220:
421:. After mating, the female botfly captures the phoretic insect by holding onto its wings with her legs. She then makes the slip—attaching 15 to 30 eggs onto the insect or arachnid's abdomen, where they incubate. The fertilized female does this over and over again to distribute the 100 to 400 eggs she produces in her short adult stage of life of only 8–9 days. Larvae from these eggs, stimulated by the warmth and proximity of a large mammal host, drop onto its skin and burrow underneath. Intermediate vectors are often used, since a number of animal hosts recognize the approach of a botfly and flee.
65:
42:
554:
437:
1276:
397:
486:, where the larvae grow and attach themselves to the stomach lining or the small intestine. The attachment of the larvae to the tissue produces a mild irritation, which results in erosions and ulcerations at the site. Removal of the eggs (which adhere to the host's hair) is difficult, since the bone and
490:
are directly under the skin on the cannon bones; eggs must be removed with a sharp knife (often a razor blade) or rough sandpaper and caught before they reach the ground. The larvae remain attached and develop for 10–12 months before they are passed out in the feces. Occasionally, horse owners report
481:
depending on the species. These eggs, which look like small, yellow drops of paint, must be carefully removed during the laying season (late summer and early fall) to prevent infestation in the horse. When a horse rubs its nose on its legs, the eggs are transferred to the mouth and from there to the
491:
seeing botfly larvae in horse manure. These larvae are cylindrical in shape and are reddish orange in color. In one to two months, adult botflies emerge from the developing larvae and the cycle repeats itself. Botflies can be controlled with several types of dewormers, including
608:, although not explicitly stated) are apparent on the inside of the caribou pelt. Stroud and his two Inuit guides eat (albeit somewhat reluctantly) one larva each, with Stroud commenting that the larva "tastes like milk" and was historically commonly consumed by the Inuit.
428:
directly, or the larvae hatch and drop from the eggs attached to the intermediate vector; the body heat of the host animal induces hatching upon contact or immediate proximity. Some forms of botfly also occur in the
528:
botflies often infest nestlings of wild parrots, like scarlet macaws and hyacinth macaws. A method using a reverse syringe design snake bite extractor proved to be suitable for removing larvae from the skin.
301:
The word "bot" in this sense means a maggot. A warble is a skin lump or callus such as might be caused by an ill-fitting harness, or by the presence of a warble fly maggot under the skin. The human botfly,
306:, is the only species of botfly whose larvae ordinarily parasitise humans, though flies in some other families episodically cause human myiasis and are sometimes more harmful.
508:
952:
Riet-Correa F, S. L. Ladeira, G. B. Andrade, G. R. Carter (December 2000). "Lechiguana (focal proliferative fibrogranulomatous panniculitis) in cattle".
219:
520:, characterized by rapid-growing, hard lumps beneath the skin of the animal. Without antibiotics, an affected animal will die within 3–11 months.
388:. Roughly 150 species are known worldwide. Most other species of flies implicated in myiasis are members of related families, such as blow-flies.
3529:
450:
Myiasis can be caused by larvae burrowing into the skin (or tissue lining) of the host animal. Mature larvae drop from the host and complete the
3175:
1141:
3568:
517:
1345:
1147:. U.S. Army Public Health Command (provisional), formerly U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine. January 2010
3503:
3542:
810:
722:
Journal of the
Department of Agriculture of Western Australia, Volume 9, Pub: Western Australia. Dept. of Agriculture, 1904, p 17
1224:
1039:"Clinical pathology and parasitologic evaluation of free-living nestlings of the Hyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus)"
922:
834:
707:
682:
294:, heel flies, and gadflies. The larvae of some species grow in the flesh of their hosts, while others grow within the hosts'
3547:
866:
380:
Of families of flies causing myiasis, the
Oestridae include the highest proportion of species whose larvae live as obligate
1188:
748:
3482:
3573:
3495:
290:
of all species are internal parasites of mammals. Largely according to species, they also are known variously as
225:
1338:
1000:"Philornis sp. bot fly larvae in free living scarlet macaw nestlings and a new technique for their extraction"
3647:
3555:
1119:
1291:
3637:
3412:
3389:
1299:
266:
is the only species of botfly known to parasitize humans routinely, though other species of flies cause
260:
are internal parasites of mammals, some species growing in the host's flesh and others within the gut.
1307:
1280:
910:
402:
3417:
64:
3583:
1331:
1315:
17:
3642:
3327:
643:
999:
655:, a genus of flies that are subcutaneous parasites of birds, sometimes referred to as "bot flies"
632:
3609:
914:
900:
575:(caribou warble fly) maggots are available to human populations during the butchery of animals.
3342:
2506:
51:
1166:
896:
3604:
3534:
906:
766:
3596:
1214:
409:
Botflies deposit eggs on a host, or sometimes use an intermediate vector such as the common
3451:
775:
533:
604:, Canada. Upon skinning and butchering of one of the animals, numerous larvae (presumably
8:
3380:
779:
3632:
2999:
1567:
1123:
1076:
977:
791:
541:
262:
59:
3591:
3438:
1852:
1220:
1068:
1060:
1019:
969:
928:
918:
787:
744:
737:
703:
678:
619:
571:
1127:
1080:
981:
795:
278:
A botfly, also written bot fly, bott fly or bot-fly in various combinations, is any
3227:
3133:
3116:
2994:
2436:
2039:
1796:
1707:
1115:
1050:
1011:
961:
783:
346:
331:
283:
840:
3443:
3394:
2844:
2839:
2704:
2603:
2552:
2389:
2070:
1935:
1761:
1753:
1575:
1534:
1015:
951:
874:
580:
442:
430:
350:
323:
199:
3560:
1286:
3490:
3477:
3125:
3051:
2965:
2902:
2818:
2753:
2735:
2720:
2626:
2621:
2470:
2248:
2169:
2125:
2086:
1860:
1779:
1720:
1715:
1583:
1481:
1055:
1038:
327:
204:
965:
3626:
3266:
3258:
3249:
3141:
3075:
3067:
3020:
2986:
2802:
2758:
2663:
2655:
2577:
2567:
2511:
2483:
2373:
2232:
2185:
2154:
1906:
1898:
1809:
1689:
1681:
1609:
1591:
1510:
1192:
1064:
932:
593:
462:
362:
342:
295:
3365:
3297:
3289:
3280:
3222:
3183:
3166:
3041:
2941:
2878:
2786:
2763:
2694:
2639:
2616:
2572:
2562:
2557:
2547:
2526:
2441:
2402:
2365:
2335:
2293:
2272:
2240:
2141:
2091:
1889:
1788:
1699:
1647:
1639:
1542:
1518:
1456:
1398:
1072:
1023:
973:
374:
319:
291:
194:
136:
1323:
314:
The
Oestridae now are generally defined as including the former families
3516:
3404:
3374:
3214:
3193:
2924:
2907:
2883:
2870:
2794:
2773:
2686:
2678:
2668:
2611:
2582:
2542:
2516:
2407:
2381:
2326:
2210:
2177:
2120:
2057:
2014:
1868:
1827:
1819:
1801:
1694:
1676:
1489:
1247:
612:
500:
466:
465:
caretakers, as they lay eggs on the insides of horses' front legs on the
354:
286:
Oestridae. Their life cycles vary greatly according to species, but the
156:
146:
537:, the mouse botfly, parasitizes small mammals all around North America.
41:
3430:
3206:
3149:
3083:
3059:
3033:
2978:
2810:
2781:
2748:
2725:
2647:
2534:
2501:
2488:
2462:
2397:
2285:
2112:
2099:
2044:
1994:
1951:
1943:
1660:
1626:
1618:
1465:
1438:
1430:
1414:
597:
589:
496:
492:
483:
455:
370:
338:
166:
126:
3521:
3464:
3232:
3188:
3025:
3015:
2949:
2933:
2857:
2849:
2831:
2743:
2730:
2712:
2699:
2478:
2428:
2415:
2352:
2344:
2256:
2159:
2146:
2133:
2078:
2023:
1959:
1919:
1728:
1526:
1386:
1374:
902:
Extraordinary
Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals
651:
637:
524:
513:
366:
358:
315:
209:
96:
76:
3508:
3336:
553:
506:
In cattle, the lesions caused by these flies can become infected by
454:
stage in soil. They do not kill the host animal, thus they are true
3469:
3425:
3359:
2957:
2865:
2590:
2493:
2449:
2301:
2264:
2049:
2031:
1497:
1392:
1037:
Allgayer MC, Guedes NM, Chiminazzo C, Cziulik M, Weimer TA (2009).
562:
410:
381:
764:
Pape T (April 2001). "Phylogeny of
Oestridae (Insecta: Diptera)".
739:
The New shorter Oxford
English dictionary on historical principles
615:
in Europe confirms their consumption in premodern times, as well.
2223:
1473:
1189:"Les Stroud Beyond Survival: The Inuit – Survivors of the Future"
601:
566:
545:, the human botfly, occasionally uses humans to host its larvae.
487:
267:
812:
Life In The
Undergrowth: Intimate Relations (Programme synopses)
436:
2065:
1380:
1368:
1275:
1036:
474:
385:
106:
86:
592:
and two Inuit guides hunting caribou on the northern coast of
396:
3456:
585:
470:
287:
257:
249:
337:
The
Oestridae, in turn, are a family within the superfamily
478:
451:
425:
418:
1355:
998:
Olah G, Vigo G, Ortiz L, Rozsa L, Brightsmith DJ (2013).
839:. Houston, Texas: Gulf Publishing Company. Archived from
578:
The sixth episode of season one of the television series
279:
116:
1120:
10.1656/1528-7092(2006)5[157:CFPOPL]2.0.CO;2
622:
Hullin 67b discusses whether the warble fly is kosher.
588:– Survivors of the Future", features survival expert
461:
The equine botflies present seasonal difficulties to
1093:
672:
730:
728:
997:
867:"Ask The Vet: Treating Bot Infestations In Horses"
736:
1752:
1566:
3624:
1851:
725:
2267:(scuttle flies, coffin flies, humpbacked flies)
1804:(minute black scavenger flies, or dung midges)
557:Dissected head of a deer showing botfly larvae
3257:
3124:
1778:
1339:
734:
3288:
1608:
1429:
1219:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 6–.
833:Drees B, Jackman J (1999). "Horse Bot Fly".
832:
697:
1888:
1455:
1353:
1094:Jennison CA, Rodas LR, Barrett GW (2006). "
993:
991:
809:Dunleavy, Stephen (producer) (2005-10-20).
2013:
1346:
1332:
569:-reliant populations, large quantities of
40:
1054:
677:. Springfield, MA: Federal Street Press.
223:Juvenile male Ecuadorian mantled howler (
1134:
988:
860:
858:
552:
469:or metacarpal bone (below the knee) and
435:
395:
218:
2989:(blow-flies: bluebottles, greenbottles)
1992:
1412:
1212:
666:
14:
3625:
2222:
424:Eggs are deposited on larger animals'
3341:
3340:
1991:
1411:
1327:
894:
855:
691:
675:Webster's American English dictionary
3584:dec20238-da00-4d77-b03c-8c6789ba8eb3
3496:435e5279-58c5-471f-b4f1-1227ca00b010
1164:
763:
1206:
309:
24:
2452:(cactus flies, banana stalk flies)
954:Veterinary Research Communications
864:
413:, mosquitoes, and, in the case of
25:
3659:
1268:
700:Medical and veterinary entomology
698:Mullen G, Durden L, eds. (2009).
1274:
788:10.1046/j.1365-3113.2001.00143.x
548:
63:
1240:
1181:
1158:
1087:
1030:
945:
611:Copious art dating back to the
226:Alouatta palliata aequatorialis
1191:. Lesstroud.ca. Archived from
1171:Journal of Economic Entomology
888:
826:
802:
757:
716:
391:
13:
1:
2136:(dagger flies, balloon flies)
1216:The Nature of Paleolithic Art
1167:"Caribou warble grubs edible"
673:Inc. Merriam-Webster (2011).
659:
341:, together with the families
1043:Journal of Wildlife Diseases
1016:10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.12.052
836:Field Guide to Texas Insects
561:In cold climates supporting
433:after ingestion by licking.
7:
3328:List of families of Diptera
2960:(house flies, stable flies)
702:. Amsterdam, NL: Academic.
625:
10:
3664:
1731:(dark-winged fungus gnats)
1723:(long-winged fungus gnats)
1710:(long-beaked fungus gnats)
1309:Gasterophilus intestinalis
1056:10.7589/0090-3558-45.4.972
911:Greenwood Publishing Group
403:Gasterophilus intestinalis
273:
3349:
3325:
3279:
3248:
3205:
3174:
3165:
3115:
3111:
3050:
2977:
2932:
2923:
2895:
2830:
2805:(vinegar and fruit flies)
2772:
2715:(lekking, or druid flies)
2677:
2638:
2602:
2525:
2461:
2427:
2364:
2343:
2334:
2325:
2321:
2284:
2231:
2218:
2209:
2168:
2111:
2022:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1987:
1938:(long-bodied crane flies)
1918:
1897:
1884:
1847:
1818:
1787:
1774:
1748:
1659:
1638:
1617:
1604:
1562:
1509:
1464:
1451:
1425:
1421:
1407:
1363:
191:
186:
60:Scientific classification
58:
48:
39:
34:
1702:(predatory fungus gnats)
1287:Encyclopedia.com article
644:Cordylobia anthropophaga
2593:(black scavenger flies)
1954:(hairy-eyed craneflies)
1871:(primitive crane flies)
1629:(march flies, lovebugs)
1142:"Human Bot Fly Myiasis"
1108:Southeastern Naturalist
1004:Veterinary Parasitology
966:10.1023/A:1006444019819
633:Cochliomyia hominivorax
509:Mannheimia granulomatis
473:, and sometimes on the
229:) with botfly parasites
3235:(horse and deer flies)
2507:Strongylophthalmyiidae
2418:(picture-winged flies)
1946:(limoniid crane flies)
743:. Oxford : Clarendon.
735:Brown, Lesley (1993).
558:
447:
406:
230:
52:Cephenemyia stimulator
3605:Paleobiology Database
2821:(frightful hairy fly)
2650:(beetle-backed flies)
2188:(tangle-veined flies)
2073:(hilarimorphid flies)
2034:(flower-loving flies)
1863:(phantom crane flies)
1293:Cuterebra emasculator
907:Westport, Connecticut
767:Systematic Entomology
556:
439:
399:
384:within the bodies of
222:
3648:Parasites of equines
3491:Fauna Europaea (new)
3152:(wood soldier flies)
3002:(New Zealand batfly)
2952:(little house flies)
2444:(stilt-legged flies)
2355:(thick-headed flies)
2251:(spear-winged flies)
2180:(small-headed flies)
1909:(winter crane flies)
1484:(frog-biting midges)
1319:, common cattle grub
1283:at Wikimedia Commons
1096:Cuterebra fontinella
534:Cuterebra fontinella
3217:(water snipe flies)
2738:(upside-down flies)
2275:(flat-footed flies)
2259:(flat-footed flies)
2128:(long-legged flies)
1962:(large crane flies)
1578:(net-winged midges)
1545:(non-biting midges)
1213:Guthrie RD (2005).
1104:Ochrotomys nuttalli
1100:Peromyscus leucopus
780:2001SysEn..26..133P
3638:Insects in culture
2886:(freeloader flies)
2689:(leaf miner flies)
2629:(small dung flies)
2473:(stalk-eyed flies)
2296:(big-headed flies)
1754:Perissommatomorpha
1584:Deuterophlebiidae
1568:Blephariceromorpha
1317:Hypoderma lineatum
1301:Dermatobia hominis
1295:, squirrel bot fly
559:
542:Dermatobia hominis
448:
407:
304:Dermatobia hominis
263:Dermatobia hominis
248:, are a family of
231:
3620:
3619:
3592:Open Tree of Life
3343:Taxon identifiers
3334:
3333:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3301:
3275:
3274:
3244:
3243:
3236:
3218:
3197:
3161:
3160:
3153:
3145:
3137:
3134:Pantophthalmidae
3107:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3087:
3079:
3071:
3063:
3037:
3029:
3011:
3003:
2990:
2969:
2961:
2953:
2945:
2919:
2918:
2911:
2887:
2874:
2861:
2853:
2840:Acartophthalmidae
2822:
2814:
2806:
2798:
2790:
2789:(quasimodo flies)
2739:
2716:
2708:
2690:
2659:
2651:
2630:
2594:
2586:
2538:
2497:
2474:
2453:
2445:
2419:
2411:
2393:
2385:
2377:
2356:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2297:
2276:
2268:
2260:
2252:
2244:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2181:
2150:
2137:
2129:
2103:
2095:
2082:
2074:
2061:
2053:
2035:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1963:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1929:
1910:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1864:
1853:Ptychopteromorpha
1843:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1831:
1805:
1770:
1769:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1732:
1724:
1711:
1708:Lygistorrhinidae
1703:
1685:
1670:
1651:
1630:
1600:
1599:
1587:
1586:(mountain midges)
1579:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1538:
1530:
1522:
1521:(solitary midges)
1501:
1493:
1485:
1477:
1476:(meniscus midges)
1447:
1446:
1279:Media related to
1226:978-0-226-31126-5
924:978-0-313-33922-6
709:978-0-12-372500-4
684:978-1-59695-114-3
620:Babylonian Talmud
572:Hypoderma tarandi
296:alimentary tracts
217:
216:
182:
16:(Redirected from
3655:
3613:
3612:
3600:
3599:
3587:
3586:
3577:
3576:
3564:
3563:
3561:NBNSYS0000160557
3551:
3550:
3538:
3537:
3525:
3524:
3512:
3511:
3499:
3498:
3486:
3485:
3473:
3472:
3460:
3459:
3447:
3446:
3434:
3433:
3421:
3420:
3408:
3407:
3398:
3397:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3338:
3337:
3299:
3286:
3285:
3255:
3254:
3250:Vermileonomorpha
3234:
3228:Pelecorhynchidae
3216:
3195:
3172:
3171:
3151:
3143:
3135:
3122:
3121:
3117:Stratiomyomorpha
3113:
3112:
3085:
3077:
3069:
3061:
3035:
3027:
3009:
3001:
3000:Mystacinobiidae
2995:Mesembrinellidae
2988:
2967:
2959:
2951:
2943:
2930:
2929:
2909:
2885:
2872:
2859:
2851:
2820:
2812:
2804:
2796:
2788:
2737:
2714:
2706:
2705:Aulacigastridae
2688:
2657:
2649:
2628:
2592:
2584:
2536:
2512:Syringogastridae
2495:
2472:
2451:
2443:
2437:Cypselosomatidae
2417:
2409:
2391:
2390:Platystomatidae
2383:
2375:
2354:
2341:
2340:
2332:
2331:
2323:
2322:
2303:
2295:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2229:
2228:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2187:
2179:
2148:
2135:
2127:
2102:(stiletto flies)
2101:
2093:
2080:
2072:
2071:Hilarimorphidae
2059:
2051:
2040:Apsilocephalidae
2033:
2020:
2019:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1989:
1988:
1961:
1953:
1945:
1937:
1936:Cylindrotomidae
1928:
1927:
1923:
1908:
1895:
1894:
1886:
1885:
1870:
1862:
1849:
1848:
1829:
1803:
1797:Canthyloscelidae
1785:
1784:
1776:
1775:
1750:
1749:
1730:
1722:
1709:
1701:
1683:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1649:
1628:
1615:
1614:
1606:
1605:
1585:
1577:
1576:Blephariceridae
1564:
1563:
1544:
1536:
1535:Ceratopogonidae
1528:
1520:
1499:
1492:(phantom midges)
1491:
1483:
1475:
1462:
1461:
1453:
1452:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1409:
1408:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1325:
1324:
1278:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1248:"Chullin 67b:11"
1244:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1146:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1058:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1010:(1–2): 245–249.
995:
986:
985:
949:
943:
942:
940:
939:
895:Piper R (2007).
892:
886:
885:
883:
882:
873:. Archived from
862:
853:
852:
850:
848:
830:
824:
823:
821:
820:
806:
800:
799:
761:
755:
754:
742:
732:
723:
720:
714:
713:
695:
689:
688:
670:
400:Larval stage of
347:Mesembrinellidae
310:Family Oestridae
236:, also known as
180:
68:
67:
44:
32:
31:
27:Parasitic insect
21:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3643:Parasitic flies
3623:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3608:
3603:
3595:
3590:
3582:
3580:
3572:
3567:
3559:
3554:
3546:
3541:
3533:
3528:
3520:
3515:
3507:
3502:
3494:
3489:
3481:
3476:
3468:
3463:
3455:
3450:
3442:
3437:
3429:
3424:
3416:
3411:
3403:
3401:
3393:
3388:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3345:
3335:
3330:
3305:
3281:Xylophagomorpha
3271:
3240:
3201:
3157:
3144:(soldier flies)
3091:
3046:
3036:(tachina flies)
2973:
2966:Scathophagidae
2944:(cabbage flies)
2915:
2891:
2845:Australimyzidae
2826:
2819:Mormotomyiidae
2768:
2736:Neurochaetidae
2673:
2634:
2627:Sphaeroceridae
2604:Sphaeroceroidea
2598:
2558:Heterocheilidae
2553:Helosciomyzidae
2521:
2457:
2423:
2410:(peacock flies)
2376:(flutter flies)
2360:
2309:
2280:
2249:Lonchopteridae
2193:
2164:
2142:Homalocnemiidae
2126:Dolichopodidae
2107:
1997:
1967:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1914:
1876:
1861:Ptychopteridae
1835:
1814:
1766:
1762:Perissommatidae
1736:
1721:Rangomaramidae
1666:
1665:
1663:
1655:
1634:
1596:
1550:
1537:(biting midges)
1505:
1482:Corethrellidae
1443:
1417:
1403:
1359:
1352:
1311:, horse bot fly
1303:, human bot fly
1271:
1266:
1265:
1256:
1254:
1252:www.sefaria.org
1246:
1245:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1211:
1207:
1198:
1196:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1165:Felt E (1918).
1163:
1159:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1092:
1088:
1035:
1031:
996:
989:
950:
946:
937:
935:
925:
893:
889:
880:
878:
871:lambriarvet.com
863:
856:
846:
844:
831:
827:
818:
816:
808:
807:
803:
762:
758:
751:
733:
726:
721:
717:
710:
696:
692:
685:
671:
667:
662:
647:, the tumbu fly
628:
581:Beyond Survival
551:
443:Hypoderma bovis
440:Ox warble fly (
431:digestive tract
417:, a species of
394:
351:Mystacinobiidae
324:Gasterophilidae
312:
276:
200:Gasterophilinae
179:
62:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3661:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3601:
3588:
3578:
3565:
3552:
3539:
3526:
3513:
3500:
3487:
3478:Fauna Europaea
3474:
3461:
3448:
3435:
3422:
3409:
3399:
3386:
3371:
3355:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3294:
3292:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3263:
3261:
3259:Vermileonoidea
3252:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3211:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3191:
3186:
3184:Austroleptidae
3180:
3178:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3147:
3142:Stratiomyidae
3139:
3136:(timber flies)
3130:
3128:
3126:Stratiomyoidea
3119:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3081:
3076:Nycteribiidae
3073:
3068:Hippoboscidae
3065:
3062:(tsetse flies)
3056:
3054:
3052:Hippoboscoidea
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3031:
3026:Sarcophagidae
3023:
3018:
3013:
3005:
2997:
2992:
2987:Calliphoridae
2983:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2963:
2955:
2947:
2938:
2936:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2905:
2903:Cryptochetidae
2899:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2881:
2876:
2868:
2863:
2855:
2847:
2842:
2836:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2816:
2808:
2803:Drosophilidae
2800:
2792:
2784:
2778:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2754:Periscelididae
2751:
2746:
2741:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2721:Fergusoninidae
2718:
2710:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2683:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:Chamaemyiidae
2653:
2644:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2624:
2622:Nannodastiidae
2619:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2588:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2531:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2467:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2447:
2439:
2433:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2413:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2392:(signal flies)
2387:
2384:(cheese flies)
2379:
2374:Pallopteridae
2370:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2349:
2347:
2338:
2329:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2299:
2290:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2270:
2262:
2254:
2246:
2243:(ironic flies)
2237:
2235:
2226:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2186:Nemestrinidae
2183:
2174:
2172:
2170:Nemestrinoidea
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2144:
2139:
2131:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2097:
2094:(window flies)
2089:
2087:Mythicomyiidae
2084:
2076:
2068:
2063:
2055:
2052:(robber flies)
2047:
2042:
2037:
2028:
2026:
2017:
1999:
1998:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1957:
1949:
1941:
1932:
1930:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1907:Trichoceridae
1903:
1901:
1899:Trichoceroidea
1892:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1866:
1857:
1855:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1824:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1799:
1793:
1791:
1782:
1780:Psychodomorpha
1772:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1758:
1756:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1726:
1718:
1716:Mycetophilidae
1713:
1705:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:Cecidomyiidae
1679:
1677:Bolitophilidae
1673:
1671:
1667:(fungus gnats)
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1644:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1623:
1621:
1612:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1581:
1572:
1570:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1540:
1532:
1524:
1515:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1495:
1487:
1479:
1470:
1468:
1459:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1435:
1433:
1419:
1418:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1351:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1313:
1305:
1297:
1289:
1284:
1270:
1269:External links
1267:
1264:
1263:
1239:
1225:
1205:
1180:
1157:
1133:
1114:(1): 157–168.
1098:parasitism on
1086:
1049:(4): 972–981.
1029:
987:
960:(8): 557–572.
944:
923:
897:"Human Botfly"
887:
854:
825:
801:
774:(2): 133–171.
756:
749:
724:
715:
708:
690:
683:
664:
663:
661:
658:
657:
656:
648:
640:
627:
624:
584:, titled "The
550:
547:
393:
390:
328:Hypodermatidae
311:
308:
275:
272:
215:
214:
213:
212:
207:
205:Hypodermatinae
202:
197:
189:
188:
184:
183:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
56:
55:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3660:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3611:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3400:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3361:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3339:
3329:
3324:
3302:
3298:Xylophagidae
3296:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3290:Xylophagoidea
3287:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3268:
3267:Vermileonidae
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3237:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3196:(snipe flies)
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3140:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3088:
3082:
3080:
3074:
3072:
3070:(louse flies)
3066:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3032:
3030:
3028:(flesh flies)
3024:
3022:
3021:Rhinophoridae
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3006:
3004:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2956:
2954:
2948:
2946:
2942:Anthomyiidae
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2912:
2910:(lance flies)
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2860:(beach flies)
2856:
2854:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2815:
2813:(shore flies)
2809:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2787:Curtonotidae
2785:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2759:Teratomyzidae
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2664:Cremifaniidae
2662:
2660:
2658:(aphid flies)
2654:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2585:(marsh flies)
2581:
2579:
2578:Ropalomeridae
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2568:Natalimyzidae
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2484:Megamerinidae
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2446:
2442:Micropezidae
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2414:
2412:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2388:
2386:
2380:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2306:
2300:
2298:
2294:Pipunculidae
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2273:Platypezidae
2271:
2269:
2263:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2241:Ironomyiidae
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2233:Platypezoidea
2230:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2190:
2184:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2155:Oreogetonidae
2153:
2151:
2149:(dance flies)
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2096:
2092:Scenopinidae
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2081:(mydas flies)
2077:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2056:
2054:
2048:
2046:
2045:Apystomyiidae
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1926:(crane flies)
1921:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1867:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1810:Valeseguyidae
1808:
1806:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1733:
1727:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1706:
1704:
1700:Keroplatidae
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1690:Diadocidiidae
1688:
1686:
1684:(gall midges)
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1648:Anisopodidae
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1640:Anisopodoidea
1637:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1610:Bibionomorpha
1607:
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1593:
1592:Nymphomyiidae
1590:
1588:
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1543:Chironomidae
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1529:(black flies)
1525:
1523:
1519:Thaumaleidae
1517:
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1511:Chironomoidea
1508:
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1431:Axymyiomorpha
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877:on 2009-08-22
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843:on 2012-11-14
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549:As human food
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38:
33:
30:
19:
3350:
3223:Oreoleptidae
3215:Athericidae
3194:Rhagionidae
3189:Bolbomyiidae
3176:Rhagionoidea
3167:Tabanomorpha
3060:Glossinidae
3042:Ulurumyiidae
3007:
2968:(dung flies)
2908:Lonchaeidae
2896:Lonchaeoidea
2884:Milichiidae
2879:Inbiomyiidae
2873:(frit flies)
2871:Chloropidae
2795:Diastatidae
2764:Xenasteiidae
2695:Anthomyzidae
2687:Agromyzidae
2640:Lauxanioidea
2617:Heleomyzidae
2583:Sciomyzidae
2573:Phaeomyiidae
2563:Huttoninidae
2548:Helcomyzidae
2537:(kelp flies)
2527:Sciomyzoidea
2496:(rust flies)
2408:Tephritidae
2403:Richardiidae
2382:Piophilidae
2366:Tephritoidea
2336:Acalyptratae
2304:(hoverflies)
2178:Acroceridae
2058:Bombyliidae
2032:Apioceridae
1890:Tipulomorpha
1869:Tanyderidae
1830:(moth flies)
1828:Psychodidae
1820:Psychodoidea
1802:Scatopsidae
1789:Scatopsoidea
1650:(wood gnats)
1500:(mosquitoes)
1490:Chaoboridae
1457:Culicomorpha
1399:Holometabola
1397:Superorder:
1391:Infraclass:
1316:
1308:
1300:
1292:
1255:. Retrieved
1251:
1242:
1230:. Retrieved
1215:
1208:
1197:. Retrieved
1193:the original
1183:
1174:
1170:
1160:
1149:. Retrieved
1136:
1111:
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1103:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1046:
1042:
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1007:
1003:
957:
953:
947:
936:. Retrieved
901:
890:
879:. Retrieved
875:the original
870:
845:. Retrieved
841:the original
835:
828:
817:. Retrieved
811:
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738:
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516:that causes
507:
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423:
414:
408:
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379:
375:Ulurumyiidae
336:
320:Cuterebridae
313:
303:
300:
292:warble flies
277:
261:
253:
245:
241:
238:warble flies
237:
233:
232:
224:
195:Cuterebrinae
187:Subfamilies
176:
153:Subsection:
137:Cyclorrhapha
133:(unranked):
123:(unranked):
50:
49:Deer botfly
29:
3517:iNaturalist
3375:Wikispecies
3300:(awl flies)
3150:Xylomyidae
3086:(bat flies)
3084:Streblidae
3078:(bat flies)
3034:Tachinidae
2925:Calyptratae
2811:Ephydridae
2797:(bog flies)
2774:Ephydroidea
2707:(sap flies)
2679:Opomyzoidea
2669:Lauxaniidae
2648:Celyphidae
2612:Chyromyidae
2543:Dryomyzidae
2535:Coelopidae
2517:Tanypezidae
2327:Schizophora
2211:Muscomorpha
2121:Atelestidae
2100:Therevidae
2060:(bee flies)
2015:Asilomorpha
1952:Pediciidae
1944:Limoniidae
1695:Ditomyiidae
1627:Bibionidae
1619:Bibionoidea
1527:Simuliidae
913:. pp.
613:Pleistocene
501:trichlorfon
392:Infestation
355:Polleniidae
332:subfamilies
270:in humans.
181:Leach, 1815
157:Calyptratae
147:Schizophora
3627:Categories
3233:Tabanidae
3207:Tabanoidea
3010:(botflies)
3008:Oestridae
2979:Oestroidea
2950:Fanniidae
2858:Canacidae
2852:(bee lice)
2850:Braulidae
2782:Camillidae
2749:Opomyzidae
2726:Marginidae
2713:Clusiidae
2502:Somatiidae
2489:Nothybidae
2471:Diopsidae
2463:Diopsoidea
2416:Ulidiidae
2398:Pyrgotidae
2353:Conopidae
2345:Conopoidea
2302:Syrphidae
2286:Syrphoidea
2257:Opetiidae
2147:Hybotidae
2134:Empididae
2113:Empidoidea
1995:Brachycera
1960:Tipulidae
1920:Tipuloidea
1729:Sciaridae
1661:Sciaroidea
1498:Culicidae
1466:Culicoidea
1439:Axymyiidae
1415:Nematocera
1385:Subclass:
1375:Arthropoda
1257:2021-01-02
1199:2015-11-10
1151:2014-08-14
938:2009-02-13
881:2009-09-10
865:Ondrak J.
819:2008-12-17
660:References
606:H. tarandi
598:Pond Inlet
590:Les Stroud
518:lechiguana
497:ivermectin
493:dichlorvos
484:intestines
463:equestrian
415:D. hominis
371:Tachinidae
339:Oestroidea
242:heel flies
167:Oestroidea
127:Eremoneura
97:Arthropoda
3633:Oestridae
3395:Oestridae
3381:Oestridae
3351:Oestridae
3016:Rhiniidae
2958:Muscidae
2934:Muscoidea
2832:Carnoidea
2744:Odiniidae
2731:Neminidae
2700:Asteiidae
2591:Sepsidae
2494:Psilidae
2479:Gobryidae
2450:Neriidae
2429:Nerioidea
2265:Phoridae
2160:Ragadidae
2066:Evocoidae
2050:Asilidae
2024:Asiloidea
1993:Suborder
1413:Suborder
1387:Pterygota
1367:Kingdom:
1281:Oestridae
1065:0090-3558
933:191846476
652:Philornis
638:screwworm
525:Philornis
514:bacterium
456:parasites
382:parasites
359:Rhiniidae
316:Oestridae
254:Oestridae
210:Oestrinae
177:Oestridae
143:Section:
83:Kingdom:
77:Eukaryota
18:Oestridae
3426:BugGuide
3402:BioLib:
3360:Wikidata
2866:Carnidae
2079:Mydidae
1474:Dixidae
1393:Neoptera
1373:Phylum:
1369:Animalia
1358:families
1128:87286185
1081:22897475
1073:19901373
1024:23384580
982:19888515
974:11305747
796:83936667
626:See also
563:reindeer
411:housefly
256:. Their
246:gadflies
234:Botflies
173:Family:
93:Phylum:
87:Animalia
73:Domain:
2224:Aschiza
1381:Insecta
1379:Class:
1356:Diptera
1354:Extant
915:192–194
847:12 June
776:Bibcode
602:Nunavut
567:caribou
488:tendons
386:mammals
282:in the
274:General
268:myiasis
117:Diptera
113:Order:
107:Insecta
103:Class:
35:Botfly
3610:207372
3597:334384
3581:NZOR:
3548:151717
3535:104289
3522:154882
3470:1OESTF
3366:Q27485
1223:
1177:: 482.
1126:
1079:
1071:
1063:
1022:
980:
972:
931:
921:
794:
747:
706:
681:
636:, the
499:, and
475:throat
467:cannon
373:, and
326:, and
288:larvae
284:family
258:larvae
244:, and
3530:IRMNG
3483:10932
3431:25501
3405:17447
1232:7 May
1145:(PDF)
1124:S2CID
1077:S2CID
978:S2CID
815:. BBC
792:S2CID
596:near
586:Inuit
471:knees
452:pupal
250:flies
3574:7387
3569:NCBI
3543:ITIS
3509:9499
3504:GBIF
3465:EPPO
3457:8978
3413:BOLD
1234:2013
1221:ISBN
1102:and
1069:PMID
1061:ISSN
1020:PMID
970:PMID
929:OCLC
919:ISBN
849:2013
745:ISBN
704:ISBN
679:ISBN
618:The
512:, a
479:nose
426:skin
419:tick
3556:NBN
3452:EoL
3444:DJR
3439:CoL
3418:535
3390:AFD
1116:doi
1106:".
1051:doi
1012:doi
1008:196
962:doi
784:doi
565:or
477:or
330:as
280:fly
3629::
3607::
3594::
3571::
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1250:.
1175:11
1173:.
1169:.
1122:.
1110:.
1075:.
1067:.
1059:.
1047:45
1045:.
1041:.
1018:.
1006:.
1002:.
990:^
976:.
968:.
958:24
956:.
927:.
917:.
909::
905:.
899:.
869:.
857:^
790:.
782:.
772:26
770:.
727:^
600:,
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495:,
458:.
377:.
369:,
365:,
361:,
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349:,
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322:,
318:,
298:.
240:,
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1260:.
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1130:.
1118::
1112:5
1083:.
1053::
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884:.
851:.
822:.
798:.
786::
778::
753:.
712:.
687:.
446:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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