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1017:. The 14 km portion of the zone may be extended by 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) in the last stage of the implementation of the deal, reaching 18 kilometres (11 mi) at its deepest point and being designated as a "security belt". Within the "security belt" regular SDF (including YPG and YPJ) units would be allowed to remain in their positions, but would have to withdraw all heavy weapons. No hostile actions or acts of aggression would be permitted within the buffer zone.
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918:, with Turkey wanting to purge the city of the YPG units stationed there. The result was a 'Manbij Roadmap' being agreed to by Turkey and the US, which would eventually entail a YPG withdrawal from the city. The roadmap, however, was never implemented and the YPG never withdrew. Turkey accused the US of dragging its feet and sabotaging the implementation of the roadmap, vowing to never enter into a similar deal in the future.
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4689:"Turkish president announces plans to #UNGA for mass human rights violations in NE #Syria. He plans to strip people of their land and force demographic change. He has made his plan clear to ethnic 'cleanse' Kurds from NE Syria. The people won't stand for it, we live in peace here.https://twitter.com/tobiaschneider/status/1176521727146414080 …"
1247:, of not providing help with the refugee burden. He threatened to "open the gates", implying to let all of the refugees freely emigrate, if Turkey did not receive support for its plans in the buffer zone. He then demanded that joint U.S.-Turkish (ground) patrols within the zone begin by the last week of September.
5237:"Lens of the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights monitors a demonstration carried out by thousands of people in Ayn Al-Arab city (Kobani) at the border with Turkey condemning and denouncing the Turkish threats of launching a military operation in the east of Euphrates • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights"
4890:
3030:"#Safe_zone: Syrian democratic forces begins implementing the safe zone. First step is SZ of 5 km, where US and Turkish military will joint patrols monitor the area from which #SDF troops will withdraw and local military council will remain. #Twitterkurds #Rojava #Turkeypic.twitter.com/7Z6aOybGGL"
1473:
U.S.-led coalition jets intensively overflew the Syria-Turkish border, while SDF units were reported to have started constructing new trenches and fortifications 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of the border in anticipation of an attack after having previously demolished its own fortifications along
960:
On 7 August 2019, Turkey said it reached a framework deal with the United States, that would prevent a unilateral
Turkish invasion of northern Syria. The initial first steps reportedly included the creation of a 'joint operations centre', which would coordinate the establishment of a "peace corridor"
2044:
or other designated terrorist groups would have to stand trial. The SDF further insists that only refugees that previously lived in those areas be allowed to resettle. Turkey, on the other hand, demanded that over 1 million refugees be resettled in the zone. Turkey later increased its demand to 2 to
874:
expressed his intention to disengage from the Syrian Civil War, initially ordering all US personnel in Syria to be withdrawn, before later deciding to leave a small contingent, at the behest of his military advisors. Nonetheless, the US is keen on maintaining good relations with Turkey, which had by
2069:
Neither the Syrian
Government, nor its Russian and Iranian allies were included in the negotiations. Their condemnation of the agreement stems primarily from the fact that two foreign nations (namely Turkey and the United States) had negotiated a demilitarized zone entirely within Syrian territory,
1508:
prisoners held in SDF captivity. Trump's sudden approval of a
Turkish incursion was seen as a reversal of the objectives of the Buffer Zone agreement and was received controversially within the United States. Spokesmen of the SDF said the U.S. move was a "stab in the back" and asserted that the SDF
1495:
press statement noted that Turkey would be "moving forward with its long-planned operation into northern Syria" and declared that while U.S. forces would not actively support the operation, they would withdraw from the area, essentially allowing it to take place. The statement reportedly suggested
1326:
accused the United States of "stalling" the implementation of the zone and reasserted the threat that Turkey would unilaterally invade
Northern Syria, if it deemed it necessary. He further demanded that the safe zone be expanded to 32 km, rather than the 5-9-14 model being implemented at that
1345:, Turkish president Erdogan stated Turkey was seeking to settle 2 to 3 million refugees within the border zone (up from one million from his 5 September statement). He reiterated the repeated Turkish threat to "implement own plans" if he deemed that "no results come" from the deal in two weeks.
1936:– The SDF announced support for the deal, stating that they were ready to support its implementation and would "strike to ensure the success of efforts towards implementing the understanding ... with the Turkish state". At the same time, the co-chair of the foreign relations department at the
938:
During summer of 2019, the
Turkish president announced that Turkey could "no longer wait" and would not tolerate continued SDF presence on the Turkish-Syrian border. He stated that if the US did not agree to a deal that would remove the SDF from those areas, Turkey would unilaterally launch a
951:
decided to enter into negotiations with Turkey over establishing a "safe zone", which would fundamentally address the SDF presence in
Northern Syria. The two sides initially failed to make any headway, with the US initially offering a 10–15 kilometres (6.2–9.3 mi)-deep zone under joint
3253:"Within 24 hours of the phone call between U.S. SECDEF and Turkish MINDEF to discuss security in northeast Syria, the SDF destroyed military fortifications, Aug 22. This demonstrates SDF's commitment to support implementation of the security mechanism framework.pic.twitter.com/7OwGELGzoQ"
1825:
expressed dissatisfaction with the size, scope and implementation timeline of the deal numerous times and has threatened to void the agreement, as well as allow free refugee migration to Europe, if the deal's terms are not altered and interpreted more in line with Turkey's vision for the
5067:"As I have stated strongly before, and just to reiterate, if Turkey does anything that I, in my great and unmatched wisdom, consider to be off limits, I will totally destroy and obliterate the Economy of Turkey (I've done before!). They must, with Europe and others, watch over..."
5176:"Lens of the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights monitors the withdrawal of vehicles and fighters affiliated to the Syria Democratic Forces from Al-Omar Oilfield towards the areas of Ras Al-Ayn and Tell Abyad at the border with Turkey • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights"
2054:
No provision was made in the deal for
Turkish control over the buffer zone, nor for standalone Turkish patrols within it, as of the time the Turkish President made this statement. This places the statement in direct contradiction with the previously reported terms of the
1303:. Six Turkish armored vehicles were involved in the patrol, along with several American armored vehicles, with the U.S. vehicles leading the way. The patrol headed to a Kurdish-controlled base to inspect it and to ensure that trenches and sand berms had been removed.
2087:. The SDF categorically opposes any such expansion and considers the entry of Turkish-backed opposition groups to be a 'red line' in negotiations. The deal explicitly states that the areas of the buffer zone are to remain under the military and civil control of the
4882:
5294:"The Commander-in-Chief of the Syrian Democratic Armed Forces, Mazlum Abdi: "We are considering a partnership with Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, with the aim of fighting Turkish forces." #Twitterkurds #Rojava #SDF #SAA #Turkey #TSKpic.twitter.com/gARn4Rdom0"
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1222:
Turkish president
Erdogan described the buffer zone as "nothing more than a name". Despite Erdogan's statement, his spokesman stated that Turkey had already completed its preparations for the implementation of the "U.S.-Turkish joint operational
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commented that Russia "always supports" de-escalation agreements, but insisted that all such agreements "respect Syria's sovereignty and territorial integrity as well as the rights of the Arab tribes, traditionally living around the
2657:
5161:
1854:– Russia warned of what it deemed were efforts to divide northeastern Syria and added that any legitimate agreement would require the approval of the Syrian Government. Russia urged dialogue between the Syrian Government and
1761:
On 22 October, the
Turkish and Russian presidents met and reached a deal aimed at concluding the Turkish offensive, based in part on the first buffer zone deal, but with significant changes and excluding the United States.
1435:, the Turkish-imposed deadline for the fulfillment of Turkish demands expired without satisfaction, casting uncertainty on the future of the Buffer Zone and leaving the region once more under threat of a Turkish incursion.
2016:
The SDF objects to the terms "safe zone" and "peace corridor", as they deem the areas they control to already be safe and peaceful. Those two terms are instead often used by the
Turkish and US authorities to refer to the
1008:
The zone would be 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) deep in most areas, while in a few limited areas would be expanded to 9–14 kilometres (5.6–8.7 mi) deep. The expanded part of the zone would be located between the towns
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expressed his support for a buffer zone in principle, stating that Turkey had been shouldering a "huge refugee load" and had "legitimate concerns" over the security of its southern borders. Russian Foreign Minister
2026:
Turkey has expressed dissatisfaction with the 9-5-14km model being established and has demanded it to be expanded to 32 km. The United States has ignored the demand, while the SDF has categorically rejected
1242:
The Turkish president expressed his desire to resettle one million refugees (out of the 3.6 million residing in Turkey at that point) within the buffer zone. He accused the international community, namely the
834:
since the breakdown of peace negotiations in 2015. For this reason, Turkey views the entire SDF as nothing more than an extension of the PKK. This has led Turkey to intervene twice against the group, first by
2566:
1517:
a threat to Erdogan in which he stated that if Turkey took any action that he, in what he considered to be his "great and unmatched wisdom", deemed "off limits", he would "totally destroy and obliterate" the
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The buffer zone collapsed in early October 2019, before it was fully implemented, when Turkey dismissed the agreement on 1 October and the United States abandoned the effort on 6 October after U.S. President
5103:
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1958:– The Syrian opposition, of which Turkey is one of the largest backers, supported the Turkish position by demanding that the safe zone be expanded to between 30–40 kilometres (19–25 mi). The opposition
1409:. He also held up a map, which depicted a 30 kilometres (19 mi) deep "safety corridor" in Northern Syria – reiterating the Turkish demand for an immediate extension of the buffer zone up to 30 km.
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1307:
The Syrian government vehemently condemned the initiation of joint patrols, stating that it viewed them as representing a flagrant violation of the country's national sovereignty and territorial integrity.
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in order to face the invasion. At the same time, SDF officials warned that they would "not hesitate to turn any unprovoked attack by Turkey into an all-out war on the entire border and defend our people".
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aspired to one day control the zone, stating that they had three files of 120 pages each, which documented a plan to govern the zone, should they somehow come to occupy it at some point in the future.
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units into SDF-held territories, which they hoped would forestall the planned Turkish invasion. Syria's Foreign Minister urged Kurdish forces to hand over several areas controlled by them to the
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1442:, the Turkish President warned that a full-scale Turkish invasion of Northern Syria could start that same or following day, after defining the joint U.S.-Turkish ground and air patrols as "a
1204:, Turkish president Erdoğan threatened that Turkey would "implement its own plans" if Turkish soldiers are not allowed to control the buffer zone in Northern Syria within two or three weeks.
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An SDF executive council co-chair stated that the buffer zone had gone off to a "good start", but insisted that Turkey must withdraw its troops from the border before "calm could prevail".
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1334:, the U.S. military was reported as considering the proposition of sending about 150 additional troops to Northern Syria in an attempt to "reduce tensions" between the SDF and Turkey. A
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1840:– The US embassy in Turkey released a statement, in which it noted that US and Turkish military delegations had met and agreed to work together to address Turkey's 'security concerns'.
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troops and medical personnel to SDF-held areas in Northern Syria, in what the Danish Government dubbed a move assist SDF and 'residual' U.S. forces in their fight against ISIL. The
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4913:"Battle along the borders between banks of the Tigris and Euphrates in case Turkey decides to start a military operation east Euphrates • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights"
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asserted that Turkey did not have a pressing "security concern" for a buffer zone at all, noting that Turkey had managed to successfully prevent any border crossings during the
1218:(composed of local fighters loyal to the SDF) began joint patrols with U.S. personnel around the town, following the withdrawal of regular SDF units from the area a week prior.
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warned that Turkey would not allow the plans for the implementation of the buffer zone to "stall" and cautioned that Turkey would not tolerate a repetition of the unenforced
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The Turkish Ahval agency reported that joint U.S.-Turkish patrols suggested that the United States was "submitting" to Turkish demands and thus providing Turkey an '
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4627:"BREAKING / #Turkey's president #Erdogan shows map for his nation's plan to establish a 30 km safety-corridor in northern #Syriapic.twitter.com/voQMVZYuNC"
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5207:"Large number of Reinforcements of SDF are sent from Raqqa and Deir ez-zor to the 370 km border of turkey. #Twitterkurds #Rojava #SDF #Turkey #TSK #Syria"
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The US and Turkey would conduct joint military patrols along the buffer zone, but would not occupy territory. Separate Turkish patrols would not be permitted.
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1747:" and would have great implications for other world conflicts by allowing militarily powerful nations to unilaterally assert themselves over weaker ones.
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along the Syrian side of the Syrian-Turkish border, while still leaving details about the size and scope of the "peace corridor" undefined and ambiguous.
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1890:– Iran condemned the agreement, considering it a "provocative and worrying step", which it deemed to violate the principles of international law and the
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Exactly which persons would be allowed to enter remains a contentious topic, as the SDF insists that any resettled refugees that previously fought for
1027:
forces would withdraw from the 5-9-14 km area of the buffer zone entirely, leaving the areas they withdraw from under the military control of the
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The Turkish President expressed dissatisfaction with the buffer zone, accusing the United States of creating the buffer zone for the benefit of the
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strongly condemned the Turkish operation, accusing Turkey of "disgracefully" violating international law, as well as Syria's territorial integrity.
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1255:, Turkish defense minister Hulusi Akar announced that joint U.S.-Turkish ground patrols within the zone were due to begin on Sunday, 8 September.
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4125:"#JustIn Erdoğan: "It seems that our ally (US) is after creating a safe zone for the terror group (YPG/PKK) not for us. We reject this approach""
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stated he would "introduce bipartisan sanctions against Turkey if they invade Syria". Graham said he would also "call for their suspension from
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Relations between Turkey and the SDF became increasingly hostile in mid 2019, with the SDF joining forces with the Syrian Government to repel a
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denounced the Turkish President's statement, considering his proposed relocation plan for 3 million refugees as a form of demographic war and '
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gave an ambiguous statement on the Turkish threat, stating that the United States was "working to make the security mechanism functional".
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1567:, with U.S. forces conducting a withdrawal from the border, SDF officials expressed their intentions to negotiate with Syrian President
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on 1 November 2018 as part of the 'Manbij Roadmap'. The roadmap was never fully implemented and joint patrols ceased shortly thereafter.
870:, leading to U.S. troops being stationed along SDF-held territories, thus preventing a Turkish invasion. At the same time, US President
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The joint US-Turkish operations center would oversee the implementation of the deal and coordinate actions between the two parties.
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The SDF later clarified that the majority of the zone would include rural areas and military positions, but not cities and towns.
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A buffer zone (also referred to as "safe zone" or "peace corridor" by some parties) would be established in the areas between the
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1908:– Shortly before joint US-Turkish ground patrols within the zone were due to begin, Denmark announced that it would be sending
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Turkish and American soldiers provide security for a joint ground patrol in the Northern Syria Buffer Zone, 24 September 2019
6235:(Read out of 6 October 2019, telephone conversation between Turkish president Erdogan and U.S. president Trump) – via
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1446:". He further stated that the Turkish military had already prepared for the attack and had received plans for the invasion.
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1675:'s Turkey Analyst publication reported that Turkish authorities may have viewed the buffer zone as a way to "move beyond
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in general, stating that it was providing monthly reports to Turkey as to what arms and vehicles were sent to the group.
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US-Turkish control, while Turkey demanded a 30–50 kilometres (19–31 mi)-deep zone under sole Turkish control.
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as a means to prevent the partition of Syria. However, several weeks later, during a visit by Turkish President
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to intervene in the crisis in order to prevent "further suffering and pain of the Kurdish people in Syria".
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revealed that the two sides had agreed on the specifics of the safe zone deal. They were listed as follows:
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1126:, the SDF began dismantling border fortifications along the Syrian-Turkish border under U.S. supervision.
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4596:"We must increase the depth of the safe zone in northern Syria to include Deir Ezzor and Raqqa – Erdogan"
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5708:"Turkey re-writes international law with "safe zone" invasion doctrine – Middle East – Jerusalem Post"
3850:"Turkey's Erdogan threatens to 'open the gates,' allow Syrian refugees to leave for Western countries"
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strongly condemned and categorically rejected the deal, dubbing it a "blatant attack" on the nation's
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7534:
7200:
7195:
7026:
6999:
6994:
6856:
6735:
6543:
6251:
4241:
3462:
2080:
1959:
1937:
1646:
1641:
1053:
The SDF would dismantle the border fortifications it has constructed along the Syrian-Turkish border.
447:
1579:, stating that should they refuse to do so, they would be faced with "abyss" in the face of Turkey.
9863:
9846:
9047:
8922:
8907:
8375:
8094:
8084:
8069:
7893:
7738:
7559:
7264:
6961:
6902:
6512:
3225:
1933:
1821:
roadmap. Cavusoglu further pledged to clear the buffer zone of "YPG terrorists". Turkish President
1739:
newspaper described the establishment of the buffer zone due to Turkish threats as a "rewriting of
1625:
1413:
1382:
jets were allowed to peacefully fly over the buffer zone area within the framework of the U.S.-led
1361:
1111:
986:
922:
799:
787:
715:
146:
95:
4124:
2274:
9903:
9893:
9883:
9001:
8960:
8950:
8745:
8599:
8520:
8325:
8188:
8017:
8007:
7753:
7733:
7519:
7269:
7239:
7222:
7100:
6752:
5066:
4658:"cool cool, announcing mass human rights violations on the #UNGA floorpic.twitter.com/G0fMuAyAMw"
1046:
would be allowed to monitor the zone, but Turkish warplanes would not be allowed to enter and no
1043:
699:
564:
4534:
1859:
1822:
1501:
1170:
852:
739:
10118:
9953:
9809:
9578:
8515:
8320:
8281:
7932:
7883:
7838:
7808:
7422:
7382:
7357:
7347:
7205:
7180:
7070:
7033:
7009:
6809:
5293:
5206:
3616:"Turkey to apply its own plan if not allowed to control Syria safe-zone: Erdoğan – Turkey News"
3029:
1723:
1107:
1005:
area) in Northern Syria, totaling in about 115 km of the border between the two countries.
914:
The US and Turkey had previously clashed diplomatically over the issue of the SDF-held city of
840:
770:
629:
624:
596:
5348:
3091:"First phase of safe zone begins, while Turkey's mistrust over previous deals with US lingers"
1267:
The first U.S.-Turkish joint ground patrol as part of the Northern Syria Buffer Zone agreement
830:(PKK), an organization which Turkey considers a terrorist group and with which it has engaged
9804:
7962:
7442:
6633:
6608:
6507:
4595:
1371:, U.S. and Turkish troops conducted their second joint ground patrol within the buffer zone.
1235:
856:
588:
45:
1533:
if they attack Kurdish forces who assisted the US in the destruction of the ISIS Caliphate".
10068:
10033:
9963:
9565:
9204:
8965:
8791:
8765:
8291:
7823:
7636:
7387:
7352:
7185:
7170:
7016:
6705:
6628:
6430:
6328:
4692:
4661:
4630:
4181:
1982:
1792:
1707:
1692:
1288:
948:
884:
783:
727:
214:
5323:
4657:
3120:
1478:
along the entire border were placed on alert and began preparing to resist Turkish forces.
738:
ordered the withdrawal of U.S. forces from northern Syria, allowing for Turkish President
8:
9384:
9339:
9304:
8816:
8620:
8399:
8064:
7900:
7254:
7234:
7055:
7038:
6939:
6841:
6618:
3252:
1699:
1680:
1654:
1138:
875:
that point already been strained by the refusal of the US to extradite Turkish dissident
452:
10028:
10018:
9324:
8770:
8237:
8168:
8129:
6846:
6824:
4094:"Erdoğan cites U.S.-Turkey disagreement over safe zone as joint patrols begin in Syria"
1940:
has stated that the SDF would not tolerate any advance of Turkish troops, nor of their
1734:
1691:-mandated sanctions against Turkey, which were voted in due to the Turkish purchase of
1492:
1154:
1077:
695:
437:
72:
7392:
7249:
5039:
4983:"Republicans and former US officials rip into Trump for abandoning the Kurds in Syria"
4418:
3914:
3736:
1676:
1658:
902:
876:
749:
The failed Turkish-U.S. arrangement was replaced on 22 October 2019 with the separate
9888:
9682:
9389:
9344:
8945:
8940:
8716:
8625:
8581:
7937:
7138:
6851:
6410:
6222:
6188:
4951:
4832:
3884:
3539:
3195:
2948:
2836:
2313:
2137:
1955:
1796:
1788:
1740:
1618:
1576:
1402:
1376:
758:
605:
500:
4688:
4626:
3819:"Erdoğan: We will Let Refugees Cross into Europe If Syria Safe Zone Not Established"
1338:
spokesman however stated that the U.S. "posture" in Syria would remain "unchanged".
1066:
currently housed in Turkey would start to be relocated to the areas within the zone.
10053:
10038:
9973:
9359:
9349:
9329:
9319:
9224:
9214:
9209:
9147:
9106:
9091:
8796:
8446:
8330:
7656:
7579:
7165:
6989:
6944:
6895:
6878:
6873:
6720:
6685:
6313:
6274:
4061:"Syria condemns launching US-Turkish joint patrols in the Syrian al-Jazeera region"
1727:
1417:
1295:
personnel conducted their first joint ground patrol starting from the perimeter of
1097:
1072:
Turkey would not establish any observation posts in Northern Syria, as it had done
803:
778:
692:
207:
193:
5587:
2159:"Turkey launches assault on Kurdish fighters in Syria, after US forces step aside"
1173:
stated that joint U.S.-Turkish ground patrols within the zone would begin "soon".
9374:
9279:
9254:
9177:
9167:
9162:
9152:
9101:
9096:
8668:
7763:
7584:
7150:
6917:
6740:
6613:
6517:
5824:"Erdoğan: I'll let Syrian refugees leave Turkey for west unless safe zone set up"
3877:"Erdoğan: I'll let Syrian refugees leave Turkey for west unless safe zone set up"
2037:
1568:
1519:
528:
490:
462:
2079:
No provision is made in the deal for any expansion of the areas governed by the
10023:
10008:
9605:
9314:
9284:
9234:
9219:
9199:
9187:
9172:
9157:
9081:
8394:
7175:
7060:
6934:
6836:
6680:
6231:
5096:"Donald Trump threatens to 'obliterate' Turkey's economy if it acts off limits"
2770:"US warns Turkey on Syria amid last-ditch talks to resolve buffer zone dispute"
1867:
1580:
1526:
1394:
1360:
confirmed that it was continuing to supply "tailored" arms and vehicles to the
1244:
1063:
711:
533:
9784:
9042:
5940:"Putin backs US-brokered security zone in Syria during Erdogan's Moscow visit"
1710:
as "deeply flawed and politicised", claimed that members of Turkish President
810:. The SDF is composed of numerous groups, most prominent among them being the
10107:
9968:
9898:
9369:
9334:
9289:
9259:
9239:
9194:
9182:
9029:
8806:
7160:
7075:
6710:
6192:
4955:
3888:
3199:
2840:
2740:"U.S. launches last-ditch effort to stop Turkish invasion of northeast Syria"
2317:
1872:
1837:
1594:
1010:
863:
510:
222:
159:
6060:"Denmark plans to boost military contributions to the Sahel, Syria and NATO"
3789:"Erdogan threatens to 'open gates' to Europe over buffer zone | Kathimerini"
2999:"Mazloum Abdi: Entire border must be protected – ANHA | HAWARNEWS | English"
2969:"Turkey, US agree on northern Syria buffer zone airspace control, Akar says"
2306:"They Were 'Comrades in Arms' Against ISIS. Now the U.S. Is Eyeing the Exit"
2219:"Turkey rejects latest proposals on Syria safe-zone, accuses US of stalling"
1397:
could be resettled within the buffer zone, if it is extended all the way to
1189:
units leaving their positions and withdrawing along with their weapons from
9978:
9299:
9274:
9249:
9244:
9052:
8690:
8635:
1684:
1632:
over Northern Syria, in order to prevent "an imminent humanitarian crisis".
1497:
1335:
1263:
1185:, the first stage of the planned Kurdish withdrawal came into effect, with
1158:
1101:
944:
871:
735:
579:
10043:
5794:"Turkey won't let US stall operation east of Euphrates, FM Çavuşoğlu says"
3121:"No permanent Turkish army posts will be in buffer zone: SDF spokesperson"
2559:"US and Turkish troops coordinate patrols in tense Manbij region of Syria"
2344:"How the United States Can Still Keep Faith With Its Best Allies in Syria"
1609:, Turkish President Erdogan announced that the offensive against the SDF,
9697:
9379:
9309:
9294:
9269:
4182:"U.S. stalling on Syria 'safe zone', Turkey will act alone if needed: FM"
1909:
1703:
1688:
1629:
1572:
1541:
1513:
Following the announcement of his approval of a Turkish operation, Trump
1406:
1134:
896:
5324:"FarsNews Agency – Syrian Kurds Resorting to Damascus after US Betrayal"
5126:"Trump warns Turkey of going too far after greenlighting Syria invasion"
3586:"Turkey has no patience or time regarding Syria safe zone, Erdoğan says"
3459:"SDF and Kurdish YPG forces to pull from Turkey-Syria border strip -..."
3188:"SDF and Kurdish YPG Forces to Pull From Turkey-Syria Border Strip: SDF"
2375:"The Unintended Consequences of Trump's Decision to Withdraw From Syria"
1300:
9062:
6150:"Damascus rejects Turkey-US safe zone plan, Kurds give guarded welcome"
5349:"SDF Considering Partnership with Syria Against Turkey: Commander Abdi"
5014:"'Shocking': Trump Is Criticized For Pulling Troops From Syrian Border"
3399:"Erdoğan says Turkish troops will enter planned Syria safe zone 'soon'"
2528:"The U.S. Presence in Syria Blocks Iranian, Russian, and Turkish Gains"
1549:
1545:
1467:
1443:
1296:
1212:
1194:
1190:
1142:
1076:. All observation posts would have to be built on the territory of the
1036:
1014:
981:
rivers, between which the buffer zone was established in northern Syria
702:
in August 2019 to maintain security along the border and to dissuade a
5768:"Turkey will not let Syria safe zone agreement be delayed: foreign..."
5618:"Joint patrols suggest U.S. submitting to Turkey's demands – analysis"
5236:
5175:
4912:
4535:"Turkish war planes fly over Syria in anti-IS campaign – China.org.cn"
4332:"Erdogan says 2 million-3 million Syrian refugees can be resettled..."
4155:"Turkey says U.S. stalling on Syria 'safe zone', will act alone if..."
3339:"Turkey-US conduct first reconnaissance flight in Syria – Turkey News"
2249:"Turkey to launch offensive in Kurdish-controlled area in northern..."
9354:
5528:"Turkey launches Syria invasion, Kurds ask US to enforce no-fly zone"
4778:"Turkey ready for operation east of Euphrates in Syria, Erdoğan says"
4752:"Erdogan says Turkey to launch military operation in northeast Syria"
4034:"Syria says joint U.S.-Turkish patrols violate country's sovereignty"
2894:"U.S., Turkey said to reach deal to head off clash over Syria, Kurds"
1453:
officials warned that any such attack could risk the re-emergence of
1047:
998:
978:
940:
5854:"Turkey to launch own Syria plan in weeks unless has 'safe zone'..."
4809:"Syrian Kurds say Turkish attack would help ISIS fighters to escape"
4302:"Erdogan touts grand plans to resettle Syrian refugees in safe zone"
1665:
1556:
1149:
The first joint U.S.-Turkish helicopter flight took place, with two
855:
frequently expressed a desire to forcefully remove the SDF from the
9072:
9020:
6243:
6227:"Statement from the [U.S.] Press Secretary: Foreign policy"
5379:"Syrian minister urges Kurds to return to Damascus or face 'abyss'"
4687:
SDF, Coordination & Military Ops Center- (24 September 2019).
3560:"Turkey to implement northeast Syria plan unless controls 'safe..."
3485:"Syrian Kurds pull forces from Turkish border after safe zone deal"
2497:"Is NATO's future at risk over US-Turkey rift? | DW | 14 June 2019"
2114:"US and Turkey reach accord, but concerns of Syrian Kurds continue"
1744:
1719:
1544:
toward the Syrian-Turkish border, particularly around the areas of
1426:
5409:"Kurdish-led SDF claim Syrian Army is preparing to capture Manbij"
4944:"US to let Turkish forces move into Syria, dumping Kurdish allies"
4883:"بعد تصريحات أردوغان.. "قسد" تحفر خنادق وتحصن مواقعها شمالي الرقة"
2925:"SDF command reveals details about buffer zone in northeast Syria"
2710:"Erdogan publicly announces Turkey invasion east of the Euphrates"
2619:"Erdoğan reiterates YPG warning over Syria's Manbij – Turkey News"
1141:
operations center (CJOC) was fully operational, adding that joint
10134:
Politics of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
10013:
5438:
4704:
4673:
4642:
4565:"Peace corridor to solve Syria migrant crysis: President Erdoğan"
3941:"Turkish-U.S. land patrols in Syria to start on 8 Sept.: Anadolu"
2189:"Turkey to Launch New Syria Operation Targeting Kurdish Militias"
1905:
1711:
1514:
1150:
2680:"Erdogan threatens to attack Syrian Kurdish militia 'very soon'"
1706:", which it dubbed "a terrible idea". The publication described
1234:, U.S. and Turkish helicopters conducted a third round of joint
837:
invading Northern Syria to prevent the linking of SDF-held areas
10063:
9851:
6544:
Relations between Syrian government and Kurdish groups in Syria
6308:
6090:"Defense Department Statement on Denmark's Deployment to Syria"
5648:"Syrian Safe Zone Moves U.S.-Turkey Relationship Beyond Kobani"
4060:
2867:"Turkey, U.S. Reach Agreement on Creating Buffer Zone in Syria"
2829:"Syria: Turkey and US reach deal to manage tensions over Kurds"
2803:"'Blatant aggression': Syria rejects US-Turkey safe zones deal"
2088:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1818:
1810:
1714:'s family and even Erdogan himself might have "supported" both
1588:
1450:
1279:
oversee deconstruction of YPG fortifications, 16 September 2019
1002:
994:
974:
933:
915:
907:
888:
823:
754:
172:
4388:"US continues to arm Syrian Kurds despite Turkey's objections"
3915:"Turkish-US ground patrols of Syria safe zone to start Sunday"
2589:"Turkey accuses US of failing to abide by deal on Syrian town"
9688:
Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference
6303:
4942:
Istanbul, Julian Borger Bethan McKernan in (7 October 2019).
4242:"U.S. Poised to Send 150 Troops to Patrol Northeastern Syria"
3313:"Turkey-US ops centre on Syria safe zone 'fully operational'"
3283:"SDF begins withdrawing from Turkish border in north Syria |"
1784:
1537:
1482:
1398:
1115:
1069:
Turkey would refrain from any incursions into Northern Syria.
939:
full-scale invasion against SDF-held territories east of the
49:
4479:"Turkish, US troops conduct 2nd joint patrol in north Syria"
3226:"Turkish drones start operating in northern Syria: ministry"
3061:"Turks skeptical over accord with US for Syrian 'safe zone'"
2406:"Trump reversed his plan to pull all US troops out of Syria"
2070:
without any input from the Syrian government or its backers.
969:
742:'s planned ground incursion into the region. The subsequent
6236:
6120:"Syria Kurds say will help implement US-Turkey 'safe zone'"
5678:"The emptiness of Turkey's complaints against Syrian Kurds"
5267:"Syrian Kurdish official eyes possible talks with Damascus"
4419:"U.S. continues to arm Kurds in Syrian Kurdistan: Pentagon"
4008:"Turkey, US begin 'safe zone' joint patrols in north Syria"
3737:"Kurdish official: Syria's 'safe zone' off to a good start"
2041:
1887:
1715:
1530:
1505:
1474:
the border as part of the Buffer Zone deal. Meanwhile, the
1454:
1379:
892:
845:
Turkey has established an occupation zone in northern Syria
5153:"Lindsey Graham turns on Trump over 'disaster' Syria move"
3646:"US, allied Kurdish force conduct patrol on Syrian border"
3429:"Efforts ongoing for Turkey-US patrols in Syria safe zone"
2437:"The U.S.-Turkey Relationship Is Worse Off Than You Think"
2083:, which at that time had been confined exclusively to the
1595:
End of demilitarization and beginning of Turkish offensive
1500:
approved of the Turkish offensive after Turkish President
1457:, as SDF units would have to leave their garrisons in the
1352:, the U.S. military was reported to have continued arming
3966:
Turkey, US begin ‘safe zone’ joint patrols in north Syria
1504:
assured him that Turkey would take over the detention of
1353:
1311:
1186:
1024:
1020:
815:
811:
9693:
International recognition of the Syrian National Council
5880:"Syria safe zone nothing more than a name, Erdoğan says"
5588:"Syria 'safe zone' nothing to do with Turkey's security"
3676:"Syria safe zone nothing more than a name, Erdoğan says"
3978:"US and Turkey launch joint patrols in northeast Syria"
6000:"Iran Slams US 'Provocative' Plan for Syria Safe Zone"
4358:"Turkey to initiate own plans if safe zone deal fails"
1118:
under the supervision of U.S. soldiers, 22 August 2019
1035:(the latter of which represents a confirmation of the
923:
Turkish-opposition military operation near Tell Rifaat
746:
on 9 October rendered the buffer zone fully obsolete.
8756:
National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change
5439:"Iraqi Kurdistan urges Russia to help Kurds in Syria"
2275:"Erdogan threatens attack on Kurdish forces in Syria"
1920:
906:
US and Turkish forces conduct a joint patrol outside
5012:
Chappell, Bill; Gonzales, Richard (7 October 2019).
1645:
American and Turkish soldiers fly over the DMZ in a
1559:
came out in a demonstration against Turkish threats.
10129:
Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2019
6395:
Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war
6181:"Syria safe zone plan may just be wishful thinking"
5970:"Russia follows US-Turkey safe-zone talks in Syria"
5910:"Statement on Joint Military Talks Regarding Syria"
5558:"Syrian gov't slams new Turkish operation in Syria"
5469:"Operation Peace Spring starts in N Syria: Erdogan"
3369:"US: Turkey-US conduct first reconnaissance flight"
1702:
described the establishment of the buffer zone as "
1555:Several thousand residents of the SDF-held city of
1536:The SDF sent a large number of reinforcements from
5502:"Turkey launches assault on Syrian Kurdish forces"
5151:
3158:"Safe Zone: Existing Project But Deferred Details"
2467:"Turkey too important for West to lose – analysis"
1683:, while giving political leverage to US President
541:UN Office for Coordination of Humanitarian affairs
9786:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
6221:
3516:"YPG withdraws forces from Syrian-Turkish border"
1628:urged the international community to implement a
1356:forces, despite repeated Turkish objections. The
1033:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
808:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
708:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
10105:
6179:Chulov, Martin; Borger, Julian (8 August 2019).
5738:"Syria Government Rejects US, Turkish Safe Zone"
5011:
1679:" and restart the by that point highly troubled
1427:Turkey dismisses buffer zone, threatens invasion
1176:
7953:Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict
7864:Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate
6447:International reactions to the Syrian civil war
4416:
4272:"US force posture in Syria unchanged: Pentagon"
4179:
1973:2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria
1724:Turkey's previous incursion into Northern Syria
1601:2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria
10164:Al-Hasakah Governorate in the Syrian civil war
6364:Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)
5040:"Kurds condemn US 'stab in the back' in Syria"
4449:"Pentagon: US continues to arm Kurds in Syria"
2303:
1750:
1509:would "defend north-east Syria at all costs".
1114:dismantling border fortifications in northern
9770:
6259:
4719:"Turkey's Syria 'safe zone' deadline expires"
4212:"US could deploy 150 troops to Syria: report"
3763:"Joint U.S. and Turkey Reconnaissance Flight"
3706:"Turkey is ready for Syria safe zone – Kalin"
1258:
862:On the other hand, the SDF became one of the
656:
7106:Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (Dec–Jan)
6503:2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria
6390:Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war
6178:
6030:"Denmark to deploy troops to Northern Syria"
934:Preliminary negotiations and initial failure
841:a full-scale attack against the SDF in Afrin
698:(DMZ) established on the Syrian side of the
10174:Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war
9646:Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal
6886:Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013)
6452:Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war
4837:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3544:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2953:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2650:"U.S. and Turkey Spar Over Syria Safe Zone"
2304:Hubbard, Ben; Schmitt, Eric (12 May 2019).
2142:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1988:Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war
1743:", which implicitly recognized a "right to
1687:to continue delaying the implementation of
1389:Turkish president Erdogan spoke before the
10154:Aleppo Governorate in the Syrian civil war
9777:
9763:
9641:First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal
8590:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region
7789:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)
7550:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)
6266:
6252:
4334:Reuters. 18 September 2019. Archived from
4157:Reuters. 10 September 2019. Archived from
2156:
1483:U.S. forces withdraw, SDF pledges to fight
1087:
879:(whom Turkey accuses of masterminding the
663:
649:
10159:Raqqa Governorate in the Syrian civil war
9521:International demonstrations and protests
7627:September Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack
6923:Rif Dimashq offensive (Nov 2012–Feb 2013)
5504:. Agence France-Presse. 16 January 2012.
5496:
5494:
5269:. Reuters. 8 October 2019. Archived from
5128:. Agence France-Presse. 16 January 2012.
4655:
3251:Command, U. S. Central (23 August 2019).
2525:
2091:government and the SDF military councils.
1275:A U.S. soldier and a member of the SDF's
964:
843:. As a result of the Turkish operations,
9667:Universal jurisdiction trials in Germany
8751:Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution
4941:
4746:
4744:
4656:Schneider, Tobias (24 September 2019).
4088:
4086:
4058:
3874:
2797:
2795:
2372:
1640:
1459:recently secured former ISIL strongholds
1270:
1262:
1106:
968:
901:
782:
6731:Rif Dimashq clashes (Nov 2011-Mar 2012)
6498:US intervention in the Syrian civil war
5914:U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Turkey
5291:
5241:The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights
5204:
5180:The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights
4980:
4917:The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights
4806:
3847:
3513:
3461:Reuters. 27 August 2019. Archived from
3250:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3027:
2922:
2835:. Agence France-Presse. 7 August 2019.
2595:. Associated Press. 30 September 2018.
2556:
2111:
2065:
2063:
2061:
1998:US intervention in the Syrian civil war
1571:for a deal that could see the entry of
775:Kurdish–Turkish conflict (2015–present)
10106:
8135:Northwestern offensive (Dec 19–Mar 20)
7413:Northwestern Syria offensive (Oct–Nov)
5491:
4625:Syria, S. M. M. (24 September 2019).
4606:from the original on 24 September 2019
4575:from the original on 24 September 2019
4545:from the original on 24 September 2019
4505:"Turkish jets fly over northern Syria"
4485:from the original on 24 September 2019
4459:from the original on 20 September 2019
4429:from the original on 20 September 2019
4368:from the original on 20 September 2019
4312:from the original on 20 September 2019
4252:from the original on 13 September 2019
4222:from the original on 13 September 2019
4192:from the original on 15 September 2019
4071:from the original on 13 September 2019
3917:. Associated Press. 6 September 2019.
3848:Wallace, Danielle (5 September 2019).
3769:from the original on 21 September 2020
2904:from the original on 23 September 2019
2647:
2538:from the original on 13 September 2019
2285:from the original on 19 September 2019
928:
9758:
9636:Idlib demilitarization (2018–present)
9406:
9136:
8562:
8423:April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike
8243:Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict
7983:Southern Damascus offensive (Apr–May)
7948:Southern Damascus offensive (Jan–Feb)
7859:Northwestern campaign (Oct 17–Feb 18)
7849:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Sep 17–Mar 18)
6564:
6285:
6247:
6100:from the original on 6 September 2019
6070:from the original on 9 September 2019
5980:from the original on 4 September 2019
5890:from the original on 4 September 2019
5860:from the original on 1 September 2019
5834:from the original on 6 September 2019
5449:from the original on 12 November 2019
5064:
4741:
4624:
4417:Editorial Staff (19 September 2019).
4180:Editorial Staff (10 September 2019).
4122:
4083:
4040:from the original on 9 September 2019
4014:from the original on 8 September 2019
3988:from the original on 9 September 2019
3947:from the original on 6 September 2019
3921:from the original on 6 September 2019
3895:from the original on 6 September 2019
3856:from the original on 6 September 2019
3799:from the original on 5 September 2019
3743:from the original on 5 September 2019
3716:from the original on 4 September 2019
3686:from the original on 4 September 2019
3626:from the original on 4 September 2019
3596:from the original on 4 September 2019
3566:from the original on 1 September 2019
2873:from the original on 10 November 2021
2792:
2750:from the original on 8 September 2019
2434:
806:and serve as the armed forces of the
8761:Syrian Revolution General Commission
8501:January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria
7280:Second Battle of the Shaer gas field
6483:Turkish occupation of northern Syria
6273:
6010:from the original on 26 January 2020
5538:from the original on 11 October 2019
5304:from the original on 24 October 2019
5247:from the original on 11 January 2023
5217:from the original on 8 November 2019
5186:from the original on 11 January 2023
5106:from the original on 11 January 2023
5076:from the original on 28 October 2019
5020:from the original on 25 October 2019
4993:from the original on 28 October 2019
4962:from the original on 31 October 2019
4923:from the original on 11 January 2023
4893:from the original on 11 January 2023
4819:from the original on 15 October 2019
4788:from the original on 12 October 2019
4758:from the original on 14 October 2019
4729:from the original on 12 October 2019
4594:Now, TRT World (24 September 2019).
4135:from the original on 11 January 2023
3829:from the original on 11 January 2023
3734:
3143:
3131:from the original on 2 December 2019
3058:
3040:from the original on 10 October 2019
2569:from the original on 11 January 2023
2403:
2157:Pitarakis, Lefteris; Mroue, Bassem.
2058:
1993:Turkish occupation of northern Syria
1661:without the need for a buffer zone.
985:In mid August 2019, the head of the
21:Turkish occupation of northern Syria
9718:Syrian civil war in popular culture
9611:UN Security Council Resolution 2118
7540:Northern Aleppo offensive (Mar–Jun)
7230:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb–Jul)
7213:First Battle of the Shaer gas field
6199:from the original on 27 August 2019
6160:from the original on 29 August 2019
6130:from the original on 25 August 2019
5950:from the original on 29 August 2019
5920:from the original on 25 August 2019
5804:from the original on 25 August 2019
5774:from the original on 25 August 2019
5748:from the original on 25 August 2019
5718:from the original on 6 October 2019
5688:from the original on 6 October 2019
5658:from the original on 6 October 2019
5628:from the original on 6 October 2019
5598:from the original on 13 August 2019
5508:from the original on 9 October 2019
5479:from the original on 9 October 2019
5389:from the original on 8 October 2019
5359:from the original on 8 October 2019
5132:from the original on 7 October 2019
5065:Trump, Donald J. (7 October 2019).
5046:from the original on 7 October 2019
4863:from the original on 8 October 2019
4686:
4593:
4394:. 19 September 2019. Archived from
4282:from the original on 1 October 2019
3735:Deeb, Sarah El (4 September 2019).
3526:from the original on 29 August 2019
3495:from the original on 27 August 2019
3439:from the original on 26 August 2019
3409:from the original on 26 August 2019
3379:from the original on 25 August 2019
3349:from the original on 25 August 2019
3319:from the original on 29 August 2019
3293:from the original on 25 August 2019
3263:from the original on 24 August 2019
3232:from the original on 25 August 2019
3206:from the original on 27 August 2019
3168:from the original on 29 August 2019
3101:from the original on 26 August 2019
3071:from the original on 17 August 2019
3009:from the original on 25 August 2019
2979:from the original on 17 August 2019
2935:from the original on 30 August 2019
2847:from the original on 26 August 2019
2809:from the original on 27 August 2019
2780:from the original on 25 August 2019
2720:from the original on 25 August 2019
2690:from the original on 28 August 2019
2629:from the original on 25 August 2019
2599:from the original on 25 August 2019
2507:from the original on 25 August 2019
2447:from the original on 25 August 2019
2354:from the original on 25 August 2019
2255:from the original on 25 August 2019
2199:from the original on 25 August 2019
2169:from the original on 9 October 2019
2124:from the original on 25 August 2019
1914:United States Department of Defense
1585:Iraqi Kurdistan Regional Government
1358:United States Department of Defense
1145:flights would begin that same day.
635:Raqqa Is Being Slaughtered Silently
355:US-Russia ceasefire proposal (2016)
120:No longer in effect, replaced with
13:
9621:2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement
8812:Authenticity and Development Front
8486:2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown
8481:December 2011 Turkish border clash
8272:Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes
7729:Southwestern Daraa offensive (Feb)
7642:Western al-Bab offensive (Oct–Nov)
7500:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Feb–Mar)
6768:December Jabal al-Zawiya massacres
6539:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria
6493:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria
6380:Casualties of the Syrian civil war
5562:AMN – Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز
5475:. Anadolu Agency. 9 October 2019.
5413:AMN – Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز
5292:Network, Rojava (8 October 2019).
5205:Network, Rojava (7 October 2019).
5164:from the original on 21 June 2022.
4392:AMN – Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز
3028:Network, Rojava (22 August 2019).
2526:Frantzman, Seth (23 August 2019).
2435:Sazak, Selim (11 September 2018).
2416:from the original on 1 August 2019
2373:Seligman, Lara (28 January 2019).
1978:Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)
1921:Non-state groups and organizations
1465:United States Secretary of Defense
868:military intervention against ISIL
790:-controlled territory (green) and
710:. The DMZ was administered by the
305:Geneva II Mideast peace conference
29:Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)
14:
10185:
8511:Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident
8452:Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut
8405:April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike
7973:Northern Homs offensive (Apr–May)
7958:Southern Damascus offensive (Mar)
7699:Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)
7565:May Jableh & Tartous bombings
7515:February Sayyidah Zaynab bombings
7480:Second Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin
7433:East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)
6820:Idlib Governorate operation (Apr)
6488:Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone
6215:
4853:"Secretary Esper Press Interview"
4123:İleri, Kasım (8 September 2019).
2891:
2869:. Bloomberg News. 7 August 2019.
2660:from the original on 27 July 2019
2385:from the original on 27 July 2019
2229:from the original on 30 July 2019
1757:Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone
751:Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone
593:Constitution of Syrian Opposition
395:Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone
295:U.S.–Russia peace proposal (2013)
122:Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone
25:Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone
9739:
9738:
9455:2017 Northern regional elections
9087:Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria
8698:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition
8563:
8213:Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah
8110:Turkish offensive into northeast
8090:Northwestern offensive (Apr–Aug)
7978:Eastern Qalamoun offensive (Apr)
7647:Khan al-Shih offensive (Oct–Nov)
7490:January Sayyidah Zaynab bombings
6758:Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush
6639:2010s in Syria political history
6385:Refugees of the Syrian civil war
6172:
6142:
6112:
6082:
6052:
6022:
5992:
5962:
5932:
5902:
5872:
5846:
5816:
5786:
5760:
5730:
5700:
5670:
5640:
5610:
5580:
5564:. 9 October 2019. Archived from
5550:
5520:
5461:
5431:
5415:. 8 October 2019. Archived from
5401:
5371:
5341:
5316:
5285:
5259:
5229:
5198:
5168:
5144:
5118:
5088:
5058:
5032:
5005:
2324:from the original on 9 June 2019
2073:
1948:
1927:
1898:
1880:
1844:
1830:
1803:
1777:
1238:patrols within the buffer zone.
1161:, flying on the same helicopter.
881:2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt
818:and their political branch, the
802:are an armed participant in the
221:
165:
152:
140:
57:
9651:Syrian Constitutional Committee
8997:International Freedom Battalion
8595:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
7993:Deir ez-Zor offensive (May–Jun)
7943:Rif Dimashq offensive (Feb–Apr)
7889:Battle of Deir ez-Zor (Sep–Nov)
7744:East Aleppo offensive (Jan–Apr)
7719:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan–Feb)
7709:Desert campaign (Dec 16–Apr 17)
7575:Rif Dimashq offensive (Jun–Oct)
7555:Rif Dimashq offensive (Apr–May)
7495:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb)
7363:Battle of Nasib Border Crossing
7245:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug–Nov)
7091:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep–Nov)
7022:Rif Dimashq offensive (Mar–Aug)
6891:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug-Oct)
6726:Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)
6701:June Jisr ash-Shughur operation
4974:
4935:
4905:
4875:
4845:
4800:
4770:
4711:
4680:
4649:
4618:
4587:
4557:
4527:
4497:
4471:
4441:
4423:Kurd Net – Ekurd.net Daily News
4410:
4380:
4350:
4324:
4294:
4264:
4234:
4204:
4186:Kurd Net – Ekurd.net Daily News
4173:
4147:
4116:
4052:
4026:
4000:
3970:
3959:
3933:
3907:
3868:
3841:
3811:
3781:
3755:
3728:
3698:
3668:
3638:
3608:
3578:
3552:
3507:
3477:
3451:
3421:
3391:
3361:
3331:
3305:
3275:
3244:
3218:
3180:
3113:
3083:
3052:
3021:
2991:
2961:
2916:
2885:
2859:
2821:
2762:
2732:
2702:
2672:
2648:Wilson, Audrey (25 July 2019).
2641:
2611:
2581:
2550:
2519:
2489:
2459:
2428:
2404:Ward, Alex (22 February 2019).
2397:
2085:Turkish occupied areas of Syria
2048:
2030:
2020:
2010:
1673:Central Asia-Caucasus Institute
1391:United Nations General Assembly
1299:, close to the Turkish town of
1137:reported that the U.S.-Turkish
955:
847:, which was made the target of
572:Destruction of Chemical Weapons
405:Syrian Constitutional Committee
8506:Assassination of Andrei Karlov
8376:May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents
8075:ISIL insurgency in Deir-ez-Zor
7819:Southern Raqqa offensive (Jun)
7622:September Deir ez-Zor air raid
7612:Western al-Bab offensive (Sep)
7570:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Jun)
7560:Northern Raqqa offensive (May)
7448:Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown
3059:Idiz, Semih (15 August 2019).
2557:Rempfer, Kyle (26 July 2018).
2366:
2336:
2297:
2267:
2241:
2211:
2181:
2150:
2105:
1104:flights over the buffer zone.
1001:rivers (notably excluding the
947:massing along the border, the
883:) and the Turkish purchase of
866:' main Syrian partners in the
1:
9450:2017 Northern local elections
9440:2015 Northern local elections
8802:National Front for Liberation
8739:Local Coordination Committees
8287:Northern Aleppo clashes (Oct)
8125:Israeli missile strikes (Nov)
7769:Khan Shaykhun chemical attack
7066:Khan al-Assal chemical attack
6862:18 July 2012 Damascus bombing
6676:Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb
6461:Specific groups and countries
6286:
4889:(in Arabic). 5 October 2019.
4059:ghossoun (8 September 2019).
4036:. Reuters. 8 September 2019.
3943:. Reuters. 6 September 2019.
3875:Agencies (5 September 2019).
2098:
1892:Charter of the United Nations
1649:helicopter, 16 September 2019
1177:Planned SDF withdrawal begins
1031:and the civil control of the
764:
315:Staffan de Mistura peace plan
9713:2015 European migrant crisis
8987:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
7879:Euphrates Crossing offensive
7373:Western al-Hasakah offensive
7333:Eastern al-Hasakah offensive
7201:Qalamoun offensive (Jun–Aug)
6957:Quneitra Governorate clashes
6696:Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh
6624:Syrian occupation of Lebanon
6565:
6373:Effects and ongoing concerns
1795:, as well as a violation of
1765:
1277:Serê Kaniyê Military Council
792:Turkish-controlled territory
704:prospective Turkish invasion
415:Syrian-Turkish normalization
7:
10124:August 2019 events in Syria
9601:U.S.–Russia peace proposals
9556:Syrian government reactions
9546:Status of the Golan Heights
9541:Sectarianism and minorities
9465:2020 parliamentary election
9445:2016 parliamentary election
9430:2012 parliamentary election
9407:
9365:Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid
9265:Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni
9112:Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan
8971:Northern Democratic Brigade
8827:Muslim Brotherhood in Syria
8822:Revolutionary Commando Army
8703:Popular Mobilization Forces
8491:2012 Turkish border clashes
8080:Dêrik prison escape attempt
7485:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan)
7438:2015–2016 Latakia offensive
7408:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep)
7403:Palmyra offensive (Jul–Aug)
7290:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Dec)
7275:Second Inter-Rebel Conflict
7051:Bayda and Baniyas massacres
6359:Sectarianism and minorities
6334:Syrian government reactions
4754:. Reuters. 5 October 2019.
4481:. United States: ABC News.
4010:. United States: ABC News.
3228:. Reuters. 14 August 2019.
3194:. Reuters. 27 August 2019.
1966:
1916:welcomed this announcement.
1813:– Turkish foreign minister
1770:
1751:Russian-Turkish buffer zone
1726:had ended in "anti-Kurdish
1636:
1327:point by the U.S. and SDF.
1322:, Turkish Foreign Minister
1133:, Turkish defense minister
82:115 kilometres (71 mi)
16:Demilitarized zone in Syria
10:
10190:
9596:Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan
9470:2021 presidential election
9435:2014 presidential election
9137:
8681:medical facility targeting
8537:Deir ez-Zor missile strike
8496:2013 Reyhanlı car bombings
8415:Jordanian border incidents
8060:Idlib inter-rebel conflict
7998:As-Suwayda offensive (Jun)
7874:Eastern campaign (Sep–Dec)
7662:Aleppo offensive (Nov-Dec)
7632:Aleppo offensive (Sep–Oct)
7602:Operation Euphrates Shield
7530:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan
7418:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)
7343:Battle of Sarrin (Jun–Jul)
7338:Battle of Sarrin (Mar–Apr)
7285:Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin
7134:First Inter-rebel conflict
7096:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)
7005:Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)
6908:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan
6094:U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
4857:U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
1754:
1668:' into even more demands.
1598:
1384:Operation Inherent Resolve
1293:United States Armed Forces
1259:Joint ground patrols begin
891:, as Turkey is considered
826:considers a branch of the
768:
724:United States Armed Forces
677:Northern Syria Buffer Zone
438:Bashar Assad presidentship
385:Northern Syria Buffer Zone
285:Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan
39:Northern Syria Buffer Zone
18:
10088:
10059:North Mesopotamian Arabic
9949:
9942:
9925:
9918:
9869:People's Protection Units
9800:
9793:
9734:
9675:
9659:
9564:
9478:
9417:
9413:
9402:
9143:
9132:
9071:
9058:Group of the One and Only
9038:Military activity of ISIL
9028:
9019:
8979:
8931:People's Protection Units
8921:
8913:Smaller political parties
8893:
8884:Autonomous Administration
8882:
8840:
8784:
8724:
8715:
8649:
8641:Palestine Liberation Army
8613:
8580:
8573:
8569:
8558:
8529:
8470:
8431:
8413:
8384:
8355:
8344:
8305:
8251:
8197:
8174:Idlib Governorate clashes
8148:
8100:Hass refugee camp bombing
8036:
7988:Deir ez-Zor clashes (Apr)
7909:
7824:Jobar offensive (Jun–Aug)
7799:Maskanah Plains offensive
7794:Desert campaign (May–Jul)
7724:Daraa offensive (Feb–Jun)
7675:
7456:
7298:
7196:Second siege of Wadi Deif
7191:Kafr Zita chemical attack
7156:Daraa offensive (Feb–May)
7114:
7027:Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl
6970:
6776:
6763:Idlib Governorate clashes
6748:Daraa Governorate clashes
6716:Jabal al-Zawiya operation
6647:
6577:
6573:
6560:
6531:
6460:
6439:
6403:
6372:
6296:
6292:
6281:
5856:Reuters. 31 August 2019.
3562:Reuters. 31 August 2019.
2281:. London. 4 August 2019.
2081:Syrian Interim Government
1960:Syrian Interim Government
1938:Syrian Democratic Council
1393:, stating that 3 million
413:
403:
393:
383:
373:
363:
353:
343:
333:
323:
313:
303:
293:
283:
268:
258:
250:Arab League initiative II
248:
238:
189:
181:
132:
127:
116:
106:
91:
86:
78:
68:
56:
43:
38:
10139:Syrian Democratic Forces
9874:Women's Protection Units
9864:Syrian Democratic Forces
9048:Khalid ibn al-Walid Army
8992:Kurdistan Workers' Party
8936:Women's Protection Units
8908:Kurdish National Council
8357:Israel and Golan Heights
8228:Battle of Qamishli (Apr)
8070:Battle of Baghuz Fawqani
7829:Quneitra offensive (Jun)
7784:April Turkish airstrikes
7759:Hama offensive (Mar–Apr)
7592:Southern Aleppo campaign
7535:Battle of Qamishli (Apr)
7428:Homs offensive (Nov-Dec)
7398:Quneitra offensive (Jun)
7328:Southern Syria Offensive
6962:Talbiseh bakery massacre
6913:First siege of Wadi Deif
6903:Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz
6800:January al-Midan bombing
6532:Agreements and dialogues
6513:Syrian Democratic Forces
5770:Reuters. 8 August 2019.
2251:Reuters. 5 August 2019.
2003:
1934:Syrian Democratic Forces
1626:Syrian Democratic Forces
1414:Syrian Democratic Forces
1362:Syrian Democratic Forces
1112:Syrian Democratic Forces
987:Syrian Democratic Forces
828:Kurdistan Workers' Party
800:Syrian Democratic Forces
716:Syrian Democratic Forces
240:Arab League initiative I
185:16 August–9 October 2019
147:Syrian Democratic Forces
96:Syrian Democratic Forces
19:Not to be confused with
9904:Afrin Liberation Forces
9894:Army of Revolutionaries
9884:Syriac Military Council
9526:International reactions
9511:Human rights violations
9002:Sinjar Resistance Units
8961:Syriac Military Council
8951:Army of Revolutionaries
8886:of North and East Syria
8746:Syrian National Council
8600:Arab Socialist Movement
8521:Operation Spring Shield
8462:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017)
8442:Lebanese border clashes
8336:Northern border clashes
8297:Northwest clashes (Dec)
8277:Jabal al-Bishrī clashes
8179:Kafr-Takharim airstrike
8028:Northern border clashes
7749:March Damascus bombings
7714:Idlib clashes (Jan–Mar)
7667:Palmyra offensive (Dec)
7545:Palmyra offensive (Mar)
7378:Palmyra offensive (May)
7223:Battle of Tabqa Airbase
7218:Eastern Syria offensive
7101:Battle of al-Yaarubiyah
4065:Syrian Arab News Agency
2348:washingtoninstitute.org
1583:, senior politician in
1088:Implementation timeline
1044:reconnaissance aircraft
706:of the self-proclaimed
565:Federalization of Syria
10169:Syria–Turkey relations
9954:Flag of Northern Syria
9703:Syrian detainee report
9589:UN supervision mission
9579:Friends of Syria Group
9501:Damaged heritage sites
8903:Democratic Union Party
8855:Jordanian intervention
8776:Syrian Patriotic Group
8605:Syrian Communist Party
8516:2020 Balyun airstrikes
8371:February 2018 incident
8018:Qamishli clashes (Sep)
7933:Operation Olive Branch
7774:Shayrat missile strike
7607:Aleppo summer campaign
7597:Battle of al-Rai (Aug)
7510:February Homs bombings
7368:Battle of Yarmouk Camp
7358:Second Battle of Idlib
7071:Khan al-Assal massacre
7034:Ghouta chemical attack
6416:Early insurgency phase
1650:
1611:Operation Peace Spring
1280:
1268:
1119:
1096:, Turkish observation
982:
965:Terms of the agreement
911:
839:and later by starting
795:
771:Operation Olive Branch
630:Free Syrian University
625:Friends of Syria Group
597:Constitution of Rojava
375:Idlib demilitarization
9879:SDF military councils
9805:Libertarian socialism
9708:Syrian media coverage
9584:Kofi Annan peace plan
9007:Êzîdxan Women's Units
8956:SDF military councils
8686:military intervention
8659:Hezbollah involvement
8614:Military and militias
8457:North Lebanon clashes
8218:Missile strikes (Jan)
8105:Missile strikes (Aug)
8023:Missile strikes (Sep)
7968:Missile strikes (Apr)
7963:Douma chemical attack
7814:Daraa offensive (Jun)
7505:Al-Shaddadi offensive
7443:Tishrin Dam offensive
7323:Daraa Offensive (Jan)
7318:Air Force An-26 crash
7260:Daraa offensive (Oct)
7144:Deir ez-Zor offensive
7010:Battle of Raqqa (Mar)
6810:First Battle of Idlib
6634:Human rights in Syria
6508:Kurdish Area in Syria
6324:Background and causes
4455:. 19 September 2019.
4453:english.alarabiya.net
4364:. 18 September 2019.
4308:. 18 September 2019.
4248:. 12 September 2019.
4218:. 13 September 2019.
1693:S-400 missile systems
1644:
1476:SDF military councils
1274:
1266:
1236:aerial reconnaissance
1110:
1029:SDF military councils
972:
905:
895:'s key member in the
885:S-400 missile systems
857:Syrian-Turkish border
786:
753:, negotiated between
589:Constitution of Syria
529:Peace envoy for Syria
523:International brokers
448:Opposition government
270:Kofi Annan peace plan
100:SDF Military Councils
46:Syrian-Turkish border
10069:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
9616:Geneva II conference
9574:Arab League monitors
9551:Spillover in Lebanon
9460:2018 local elections
9425:2011 local elections
9205:Fahd Jassem al-Freij
8966:Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa
8792:Syrian National Army
8766:Syrian Support Group
8292:Operation Claw-Sword
8267:Battle of al-Hasakah
8013:As-Suwayda (Aug-Nov)
7854:Hama offensive (Sep)
7704:January Azaz bombing
7617:5 September bombings
7388:Tell Abyad offensive
7186:Battle of Al-Malihah
7086:Battle of Tell Abyad
7081:Battle of Ras al-Ayn
6832:May Battle of Rastan
6629:Damascus Declaration
6473:Russian intervention
6431:Syrian peace process
6421:2012–2013 escalation
6404:Phases and processes
6344:Inter-rebel conflict
6329:Syrian peace process
6066:. 7 September 2019.
5886:. 4 September 2019.
5830:. 5 September 2019.
5684:. 3 September 2019.
4887:وكالة ستيب الإخبارية
4515:on 24 September 2019
4398:on 20 September 2019
4338:on 20 September 2019
3825:. 5 September 2019.
3765:. 6 September 2019.
3739:. Associated Press.
3712:. 4 September 2019.
3682:. 4 September 2019.
2898:The Washington Times
1983:Syrian peace process
1866:, Russian President
1860:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
1823:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
1793:national sovereignty
1708:Turkish intelligence
1698:The conservative US
1681:US- Turkey relations
1496:that U.S. President
1314:, instead of Turkey.
1171:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
1169:, Turkish president
949:Trump Administration
853:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
851:. Turkish President
740:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
728:Turkish Armed Forces
443:Ba'athist government
215:Syrian peace process
10149:Demilitarized zones
9859:Self-Defense Forces
9506:Foreign involvement
9385:Abdurrahman Mustafa
9340:Yassin al-Haj Saleh
9305:Abdul Halim Khaddam
8817:Army of Free Tribes
8785:Opposition militias
8676:Russian involvement
8664:Iranian involvement
8621:Syrian Armed Forces
8400:Operation al-Shabah
8366:March 2017 incident
8085:Tell Rifaat clashes
7901:Beit Jinn offensive
7894:Abu Kamal offensive
7834:Idlib clashes (Jul)
7804:East Hama offensive
7525:Battle of Tel Abyad
7265:Al-Safira offensive
7255:Homs school bombing
7044:Battle of al-Qusayr
7039:Al-Qusayr offensive
6842:Battle of al-Haffah
6815:Battle of al-Qusayr
6691:May Talkalakh siege
6599:Corrective Movement
6478:Turkish involvement
6468:Russian involvement
6040:on 9 September 2019
5742:The Syrian Observer
5682:Washington Examiner
4981:Haltiwanger, John.
3656:on 4 September 2019
3620:Hürriyet Daily News
3373:Middle East Monitor
3343:Hürriyet Daily News
2744:The Washington Post
2714:Middle East Monitor
2625:. 5 February 2019.
2623:Hürriyet Daily News
2193:The Syrian Observer
2163:The Times of Israel
2045:3 million refugees.
1942:allied armed groups
1700:Washington Examiner
1655:Rudaw Media Network
929:Negotiation process
700:Syria–Turkey border
679:(also known as the
506:Situation in Aleppo
453:Secularism in Syria
204:Part of a series on
9325:Ali Mahmoud Othman
8771:Adopt a Revolution
8734:National Coalition
8726:Interim government
8326:Damascus airstrike
8233:US airstrike (Jun)
8223:US airstrike (Feb)
8189:Deir ez-Zor ambush
8130:Qah missile strike
8008:As-Suwayda attacks
8003:Southern offensive
7844:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug)
7754:Al-Jinah airstrike
7520:Khanasir offensive
7240:Quneitra offensive
7000:Damascus offensive
6995:Battle of Shadadeh
6857:Battle of Damascus
6847:Al-Qubeir massacre
6825:Battle of Taftanaz
6736:Battle of Zabadani
6225:(6 October 2019).
6006:. 18 August 2019.
5946:. 27 August 2019.
5800:. 11 August 2019.
5712:The Jerusalem Post
5355:. 8 October 2019.
5243:. 7 October 2019.
5182:. 7 October 2019.
5160:. 7 October 2019.
5042:. 7 October 2019.
4919:. 6 October 2019.
4784:. 5 October 2019.
4246:The New York Times
4104:on 15 October 2019
3622:. 31 August 2019.
3592:. 31 August 2019.
3491:. 27 August 2019.
3375:. 25 August 2019.
3345:. 25 August 2019.
3289:. 23 August 2019.
3192:The New York Times
3164:. 29 August 2019.
2975:. 16 August 2019.
2310:The New York Times
1722:and asserted that
1651:
1493:White House Office
1281:
1269:
1155:United States Army
1120:
1078:Republic of Turkey
983:
912:
796:
696:demilitarized zone
691:) was a temporary
689:Security Mechanism
491:Electricity supply
485:Secondary concerns
325:Zabadani agreement
260:Churkin peace plan
102:(during existence)
92:Controlled by
73:Demilitarised zone
10101:
10100:
10084:
10083:
9938:
9937:
9914:
9913:
9889:Al-Sanadid Forces
9835:Political parties
9825:Foreign Relations
9752:
9751:
9730:
9729:
9726:
9725:
9683:Exclusive mandate
9660:War crimes trials
9631:2016 Geneva talks
9398:
9397:
9390:Fadlallah al-Haji
9345:Bouthaina Shaaban
9128:
9127:
9124:
9123:
9120:
9119:
9015:
9014:
8946:Al-Sanadid Forces
8941:Anti-Terror Units
8878:
8877:
8711:
8710:
8626:Syrian Resistance
8582:Politics of Syria
8554:
8553:
8550:
8549:
8546:
8545:
8321:Al-Sukhnah attack
8282:Jarqli airstrikes
8164:COVID-19 pandemic
8120:November bombings
7938:Battle of Khasham
7884:Mayadin offensive
7869:Battle of Harasta
7739:Palmyra offensive
7423:Al-Hawl offensive
7383:Qamishli bombings
7181:Latakia Offensive
7139:Battle of Markada
6952:Battle of Darayya
6928:Battle of Darayya
6852:Battle of Tremseh
6671:Syrian Revolution
6604:Islamist uprising
6556:
6555:
6552:
6551:
6411:Syrian revolution
6354:Cities and towns
6237:National Archives
6223:Stephanie Grisham
6156:. 8 August 2019.
5916:. 7 August 2019.
5744:. 9 August 2019.
5652:turkeyanalyst.org
5419:on 9 October 2019
5273:on 8 October 2019
4161:on 9 October 2019
3650:Stars and Stripes
3465:on 27 August 2019
2776:. 6 August 2019.
2716:. 5 August 2019.
2686:. 6 August 2019.
2532:Middle East Forum
2477:on 25 August 2019
1956:Syrian opposition
1797:international law
1789:Syrian Government
1741:international law
1619:Syrian Government
1577:Syrian Government
1403:Syrian Government
1377:Turkish Air Force
1157:and one from the
1050:would take place.
849:an SDF insurgency
832:in armed conflict
759:Syrian government
757:, Turkey and the
744:Turkish offensive
720:military councils
673:
672:
423:
422:
276:
199:
198:
10181:
10144:Syrian Kurdistan
10114:Syrian civil war
10054:Northern Kurdish
9947:
9946:
9923:
9922:
9798:
9797:
9779:
9772:
9765:
9756:
9755:
9742:
9741:
9516:Humanitarian aid
9496:Chemical weapons
9491:Cities and towns
9415:
9414:
9404:
9403:
9360:Fadwa Souleimane
9350:Abdulbaset Sieda
9330:Ibrahim Qashoush
9320:Ali Habib Mahmud
9230:Hamza al-Khateeb
9225:Kamal al-Labwani
9215:Haitham al-Maleh
9210:Suheil al-Hassan
9148:Ammar Abdulhamid
9134:
9133:
9107:Malhama Tactical
9092:Caucasus Emirate
9026:
9025:
8891:
8890:
8797:Free Syrian Army
8722:
8721:
8578:
8577:
8571:
8570:
8560:
8559:
8353:
8352:
8310:
8256:
8202:
8184:Ayn Issa clashes
8153:
8041:
7914:
7839:Central campaign
7734:Qaboun offensive
7680:
7657:Battle of al-Bab
7580:Manbij offensive
7461:
7303:
7166:Al-Otaiba ambush
7119:
6990:Battle of Safira
6975:
6945:Halfaya massacre
6896:Darayya massacre
6879:Siege of Base 46
6874:Battle of Anadan
6869:Battle of Aleppo
6805:Battle of Rastan
6781:
6753:Battle of Rastan
6721:Siege of Latakia
6686:Siege of Baniyas
6652:
6609:Latakia protests
6575:
6574:
6562:
6561:
6314:Syrian civil war
6294:
6293:
6283:
6282:
6275:Syrian civil war
6268:
6261:
6254:
6245:
6244:
6240:
6209:
6208:
6206:
6204:
6176:
6170:
6169:
6167:
6165:
6146:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6135:
6116:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6105:
6086:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6075:
6064:The Defense Post
6056:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6045:
6036:. Archived from
6026:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6015:
5996:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5985:
5966:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5955:
5936:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5925:
5906:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5895:
5876:
5870:
5869:
5867:
5865:
5850:
5844:
5843:
5841:
5839:
5820:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5809:
5790:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5779:
5764:
5758:
5757:
5755:
5753:
5734:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5704:
5698:
5697:
5695:
5693:
5674:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5663:
5644:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5633:
5614:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5603:
5584:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5573:
5554:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5543:
5524:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5498:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5484:
5465:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5454:
5435:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5405:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5394:
5375:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5364:
5345:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5320:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5289:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5263:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5252:
5233:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5222:
5202:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5172:
5166:
5165:
5155:
5148:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5122:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5092:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5081:
5070:@realDonaldTrump
5062:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5036:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5025:
5009:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4987:Business Insider
4978:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4939:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4909:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4879:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4849:
4843:
4842:
4836:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4774:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4748:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4734:
4725:. October 2019.
4715:
4709:
4708:
4702:
4700:
4684:
4678:
4677:
4671:
4669:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4640:
4638:
4622:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4531:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4511:. Archived from
4501:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4464:
4445:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4434:
4414:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4384:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4354:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4328:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4268:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4238:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4177:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4120:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4100:. Archived from
4090:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4076:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3974:
3968:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3793:ekathimerini.com
3785:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3652:. Archived from
3642:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3543:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3154:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2973:The Defense Post
2965:
2959:
2958:
2952:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2799:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2473:. Archived from
2463:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2225:. 24 July 2019.
2223:The Defense Post
2215:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2195:. 16 July 2019.
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2141:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2109:
2092:
2077:
2071:
2067:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2034:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2014:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1815:Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu
1809:
1807:
1806:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1728:ethnic cleansing
1418:ethnic cleansing
1324:Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu
1216:military council
804:Syrian civil war
779:Syrian Civil War
722:and enforced by
718:(SDF) and their
693:Syrian civil war
665:
658:
651:
608:
584:
574:
567:
537:
468:Humanitarian aid
432:Primary concerns
272:
236:
235:
225:
208:Syrian civil war
201:
200:
194:Syrian civil war
171:
169:
168:
158:
156:
155:
145:
144:
143:
87:Site information
61:
52:
36:
35:
10189:
10188:
10184:
10183:
10182:
10180:
10179:
10178:
10104:
10103:
10102:
10097:
10080:
9934:
9910:
9789:
9783:
9753:
9748:
9722:
9671:
9655:
9560:
9474:
9409:
9394:
9375:Razan Zaitouneh
9280:Burhan Ghalioun
9255:Ammar al-Qurabi
9163:al-Assad family
9153:Ali al-Abdallah
9139:
9116:
9102:Junud al-Makhdi
9097:Ajnad al-Kavkaz
9067:
9011:
8975:
8917:
8895:DFNS Government
8885:
8874:
8850:US intervention
8842:Foreign support
8836:
8780:
8707:
8669:Liwa Fatemiyoun
8651:Foreign support
8645:
8636:al-Quds Brigade
8609:
8565:
8542:
8525:
8466:
8447:Battle of Sidon
8427:
8409:
8380:
8340:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8050:
8046:
8042:
8037:
8032:
7923:
7919:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7809:Battle of Raqqa
7764:Battle of Tabqa
7689:
7685:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7637:Dabiq offensive
7585:Tokhar massacre
7470:
7466:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7393:Kobanî massacre
7353:Idlib Offensive
7348:Battle of Bosra
7308:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7250:Siege of Kobanî
7206:Battle of Arsal
7171:Idlib offensive
7151:Battle of Morek
7124:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7017:Daraa offensive
6980:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6918:Battle of Harem
6790:
6786:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6741:Battle of Douma
6661:
6657:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6614:Damascus Spring
6569:
6548:
6527:
6523:U.S. task force
6518:Rojava conflict
6456:
6435:
6399:
6368:
6288:
6277:
6272:
6218:
6213:
6212:
6202:
6200:
6177:
6173:
6163:
6161:
6148:
6147:
6143:
6133:
6131:
6118:
6117:
6113:
6103:
6101:
6088:
6087:
6083:
6073:
6071:
6058:
6057:
6053:
6043:
6041:
6028:
6027:
6023:
6013:
6011:
6004:Iran Front Page
5998:
5997:
5993:
5983:
5981:
5968:
5967:
5963:
5953:
5951:
5938:
5937:
5933:
5923:
5921:
5908:
5907:
5903:
5893:
5891:
5878:
5877:
5873:
5863:
5861:
5852:
5851:
5847:
5837:
5835:
5822:
5821:
5817:
5807:
5805:
5792:
5791:
5787:
5777:
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1520:Turkish economy
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7235:Hama Offensive
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7176:Battle of Hosn
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6940:Hama offensive
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6681:Siege of Daraa
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6619:Qamishli riots
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6297:Main overviews
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6232:whitehouse.gov
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6216:External links
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6124:news.yahoo.com
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5298:@RojavaNetwork
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5211:@RojavaNetwork
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4571:(in Turkish).
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3405:(in Turkish).
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3315:. Al Jazeera.
3304:
3287:Muraselon News
3274:
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3142:
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3082:
3051:
3034:@RojavaNetwork
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3005:(in Turkish).
2990:
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2805:. Al Jazeera.
2791:
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2671:
2654:Foreign Policy
2640:
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2593:Military Times
2580:
2563:Military Times
2549:
2518:
2488:
2458:
2441:Foreign Policy
2427:
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2379:Foreign Policy
2365:
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2240:
2210:
2180:
2149:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2097:
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2019:
2008:
2007:
2005:
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1995:
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1968:
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1945:
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1895:
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1868:Vladimir Putin
1841:
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1764:
1755:Main article:
1752:
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1736:Jerusalem Post
1638:
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1599:Main article:
1596:
1593:
1581:Masoud Barzani
1561:
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1527:Lindsey Graham
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1405:-held city of
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1245:European Union
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1139:combined joint
1094:14 August 2019
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685:Peace Corridor
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501:Control of oil
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10119:2019 in Syria
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9899:Kurdish Front
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9566:Peace process
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9370:Yaser Tabbara
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9335:Dawoud Rajiha
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9290:Ghassan Hitto
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9260:Suheir Atassi
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9240:Fida al-Sayed
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9195:Riad al-Asaad
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9183:Rami Makhlouf
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9030:Islamic State
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8807:Army of Glory
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8238:Daraa clashes
8236:
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8169:Afrin bombing
8167:
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8147:
8141:
8140:US airstrikes
8138:
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8095:June bombings
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7161:Maan massacre
7159:
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7076:Adra massacre
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6711:Siege of Homs
6709:
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6706:Siege of Hama
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6339:Belligerents
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2013:
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1873:Sergey Lavrov
1869:
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1838:United States
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1540:and northern
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864:United States
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160:United States
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133:Built by
131:
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55:
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37:
34:
30:
26:
22:
9959:Demographics
9820:Human rights
9810:Constitution
9640:
9626:Vienna talks
9300:Randa Kassis
9275:Farid Ghadry
9250:Khaled Khoja
9245:Riad al-Turk
9053:Liwa al-Aqsa
8923:SDF militias
8865:Saudi Arabia
8691:Wagner Group
8564:Belligerents
8346:
8307:
8253:
8199:
8150:
8115:Barisha raid
8038:
7911:
7677:
7458:
7300:
7116:
6972:
6778:
6649:
6579:
6230:
6201:. Retrieved
6185:The Guardian
6184:
6174:
6162:. Retrieved
6153:
6144:
6132:. Retrieved
6123:
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6093:
6084:
6072:. Retrieved
6063:
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6042:. Retrieved
6038:the original
6033:
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6003:
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5973:
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5943:
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5913:
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5848:
5836:. Retrieved
5828:The Guardian
5827:
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5762:
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5741:
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5711:
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5681:
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5600:. Retrieved
5591:
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5566:the original
5561:
5552:
5540:. Retrieved
5531:
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5510:. Retrieved
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5417:the original
5412:
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5383:The National
5382:
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5352:
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5271:the original
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5120:
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5069:
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5034:
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5007:
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4986:
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4948:The Guardian
4947:
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4925:. Retrieved
4916:
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4886:
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4865:. Retrieved
4856:
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4821:. Retrieved
4812:
4802:
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4781:
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4760:. Retrieved
4731:. Retrieved
4723:gulfnews.com
4722:
4713:
4703:– via
4699:24 September
4697:. Retrieved
4682:
4672:– via
4668:24 September
4666:. Retrieved
4651:
4641:– via
4637:24 September
4635:. Retrieved
4620:
4610:24 September
4608:. Retrieved
4600:@TRTWorldNow
4599:
4589:
4579:24 September
4577:. Retrieved
4568:
4559:
4549:24 September
4547:. Retrieved
4539:china.org.cn
4538:
4529:
4519:24 September
4517:. Retrieved
4513:the original
4508:
4499:
4489:24 September
4487:. Retrieved
4473:
4463:19 September
4461:. Retrieved
4452:
4443:
4433:19 September
4431:. Retrieved
4422:
4412:
4402:19 September
4400:. Retrieved
4396:the original
4391:
4382:
4372:19 September
4370:. Retrieved
4361:
4352:
4342:19 September
4340:. Retrieved
4336:the original
4326:
4316:19 September
4314:. Retrieved
4305:
4296:
4286:13 September
4284:. Retrieved
4275:
4266:
4256:13 September
4254:. Retrieved
4245:
4236:
4226:13 September
4224:. Retrieved
4215:
4206:
4196:13 September
4194:. Retrieved
4185:
4175:
4165:13 September
4163:. Retrieved
4159:the original
4149:
4137:. Retrieved
4129:@kasimileri_
4128:
4118:
4106:. Retrieved
4102:the original
4097:
4073:. Retrieved
4064:
4054:
4042:. Retrieved
4028:
4016:. Retrieved
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