1389:
1235:
146:
132:
108:
120:
41:
1644:Кикнадзе В. Г. Международное сотрудничество в области освещения обстановки в Арктике (по опыту второй мировой войны). // Военно-исторический журнал. — 2014. — № 12. — С.42. (Kiknadze V. G. International cooperation in the field of covering the situation in the Arctic (based on the experience of the Second World War). // Military historical magazine. - 2014. - No. 12. - P.42.)
1066:(named after Commanders Varley and Bell, designers of the X-Craft prototype) was the on-shore headquarters for the 12th Submarine Flotilla (midget submarines). It had been a luxury 88-bedroom hotel (the Kyles Hydropathic Hotel) requisitioned by the Admiralty to serve as the flotilla's headquarters. All X-craft training and preparation for X-craft attacks (including that on
1326:; historians William Garzke and Robert Dulin remarked that the successful repair effort was "one of the most notable feats of naval engineering during the Second World War." Repairs lasted until 2 April 1944; full-speed trials were scheduled for the following day in Altafjord. On 12 November 1944, the ship was destroyed by
1315:
of one to two degrees, which was balanced by counter-flooding on the starboard side. The flooding damaged all of the turbo-generators in generator room No. 2, and all apart from one generator in generator room No. 1 were disabled by broken steam lines or severed power cables. Turret Dora was thrown
1043:
anchorage in
Altenfjord, descended under the edge of the clouds and passed above it three times under heavy anti-aircraft fire at an altitude of 50 meters, achieving high-quality photography of the target. The resulting photographs were immediately transferred to the British Admiralty, which, based
1306:
was heavily damaged. While not in danger of sinking, she took on over 1,400 tons of water and suffered significant mechanical damage. The first mine exploded abreast of turret Caesar, and the second mine detonated 45 to 55 m (148 to 180 ft) off the port bow. A fuel oil tank was ruptured,
1489:. Passage crew Sub-Lt Page, Petty Officer Brookes and ER Artificer Fishleigh, operational crew Lt Hudspeth, Sub-Lt Enzer, Sub-Lt Harding and ER Artificer Tilley. X-10 was scuttled on 3 September 1943, because the chances of her being able to be towed home in middle of heavy gale were very slight.
1473:: Passage crew Lt Smart, L. Seaman Pomeroy and Stoker (1st Class) Robinson, operational crew Lt McFarlane, Lt Marsden, Sub-Lt Hindmarsh and ER Artificer Murray. X-8 was scuttled on 18 September 1943, after being verified she could now serve no useful purpose in the operation.
1259:
had also successfully planted side charges before being destroyed, but this was never conclusively proven. An expedition jointly run by the late Carl
Spencer (Britannic 2003), Bill Smith (Bluebird Project) and the Royal Navy using the mine hunters
294:
1479:: Passage crew Sub-Lt Edward Kearon, Able Seaman Harry Harte and Stoker George Hollett, operational crew Lt Martin, Sub-Lt Brooks, Lt Shean and ER Artificer Coles. Kearon, Harte and Hollet died when it foundered on 16 September 1943
2831:
287:
1296:, but were unable to escape as they were observed and attacked. Both were abandoned and six crewmen captured. Upon capture, the crewmen informed the German captain Hans Meyer that there would be explosions under
1316:
from its bearings and could not be rotated; this was particularly significant, as there were no heavy-lift cranes in Norway powerful enough to lift the turret and place it back on its bearings. The ship's two
280:
2141:
577:
1204:, probably trimmed heavily by the bow in the heavy sea for the tow, was lost with all three crew on the passage when her tow parted and she suffered an abrupt plunge due to her bow-down trim.
1035:
out of action for at least six months. The concept for the attack was developed by
Commander Cromwell-Varley, with support of Max Horton, Flag Officer Submarines, and Prime Minister
2846:
2806:
2134:
2816:
570:
2841:
2127:
2821:
563:
1408:, Passage crew Lt Terry-Lloyd, L. Seaman Element and Stoker (1st Class) Garrity, operational crew Lt Henty-Creer, Sub-Lt Malcolm, Sub-Lt Nelson and ER Artificer (
2866:
855:
1311:
buckled. Some 1,430 t (1,410 long tons) of water flooded the ship in fuel tanks and void spaces in the double bottom of the port side, which caused a
1219:
The remaining X-craft began their run in on 20 September, and the attacks took place on 22 September 1943 starting at 7:00 pm (1900 hours) that evening.
2811:
1268:
1212:) developed serious leaks in her side-mounted demolition charges, which had to be jettisoned; these exploded, leaving her so damaged she had to be
1879:
1248:, commanded by Lieutenant Henty-Creer, disappeared with her crew during Source. She is believed to have been sunk by a direct hit from one of
2503:
2497:
1811:
1464:
1373:
1300:
within an hour. Meyer quickly attempted to move the ship away from the charges, but was unable to do so before the charges exploded.
1227:
s attack was abandoned due to mechanical and navigation problems, and the submarine returned to rendezvous with her 'tug' submarine.
839:
325:
2826:
1463:, Sub-Lt Whittam, Sub-Lt Aitken and ER Artificer Whitley. Place also earned a VC, Aitken the DSO, while Philip was appointed a
2070:
1821:
2836:
1597:
The CO of X5, Henty Henty-Creer was an
Australian commissioned in the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve and five members of the
1008:
2719:
686:
479:
1320:
floatplanes were thrown by the explosive concussion and completely destroyed. Repairs were conducted by the repair ship
2713:
2423:
2331:
1764:
1739:
1714:
1388:
2110:
1573:
The passage crew were Harry Harte, Able Seaman, George
Hollett, Stoker and Irishman, Edward Kearon, Sub-Lieutenant
935:
1321:
1081:
was collected and sent to the Royal Navy by the
Norwegian resistance, especially brothers Torbjørn Johansen and
2861:
825:
404:
1842:
1278:
and proved the charge was well inside the net enclosure of the north anchorage and therefore most likely from
2043:
1002:
967:
1412:, i.e. engineer) Mortiboys. Henty-Creer, Nelson, Malcolm, and Mortiboys were killed in the attack, though
2851:
1442:
1438:
1361:
1357:
1345:
2119:
1619:
733:
2796:
892:
800:
1505:
1307:
shell plating was torn, a large indentation was made in the bottom of the ship, and bulkheads in the
1198:)) and manned by passage crews on the way. Close to the target, the operation crews would take over.
996:
766:
228:
45:
1234:
1039:. On September 12, 1943, in conditions of low clouds and rain, Soviet pilot Leonid Elkin found the
707:
1985:
1602:
235:
2801:
2372:
2366:
2217:
1965:
1867:
1541:
396:
272:
1789:
1429:, Passage crew Lt Wilson, L. Seaman McGregor and Stoker (1st Class) Oakley, operational crew Lt
2172:
740:
2856:
2178:
1598:
1456:
1409:
1255:
105-millimetre (4.1 in) guns before placing demolition charges. There was a possibility
928:
726:
1159:
1138:
942:
651:
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465:
8:
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2097:. Author: Angus Konstam. ISBN (paperback): 978-1-4728-3585-7; (e-book): 978-1-4728-3586-4
1430:
1392:
The grave of
Lieutenant Lionel Barnett Whittam at the Commonwealth War Graves section of
1337:
913:
771:
745:
665:
472:
444:
382:
172:
555:
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2524:
2456:
2337:
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2184:
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1990:
1970:
1554:
1369:
1356:, whilst Robert Aitken, Richard Haddon Kendall, and John Thornton Lorimer received the
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960:
899:
878:
832:
807:
759:
719:
609:
602:
520:
502:
458:
412:
345:
16:
Second World War Royal Navy midget submarine attacks on heavy German warships in Norway
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1735:
1710:
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2598:
2567:
2417:
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437:
389:
366:
2774:
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451:
359:
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220:
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1110:
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1514:
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was engaged in exercises at the time, and hence was not at her normal mooring,
1082:
1055:
783:
113:
2790:
1533:
1517:
1460:
1433:, Sub-Lt Lorimer, Sub-Lt Kendall and ER Artificer Goddard. Cameron earned a
1308:
955:
184:
795:
1791:
Supplement to The London
Gazette, p. 996 of the article or p. 4 of PDF file
1653:
1528:
1500:
1317:
1179:
1059:
846:
151:
32:
2832:
Naval battles and operations of World War II involving the United
Kingdom
2684:
2149:
167:
1880:"World War II's X men, crews of the dangerous X class midget submarines"
1813:
Suicide Squads: The Men and
Machines of World War II Special Operations
1510:
1334:
1048:
1137:. The submersibles were towed to the area by conventional submarines (
2744:
1213:
137:
76:
1393:
512:
419:
1231:
was scuttled on the way back to Scotland when the tow rope broke.
995:
was a series of attacks to neutralise the heavy German warships –
302:
2089:
in Norway; X-craft midget submarines raid the fjords, Operation
1540:
A facsimile of the operation is featured in the 2003 video game
40:
1601:
were among the crew of the British midget submarines involved.
125:
80:
1922:
2042:
Magennis later earned a VC in the midget submarine attack on
1513:, which was based on both Operation "Source" and the earlier
1946:
1934:
1910:
2063:
Battleships: Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II
585:
2847:
Military operations of World War II involving Australia
2807:
World War II operations of the Western European Theatre
1274:
in 2006 mapped the north and south anchorages used by
2817:
Military operations of World War II involving Germany
2150:
Australian special operations of the Second World War
1380:
was not decorated, but was mentioned in dispatches.
2103:
Sea Battles in close-up : World War 2 Volume 2
1994:(Supplement). 17 December 1943. pp. 5539–5540.
1974:(Supplement). 10 September 1943. pp. 901–902.
2842:Military history of Australia during World War II
1459:and Stoker (1st Class) Luck, operational crew Lt
2788:
2822:Military history of Germany during World War II
2867:World War II British special forces operations
2065:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1785:
1783:
1781:
1333:For this action, the commanders of the craft,
304:Allied raids and occupations, Norway 1940–1945
2135:
2061:Garzke, William H.; Dulin, Robert O. (1985).
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1868:Her sprenges bomba som skulle senke «Tirpitz»
1837:
1835:
1833:
571:
288:
1903:
1901:
1027:The attacks took place in September 1943 at
2060:
1952:
1940:
1928:
1916:
1809:
1778:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1077:Intelligence contributing to the attack on
2142:
2128:
2007:
1830:
578:
564:
295:
281:
1898:
1499:The operation was later portrayed in the
1465:Member of the Order of the British Empire
1374:Member of the Order of the British Empire
142:
1984:
1964:
1672:
1658:
1467:(MBE); Whittam and Whiteley were killed.
1387:
1233:
2812:Arctic naval operations of World War II
1736:"Casualty Details: Hollett, George"
1537:is loosely based on Operation "Source".
189:
177:
2789:
1761:"Casualty Details: Kearon, Edward"
1455:, Passage crew Lt Philip, Able Seaman
1208:(passage crew commanded by Lieutenant
2384:Operation Cockroach (1942, abandoned)
2286:Operation Blackfish (1945, abandoned)
2123:
2100:
2093:1943 (2019); Osprey Raid Series #51.
1493:
588:Military operations, Norway 1941–1945
559:
276:
1711:"Casualty Details: Harte, Harry"
1383:
1292:managed to drop their charges under
2343:Operation Anchovy (1945, abandoned)
1044:on them, prepared a new operation.
13:
2393:Operation Spider (1942, abandoned)
2080:
1765:Commonwealth War Graves Commission
1740:Commonwealth War Graves Commission
1715:Commonwealth War Graves Commission
14:
2878:
2250:Operation Louse (1944, abandoned)
2238:Operation Bat & Apache (1944)
2190:Operation Ambon (1942, abandoned)
1810:O'Neill, Richard (25 June 2015).
2396:Operation Wasp (1942, abandoned)
2325:Operation Carp (1945, abandoned)
2247:Operation Flea (1944, abandoned)
1605:Australians in Midget Submarines
1238:Lt. Henty-Creer and the crew of
1129:was to attack the heavy cruiser
1047:The operation was directed from
144:
130:
118:
106:
39:
2328:Operation Cod (1945, abandoned)
2036:
2027:
1998:
1978:
1958:
1872:
1861:
1803:
1794:
1753:
1567:
1843:"Lost heroes of the 'Tirpitz'"
1728:
1703:
1694:
1647:
1638:
1620:"Lost heroes of the 'Tirpitz'"
1612:
1591:
1437:(VC), Lorimer and Kendall the
1121:were to attack the battleship
1105:were allocated the battleship
1:
2827:Norwegian resistance movement
1609:(Access date: 24 March 2012.)
1580:
50:
2687:(or 'Tulip Force') (1942–43)
2610:Operation Politician-Optican
7:
2837:Special forces of Australia
2429:Operation Mosstroops (1943)
1548:
1443:Conspicuous Gallantry Medal
1439:Distinguished Service Order
1362:Conspicuous Gallantry Medal
1358:Distinguished Service Order
10:
2883:
2301:Operation Lagartout (1945)
2729:
2706:
2632:
2589:
2540:
2521:Operation Squirrel (1945)
2490:
2390:Operation Ladybird (1942)
2359:
2155:
2033:Grove, pp. 127 & 128.
2004:Grove, pp. 124 & 128.
1088:
1031:and succeeded in keeping
595:
310:
243:
224:6 conventional submarines
213:
158:
99:
59:
38:
30:
25:
2465:Operation Phoenix (1944)
2432:Operation Menzies (1944)
1700:Grove, pp.124 & 127.
1560:
1542:Hidden & Dangerous 2
1419:s exact fate is unknown.
1070:) was co-ordinated from
822:Heavy water (1942–1944)
252:6 midget submarines sunk
2462:Operation Falcon (1944)
2441:Operation Silver (1944)
2438:Operation Reaper (1944)
2387:Operation Beetle (1942)
2322:Operation Salmon (1945)
2283:Operation Sundog (1945)
2235:Operation Hornet (1944)
1953:Garzke & Dulin 1985
1941:Garzke & Dulin 1985
1929:Garzke & Dulin 1985
1917:Garzke & Dulin 1985
1849:. BBC. 17 February 2011
1360:and Edmund Goddard the
1093:Six X-craft were used.
925:operations (1942–1944)
196:Henty Henty-Creer
2645:Operation Apple (1945)
2453:Operation Vokeo (1944)
2435:Operation Perch (1944)
2173:Operation Tiger (Java)
1544:as a campaign mission.
1397:
1376:(MBE). Henty-Creer of
1242:
159:Commanders and leaders
91:Allied partial success
2862:September 1943 events
2657:Operation Pine Needle
2444:Operation Gold (1944)
2399:Operation Tick (1942)
2352:Operation Demo (1945)
2244:Operation Gnat (1944)
2241:Operation Wasp (1944)
1599:Royal Australian Navy
1485:: Unofficially named
1457:James Joseph Magennis
1451:: Unofficially named
1410:Engine Room Artificer
1404:: Unofficially named
1391:
1237:
244:Casualties and losses
2720:Operation Kingfisher
2402:Operation Bug (1942)
2278:Operation Suncharlie
2101:Grove, Eric (1993).
1603:Worledge, Ray. 2012
1364:. The commander of
1352:), were awarded the
67:20–22 September 1943
2672:Operation Asparagus
2619:Operation Carpenter
2616:Operation Crocodile
2290:Operation Blackbird
2024:Angus Konstam, p.36
1931:, pp. 259–261.
1125:, also in Kåfjord.
817:Associated articles
2852:World War II raids
2757:Operation Firetree
2714:Operation Hornbill
2697:Operation Guidance
2681:Operation Stallion
2654:Operation Goldfish
2625:Operation Oblivion
2525:Operation Platypus
2504:Operation Python 2
2498:Operation Python 1
2483:Operation Flathead
2480:Operation Socrates
2457:Operation Crayfish
2424:Operation Scorpion
2338:Operation Binatang
2332:Operation Starfish
2272:Operation Sunbaker
2232:(1944, incomplete)
2185:Operation Flounder
2167:Operation Mackerel
1991:The London Gazette
1971:The London Gazette
1626:. 17 February 2011
1555:XE-class submarine
1506:Above Us the Waves
1494:In popular culture
1398:
1372:, was appointed a
1370:John Elliott Smart
1243:
2797:Conflicts in 1943
2784:
2783:
2769:Operation Parsnip
2751:Operation Apricot
2730:other Netherlands
2599:Operation Jaywick
2573:Operation Swallow
2568:Operation Opossum
2564:Operation Garnish
2549:Operation Giraffe
2533:Operation Vulture
2418:Operation Whiting
2412:Operation Oaktree
2373:Heath's Farm Raid
2313:(1945, abandoned)
2292:(1945, abandoned)
2266:Operation Sunable
2260:Operation Sunfish
2256:(1944, abandoned)
2254:Operation Sounder
2212:Operation Lagarto
2105:. Ian Allan ltd.
2095:Osprey Publishing
2072:978-0-87021-101-0
1823:978-1-84065-082-2
1441:(DSO), Goddard a
1384:X-craft and crews
1037:Winston Churchill
1022:midget submarines
987:
986:
969:Kirkenes, Petsamo
553:
552:
271:
270:
221:midget submarines
95:
94:
2874:
2775:Operation Inco I
2691:Operation Source
2669:Operation Radish
2666:Operation Carrot
2651:Operation Potato
2648:Operation Turnip
2622:Operation Period
2613:Operation Gunard
2558:Operation Magpie
2477:Operation Lennon
2448:Operation Copper
2406:Operation Locust
2347:Operation Groper
2317:Operation Suncob
2311:Operation Pigeon
2296:Operation Sunlag
2230:Operation Mugger
2206:Operation Lizard
2200:Operation Lancer
2194:Operation Walnut
2144:
2137:
2130:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2076:
2049:
2048:. Grove, p. 127.
2040:
2034:
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2002:
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1396:'s main cemetery
1254:
993:Operation Source
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26:Operation Source
23:
22:
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2881:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2763:Operation Poppy
2739:Operation Prawn
2731:
2725:
2702:
2678:Operation Robin
2675:Operation Bream
2663:Operation Shark
2660:Operation Trout
2640:Operation Sabre
2628:
2605:Operation Rimau
2591:
2585:
2580:Operation Finch
2576:Operation Swift
2561:Operation Raven
2555:Operation Shril
2552:Operation Crane
2542:
2536:
2516:Operation Semut
2486:
2355:
2224:Operation Adder
2218:Operation Cobra
2159:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2113:
2083:
2081:Further reading
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2041:
2037:
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2028:
2023:
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2003:
1999:
1983:
1979:
1963:
1959:
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1886:. 11 March 2018
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1563:
1551:
1515:Operation Title
1496:
1416:
1386:
1252:
1091:
1015:northern Norway
990:
989:
988:
983:
814:
779:9 February 1945
767:28 January 1945
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2809:
2804:
2802:1943 in Norway
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2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2602:
2595:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2530:Operation Toad
2528:
2522:
2519:
2513:
2510:Operation Agas
2507:
2501:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2471:Operation Dodo
2469:
2468:Operation Rose
2466:
2463:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2305:Operation Brim
2302:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2188:
2182:
2179:Operation Lion
2176:
2170:
2163:
2161:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2111:
2098:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2071:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2035:
2026:
2006:
1997:
1977:
1957:
1955:, p. 264.
1945:
1943:, p. 262.
1933:
1921:
1919:, p. 259.
1909:
1897:
1884:History Online
1871:
1860:
1829:
1822:
1802:
1793:
1777:
1752:
1727:
1702:
1693:
1691:Grove, p. 127.
1671:
1657:
1646:
1637:
1611:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1538:
1525:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1446:
1435:Victoria Cross
1431:Donald Cameron
1420:
1385:
1382:
1354:Victoria Cross
1338:Donald Cameron
1328:Avro Lancaster
1090:
1087:
1083:Einar Johansen
1056:Port Bannatyne
985:
984:
982:
981:
980:
979:
972:
965:
949:
948:
947:
940:
933:
920:
919:
918:
911:
904:
897:
890:
883:
876:
869:
853:
852:
851:
844:
837:
830:
813:
812:
805:
798:
793:
788:
781:
776:
769:
764:
751:
750:
743:
738:
735:Blumenpflücken
731:
724:
711:
710:
705:
698:
691:
684:
671:
670:
657:
656:
649:
642:
635:
628:
621:
614:
607:
596:
593:
592:
583:
582:
575:
568:
560:
551:
550:
548:
547:
539:
532:
525:
517:
516:
508:
507:
499:
498:
492:
491:
484:
477:
470:
463:
456:
449:
442:
434:
433:
427:
426:
425:
424:
417:
402:
394:
387:
379:
378:
372:
371:
364:
357:
350:
342:
341:
331:
330:
322:
321:
311:
308:
307:
300:
299:
292:
285:
277:
269:
268:
262:
260:
259:
256:
253:
249:
246:
245:
241:
240:
234:Heavy cruiser
225:
216:
215:
211:
210:
207:
205:
204:
194:
182:
173:Donald Cameron
170:
164:
161:
160:
156:
155:
140:
114:United Kingdom
102:
101:
97:
96:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
75:
73:
69:
68:
65:
57:
56:
36:
35:
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2879:
2868:
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2647:
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2638:
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2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
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2523:
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2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2474:Operation Moa
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
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2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2367:Salamaua Raid
2365:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
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2297:
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2258:
2255:
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2240:
2237:
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2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2154:
2145:
2140:
2138:
2133:
2131:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2114:
2112:0-7110-2118-X
2108:
2104:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2074:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2039:
2030:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2001:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1961:
1954:
1949:
1942:
1937:
1930:
1925:
1918:
1913:
1907:Grove, p.131.
1904:
1902:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1864:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1825:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1806:
1800:Grove, p. 131
1797:
1790:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1697:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1669:Grove, p.124.
1666:
1664:
1662:
1655:
1650:
1641:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1608:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1584:
1570:
1566:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1534:Submarine X-1
1530:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1518:human torpedo
1516:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1461:Godfrey Place
1458:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1421:
1415:
1411:
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1367:
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1347:
1343:
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1336:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1309:double bottom
1305:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1266:
1265:
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1211:
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1203:
1199:
1197:
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1187:
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1177:
1173:
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1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
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1096:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1054:, located in
1053:
1052:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1011:
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1005:
1000:
999:
994:
978:
977:
973:
971:
970:
966:
964:
963:
959:
958:
957:
956:Fleet Air Arm
953:
950:
946:
945:
941:
939:
938:
934:
932:
931:
927:
926:
924:
921:
917:
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905:
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902:
898:
896:
895:
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877:
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868:
867:
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860:
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854:
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849:
845:
843:
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836:
835:
831:
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824:
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789:
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782:
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768:
765:
763:
762:
758:
757:
756:
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749:
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742:
739:
737:
736:
732:
730:
729:
725:
723:
722:
718:
717:
716:
715:
709:
706:
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703:
699:
697:
696:
692:
690:
689:
685:
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678:
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669:
668:
664:
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655:
654:
650:
648:
647:
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641:
640:
636:
634:
633:
629:
627:
626:
622:
620:
619:
615:
613:
612:
608:
606:
605:
601:
600:
599:
594:
581:
576:
574:
569:
567:
562:
561:
558:
546:
544:
540:
538:
537:
533:
531:
530:
526:
524:
523:
519:
518:
515:
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510:
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505:
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500:
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483:
482:
478:
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471:
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462:
461:
457:
455:
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450:
448:
447:
443:
441:
440:
436:
435:
432:
429:
428:
423:
422:
418:
416:
415:
411:
410:
409:
407:
403:
401:
399:
395:
393:
392:
388:
386:
385:
381:
380:
377:
374:
373:
370:
369:
365:
363:
362:
358:
356:
355:
351:
349:
348:
344:
343:
340:
336:
333:
332:
329:
328:
324:
323:
320:
316:
313:
312:
309:
298:
293:
291:
286:
284:
279:
278:
275:
266:
263:
257:
254:
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250:
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242:
239:
238:
232:
231:
226:
222:
218:
217:
212:
208:
203:
201:
195:
192:
186:
185:Godfrey Place
183:
180:
174:
171:
169:
166:
165:
163:
162:
157:
153:
141:
139:
127:
115:
104:
103:
98:
90:
87:
86:
82:
78:
74:
71:
70:
66:
63:
62:
58:
49:
48:
42:
37:
34:
29:
24:
19:
2857:Alta, Norway
2690:
2280:(April 1945)
2102:
2090:
2086:
2062:
2055:Bibliography
2044:
2038:
2029:
2000:
1989:
1980:
1969:
1960:
1948:
1936:
1924:
1912:
1888:. Retrieved
1883:
1874:
1863:
1851:. Retrieved
1846:
1812:
1805:
1796:
1768:. Retrieved
1755:
1743:. Retrieved
1730:
1718:. Retrieved
1705:
1696:
1649:
1640:
1628:. Retrieved
1623:
1614:
1604:
1593:
1569:
1532:
1521:
1509:, featuring
1504:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1452:
1448:
1426:
1422:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1377:
1365:
1349:
1341:
1332:
1322:
1318:Arado Ar 196
1303:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1060:Isle of Bute
1050:
1046:
1040:
1032:
1026:
1009:
1003:
997:
992:
991:
975:
968:
961:
943:
937:Rösselsprung
936:
929:
922:
914:
907:
900:
893:
886:
879:
872:
871:
865:
861:(1942–1944)
857:
847:
840:
833:
826:
816:
815:
808:
801:
784:
773:Black Friday
772:
760:
753:
752:
746:
734:
727:
720:
713:
712:
701:
694:
687:
680:
673:
672:
666:
659:
658:
652:
645:
638:
631:
624:
617:
610:
603:
597:
542:
535:
528:
521:
511:
503:
495:
487:
486:
480:
473:
466:
459:
452:
445:
438:
430:
420:
413:
405:
397:
390:
383:
375:
367:
360:
353:
346:
338:
334:
326:
318:
314:
264:
236:
229:
199:
100:Belligerents
46:
33:World War II
18:
2732:East Indies
2685:Mission 204
2541:Celebes and
1986:"No. 36295"
1966:"No. 36390"
1847:BBC History
1654:Bute at War
1453:Pdinichthys
1346:Basil Place
1335:Lieutenants
1221:Scharnhorst
1123:Scharnhorst
1013:– based in
1004:Scharnhorst
930:Sportpalast
856:Attacks on
728:Almenrausch
408:, 1942–1944
400:, 1942–1944
227:Battleship
168:Claud Barry
54: 1941
2791:Categories
2592:China Seas
2590:Malaya and
2360:New Guinea
1581:References
1520:attack on
1511:John Mills
1210:Jack Smart
944:Zitronella
841:Gunnerside
796:Bjørn West
708:North Cape
653:Gearbox II
467:Roundabout
258:6 captured
209:Hans Meyer
2745:Dace Raid
2722:(1944–45)
2607:(1944–45)
2414:(1942–44)
2379:Mubo Raid
2208:(1942–43)
2196:(1942-43)
1890:21 August
1853:21 August
1630:21 August
1586:Citations
1531:war film
1503:war film
1487:Excalibur
1330:bombers.
1269:HMS
1262:HMS
1161:Sea Nymph
1141:Truculent
1135:Langfjord
915:Catechism
802:Judgement
747:Provident
688:Checkmate
667:Musketoon
481:Checkmate
474:Mardonius
446:Chaffinch
398:Thamshavn
384:Musketoon
327:Valentine
138:Australia
77:Altafjord
2707:proposed
2543:Moluccas
2160:and Java
1770:24 April
1745:24 April
1720:24 April
1549:See also
1427:Piker II
1425:: Named
1406:Platypus
1214:scuttled
1181:Stubborn
1171:Thrasher
1017:, using
962:Benedict
901:Paravane
894:Goodwood
880:Tungsten
848:SF Hydro
834:Freshman
827:Sabotage
809:Doomsday
761:Woodlark
741:Finnmark
721:Guidance
611:Gauntlet
604:Claymore
522:Gauntlet
513:Svalbard
504:Woodlark
460:Crackers
421:SF Hydro
414:Freshman
406:Sabotage
347:Claymore
255:9 killed
214:Strength
72:Location
31:Part of
2087:Tirpitz
1522:Tirpitz
1323:Neumark
1304:Tirpitz
1298:Tirpitz
1294:Tirpitz
1276:Tirpitz
1250:Tirpitz
1191:Sceptre
1188:), and
1111:Kåfjord
1107:Tirpitz
1079:Tirpitz
1068:Tirpitz
1058:on the
1041:Tirpitz
1033:Tirpitz
1029:Kåfjord
1019:X-class
998:Tirpitz
923:Tirpitz
908:Obviate
858:Tirpitz
791:Haglebu
681:Cartoon
646:Gearbox
639:Fritham
632:Archery
543:Gearbox
536:Gearbox
529:Fritham
439:Cartoon
391:Bittern
368:Archery
267:damaged
265:Tirpitz
230:Tirpitz
200:†
187: (
175: (
152:Germany
47:Tirpitz
2777:(1945)
2771:(1945)
2765:(1945)
2759:(1945)
2753:(1945)
2747:(1944)
2741:(1944)
2716:(1944)
2699:(1944)
2693:(1943)
2642:(1945)
2601:(1943)
2582:(1945)
2570:(1945)
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2506:(1944)
2500:(1943)
2491:Borneo
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2158:Sundas
2156:Timor,
2109:
2091:Source
2069:
1820:
1445:(CGM).
1394:Tromsø
1344:) and
1253:'s
1151:Syrtis
1131:Lützow
1089:Attack
1072:Varbel
1064:Varbel
1051:Varbel
1010:Lützow
1007:, and
976:Orator
887:Mascot
873:Source
702:Martin
695:Leader
625:Anklet
618:Kitbag
488:Source
453:Brandy
361:Kitbag
354:Anklet
335:Norway
319:Faroes
237:Lützow
149:
135:
126:Norway
123:
111:
88:Result
81:Norway
2633:other
2045:Takao
1561:Notes
1417:'
1271:Blyth
1264:Quorn
1109:, in
866:Title
2107:ISBN
2067:ISBN
1892:2018
1855:2018
1818:ISBN
1772:2021
1747:2021
1722:2021
1632:2018
1529:1969
1527:The
1501:1955
1483:X-10
1313:list
1288:and
1267:and
1225:X10'
1139:HMS
1117:and
1101:and
1049:HMS
785:Rype
754:1945
714:1944
674:1943
660:1942
598:1941
496:1945
431:1943
376:1942
339:1941
315:1940
64:Date
1624:BBC
1477:X-9
1471:X-8
1449:X-7
1423:X-6
1414:X-5
1402:X-5
1229:X10
1196:X10
1178:),
1168:),
1158:),
1133:in
1119:X10
952:RAF
190:POW
178:POW
79:,
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1900:^
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1845:.
1832:^
1816:.
1780:^
1763:.
1738:.
1713:.
1674:^
1660:^
1622:.
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1368:,
1366:X8
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1280:X6
1257:X5
1246:X5
1240:X5
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1206:X8
1202:X9
1186:X7
1176:X5
1166:X8
1156:X9
1148:)
1146:X6
1127:X8
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1113:.
1103:X7
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1097:,
1095:X5
1085:.
1074:.
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1024:.
1001:,
545:II
219:6
51:c.
2143:e
2136:t
2129:v
2115:.
2075:.
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