124:
280:
rather than air) creates pressure along the line of weakness in the puparium, which then bursts open along the seam to allow the adult to escape. When the adult emerges, the fluid is withdrawn, the ptilinum collapses, and the membrane retracts entirely back inside the head. The large, inverted,
102:
281:
U-shaped suture in the face through which it came, however, is still quite visible, and the name "Schizophora" ("split-bearers") is derived from this ptilinal or frontal suture. The term was first used by
308:
that protects the embryo against desiccation. In the
Schizophora, however, the serosa does not develop, but these flies lay their eggs in damp places, such as rotting organic matter.
2305:
475:
264:
The defining feature of the
Schizophora is the presence of a special structure used to help the emerging adult fly break free of the
2545:
245:; this is an example of informal, historical usage persisting in the vernacular. The section is divided into two subsections, the
2571:
2576:
2614:
468:
288:
In contrast to eggs of other arthropods, most insect eggs are drought-resistant, because inside the maternal
2519:
123:
2586:
461:
2457:
391:"Beyond Drosophila: resolving the rapid radiation of schizophoran flies with phylotranscriptomics"
389:
Bayless KM, Trautwein MD, Meusemann K, Shin S, Petersen M, Donath A, et al. (February 2021).
2472:
1636:
2510:
2609:
2532:
448:
8:
241:, although technically the term "muscoid" should be limited to flies in the superfamily
2129:
697:
417:
390:
366:
341:
118:
982:
422:
371:
273:
230:
2524:
2357:
2263:
2246:
2124:
1566:
1169:
926:
837:
412:
402:
361:
353:
1974:
1969:
1834:
1733:
1682:
1519:
1200:
1065:
891:
883:
705:
664:
2495:
2255:
2181:
2095:
2032:
1948:
1883:
1865:
1850:
1756:
1751:
1600:
1378:
1299:
1255:
1216:
990:
909:
850:
845:
713:
611:
407:
2603:
2396:
2388:
2379:
2271:
2205:
2197:
2150:
2116:
1932:
1888:
1793:
1785:
1707:
1697:
1641:
1613:
1503:
1362:
1315:
1284:
1036:
1028:
939:
819:
811:
739:
721:
640:
282:
59:
2427:
2419:
2410:
2352:
2313:
2296:
2171:
2071:
2008:
1916:
1893:
1824:
1769:
1746:
1702:
1692:
1687:
1677:
1656:
1571:
1532:
1495:
1465:
1423:
1402:
1370:
1271:
1221:
1019:
918:
829:
777:
769:
672:
648:
586:
528:
426:
375:
357:
246:
212:
185:
453:
443:
2558:
2504:
2344:
2323:
2054:
2037:
2013:
2000:
1924:
1903:
1816:
1808:
1798:
1741:
1712:
1672:
1646:
1537:
1511:
1340:
1307:
1250:
1187:
1144:
998:
957:
949:
931:
824:
806:
619:
250:
216:
110:
34:
2550:
2336:
2279:
2213:
2189:
2163:
2108:
1940:
1911:
1878:
1855:
1777:
1664:
1631:
1618:
1592:
1527:
1415:
1242:
1229:
1174:
1124:
1081:
1073:
790:
756:
748:
595:
568:
560:
544:
342:"The extraembryonic serosa protects the insect egg against desiccation"
312:
79:
44:
2563:
2362:
2318:
2155:
2145:
2079:
2063:
1987:
1979:
1961:
1873:
1860:
1842:
1829:
1608:
1558:
1545:
1482:
1474:
1386:
1289:
1276:
1263:
1208:
1153:
1089:
1049:
858:
656:
516:
504:
320:
277:
242:
155:
135:
84:
2466:
2489:
2087:
1995:
1720:
1623:
1579:
1431:
1394:
1179:
1161:
627:
522:
316:
269:
265:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
2537:
1353:
603:
301:
289:
234:
89:
64:
2137:
1195:
510:
498:
340:
Jacobs CG, Rezende GL, Lamers GE, van der Zee M (August 2013).
305:
297:
293:
165:
145:
339:
315:
rocks implies that they likely rapidly diversified during the
292:, two additional membranes develop from embryonic tissue, the
237:
containing 78 families, which are collectively referred to as
101:
388:
268:; this structure is an inflatable membranous sac called the
319:, with the first appearance of the group during the early
485:
175:
882:
696:
2601:
981:
1397:(scuttle flies, coffin flies, humpbacked flies)
934:(minute black scavenger flies, or dung midges)
2387:
2254:
908:
469:
276:. The inflation of the ptilinum (using fluid
2418:
738:
559:
1018:
585:
483:
1143:
476:
462:
100:
416:
406:
365:
272:that protrudes from the face, above the
2119:(blow-flies: bluebottles, greenbottles)
1122:
542:
311:The absence of schizophoran flies from
2602:
1352:
2471:
2470:
1121:
541:
457:
2587:dedf1d15-e70d-4b7c-af97-3a926d6c203a
253:, which are commonly referred to as
13:
1582:(cactus flies, banana stalk flies)
14:
2626:
437:
346:Proceedings. Biological Sciences
122:
32:
449:Joyce Laing on the ptilinum pdf
382:
333:
1:
1266:(dagger flies, balloon flies)
326:
7:
2458:List of families of Diptera
2090:(house flies, stable flies)
10:
2631:
2615:Protostome unranked clades
861:(dark-winged fungus gnats)
853:(long-winged fungus gnats)
840:(long-beaked fungus gnats)
408:10.1186/s12915-020-00944-8
2479:
2455:
2409:
2378:
2335:
2304:
2295:
2245:
2241:
2180:
2107:
2062:
2053:
2025:
1960:
1935:(vinegar and fruit flies)
1902:
1845:(lekking, or druid flies)
1807:
1768:
1732:
1655:
1591:
1557:
1494:
1473:
1464:
1455:
1451:
1414:
1361:
1348:
1339:
1298:
1241:
1152:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1117:
1068:(long-bodied crane flies)
1048:
1027:
1014:
977:
948:
917:
904:
878:
789:
768:
747:
734:
692:
639:
594:
581:
555:
551:
537:
493:
300:. This serosa secretes a
210:
205:
119:Scientific classification
117:
108:
99:
23:
832:(predatory fungus gnats)
444:Tree of Life Schizophora
1723:(black scavenger flies)
1084:(hairy-eyed craneflies)
1001:(primitive crane flies)
759:(march flies, lovebugs)
2365:(horse and deer flies)
1637:Strongylophthalmyiidae
1548:(picture-winged flies)
1076:(limoniid crane flies)
358:10.1098/rspb.2013.1082
1951:(frightful hairy fly)
1780:(beetle-backed flies)
1318:(tangle-veined flies)
1203:(hilarimorphid flies)
1164:(flower-loving flies)
993:(phantom crane flies)
2282:(wood soldier flies)
2132:(New Zealand batfly)
2082:(little house flies)
1574:(stilt-legged flies)
1485:(thick-headed flies)
1381:(spear-winged flies)
1310:(small-headed flies)
1039:(winter crane flies)
614:(frog-biting midges)
255:acalyptrate muscoids
2347:(water snipe flies)
1868:(upside-down flies)
1405:(flat-footed flies)
1389:(flat-footed flies)
1258:(long-legged flies)
1092:(large crane flies)
708:(net-winged midges)
675:(non-biting midges)
259:calyptrate muscoids
2016:(freeloader flies)
1819:(leaf miner flies)
1759:(small dung flies)
1603:(stalk-eyed flies)
1426:(big-headed flies)
884:Perissommatomorpha
714:Deuterophlebiidae
698:Blephariceromorpha
352:(1764): 20131082.
2597:
2596:
2473:Taxon identifiers
2464:
2463:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2431:
2405:
2404:
2374:
2373:
2366:
2348:
2327:
2291:
2290:
2283:
2275:
2267:
2264:Pantophthalmidae
2237:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2209:
2201:
2193:
2167:
2159:
2141:
2133:
2120:
2099:
2091:
2083:
2075:
2049:
2048:
2041:
2017:
2004:
1991:
1983:
1970:Acartophthalmidae
1952:
1944:
1936:
1928:
1920:
1919:(quasimodo flies)
1869:
1846:
1838:
1820:
1789:
1781:
1760:
1724:
1716:
1668:
1627:
1604:
1583:
1575:
1549:
1541:
1523:
1515:
1507:
1486:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1435:
1427:
1406:
1398:
1390:
1382:
1374:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1311:
1280:
1267:
1259:
1233:
1225:
1212:
1204:
1191:
1183:
1165:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1093:
1085:
1077:
1069:
1059:
1040:
1010:
1009:
1002:
994:
983:Ptychopteromorpha
973:
972:
969:
968:
961:
935:
900:
899:
874:
873:
870:
869:
862:
854:
841:
838:Lygistorrhinidae
833:
815:
800:
781:
760:
730:
729:
717:
716:(mountain midges)
709:
688:
687:
684:
683:
676:
668:
660:
652:
651:(solitary midges)
631:
623:
615:
607:
606:(meniscus midges)
577:
576:
223:
222:
201:
2622:
2590:
2589:
2580:
2579:
2567:
2566:
2554:
2553:
2541:
2540:
2528:
2527:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2468:
2467:
2429:
2416:
2415:
2385:
2384:
2380:Vermileonomorpha
2364:
2358:Pelecorhynchidae
2346:
2325:
2302:
2301:
2281:
2273:
2265:
2252:
2251:
2247:Stratiomyomorpha
2243:
2242:
2215:
2207:
2199:
2191:
2165:
2157:
2139:
2131:
2130:Mystacinobiidae
2125:Mesembrinellidae
2118:
2097:
2089:
2081:
2073:
2060:
2059:
2039:
2015:
2002:
1989:
1981:
1950:
1942:
1934:
1926:
1918:
1867:
1844:
1836:
1835:Aulacigastridae
1818:
1787:
1779:
1758:
1722:
1714:
1666:
1642:Syringogastridae
1625:
1602:
1581:
1573:
1567:Cypselosomatidae
1547:
1539:
1521:
1520:Platystomatidae
1513:
1505:
1484:
1471:
1470:
1462:
1461:
1453:
1452:
1433:
1425:
1404:
1396:
1388:
1380:
1372:
1359:
1358:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1317:
1309:
1278:
1265:
1257:
1232:(stiletto flies)
1231:
1223:
1210:
1202:
1201:Hilarimorphidae
1189:
1181:
1170:Apsilocephalidae
1163:
1150:
1149:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1119:
1118:
1091:
1083:
1075:
1067:
1066:Cylindrotomidae
1058:
1057:
1053:
1038:
1025:
1024:
1016:
1015:
1000:
992:
979:
978:
959:
933:
927:Canthyloscelidae
915:
914:
906:
905:
880:
879:
860:
852:
839:
831:
813:
799:
798:
794:
779:
758:
745:
744:
736:
735:
715:
707:
706:Blephariceridae
694:
693:
674:
666:
665:Ceratopogonidae
658:
650:
629:
622:(phantom midges)
621:
613:
605:
592:
591:
583:
582:
557:
556:
553:
552:
539:
538:
478:
471:
464:
455:
454:
431:
430:
420:
410:
386:
380:
379:
369:
337:
261:, respectively.
199:
127:
126:
104:
94:
31:
30:Paleogene–Recent
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2585:
2583:
2575:
2570:
2562:
2557:
2549:
2544:
2536:
2531:
2523:
2518:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2475:
2465:
2460:
2435:
2411:Xylophagomorpha
2401:
2370:
2331:
2287:
2274:(soldier flies)
2221:
2176:
2166:(tachina flies)
2103:
2096:Scathophagidae
2074:(cabbage flies)
2045:
2021:
1975:Australimyzidae
1956:
1949:Mormotomyiidae
1898:
1866:Neurochaetidae
1803:
1764:
1757:Sphaeroceridae
1734:Sphaeroceroidea
1728:
1688:Heterocheilidae
1683:Helosciomyzidae
1651:
1587:
1553:
1540:(peacock flies)
1506:(flutter flies)
1490:
1439:
1410:
1379:Lonchopteridae
1323:
1294:
1272:Homalocnemiidae
1256:Dolichopodidae
1237:
1127:
1097:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1044:
1006:
991:Ptychopteridae
965:
944:
896:
892:Perissommatidae
866:
851:Rangomaramidae
796:
795:
793:
785:
764:
726:
680:
667:(biting midges)
635:
612:Corethrellidae
573:
547:
533:
489:
482:
440:
435:
434:
387:
383:
338:
334:
329:
215:
198:
121:
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2628:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2581:
2568:
2555:
2542:
2529:
2516:
2501:
2485:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2424:
2422:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2389:Vermileonoidea
2382:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2341:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2321:
2316:
2314:Austroleptidae
2310:
2308:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2277:
2272:Stratiomyidae
2269:
2266:(timber flies)
2260:
2258:
2256:Stratiomyoidea
2249:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2211:
2206:Nycteribiidae
2203:
2198:Hippoboscidae
2195:
2192:(tsetse flies)
2186:
2184:
2182:Hippoboscoidea
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2161:
2156:Sarcophagidae
2153:
2148:
2143:
2135:
2127:
2122:
2117:Calliphoridae
2113:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2093:
2085:
2077:
2068:
2066:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2035:
2033:Cryptochetidae
2029:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2011:
2006:
1998:
1993:
1985:
1977:
1972:
1966:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1946:
1938:
1933:Drosophilidae
1930:
1922:
1914:
1908:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1884:Periscelididae
1881:
1876:
1871:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1851:Fergusoninidae
1848:
1840:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1813:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:Chamaemyiidae
1783:
1774:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1754:
1752:Nannodastiidae
1749:
1744:
1738:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1718:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1661:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1597:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1577:
1569:
1563:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1543:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1522:(signal flies)
1517:
1514:(cheese flies)
1509:
1504:Pallopteridae
1500:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1479:
1477:
1468:
1459:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1429:
1420:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1400:
1392:
1384:
1376:
1373:(ironic flies)
1367:
1365:
1356:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1316:Nemestrinidae
1313:
1304:
1302:
1300:Nemestrinoidea
1296:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1274:
1269:
1261:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1227:
1224:(window flies)
1219:
1217:Mythicomyiidae
1214:
1206:
1198:
1193:
1185:
1182:(robber flies)
1177:
1172:
1167:
1158:
1156:
1147:
1129:
1128:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1087:
1079:
1071:
1062:
1060:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1037:Trichoceridae
1033:
1031:
1029:Trichoceroidea
1022:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1004:
996:
987:
985:
975:
974:
971:
970:
967:
966:
964:
963:
954:
952:
946:
945:
943:
942:
937:
929:
923:
921:
912:
910:Psychodomorpha
902:
901:
898:
897:
895:
894:
888:
886:
876:
875:
872:
871:
868:
867:
865:
864:
856:
848:
846:Mycetophilidae
843:
835:
827:
822:
817:
812:Cecidomyiidae
809:
807:Bolitophilidae
803:
801:
797:(fungus gnats)
787:
786:
784:
783:
774:
772:
766:
765:
763:
762:
753:
751:
742:
732:
731:
728:
727:
725:
724:
719:
711:
702:
700:
690:
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654:
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643:
637:
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634:
633:
625:
617:
609:
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589:
579:
578:
575:
574:
572:
571:
565:
563:
549:
548:
535:
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532:
531:
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519:
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494:
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481:
480:
473:
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438:External links
436:
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381:
331:
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96:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
26:
16:Group of flies
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2627:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2588:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2543:
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2534:
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2526:
2521:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2469:
2459:
2454:
2432:
2428:Xylophagidae
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2420:Xylophagoidea
2417:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2398:
2397:Vermileonidae
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2328:
2326:(snipe flies)
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2284:
2278:
2276:
2270:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2200:(louse flies)
2196:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2158:(flesh flies)
2154:
2152:
2151:Rhinophoridae
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2136:
2134:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2078:
2076:
2072:Anthomyiidae
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2042:
2040:(lance flies)
2036:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1990:(beach flies)
1986:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1945:
1943:(shore flies)
1939:
1937:
1931:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1917:Curtonotidae
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1889:Teratomyzidae
1887:
1885:
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1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1864:
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1841:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1794:Cremifaniidae
1792:
1790:
1788:(aphid flies)
1784:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1715:(marsh flies)
1711:
1709:
1708:Ropalomeridae
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1698:Natalimyzidae
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
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1645:
1643:
1640:
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1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1614:Megamerinidae
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1572:Micropezidae
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1518:
1516:
1510:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1436:
1430:
1428:
1424:Pipunculidae
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1403:Platypezidae
1401:
1399:
1393:
1391:
1385:
1383:
1377:
1375:
1371:Ironomyiidae
1369:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1363:Platypezoidea
1360:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1285:Oreogetonidae
1283:
1281:
1279:(dance flies)
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1226:
1222:Scenopinidae
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1211:(mydas flies)
1207:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1175:Apystomyiidae
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1116:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1072:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1056:(crane flies)
1051:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1003:
997:
995:
989:
988:
986:
984:
980:
976:
962:
956:
955:
953:
951:
947:
941:
940:Valeseguyidae
938:
936:
930:
928:
925:
924:
922:
920:
916:
913:
911:
907:
903:
893:
890:
889:
887:
885:
881:
877:
863:
857:
855:
849:
847:
844:
842:
836:
834:
830:Keroplatidae
828:
826:
823:
821:
820:Diadocidiidae
818:
816:
814:(gall midges)
810:
808:
805:
804:
802:
792:
788:
782:
778:Anisopodidae
776:
775:
773:
771:
770:Anisopodoidea
767:
761:
755:
754:
752:
750:
746:
743:
741:
740:Bibionomorpha
737:
733:
723:
722:Nymphomyiidae
720:
718:
712:
710:
704:
703:
701:
699:
695:
691:
677:
673:Chironomidae
671:
669:
663:
661:
659:(black flies)
655:
653:
649:Thaumaleidae
647:
646:
644:
642:
641:Chironomoidea
638:
632:
626:
624:
618:
616:
610:
608:
602:
601:
599:
597:
593:
590:
588:
584:
580:
570:
567:
566:
564:
562:
561:Axymyiomorpha
558:
554:
550:
546:
540:
536:
530:
526:
524:
520:
518:
514:
512:
508:
506:
502:
500:
496:
495:
492:
487:
479:
474:
472:
467:
465:
460:
459:
456:
450:
447:
445:
442:
441:
428:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
400:
396:
392:
385:
377:
373:
368:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
336:
332:
324:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
286:
284:
283:Eduard Becher
279:
275:
271:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
219:
218:
214:
209:
204:
197:
194:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
125:
120:
116:
112:
107:
103:
98:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
22:
19:
2480:
2353:Oreoleptidae
2345:Athericidae
2324:Rhagionidae
2319:Bolbomyiidae
2306:Rhagionoidea
2297:Tabanomorpha
2190:Glossinidae
2172:Ulurumyiidae
2098:(dung flies)
2038:Lonchaeidae
2026:Lonchaeoidea
2014:Milichiidae
2009:Inbiomyiidae
2003:(frit flies)
2001:Chloropidae
1925:Diastatidae
1894:Xenasteiidae
1825:Anthomyzidae
1817:Agromyzidae
1770:Lauxanioidea
1747:Heleomyzidae
1713:Sciomyzidae
1703:Phaeomyiidae
1693:Huttoninidae
1678:Helcomyzidae
1667:(kelp flies)
1657:Sciomyzoidea
1626:(rust flies)
1538:Tephritidae
1533:Richardiidae
1512:Piophilidae
1496:Tephritoidea
1466:Acalyptratae
1456:
1434:(hoverflies)
1308:Acroceridae
1188:Bombyliidae
1162:Apioceridae
1020:Tipulomorpha
999:Tanyderidae
960:(moth flies)
958:Psychodidae
950:Psychodoidea
932:Scatopsidae
919:Scatopsoidea
780:(wood gnats)
630:(mosquitoes)
620:Chaoboridae
587:Culicomorpha
529:Holometabola
527:Superorder:
521:Infraclass:
398:
394:
384:
349:
345:
335:
310:
287:
263:
258:
254:
247:Acalyptratae
238:
226:
224:
213:Acalyptratae
211:
206:Subsections
200:Becher, 1882
195:
186:Cyclorrhapha
182:(unranked):
18:
2610:Schizophora
2559:iNaturalist
2525:Schizophora
2511:Schizophora
2505:Wikispecies
2481:Schizophora
2430:(awl flies)
2280:Xylomyidae
2216:(bat flies)
2214:Streblidae
2208:(bat flies)
2164:Tachinidae
2055:Calyptratae
1941:Ephydridae
1927:(bog flies)
1904:Ephydroidea
1837:(sap flies)
1809:Opomyzoidea
1799:Lauxaniidae
1778:Celyphidae
1742:Chyromyidae
1673:Dryomyzidae
1665:Coelopidae
1647:Tanypezidae
1457:Schizophora
1341:Muscomorpha
1251:Atelestidae
1230:Therevidae
1190:(bee flies)
1145:Asilomorpha
1082:Pediciidae
1074:Limoniidae
825:Ditomyiidae
757:Bibionidae
749:Bibionoidea
657:Simuliidae
395:BMC Biology
251:Calyptratae
227:Schizophora
217:Calyptratae
196:Schizophora
111:Sciomyzidae
109:Marsh fly (
24:Schizophora
2604:Categories
2363:Tabanidae
2337:Tabanoidea
2140:(botflies)
2138:Oestridae
2109:Oestroidea
2080:Fanniidae
1988:Canacidae
1982:(bee lice)
1980:Braulidae
1912:Camillidae
1879:Opomyzidae
1856:Marginidae
1843:Clusiidae
1632:Somatiidae
1619:Nothybidae
1601:Diopsidae
1593:Diopsoidea
1546:Ulidiidae
1528:Pyrgotidae
1483:Conopidae
1475:Conopoidea
1432:Syrphidae
1416:Syrphoidea
1387:Opetiidae
1277:Hybotidae
1264:Empididae
1243:Empidoidea
1125:Brachycera
1090:Tipulidae
1050:Tipuloidea
859:Sciaridae
791:Sciaroidea
628:Culicidae
596:Culicoidea
569:Axymyiidae
545:Nematocera
515:Subclass:
505:Arthropoda
327:References
313:Cretaceous
235:true flies
156:Arthropoda
2146:Rhiniidae
2088:Muscidae
2064:Muscoidea
1962:Carnoidea
1874:Odiniidae
1861:Neminidae
1830:Asteiidae
1721:Sepsidae
1624:Psilidae
1609:Gobryidae
1580:Neriidae
1559:Nerioidea
1395:Phoridae
1290:Ragadidae
1196:Evocoidae
1180:Asilidae
1154:Asiloidea
1123:Suborder
543:Suborder
517:Pterygota
497:Kingdom:
401:(1): 23.
321:Paleogene
278:hemolymph
243:Muscoidea
192:Section:
142:Kingdom:
136:Eukaryota
2538:46544027
2496:Q1102504
2490:Wikidata
1996:Carnidae
1209:Mydidae
604:Dixidae
523:Neoptera
503:Phylum:
499:Animalia
488:families
427:33557827
376:23782888
317:Cenozoic
304:rich in
296:and the
274:antennae
270:ptilinum
266:puparium
239:muscoids
152:Phylum:
146:Animalia
132:Domain:
2551:4891277
1354:Aschiza
511:Insecta
509:Class:
486:Diptera
484:Extant
418:7871583
367:3712428
302:cuticle
290:chorion
231:section
176:Diptera
172:Order:
166:Insecta
162:Class:
2584:NZOR:
2577:130061
425:
415:
374:
364:
306:chitin
298:serosa
294:amnion
229:are a
2564:48089
2572:ITIS
2546:GBIF
423:PMID
372:PMID
257:and
249:and
225:The
35:PreꞒ
2533:EoL
2520:AFD
413:PMC
403:doi
362:PMC
354:doi
350:280
233:of
2606::
2574::
2561::
2548::
2535::
2522::
2507::
2492::
421:.
411:.
399:19
397:.
393:.
370:.
360:.
348:.
344:.
323:.
285:.
113:)
85:Pg
477:e
470:t
463:v
429:.
405::
378:.
356::
90:N
80:K
75:J
70:T
65:P
60:C
55:D
50:S
45:O
40:Ꞓ
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