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Operation Bittern

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103:. It was decided that the agents should be used as instructors for military training and hand-to-hand combat, and the four persons were split into two teams. While one team solved its tasks satisfactorily, the other team's behaviour led to a scandal. After episodes of heavy drinking, too much talking, and other hazardous behaviour, Milorg demanded the two SOE agents to be recalled to the United Kingdom. 106:
Operation Bittern was severely criticized by the Norwegian Home Forces in letters and other communications to the Norwegian government-in-exile in London. The government in London was distinctly unimpressed that SOE, with the tacit acceptance of
67:, the group should only act upon decisions by the Home Forces, and they brought no liquidation lists from the UK. The problem was that the operation had not been approved by Milorg in advance. In a meeting between Milorg leaders 62:
with the assassinations of Norwegian Nazis and informers by training selected Milorg personnel for the task. If asked by Milorg they would also help as executioners. According to Chief of Defence, General
75:
and the expedition leader, it turned out that Bittern operated with a list of persons that SOE wanted to get rid of. The list contained 62 names, which not only included informers and
352: 347: 95:. Milorg feared that the reprisals might be terribly harsh compared with the benefits of such assassinations, based on recent experience from 357: 204: 111:, had selected a former notorious criminal to take part in such a task. The incidents led to a long-lasting conflict between 32: 275: 247: 169: 144: 88: 36: 115:, the government-in-exile and SOE, although eventually a more cooperative climate developed between them. 64: 304: 40: 92: 342: 295: 108: 84: 68: 47: 8: 291: 20: 271: 243: 200: 165: 140: 192: 80: 132: 72: 336: 263: 46:
Four SOE agents and instructors—Thor Helliessen, Jan Allan, Ruben Langmo and
58:
in October 1942. Their primary mission was to help the resistance movement
299: 235: 96: 51: 100: 76: 112: 59: 55: 242:(in Norwegian). Vol. 2. Oslo: Samlaget. p. 33. 240:
London-regjeringa. Norge i krigsalliansen 1940-1945
199:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Aschehoug. pp. 116–119. 31:in the oldest sources) was a military operation in 334: 218: 216: 35:planned and carried out in 1942 by the British 353:Military history of Norway during World War II 213: 270:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Cappelen. p. 97. 284: 164:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Wings. p. 117. 159: 139:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Orion. p. 88. 50:—were sent to Norway and parachuted into 262: 191: 79:, but also Nazi politicians such as the 348:Special Operations Executive operations 308:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget 256: 230: 228: 335: 131: 234: 197:Jens Chr. Hauge – fullt og helt 187: 185: 183: 181: 290: 238:(1979). "Aksjonar eller beredskap". 225: 153: 13: 178: 14: 369: 195:(2008). "Problemer med britene". 320: 125: 1: 358:Norwegian resistance movement 118: 41:Norwegian government-in-exile 37:Special Operations Executive 7: 326:Gjelsvik (1977): pp. 99-100 65:Wilhelm von Tangen Hansteen 10: 374: 162:En kvinne ved navn "Truls" 305:Norsk biografisk leksikon 160:Vold Hurum, Gerd (2006). 222:Moland (1999): pp. 60–64 109:Norwegian High Command 24: 25:Bittern-ekspedisjonen 69:Jens Christian Hauge 48:Johannes S. Andersen 296:"Johannes Andersen" 206:978-82-03-22988-6 17:Operation Bittern 365: 327: 324: 318: 317: 315: 313: 288: 282: 281: 260: 254: 253: 232: 223: 220: 211: 210: 189: 176: 175: 157: 151: 150: 129: 373: 372: 368: 367: 366: 364: 363: 362: 333: 332: 331: 330: 325: 321: 311: 309: 292:Bjørnsen, Bjørn 289: 285: 278: 261: 257: 250: 233: 226: 221: 214: 207: 190: 179: 172: 158: 154: 147: 133:Moland, Arnfinn 130: 126: 121: 33:occupied Norway 12: 11: 5: 371: 361: 360: 355: 350: 345: 343:1942 in Norway 329: 328: 319: 283: 276: 264:Gjelsvik, Tore 255: 248: 224: 212: 205: 193:Njølstad, Olav 177: 170: 152: 145: 123: 122: 120: 117: 73:Arthur Hansson 39:(SOE) and the 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 370: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 340: 338: 323: 307: 306: 301: 297: 293: 287: 279: 277:82-02-03900-2 273: 269: 268:Hjemmefronten 265: 259: 251: 249:82-521-0954-3 245: 241: 237: 231: 229: 219: 217: 208: 202: 198: 194: 188: 186: 184: 182: 173: 171:82-992194-0-X 167: 163: 156: 148: 146:82-458-0337-5 142: 138: 137:Over grensen? 134: 128: 124: 116: 114: 110: 104: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 61: 57: 53: 49: 44: 42: 38: 34: 30: 26: 22: 18: 322: 310:. Retrieved 303: 286: 267: 258: 239: 196: 161: 155: 136: 127: 105: 83:"ministers" 45: 28: 16: 15: 300:Helle, Knut 236:Riste, Olav 43:in London. 27:, known as 337:Categories 312:17 January 119:References 81:government 93:Fuglesang 77:torturers 54:north of 52:Nordmarka 21:Norwegian 266:(1977). 135:(1999). 101:Majavatn 302:(ed.). 97:Telavåg 85:Hagelin 274:  246:  203:  168:  143:  113:Milorg 60:Milorg 29:Bitern 298:. In 314:2010 272:ISBN 244:ISBN 201:ISBN 166:ISBN 141:ISBN 99:and 91:and 71:and 56:Oslo 89:Lie 339:: 294:. 227:^ 215:^ 180:^ 87:, 23:: 316:. 280:. 252:. 209:. 174:. 149:. 19:(

Index

Norwegian
occupied Norway
Special Operations Executive
Norwegian government-in-exile
Johannes S. Andersen
Nordmarka
Oslo
Milorg
Wilhelm von Tangen Hansteen
Jens Christian Hauge
Arthur Hansson
torturers
government
Hagelin
Lie
Fuglesang
Telavåg
Majavatn
Norwegian High Command
Milorg
Moland, Arnfinn
ISBN
82-458-0337-5
ISBN
82-992194-0-X




Njølstad, Olav

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