International Olympic Committee

2206:(CAS) found that the IOC provided insufficient evidence for 28 athletes, and overturned their IOC sanctions. For 11 other athletes, the CAS decided that there was sufficient evidence to uphold their Sochi sanctions, but reduced their lifetime bans to only the 2018 Winter Olympics. The IOC said in a statement that "the result of the CAS decision does not mean that athletes from the group of 28 will be invited to the Games. Not being sanctioned does not automatically confer the privilege of an invitation" and that "this may have a serious impact on the future fight against doping". The IOC found it important to note that the CAS Secretary General "insisted that the CAS decision does not mean that these 28 athletes are innocent" and that they would consider an appeal against the court's decision. Later that month, the Russian Olympic Committee was reinstated by the IOC, despite numerous failed drug tests by Russian athletes in the 2018 Olympics. The Russian Anti-Doping Agency was re-certified in September, despite the Russian rejection of the McLaren Report. 1299:

consolidated into four containment areas within the site, which left the remaining areas available for recreational use. The site contained waste materials that then no longer posed a threat to surrounding aquifers. In the 2006 Games in Torino, Italy, soil impacts were observed. Before the Games, researchers studied four areas that the Games would likely affect: a floodplain, a highway, the motorway connecting the city to Lyon, France, and a landfill. They analyzed the chemicals in these areas before and after the Games. Their findings revealed an increase in the number of metals in the topsoil post-Games, and indicated that soil was capable of buffering the effects of many but not all heavy metals. Mercury, lead, and arsenic may have been transferred into the food chain.

2230:. In the immediate days prior to the referendum, the IOC and the PRC government, issued a threatening statement, suggesting that if the team underwent the name change, the IOC had the legal right to make a "suspension of or forced withdrawal," of the team from the 2020 Summer Olympics. In response to the allegations of election interference, the IOC stated, "The IOC does not interfere with local procedures and fully respects freedom of expression. However, to avoid any unnecessary expectations or speculations, the IOC wishes to reiterate that this matter is under its jurisdiction." Subsequently, with a significant PRC pressure, the referendum failed in Taiwan with 45% to 54%. 1858:, seen as the favourite, surprised with a withdrawal. Following a string of local controversies over the masterplan, local officials were outraged by IOC demands on athletes and the Olympic family. In addition, allegations about lavish treatment of stakeholders, including separate lanes to "be created on all roads where IOC members will travel, which are not to be used by regular people or public transportation", exclusive cars and drivers for IOC members. The differential treatment irritated Norwegians. The IOC demanded "control over all advertising space throughout Oslo and the subsites during the Games, to be used exclusively by official sponsors." 8409: 489: 2292:. He wrote further: "as a fellow fencer, it is impossible for me to imagine how you feel at this moment. The war against your country, the suffering of the people in Ukraine, the uncertainty around your participation at the Fencing World Championships ... and then the events which unfolded yesterday – all this is a roller coaster of emotions and feelings. It is admirable how you are managing this incredibly difficult situation, and I would like to express my full support to you. Rest assured that the IOC will continue to stand in full solidarity with the Ukrainian athletes and the Olympic community of Ukraine." 10552: 64: 2787: 7963: 272: 3269: 2627: 10314: 1341: 2916: 2812: 3589: 3295: 73: 8346: 8001: 1040:, moved to the IOC and became the organisation's first marketing director. ISL and then Meridian continued in the established role as the IOC's sales and marketing agents until 2002. In collaboration with ISL Marketing and Meridian Management, Payne made major contributions to the creation of a multibillion-dollar sponsorship marketing programme for the organisation which, along with improvements in TV marketing and improved financial management, helped to restore the IOC's financial viability. 843: 3455: 3243: 3377: 2707: 501: 10730: 3351: 3190: 10678: 1164:, with contributions that assist them in developing their respective sports. The IOC provides financial support to the 28 IOSFs of Olympic summer sports and the seven IOSFs of Olympic winter sports. The continually increasing value of Olympic broadcasts has enabled the IOC to substantially increase financial support to IOSFs with each successive Games. The seven winter sports IFs shared US$ 85.8 million, €75 million in Salt Lake 2002 broadcast revenue. 3508: 3217: 3164: 2582: 3082: 3023: 2767: 3481: 3137: 2864: 2747: 3562: 2994: 2890: 3403: 2968: 2562: 3535: 3321: 2687: 2647: 3111: 2727: 3052: 2522: 2497: 3429: 2607: 2942: 2667: 10718: 10666: 8300: 2542: 10690: 10742: 1283:

imposing strict dust control on construction sites, closing or relocating the polluting industrial plants, building long subway lines, using cleaner fluid in power plants, and reducing the activity by some of the polluting factories. There, levels of primary and secondary pollutants were reduced, and good air quality was recorded during the Beijing Olympics on most days. Beijing also sprayed

1896:, called for a boycott of the 2022 Winter Games. The IOC responded to concerns by saying that the Olympic Games must not be politicised. Some nations diplomatically boycotted games, which prohibited a diplomatic delegation from representing a nation at the games, rather than a full boycott that would have barred athletes from competing. In September 2021, the IOC suspended the 1996:. Any female athlete flagged for suspicion and whose testosterone surpassed regulation levels was prohibited from competing until medical treatment brought their hormone levels within standard levels. It has been argued by press, scholars, and politicians that some ethnicities are disproportionately impacted by this regulation and that the rule excludes too many. 1095:

2013–2016 period, the IOC had revenues of about US$ 5.0 billion, of which 73% were from broadcasting rights and 18% were from Olympic Partners. The Rio 2016 organising committee received US$ 1.5 billion and the Sochi 2014 organising committee received US$ 833 million. National Olympic committees and international federations received US$ 739 million each.

1602:. The public schools subscribed to the belief that sport formed an important part of education but that practicing or training was considered cheating. As class structure evolved through the 20th century, the definition of the amateur athlete as an aristocratic gentleman became outdated. The advent of the state-sponsored "full-time amateur athlete" of 2393:. This includes 23 Chinese swimmers who were suspended for more than a year, as samples collected on 6 October 2022 had trace amounts of metandienone. The lab later found that the samples were likely contaminated, as control testing revealed the presence of metandienone in substances such as nutrutional supplements and meat products. 1630:, Manitoba, Canada. The decision was reversed in January 1970 after Brundage declared that the change would put ice hockey's status as an Olympic sport in jeopardy. In response, Canada withdrew from international ice hockey competition and officials stated that they would not return until "open competition" was instituted. 2090:, because the sport did not offer equal opportunities for men and women. This decision was attacked by the sporting community, given the sport's long traditions. This decision was later overturned, after a reassessment. Later, the sport was placed among the core Olympic sports, which it will hold until at least 2032. 1831:

Japan's successful race to host the 2020 Summer Games. The following day, French prosecutors confirmed they were investigating allegations of "corruption and money laundering" of more than $ 2m in suspicious payments made by the Tokyo 2020 Olympic bid committee to a secret bank account linked to Diack.

3147:

Supervise all the activities of the Olympic Movement that are related to culture in the broadest sense of the term - art, history, focus on values, academic research and patrimonial collections – with a view to promoting the Olympic ideals as widely as possible, especially among young people all over

2830:

These commissions have individual missions in the Olympic Movement. They may be created by The President, the IOC Executive Board, or the Olympic Charter. The President is an ex officio member of all commissions, designates its members and determines their dissolution once they have fulfilled their

1317:

and man-made substances (such as exhaust from vehicles or industry). Contaminants from these two categories elevate amounts of toxins in street dust. Street dust reaches water sources through runoff, facilitating the transfer of toxins to environments and communities that rely on these water sources.

1298:

can occur during construction. The Sydney Olympic Games of 2000 resulted in improving a highly contaminated area known as Homebush Bay. A pre-Games study reported soil metal concentrations high enough to potentially contaminate groundwater. A remediation strategy was developed. Contaminated soil was

1282:

For the Beijing Olympics, vehicles not meeting the Euro 1 emission standards were banned, and the odd-even rule was implemented in the Beijing administrative area. Air quality improvement measures implemented by the Beijing government included replacing coal with natural gas, suspending construction,

917:

Presidents and individuals holding an executive or senior leadership position within NOCs, world or continental associations of NOCs, IFs or associations of IFs, or other organisations recognised by the IOC cease to be a member upon ceasing to exercise the function they were exercising at the time of

1151:

NOCs receive financial support for training and developing their Olympic teams, Olympic athletes, and Olympic hopefuls. The IOC distributes TOP programme revenue to each NOC. The IOC also contributes Olympic broadcast revenue to Olympic Solidarity, an IOC organisation that provides financial support

1016:

rejected all attempts to link the Olympics with commercial interests. Brundage believed that corporate interests would unduly impact the IOC's decision-making. Brundage's resistance to this revenue stream left IOC organising committees to negotiate their own sponsorship contracts and use the Olympic

1706:

region's governor said the Japanese city provided millions of dollars in an "illegitimate and excessive level of hospitality" to IOC members, including US$ 4.4 million spent on entertainment. Earlier reports put the figure at approximately US$ 14 million. The precise figures are unknown: after

1320:

In 2013, researchers in Beijing found a significant relationship between the amount of PM2.5 concentrations in the air and in rainfall. Studies showed that rainfall had transferred a large portion of these pollutants from the air to water sources. Notably, this cleared the air of such particulates,

3491:

Protect and promote the autonomy and neutrality of sport. It also advises on the role of sport and Olympism in society, as a contributor to the UN Sustainable Development Goals, and as a contributor to peace. It recommends approaches to position the IOC as a thought-leader and policy-influencer on

1316:

The Olympic Games can affect water quality in several ways, including runoff and the transfer of polluting substances from the air to water sources through rainfall. Harmful particulates come from natural substances (such as plant matter crushed by higher volumes of pedestrian and vehicle traffic)

2287:

for not shaking the hand of her defeated Russian opponent, although Kharlan instead offered a tapping of blades in acknowledgement. The President of the IOC, Thomas Bach, sent a letter to Kharlan in which he expressed empathy for her, and wrote that in light of the situation she was guaranteed a

1830:

was bidding for the 2016 Summer Olympic Games, though it failed to make it beyond the shortlist. Weeks later, Qatari authorities denied the allegations. Gibson then reported that a €1.3m (£1m, $ 1.5m) payment from the Tokyo Olympic Committee team to an account linked to Papa Diack was made during

2421:

Founded in 1921, The Executive Board manages the afairs of the IOC. Its members include the President, four Vice Presidents, and ten other members. All members are elected, by secret ballot, by a majority of votes cast, for a four-year term. Meetings can only be conducted if convened by the

2167:

and the IOC, based on the athlete's individual circumstances. One day prior to the opening ceremony, 270 athletes were cleared to compete under the Russian flag, while 167 were removed because of doping. In contrast, the entire Kuwaiti team was banned from competing under their own flag (for a

574:

Since 1995, the IOC has worked to address environmental health concerns resulting from hosting the games. In 1995, IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch stated, "the International Olympic Committee is resolved to ensure that the environment becomes the third dimension of the organization of the

570:

Until 1992, both the Summer and Winter Olympics were held in the same year. After that year, however, the IOC shifted the Winter Olympics to the even years between Summer Games to help space the planning of the two events from one another, and to improve the financial balance of the IOC, which

1744:

As a result of the investigation, ten IOC members were expelled and another ten were sanctioned. Stricter rules were adopted for future bids, and caps were put into place as to how much IOC members could accept from bid cities. Additionally, new term and age limits were put into place for IOC

1152:

to NOCs with the greatest need. The continued success of the TOP programme and Olympic broadcast agreements has enabled the IOC to provide increased support for the NOCs with each Olympic quadrennium. The IOC provided approximately US$ 318.5 million to NOCs for the 2001–2004 quadrennium.

1094:

The IOC distributes some of its revenue to organisations throughout the Olympic Movement to support the staging of the Olympic Games and to promote worldwide sport development. The IOC retains approximately 10% of the Olympic marketing revenue for operational and administrative costs. For the

479:

and accept the decisions of the IOC. I will always act independently of commercial and political interests as well as of any racial or religious consideration. I will fully comply with the IOC Code of Ethics. I promise to fight against all forms of discrimination and dedicate myself in all

1729:, head of the coordination committee overseeing the organisation of the 2002 Games, announced that several members of the IOC had received gifts from members of the Salt Lake City 2002 bid Committee in exchange for votes. Soon four independent investigations were underway: by the IOC, the 1112:

stated that he had "yet to see matters of corruption in the IOC", but noted there were "matters of unaccountability". He later noted that when the spotlight is on the athletes, it has "the power to eclipse impressions of scandal or corruption", with respect to the Olympic bid process.

2136:(then known as the IAAF) suspended Russia indefinitely from world track and field events. The United Kingdom Anti-Doping agency later assisted WADA with testing in Russia. In June 2016, they reported that they were unable to fully carry out their work and noted intimidation by armed 1911:, there was speculation about whether the IOC was also intending to send a message to nations considering a boycott of the games that they could be banned from participation in future Olympic Games if they chose to boycott this edition. On 14 October 2021, vice-president of the IOC, 1302:

One promise made to Londoners for the 2012 Olympic Games was that the Olympic Park would be a "blueprint for sustainable living." However, garden allotments were temporarily relocated due to the building of the Olympic stadium. The allotments were eventually returned. However, the

1020:

When Brundage retired the IOC had US$ 2 million in assets; eight years later coffers had swollen, to US$ 45 million. This was primarily due to a shift in ideology toward expansion of the Games through corporate sponsorship and the sale of television rights. When

2353:. The calls from the organizations have been prompted by concerns about the war's impact on Palestinian athletes and sports facilities. In November 2023, Russia accused the IOC of having double standards by not sanctioning Israel due to its military actions in Gaza and 2300:

On 12 October 2023, the International Olympic Committee issued a statement stating that after Russia began its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the Russian Olympic Committee unilaterally transferred four regions that were originally under the jurisdiction of the

1036:, a Swiss sports marketing company, to develop a global marketing programme for the Olympic Movement. ISL developed the programme, but was replaced by Meridian Management, a company partly owned by the IOC in the early 1990s. In 1989, a staff member at ISL Marketing, 1307:

was damaged. Further, allotment residents were exposed to radioactive waste for five months prior to moving, during the excavation of the site for the Games. Other local residents, construction workers, and onsite archaeologists faced similar exposures and risks.

900:

Age limit: any IOC member ceases to be a member at the end of the calendar year during which they reach the age of 70 or 80. Any member who joined in the 1900s ceases to be a member at age 80 and any member who joined in the 2000s ceases to be a member at age

921:

Expulsion: an IOC member may be expelled by decision of the session if such member has betrayed their oath or if the Session considers that such member has neglected or knowingly jeopardised the interests of the IOC or acted in a way which is unworthy of the

601:

status. The decision enables the IOC to be directly involved in the UN Agenda and to attend UN General Assembly meetings where it can take the floor. In 1993, the General Assembly approved a Resolution to further solidify IOC–UN cooperation by reviving the

2332:

opening ceremony as neither nation's athletes were invited. Russia responded by accusing the IOC of being "neo-nazis." Under the ruling, Russian athletes would not be allowed to participate in team events, and are not allowed to display the Russian flag.

3572:

Supervise the implementation of the gender equality and inclusion strategy to enable them to make informed and balanced decisions to advance gender equality in sport on and off the field of play across the three spheres of responsibility of the IOC.

1618:(CAHA) felt their amateur players could no longer be competitive against the Soviet full-time athletes and other constantly improving European teams. They pushed for the ability to use players from professional leagues, but met opposition from the 4383:

Kip Keino (KEN) is the first ever recipient of the Olympic Laurel, a distinction created by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to honour an outstanding individual for their achievements in education, culture, development and peace through

1081:

The OCOGs have responsibility for domestic sponsorship, ticketing and licensing programmes, under the direction of the IOC. The Olympic Movement generated a total of more than US$ 4 billion (€2.5 billion) in revenue during the Olympic

7225:"FIE OUTLINE of RISK-MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS for NATIONAL FENCING FEDERATIONS and COMPETITION ORGANISERS in the CONTEXT of COVID-19 (FORMIR – COVID-19) PREPARED by FIE TASK FORCE and REVIEWED by FIE MEDICAL COMMISSION and FIE LEGAL COMMISSION," 4888:

Suh J-Y, Birch G. F., Hughes K., Matthai C. (2004) Spatial distribution and source of heavy metals in reclaimed lands of Homebush Bay: the venue of the 2000 Olympic Games, Sydney, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences. Vol. 51:

4829:

Chena DS, Chenga SY, Liub L, Chenc T, Guoa XR. (2007). An integrated MM5–CMAQ modeling approach for assessing transboundary PM10 contribution to the host city of the 2008 Olympic Summer Games—Beijing, China. Atmospheric environment. Vol. 41;

1610:

entered teams of athletes who were all nominally students, soldiers, or working in a profession, but many of whom were paid by the state to train on a full-time basis. Nevertheless, the IOC held to the traditional rules regarding amateurism.

1125:

TOP programme revenue: the two OCOGs of each Olympic quadrennium generally share approximately 50% of TOP programme revenue and value-in-kind contributions, with approximately 30% provided to the summer OCOG and 20% provided to the winter

1741:. Before any of the investigations could get under way, SLOC co-heads Tom Welch and David Johnson both resigned their posts. Many others soon followed. The Department of Justice filed fifteen counts of bribery and fraud against the pair. 590:, sustainable energy, improved waste management, and environmental education. These projects included industrial plant relocation or closure, furnace replacement, introduction of new emission standards, and more strict traffic control. 6630: 2278:

replaced its previous handshake requirement with a "salute" by the opposing fencers, writing in a public notice that handshakes were "suspended until further notice." Nevertheless, in July 2023, the Ukrainian four-time world champion

1935:

attempted to break Greek law by dressing as a man to enter the arena as a trainer. After she was discovered, a policy was erected wherein trainers, just as athletes, were made to appear naked in order to better assure all were male.

6546: 6520: 3545:

Supervise sustainability and legacy matters and make informed, balanced decisions that maximise positive impacts, minimise negative impacts and foster positive change and legacies in the social, economic and environmental spheres.

3599:

Give guidance, perspective and ideas in the area of Olympic marketing and commercial partnerships which will assist the IOC to continue to generate, enable and grow long-term, sustainable revenue streams for the Olympic Movement.

4819:

Qiao Q, Zhang C, Huang B, Piper JDA. (2011). Evaluating the environmental quality impact of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games: magnetic monitoring of street dust in Beijing Olympic Park. Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 187;

7276:"Ukrainian fencer disqualified from world championships for refusing handshake with Russian opponent; Olga Kharlan offered to touch blades after beating Anna Smirnova, who then staged a sit-down protest at the handshake refusal" 1835:

of the Tokyo 2020 bid committee responded on 17 May 2016, denying allegations of wrongdoing, and refused to reveal transfer details. The controversy was reignited on 11 January 2019 after it emerged Takeda had been indicted on

2400:

if U.S. authorities continued to investigate allegations of doping by Chinese swimmers. The IOC insisted that Salt Lake City agree that it may "terminate Olympic host city contracts in cases where the supreme authority of the

475:"Honoured to be chosen as a member of the International Olympic Committee, I fully accept all the responsibilities that this office brings: I promise to serve the Olympic Movement to the best of my ability. I will respect the 7206:"FIE OUTLINE of RISK-MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS for NATIONAL FENCING FEDERATIONS and COMPETITION ORGANIZERS in the CONTEXT of COVID-19; PREPARED by FIE TASK FORCE and REVIEWED by FIE MEDICAL COMMISSION and FIE LEGAL COMMISSION," 2456:

Enact, in the form it deems most appropriate, (codes, rulings, norms, guidelines, guides, instructions) all regulations necessary to ensure the proper implementation of the Olympic Charter and the organisation of the Olympic

1955:

test. The scientific community found fault with this policy. The use of the Barr body test was evaluated by fifteen geneticists who unanimously agreed it was scientifically invalid. By the 1970s this method was replaced with

6748: 6434: 1633:

Beginning in the 1970s, amateurism was gradually phased out of the Olympic Charter. After the 1988 Games, the IOC decided to make all professional athletes eligible for the Olympics, subject to the approval of the IFOSs.

6660: 1987:

levels in women athletes. This transition in sex testing was to assure fairness within female events. This was due to the belief that higher testosterone levels increased athletic ability and gave unfair advantages to

7313: 5568: 6866: 3518:

Ensure that the IOC has the appropriate strategies relating to the secure and sustainable use of technology in support of the IOC's daily operations, the delivery of the Olympic Games and of the Youth Olympic Games.

1734: 1130: 613:, Lausanne. The cost of the project was estimated to stand at $ 156m. The IOC announced on 11 February 2019 that the "Olympic House" would be inaugurated on 23 June 2019 to coincide with its 125th anniversary. The 2194:

as an "Olympic Athlete from Russia" (OAR). Under the terms of the decree, Russian government officials were barred from the Games, and neither the country's flag nor anthem would be present. The Olympic Flag and

7585: 5779: 7096: 5607: 1247:, and damage urban ecosystems. Black carbon is released into the air from incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fluids, contributing to climate change and injuring human health. Secondary pollutants such as 5841: 1243:(the amount of aerodynamic diameter of particle ≤ 10 μm in a given amount of air) – as a top priority. Particulate matter, along with other airborne pollutants, cause both serious health problems, such as 1136:

Domestic programme revenue: the OCOGs generate substantial revenue from the domestic marketing programmes that they manage within the host country, including domestic sponsorship, ticketing, and licensing.

290: 6408: 3200:

Safeguard the ethical principles of the Olympic Movement, keep the Code of Ethics updated, examines situations involving possible breaches of the ethical principles and, if necessary, proposes sanctions.

6958: 3902: 3227:

Provide advice and recommendations relating to the IOC's financial management in order to safeguard continuity and strengthen the transparency and good governance of the IOC and the Olympic Movement.

7023: 3361:

Maintain year-round interest in the Olympic movement, carrying documentaries and other programming chronicling the Olympic Games, as well as coverage of events in Olympic sport outside of the Games.

7055: 5990: 4500: 2159:

In response to these findings, WADA announced that RUSADA should be regarded as non-compliant with respect to the World Anti-Doping Code and recommended that Russia be banned from competing at the

3755: 7460: 6717: 5682: 1200:

IOC Sustainability and Legacy Commission focuses on how the IOC can improve the strategies and policies associated with environmental health throughout the process of hosting the Olympic Games.

853:

The number of all serving IOC members may not exceed 115. When named they became IOC members in their respective countries rather than representatives of their respective countries to the IOC.

2190:

had been suspended effective immediately from the 2018 Winter Olympics. Athletes who had no previous drug violations and a consistent history of drug testing were allowed to compete under the

6626: 3932:

Chen Y, Jin GZ, Kumar N, Shi G. (2012). The Promise of Beijing: Evaluating the Impact of the 2008 Olympic Games on Air Quality. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 66, 424–433.

2365:

in Gaza. The IOC has cautioned athletes against boycotting or discriminating others, stating that immediate action will follow any discriminatory behavior such as the case of Algerian judoka

516:

as its first president. As of February 2022, its membership consists of 105 active members and 45 honorary members. The IOC is the supreme authority of the worldwide modern Olympic Movement.

3977: 6542: 6516: 4867: 4839:

Wang X et al. (2009). Evaluating the air quality impacts of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games: On-road emission factors and black carbon profiles. Atmospheric environment. Vol. 43; 4535–4543.

8335: 5871: 1775:"The goal of Olympism is to place sport at the service of the harmonious development of man, with a view to promoting a peaceful society concerned with the preservation of human dignity." 1188:

The IOC requires cities bidding to host the Olympics to provide a comprehensive strategy to protect the environment in preparation for hosting, and following the conclusion of the Games.

6836: 6378: 6018: 5451: 4522: 3279:

Supervise the legal affairs of the IOC. This includes providing legal opinions, consider defence actions and study the legal nature of issues that may affect the interests of the IOC.

1939:

In more recent history, sex verification has taken many forms and been subject to dispute. Before sex testing, Olympic officials relied on "nude parades" and doctor's notes. Successful

432:

To protect clean athletes and the integrity of sport, by leading the fight against doping, and by taking action against all forms of manipulation of competitions and related corruption;

288: 7617: 7427: 6805: 575:

Olympic Games, the first and second being sport and culture." Acting on this statement, in 1996 the IOC added the "environment" as a third pillar to its vision for the Olympic Games.

5490: 6334: 1904: 1897: 1231:

improvement measures are undertaken before and after each event. Traffic control is the primary method to reduce concentrations of air pollutants, including barring heavy vehicles.

447:

To encourage and support a responsible concern for environmental issues, to promote sustainable development in sport and to require that the Olympic Games are operated accordingly;

10804: 7283: 7127: 6740: 5810: 5712: 7227: 6430: 4955:

Sadd D. (2012). Not all Olympic 'events' are good for the health, just ask the previous occupants of the Manor Road. Allotments Perspectives in Public Health. Vol. 132; 2, 62–63.

6652: 6456: 4055: 2874:

Represent athletes within the Olympic Movement, support them so they can succeed in their sporting and non-sporting careers, and empower the network of athlete representatives.

6691: 4344: 8779: 8719: 8264: 8259: 7647: 3713: 3707: 954: 947: 7706: 7305: 5552: 3842: 6858: 3387:

Supervise the promotion of Olympic values-based education and provides strategic direction on IOC programmes and activities related to the education of youth through sport.

2341:

Palestinian sports organizations and sports organizations from Arab countries have called for sanctions to be imposed against Israel and to prevent its participation in the

5651: 2405:(WADA) in the fight against doping is not fully respected or if the application of the world antidoping code is hindered or undermined." This was intended to undermine the 6897: 9964: 1425: 289: 7747: 6572: 6286: 9332: 8492: 7577: 5769: 5104: 5081: 9005: 4180: 9682: 9677: 7990: 7078: 5408: 9155: 5591: 4228: 1810:

reported that French financial prosecutors investigating corruption in world athletics had expanded their remit to include the bidding and voting processes for the

1133:

received US$ 443 million, €395 million in broadcast revenue from the IOC, and the Athens 2004 Organizing Committee received US$ 732 million, €690 million.

8328: 7154: 5529: 2115: 7524: 5833: 8509: 8254: 6400: 6260: 3719: 940: 746:

is the general meeting of the members of the IOC, held once a year in which each member has one vote. It is the IOC's supreme organ and its decisions are final.

7208: 6990: 6604: 420:

To cooperate with competent public or private organizations and authorities endeavouring to place sport at the service of humanity and thereby to promote peace;

9769: 9476: 9173: 8041: 6950: 3749: 837: 2926:

Assist the Director General's Office in fulfilling its responsibilities in terms of risk management, financial reporting, compliance, control and governance.

7932: 4589: 3894: 3725: 2030:

was banned from competing internationally having been found to be in violation of the Hyperandrogenism Regulation. Following the denial of her appeal by the

1915:, announced that the IOC had no plans to challenge the Chinese government on humanitarian issues, stating that the issues were "not within the IOC's remit". 7013: 1227:

Host cities have concerns about traffic congestion and air pollution, both of which can compromise air quality during and after venue construction. Various

9059: 8933: 8400: 7045: 4644: 4488: 1622:

and IOC. At the IIHF Congress in 1969, the IIHF decided to allow Canada to use nine non-NHL professional hockey players at the 1970 World Championships in

1065: 4370: 4033: 8321: 4701: 4676: 2156:

and the FSB had operated a "state-directed failsafe system" using a "disappearing positive methodology" (DPM) from "at least late 2011 to August 2015".

7450: 5906:

Pastor, Aaren (2019). "Unwarranted and Invasive Scrutiny: Caster Semenya, Sex-Gender Testing and the Production of Woman In 'Women's' Track and Field".

3439:

Provide assistance to all the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) for athlete development programmes, in particular those with the greatest needs of it.

2381:

made it clear there was no issue regarding Israel participating at the 2024 Summer Olympics and cautioned athletes against boycotts and discrimination.

10814: 9314: 6713: 1819: 7493: 5674: 5385: 1129:

Broadcast revenue: the IOC contributes 49% of the Olympic broadcast revenue for each Games to the OCOG. During the 2001–2004 Olympic quadrennium, the

10809: 8939: 8807: 2357:, as Palestine is also an IOC member. In January 2024, over 300 Palestinian sports clubs called for Israel to be barred from the 2024 Olympics after 2251: 1754: 7184: 4848:

Wang T et al. (2010). Air quality during the 2008 Beijing Olympics: secondary pollutants and regional impact. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Vol. 10; 7603–7615.

10755: 9759: 9017: 8837: 8046: 5339: 711: 378: 209: 5264: 3969: 2389:

In late 2022 and early 2023 at different locations and different times, several athletes were suspended for testing positive for trace amounts of

1682:) offered itself as a potential host after Denver's withdrawal, but the IOC declined Salt Lake City's offer. On 5 February 1973, the IOC selected 441:

To encourage and support the efforts of sports organizations and public authorities to provide for the social and professional future of athletes;

9278: 8738: 8408: 4859: 1574: 377:, the IOC's term for all entities and individuals involved in the Olympic Games. As of 2020, 206 NOCs officially were recognized by the IOC. The 7401: 5863: 4288: 10819: 9125: 8927: 8576: 8485: 8281: 6828: 6370: 5294: 5207: 5005: 4466: 4087: 3731: 8795: 5435: 9957: 9776: 9398: 8903: 8801: 7983: 7607: 7423: 4730: 6797: 5737: 5181: 4939: 8696: 5474: 5316: 4763: 6345: 6312: 426:

To encourage and support elected representatives of athletes, working with the IOC Athletes' Commission as their official representative;

10799: 9644: 9368: 8981: 8582: 2444:

Submit, on proposal of the Nomination Commission, to the IOC Session the names of the persons whom it recommends for election to the IOC;

2266:

to silence Peng's sexual assault allegations. Zhang Gaoli previously led the Beijing bidding committee to host the 2022 Winter Olympics.

7275: 7119: 6774: 5802: 5704: 1172:

The IOC contributes Olympic marketing revenue to the programmes of various recognized international sports organizations, including the

9143: 9011: 8768: 8660: 8624: 8349: 8242: 7224: 3743: 2111: 7555: 6464: 4532: 4062: 4056:"Creating a New Horizon for Sustainable 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games: Furthering Benefits to Human and Nature" 3465:

Strengthen the role of sport and Olympism in society as important enablers of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 365 days a year .

1203:

Every candidate city must provide information on environmental health issues such as air quality and environmental impact assessments.

9452: 9201: 8825: 8478: 6683: 5039:"The Olympic Ideal and the Winter Games Attitudes Towards the Olympic Winter Games in Olympic Discourses—from Coubertin to Samaranch" 4336: 7639: 7346: 1960:, as well as evaluating factors such as brain anatomy and behavior. Following continued backlash against mandatory sex testing, the 10834: 10794: 9996: 9829: 9824: 9615: 9587: 9308: 8501: 8249: 7976: 7696: 3831: 1657:

voters' rejection on 7 November 1972, by 60% of the vote, of a $ 5 million bond issue to finance the Games with public funds.

1385: 1161: 932: 868: 7876: 5634: 1025:

was elected IOC president in 1980 his desire was to make the IOC financially independent. Samaranch appointed Canadian IOC member

578:

In 2000, the "Green Olympics" effort was developed by the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Beijing Olympic Games. The Beijing

9991: 9952: 9904: 9687: 9639: 9521: 9446: 9219: 8975: 8831: 8654: 6627:"IOC suspends Russian NOC and creates a path for clean individual athletes to compete in Pyeongchang 2018 under the Olympic Flag" 5361: 4396: 4310: 300: 6889: 5159: 5121: 3331:

Provide a guiding reference for all other sports organisations on matters relating to the protection of the health of athletes.

2377:. The IOC also stated that athletes are not to be held accountable for their government's actions. In March 2024, IOC President 2321:

were included as members of their own, so the International Olympic Committee announced the suspension of the membership of the

10003: 9284: 9065: 8891: 8702: 6282: 1665: 1455: 2410: 9816: 9807: 9471: 9434: 9428: 9243: 9189: 9119: 8951: 8819: 8672: 8546: 8271: 8076: 7926: 7886: 7865: 7846: 7729: 7516: 6568: 4554: 4142: 3946: 2302: 1121:

The IOC provides TOP programme contributions and broadcast revenue to the OCOGs to support the staging of the Olympic Games:

5101: 5078: 2328:

On 19 March 2024, the IOC announced that, due to their suspension, Russian and Belarusian athletes would be barred from the

9225: 9149: 9137: 9077: 8969: 8921: 6928: 4176: 3413:

Analyze Summer, Winter and Youth Olympic Games programmes and form proposals for consideration by the IOC Executive Board.

10551: 5412: 2435:

Approve the IOC's internal organisation, its organisation chart and all internal regulations relating to its organisation;

1927:

to ensure participants compete only in events matching their sex. Verifying the sex of Olympic participants dates back to

1765:

and others expressed concerns regarding the human rights situation. The second principle in the Fundamental Principles of

1745:

membership, an Athlete's Commission was created and fifteen former Olympic athletes gained provisional membership status.

1606:

countries further eroded the notion of the pure amateur, as it put Western, self-financed amateurs at a disadvantage. The

749:

Extraordinary Sessions may be convened by the President or upon the written request of at least one third of the members.

9622: 9416: 9392: 9386: 9260: 9131: 8999: 8750: 8600: 8461: 4232: 2406: 1947:

were most likely to be inspected. In 1966, IOC implemented a compulsory sex verification process that took effect at the

1738: 1619: 1615: 1567: 7371: 7252: 7150: 6486: 5513: 3253:

Propose and implement a new targeted recruitment process of IOC Members as per recommendation 38 of Olympic Agenda 2020

907:

Transfer of domicile or of main center of interests to a country other than their country at the time of their election.

9610: 9404: 9380: 9374: 9344: 9089: 8879: 8276: 6115:

Burnett, Cora (2019). "South African Newspapers' Constructions of the Caster Semenya Saga through Political Cartoons".

4792: 3737: 3261: 2342: 2227: 2172: 2163:. The IOC rejected the recommendation, stating that a separate decision would be made for each athlete by the relevant 2103: 2070:, who had survived the Munich Massacre, commented: "I do not understand. I do not understand, and I do not accept it". 1912: 1400: 1173: 988:: individuals for exceptionally distinguished contributions to the Olympic Movement; superseded the Olympic Certificate 3871: 3796: 2000: 1206:

Every host city is given the option to declare "pledges" to address specific or general environmental health concerns.

894:

Resignation: any IOC member may end their membership at any time by delivering a written resignation to the President.

9974: 9969: 9869: 9704: 9440: 9101: 8963: 8909: 8813: 8666: 8606: 7205: 6980: 6595: 6256: 5038: 4988: 4527: 1849: 1648: 1380: 17: 6431:"Decision of the IOC Executive Board concerning the participation of Russian athletes in the Olympic Games Rio 2016" 10693: 9717: 9632: 9422: 9350: 9296: 9231: 9161: 8957: 8843: 4003: 2534: 2284: 1818:. The story followed an earlier report in January by Gibson, who revealed that Papa Massata Diack, the son of then- 687: 231: 7916: 4585: 4258: 9649: 9113: 9047: 8684: 8612: 3611:

The Olympic Partner (TOP) sponsorship programme includes the following commercial sponsors of the Olympic Games.

2908: 1874: 1730: 1716: 1033: 423:

To take action to strengthen the unity, independence, political neutrality, and autonomy of the Olympic Movement;

7245:"World Fencing Championships: Ukraine's Olga Kharlan disqualified for refusing Russian Anna Smirnov's handshake" 4634: 2066:, the then-IOC President, said it would be "inappropriate" to do so. Speaking of the decision, Israeli Olympian 10824: 9362: 9356: 9213: 9107: 9023: 8558: 4366: 4025: 2619: 2203: 2152:. McLaren's investigation found corroborating evidence, concluding in a report published in July 2016 that the 2031: 1793: 1560: 1360: 8094: 6205:

Parks Pieper, Lindsay (2014). "Sex Testing and the Maintenance of Western Femininity in International Sport".

4691: 4666: 4616: 4119: 3923:

Beyer S. (2006). The green Olympic Movement: Beijing 2008. Chinese Journal of International Law, 5:2, 423–440.

10681: 9986: 9797: 9195: 9053: 8993: 8867: 8756: 8618: 8594: 8564: 8066: 6401:"WADA Statement: Independent Investigation confirms Russian State manipulation of the doping control process" 2447:

Conduct the procedure for acceptance and selection of candidatures for the organisation of the Olympic Games;

1707:

the IOC asked that the entertainment expenditures not be made public Nagano destroyed its financial records.

1012:

During the first half of the 20th century the IOC ran on a small budget. As IOC president from 1952 to 1972,

793: 457: 334: 6517:"Exclusive: Pound confident Russian athletes will be found guilty of Sochi 2014 doping despite IOC inaction" 5347: 2441:

Present a report to the Session on any proposed change of the Olympic Charter, one of its Rules or bye-laws;

2411:

allegations that the World Anti-Doping Agency covered up and failed to sanction drug use by Chinese swimmers

1753:

In 2000, international human rights groups attempted to pressure the IOC to reject Beijing's bid to protest

1593: 9764: 9729: 8885: 8732: 7483: 5393: 5233: 2354: 1993: 1445: 897:

Non re-election: any IOC member ceases to be a member without further formality if they are not re-elected.

648: 6047:

Parks Pieper, Lindsay (2018). "First, they qualified for the Olympics. Then they had to prove their sex".

4202: 410:

To encourage and support the organization, development, and coordination of sport and sports competitions;

10829: 9979: 9836: 9514: 9338: 9272: 9183: 9095: 8873: 8762: 8570: 8448: 8056: 7176: 3527: 2952:

Supervise the IOC's Esports and oversee the planning and organization of upcoming Olympic Esports Games.

2900:

Improve the quality and the level of services to athletes by engaging with and uniting the stakeholders.

2851: 2362: 2243: 1961: 1375: 911: 861: 8106: 5256: 4462: 2831:

mandates. No commission can hold a meeting without permission of the President unless otherwise noted.

1757:. One Chinese dissident was sentenced to two years in prison during an IOC tour. After the city won the 624:

Since 2002, the IOC has been involved in several high-profile controversies including taking gifts, its

10708: 10588: 10582: 10577: 10572: 10567: 10539: 10532: 10526: 10521: 10516: 9669: 9627: 9326: 9237: 8540: 8237: 4061:. The PyeongChang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. Archived from 3068: 2699: 2222:", a name agreed to in 1981 by the People's Republic of China in the Nagoya Protocol, which denies the 2153: 2149: 1924: 1661: 1410: 1405: 1355: 1146: 875: 564: 556: 370: 982:: institutions or associations with a record of merit and integrity in developing the Olympic Movement 429:

To encourage and support the promotion of women in sport in pursuit of equality between men and women;

9916: 9692: 9410: 9083: 8855: 8209: 8061: 7393: 4280: 3004:

Explore, create and oversee interest in future Games of the Olympiad and Summer Youth Olympic Games.

2679: 2322: 2215: 2187: 2051: 1957: 1758: 1420: 1037: 973: 881:

Individual members, whose memberships are not linked to any specific functions in said organizations.

778: 691: 480:

circumstances to promote the interests of the International Olympic Committee and Olympic Movement."

6077:

Pape, Madeleine (2019). "Expertise and Non-Binary Bodies: Sex, Gender and the Case of Dutee Chand".

5286: 5015: 4094: 2978:

Explore, create and oversee interest in future Olympic Winter Games and Winter Youth Olympic Games.

10313: 9926: 9320: 8528: 8219: 6404: 6374: 6341: 4696: 4671: 3369: 2986: 2402: 2164: 2137: 2129: 1340: 1177: 488: 8313: 7014:"The IOC says Peng Shuai is safe. Experts say the IOC has become a vehicle for Chinese propaganda" 5746: 4723: 10069: 8987: 8897: 8849: 8636: 8435: 7083: 5185: 4900: 4639: 4496: 2255: 2180: 2176: 1599: 1052: 966:

IOC awards gold, silver, and bronze medals for the top three competitors in each sporting event.

7079:"Chinese Official Accused of Sexual Assault Played Key Role in Setting Up Beijing 2022 Olympics" 4755: 10054: 9792: 9746: 9724: 9712: 9507: 9071: 8708: 6308: 2125: 1486: 1450: 1440: 1365: 1022: 504:

The main entrance of the former headquarters of the International Olympic Committee in Lausanne

7640:"Israel's Olympic status not in question says IOC president Bach amid frustration with Russia" 5324: 450:

To promote a positive legacy from the Olympic Games to the host cities, regions and countries;

10074: 8099: 7968: 6770: 6653:"IOC's OAR implementation group releases guidelines for uniforms accessories and equipment's" 3645: 3121:

Supervise the planning and organization of the XXV Olympic Winter Games Milano Cortina 2026.

3103: 3062:

Supervise the planning and organization of the Games of the XXXIV Olympiad Los Angeles 2028.

2719: 1762: 1653:

The Games were originally awarded to Denver on 12 May 1970, but a steep rise in costs led to

1543: 762:

To elect the President, the vice-presidents and all other members of the IOC Executive Board.

338: 156: 7451:"Russia accuses Olympic Committee of 'racism and neo-Nazism' over opening ceremony decision" 5386:"People's Republic of China: The Olympics countdown – failing to keep human rights promises" 3968:

swissinfo.ch, S. W. I.; Corporation, a branch of the Swiss Broadcasting (25 November 2015).

463:

To promote safe sport and the protection of athletes from all forms of harassment and abuse.

63: 10670: 10480: 10473: 10466: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10365: 10358: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10322: 10301: 10294: 10287: 10280: 10274: 10269: 10264: 10259: 10254: 10249: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10204: 10199: 10194: 10189: 10184: 10179: 10172: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10133: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10108: 10099: 9909: 9899: 9582: 8304: 7547: 7455: 7306:"Ukrainian fencer won't shake hands with Russian at world championships, gets Olympic spot" 4915: 3761: 3235: 3129: 3098: 3039: 3010: 2804: 2397: 2374: 2346: 2329: 2289: 2199:

would be used instead, and on 20 December 2017 the IOC proposed an alternate uniform logo.

2160: 2141: 2087: 2039: 2035: 1976: 1972: 1948: 1908: 1866: 1815: 1811: 1699: 1687: 1679: 1675: 1476: 1471: 1239:

Research at the Beijing Olympic Games identified particulate matter – measured in terms of

1058: 910:

Members elected as active athletes cease to be a member upon ceasing to be a member of the

847: 737: 656: 652: 637: 579: 548: 536: 362: 358: 251: 31: 6951:"International Olympic Committee warns Taiwan against name-change that would rile Beijing" 5211: 8: 10501: 9605: 7336: 5125: 3685: 3680: 3473: 3033:

Supervise the planning and organization of the Games of the XXXV Olympiad Brisbane 2032.

2554: 2318: 2263: 1785: 1777:

Amnesty International considered PRC policies and practices as violating that principle.

1517: 1481: 1105: 674:

In September 2024, the IOC revealed its list of candidates for the presidency, featuring

629: 594: 524: 509: 366: 346: 235: 142: 4919: 2460:

Organize periodic meetings with the IFs and with the NOCs at least once every two years;

2361:

had killed Palestine's Olympic football team coach, and damaged the headquarters of the

10734: 10047: 8375: 7836: 7734: 7362:"Russia-Ukraine conflict: Fencer Olga Kharlan ban lifted as she is handed Olympic spot" 6985: 6599: 6222: 6184: 6132: 6094: 6010: 5923: 4931: 3895:"Sport and the Environment: Ways toward Achieving the Sustainable Development of Sport" 2239: 2004: 1548: 1527: 1295: 660: 7962: 7697:"Olympic officials try to crush U.S. probes of China doping, threaten Salt Lake Games" 5834:"North Korea barred from Beijing Olympics because of its decision to skip Tokyo Games" 5368: 5151: 4404: 3343: 435:

To encourage and support measures relating to the medical care and health of athletes;

271: 10642: 8385: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 7922: 7882: 7861: 7858:

International Olympic Committee and the Olympic system: the governance of world sport

7842: 7739: 7088: 6226: 6188: 6176: 6136: 6098: 6014: 5964: 5927: 5675:"The IOC Demands That Helped Push Norway Out of Winter Olympic Bidding Are Hilarious" 5643: 5599: 5560: 5521: 5482: 5443: 5129: 4984: 3421: 2934: 2599: 2223: 2121: 2055: 1940: 1703: 1100: 904:

Failure to attend sessions or take active part in IOC work for two consecutive years.

725: 699: 679: 513: 350: 160: 146: 6240:

Bruce, Kidd (2020). "The IOC must rule out sex testing at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics".

5991:"Sex, drugs and science: the IOC's and IAAF's attempts to control fairness in sport" 5409:"Video: IOC backs off DMCA take-down for Tibet protest | the Industry Standard" 4935: 4093:. The Tokyo Organizing Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games. Archived from 1826:, appeared to arrange for "parcels" to be delivered to six IOC members in 2008 when 10064: 10019: 9577: 8470: 8286: 8051: 7670: 7341: 6214: 6171: 6166: 6154: 6124: 6086: 6002: 5954: 5943:"Genitals to genes: the history and biology of gender verification in the Olympics" 5915: 4923: 4562: 3766: 3669: 3500: 3460: 3156: 3092:

Supervise the planning and organization of the 4th Youth Olympic Games Dakar 2026.

3044: 2960: 2574: 2514: 2099: 2023: 1980: 1832: 721: 715: 633: 239: 227: 200: 186:

111 active members, 38 honorary members, 206 individual National Olympic Committees

98: 6128: 6006: 5514:"Tokyo Olympics: €1.3m payment to secret account raises questions over 2020 Games" 3942: 2639: 2262:. The IOC's response was internationally criticised as complicit in assisting the 994:: individuals who promote education, culture, development, and peace through sport 10722: 9891: 9846: 9802: 9734: 9654: 9572: 8690: 8678: 8534: 8071: 8036: 8020: 7912: 7231: 7212: 6859:"Russia reinstated by WADA, ending nearly 3-year suspension after doping scandal" 6218: 5108: 5085: 5010: 4620: 3337: 3074: 3015: 2759: 2358: 2133: 2059: 1870: 1770: 1435: 1370: 1248: 759:

To elect the members of the IOC, the Honorary President and the honorary members.

683: 641: 598: 540: 528: 476: 196: 112: 53: 6920: 3313: 10037: 9931: 9886: 9881: 9542: 9266: 9207: 8915: 8522: 8370: 8214: 5629: 3594: 3447: 3300: 3248: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2219: 2196: 2107: 2083: 2008: 1928: 1671: 1512: 1430: 1256: 1210: 1196:

The IOC has four major approaches to addressing environmental health concerns.

1029:

to lead the initiative as Chairman of the "New Sources of Finance Commission".

1013: 991: 818: 614: 453:

To encourage and support initiatives blending sport with culture and education;

282: 7424:"IOC Executive Board suspends Russian Olympic Committee with immediate effect" 6494: 4927: 4143:"Lord Coe confirms bid to be next IOC president as seven candidates confirmed" 2396:

In July 2024, the IOC threatened to withdraw Salt Lake City's bid to host the

1900:, after they boycotted the 2020 Summer Olympics claiming "COVID-19 Concerns". 842: 609:

The IOC received approval in November 2015 to construct a new headquarters in

460:("IOA") and other institutions which dedicate themselves to Olympic education; 401:

To encourage and support the promotion of ethics and good governance in sport;

10788: 10770: 10757: 10746: 10042: 10027: 9936: 9854: 9597: 9530: 8945: 8744: 8648: 8380: 8360: 8345: 8199: 8000: 7743: 7730:"Salt Lake Awarded 2034 Olympics Under I.O.C. Pressure Over Doping Inquiries" 7671:"China's anti-doping agency criticizes media over contamination case reports" 7394:"Ukraine's Kharlan assured of Paris 2024 place by IOC after handshake furore" 7361: 7244: 7092: 7018: 6684:"Winter Olympics: Twenty-eight Russians have lifetime doping bans overturned" 6090: 5919: 5647: 5603: 5564: 5525: 5486: 5447: 5234:"Mainichi Daily News ends its partnership with MSN, takes on new Web address" 3649: 3630: 3554: 2366: 2140:(FSB) agents. After a Russian former lab director made allegations about the 2063: 1893: 1889: 1660:

Denver officially withdrew on 15 November: the IOC then offered the Games to

1522: 1502: 1395: 1332: 1287:

in the atmosphere to induce rain to remove existing pollutants from the air.

1284: 985: 695: 675: 603: 587: 520: 414: 342: 5436:"French police widen corruption investigation to 2016 and 2020 Olympic bids" 4901:"Soil Heavy Metals Patterns in the Torino Olympic Winter Games Venue (E.U.)" 4786:"The 2016 Olympic Games: Health, Security, Environmental, and Doping Issues" 4785: 2429:

Assume the general overall responsibility for the administration of the IOC;

1000:

status: towns that have been particularly important for the Olympic Movement

500: 10630: 9874: 9864: 9754: 9659: 9302: 8422: 7769: 7050: 6180: 5968: 5475:"Disgraced athletics chief's son 'arranged parcels' for senior IOC members" 4369:(Press release). Lausanne: International Olympic Committee. 4 August 2016. 3867: 3788: 3209: 2882: 2659: 2390: 2370: 2280: 2191: 2067: 2012: 1984: 1951:

where a lottery system was used to determine who would be inspected with a

1932: 1823: 1806: 1607: 1603: 1304: 1268: 1240: 997: 694:

and the presidents of the international skiing and gymnastics federations,

7578:"More than 300 Palestinian sports clubs call for Israel Olympic Games ban" 5959: 5942: 5045: 4558: 2274:

In July 2020 (and reconfirmed in September 2020 and in January 2021), the

2250:, following her publishing of sexual assault allegations against a former 1967:

Although sex testing was no longer mandated, women who did not present as

1861:

Human rights groups and governments criticised the committee for allowing

72: 10611: 10059: 10032: 9921: 9290: 9038: 8642: 8630: 8365: 8204: 6569:"The IPC suspends the Russian Paralympic Committee with immediate effect" 3640: 3581: 3382: 3356: 3287: 3195: 3182: 2712: 2632: 2489: 2378: 2259: 2058:

to honour the 11 Israeli Olympians who were killed 40 years prior in the

2027: 2016: 1944: 1726: 1722: 1507: 1228: 1083: 979: 743: 583: 382: 215: 5553:"French financial prosecutors confirm investigation into Tokyo 2020 bid" 4088:"Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games High-level Sustainability Plan" 3999: 1796:(EFF) pushed back against the IOC, which then withdrew their complaint. 1780:

Some days before the Opening Ceremonies, in August 2008, the IOC issued

871:(IFs), associations of IFs or other organisations recognised by the IOC; 407:

To ensure that the spirit of fair play prevails and violence is avoided;

7790: 7612: 7488: 6155:"The Caster Semenya ordeal – prejudice, discrimination and racial bias" 5592:"Tokyo 2020 Olympic bid leader refuses to reveal Black Tidings details" 4337:"IOC President awards the Olympic Order to PyeongChang 2018 organisers" 4254: 3395: 2856: 2779: 2739: 2350: 2247: 2218:

over a change in the naming of their National Olympic Committee, from "

2120:

Media attention began growing in December 2014 when German broadcaster

1968: 1837: 1109: 1026: 357:, Switzerland. The IOC is the authority responsible for organizing the 7610:[IOC warns against boycotts and discrimination during Games]. 5079:

Story #17–Protesting amateur rules, Canada leaves international hockey

4255:"Who We Are – ARISF (Association of IOC Recognized Sports Federation)" 3470:

IOC Commission for Public Affairs and Social Development Through Sport

1048:

The Olympic Movement generates revenue through five major programmes.

7484:"Will the IOC Do Anything About the Killing of Palestinian Athletes?" 7366: 5770:"IOC is no 'super world government' to solve China issues, says Bach" 3695: 3675: 3513: 3274: 3222: 3169: 2587: 2079: 1952: 1683: 1598:

De Coubertin was influenced by the aristocratic ethos exemplified by

560: 552: 7811: 6741:"Wada: Clearing Russian athletes may cause 'dismay and frustration'" 1104:

reported on how the IOC redistributes profits from sponsorships and

9859: 9549: 8343: 8015: 7077:

Zhai, Keith; Bachman, Rachel; Robinson, Joshua (24 November 2021).

6629:(Press release). International Olympic Committee. 5 December 2017. 4613: 3665: 3655: 3615: 3486: 3142: 3087: 3028: 2772: 2453:

Upon proposal from the President, it appoints the Director General;

1989: 1882: 1766: 1654: 1627: 1623: 1415: 809:

Olympic Foundation for Culture and Heritage (Lausanne, Switzerland)

544: 493: 394: 354: 173: 78: 6371:"McLaren Independent Investigations Report into Sochi Allegations" 4311:"Olympic Order awarded to WHO Director-General Tedros Ghebreyesus" 2179:, having found evidence that the DPM was also in operation at the 784:

IOC Television and Marketing Services S.A. (Lausanne, Switzerland)

438:

To oppose any political or commercial abuse of sport and athletes;

7728:

Longman, Jeré; Panja, Tariq; Schmidt, Michael S. (24 July 2024).

7548:"IOC defends the participation of Israeli athletes in Paris 2024" 5774: 3625: 3567: 3408: 3174:

Supervise all matters relating to marketing and digital programs

2999: 2973: 2921: 2895: 2869: 2817: 2752: 2567: 2502: 1878: 1862: 1789: 1272: 1264: 1260: 1160:

The IOC is the largest single revenue source for the majority of

1074: 9499: 5705:"IOC demands smiles, ridiculous perks ahead of 2022 Olympic bid" 4026:"Olympic House to officially open on Olympic Day – Olympic News" 2226:'s legitimacy, to simply "Taiwan", after the main island in the 6798:"Tensions rise over reinstatement of Russia at Winter Olympics" 4424: 4422: 4206: 3690: 3620: 3540: 3326: 3116: 2983:

IOC Future Host Summer Commission For The Games Of The Olympiad

2947: 2732: 2692: 2652: 1244: 797: 532: 161:

association organised under the laws of the Swiss Confederation

7998: 7855: 7046:"Peng Shuai: IOC accused of 'publicity stunt' over video call" 6829:"Russia's Olympic membership restored by IOC after doping ban" 3714:

Association of IOC Recognised International Sports Federations

3708:

Association of International Olympic Winter Sports Federations

2124:

reported on state-sponsored doping in Russia, comparing it to

1971:

continued to be inspected based on suspicion. This started at

1898:

Olympic Committee of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

1116: 955:

Association of IOC Recognised International Sports Federations

948:

Association of International Olympic Winter Sports Federations

7608:"IOC waarschuwt voor boycots en discriminatie tijdens Spelen" 4983:. Ontario: The Centre for Olympic Studies. pp. 120–123. 4445: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4437: 3660: 3057: 2792: 2672: 2547: 2527: 2369:, who received a ten-year ban following his refusal to fight 2145: 1827: 668: 664: 618: 527:(YOG), held in summer and winter every four years. The first 307: 7337:"Ukrainian fencer gets automatically qualified for Olympics" 6487:"Rio 2016: 270 Russians cleared to compete at Olympic Games" 4700:. Passaic County, New Jersey. 25 February 2002. p. A6. 4675:. Passaic County, New Jersey. 25 February 2002. p. A1. 4419: 3756:

FICTS (Fédération Internationale Cinéma Télévision Sportifs)

2422:

President or at the request of the majority of its members.

976:: athletes who demonstrate a special spirit of sportsmanship 582:

executed over 160 projects addressing the goals of improved

8861: 8588: 8552: 7956: 6921:"WIOC threatens to disbar Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee" 6890:"Why The ROC Should Compete as Taiwan in the 2020 Olympics" 5989:

Krieger, Jörg; Parks Pieper, Lindsay; Ritchie, Ian (2019).

5864:"IOC's Coates rules out pressuring China over human rights" 5635:"Japan's Olympics Chief Faces Corruption Charges in France" 4166:

Source: Olympic Charter, in force as from 1 September 2004.

3635: 3434: 3305:

Supervise all Olympic Television and Marketing operations.

2612: 1885:, documenting what many governments described as genocide. 1855: 1781: 1276: 1213:

to work towards addressing environmental health objectives.

1155: 625: 610: 571:

receives a proportionally greater income in Olympic years.

262: 6309:"Wrestling reinstated for Tokyo 2020 | Olympics News" 5988: 5044:. Comité International Pierre De Coubertin. Archived from 4434: 2175:

voted unanimously to ban the entire Russian team from the

1854:

In 2014, at the final stages of the bid process for 2022,

790:

Olympic Broadcasting Services S.A. (Lausanne, Switzerland)

690:

among the seven contenders. The other candidates included

640:

despite China's human rights violations documented in the

444:

To encourage and support the development of sport for all;

7905:

Inside the Olympic Industry: Power, Politics and Activism

7701: 5803:"North Korea suspended from 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics" 5208:"The Games that got away – 2002 Winter Olympics coverage" 2275: 1252: 5102:

Story #40–Finally, Canada to host the World Championship

3284:

IOC Television And Marketing Services Board Of Directors

2438:

Manage the IOC's finances and prepares an annual report;

2148:, WADA commissioned an independent investigation led by 2116:

Olympic Athletes from Russia at the 2018 Winter Olympics

824:

International Programmes for Arts, Culture and Education

10805:

International sports organisations based in Switzerland

6457:"IOC sets up 3-person panel to rule on Russian entries" 4860:"How Beijing used rockets to keep opening ceremony dry" 3967: 3720:

Association of Summer Olympic International Federations

2957:

IOC Future Host Commission For The Olympic Winter Games

2466:

Perform all other duties assigned to it by the Session.

941:

Association of Summer Olympic International Federations

926: 397:

throughout the world and to lead the Olympic Movement:

9477:

Global Association of International Sports Federations

3750:

Global Association of International Sports Federations

2045: 1061:, organised through the IOC's worldwide TOP programme. 838:

List of members of the International Olympic Committee

10706: 5738:"IOC hits out as Norway withdraws Winter Olympic bid" 3726:

International Academy of Sport Science and Technology

2336: 2214:

On 24 November 2018, the Taiwanese government held a

878:(NOCs), or world or continental associations of NOCs; 803:

Olympic Channel Services S.A. (Lausanne, Switzerland)

787:

The Olympic Partner Programme (Lausanne, Switzerland)

369:

Olympics. The IOC also is the governing body of the

8500: 8401:

Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa

7856:

Chappelet, Jean-Loup; Brenda Kübler-Mabbott (2008).

6543:"Doping pressure mounts on IOC at German parliament" 5362:"Olympic Charter, in force as from 1 September 2004" 5323:. Deseret News Archives. 19 May 2001. Archived from 3970:"Lausanne gives green light to new IOC headquarters" 1999:

The most notable cases of bans testing results are:

1840:

charges in France over his role in the bid process.

7881:. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 7727: 7076: 3578:

IOC Revenues And Commercial Partnerships Commission

3551:

Gender Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Commission

1594:

Olympic Games § Amateurism and professionalism

1321:substantially improving air quality at the venues. 890:Membership ends under the following circumstances: 7120:"Handshaking Rule Suspended at USA Fencing Events" 6981:"Olympics: Don't Promote Chinese State Propaganda" 6714:"ICAS's Coates responds to Bach over IOC concerns" 6594:Ruiz, Rebecca C.; Panja, Tariq (5 December 2017). 5745: 5633: 5257:"Nagano Burned Documents Tracing '98 Olympics Bid" 3497:IOC Technology And Technical Innovation Commission 2269: 2238:In November 2021, the IOC was again criticised by 5367:. International Olympic Committee. Archived from 5255:Jordan, Mary; Sullivan, Kevin (21 January 1999), 4899:Scalenghe, Riccardo; Fasciani, Gabriella (2008). 4898: 4791:. Congressional Research Service. 8 August 2016. 4633:Abrahamson, Alan; Wharton, David (30 July 2000). 4632: 4367:"Kip Keino to receive Olympic Laurel distinction" 1918: 1903:On 8 September 2021, after the IOC suspended the 1587: 10786: 7911: 6716:. USA Today. Associated Press. 4 February 2018. 5182:"Colorado only state ever to turn down Olympics" 5097: 5074: 5003: 4403:. LA84 Foundation of Los Angeles. Archived from 3817:Roger Bartlett, Chris Gratton, Christer G. Rolf 3606: 1888:Many government officials, notably those in the 1869:. Some weeks before the Opening Ceremonies, the 1799: 712:President of the International Olympic Committee 404:To support the education of youth through sport; 203:, and the host country's language when necessary 7328: 5406:IOC backs off DMCA take-down for Tibet protest 5340:"Beijing opens itself up to Olympic inspectors" 5317:"Samaranch reflects on bid scandal with regret" 4120:"Seven candidates announced for IOC presidency" 2186:On 5 December 2017, the IOC announced that the 1983:Regulation, which aimed to standardise natural 456:To encourage and support the activities of the 8549:(baseball, softball and Baseball5) (associate) 8282:International Committee of Sports for the Deaf 7834: 7517:"The case for sports sanctions against Israel" 7334: 6596:"Russia Banned From Winter Olympics by I.O.C." 6254: 5254: 5184:. Denver.rockymountainnews.com. Archived from 4815: 4813: 4609: 4607: 4586:"Payne – London 2012 to tap fountain of youth" 4428: 4281:"These Olympic Runners Just Won a Major Honor" 3732:International Committee of Sports for the Deaf 2463:Create and allocate IOC honorary distinctions; 2432:Monitor the observance of the Olympic Charter; 2295: 2242:(HRW) and others for its response to the 2021 1755:human rights in the People's Republic of China 1140: 9515: 8486: 8329: 7984: 7838:Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement 6207:International Journal of the History of Sport 5672: 1964:'s opposition ended of the practice in 1999. 1568: 806:Olympic Channel Services S.L. (Madrid, Spain) 752:Among others, the powers of the Session are: 472:All IOC members must swear to the following: 90: 7662: 6204: 6046: 5628: 4974: 4972: 4970: 3819:Encyclopedia of International Sports Studies 2209: 765:To elect the host city of the Olympic Games. 104: 45: 7874: 6423: 6152: 4810: 4604: 4449: 3126:IOC Culture and Olympic Heritage Commission 2233: 1678:final candidate (who eventually hosted the 1324: 1117:Organizing Committees for the Olympic Games 1066:Organising Committees for the Olympic Games 10635: 9522: 9508: 8493: 8479: 8350:Association of National Olympic Committees 8336: 8322: 7991: 7977: 7961: 6738: 5434:Gibson, Exclusive by Owen (1 March 2016). 5144: 4389: 3783: 3781: 3744:International University Sports Federation 2450:Establish the agenda for the IOC Sessions; 2112:Independent Olympians at the Olympic Games 1721:A scandal broke on 10 December 1998, when 1575: 1561: 1209:Every host city must collaborate with the 885: 827:Olympic Solidarity (Lausanne, Switzerland) 775:Olympic Foundation (Lausanne, Switzerland) 270: 62: 30:"IOC" redirects here. For other uses, see 10815:United Nations General Assembly observers 7546:Salguero, David Rubio (6 November 2023). 7273: 6593: 6257:"The Munich massacre: A survivor's story" 6248: 6170: 5958: 5825: 5512:Gibson, Exclusive by Owen (11 May 2016). 5284: 4967: 2086:for the Summer Olympic programme for the 1664:, Canada, but they too declined due to a 1279:) are also released during construction. 1183: 413:To ensure the regular celebration of the 10810:Sports organizations established in 1894 7545: 7177:"Handshaking Rule Temporarily Suspended" 7117: 7011: 6335:"Update on the status of Russia testing" 6229:– via Taylor & Francis Online. 6139:– via Taylor & Francis Online. 6029:– via Taylor & Francis Online. 5338:Bodeen, Christopher (25 February 2001). 5070: 5068: 5066: 4981:Critical Reflections on Olympic Ideology 4583: 3892: 3524:IOC Sustainability and Legacy Commission 1156:International Olympic Sports Federations 841: 499: 487: 10625: 10623: 10621: 10619: 10500: 7918:IIHF Top 100 Hockey Stories of All-Time 7902: 7298: 7267: 7237: 7148: 6114: 4635:"IOC: A tangled web of wealth, mystery" 4463:"IOC Marketing Supremo: Smile, Beijing" 4455: 4140: 3778: 2034:, the IOC suspended the policy for the 1843: 1748: 1710: 1693: 1642: 856:Categories of the IOC members include: 14: 10787: 7668: 6918: 6839:from the original on 22 September 2018 6826: 6795: 6681: 6549:from the original on 17 September 2017 6523:from the original on 17 September 2017 6315:from the original on 19 September 2014 5940: 5905: 5901: 5899: 5897: 5895: 5893: 5891: 5889: 5831: 5732: 5730: 5589: 5550: 5511: 5472: 5433: 5337: 4978: 4857: 4756:"Sustainability And Legacy Commission" 2416: 1877:by the Chinese government against the 1167: 756:To adopt or amend the Olympic Charter. 310:: Faster, Higher, Stronger – Together) 10820:International sports governing bodies 10499: 10091: 9503: 9472:International World Games Association 8474: 8317: 8272:International World Games Association 8005:International Olympic Committee (IOC) 7972: 7620:from the original on 17 February 2024 7588:from the original on 25 February 2024 7558:from the original on 20 February 2024 7514: 7496:from the original on 27 February 2024 7481: 7430:from the original on 20 December 2023 7187:from the original on 29 November 2023 7099:from the original on 25 November 2021 7058:from the original on 24 November 2021 7026:from the original on 24 November 2021 6808:from the original on 12 February 2019 6694:from the original on 12 February 2019 6607:from the original on 17 December 2017 6437:from the original on 30 December 2017 6239: 6200: 6198: 6148: 6146: 6110: 6108: 6072: 6070: 6068: 6066: 6064: 6062: 6060: 6058: 6042: 6040: 6038: 6036: 5984: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5844:from the original on 9 September 2021 5813:from the original on 9 September 2021 5800: 5673:Mathis-Lilley, Ben (2 October 2014). 5632:; Tabuchi, Hiroko (11 January 2019). 5571:from the original on 12 February 2019 5532:from the original on 12 February 2019 5493:from the original on 12 February 2019 5454:from the original on 12 February 2019 5285:Macintyre, Donald (1 February 1999). 5162:from the original on 23 February 2002 5063: 4489:"How the IOC took on Nike in Atlanta" 4469:from the original on 19 February 2011 4036:from the original on 12 February 2019 3980:from the original on 12 February 2019 3949:from the original on 16 November 2018 3848:from the original on 19 November 2021 3310:IOC Medical and Scientific Commission 3153:IOC Digital and Technology Commission 2303:National Olympic Committee of Ukraine 1686:, the city that had hosted the Games 1217: 1064:Domestic sponsorship, managed by the 10689: 10616: 10604: 9623:Medal table leaders by Olympic Games 7835:Buchanon, Ian; Mallon, Bill (2006). 7694: 7527:from the original on 20 January 2024 7448: 7215:FIE, 1 July 2020 and September 2020. 7157:from the original on 18 January 2024 7130:from the original on 23 January 2024 7012:Bushnell, Henry (22 November 2021). 6993:from the original on 9 December 2021 6777:from the original on 1 February 2018 6575:from the original on 7 December 2017 6411:from the original on 3 December 2017 6381:from the original on 6 December 2017 6289:from the original on 2 December 2013 6076: 5947:Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 5874:from the original on 13 October 2021 5782:from the original on 10 October 2021 4870:from the original on 8 December 2023 4584:Campbell, Struan (22 October 2008). 4291:from the original on 7 February 2019 4141:Gardner, Jamie (16 September 2024). 3905:from the original on 27 October 2016 3799:from the original on 16 January 2023 3758:(Organisation recognised by the IOC) 2384: 1637: 1007: 1003:Coaches’ Lifetime Achievement Awards 927:Sports federations recognized by IOC 301:Citius, Altius, Fortius – Communiter 8462:Oceania National Olympic Committees 7255:from the original on 16 August 2023 7151:"Oceania U20s and Handshaking Rule" 6919:Deaeth, Duncan (20 November 2018). 6887: 6869:from the original on 3 October 2018 6827:Kelner, Martha (28 February 2018). 6751:from the original on 3 October 2018 6720:from the original on 3 October 2018 6619: 6519:. insidethegames.biz. 5 June 2017. 6479: 6449: 6283:"Wrestling dropped from 2020 Games" 6255:James Montague (5 September 2012). 5886: 5727: 5654:from the original on 3 January 2022 5392:. 21 September 2006. Archived from 5036: 4858:Coonan, Clifford (11 August 2008). 4736:from the original on 16 August 2011 4704:from the original on 15 August 2023 4643:. St. Louis, Missouri. p. 24. 4592:from the original on 7 January 2011 4373:from the original on 25 August 2018 4261:from the original on 11 August 2016 4183:from the original on 22 August 2012 3841:. International Olympic Committee. 2409:'s criminal investigation into the 2407:United States Department of Justice 2078:In February 2013, the IOC excluded 2046:London 2012 and the Munich massacre 1739:United States Department of Justice 1616:Canadian Amateur Hockey Association 1311: 1234: 1131:Salt Lake 2002 Organizing Committee 24: 10800:1894 establishments in Switzerland 8822:(baseball, softball and Baseball5) 8277:International Paralympic Committee 7935:from the original on 21 March 2009 7828: 7463:from the original on 20 March 2024 6961:from the original on 13 April 2020 6931:from the original on 5 August 2021 6900:from the original on 13 April 2020 6773:. Olympic Games. 1 February 2018. 6663:from the original on 23 March 2018 6633:from the original on 24 April 2020 6233: 6195: 6143: 6105: 6055: 6033: 5975: 5832:Armour, Nancy (8 September 2021). 4945:from the original on 26 July 2018. 4798:from the original on 7 August 2016 4561:. 14 February 2005. Archived from 4347:from the original on 12 March 2021 3874:from the original on 5 August 2016 3738:International Paralympic Committee 2879:IOC Athletes' Entourage Commission 2825: 2337:Israel at the 2024 Summer Olympics 2132:(WADA) published a report and the 2104:Russia at the 2016 Summer Olympics 1290: 1174:International Paralympic Committee 794:Olympic Broadcasting Services S.L. 559:, and the first Winter YOG was in 467: 286: 25: 10846: 10092: 10070:1906 Intercalated Games 9529: 7948: 7921:. H. B. Fenn & Company, Ltd. 7903:Lenskyj, Helen Jefferson (2000). 7750:from the original on 25 July 2024 7709:from the original on 25 July 2024 7650:from the original on 6 March 2024 7404:from the original on 28 July 2023 7374:from the original on 28 July 2023 7349:from the original on 28 July 2023 7316:from the original on 29 July 2023 7286:from the original on 28 July 2023 7149:Hopkins, Amanda (12 March 2020). 7118:Jomantas, Nicole (6 March 2020). 6796:Lowell, Hugo (23 February 2018). 6285:. Espn.go.com. 14 February 2013. 6263:from the original on 21 June 2018 6117:South African Review of Sociology 6021:from the original on 27 July 2024 5801:Saric, Ivana (8 September 2021). 5297:from the original on 26 June 2022 5267:from the original on 25 June 2022 5210:. Deseretnews.com. Archived from 5004:Benjamin, Daniel (27 July 1992). 4766:from the original on 24 June 2021 4679:from the original on 27 July 2024 4647:from the original on 27 July 2024 4623:– IOC. Retrieved on 7 August 2021 4503:from the original on 10 June 2016 4006:from the original on 6 March 2019 3418:IOC Olympic Solidarity Commission 2254:, and high-ranking member of the 2093: 1850:Bids for the 2022 Winter Olympics 1649:Bids for the 1976 Winter Olympics 1222: 1191: 1077:programmes within host countries. 1055:partnerships, managed by the IOC. 860:Athlete representatives from the 393:Its stated mission is to promote 10740: 10728: 10716: 10688: 10677: 10676: 10664: 10550: 10312: 9953:Art competitions at the Olympics 9770:lighters of the Olympic cauldron 9588:International sports federations 8771:(skiing and snowboarding sports) 8502:International sports federations 8407: 8344: 8298: 8250:International sports federations 7999: 7804: 7783: 7762: 7721: 7688: 7632: 7600: 7570: 7539: 7515:Zidan, Karim (18 January 2024). 7508: 7475: 7442: 7416: 7386: 7218: 7199: 7169: 7142: 7111: 7070: 7038: 7005: 6973: 6943: 6912: 6881: 6851: 6820: 6789: 6763: 6732: 6706: 6682:Lowell, Hugo (1 February 2018). 6675: 6645: 6311:. ESPN.co.uk. 8 September 2013. 6191:– via SciELO South Africa. 5744:. 2 October 2014. Archived from 5715:from the original on 28 May 2022 5685:from the original on 20 May 2022 5610:from the original on 4 June 2016 5473:Gibson, Owen (11 January 2016). 4555:"Boost for London's Olympic Bid" 3587: 3560: 3533: 3506: 3479: 3453: 3427: 3401: 3392:IOC Olympic Programme Commission 3375: 3366:IOC Olympic Education Commission 3349: 3319: 3293: 3267: 3241: 3215: 3188: 3162: 3135: 3109: 3080: 3050: 3021: 2992: 2966: 2940: 2914: 2888: 2862: 2810: 2785: 2765: 2745: 2725: 2705: 2685: 2665: 2645: 2625: 2605: 2580: 2560: 2540: 2520: 2495: 2054:, the IOC decided not to hold a 1804:On 1 March 2016, Owen Gibson of 1339: 933:international sports federations 869:international sports federations 688:Juan Antonio Samaranch Salisachs 232:Juan Antonio Samaranch Salisachs 71: 27:Governing body of Olympic sports 10835:Organisations based in Lausanne 10795:International Olympic Committee 9467:International Olympic Committee 7841:. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. 7812:"The Olympic Partner Programme" 7482:Zirin, Dave (10 January 2024). 7335:Yevhen Kizilov (28 July 2023). 6771:"IOC Statement on CAS decision" 6587: 6561: 6535: 6509: 6393: 6363: 6327: 6301: 6275: 5934: 5856: 5794: 5762: 5697: 5666: 5622: 5583: 5544: 5505: 5466: 5427: 5400: 5378: 5354: 5331: 5309: 5278: 5248: 5226: 5200: 5174: 5114: 5091: 5030: 4997: 4958: 4949: 4908:Soil and Sediment Contamination 4892: 4882: 4851: 4842: 4833: 4823: 4778: 4760:International Olympic Committee 4748: 4716: 4659: 4626: 4577: 4547: 4515: 4481: 4465:. china.org.cn. 6 August 2008. 4359: 4341:International Olympic Committee 4329: 4315:International Olympic Committee 4303: 4273: 4247: 4221: 4195: 4169: 4160: 4134: 4112: 4080: 4048: 4030:International Olympic Committee 4018: 3992: 3793:International Olympic Committee 3232:IOC Members Election Commission 2909:Pierre-Olivier Beckers-Vieujant 2270:Fencing handshaking controversy 1975:and remained in use until the 1731:United States Olympic Committee 1717:2002 Winter Olympic bid scandal 1614:Near the end of the 1960s, the 1034:International Sport and Leisure 769: 720:It is an association under the 705: 319:International Olympic Committee 40:International Olympic Committee 9760:People who opened the Olympics 6739:Aspin, Guy (2 February 2018). 6463:. 30 July 2016. Archived from 6172:10.7196/SAMJ.2019.v109i8.14152 3961: 3935: 3926: 3917: 3886: 3860: 3824: 3811: 2425:Its responsibilities include: 2204:Court of Arbitration for Sport 2032:Court of Arbitration for Sport 1919:Sex verification controversies 1794:Electronic Frontier Foundation 1588:Amateurism and professionalism 831: 731: 551:. The first Summer YOG was in 327:Comité international olympique 47:Comité international olympique 13: 1: 10641:Postponed to 2021 due to the 9798:Olympic Broadcasting Services 9341:(Gaelic football and hurling) 8067:Olympic Broadcasting Services 7616:(in Dutch). 1 November 2023. 7449:York, Chris (20 March 2024). 6159:South African Medical Journal 6129:10.1080/21528586.2019.1699440 6007:10.1080/17430437.2018.1435004 5321:2002 Winter Olympics coverage 4493:Sports Business Journal Daily 4397:"Issues of the Olympic Games" 4231:. olympic.org. Archived from 3772: 3607:The Olympic Partner programme 3130:Khunying Patama Leeswadtrakul 1907:for not being present at the 1800:2016 and 2020 Summer Olympics 519:The IOC organises the modern 458:International Olympic Academy 7695:Mann, Brian (24 July 2024). 6888:Bai, Ari (3 December 2018). 6219:10.1080/09523367.2014.927184 6153:Mahomed, S; Dhai, A (2019). 5590:Gibson, Owen (17 May 2016). 5551:Gibson, Owen (12 May 2016). 5098:Podnieks & Szemberg 2008 5075:Podnieks & Szemberg 2008 5006:"Traditions Pro Vs. Amateur" 4667:"Sun sets on Salt Lake City" 3258:IOC Legal Affairs Commission 3097:IOC Coordination Commission 3067:IOC Coordination Commission 3038:IOC Coordination Commission 3009:IOC Coordination Commission 2171:In contrast to the IOC, the 2168:non-doping related matter). 2073: 1979:. By 2011 the IOC created a 649:environmental sustainability 638:Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics 492:Current IOC headquarters in 373:(NOCs) and of the worldwide 7: 10347:1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen 9777:Keepers of the Olympic flag 9269:(Australian rules football) 8725:Winter Olympics Federations 8515:Summer Olympics Federations 8449:European Olympic Committees 7915:; Szemberg, Szymon (2008). 6344:. June 2016. Archived from 5122:"Summit Series '72 Summary" 4692:"Games (Continued From A1)" 4523:"London Bid 'Has Improved'" 4205:. asoif.com. Archived from 4177:"International federations" 3701: 3528:Albert II, Prince of Monaco 3444:IOC Olympism 365 Commission 2363:Palestine Olympic Committee 2296:Russian invasion of Ukraine 2285:World Fencing Championships 1873:were released, documenting 1141:National Olympic Committees 876:National Olympic Committees 371:National Olympic Committees 10: 10851: 9965:Scandals and controversies 8238:National Olympic Committee 7878:Global entertainment media 7875:Cooper-Chen, Anne (2005). 7274:Aadi Nair (27 July 2023). 6101:– via SAGE journals. 5930:– via SAGE Journals. 4429:Buchanon & Mallon 2006 3370:Mikaela Cojuangco Jaworski 2700:Mikaela Cojuangco Jaworski 2593: 2097: 2001:Maria José Martínez-Patiño 1962:IOC's Athletes' Commission 1847: 1714: 1702:, a report ordered by the 1662:Whistler, British Columbia 1646: 1591: 1426:Scandals and controversies 1147:National Olympic Committee 1144: 1043: 961: 835: 735: 709: 483: 388: 29: 10658: 10599: 10559: 10548: 10508: 10495: 10321: 10310: 10098: 10087: 10012: 9945: 9917:Pierre de Coubertin Medal 9845: 9785: 9745: 9703: 9668: 9596: 9563: 9559: 9537: 9484:IOC recognition withdrawn 9462: 9401:(radio-controlled racing) 9253: 9171: 9033: 8778: 8718: 8573:(dance sport) (associate) 8508: 8455: 8442: 8429: 8416: 8405: 8394: 8356: 8295: 8228: 8210:Pierre de Coubertin Medal 8192: 8087: 8062:Olympic Refuge Foundation 8029: 8011: 6545:. dw.com. 27 April 2017. 5971:– via GALE ONEFILE. 5941:Rupert, James L. (2011). 4928:10.1080/15320380802006905 3943:"Cooperation with the UN" 3821:. Routledge, 2012, p. 678 3492:the international stage. 2846:Mission/Responsibilities 2508: 2323:Russian Olympic Committee 2210:2018 plebiscite in Taiwan 2188:Russian Olympic Committee 2052:2012 Summer Olympic Games 1759:2008 Summer Olympic Games 1421:Pierre de Coubertin Medal 974:Pierre de Coubertin Medal 779:Olympic Refuge Foundation 692:Prince Faisal bin Hussein 636:, and its support of the 628:take down request of the 278: 257: 245: 221: 207: 190: 180: 167: 152: 138: 120: 91: 86: 70: 61: 44: 10481:2034 Salt Lake City–Utah 9927:Olympic Diploma of Merit 9020:(waterski and wakeboard) 8741:(bobsleigh and skeleton) 8305:Olympic Games portal 8220:Olympic Diploma of Merit 8057:IOC Athletes' Commission 6091:10.1177/1357034X19865940 5920:10.1177/0141778919849688 5236:. Mdn.mainichi-msn.co.jp 2987:Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic 2852:IOC Athletes' Commission 2680:Prince Feisal Al Hussein 2403:World Anti-Doping Agency 2283:was disqualified at the 2234:Peng Shuai disappearance 2202:On 1 February 2018, the 2138:Federal Security Service 2130:World Anti-Doping Agency 2128:. In November 2015, the 2050:Before the start of the 1325:Reception and incidences 1178:World Anti-Doping Agency 1032:In 1982 the IOC drafted 912:IOC Athletes' Commission 862:IOC Athletes' Commission 661:PyeongChang, South Korea 647:Detailed frameworks for 333:) is the international, 9489:Seeking IOC recognition 9246:(table football/soccer) 8436:Olympic Council of Asia 7860:. New York: Routledge. 7669:Xinhua (31 July 2024). 7153:. Fencing New Zealand. 7084:The Wall Street Journal 6571:. ESPN. 15 March 2017. 5107:10 October 2017 at the 5084:10 October 2017 at the 4640:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 4497:Sports Business Journal 2355:occupation of Palestine 2325:with immediate effect. 2256:Chinese Communist Party 2181:2014 Winter Paralympics 2177:2016 Summer Paralympics 1994:transgender competitors 1786:Tibetan Protests videos 1098:In July 2000, when the 886:Cessation of membership 821:(Lausanne, Switzerland) 812:IOC Heritage Management 781:(Lausanne, Switzerland) 634:Russian doping scandals 512:, on 23 June 1894 with 508:The IOC was created by 126:; 130 years ago 10376:1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo 10360:1944 Cortina d'Ampezzo 10055:Olympic Esports Series 10004:Participation of women 4979:Eassom, Simon (1994). 3206:IOC Finance Commission 2931:IOC Esports Commission 2535:Juan Antonio Samaranch 2126:doping in East Germany 1698:Eight years after the 1668:following elections. 1600:English public schools 1184:Environmental concerns 1059:Commercial sponsorship 1023:Juan Antonio Samaranch 953:The 42 members of the 939:The 33 members of the 850: 846:The first IOC, at the 815:Olympic Studies Centre 651:were prepared for the 505: 497: 326: 294: 199:(reference language), 105: 46: 10825:Olympic organizations 10075:Ancient Olympic Games 9905:summer (2000-present) 9645:Incentives by country 9311:(Brazilian jiu-jitsu) 9177:observer members (11) 8785:Others recognised by 7770:"IOC Executive Board" 7230:5 August 2023 at the 7211:5 August 2023 at the 6433:. IOC. 24 July 2016. 5960:10.3138/cbmh.28.2.339 5390:Amnesty International 5287:"Japan's Sullied Bid" 4619:8 August 2021 at the 4588:. Sportbusiness.com. 3893:Jagemann, H. (2003). 3672:, its parent company) 3179:IOC Ethics Commission 3104:Kristin Kloster Aasen 2720:Kristin Kloster Aasen 1784:take down notices on 1763:Amnesty International 1145:Further information: 946:The 7 members of the 874:Representatives from 867:Representatives from 845: 836:Further information: 503: 491: 345:. Founded in 1894 by 339:sports governing body 293: 10771:46.51806°N 6.59694°E 9611:All-time medal table 9371:(mixed martial arts) 9347:(downhill ice cross) 9204:(kettlebell lifting) 9128:(practical shooting) 8984:(ski mountaineering) 7456:The Kyiv Independent 7054:. 22 November 2021. 6989:. 22 November 2021. 6957:. 19 November 2018. 6659:. 20 December 2017. 5350:on 15 November 2007. 5327:on 26 February 2002. 4724:"Host City Contract" 4565:on 21 September 2005 4032:. 11 February 2019. 3762:List of IOC meetings 3681:Procter & Gamble 3236:Anne, Princess Royal 2805:Christophe De Kepper 2398:2034 Winter Olympics 2343:2024 Summer Olympics 2330:2024 Summer Olympics 2290:2024 Summer Olympics 2252:Chinese vice premier 2161:2016 Summer Olympics 2142:2014 Winter Olympics 2088:2020 Summer Olympics 2040:2018 Winter Olympics 2036:2016 Summer Olympics 1977:2010 Winter Olympics 1973:2000 Summer Olympics 1949:1968 Winter Olympics 1909:2020 Summer Olympics 1867:2022 Winter Olympics 1844:2022 Winter Olympics 1816:2020 Summer Olympics 1812:2016 Summer Olympics 1749:2008 Summer Olympics 1711:2002 Winter Olympics 1700:1998 Winter Olympics 1694:1998 Winter Olympics 1688:twelve years earlier 1680:2002 Winter Olympics 1676:1972 Winter Olympics 1666:change of government 1643:1976 Winter Olympics 1090:Revenue distribution 738:List of IOC meetings 657:2020 Summer Olympics 653:2018 Winter Olympics 630:2008 Tibetan protest 580:2008 Summer Olympics 252:Christophe De Kepper 77:IOC headquarters in 32:IOC (disambiguation) 10767: / 10502:Youth Olympic Games 10467:2026 Milano Cortina 9014:(university sports) 9008:(underwater sports) 8804:(American football) 8627:(modern pentathlon) 8243:Association of NOCs 7584:. 18 January 2024. 7234:FIE, January 2021.] 6894:The Free China Post 6049:The Washington Post 5870:. 13 October 2021. 5750:on 10 December 2022 5261:The Washington Post 5214:on 1 September 2010 5126:Hockey Hall of Fame 5018:on 2 September 2009 4920:2008SSCIJ..17..205S 4343:. 5 February 2019. 3795:. 29 January 2023. 3686:Samsung Electronics 3652:(joint partnership) 3474:Luis Alberto Moreno 3099:Milano Cortina 2026 2905:IOC Audit Committee 2555:Nawal El Moutawakel 2417:IOC Executive Board 2319:Zaporizhzhia Oblast 1456:Women participation 1168:Other organizations 1106:broadcasting rights 1086:from 2001 to 2004. 595:UN General Assembly 525:Youth Olympic Games 510:Pierre de Coubertin 347:Pierre de Coubertin 236:Nawal El Moutawakel 143:Pierre de Coubertin 41: 10830:Supraorganizations 9413:(snowshoe running) 9377:(mountain running) 8930:(motorcycle sport) 8834:(billiards sports) 8376:Pan American Games 8095:Olympic Congresses 7735:The New York Times 7552:insidethegames.biz 6986:Human Rights Watch 6600:The New York Times 6351:on 25 January 2017 6079:Body & Society 5640:The New York Times 4100:on 27 October 2016 4068:on 27 October 2016 3899:The Sports Journal 3868:"IOC Members List" 3340:Board Of Directors 2359:Israeli airstrikes 2264:Chinese government 2240:Human Rights Watch 2005:Santhi Soundarajan 1296:Soil contamination 1218:Venue construction 931:IOC recognizes 82 851: 599:Permanent Observer 506: 498: 295: 192:Official language 39: 10776:46.51806; 6.59694 10704: 10703: 10654: 10653: 10643:COVID-19 pandemic 10629:Cancelled due to 10610:Cancelled due to 10527:2018 Buenos Aires 10491: 10490: 10381:1960 Squaw Valley 10083: 10082: 9900:summer (pre-2000) 9870:Songs and anthems 9497: 9496: 8894:(ice stock sport) 8468: 8467: 8386:World Beach Games 8311: 8310: 7928:978-1-55168-358-4 7907:. New York: SUNY. 7888:978-0-8058-5168-7 7867:978-0-415-43167-5 7848:978-0-8108-5574-8 6955:The Straits Times 6461:San Diego Tribune 6213:(13): 1557–1576. 5778:. 12 March 2021. 5415:on 18 August 2008 5396:on 18 March 2007. 5344:Chicago Sun-Times 4229:"AIOWF – Members" 4209:on 21 August 2016 4203:"ASOIF – Members" 3832:"Olympic Charter" 3604: 3603: 3422:Robin E. Mitchell 2935:David Lappartient 2823: 2822: 2600:Robin E. Mitchell 2595:Executive Members 2385:2024 WADA scandal 2224:Republic of China 2154:Ministry of Sport 2056:minute of silence 2026:, Indian athlete 1638:Bid controversies 1585: 1584: 1101:Los Angeles Times 1008:Olympic marketing 848:1896 Athens Games 700:Morinari Watanabe 680:David Lappartient 514:Demetrios Vikelas 353:, it is based in 351:Demetrios Vikelas 315: 314: 311: 291: 157:Sports federation 147:Demetrios Vikelas 124:23 June 1894 18:Olympic Committee 16:(Redirected from 10842: 10782: 10781: 10779: 10778: 10777: 10772: 10768: 10765: 10764: 10763: 10760: 10745: 10744: 10743: 10733: 10732: 10731: 10721: 10720: 10719: 10712: 10692: 10691: 10680: 10679: 10669: 10668: 10667: 10645: 10639: 10633: 10627: 10614: 10608: 10573:2016 Lillehammer 10554: 10497: 10496: 10474:2030 French Alps 10456:2018 PyeongChang 10426:1994 Lillehammer 10421:1992 Albertville 10406:1980 Lake Placid 10361: 10354: 10342:1932 Lake Placid 10316: 10281:2028 Los Angeles 10225:1984 Los Angeles 10205:1968 Mexico City 10175: 10168: 10156:1932 Los Angeles 10136: 10089: 10088: 10065:Special Olympics 10020:Paralympic Games 9688:tropical nations 9578:Olympic Congress 9561: 9560: 9524: 9517: 9510: 9501: 9500: 9443:(touch football) 9425:(sport stacking) 9335:(fullbore rifle) 8936:(mountaineering) 8765:(skating sports) 8663:(sport climbing) 8525:(aquatic sports) 8495: 8488: 8481: 8472: 8471: 8411: 8348: 8338: 8331: 8324: 8315: 8314: 8303: 8302: 8301: 8287:Special Olympics 8052:Olympic Congress 8003: 7993: 7986: 7979: 7970: 7969: 7965: 7960: 7959: 7957:Official website 7944: 7942: 7940: 7913:Podnieks, Andrew 7908: 7899: 7897: 7895: 7871: 7852: 7823: 7822: 7820: 7818: 7808: 7802: 7801: 7799: 7797: 7791:"IOC Comissions" 7787: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7766: 7760: 7759: 7757: 7755: 7725: 7719: 7718: 7716: 7714: 7692: 7686: 7685: 7683: 7681: 7666: 7660: 7659: 7657: 7655: 7646:. 6 March 2024. 7636: 7630: 7629: 7627: 7625: 7604: 7598: 7597: 7595: 7593: 7574: 7568: 7567: 7565: 7563: 7543: 7537: 7536: 7534: 7532: 7512: 7506: 7505: 7503: 7501: 7479: 7473: 7472: 7470: 7468: 7446: 7440: 7439: 7437: 7435: 7420: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7409: 7400:. 28 July 2023. 7398:Inside the Games 7390: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7379: 7370:. 28 July 2023. 7358: 7356: 7354: 7342:Ukrainska Pravda 7332: 7326: 7325: 7323: 7321: 7302: 7296: 7295: 7293: 7291: 7271: 7265: 7264: 7262: 7260: 7251:. 27 July 2023. 7241: 7235: 7222: 7216: 7203: 7197: 7196: 7194: 7192: 7183:. 5 March 2020. 7173: 7167: 7166: 7164: 7162: 7146: 7140: 7139: 7137: 7135: 7115: 7109: 7108: 7106: 7104: 7074: 7068: 7067: 7065: 7063: 7042: 7036: 7035: 7033: 7031: 7009: 7003: 7002: 7000: 6998: 6977: 6971: 6970: 6968: 6966: 6947: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6936: 6916: 6910: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6885: 6879: 6878: 6876: 6874: 6855: 6849: 6848: 6846: 6844: 6824: 6818: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6793: 6787: 6786: 6784: 6782: 6767: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6756: 6736: 6730: 6729: 6727: 6725: 6710: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6679: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6649: 6643: 6642: 6640: 6638: 6623: 6617: 6616: 6614: 6612: 6591: 6585: 6584: 6582: 6580: 6565: 6559: 6558: 6556: 6554: 6539: 6533: 6532: 6530: 6528: 6513: 6507: 6506: 6504: 6502: 6497:on 4 August 2016 6493:. Archived from 6483: 6477: 6476: 6474: 6472: 6453: 6447: 6446: 6444: 6442: 6427: 6421: 6420: 6418: 6416: 6407:. 18 July 2016. 6397: 6391: 6390: 6388: 6386: 6377:. 18 July 2016. 6367: 6361: 6360: 6358: 6356: 6350: 6339: 6331: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6320: 6305: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6294: 6279: 6273: 6272: 6270: 6268: 6252: 6246: 6245: 6242:Globe & Mail 6237: 6231: 6230: 6202: 6193: 6192: 6174: 6150: 6141: 6140: 6112: 6103: 6102: 6074: 6053: 6052: 6044: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6026: 6001:(9): 1555–1573. 5995:Sport in Society 5986: 5973: 5972: 5962: 5938: 5932: 5931: 5903: 5884: 5883: 5881: 5879: 5860: 5854: 5853: 5851: 5849: 5829: 5823: 5822: 5820: 5818: 5798: 5792: 5791: 5789: 5787: 5766: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5755: 5749: 5734: 5725: 5724: 5722: 5720: 5711:. October 2014. 5701: 5695: 5694: 5692: 5690: 5670: 5664: 5663: 5661: 5659: 5637: 5626: 5620: 5619: 5617: 5615: 5587: 5581: 5580: 5578: 5576: 5548: 5542: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5509: 5503: 5502: 5500: 5498: 5470: 5464: 5463: 5461: 5459: 5431: 5425: 5424: 5422: 5420: 5411:. Archived from 5404: 5398: 5397: 5382: 5376: 5375: 5374:on 27 July 2011. 5373: 5366: 5358: 5352: 5351: 5346:. Archived from 5335: 5329: 5328: 5313: 5307: 5306: 5304: 5302: 5282: 5276: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5252: 5246: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5230: 5224: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5204: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5178: 5172: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5158:. 12 July 1999. 5148: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5132:on 7 August 2008 5128:. Archived from 5118: 5112: 5095: 5089: 5072: 5061: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5050: 5043: 5034: 5028: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5014:. Archived from 5001: 4995: 4994: 4976: 4965: 4962: 4956: 4953: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4905: 4896: 4890: 4886: 4880: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4855: 4849: 4846: 4840: 4837: 4831: 4827: 4821: 4817: 4808: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4797: 4790: 4782: 4776: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4762:. 10 June 2021. 4752: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4735: 4728: 4720: 4714: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4663: 4657: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4630: 4624: 4611: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4581: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4551: 4545: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4531:. Archived from 4519: 4513: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4499:. 11 July 2005. 4485: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4459: 4453: 4450:Cooper-Chen 2005 4447: 4432: 4426: 4417: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4407:on 25 April 2009 4393: 4387: 4386: 4380: 4378: 4363: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4333: 4327: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4307: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4277: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4251: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4199: 4193: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4173: 4167: 4164: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4138: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4116: 4110: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4099: 4092: 4084: 4078: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4067: 4060: 4052: 4046: 4045: 4043: 4041: 4022: 4016: 4015: 4013: 4011: 3996: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3974:SWI swissinfo.ch 3965: 3959: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3945:. 21 June 2016. 3939: 3933: 3930: 3924: 3921: 3915: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3890: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3864: 3858: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3847: 3836: 3828: 3822: 3815: 3809: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3785: 3767:Olympic Congress 3670:The Swatch Group 3593: 3591: 3590: 3566: 3564: 3563: 3539: 3537: 3536: 3512: 3510: 3509: 3501:Gerardo Werthein 3485: 3483: 3482: 3461:Papua New Guinea 3459: 3457: 3456: 3433: 3431: 3430: 3407: 3405: 3404: 3381: 3379: 3378: 3355: 3353: 3352: 3325: 3323: 3322: 3299: 3297: 3296: 3273: 3271: 3270: 3247: 3245: 3244: 3221: 3219: 3218: 3194: 3192: 3191: 3168: 3166: 3165: 3157:Gerardo Werthein 3141: 3139: 3138: 3115: 3113: 3112: 3086: 3084: 3083: 3056: 3054: 3053: 3045:Nicole Hoevertsz 3040:Los Angeles 2028 3027: 3025: 3024: 2998: 2996: 2995: 2972: 2970: 2969: 2961:Octavian Morariu 2946: 2944: 2943: 2920: 2918: 2917: 2894: 2892: 2891: 2868: 2866: 2865: 2834: 2833: 2816: 2814: 2813: 2800:Director General 2791: 2789: 2788: 2771: 2769: 2768: 2751: 2749: 2748: 2731: 2729: 2728: 2711: 2709: 2708: 2691: 2689: 2688: 2671: 2669: 2668: 2651: 2649: 2648: 2631: 2629: 2628: 2611: 2609: 2608: 2586: 2584: 2583: 2575:Gerardo Werthein 2566: 2564: 2563: 2546: 2544: 2543: 2526: 2524: 2523: 2515:Nicole Hoevertsz 2501: 2499: 2498: 2470: 2469: 2373:, an Israeli in 2347:Israel–Hamas war 2100:Doping in Russia 2024:2014 Asian Games 1981:Hyperandrogenism 1943:perceived to be 1925:sex verification 1905:North Korean NOC 1833:Tsunekazu Takeda 1577: 1570: 1563: 1343: 1329: 1328: 1312:Effects on water 1235:Beijing Olympics 722:Swiss Civil Code 716:Olympic Congress 671:, respectively. 597:granted the IOC 375:Olympic Movement 335:non-governmental 305: 292: 274: 269: 266: 264: 247:Director General 240:Gerardo Werthein 228:Nicole Hoevertsz 134: 132: 127: 116: 108: 102: 94: 93: 75: 66: 57: 49: 42: 38: 21: 10850: 10849: 10845: 10844: 10843: 10841: 10840: 10839: 10785: 10784: 10775: 10773: 10769: 10766: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10754: 10753: 10751: 10741: 10739: 10729: 10727: 10717: 10715: 10707: 10705: 10700: 10665: 10663: 10650: 10649: 10648: 10640: 10636: 10628: 10617: 10609: 10605: 10595: 10594: 10555: 10546: 10545: 10504: 10487: 10486: 10366:1948 St. Moritz 10359: 10352: 10337:1928 St. Moritz 10317: 10308: 10307: 10173: 10166: 10134: 10094: 10079: 10008: 9941: 9841: 9803:Olympic Channel 9781: 9741: 9735:Olympic Stadium 9699: 9683:Winter Olympics 9678:Summer Olympics 9664: 9655:Olympic diploma 9650:Stripped medals 9592: 9555: 9533: 9528: 9498: 9493: 9458: 9455:(ultra running) 9449:(trail running) 9249: 9176: 9167: 9158:(sport fishing) 9056:(arm wrestling) 9035: 9029: 8828:(basque pelota) 8783: 8774: 8723: 8714: 8705:(weightlifting) 8633:(roller sports) 8513: 8504: 8499: 8469: 8464: 8451: 8438: 8425: 8412: 8403: 8390: 8352: 8342: 8312: 8307: 8299: 8297: 8291: 8230: 8224: 8188: 8083: 8072:Olympic Channel 8025: 8007: 7997: 7955: 7954: 7951: 7938: 7936: 7929: 7893: 7891: 7889: 7868: 7849: 7831: 7829:Further reading 7826: 7816: 7814: 7810: 7809: 7805: 7795: 7793: 7789: 7788: 7784: 7774: 7772: 7768: 7767: 7763: 7753: 7751: 7726: 7722: 7712: 7710: 7693: 7689: 7679: 7677: 7667: 7663: 7653: 7651: 7638: 7637: 7633: 7623: 7621: 7606: 7605: 7601: 7591: 7589: 7576: 7575: 7571: 7561: 7559: 7544: 7540: 7530: 7528: 7513: 7509: 7499: 7497: 7480: 7476: 7466: 7464: 7447: 7443: 7433: 7431: 7422: 7421: 7417: 7407: 7405: 7392: 7391: 7387: 7377: 7375: 7360: 7359: 7352: 7350: 7333: 7329: 7319: 7317: 7304: 7303: 7299: 7289: 7287: 7280:The Independent 7272: 7268: 7258: 7256: 7243: 7242: 7238: 7232:Wayback Machine 7223: 7219: 7213:Wayback Machine 7204: 7200: 7190: 7188: 7181:British Fencing 7175: 7174: 7170: 7160: 7158: 7147: 7143: 7133: 7131: 7116: 7112: 7102: 7100: 7075: 7071: 7061: 7059: 7044: 7043: 7039: 7029: 7027: 7010: 7006: 6996: 6994: 6979: 6978: 6974: 6964: 6962: 6949: 6948: 6944: 6934: 6932: 6917: 6913: 6903: 6901: 6886: 6882: 6872: 6870: 6857: 6856: 6852: 6842: 6840: 6825: 6821: 6811: 6809: 6794: 6790: 6780: 6778: 6769: 6768: 6764: 6754: 6752: 6745:The Independent 6737: 6733: 6723: 6721: 6712: 6711: 6707: 6697: 6695: 6680: 6676: 6666: 6664: 6651: 6650: 6646: 6636: 6634: 6625: 6624: 6620: 6610: 6608: 6592: 6588: 6578: 6576: 6567: 6566: 6562: 6552: 6550: 6541: 6540: 6536: 6526: 6524: 6515: 6514: 6510: 6500: 6498: 6485: 6484: 6480: 6470: 6468: 6467:on 31 July 2016 6455: 6454: 6450: 6440: 6438: 6429: 6428: 6424: 6414: 6412: 6399: 6398: 6394: 6384: 6382: 6369: 6368: 6364: 6354: 6352: 6348: 6337: 6333: 6332: 6328: 6318: 6316: 6307: 6306: 6302: 6292: 6290: 6281: 6280: 6276: 6266: 6264: 6253: 6249: 6238: 6234: 6203: 6196: 6151: 6144: 6113: 6106: 6075: 6056: 6045: 6034: 6024: 6022: 5987: 5976: 5939: 5935: 5908:Feminist Review 5904: 5887: 5877: 5875: 5862: 5861: 5857: 5847: 5845: 5830: 5826: 5816: 5814: 5799: 5795: 5785: 5783: 5768: 5767: 5763: 5753: 5751: 5742:Financial Times 5736: 5735: 5728: 5718: 5716: 5703: 5702: 5698: 5688: 5686: 5671: 5667: 5657: 5655: 5627: 5623: 5613: 5611: 5588: 5584: 5574: 5572: 5549: 5545: 5535: 5533: 5510: 5506: 5496: 5494: 5471: 5467: 5457: 5455: 5432: 5428: 5418: 5416: 5407: 5405: 5401: 5384: 5383: 5379: 5371: 5364: 5360: 5359: 5355: 5336: 5332: 5315: 5314: 5310: 5300: 5298: 5283: 5279: 5270: 5268: 5263:, pp. A1, 5253: 5249: 5239: 5237: 5232: 5231: 5227: 5217: 5215: 5206: 5205: 5201: 5191: 5189: 5180: 5179: 5175: 5165: 5163: 5150: 5149: 5145: 5135: 5133: 5120: 5119: 5115: 5109:Wayback Machine 5096: 5092: 5086:Wayback Machine 5073: 5064: 5054: 5052: 5048: 5041: 5037:Schantz, Otto. 5035: 5031: 5021: 5019: 5002: 4998: 4991: 4977: 4968: 4963: 4959: 4954: 4950: 4942: 4903: 4897: 4893: 4887: 4883: 4873: 4871: 4864:The Independent 4856: 4852: 4847: 4843: 4838: 4834: 4828: 4824: 4818: 4811: 4801: 4799: 4795: 4788: 4784: 4783: 4779: 4769: 4767: 4754: 4753: 4749: 4739: 4737: 4733: 4726: 4722: 4721: 4717: 4707: 4705: 4690: 4682: 4680: 4665: 4664: 4660: 4650: 4648: 4631: 4627: 4621:Wayback Machine 4612: 4605: 4595: 4593: 4582: 4578: 4568: 4566: 4553: 4552: 4548: 4538: 4536: 4521: 4520: 4516: 4506: 4504: 4487: 4486: 4482: 4472: 4470: 4461: 4460: 4456: 4448: 4435: 4427: 4420: 4410: 4408: 4395: 4394: 4390: 4376: 4374: 4365: 4364: 4360: 4350: 4348: 4335: 4334: 4330: 4320: 4318: 4309: 4308: 4304: 4294: 4292: 4279: 4278: 4274: 4264: 4262: 4257:. ARISF. 2018. 4253: 4252: 4248: 4238: 4236: 4235:on 29 June 2012 4227: 4226: 4222: 4212: 4210: 4201: 4200: 4196: 4186: 4184: 4179:. olympic.org. 4175: 4174: 4170: 4165: 4161: 4151: 4149: 4147:The Independent 4139: 4135: 4125: 4123: 4118: 4117: 4113: 4103: 4101: 4097: 4090: 4086: 4085: 4081: 4071: 4069: 4065: 4058: 4054: 4053: 4049: 4039: 4037: 4024: 4023: 4019: 4009: 4007: 4000:"OLYMPIC HOUSE" 3998: 3997: 3993: 3983: 3981: 3966: 3962: 3952: 3950: 3941: 3940: 3936: 3931: 3927: 3922: 3918: 3908: 3906: 3891: 3887: 3877: 3875: 3866: 3865: 3861: 3851: 3849: 3845: 3834: 3830: 3829: 3825: 3816: 3812: 3802: 3800: 3787: 3786: 3779: 3775: 3704: 3609: 3588: 3586: 3561: 3559: 3534: 3532: 3507: 3505: 3480: 3478: 3454: 3452: 3428: 3426: 3402: 3400: 3376: 3374: 3350: 3348: 3344:Richard Carrión 3338:Olympic Channel 3320: 3318: 3294: 3292: 3268: 3266: 3242: 3240: 3216: 3214: 3189: 3187: 3163: 3161: 3136: 3134: 3110: 3108: 3081: 3079: 3075:Kirsty Coventry 3051: 3049: 3022: 3020: 3016:Kirsty Coventry 2993: 2991: 2967: 2965: 2941: 2939: 2915: 2913: 2889: 2887: 2863: 2861: 2828: 2826:IOC Commissions 2811: 2809: 2786: 2784: 2766: 2764: 2760:Kirsty Coventry 2746: 2744: 2726: 2724: 2706: 2704: 2686: 2684: 2666: 2664: 2646: 2644: 2626: 2624: 2606: 2604: 2581: 2579: 2561: 2559: 2541: 2539: 2521: 2519: 2510:Vice Presidents 2496: 2494: 2419: 2387: 2339: 2298: 2272: 2236: 2212: 2150:Richard McLaren 2134:World Athletics 2118: 2096: 2076: 2060:Munich massacre 2048: 1921: 1871:Xinjiang Papers 1865:to bid for the 1852: 1846: 1802: 1771:Olympic Charter 1751: 1719: 1713: 1696: 1651: 1645: 1640: 1596: 1590: 1581: 1327: 1314: 1293: 1291:Effects on soil 1237: 1225: 1220: 1194: 1186: 1176:(IPC), and the 1170: 1158: 1149: 1143: 1119: 1046: 1010: 969:Other honours. 964: 929: 918:their election. 888: 840: 834: 772: 740: 734: 718: 708: 684:Kirsty Coventry 642:Xinjiang Papers 541:Winter Olympics 529:Summer Olympics 486: 477:Olympic Charter 470: 468:IOC member oath 391: 304: 287: 285: 261: 248: 238: 234: 230: 224: 223:Vice Presidents 212: 193: 183: 172: 171:Olympic House, 145: 130: 128: 125: 110: 96: 82: 51: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10848: 10838: 10837: 10832: 10827: 10822: 10817: 10812: 10807: 10802: 10797: 10750: 10749: 10737: 10725: 10702: 10701: 10699: 10698: 10686: 10674: 10659: 10656: 10655: 10652: 10651: 10647: 10646: 10634: 10615: 10602: 10601: 10600: 10597: 10596: 10593: 10592: 10585: 10580: 10575: 10570: 10568:2012 Innsbruck 10564: 10563: 10561: 10557: 10556: 10549: 10547: 10544: 10543: 10536: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10517:2010 Singapore 10513: 10512: 10510: 10506: 10505: 10493: 10492: 10489: 10488: 10485: 10484: 10477: 10470: 10463: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10446:2010 Vancouver 10443: 10438: 10436:2002 Salt Lake 10433: 10428: 10423: 10418: 10413: 10408: 10403: 10401:1976 Innsbruck 10398: 10393: 10388: 10386:1964 Innsbruck 10383: 10378: 10373: 10368: 10363: 10356: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10334: 10328: 10327: 10325: 10319: 10318: 10311: 10309: 10306: 10305: 10298: 10291: 10284: 10277: 10272: 10267: 10262: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10237: 10235:1992 Barcelona 10232: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10202: 10197: 10192: 10190:1956 Melbourne 10187: 10182: 10177: 10170: 10163: 10158: 10153: 10151:1928 Amsterdam 10148: 10143: 10138: 10131: 10129:1912 Stockholm 10126: 10121: 10119:1904 St. Louis 10116: 10111: 10105: 10104: 10102: 10096: 10095: 10085: 10084: 10081: 10080: 10078: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10051: 10050: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10030: 10022: 10016: 10014: 10010: 10009: 10007: 10006: 10001: 10000: 9999: 9994: 9984: 9983: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9962: 9961: 9960: 9949: 9947: 9943: 9942: 9940: 9939: 9934: 9932:Olympic Laurel 9929: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9913: 9912: 9907: 9902: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9878: 9877: 9867: 9862: 9857: 9851: 9849: 9843: 9842: 9840: 9839: 9834: 9833: 9832: 9827: 9819: 9814: 9813: 9812: 9811: 9810: 9800: 9789: 9787: 9783: 9782: 9780: 9779: 9774: 9773: 9772: 9762: 9757: 9751: 9749: 9743: 9742: 9740: 9739: 9738: 9737: 9732: 9722: 9721: 9720: 9709: 9707: 9701: 9700: 9698: 9697: 9696: 9695: 9690: 9680: 9674: 9672: 9666: 9665: 9663: 9662: 9657: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9636: 9635: 9625: 9620: 9619: 9618: 9608: 9602: 9600: 9594: 9593: 9591: 9590: 9585: 9580: 9575: 9569: 9567: 9557: 9556: 9554: 9553: 9546: 9543:Olympic sports 9538: 9535: 9534: 9527: 9526: 9519: 9512: 9504: 9495: 9494: 9492: 9491: 9486: 9480: 9479: 9474: 9469: 9463: 9460: 9459: 9457: 9456: 9450: 9444: 9438: 9437:(tent pegging) 9432: 9431:(table hockey) 9426: 9420: 9414: 9408: 9402: 9396: 9390: 9384: 9383:(ocean rowing) 9378: 9372: 9366: 9360: 9354: 9348: 9342: 9336: 9330: 9324: 9318: 9312: 9306: 9300: 9294: 9288: 9287:(bodyboarding) 9282: 9276: 9270: 9264: 9257: 9255: 9251: 9250: 9248: 9247: 9241: 9240:(rugby league) 9235: 9229: 9223: 9217: 9211: 9205: 9199: 9193: 9187: 9180: 9178: 9169: 9168: 9166: 9165: 9159: 9153: 9147: 9141: 9140:(sepak takraw) 9135: 9129: 9123: 9122:(powerlifting) 9117: 9111: 9105: 9099: 9093: 9087: 9081: 9075: 9069: 9063: 9062:(bodybuilding) 9057: 9051: 9044: 9042: 9031: 9030: 9028: 9027: 9021: 9015: 9009: 9003: 8997: 8991: 8985: 8979: 8973: 8967: 8966:(powerboating) 8961: 8955: 8954:(orienteering) 8949: 8943: 8937: 8931: 8925: 8919: 8913: 8907: 8901: 8895: 8889: 8883: 8877: 8871: 8865: 8859: 8853: 8847: 8841: 8835: 8829: 8823: 8817: 8811: 8805: 8799: 8792: 8790: 8776: 8775: 8773: 8772: 8766: 8760: 8754: 8748: 8742: 8736: 8729: 8727: 8716: 8715: 8713: 8712: 8706: 8700: 8694: 8688: 8682: 8676: 8675:(table tennis) 8670: 8664: 8658: 8652: 8646: 8640: 8634: 8628: 8622: 8616: 8615:(field hockey) 8610: 8604: 8598: 8592: 8586: 8580: 8574: 8568: 8562: 8556: 8550: 8544: 8538: 8532: 8526: 8519: 8517: 8506: 8505: 8498: 8497: 8490: 8483: 8475: 8466: 8465: 8459: 8457: 8453: 8452: 8446: 8444: 8440: 8439: 8433: 8431: 8427: 8426: 8420: 8418: 8414: 8413: 8406: 8404: 8398: 8396: 8392: 8391: 8389: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8371:European Games 8368: 8363: 8357: 8354: 8353: 8341: 8340: 8333: 8326: 8318: 8309: 8308: 8296: 8293: 8292: 8290: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8268: 8267: 8265:IOC Recognised 8262: 8257: 8247: 8246: 8245: 8234: 8232: 8226: 8225: 8223: 8222: 8217: 8215:Olympic Laurel 8212: 8207: 8202: 8196: 8194: 8190: 8189: 8187: 8186: 8185: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8104: 8103: 8102: 8091: 8089: 8085: 8084: 8082: 8081: 8080: 8079: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8033: 8031: 8027: 8026: 8024: 8023: 8018: 8012: 8009: 8008: 7996: 7995: 7988: 7981: 7973: 7967: 7966: 7950: 7949:External links 7947: 7946: 7945: 7927: 7909: 7900: 7887: 7872: 7866: 7853: 7847: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7824: 7803: 7782: 7761: 7720: 7687: 7661: 7631: 7599: 7569: 7538: 7507: 7474: 7441: 7415: 7385: 7327: 7297: 7266: 7236: 7217: 7198: 7168: 7141: 7110: 7069: 7037: 7004: 6972: 6942: 6911: 6880: 6850: 6819: 6788: 6762: 6731: 6705: 6674: 6644: 6618: 6586: 6560: 6534: 6508: 6478: 6448: 6422: 6392: 6362: 6326: 6300: 6274: 6247: 6232: 6194: 6165:(8): 548–551. 6142: 6104: 6054: 6032: 5974: 5953:(2): 339–365. 5933: 5885: 5855: 5824: 5793: 5761: 5726: 5696: 5679:Slate Magazine 5665: 5621: 5582: 5543: 5504: 5465: 5426: 5399: 5377: 5353: 5330: 5308: 5277: 5247: 5225: 5199: 5188:on 1 June 2009 5173: 5143: 5113: 5090: 5062: 5029: 4996: 4989: 4966: 4964:Ouyang W. 313. 4957: 4948: 4914:(3): 205–220. 4891: 4881: 4850: 4841: 4832: 4822: 4809: 4777: 4747: 4715: 4658: 4625: 4603: 4576: 4546: 4535:on 15 May 2011 4514: 4480: 4454: 4452:, p. 231. 4433: 4418: 4401:Olympic Primer 4388: 4358: 4328: 4317:. 20 June 2023 4302: 4272: 4246: 4220: 4194: 4168: 4159: 4133: 4122:. olympics.com 4111: 4079: 4047: 4017: 3991: 3960: 3934: 3925: 3916: 3885: 3859: 3823: 3810: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3770: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3753: 3747: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3723: 3717: 3711: 3703: 3700: 3699: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3608: 3605: 3602: 3601: 3597: 3595:Czech Republic 3584: 3579: 3575: 3574: 3570: 3557: 3552: 3548: 3547: 3543: 3530: 3525: 3521: 3520: 3516: 3503: 3498: 3494: 3493: 3489: 3476: 3471: 3467: 3466: 3463: 3450: 3448:Auvita Rapilla 3445: 3441: 3440: 3437: 3424: 3419: 3415: 3414: 3411: 3398: 3393: 3389: 3388: 3385: 3372: 3367: 3363: 3362: 3359: 3346: 3341: 3333: 3332: 3329: 3316: 3311: 3307: 3306: 3303: 3301:Czech Republic 3290: 3285: 3281: 3280: 3277: 3264: 3259: 3255: 3254: 3251: 3249:United Kingdom 3238: 3233: 3229: 3228: 3225: 3212: 3207: 3203: 3202: 3198: 3185: 3180: 3176: 3175: 3172: 3159: 3154: 3150: 3149: 3145: 3132: 3127: 3123: 3122: 3119: 3106: 3101: 3094: 3093: 3090: 3077: 3072: 3064: 3063: 3060: 3047: 3042: 3035: 3034: 3031: 3018: 3013: 3006: 3005: 3002: 2989: 2984: 2980: 2979: 2976: 2963: 2958: 2954: 2953: 2950: 2937: 2932: 2928: 2927: 2924: 2911: 2906: 2902: 2901: 2898: 2885: 2880: 2876: 2875: 2872: 2859: 2854: 2848: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2820: 2807: 2802: 2796: 2795: 2782: 2776: 2775: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2742: 2736: 2735: 2722: 2716: 2715: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2682: 2676: 2675: 2662: 2656: 2655: 2642: 2636: 2635: 2622: 2616: 2615: 2602: 2597: 2591: 2590: 2577: 2571: 2570: 2557: 2551: 2550: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2517: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2492: 2487: 2481: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2468: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2418: 2415: 2386: 2383: 2338: 2335: 2315:Kherson Oblast 2311:Luhansk Oblast 2307:Donetsk Oblast 2297: 2294: 2271: 2268: 2235: 2232: 2220:Chinese Taipei 2211: 2208: 2197:Olympic Anthem 2108:McLaren Report 2095: 2094:Russian doping 2092: 2084:Olympic sports 2082:from its core 2075: 2072: 2047: 2044: 2009:Caster Semenya 1941:women athletes 1929:ancient Greece 1920: 1917: 1881:population in 1848:Main article: 1845: 1842: 1801: 1798: 1750: 1747: 1715:Main article: 1712: 1709: 1695: 1692: 1672:Salt Lake City 1647:Main article: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1592:Main article: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1582: 1580: 1579: 1572: 1565: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1552: 1551: 1546: 1538: 1537: 1533: 1532: 1531: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1497: 1496: 1495:Regional games 1492: 1491: 1490: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1466: 1465: 1461: 1460: 1459: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1350: 1349: 1345: 1344: 1336: 1335: 1326: 1323: 1313: 1310: 1292: 1289: 1236: 1233: 1224: 1223:Effects on air 1221: 1219: 1216: 1215: 1214: 1211:United Nations 1207: 1204: 1201: 1193: 1192:IOC approaches 1190: 1185: 1182: 1169: 1166: 1157: 1154: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1137: 1134: 1127: 1118: 1115: 1092: 1091: 1079: 1078: 1072: 1069: 1062: 1056: 1045: 1042: 1014:Avery Brundage 1009: 1006: 1005: 1004: 1001: 995: 992:Olympic Laurel 989: 983: 977: 963: 960: 959: 958: 951: 944: 928: 925: 924: 923: 919: 915: 908: 905: 902: 898: 895: 887: 884: 883: 882: 879: 872: 865: 833: 830: 829: 828: 825: 822: 819:Olympic Museum 816: 813: 810: 807: 804: 801: 791: 788: 785: 782: 776: 771: 768: 767: 766: 763: 760: 757: 733: 730: 726:articles 60–79 707: 704: 615:Olympic Museum 496:, Switzerland. 485: 482: 469: 466: 465: 464: 461: 454: 451: 448: 445: 442: 439: 436: 433: 430: 427: 424: 421: 418: 411: 408: 405: 402: 390: 387: 341:of the modern 313: 312: 283:Olympic Anthem 276: 275: 259: 255: 254: 249: 246: 243: 242: 225: 222: 219: 218: 213: 208: 205: 204: 194: 191: 188: 187: 184: 181: 178: 177: 169: 165: 164: 154: 150: 149: 140: 136: 135: 122: 118: 117: 88: 84: 83: 76: 68: 67: 59: 58: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10847: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10826: 10823: 10821: 10818: 10816: 10813: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10798: 10796: 10793: 10792: 10790: 10783: 10780: 10748: 10738: 10736: 10726: 10724: 10714: 10713: 10710: 10697: 10696: 10687: 10685: 10684: 10675: 10673: 10672: 10661: 10660: 10657: 10644: 10638: 10632: 10626: 10624: 10622: 10620: 10613: 10607: 10603: 10598: 10591: 10590: 10586: 10584: 10581: 10579: 10578:2020 Lausanne 10576: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10566: 10565: 10562: 10558: 10553: 10542: 10541: 10537: 10535: 10534: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10514: 10511: 10507: 10503: 10498: 10494: 10483: 10482: 10478: 10476: 10475: 10471: 10469: 10468: 10464: 10462: 10459: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10449: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10424: 10422: 10419: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10411:1984 Sarajevo 10409: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10391:1968 Grenoble 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10357: 10355: 10350: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10332:1924 Chamonix 10330: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10320: 10315: 10304: 10303: 10299: 10297: 10296: 10292: 10290: 10289: 10288:2032 Brisbane 10285: 10283: 10282: 10278: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10215:1976 Montreal 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10185:1952 Helsinki 10183: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10171: 10169: 10164: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10097: 10093:Olympic Games 10090: 10086: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10041: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10026: 10025: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10017: 10015: 10011: 10005: 10002: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9989: 9988: 9985: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9967: 9966: 9963: 9959: 9956: 9955: 9954: 9951: 9950: 9948: 9944: 9938: 9937:Olympic Order 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9897: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9876: 9873: 9872: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9852: 9850: 9848: 9844: 9838: 9835: 9831: 9828: 9826: 9823: 9822: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9809: 9806: 9805: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9795: 9794: 9791: 9790: 9788: 9784: 9778: 9775: 9771: 9768: 9767: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9752: 9750: 9748: 9744: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9728: 9727: 9726: 9723: 9719: 9716: 9715: 9714: 9711: 9710: 9708: 9706: 9702: 9694: 9693:country codes 9691: 9689: 9686: 9685: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9675: 9673: 9671: 9667: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9634: 9631: 9630: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9617: 9614: 9613: 9612: 9609: 9607: 9604: 9603: 9601: 9599: 9595: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9570: 9568: 9566: 9562: 9558: 9552: 9551: 9547: 9545: 9544: 9540: 9539: 9536: 9532: 9531:Olympic Games 9525: 9520: 9518: 9513: 9511: 9506: 9505: 9502: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9481: 9478: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9464: 9461: 9454: 9451: 9448: 9445: 9442: 9439: 9436: 9433: 9430: 9427: 9424: 9421: 9418: 9415: 9412: 9409: 9406: 9403: 9400: 9397: 9394: 9391: 9388: 9385: 9382: 9379: 9376: 9373: 9370: 9367: 9365:(landsailing) 9364: 9361: 9358: 9355: 9352: 9349: 9346: 9343: 9340: 9337: 9334: 9331: 9328: 9325: 9322: 9319: 9316: 9313: 9310: 9307: 9304: 9301: 9298: 9295: 9292: 9289: 9286: 9283: 9281:(ball hockey) 9280: 9277: 9274: 9271: 9268: 9265: 9262: 9259: 9258: 9256: 9252: 9245: 9242: 9239: 9236: 9233: 9230: 9227: 9224: 9221: 9218: 9215: 9212: 9209: 9206: 9203: 9200: 9197: 9194: 9191: 9188: 9185: 9182: 9181: 9179: 9175: 9170: 9163: 9160: 9157: 9154: 9152:(soft tennis) 9151: 9148: 9145: 9142: 9139: 9136: 9133: 9130: 9127: 9124: 9121: 9118: 9115: 9112: 9109: 9106: 9103: 9100: 9097: 9094: 9091: 9088: 9085: 9082: 9080:(dragon boat) 9079: 9076: 9073: 9070: 9067: 9064: 9061: 9058: 9055: 9052: 9049: 9046: 9045: 9043: 9041: 9040: 9032: 9025: 9022: 9019: 9016: 9013: 9010: 9007: 9004: 9001: 8998: 8995: 8992: 8989: 8986: 8983: 8980: 8977: 8974: 8972:(racquetball) 8971: 8968: 8965: 8962: 8959: 8956: 8953: 8950: 8947: 8944: 8941: 8938: 8935: 8932: 8929: 8926: 8924:(life saving) 8923: 8920: 8917: 8914: 8911: 8908: 8905: 8902: 8899: 8896: 8893: 8890: 8888:(flying disc) 8887: 8884: 8881: 8878: 8876:(dance sport) 8875: 8872: 8869: 8866: 8863: 8860: 8857: 8854: 8851: 8848: 8845: 8842: 8839: 8836: 8833: 8830: 8827: 8824: 8821: 8818: 8815: 8812: 8810:(auto racing) 8809: 8806: 8803: 8800: 8797: 8794: 8793: 8791: 8789: 8788: 8781: 8777: 8770: 8767: 8764: 8761: 8758: 8755: 8752: 8749: 8746: 8743: 8740: 8737: 8734: 8731: 8730: 8728: 8726: 8721: 8717: 8710: 8707: 8704: 8701: 8698: 8695: 8692: 8689: 8686: 8683: 8680: 8677: 8674: 8671: 8668: 8665: 8662: 8659: 8656: 8653: 8650: 8647: 8645:(rugby union) 8644: 8641: 8638: 8635: 8632: 8629: 8626: 8623: 8620: 8617: 8614: 8611: 8608: 8605: 8602: 8599: 8596: 8593: 8590: 8587: 8584: 8581: 8578: 8575: 8572: 8569: 8566: 8563: 8560: 8557: 8554: 8551: 8548: 8545: 8542: 8539: 8536: 8533: 8530: 8527: 8524: 8521: 8520: 8518: 8516: 8511: 8507: 8503: 8496: 8491: 8489: 8484: 8482: 8477: 8476: 8473: 8463: 8458: 8454: 8450: 8445: 8441: 8437: 8432: 8428: 8424: 8419: 8415: 8410: 8402: 8397: 8393: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8381:Pacific Games 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8361:African Games 8359: 8358: 8355: 8351: 8347: 8339: 8334: 8332: 8327: 8325: 8320: 8319: 8316: 8306: 8294: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8252: 8251: 8248: 8244: 8241: 8240: 8239: 8236: 8235: 8233: 8231:Organizations 8227: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8200:Olympic Order 8198: 8197: 8195: 8191: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8109: 8108: 8105: 8101: 8098: 8097: 8096: 8093: 8092: 8090: 8086: 8078: 8075: 8074: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8034: 8032: 8028: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8013: 8010: 8006: 8002: 7994: 7989: 7987: 7982: 7980: 7975: 7974: 7971: 7964: 7958: 7953: 7952: 7934: 7930: 7924: 7920: 7919: 7914: 7910: 7906: 7901: 7890: 7884: 7880: 7879: 7873: 7869: 7863: 7859: 7854: 7850: 7844: 7840: 7839: 7833: 7832: 7813: 7807: 7792: 7786: 7771: 7765: 7749: 7745: 7741: 7737: 7736: 7731: 7724: 7708: 7704: 7703: 7698: 7691: 7676: 7672: 7665: 7649: 7645: 7641: 7635: 7619: 7615: 7614: 7609: 7603: 7587: 7583: 7579: 7573: 7557: 7553: 7549: 7542: 7526: 7522: 7518: 7511: 7495: 7491: 7490: 7485: 7478: 7462: 7458: 7457: 7452: 7445: 7429: 7425: 7419: 7403: 7399: 7395: 7389: 7373: 7369: 7368: 7363: 7348: 7344: 7343: 7338: 7331: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7301: 7285: 7281: 7277: 7270: 7254: 7250: 7246: 7240: 7233: 7229: 7226: 7221: 7214: 7210: 7207: 7202: 7186: 7182: 7178: 7172: 7156: 7152: 7145: 7129: 7125: 7121: 7114: 7098: 7094: 7090: 7086: 7085: 7080: 7073: 7057: 7053: 7052: 7047: 7041: 7025: 7021: 7020: 7019:Yahoo! Sports 7015: 7008: 6992: 6988: 6987: 6982: 6976: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6946: 6930: 6926: 6922: 6915: 6899: 6895: 6891: 6884: 6868: 6864: 6860: 6854: 6838: 6834: 6830: 6823: 6807: 6803: 6799: 6792: 6776: 6772: 6766: 6750: 6746: 6742: 6735: 6719: 6715: 6709: 6693: 6689: 6685: 6678: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6648: 6632: 6628: 6622: 6606: 6602: 6601: 6597: 6590: 6574: 6570: 6564: 6548: 6544: 6538: 6522: 6518: 6512: 6496: 6492: 6488: 6482: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6452: 6436: 6432: 6426: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6396: 6380: 6376: 6372: 6366: 6347: 6343: 6336: 6330: 6314: 6310: 6304: 6288: 6284: 6278: 6262: 6258: 6251: 6243: 6236: 6228: 6224: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6201: 6199: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6149: 6147: 6138: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6111: 6109: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6073: 6071: 6069: 6067: 6065: 6063: 6061: 6059: 6050: 6043: 6041: 6039: 6037: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5985: 5983: 5981: 5979: 5970: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5937: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5902: 5900: 5898: 5896: 5894: 5892: 5890: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5859: 5843: 5839: 5835: 5828: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5797: 5781: 5777: 5776: 5771: 5765: 5748: 5743: 5739: 5733: 5731: 5714: 5710: 5709:CBSSports.com 5706: 5700: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5669: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5625: 5609: 5605: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5586: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5547: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5508: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5469: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5430: 5414: 5410: 5403: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5381: 5370: 5363: 5357: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5334: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5312: 5296: 5292: 5291:Time Magazine 5288: 5281: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5251: 5235: 5229: 5213: 5209: 5203: 5187: 5183: 5177: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5147: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5117: 5110: 5106: 5103: 5099: 5094: 5087: 5083: 5080: 5076: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5051:on 5 May 2013 5047: 5040: 5033: 5017: 5013: 5012: 5007: 5000: 4992: 4990:0-7714-1697-0 4986: 4982: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4961: 4952: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4902: 4895: 4885: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4854: 4845: 4836: 4826: 4816: 4814: 4794: 4787: 4781: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4751: 4732: 4729:. IOC. 2009. 4725: 4719: 4703: 4699: 4698: 4693: 4678: 4674: 4673: 4668: 4662: 4646: 4642: 4641: 4636: 4629: 4622: 4618: 4615: 4610: 4608: 4591: 4587: 4580: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4550: 4534: 4530: 4529: 4528:Sporting Life 4524: 4518: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4484: 4468: 4464: 4458: 4451: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4431:, p. ci. 4430: 4425: 4423: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4392: 4385: 4372: 4368: 4362: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4332: 4316: 4312: 4306: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4276: 4260: 4256: 4250: 4234: 4230: 4224: 4208: 4204: 4198: 4182: 4178: 4172: 4163: 4148: 4144: 4137: 4121: 4115: 4096: 4089: 4083: 4064: 4057: 4051: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4021: 4005: 4001: 3995: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3964: 3948: 3944: 3938: 3929: 3920: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3889: 3873: 3869: 3863: 3844: 3840: 3833: 3827: 3820: 3814: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3784: 3782: 3777: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3706: 3705: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3650:Mengniu Dairy 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3631:Alibaba Group 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3613: 3612: 3598: 3596: 3585: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3576: 3571: 3569: 3558: 3556: 3555:Lydia Nsekera 3553: 3550: 3549: 3544: 3542: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3522: 3517: 3515: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3495: 3490: 3488: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3468: 3464: 3462: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3443: 3442: 3438: 3436: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3416: 3412: 3410: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3390: 3386: 3384: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3365: 3364: 3360: 3358: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3339: 3335: 3334: 3330: 3328: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3308: 3304: 3302: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3283: 3282: 3278: 3276: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3256: 3252: 3250: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3230: 3226: 3224: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3204: 3199: 3197: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3171: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3151: 3146: 3144: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3124: 3120: 3118: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3096: 3095: 3091: 3089: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3059: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3037: 3036: 3032: 3030: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3011:Brisbane 2032 3008: 3007: 3003: 3001: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2981: 2977: 2975: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2955: 2951: 2949: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2929: 2925: 2923: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2903: 2899: 2897: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2877: 2873: 2871: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2849: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2835: 2832: 2819: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2797: 2794: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2777: 2774: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2754: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2737: 2734: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2714: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2697: 2694: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2677: 2674: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2657: 2654: 2643: 2641: 2640:Nenad Lalović 2638: 2637: 2634: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2617: 2614: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2589: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2569: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2552: 2549: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2529: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2507: 2504: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2482: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2471: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2427: 2426: 2423: 2414: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2392: 2382: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2367:Fethi Nourine 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2334: 2331: 2326: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2293: 2291: 2286: 2282: 2277: 2267: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2244:disappearance 2241: 2231: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2207: 2205: 2200: 2198: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2169: 2166: 2162: 2157: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2091: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2064:Jacques Rogge 2061: 2057: 2053: 2043: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1997: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1965: 1963: 1959: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1937: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1923:The IOC uses 1916: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1899: 1895: 1894:Great Britain 1891: 1890:United States 1886: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1859: 1857: 1851: 1841: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1808: 1797: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1746: 1742: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1718: 1708: 1705: 1701: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1667: 1663: 1658: 1656: 1650: 1635: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1612: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1595: 1578: 1573: 1571: 1566: 1564: 1559: 1558: 1556: 1555: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1541: 1540: 1539: 1536:Defunct games 1535: 1534: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1518:Mediterranean 1516: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1498: 1494: 1493: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1469: 1468: 1467: 1463: 1462: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1353: 1352: 1351: 1347: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1337: 1334: 1333:Olympic Games 1331: 1330: 1322: 1318: 1309: 1306: 1300: 1297: 1288: 1286: 1285:silver iodide 1280: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1232: 1230: 1212: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1197: 1189: 1181: 1179: 1175: 1165: 1163: 1153: 1148: 1135: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1123: 1122: 1114: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1102: 1096: 1089: 1088: 1087: 1085: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1050: 1049: 1041: 1039: 1038:Michael Payne 1035: 1030: 1028: 1027:Richard Pound 1024: 1018: 1015: 1002: 999: 996: 993: 990: 987: 986:Olympic Order 984: 981: 978: 975: 972: 971: 970: 967: 956: 952: 949: 945: 942: 938: 937: 936: 934: 920: 916: 913: 909: 906: 903: 899: 896: 893: 892: 891: 880: 877: 873: 870: 866: 863: 859: 858: 857: 854: 849: 844: 839: 826: 823: 820: 817: 814: 811: 808: 805: 802: 799: 795: 792: 789: 786: 783: 780: 777: 774: 773: 764: 761: 758: 755: 754: 753: 750: 747: 745: 739: 729: 727: 723: 717: 713: 703: 701: 697: 696:Johan Eliasch 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 676:Sebastian Coe 672: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 645: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 622: 620: 616: 612: 607: 605: 604:Olympic Truce 600: 596: 593:In 2009, the 591: 589: 588:water quality 585: 581: 576: 572: 568: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 547:, France, in 546: 542: 538: 535:, Greece, in 534: 530: 526: 522: 521:Olympic Games 517: 515: 511: 502: 495: 490: 481: 478: 473: 462: 459: 455: 452: 449: 446: 443: 440: 437: 434: 431: 428: 425: 422: 419: 416: 415:Olympic Games 412: 409: 406: 403: 400: 399: 398: 396: 386: 384: 380: 379:IOC president 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 343:Olympic Games 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 309: 303: 302: 298: 284: 281: 277: 273: 268: 260: 256: 253: 250: 244: 241: 237: 233: 229: 226: 220: 217: 214: 211: 206: 202: 198: 195: 189: 185: 179: 176:, Switzerland 175: 170: 166: 162: 158: 155: 151: 148: 144: 141: 137: 123: 119: 114: 107: 100: 89: 85: 81:, Switzerland 80: 74: 69: 65: 60: 55: 48: 43: 37: 33: 19: 10752: 10694: 10682: 10662: 10637: 10631:World War II 10606: 10587: 10583:2024 Gangwon 10538: 10531: 10522:2014 Nanjing 10479: 10472: 10465: 10461:2022 Beijing 10416:1988 Calgary 10396:1972 Sapporo 10353:1940 Sapporo 10300: 10293: 10286: 10279: 10255:2008 Beijing 10240:1996 Atlanta 10141:1920 Antwerp 10048:Pan-American 10024:Continental 9970:antisemitism 9817:Social media 9765:Torch relays 9755:Olympic Mass 9660:Olive wreath 9583:IOC meetings 9564: 9548: 9541: 9488: 9483: 9466: 9419:(skyrunning) 9389:(pickleball) 9275:(backgammon) 9228:(pole dance) 9036: 9002:(tug-of-war) 8906:(kickboxing) 8798:(air sports) 8786: 8784: 8753:(ice hockey) 8724: 8699:(volleyball) 8603:(gymnastics) 8579:(equestrian) 8555:(basketball) 8514: 8423:Panam Sports 8107:IOC sessions 8030:Organization 8004: 7937:. Retrieved 7917: 7904: 7892:. Retrieved 7877: 7857: 7837: 7817:11 September 7815:. Retrieved 7806: 7794:. Retrieved 7785: 7773:. Retrieved 7764: 7752:. Retrieved 7733: 7723: 7711:. Retrieved 7700: 7690: 7678:. Retrieved 7675:chinadailyhk 7674: 7664: 7652:. Retrieved 7643: 7634: 7622:. Retrieved 7611: 7602: 7590:. Retrieved 7581: 7572: 7560:. Retrieved 7551: 7541: 7529:. Retrieved 7521:The Guardian 7520: 7510: 7498:. Retrieved 7487: 7477: 7465:. Retrieved 7454: 7444: 7432:. Retrieved 7418: 7406:. Retrieved 7397: 7388: 7376:. Retrieved 7365: 7351:. Retrieved 7340: 7330: 7318:. Retrieved 7309: 7300: 7288:. Retrieved 7279: 7269: 7257:. Retrieved 7248: 7239: 7220: 7201: 7189:. Retrieved 7180: 7171: 7159:. Retrieved 7144: 7132:. Retrieved 7123: 7113: 7101:. Retrieved 7082: 7072: 7060:. Retrieved 7051:The Guardian 7049: 7040: 7028:. Retrieved 7017: 7007: 6995:. Retrieved 6984: 6975: 6963:. Retrieved 6954: 6945: 6933:. Retrieved 6924: 6914: 6902:. Retrieved 6893: 6883: 6871:. Retrieved 6862: 6853: 6841:. Retrieved 6833:The Guardian 6832: 6822: 6810:. Retrieved 6801: 6791: 6779:. Retrieved 6765: 6753:. Retrieved 6744: 6734: 6722:. Retrieved 6708: 6696:. Retrieved 6687: 6677: 6665:. Retrieved 6656: 6647: 6635:. Retrieved 6621: 6609:. Retrieved 6598: 6589: 6577:. Retrieved 6563: 6551:. Retrieved 6537: 6525:. Retrieved 6511: 6499:. Retrieved 6495:the original 6490: 6481: 6469:. Retrieved 6465:the original 6460: 6451: 6439:. Retrieved 6425: 6413:. Retrieved 6395: 6383:. Retrieved 6365: 6353:. Retrieved 6346:the original 6329: 6317:. Retrieved 6303: 6291:. Retrieved 6277: 6265:. Retrieved 6250: 6241: 6235: 6210: 6206: 6162: 6158: 6123:(2): 62–84. 6120: 6116: 6082: 6078: 6048: 6023:. Retrieved 5998: 5994: 5950: 5946: 5936: 5911: 5907: 5876:. Retrieved 5867: 5858: 5846:. Retrieved 5837: 5827: 5815:. Retrieved 5806: 5796: 5784:. Retrieved 5773: 5764: 5752:. Retrieved 5747:the original 5741: 5717:. Retrieved 5708: 5699: 5687:. Retrieved 5678: 5668: 5656:. Retrieved 5639: 5630:Panja, Tariq 5624: 5612:. Retrieved 5596:The Guardian 5595: 5585: 5573:. Retrieved 5557:The Guardian 5556: 5546: 5534:. Retrieved 5518:The Guardian 5517: 5507: 5495:. Retrieved 5479:The Guardian 5478: 5468: 5456:. Retrieved 5440:The Guardian 5439: 5429: 5417:. Retrieved 5413:the original 5402: 5394:the original 5389: 5380: 5369:the original 5356: 5348:the original 5343: 5333: 5325:the original 5320: 5311: 5299:. Retrieved 5290: 5280: 5269:, retrieved 5260: 5250: 5238:. Retrieved 5228: 5216:. Retrieved 5212:the original 5202: 5190:. Retrieved 5186:the original 5176: 5164:. Retrieved 5155: 5152:"Amateurism" 5146: 5134:. Retrieved 5130:the original 5116: 5093: 5055:13 September 5053:. Retrieved 5046:the original 5032: 5020:. Retrieved 5016:the original 5009: 4999: 4980: 4960: 4951: 4911: 4907: 4894: 4884: 4872:. Retrieved 4863: 4853: 4844: 4835: 4825: 4800:. Retrieved 4780: 4768:. Retrieved 4759: 4750: 4738:. Retrieved 4718: 4706:. Retrieved 4695: 4681:. Retrieved 4670: 4661: 4649:. Retrieved 4638: 4628: 4594:. Retrieved 4579: 4567:. Retrieved 4563:the original 4549: 4537:. Retrieved 4533:the original 4526: 4517: 4505:. Retrieved 4492: 4483: 4471:. Retrieved 4457: 4409:. Retrieved 4405:the original 4400: 4391: 4382: 4375:. Retrieved 4361: 4349:. Retrieved 4340: 4331: 4319:. Retrieved 4314: 4305: 4293:. Retrieved 4284: 4275: 4263:. Retrieved 4249: 4237:. Retrieved 4233:the original 4223: 4211:. Retrieved 4207:the original 4197: 4185:. Retrieved 4171: 4162: 4152:16 September 4150:. Retrieved 4146: 4136: 4126:16 September 4124:. Retrieved 4114: 4102:. Retrieved 4095:the original 4082: 4070:. Retrieved 4063:the original 4050: 4038:. Retrieved 4029: 4020: 4008:. Retrieved 3994: 3982:. Retrieved 3973: 3963: 3953:14 September 3951:. Retrieved 3937: 3928: 3919: 3907:. Retrieved 3898: 3888: 3876:. Retrieved 3862: 3850:. Retrieved 3839:Olympics.com 3838: 3826: 3818: 3813: 3801:. Retrieved 3792: 3668:(previously 3610: 3314:Uğur Erdener 3210:Ng Ser Miang 2883:Sergey Bubka 2829: 2799: 2660:Ivo Ferriani 2620:Denis Oswald 2594: 2509: 2484: 2424: 2420: 2395: 2391:metandienone 2388: 2371:Tohar Butbul 2340: 2327: 2299: 2288:spot in the 2281:Olga Kharlan 2273: 2237: 2213: 2201: 2192:Olympic Flag 2185: 2170: 2158: 2119: 2077: 2068:Shaul Ladany 2049: 2021: 2015:(2012), and 2013:Annet Negesa 1998: 1985:testosterone 1966: 1938: 1933:Kallipateira 1922: 1902: 1887: 1860: 1853: 1824:Lamine Diack 1807:The Guardian 1805: 1803: 1788:on YouTube. 1779: 1774: 1773:states that 1752: 1743: 1733:(USOC), the 1720: 1697: 1670: 1659: 1652: 1632: 1613: 1608:Soviet Union 1604:Eastern Bloc 1597: 1549:Intercalated 1528:Pan-American 1446:Torch relays 1401:Medal tables 1390: 1319: 1315: 1305:soil quality 1301: 1294: 1281: 1269:ethylbenzene 1238: 1226: 1195: 1187: 1171: 1159: 1150: 1120: 1108:, historian 1099: 1097: 1093: 1080: 1047: 1031: 1019: 1011: 998:Olympic town 968: 965: 930: 889: 855: 852: 770:Subsidiaries 751: 748: 741: 719: 706:Organization 673: 646: 623: 621:, Lausanne. 608: 592: 577: 573: 569: 539:; the first 531:was held in 518: 507: 474: 471: 392: 385:since 2013. 374: 330: 322: 318: 316: 299: 296: 279: 182:Membership 168:Headquarters 87:Abbreviation 36: 10774: / 10735:Switzerland 10612:World War I 10441:2006 Torino 10431:1998 Nagano 10260:2012 London 10250:2004 Athens 10245:2000 Sydney 10220:1980 Moscow 10210:1972 Munich 10180:1948 London 10174:1944 London 10161:1936 Berlin 10135:1916 Berlin 10124:1908 London 10109:1896 Athens 10060:Deaflympics 9975:colonialism 9922:Olympic Cup 9837:Video games 9705:Host cities 9606:Medal table 9407:(rogaining) 9395:(quidditch) 9329:(dodgeball) 9317:(broomball) 9198:(jump rope) 9186:(dodgeball) 9039:SportAccord 8882:(floorball) 8711:(wrestling) 8693:(triathlon) 8681:(taekwondo) 8543:(badminton) 8537:(athletics) 8366:Asian Games 8205:Olympic Cup 7562:20 February 7124:USA Fencing 7103:25 November 7062:25 November 7030:24 November 6925:Taiwan News 6812:10 February 6802:inews.co.uk 6781:22 December 6755:22 December 6724:22 December 6698:10 February 6688:inews.co.uk 6657:olympic.org 6553:11 November 6527:11 November 6415:11 November 6385:11 November 6355:11 November 6267:25 February 6085:(4): 3–28. 5914:(1): 1–15. 5848:8 September 5817:9 September 5658:11 February 5614:11 February 5575:11 February 5536:11 February 5497:11 February 5458:11 February 4874:30 November 4708:3 September 4697:Herald News 4683:3 September 4672:Herald News 4651:3 September 4596:23 February 4569:23 February 4539:23 February 4507:23 February 4473:23 February 4351:12 February 4295:12 February 4265:17 November 4040:12 February 3984:12 February 3641:Bridgestone 3582:Jiri Kejval 3383:Philippines 3357:Puerto Rico 3288:Jiri Kejval 3262:John Coates 3196:South Korea 3183:Ban Ki-moon 3148:the world. 2840:Chairperson 2713:Philippines 2633:Switzerland 2490:Thomas Bach 2473:Designation 2379:Thomas Bach 2345:due to the 2260:Zhang Gaoli 2028:Dutee Chand 2022:Before the 2017:Dutee Chand 1958:PCR testing 1913:John Coates 1727:Marc Hodler 1725:IOC member 1381:Host cities 1348:Main topics 1229:air quality 1084:quadrennium 980:Olympic Cup 832:IOC members 744:IOC Session 732:IOC Session 617:remains in 584:air quality 383:Thomas Bach 216:Thomas Bach 10789:Categories 10533:2026 Dakar 10451:2014 Sochi 10275:2024 Paris 10270:2020 Tokyo 10230:1988 Seoul 10200:1964 Tokyo 10167:1940 Tokyo 10146:1924 Paris 10114:1900 Paris 9793:Television 9747:Ceremonies 9640:Medal ties 9210:(obstacle) 9192:(footgolf) 9116:(minigolf) 9104:(ju-jitsu) 9092:(fistball) 9086:(draughts) 9037:Others in 8942:(muaythai) 8918:(lacrosse) 8912:(korfball) 8735:(biathlon) 8657:(shooting) 8609:(handball) 8591:(football) 8561:(canoeing) 8047:Presidents 7613:RTL Nieuws 7582:Al Jazeera 7489:The Nation 6997:9 December 6667:5 February 6637:5 December 6611:5 December 6319:3 December 6293:3 December 5878:15 October 5786:10 October 5166:9 February 4830:1237–1250. 4740:23 October 4104:23 October 4072:26 October 3909:23 October 3852:11 January 3803:29 January 3773:References 3396:Karl Stoss 3069:Dakar 2026 2857:Emma Terho 2837:Commission 2780:Li Lingwei 2740:Emma Terho 2351:Gaza Strip 2248:Peng Shuai 2216:referendum 2098:See also: 1838:corruption 1822:president 1737:, and the 1674:, Utah, a 1441:Television 1366:Ceremonies 1110:Bob Barney 1071:Ticketing. 736:See also: 710:See also: 325:; French: 131:1894-06-23 10762:6°35′49″E 10759:46°31′5″N 10371:1952 Oslo 10195:1960 Rome 9958:medalists 9628:Medalists 9353:(kabaddi) 9323:(croquet) 9234:(rafting) 9164:(teqball) 9146:(sleddog) 9068:(casting) 9034:AIMS (20) 8948:(netball) 8870:(cricket) 8846:(bowling) 8747:(curling) 8669:(surfing) 8651:(sailing) 8585:(fencing) 8567:(cycling) 8531:(archery) 7796:10 August 7775:10 August 7744:0362-4331 7680:10 August 7434:7 January 7367:BBC Sport 7310:USA TODAY 7093:0099-9660 6873:3 October 6863:USA Today 6843:3 October 6491:BBC Sport 6227:144448974 6189:201175909 6137:213623805 6099:201403008 6015:148683831 5928:204379565 5838:USA Today 5648:0362-4331 5604:0261-3077 5565:0261-3077 5526:0261-3077 5487:0261-3077 5448:0261-3077 5419:15 August 5301:20 August 5271:20 August 5156:USA Today 4802:16 August 4559:RTÉ Sport 3878:3 October 3696:Visa Inc. 3676:Panasonic 3646:Coca-Cola 3514:Argentina 3275:Australia 3223:Singapore 3170:Argentina 2588:Argentina 2485:President 2228:Free Area 2080:wrestling 2074:Wrestling 1953:Barr body 1945:masculine 1684:Innsbruck 1406:Medalists 1075:Licensing 1053:Broadcast 1017:symbols. 864:(IOC AC); 561:Innsbruck 553:Singapore 381:has been 210:President 121:Formation 10723:Olympics 10683:Category 10302:2040 TBD 10295:2036 TBD 10265:2016 Rio 10038:European 9860:Olympiad 9808:American 9550:Olympism 9305:(boxing) 9299:(boxing) 9134:(savate) 9050:(aikido) 8990:(squash) 8900:(karate) 8852:(bridge) 8840:(boules) 8687:(tennis) 8639:(rowing) 8417:Americas 8399:ANOCA – 8229:Related 8088:Meetings 8077:American 8016:Olympism 7939:25 March 7933:Archived 7894:21 March 7748:Archived 7707:Archived 7648:Archived 7618:Archived 7586:Archived 7556:Archived 7525:Archived 7494:Archived 7467:21 March 7461:Archived 7428:Archived 7408:5 August 7402:Archived 7372:Archived 7347:Archived 7320:5 August 7314:Archived 7290:5 August 7284:Archived 7259:5 August 7253:Archived 7228:Archived 7209:Archived 7191:5 August 7185:Archived 7161:5 August 7155:Archived 7134:5 August 7128:Archived 7097:Archived 7056:Archived 7024:Archived 6991:Archived 6965:13 April 6959:Archived 6935:13 April 6929:Archived 6904:13 April 6898:Archived 6867:Archived 6837:Archived 6806:Archived 6775:Archived 6749:Archived 6718:Archived 6692:Archived 6661:Archived 6631:Archived 6605:Archived 6579:7 August 6573:Archived 6547:Archived 6521:Archived 6501:4 August 6435:Archived 6409:Archived 6379:Archived 6313:Archived 6287:Archived 6261:Archived 6181:31456545 6019:Archived 5969:22164600 5872:Archived 5842:Archived 5811:Archived 5780:Archived 5713:Archived 5683:Archived 5652:Archived 5608:Archived 5569:Archived 5530:Archived 5491:Archived 5452:Archived 5295:Archived 5265:archived 5218:23 March 5192:23 March 5160:Archived 5105:Archived 5082:Archived 5022:18 March 4940:Archived 4936:94537225 4868:Archived 4793:Archived 4764:Archived 4731:Archived 4702:Archived 4677:Archived 4645:Archived 4617:Archived 4590:Archived 4501:Archived 4467:Archived 4411:30 March 4377:8 August 4371:Archived 4345:Archived 4321:5 August 4289:Archived 4259:Archived 4213:8 August 4181:Archived 4034:Archived 4004:Archived 3978:Archived 3947:Archived 3903:Archived 3872:Archived 3843:Archived 3797:Archived 3702:See also 3666:Omega SA 3656:Deloitte 3616:AB InBev 3487:Colombia 3143:Thailand 3088:Zimbabwe 3029:Zimbabwe 2773:Zimbabwe 2479:Country 2019:(2014). 2011:(2009), 2007:(2006), 2003:(1985), 1990:intersex 1969:feminine 1892:and the 1883:Xinjiang 1792:and the 1767:Olympism 1655:Colorado 1628:Winnipeg 1624:Montreal 1513:European 1416:Olympism 1361:Boycotts 1180:(WADA). 1068:(OCOGs). 957:(ARISF). 950:(AIOWF). 943:(ASOIF). 800:, Spain) 632:videos, 545:Chamonix 494:Lausanne 395:Olympism 355:Lausanne 263:olympics 174:Lausanne 139:Founders 79:Lausanne 10709:Portals 10695:Commons 10043:Pacific 10028:African 10013:Related 9892:Mascots 9847:Symbols 9670:Nations 9573:Charter 9359:(kempo) 9293:(bowls) 9263:(arnis) 9222:(poker) 9216:(padel) 9172:former 9110:(kendo) 9074:(darts) 9026:(wushu) 8978:(sambo) 8864:(chess) 8858:(cheer) 8816:(bandy) 8460:ONOC – 8456:Oceania 8421:PASO – 8042:Members 8037:Charter 8021:Symbols 7754:25 July 7713:24 July 7654:8 March 7624:8 March 7592:8 March 7531:8 March 7500:8 March 7378:28 July 7353:28 July 6471:31 July 6441:24 July 6259:. CNN. 6025:5 April 5868:Reuters 5775:Reuters 5136:2 March 4916:Bibcode 4770:23 June 4614:Funding 4384:sport.. 4010:3 March 4002:. IOC. 3752:(GAISF) 3728:(AISTS) 3722:(ASOIF) 3716:(ARISF) 3710:(AIOWF) 3626:Allianz 3568:Burundi 3409:Austria 3000:Croatia 2974:Romania 2922:Belgium 2896:Ukraine 2870:Finland 2843:Country 2818:Belgium 2753:Finland 2568:Morocco 2503:Germany 2349:in the 1931:, when 1863:Beijing 1790:YouTube 1544:Ancient 1523:Pacific 1503:African 1487:Esports 1436:Symbols 1371:Charter 1273:xylenes 1265:toluene 1261:benzene 1044:Revenue 962:Honours 935:(IFs): 543:was in 484:History 389:Mission 280:Anthem: 258:Website 201:English 129: ( 99:English 10747:Sports 10671:Portal 10560:Winter 10509:Summer 10323:Winter 10100:Summer 9987:Deaths 9980:doping 9910:winter 9896:Coins 9887:Poster 9882:Emblem 9830:winter 9825:summer 9821:Films 9725:Venues 9598:Medals 9254:Others 8996:(sumo) 8960:(polo) 8759:(luge) 8621:(judo) 8597:(golf) 8512:(30+2) 8447:EOC – 8443:Europe 8434:OCA – 8395:Africa 8260:Winter 8255:Summer 8193:Honors 7925: 7885: 7864: 7845: 7742: 7091: 6225: 6187: 6179: 6135: 6097: 6013: 5967: 5926: 5754:28 May 5719:28 May 5689:28 May 5646: 5602: 5563: 5524: 5485: 5446: 4987: 4934: 4889:53–66. 4239:4 June 4187:4 June 3746:(FISU) 3734:(ICSD) 3691:Toyota 3621:Airbnb 3592: 3565: 3541:Monaco 3538: 3511: 3484: 3458: 3432: 3406: 3380: 3354: 3327:Turkey 3324: 3298: 3272: 3246: 3220: 3193: 3167: 3140: 3117:Norway 3114: 3085: 3055: 3026: 2997: 2971: 2948:France 2945: 2919: 2893: 2867: 2815: 2790: 2770: 2750: 2733:Norway 2730: 2710: 2693:Jordan 2690: 2670: 2653:Serbia 2650: 2630: 2610: 2585: 2565: 2545: 2525: 2500: 2457:Games; 2114:, and 1879:Uyghur 1875:abuses 1704:Nagano 1477:Winter 1472:Summer 1451:Venues 1431:Sports 1376:Doping 1271:, and 1245:asthma 798:Madrid 686:, and 663:, and 533:Athens 365:, and 363:Winter 359:Summer 297:Motto: 197:French 113:French 109: 95: 54:French 50: 10033:Asian 9946:Other 9855:Flame 9786:Media 9730:youth 9718:youth 9633:youth 9616:youth 9399:IFMAR 9369:IMMAF 9363:FISLY 9333:ICFRA 9309:SJJIF 9279:ISBHF 9261:WEKAF 9174:GAISF 9162:FITEQ 9138:ISTAF 9132:FISav 8780:ARISF 8720:AIOWF 8510:ASOIF 8182:143rd 8177:142nd 8172:141st 8167:134th 8162:133rd 8157:132nd 8152:131st 8147:130th 8142:129th 8137:128th 8132:127th 8127:125th 8122:123rd 8117:121st 8112:117th 6349:(PDF) 6338:(PDF) 6223:S2CID 6185:S2CID 6133:S2CID 6095:S2CID 6011:S2CID 5924:S2CID 5807:Axios 5372:(PDF) 5365:(PDF) 5240:8 May 5049:(PDF) 5042:(PDF) 4943:(PDF) 4932:S2CID 4904:(PDF) 4820:1222. 4796:(PDF) 4789:(PDF) 4734:(PDF) 4727:(PDF) 4098:(PDF) 4091:(PDF) 4066:(PDF) 4059:(PDF) 3846:(PDF) 3835:(PDF) 3789:"IOC" 3740:(IPC) 3661:Intel 3071:(YOG) 3058:Aruba 2793:China 2673:Italy 2548:Spain 2528:Aruba 2146:Sochi 1828:Qatar 1723:Swiss 1508:Asian 1482:Youth 1464:Games 1396:Medal 1162:IOSFs 1126:OCOG. 669:Japan 665:Tokyo 619:Ouchy 367:Youth 308:Latin 10589:2028 10540:2030 9997:WWII 9875:Hymn 9865:Oath 9713:Bids 9447:ITRA 9435:ITPF 9429:ITHF 9423:WSSA 9411:WSSF 9381:ORSI 9375:WMRA 9345:ATSX 9339:IGAA 9327:WDBF 9315:IFBA 9273:WBGF 9267:AFLC 9244:ITSF 9226:IPSF 9220:IFMP 9208:FISO 9202:IUKL 9196:IJRU 9190:FIFG 9156:CIPS 9150:ISTF 9144:ISFF 9126:IPSC 9102:JJIF 9098:(go) 9084:FMJD 9078:IDBF 9066:ICSF 9060:IFBB 9024:IWUF 9018:IWWF 9012:FISU 9006:CMAS 9000:TWIF 8982:ISMF 8976:FIAS 8940:IFMA 8934:UIAA 8922:ILSF 8904:WAKO 8886:WFDF 8874:WDSF 8862:FIDE 8838:CMSB 8832:WCBS 8826:FIPV 8820:WBSC 8802:IFAF 8782:(39) 8751:IIHF 8739:IBSF 8697:FIVB 8673:ITTF 8661:IFSC 8655:ISSF 8637:FISA 8625:UIPM 8589:FIFA 8571:WDSF 8553:FIBA 8547:WBSC 8535:WAth 8523:WAqu 8430:Asia 8100:13th 7941:2009 7923:ISBN 7896:2009 7883:ISBN 7862:ISBN 7843:ISBN 7819:2024 7798:2024 7777:2024 7756:2024 7740:ISSN 7715:2024 7682:2024 7656:2024 7626:2024 7594:2024 7564:2024 7533:2024 7502:2024 7469:2024 7436:2024 7410:2023 7380:2023 7355:2023 7322:2023 7292:2023 7261:2023 7193:2023 7163:2023 7136:2023 7105:2021 7089:ISSN 7064:2021 7032:2021 6999:2021 6967:2020 6937:2020 6906:2020 6875:2018 6845:2018 6814:2019 6783:2018 6757:2018 6726:2018 6700:2019 6669:2018 6639:2017 6613:2017 6581:2016 6555:2017 6529:2017 6503:2016 6473:2016 6443:2016 6417:2017 6405:WADA 6387:2017 6375:WADA 6357:2017 6342:WADA 6321:2013 6295:2013 6269:2013 6177:PMID 6027:2024 5965:PMID 5880:2021 5850:2021 5819:2021 5788:2021 5756:2022 5721:2022 5691:2022 5660:2019 5644:ISSN 5616:2019 5600:ISSN 5577:2019 5561:ISSN 5538:2019 5522:ISSN 5499:2019 5483:ISSN 5460:2019 5444:ISSN 5421:2008 5303:2016 5273:2016 5242:2012 5220:2011 5194:2011 5168:2009 5138:2009 5057:2008 5024:2009 5011:Time 4985:ISBN 4876:2023 4804:2021 4772:2021 4742:2016 4710:2023 4685:2023 4653:2023 4598:2011 4571:2011 4541:2011 4509:2011 4475:2011 4413:2009 4379:2016 4353:2019 4323:2024 4297:2019 4285:Time 4267:2016 4241:2012 4215:2016 4189:2012 4154:2024 4128:2024 4106:2016 4074:2016 4042:2019 4012:2019 3986:2019 3955:2016 3911:2016 3880:2021 3854:2023 3805:2023 3636:Atos 3435:Fiji 3336:IOC 2613:Fiji 2476:Name 2375:2020 2038:and 1992:and 1856:Oslo 1820:IAAF 1814:and 1782:DMCA 1735:SLOC 1626:and 1620:IIHF 1411:NOCs 1356:Bids 1277:BTEX 1241:PM10 922:IOC. 742:The 714:and 698:and 655:and 626:DMCA 611:Vidy 586:and 565:2012 557:2010 549:1924 537:1896 523:and 349:and 317:The 267:/ioc 265:.com 153:Type 9992:WWI 9565:IOC 9453:IAU 9441:FIT 9417:ISF 9405:IRF 9393:IQA 9387:IPF 9357:IKF 9351:IKF 9321:WCF 9297:IBA 9285:IBA 9238:IRL 9232:IRF 9214:IPF 9184:WDA 9120:IPF 9114:WMF 9108:FIK 9096:IGF 9090:IFA 9072:WDF 9054:WAF 9048:IAF 8994:IFS 8988:WSF 8970:IRF 8964:UIM 8958:FIP 8952:IOF 8928:FIM 8916:FIL 8910:IKF 8898:WKF 8892:IFI 8880:IFF 8868:ICC 8856:ICU 8850:WBF 8844:IBF 8814:FIB 8808:FIA 8796:FAI 8787:IOC 8769:FIS 8763:ISU 8757:FIL 8733:IBU 8722:(7) 8709:UWW 8703:IWF 8685:ITF 8667:ISA 8631:WSK 8619:IJF 8613:FIH 8607:IHF 8601:FIG 8595:IGF 8583:FIE 8577:FEI 8565:UCI 8559:ICF 8541:BWF 7702:NPR 7249:BBC 6215:doi 6167:doi 6163:109 6125:doi 6087:doi 6003:doi 5955:doi 5916:doi 5912:122 4924:doi 2276:FIE 2246:of 2173:IPC 2144:in 2122:ARD 1391:IOC 1386:IFs 1257:SO2 1253:NOx 901:70. 728:). 659:in 563:in 555:in 331:CIO 323:IOC 106:CIO 92:IOC 10791:: 10618:^ 9303:WB 9291:WB 8946:WN 8745:WC 8691:WT 8679:WT 8649:WS 8643:WR 8529:WA 7931:. 7746:. 7738:. 7732:. 7705:. 7699:. 7673:. 7644:AP 7642:. 7580:. 7554:. 7550:. 7523:. 7519:. 7492:. 7486:. 7459:. 7453:. 7426:. 7396:. 7364:. 7345:. 7339:. 7312:. 7308:. 7282:. 7278:. 7247:. 7179:. 7126:. 7122:. 7095:. 7087:. 7081:. 7048:. 7022:. 7016:. 6983:. 6953:. 6927:. 6923:. 6896:. 6892:. 6865:. 6861:. 6835:. 6831:. 6804:. 6800:. 6747:. 6743:. 6690:. 6686:. 6655:. 6603:. 6489:. 6459:. 6403:. 6373:. 6340:. 6221:. 6211:31 6209:. 6197:^ 6183:. 6175:. 6161:. 6157:. 6145:^ 6131:. 6121:50 6119:. 6107:^ 6093:. 6083:25 6081:. 6057:^ 6035:^ 6017:. 6009:. 5999:22 5997:. 5993:. 5977:^ 5963:. 5951:28 5949:. 5945:. 5922:. 5910:. 5888:^ 5866:. 5840:. 5836:. 5809:. 5805:. 5772:. 5740:. 5729:^ 5707:. 5681:. 5677:. 5650:. 5642:. 5638:. 5606:. 5598:. 5594:. 5567:. 5559:. 5555:. 5528:. 5520:. 5516:. 5489:. 5481:. 5477:. 5450:. 5442:. 5438:. 5388:. 5342:. 5319:. 5293:. 5289:. 5259:, 5154:. 5124:. 5100:, 5077:, 5065:^ 5008:. 4969:^ 4938:. 4930:. 4922:. 4912:17 4910:. 4906:. 4866:. 4862:. 4812:^ 4758:. 4694:. 4689:; 4669:. 4637:. 4606:^ 4557:. 4525:. 4495:. 4491:. 4436:^ 4421:^ 4399:. 4381:. 4339:. 4313:. 4287:. 4283:. 4145:. 4028:. 3976:. 3972:. 3901:. 3897:. 3870:. 3837:. 3791:. 3780:^ 2413:. 2317:, 2313:, 2309:, 2305:: 2258:, 2183:. 2165:IF 2110:, 2106:, 2102:, 2062:. 2042:. 1769:, 1761:, 1690:. 1267:, 1263:, 1259:, 1255:, 1251:, 1249:CO 702:. 682:, 678:, 667:, 644:. 606:. 567:. 361:, 337:, 329:, 103:, 10711:: 9523:e 9516:t 9509:v 8494:e 8487:t 8480:v 8337:e 8330:t 8323:v 7992:e 7985:t 7978:v 7943:. 7898:. 7870:. 7851:. 7821:. 7800:. 7779:. 7758:. 7717:. 7684:. 7658:. 7628:. 7596:. 7566:. 7535:. 7504:. 7471:. 7438:. 7412:. 7382:. 7357:. 7324:. 7294:. 7263:. 7195:. 7165:. 7138:. 7107:. 7066:. 7034:. 7001:. 6969:. 6939:. 6908:. 6877:. 6847:. 6816:. 6785:. 6759:. 6728:. 6702:. 6671:. 6641:. 6615:. 6583:. 6557:. 6531:. 6505:. 6475:. 6445:. 6419:. 6389:. 6359:. 6323:. 6297:. 6271:. 6244:. 6217:: 6169:: 6127:: 6089:: 6051:. 6005:: 5957:: 5918:: 5882:. 5852:. 5821:. 5790:. 5758:. 5723:. 5693:. 5662:. 5618:. 5579:. 5540:. 5501:. 5462:. 5423:. 5305:. 5244:. 5222:. 5196:. 5170:. 5140:. 5111:. 5088:. 5059:. 5026:. 4993:. 4926:: 4918:: 4878:. 4806:. 4774:. 4744:. 4712:. 4687:. 4655:. 4600:. 4573:. 4543:. 4511:. 4477:. 4415:. 4355:. 4325:. 4299:. 4269:. 4243:. 4217:. 4191:. 4156:. 4130:. 4108:. 4076:. 4044:. 4014:. 3988:. 3957:. 3913:. 3882:. 3856:. 3807:. 3648:- 1576:e 1569:t 1562:v 1275:( 914:. 796:( 724:( 417:; 321:( 306:( 163:) 159:( 133:) 115:) 111:( 101:) 97:( 56:) 52:( 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

International Olympic Committee

Index