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obligatory for males aged 17–60 and not affected by general mobilisation. The combat battalions consisted in men who either for health reasons or for their age were not mobilised into the German Armed Forces. The men were mostly wearing civilian clothes, but were obliged to wear armbands with
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remained a voluntary territorial defense organisation until 2 October 1943, when the
Estonian puppet government ('Self-Administration') issued a regulation with regards to calling the male population to Home Guard Service. It became compulsory for men aged 17–45 to become members of the
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were formed on subsequent days. 9,175 Omakaitse troops attacked the retreating Soviet forces. The battle of Tartu lasted for two weeks and destroyed a large part of the city. Under the leadership of Major
Friedrich Kurg, the Omakaitse drove the Soviets from Tartu, behind the rivers
517:
in summer 1940. Its members hid some of the weapons but it was done on their own initiative and only in a few locations. They maintained communication, common listening to foreign radio stations was organised as well as discussions of world affairs and future prospects.
457:
to establish a co-ordinating council in Tartu to proclaim the provisional government of
Estonia. The Germans disbanded the provisional government but allowed the armed units in the Omakaitse after Estonia became a part of the German-occupied
165:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
65:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
926:
In some areas of southern
Estonia, pro independence administrations were already in place by the time German troops arrived. Jüri Uluots set up a co-ordinating council in Tartu, yet stopped short of declaring a provisional
1013:
872:
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field commanders. This happened in Pärnu on 10 July, in Tartu on 11 July, in Valga on 12 July and in Võru on 14 July. The
Omakaitse units disbanded on 29 July 1941 at the orders of the German
137:
551:, the partisan groups formed themselves into Omakaitse of rural municipalities and regions. The formation of countywide structures began right after the arrival of the German
805:
was a unique organisation in the German-occupied
Eastern European countries. In Latvia, which otherwise shared the fate of Estonia, there was no organisation of such kind.
1101:
688:
had 10,200 members, on 1 December 1941, 40,599 members. Until the mobilisations of
February 1944, the membership was roughly 40,000. Approximately 1000–1200 men of the
627:
island. Members were initially selected from the closest circles of friends. Later, candidate members were asked to sign a declaration that they were not members of a
869:
Peeter Kaasik; Mika
Raudvassar (2006). "Estonia from June to October, 1941: Forest Brothers and Summer War". In Toomas Hiio; Meelis Maripuu; Indrek Paavle (eds.).
769:
1045:
Conclusions of the
Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity. Phase II - The German Occupation of Estonia, 1941 - 1944
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distinctive insignia. Their training was incomplete and they were armed with old
British, German and Russian rifles and light and heavy machine guns from
168:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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between Germany and the Soviet Union, the former members of the Defence League and other civilians formed partisan groups in the woods called
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in September 1944, some of the battalions became involved in serious combat operations. When the Army Group North started to
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Estonian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
439:
514:
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692:(2.5–3%) were directly involved in criminal acts, taking part in the round-up, guarding or killing of 400–1000
1010:
Argo Kuusik (2006). "Estonian Omakaitse in 1941–1944". In Toomas Hiio; Meelis Maripuu; Indrek Paavle (eds.).
792:
Argo Kuusik (2006). "Estonian Omakaitse in 1941–1944". In Toomas Hiio; Meelis Maripuu; Indrek Paavle (eds.).
615:. On voluntary basis, the formations were summoned yet again on 2 August 1941 under the name of the Estonian
991:. By Major Riho Rõngelep and Brigadier General Michael Hesselholt Clemmesen (2003). Baltic Defence Review 9
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1058:"Extermination of the Gypsies in Estonia during World War II: Popular Images and Official Policies"
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After the arrival of the 18th Army troops the Omakaitse organisations were subordinated to local
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482:, which otherwise shared a common fate with Estonia, there was no organisation of this kind.
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returned to their homes. However, the members who got evacuated to Germany were sent to the
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Providing assistance in case of large-scale accidents (fires, floods, diseases, etc.);
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died in Estonia, some of them because of neglect and mistreatment and some executed.
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462:. During World War II Omakaitse existed from 3 July 1941 – 17 September 1944 at the
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Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity
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Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity
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Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity
559:. It included the units of Omakaitse and forest brothers of rural municipalities.
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duties and insignificant sectors of the front. However, in the defence of the
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Omakaitse was formed on 8 July, after the 18th Army had taken the town of
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who took control of the country before the German troops arrived allowing
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Deepening and preserving the patriotic and national feelings of citizens.
555:. The first such organisation was created on 3 July 1941 in the town of
419:, the Omakaitse units took over major towns in the country allowing the
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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Providing military training for its members and other loyal citizens;
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did not completely cease to exist after being closed down during the
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Eastern Europe: an introduction to the people, lands, and culture
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The Omakaitse was a unique organisation in the context of the
431:. After the German Occupation the Omakaitse became outlawed.
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599:, securing South Estonia under Estonian control by 10 July.
728:. The regulation on 29 January 1944 made membership of the
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20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian)
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and guaranteeing the general safety of the citizens;
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Fight against parachutists, sabotage, and espionage;
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1102:Eastern European World War II resistance movements
445:The Omakaitse was reestablished during the German
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969:Suvesõda Pärnumaal (Summer War in Pärnu County)
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183:accompanying your translation by providing an
149:Click for important translation instructions.
136:expand this article with text translated from
83:accompanying your translation by providing an
49:Click for important translation instructions.
36:expand this article with text translated from
570:. The countywide Omakaitse organisations of
1137:Paramilitary organizations based in Estonia
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933:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSmith2001 (
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1027:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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417:occupation of Estonia by the German Empire
904:. Estonian Defence League. Archived from
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741:territorial battalions were deployed to
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535:. As clashes with the retreating Soviet
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411:. It was founded in 1917 following the
195:{{Translated|ru|Самооборона (Эстония)}}
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657:Guarding militarily important objects;
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623:was formed on 28 August and later in
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971:(in Estonian). Tartu: Valge Raamat.
837:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 74.
13:
1012:Estonia 1940–1945: Reports of the
871:Estonia 1940–1945: Reports of the
794:Estonia 1940–1945: Reports of the
505:, 1944. Frame from German newsreel
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1127:World War II resistance movements
651:Defence of the coast and borders;
619:. The Omakaitse organisation of
438:was dissolved in 1940 after the
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275:
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23:
1142:Collaboration with Nazi Germany
1112:Occupation of the Baltic states
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902:"History of the Defence League"
248:3 July 1941 – 17 September 1944
16:Militia organisation in Estonia
1062:Holocaust and Genocide Studies
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941:
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894:
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762:withdraw from mainland Estonia
752:river line against the Soviet
700:in the concentration camps of
193:You may also add the template
93:You may also add the template
1:
1132:National liberation movements
775:
764:, most of the members of the
469:
1122:Anti-communist organizations
1017:. Tallinn. pp. 797–806.
982:Tartu in the 1941 Summer War
957:Occupation Museum of Estonia
876:. Tallinn. pp. 495–517.
756:in August–September and the
464:Eastern Front (World War II)
440:Soviet occupation of Estonia
425:Estonian Provincial Assembly
7:
1107:Military history of Estonia
1056:Weiss-Wendt, Anton (2003).
631:organisation. The Estonian
95:{{Translated|et|Omakaitse}}
10:
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460:Reichskommissariat Ostland
375:, Jaan Maide, Arnold Sinka
157:Machine translation, like
57:Machine translation, like
669:Estonian Auxiliary Police
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138:the corresponding article
38:the corresponding article
1117:The Holocaust in Estonia
967:Herbert Lindmäe (2006).
831:Frucht, Richard (2005).
799:. Tallinn. p. 801.
486:Formation and Summer War
637:Estonian Defence League
511:Estonian Defence League
436:Estonian Defence League
429:independence of Estonia
204:For more guidance, see
104:For more guidance, see
704:of Russia and Jägala,
541:destruction battalions
506:
1147:Generalbezirk Estland
493:
403:('home guard') was a
206:Knowledge:Translation
177:copyright attribution
106:Knowledge:Translation
77:copyright attribution
447:Operation Barbarossa
415:. On the eve of the
1074:10.1093/hgs/17.1.31
547:escalated into the
421:Salvation Committee
318:Soviet Armed Forces
987:2009-03-19 at the
953:2010-05-23 at the
507:
413:Russian Revolution
336:Russian revolution
185:interlanguage link
85:interlanguage link
931:, pp. 34, 35
737:. Therefore, the
647:were as follows:
603:German occupation
515:Soviet occupation
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296:Nazi Germany
181:edit summary
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43:
35:
746:coast guard
743:Lake Peipus
735:World War I
455:Jüri Uluots
332:Engagements
298:(1941–1944)
285:(1917–1918)
40:in Estonian
1096:Categories
948:Resistance
929:Smith 2001
927:government
776:References
549:Summer War
521:After the
497:parade on
470:Background
368:commanders
361:Commanders
347:Summer War
271:Allegiance
246:1917–1918;
140:in Russian
1023:cite book
912:27 August
882:cite book
812:cite book
803:Omakaitse
801:Estonian
766:Omakaitse
739:Omakaitse
730:Omakaitse
726:Omakaitse
721:Omakaitse
696:and 6000
690:Omakaitse
686:Omakaitse
662:Communism
645:Omakaitse
633:Omakaitse
629:Communist
617:Omakaitse
609:Wehrmacht
553:18th Army
495:Omakaitse
401:Omakaitse
253:Disbanded
222:Omakaitse
199:talk page
99:talk page
1082:20684093
985:Archived
951:Archived
625:Saaremaa
588:Viljandi
537:8th Army
478:, as in
380:Insignia
175:provide
75:provide
706:Vaivara
621:Tallinn
597:Emajõgi
576:Petseri
503:Tallinn
423:of the
409:Estonia
405:militia
366:Notable
307:Militia
283:Estonia
265:Estonia
261:Country
197:to the
179:in the
142:.
97:to the
79:in the
42:.
1080:
841:
710:Klooga
480:Latvia
387:symbol
327:40,000
303:Branch
293:
280:
243:Active
593:Pärnu
584:Tartu
572:Valga
568:Pärnu
235:Pärnu
159:DeepL
59:DeepL
1078:PMID
1029:link
935:help
914:2010
888:link
839:ISBN
818:link
698:Jews
639:and
595:and
580:Võru
562:The
545:NKVD
543:and
509:The
434:The
399:The
324:Size
313:Role
173:must
171:You
73:must
71:You
1070:doi
161:or
61:or
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890:)
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108:.
101:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
