often results within groups of Nile tilapia. To obtain the necessary nutrients, night feeding may also occur due to competition for food during daylight. A recent study found evidence that, contrary to popular belief, size
1105:, dominance between the males is established first through noncontact displays such as lateral display and tail beats. Unsuccessful attempts to reconcile the hierarchy results in contact fighting to inflict injuries. Nile tilapia have been observed to modify their fighting behavior based upon experiences during development. Thus, experience in a certain form of
1109:
results in differential aggressiveness among individuals. Once the social hierarchy is established within a group, the dominant males enjoy the benefits of both increased access to food and an increased number of mates. However, social interactions between males in the presence of females results in
792:
water, but is unable to survive long-term in full salt water. The species has been recorded at water temperatures between 8 and 42 °C (46 and 108 °F), although typically above 13.5 °C (56.5 °F), and the upper lethal limit usually is at 39–40 °C (102–104 °F). Also, some
1177:
or eggs are carried in the mouth of the mother for a period of 12 days. Sometimes, the mother pushes the young back into her mouth if she believes they are not ready for the outside. Nile tilapias also demonstrate parental care in times of danger. When approached by a danger, the young often swim
1142:
by a female extends the interspawning period, female tilapia that abandon their young to the care of a male gain this advantage of increased interspawning periods. One of the possible purposes behind this mechanism is to increase the reproductive advantage of females that do not have to care for
1134:
is likely to occur among different generations due to differential male reproductive success. Perhaps driven by reproductive competition, tilapias reproduce within a few months after birth. The relatively young age of sexual maturation within Nile tilapia leads to high birth and turnover rates.
1448:
grows faster and reaches bigger sizes in a given time. The littoral areas of
Kelavarappalli Reservoir are full of nests of Nile tilapia and they breed during south-west monsoon (July–September). The fish mainly feed on detritus. Zooplankton, phytoplankton, and macrophytes also were recorded
1182:. Thus, parental-offspring conflict can be observed through the costs and benefits of mouthbrooding. Protection of the young ensures passage of an individual's genes into the future generations, but caring for the young also reduces an individual's own reproductive fitness.
1057:
between the sexes results from differential food conversion efficiency rather than different amounts of food consumed. Hence, although males and females eat equal amounts of food, males tend to grow larger due to a higher efficiency of converting food to body
734:, threatening the native ecosystems and species. However, some introduced populations historically labelled as Nile tilapia either are hybrids or another species; the Nile tilapia and blue tilapia especially often have been confused.In
1135:
Consequently, the rapid reproductive rate of individuals can actually have a negative impact on growth rate, leading to the appearance of stunted tilapia as a result of a reduction in somatic growth in favor of sexual maturation.
1874:
Nagl, Sandra; Tichy, Herbert; Mayer, Werner E.; Samonte, Irene E.; McAndrew, Brendan J.; Klein, Jan (2001). "Classification and
Phylogenetic Relationships of African Tilapiine Fishes Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Sequences".
793:
variations occur depending on the population. For example, those in the northern part of its range survive down to the coldest temperatures, while isolated populations in hot springs in the Awash basin and at
1178:
back into the protection of their mother's mouth. However, mouthbrooding leads to significant metabolic modifications for the parents, usually the mother, as reflected by fluctuations in body weight and low
2178:
Pfennig, F.; Kurth, T.; Meissner, S.; Standke, A.; Hoppe, M.; Zieschang, F.; Reitmayer, C.; Gobel, A.; Kretzschmar, G.; Gutzeit, H. O. (26 October 2011). "The social status of the male Nile tilapia
1169:, oral incubation of the eggs and larvae. Similar to other tilapia, Nile tilapia are maternal mouthbrooders and extensive care is, therefore, provided almost exclusively by the female. After
1130:
amongst the males lead to large variations in reproductive success for individuals in a group. The genetic consequence of such behavior is reduced genetic variability in the long run, as
585:
overall, often with indistinct banding on their body, and the tail is vertically striped. When breeding, males become reddish, especially on their fins. It is commonly confused with the
1253:
hybrids are usually rather dark, but a light-colored hybrid breed known as "Rocky
Mountain White" tilapia is often grown due to its very light flesh and tolerance of low temperatures.
571:
The Nile tilapia reaches up to 60 cm (24 in) in length, and can exceed 5 kg (11 lb). As typical of tilapia, males reach a larger size and grow faster than females.
2065:
Fessehaye, Yonas; El-bialy, Zizy; Rezk, Mahmoud A.; Crooijmans, Richard; Bovenhuis, Henk; Komen, Hans (15 June 2006). "Mating systems and male reproductive success in Nile tilapia
2400:
Feroz Khan, M.; Panikkar, Preetha (2009). "Assessment of impacts of invasive fishes on the food web structure and ecosystem properties of a tropical reservoir in India".
1738:
Neumann, D.; H. Obermaier; T. Moritz (2016). "Annotated checklist for fishes of the Main Nile Basin in the Sudan and Egypt based on recent specimen records (2006-2015)".
1223:
and commonly featured in their art (paintings and sculptures). This includes a 4000-year-old tomb illustration that shows them in man-made ponds, likely an early form of
615:
1449:
occasionally from the gut of Nile tilapia. The demand is heavy, especially from local poor people, as this fish is affordable to the lowest income group in this area.
1231:
Nile tilapia are not farmed very often because the dark color of their flesh is undesirable for many customers, and because of the reputation the fish has as being a
1098:. Although males settle down in their crafted nesting zones, females travel between zones to find mates, resulting in competition between the males for females.
1774:"Molecular phylogeny of Oreochromis (Cichlidae: Oreochromini) reveals mito-nuclear discordance and multiple colonisation of adverse aquatic environments"
399:
1822:
1929:
TOGUYENI, A; FAUCONNEAU, B; BOUJARD, T; FOSTIER, A; KUHN, E; MOL, K; BAROILLER, J (1 August 1997). "Feeding behaviour and food utilisation in tilapia,
1143:
young, allowing them more opportunities to spawn. For males, reproductive advantage goes to the more dominant males. Males have differential levels of
2147:
Tacon, P. (1 November 1996). "Relationships between the expression of maternal behaviour and ovarian development in the mouthbrooding cichlid fish
2319:
797:
generally live in waters that are at least 32–33 °C (90–91 °F). Although Nile tilapia can survive down to relatively cold temperatures,
2648:
1597:"Growing, losing or introducing? Cage aquaculture as a vector for the introduction of non-native fish in Furnas Reservoir, Minas Gerais, Brazil"
2723:
982:
2813:
1138:
Female Nile tilapia, in the presence of other females either visually or chemically, exhibit shortened interspawning intervals. Although
613:, identifying them using the standard features that can be used in the wild, natural types is often not possible. The virtually unknown
1571:
2609:
597:(this edge is gray or black in Nile tilapia), and males are bluish overall when breeding. The two species can also be separated by
2674:
2454:
1628:
Ibrahim, A. A.; El-Zanfaly, H. T. (1980). "Boulti (Tilapia nilotica Linn.) fish paste 1. Preparation and chemical composition".
2749:
17:
2679:
2450:
1185:
Since female Nile tilapia exhibiting parental care show extended interspawning periods, one of the benefits is slowing down
873:
2838:
2295:
1444:
In India, Nile tilapia is the most dominant fish in some of the South Indian reservoirs and available throughout the year.
2337:
2575:
2785:
2622:
1381:, and probably the most common in regions far from the coast. It is generally either battered and pan-fried whole (
1349:
of Japan (later
Emperor Akihito). The king raised them in a pond at the fish farm project in the area of the Royal
1334:), has darker flesh and is commonly either salted and grilled or deep-fried, and it can also be steamed with lime (
2833:
2828:
2728:
2588:
2522:
229:
619:
has a plain tail, but otherwise closely resembles (and may only be a variant of) the Nile tilapia. Regardless,
2320:
https://web.archive.org/web/20170623071944/http://www.fishtech.mju.ac.th/FishNew1/OSS/files/ByBUzsfTue53948.pdf
2034:
Barki, Assaf; Gilson L. Volpato (October 1998). "Early social environment and the fighting behaviour of young
1243:("red") breeds which have lighter meat have been developed to counter the consumer distaste for darker meat.
2217:
2661:
2544:
2549:
113:
2361:
1683:
627:
has disappeared, although similar-looking individuals (perhaps the same) are known from the vicinity.
2790:
2098:
1524:
1773:
2238:
Rana, Kausik J. (1986). "Parental influences on egg quality, fry production and fry performance in
1858:
1414:, Nile tilapia is commonly fried, grilled or baked with vegetables herbs and spices and eaten with
2715:
2099:
Peña-Mendoza, B.; J. L. Gómez-Márquez; I. H. Salgado-Ugarte; D. Ramírez-Noguera (September 2005).
2257:
Soliman, N.F.; D.M.M. Yacout (2016). "Aquaculture in Egypt: status, constraints and potentials".
1102:
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43:
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higher energy expenditures as a consequence of courtship displays and sexual competition.
8:
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78:
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1978:
1958:
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108:
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2082:
1979:
Castro, A.L.S.; Gonçalves-de-Freitas, E.; Volpato, G.L.; Oliveira, C. (1 April 2009).
1946:
1441:
Tilapia, often farmed, is a popular and common supermarket fish in the United States.
973:
seem to belong to this species, too. An undescribed population found at, for example,
2762:
2557:
2376:[“Nile tilapia”, a fish bestowed by Rama IX, provides food for Thai people].
2199:
2126:
2016:
1950:
1892:
1830:
1808:
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1645:
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251:
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2006:
1996:
1942:
1884:
1788:
1751:
1747:
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1608:
1519:
1461:— a similar-named but different fish that grows much larger and is highly predatory
1378:
1246:
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1039:
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610:
606:
69:
2736:
2322:
1401:
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1374:
1148:
1083:
1045:
The Nile tilapia typically feeds during daytime, which suggests that, similar to
683:
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52:
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pilafs. It is also baked in the oven with tahini sauce drizzled over it with
1330:
1318:
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165:
2741:
1954:
1649:
1341:
They were first brought to
Thailand in the amount of 50 as a gift to King
2710:
2635:
2516:
2473:
Aquaculture. the
Farming and Husbandry of Freshwater and Marine Organisms
1928:
1299:
1224:
1161:
1071:
754:
691:
671:
651:
185:
2195:
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are built predominantly by males through mouth digging to become future
2614:
2177:
2011:
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1232:
1131:
1027:
1015:
1003:
974:
828:
743:
739:
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2640:
1860:
Tilapiine Fishes of the genera
Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia
1500:
Diallo, I.; Snoeks, J.; Freyhof, J.; Geelhand, D.; Hughes, A. (2020).
1038:. However, when introduced outside its native range, it often becomes
801:
generally only occurs when the water reaches 24 °C (75 °F).
593:); that species lacks the striped tail pattern, has a red edge to the
2323:
Management
Guidelines of Red Tilapia Culture in Cages, Trang Province
1431:
1358:
1240:
1228:
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125:
60:
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1711:
1681:
2596:
2501:
1933:: Effect of sex ratio and relationship with the endocrine status".
1913:
1580:
1170:
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of a brood within a nest made by the male. In such an arrangement,
1119:
1019:
820:
809:
789:
785:
578:
410:
145:
543:
exist outside its natural range. It is also commercially known as
2105:(Perciformes: Cichlidae) at Emiliano Zapata dam, Morelos, Mexico"
1361:
fish", and also refers to the Nile River, their original source.
1346:
1219:
Tilapia, likely the Nile tilapia, was well known as food fish in
1031:
757:
643:
582:
536:
520:
516:
175:
2754:
1737:
1716:. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database
1261:
827:, several distinctive populations often are recognized as valid
1981:"Visual communication stimulates reproduction in Nile tilapia,
1595:
Azevedo-Santos, V.M.; O. Rigolin-Sá; and F.M. Pelicice (2011).
1435:
1423:
1419:
1411:
1075:
1059:
1050:
1035:
765:
719:
699:
639:
532:
528:
524:
135:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1094:. Like other fish, Nile tilapia travel almost exclusively in
1427:
1046:
1023:
1011:
915:
While the species is overall very widespread and common, the
769:
761:
735:
624:
1074:
in which the dominant males have priority for both food and
623:
might be extinct, as its only known habitat in northeastern
1476:
1415:
1404:
1377:, is (being native to Egypt) among the most common fish in
1303:
1079:
916:
777:
773:
715:
702:, it is native to coastal river basins. It has been widely
659:
2256:
1118:
Typical of most fish, Nile tilapia reproduce through mass
750:
and has become a threat to the native fish species hence.
2374:""ปลานิล" ปลาพระราชทานจากรัชกาลที่ 9 สร้างอาหารแก่คนไทย"
1407:
cooked with onions and other seasonings to turn it red.
1006:
tendencies, especially when young. They mostly feed on
2033:
1403:). Like other fish in Egypt, is generally served with
1873:
1353:. In addition, he also gave them a Thai common name,
2290:
2288:
1989:
Brazilian
Journal of Medical and Biological Research
1686:. Food and Agriculture Organization, United Nations
788:of 1,830 m (6,000 ft). It also occurs in
2399:
2182:influences testis structure and gene expression".
1235:. However, they are fast-growing and produce good
1018:also are important. Other recorded food items are
2285:
1823:"A second coming for Tilapia in south Tamil Nadu"
1712:Nico, L.G.; P.J. Schofield; M.E. Neilson (2019).
1682:Nico, L.G.; P.J. Schofield; M.E. Neilson (2019).
1627:
1205:amulet in the shape of a tilapia hieroglyph from
1030:, making it a possible tool in the fight against
2805:
2469:Bardach, J.E.; Ryther, J.H. & McLarney, W.O.
2142:
2140:
1525:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T166975A134879289.en
893:– Karpeddo soda springs at Suguta River in Kenya
2094:
2092:
2069:in breeding hapas: A microsatellite analysis".
1357:which literally translates to "black fish" or "
1306:fish". This type of tilapia is very popular in
753:The Nile tilapia can be found in most types of
1903:
638:The Nile tilapia is native to larger parts of
630:Nile tilapia can live for more than 10 years.
2171:
2137:
1733:
1731:
1310:, where it is prepared in a variety of ways.
2210:
2089:
1853:
1847:
1771:
1393:
1382:
1365:
1345:(Rama IX) on March 25, 1965 by Crown Prince
1273:The red-hybrid Nile tilapia is known in the
1086:. These nests often become sites of intense
2250:
1910:"Nile tilapia can fight malaria mosquitoes"
1562:
730:. In these places, it often becomes highly
1924:
1922:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1728:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1249:stock is also used in aquaculture; Nile ×
87:
51:
42:
2242:(Linnaeus) and O. mossambicus (Peters)".
2120:
2010:
2000:
1974:
1972:
1612:
1523:
2231:
1867:
1714:"Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)"
1684:"Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)"
1438:and flavored with sumac and dried mint.
1260:
1196:
1070:Groups of Nile tilapia establish social
884:– hot springs in Awash basin in Ethiopia
808:
2455:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1919:
1758:
1566:
1539:
1165:typically care for their young through
14:
2806:
2058:
1969:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1630:Zeitschrift für Ernährungswissenschaft
1065:
1042:, threatening more localized species.
738:, especially in the southern state of
2483:
2482:
2146:
2027:
1877:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1329:
1293:
742:, the Nile Tilapia was introduced by
2589:4342bd97-6f40-4973-a383-6efb8243bbe6
2237:
1313:The black-and-white-striped tilapia
1173:in a nest made by a male, the young
911:– Lake Turkana in Ethiopia and Kenya
706:elsewhere, both in Africa and other
633:
605:and introduced around the world are
2814:IUCN Red List least concern species
1698:
1511:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1394:
1383:
1366:
372:Oreochromis cancellatus cancellatus
24:
2443:
1772:Ford, A.G.P.; et al. (2019).
1664:
461:Oreochromis niloticus baringoensis
25:
2850:
2423:
2083:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.02.024
1863:. Natural History Museum, London.
380:Oreochromis niloticus cancellatus
345:Oreochromis niloticus eduardianus
1154:
1014:, and in some populations other
112:
2414:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.05.020
2393:
2366:
2355:
2330:
2313:
2002:10.1590/S0100-879X2009000400009
1614:10.1590/S1679-62252011000400024
1159:Species belonging to the genus
1113:
291:Oreochromis niloticus niloticus
1815:
1621:
1588:
1192:
985:seems to be a close relative.
566:
485:Oreochromis niloticus sugutae
13:
1:
2165:10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01389-0
1947:10.1016/S0031-9384(97)00114-5
1470:
1101:Like other tilapias, such as
998:The Nile tilapia is mostly a
804:
477:Oreochromis cancellatus filoa
445:Oreochromis niloticus vulcani
2109:Revista de Biología Tropical
1752:10.26028/cybium/2016-404-004
900:Seyoum & Kornfield, 1992
496:Seyoum & Kornfield, 1992
469:Oreochromis niloticus filoa
7:
2839:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1793:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.008
1452:
1269:on a table at a Thai market
988:
874:Albertine Rift Valley lakes
650:. It is native to tropical
388:Tilapia nilotica cancellata
353:Tilapia nilotica eduardiana
10:
2855:
2338:"Recipes for Thaptim Fish"
2122:10.15517/rbt.v53i3-4.14666
2052:10.1163/156853998792640332
1295:[plaːtʰap̚˦˥.tʰim]
1256:
1212:
993:
601:. Because many tilapia in
493:Oreochromis niloticus tana
2491:
2362:Fish breeding in Thailand
2271:10.1007/s10499-016-9989-9
2259:Aquaculture International
2101:"Reproductive biology of
1935:Physiology & Behavior
1322:
1286:
1227:. In modern aquaculture,
1147:hormones responsible for
957:The forms referred to as
863:– Awash basin in Ethiopia
823:considers the species as
547:(not to be confused with
315:Tilapia nilotica nilotica
244:
237:
214:
207:
109:Scientific classification
107:
85:
76:
59:
50:
41:
36:
2475:. John Wiley & Sons.
1584:. November 2015 version.
1570:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
841:– most of species' range
662:system, including lakes
2451:"Oreochromis niloticus"
2435:genome assembly in the
2180:(Oreochromis niloticus)
2067:(Oreochromis niloticus)
1601:Neotropical Ichthyology
1518:: e.T166975A134879289.
902:– Lake Tana in Ethiopia
658:basin, and much of the
418:Tilapia nilotica regani
2834:Fish described in 1758
2829:Fish of Lake Nicaragua
2244:University of Stirling
2038:(Pisces, Cichlidae)".
1889:10.1006/mpev.2001.0979
1270:
1215:Aquaculture of tilapia
1210:
946:A population found in
816:
553:Sarotherodon galilaeus
541:introduced populations
299:Sarotherodon niloticus
2537:Oreochromis_niloticus
2523:Oreochromis niloticus
2493:Oreochromis niloticus
2382:(in Thai). 2016-10-19
2240:Oreochromis niloticus
2220:Oreochromis niloticus
2149:Oreochromis Niloticus
2103:Oreochromis niloticus
2036:Oreochromis niloticus
1983:Oreochromis niloticus
1931:Oreochromis Niloticus
1781:Mol. Phylogenet. Evol
1574:Oreochromis niloticus
1504:Oreochromis niloticus
1364:Nile tilapia, called
1264:
1200:
1026:, including those of
812:
512:Oreochromis niloticus
218:Oreochromis niloticus
18:Oreochromis niloticus
2584:Fauna Europaea (new)
2402:Ecological Modelling
1392:) or grilled whole (
1203:Egyptian New Kingdom
710:, including tens of
283:Oreochromis nilotica
2437:UCSC Genome Browser
2196:10.1530/REP-11-0292
1434:, sweet peppers or
1336:pla nin nueng manao
1140:parental investment
1066:Social organization
1022:and aquatic insect
780:, and ranging from
678:, as well as lakes
523:native to parts of
453:Oreochromis vulcani
248:Tilapia crassispina
79:Conservation status
1642:10.1007/BF02018780
1343:Bhumibol Adulyadej
1271:
1211:
1128:sexual competition
1107:agonistic behavior
1103:Mozambique tilapia
921:O. n. baringoensis
845:O. n. baringoensis
817:
646:and almost all of
577:Nile tilapias are
575:Wild, natural-type
515:) is a species of
361:Tilapia cancellata
334:Tilapia eduardiana
2801:
2800:
2763:Open Tree of Life
2485:Taxon identifiers
2408:(18): 2281–2290.
1465:Fishing in Israel
1351:Chitralada Palace
1331:[plaːnin]
1088:courtship rituals
950:appears to be an
910:
901:
892:
883:
871:
870:(Boulenger, 1912)
867:O. n. eduardianus
862:
858:O. n. cancellatus
849:
840:
634:Range and habitat
503:
502:
497:
489:
481:
473:
465:
457:
449:
441:
433:
422:
414:
403:
392:
384:
376:
368:
357:
349:
348:(Boulenger, 1912)
341:
330:
323:Chromis guentheri
319:
311:
303:
295:
287:
279:
275:Chromis niloticus
271:
263:
255:
200:O. niloticus
102:
16:(Redirected from
2846:
2794:
2793:
2781:
2780:
2771:
2770:
2758:
2757:
2745:
2744:
2732:
2731:
2719:
2718:
2706:
2705:
2696:
2695:
2683:
2682:
2670:
2669:
2657:
2656:
2644:
2643:
2631:
2630:
2618:
2617:
2605:
2604:
2592:
2591:
2579:
2578:
2566:
2565:
2553:
2552:
2540:
2539:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2480:
2479:
2470:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2418:
2417:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2370:
2364:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2340:. Archived from
2334:
2328:
2327:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2298:. Archived from
2292:
2283:
2282:
2265:(5): 1201–1227.
2254:
2248:
2247:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2159:(3–4): 261–275.
2144:
2135:
2134:
2124:
2115:(3/4): 515–522.
2096:
2087:
2086:
2077:(1–4): 148–158.
2062:
2056:
2055:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2014:
2004:
1976:
1967:
1966:
1926:
1917:
1916:, 8 August 2007.
1907:
1901:
1900:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1778:
1769:
1756:
1755:
1735:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1709:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1679:
1662:
1661:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1564:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1497:
1397:
1396:
1386:
1385:
1379:Egyptian cuisine
1369:
1368:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1297:
1292:
1288:
908:
899:
890:
881:
869:
860:
847:
839:(Linnaeus, 1758)
838:
621:O. ismailiaensis
616:O. ismailiaensis
609:variants and/or
607:selectively bred
495:
487:
479:
471:
463:
456:(Trewavas, 1933)
455:
448:(Trewavas, 1933)
447:
439:
428:
420:
409:
398:
396:Tilapia calciati
390:
382:
374:
363:
355:
347:
336:
325:
318:(Linnaeus, 1758)
317:
310:(Linnaeus, 1758)
309:
307:Tilapia nilotica
302:(Linnaeus, 1758)
301:
294:(Linnaeus, 1758)
293:
286:(Linnaeus, 1758)
285:
278:(Linnaeus, 1758)
277:
270:(Linnaeus, 1758)
269:
267:Chromis nilotica
261:
250:
220:
117:
116:
96:
91:
90:
68:type (likely of
55:
46:
34:
33:
21:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2789:
2784:
2776:
2774:
2766:
2761:
2753:
2748:
2740:
2737:Observation.org
2735:
2727:
2722:
2714:
2709:
2701:
2699:
2691:
2686:
2678:
2673:
2665:
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2639:
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2608:
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2595:
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2569:
2561:
2556:
2548:
2543:
2535:
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2521:
2520:
2515:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2487:
2468:
2459:
2457:
2449:
2446:
2444:Further reading
2426:
2421:
2398:
2394:
2385:
2383:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2360:
2356:
2347:
2345:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2318:
2314:
2305:
2303:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2255:
2251:
2236:
2232:
2224:
2222:(Nile tilapia)"
2216:
2215:
2211:
2176:
2172:
2145:
2138:
2097:
2090:
2063:
2059:
2032:
2028:
1977:
1970:
1927:
1920:
1908:
1904:
1872:
1868:
1852:
1848:
1839:
1837:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1776:
1770:
1759:
1736:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1710:
1699:
1689:
1687:
1680:
1665:
1626:
1622:
1593:
1589:
1565:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1498:
1477:
1473:
1455:
1326:
1290:
1259:
1217:
1195:
1157:
1149:spermatogenesis
1116:
1068:
996:
991:
861:(Nichols, 1923)
836:O. n. niloticus
814:O. n. niloticus
807:
648:Southern Africa
636:
569:
531:, particularly
437:Tilapia vulcani
426:Tilapia inducta
383:(Nichols, 1923)
375:(Nichols, 1923)
356:Boulenger, 1912
233:
222:
216:
203:
111:
103:
92:
88:
81:
64:
30:
29:Species of fish
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2852:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2782:
2772:
2759:
2746:
2733:
2720:
2707:
2697:
2684:
2671:
2658:
2645:
2632:
2619:
2606:
2593:
2580:
2571:Fauna Europaea
2567:
2554:
2541:
2528:
2513:
2497:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2477:
2476:
2466:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2425:
2424:External links
2422:
2420:
2419:
2392:
2365:
2354:
2329:
2312:
2284:
2249:
2230:
2209:
2170:
2136:
2088:
2057:
2046:(7): 913–929.
2026:
1995:(4): 368–374.
1968:
1941:(2): 273–279.
1918:
1902:
1883:(3): 361–374.
1866:
1846:
1829:. 2016-10-30.
1814:
1757:
1746:(4): 287–317.
1727:
1697:
1663:
1636:(3): 159–162.
1620:
1607:(4): 915–919.
1587:
1568:Froese, Rainer
1538:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1454:
1451:
1258:
1255:
1213:Main article:
1194:
1191:
1187:vitellogenesis
1156:
1153:
1124:territoriality
1115:
1112:
1084:spawning sites
1067:
1064:
995:
992:
990:
987:
941:data deficient
913:
912:
909:Trewavas, 1933
903:
894:
891:Trewavas, 1983
885:
882:Trewavas, 1983
876:
864:
855:
848:Trewavas, 1983
842:
806:
803:
748:Chief Minister
635:
632:
568:
565:
501:
500:
499:
498:
490:
488:Trewavas, 1983
482:
480:Trewavas, 1983
474:
472:Trewavas, 1983
466:
464:Trewavas, 1983
458:
450:
442:
440:Trewavas, 1933
434:
423:
415:
407:Tilapia regani
404:
393:
385:
377:
369:
358:
350:
342:
331:
320:
312:
304:
296:
288:
280:
272:
264:
262:Linnaeus, 1758
259:Perca nilotica
256:
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159:
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156:Actinopterygii
153:
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133:
129:
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119:
118:
105:
104:
86:
83:
82:
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73:
72:origin) below
57:
56:
48:
47:
39:
38:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2427:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2396:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2358:
2344:on 2009-09-10
2343:
2339:
2333:
2324:
2321:
2316:
2302:on 2012-10-16
2301:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2280:
2276:
2272:
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2264:
2260:
2253:
2245:
2241:
2234:
2223:
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2205:
2201:
2197:
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2174:
2166:
2162:
2158:
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2110:
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2076:
2072:
2068:
2061:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2030:
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2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1984:
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1973:
1964:
1960:
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1715:
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1602:
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1549:
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1526:
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1513:
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1507:
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1475:
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1463:
1460:
1457:
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1442:
1439:
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1433:
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1425:
1421:
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1402:
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1391:
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1376:
1372:
1362:
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1348:
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1339:
1337:
1332:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1275:Thai language
1268:
1263:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1221:Ancient Egypt
1216:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1190:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1167:mouthbrooding
1164:
1163:
1155:Parental care
1152:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1092:parental care
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1063:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1008:phytoplankton
1005:
1001:
986:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
955:
953:
949:
944:
942:
938:
934:
930:
929:O. n. sugutae
926:
922:
918:
907:
906:O. n. vulcani
904:
898:
895:
889:
888:O. n. sugutae
886:
880:
877:
875:
868:
865:
859:
856:
853:
846:
843:
837:
834:
833:
832:
830:
826:
822:
815:
811:
802:
800:
796:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
756:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
728:South America
725:
724:North America
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
631:
628:
626:
622:
618:
617:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
587:blue tilapita
584:
580:
576:
572:
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
549:mango tilapia
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
513:
508:
494:
491:
486:
483:
478:
475:
470:
467:
462:
459:
454:
451:
446:
443:
438:
435:
431:
427:
424:
419:
416:
412:
408:
405:
401:
397:
394:
391:Nichols, 1923
389:
386:
381:
378:
373:
370:
366:
362:
359:
354:
351:
346:
343:
339:
335:
332:
328:
324:
321:
316:
313:
308:
305:
300:
297:
292:
289:
284:
281:
276:
273:
268:
265:
260:
257:
253:
249:
246:
245:
243:
240:
236:
231:
227:
221:
219:
213:
210:
209:Binomial name
206:
202:
201:
196:
193:
192:
189:
188:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
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150:
147:
144:
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140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
115:
110:
106:
100:
95:
94:Least Concern
84:
80:
75:
71:
67:
62:
58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:Nile tilapia
35:
32:
27:
19:
2492:
2472:
2458:. Retrieved
2431:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2384:. Retrieved
2379:ASTV Manager
2377:
2368:
2357:
2346:. Retrieved
2342:the original
2332:
2315:
2304:. Retrieved
2300:the original
2262:
2258:
2252:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2219:
2212:
2190:(1): 71–84.
2187:
2184:Reproduction
2183:
2179:
2173:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2029:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1905:
1880:
1876:
1869:
1859:
1855:Trewavas, E.
1849:
1838:. Retrieved
1826:
1817:
1784:
1780:
1743:
1739:
1718:. Retrieved
1688:. Retrieved
1633:
1629:
1623:
1604:
1600:
1590:
1579:
1573:
1529:. Retrieved
1515:
1509:
1503:
1446:O. niloticus
1445:
1443:
1440:
1409:
1399:bulṭī mashwī
1398:
1387:
1370:
1363:
1354:
1340:
1335:
1314:
1312:
1308:Thai cuisine
1298:), meaning "
1279:pla thapthim
1278:
1272:
1266:
1251:blue tilapia
1245:
1218:
1209:1350/1320 BC
1206:
1184:
1160:
1158:
1145:gonadotropic
1137:
1117:
1114:Reproduction
1100:
1078:. Circular
1069:
1044:
997:
979:Lake Manyara
970:
966:
962:
958:
956:
954:subspecies.
948:Lake Bogoria
945:
936:
928:
920:
914:
905:
896:
887:
878:
866:
857:
852:Lake Baringo
844:
835:
818:
813:
795:Suguta River
752:
637:
629:
620:
614:
590:
573:
570:
560:
556:
552:
544:
521:cichlid fish
511:
510:
507:Nile tilapia
506:
504:
492:
484:
476:
468:
460:
452:
444:
436:
425:
417:
406:
395:
387:
379:
371:
360:
352:
344:
333:
327:Steindachner
322:
314:
306:
298:
290:
282:
274:
266:
258:
247:
217:
215:
199:
198:
186:
166:Cichliformes
66:aquacultured
31:
26:
2819:Oreochromis
2711:NatureServe
2636:iNaturalist
2517:Wikispecies
2153:Aquaculture
2071:Aquaculture
2012:11449/21467
1787:: 215–226.
1531:19 November
1388:bulṭī maqlī
1300:pomegranate
1225:aquaculture
1193:Aquaculture
1162:Oreochromis
1072:hierarchies
1016:macrophytes
1002:, but with
983:Tingaylanda
959:Oreochromis
952:undescribed
937:O. n. filoa
879:O. n. filoa
746:, the then
652:West Africa
603:aquaculture
567:Description
539:. Numerous
400:Gianferrari
187:Oreochromis
2808:Categories
2386:2024-07-29
2348:2013-10-05
2306:2007-07-12
1840:2023-08-21
1720:5 November
1690:5 November
1471:References
1459:Nile perch
1327:pronounced
1302:fish" or "
1291:pronounced
1233:trash fish
1132:inbreeding
1055:dimorphism
1028:mosquitoes
1004:omnivorous
975:Wami River
933:vulnerable
925:endangered
919:considers
897:O. n. tana
829:subspecies
805:Subspecies
760:, such as
755:freshwater
744:K. Kamaraj
740:Tamil Nadu
708:continents
704:introduced
696:Omo Rivers
690:, and the
684:Tanganyika
595:dorsal fin
545:mango fish
421:Poll, 1932
2429:View the
2326:(in Thai)
2296:"Tilapia"
2040:Behaviour
1835:0971-751X
1827:The Hindu
1809:109938635
1432:asparagus
1395:بلطي مشوي
1384:بلطي مقلي
1359:ceylonite
1287:ปลาทับทิม
1241:leucistic
1229:wild-type
1000:herbivore
967:nyabikere
825:monotypic
819:Although
782:sea level
712:countries
656:Lake Chad
642:, except
599:meristics
591:O. aureus
338:Boulenger
252:Arambourg
194:Species:
176:Cichlidae
132:Kingdom:
126:Eukaryota
61:Wild type
2716:2.790482
2654:11188096
2597:FishBase
2502:Wikidata
2471:(1972):
2460:11 March
2279:16767145
2204:22031714
2131:17354460
2021:19330265
1963:25867399
1914:BBC News
1897:11527464
1857:(1983).
1801:30974200
1658:31199737
1581:FishBase
1453:See also
1436:tomatoes
1424:potatoes
1171:spawning
1120:spawning
1040:invasive
1020:detritus
989:Behavior
971:kabagole
854:in Kenya
821:FishBase
799:breeding
790:brackish
786:altitude
758:habitats
732:invasive
579:brownish
557:nilotica
527:and the
430:Trewavas
239:Synonyms
226:Linnaeus
172:Family:
146:Chordata
142:Phylum:
136:Animalia
122:Domain:
99:IUCN 3.1
2778:2299085
2615:4285694
2508:Q311170
2432:oreNil2
1955:9251968
1650:7445573
1355:pla nin
1347:Akihito
1315:pla nin
1267:pla nin
1257:As food
1237:fillets
1180:fitness
1096:schools
1032:malaria
994:Feeding
963:Tilapia
766:streams
688:Turkana
644:Maghreb
611:hybrids
583:grayish
537:Lebanon
517:tilapia
365:Nichols
182:Genus:
162:Order:
152:Class:
97: (
2791:293639
2775:uBio:
2768:288063
2755:293639
2742:234907
2693:166975
2680:553310
2641:121324
2576:304880
2277:
2227:. UWI.
2202:
2129:
2019:
1961:
1953:
1895:
1833:
1807:
1799:
1740:Cybium
1656:
1648:
1428:onions
1420:bulgur
1412:Israel
1375:Arabic
1323:ปลานิล
1247:Hybrid
1076:mating
1060:weight
1051:salmon
1036:Africa
1024:larvae
981:, and
935:, and
784:to an
776:, and
770:canals
762:rivers
726:, and
720:Europe
700:Israel
686:, and
676:George
672:Edward
668:Albert
654:, the
640:Africa
561:boulti
533:Israel
529:Levant
525:Africa
432:, 1933
413:, 1932
402:, 1924
367:, 1923
340:, 1912
329:, 1864
254:, 1948
70:hybrid
63:above,
2786:WoRMS
2700:NAS:
2667:72086
2649:IRMNG
2563:6SSRC
2550:52768
2275:S2CID
2225:(PDF)
1985:(L.)"
1959:S2CID
1805:S2CID
1777:(PDF)
1654:S2CID
1371:bulṭī
1265:Live
1207:circa
1080:nests
1047:trout
1012:algae
778:ponds
774:lakes
736:India
698:. In
692:Awash
625:Egypt
559:, or
551:, or
2824:Nile
2750:OBIS
2729:8128
2724:NCBI
2688:IUCN
2675:ITIS
2628:1322
2623:GISD
2610:GBIF
2545:BOLD
2462:2006
2200:PMID
2127:PMID
2017:PMID
1951:PMID
1893:PMID
1831:ISSN
1797:PMID
1722:2019
1692:2019
1646:PMID
1533:2021
1516:2020
1416:rice
1405:rice
1367:بلطي
1319:Thai
1304:ruby
1283:Thai
1126:and
1090:and
1049:and
1010:and
969:and
961:(or
917:IUCN
716:Asia
694:and
680:Kivu
670:and
664:Tana
660:Nile
535:and
519:, a
505:The
411:Poll
230:1758
2703:468
2662:ISC
2558:CoL
2532:ADW
2410:doi
2406:220
2267:doi
2192:doi
2188:143
2161:doi
2157:146
2151:".
2117:doi
2079:doi
2075:256
2048:doi
2044:135
2007:hdl
1997:doi
1943:doi
1885:doi
1789:doi
1785:136
1748:doi
1638:doi
1609:doi
1520:doi
1418:or
1410:In
1373:in
1338:).
1277:as
1201:An
1175:fry
1034:in
939:as
931:as
923:as
714:in
581:or
555:),
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