47:
85:
59:
649:). Taxation proved very difficult in the protectorate for the first years of British rule. Lugard's attempts to institute poll taxes were foiled by the Emirates, the need to introduce coin controversy and attempts to tax trade were opposed by powerful merchants. This created a substantial deficit in the budget of the Protectorate and public works projects had to be paid by grants from the British Empire. As a result, the British often had significant shortages of British personnel before 1907. These pragmatic concerns resulted in incorporation of the traditional authorities within the British structure.
435:
509:
396:
894:
3048:
410:
3058:
592:
dispatched a mixed force of 300 Sokoto cavalry and infantry led by Mallam Isa to join them. The combined force successfully suppressed the rebellion, which marked the last major instance of armed resistance to
British rule in the region. After 1907 there were fewer revolts and use of military force
664:
began in 1914 and had two lieutenant governors with one responsible for the area of the southern province and another responsible for the northern province. The administration in the north remained largely separate and included and deepened the use of native authorities. These divisions have been
543:
On 1 January 1900, the Royal Niger
Company's charter was revoked and the British government took control, in a ceremony where Lugard read the proclamation. The Royal Niger Company was paid Β£865,000 and was given the rights to half of all mining revenue in a large part of the areas for 99 years in
660:, and Northern Nigeria. The disparities between the protectorates was to be corrected by creating a central administration in Lagos, with custom revenues from the south paying for the projects in the north. The unified
621:
was appointed high commissioner. In 1912, it was estimated that the area of
Northern Nigeria was approximately 660,000 square kilometres (255,000 sq mi) and had a population of about 10 million people.
1071:
1051:
1056:
1081:
1076:
1061:
1046:
873:
1066:
3035:
1041:
3722:
903:
4047:
2846:
528:
as the vice governor. The
Company moved in-land and negotiated trade agreements and political agreements, sometimes coercive, with several local chieftains. In 1897,
84:
544:
exchange for ceding the territory to the
British government. Lord Lugard was appointed the High Commissioner of the newly created Northern Nigeria Protectorate.
4072:
1251:
46:
4087:
1217:
1705:
4067:
975:
965:
4082:
4052:
2419:
3013:
Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of
Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the
3998:
3727:
2578:
837:
58:
3006:
2989:
2867:
2458:
4077:
2148:
2142:
1244:
3794:
2204:
1210:
626:
became the acting Head
Commissioner in 1911 and 1912 and began overseeing, with close collaboration with Lugard, the creation of the
3094:
940:
633:
One defining characteristic of administration in
Northern Nigeria Protectorate was the inclusion of chiefs and emirsβincluding the
4092:
3344:
4102:
3839:
3799:
3508:
2052:
4097:
2413:
1237:
3657:
3739:
3503:
2751:
2361:
1587:
1203:
945:
552:
became the headquarters for the protectorate in 1902 because it was the most northerly city accessible by river transport.
3476:
3329:
2691:
1473:
1358:
3246:
2409:
661:
627:
497:
255:
3970:
3717:
3491:
3364:
3107:
2571:
1764:
585:
652:
These same financial and administrative challenges resulted in discussions led by Lugard for the unification of the
485:, who suppressed slavery and tribal raiding and created a system of administration built around native authorities.
3396:
3271:
2444:
2431:
2660:
2391:
1229:
980:
3845:
3241:
2954:
2482:
2096:
1990:
1807:
1491:
910:
560:
Military operations began in 1902 and continued for about five years of sporadic fighting. The remnants of the
473:
The protectorate spanned 660,000 square kilometres (255,000 sq mi) and included the emirates of the
3823:
3682:
3662:
3611:
3449:
3359:
3339:
3261:
2764:
2528:
2279:
1720:. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.
1617:
657:
489:
307:
4042:
3744:
3707:
3671:
3486:
3471:
3454:
3427:
3231:
3087:
2564:
2014:
1938:
1914:
1908:
1265:
520:
of 1884 and 1885 provided the area that would become the
Northern Nigeria Protectorate to the British. The
166:
3850:
3774:
3635:
3578:
3349:
3324:
2981:
2647:
1497:
882:
533:
3924:
3588:
3374:
2719:
2496:
2470:
2367:
2136:
364:
4062:
4057:
4037:
3855:
3677:
3525:
3513:
3334:
3010:; Ascension Island (1922β) and Tristan da Cunha (1938β) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.
2653:
2609:
2331:
2042:
1717:
1687:
1445:
893:
637:βas "native authorities" fitting into British administration (cf. the similar practice with chiefs,
3532:
3293:
3281:
3236:
2834:
2542:
2489:
2397:
2355:
2319:
2273:
1888:
1537:
1479:
985:
970:
955:
680:
20:
609:
became the new High
Commissioner. Girouard had a long history of rail construction in Canada and
3944:
3889:
3784:
3769:
3697:
3667:
3606:
3568:
3459:
3439:
3422:
3288:
3266:
3080:
3051:
2883:
2758:
2726:
2707:
2373:
2325:
2267:
1976:
1920:
1296:
960:
691:
593:
by the British and the focus of the High Commissioner turned toward taxation and administration.
3732:
3563:
3558:
3464:
2522:
2503:
2379:
2343:
2115:
2103:
2002:
1882:
1870:
1758:
1713:
1701:
1332:
718:
623:
291:
3879:
3687:
3652:
3573:
3481:
3061:
2667:
1822:
1599:
1581:
1390:
1321:
862:
589:
569:
525:
3754:
3712:
3621:
3601:
3520:
3444:
3307:
2972:
2790:
2703:
2637:
2615:
2516:
2476:
2385:
2349:
2287:
2212:
1900:
1635:
1629:
1623:
734:
573:
463:
428:
8:
3929:
3909:
3779:
3759:
3647:
3410:
3391:
2451:
2254:
2161:
2109:
1996:
1984:
1964:
1952:
1864:
1655:
1567:
686:
674:
618:
521:
91:
738:
3963:
3939:
3871:
3789:
3764:
3616:
3546:
3434:
3276:
3181:
3115:
2697:
2679:
2619:
2510:
2236:
2198:
2174:
2155:
2046:
1593:
1519:
1485:
1384:
1364:
1290:
1139:
785:
750:
614:
279:
3933:
3904:
3884:
3835:
3749:
3702:
3583:
3057:
2643:
2261:
2226:
1958:
1846:
1794:
1788:
1772:
1611:
1605:
1555:
1525:
1455:
613:
and was tasked with substantial railroad construction in the Protectorate. In 1909,
588:
were dispatched to suppress the rebellion; upon hearing news of what had transpired,
517:
235:
76:
3979:
3919:
3914:
3894:
3809:
3804:
3692:
3251:
3208:
3146:
3014:
2947:
2939:
2931:
2859:
2770:
2738:
2625:
2425:
2337:
2122:
1648:
1641:
1543:
1428:
1373:
925:
818:
742:
602:
565:
529:
482:
474:
401:
181:
126:
1259:
3899:
3496:
3319:
3171:
3141:
2967:
2744:
2673:
2464:
2403:
2242:
1926:
1828:
1531:
1159:
1099:
508:
488:
The Protectorate was ended on 1 January 1914, when its area was unified with the
162:
147:
139:
135:
466:
which lasted from 1900 until 1914, and covered the northern part of what is now
3984:
3593:
3166:
3156:
2852:
2840:
2685:
2301:
2230:
2219:
2008:
1970:
1876:
1840:
1834:
1800:
1338:
1261:
915:
606:
605:
as the first High Commissioner. In 1907, Lugard left Nigeria for Hong Kong and
455:
357:
267:
200:
131:
106:
822:
4031:
4013:
4000:
3213:
3176:
2893:
2713:
1894:
1778:
1189:
1169:
1144:
1013:
646:
634:
537:
143:
3151:
2923:
2631:
2192:
2186:
2167:
1932:
1667:
1574:
1513:
1507:
1179:
1174:
1129:
1124:
1104:
1003:
935:
930:
653:
561:
493:
478:
415:
3384:
3379:
3369:
3354:
3040:
2536:
2437:
2248:
1852:
1752:
1467:
1461:
1164:
1154:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1018:
481:, conquered in 1902. The first High Commissioner of the protectorate was
3161:
2313:
2294:
2037:
1816:
1435:
1352:
1184:
1149:
1134:
754:
212:
3218:
2959:
1812:
1561:
1345:
920:
746:
722:
3072:
2887:
2802:
2081:
2033:
1782:
1709:
1695:
1691:
1661:
1449:
809:
Newbury, Colin (2004). "Accounting for Power in Northern Nigeria".
642:
224:
3196:
3103:
2796:
2129:
2089:
1682:
1439:
1398:
1023:
549:
540:
resistance and possible French incursions in the northwest area.
467:
116:
3186:
2806:
2181:
1946:
1724:
1326:
1008:
610:
581:
545:
3191:
2307:
2029:
1501:
577:
158:
3201:
1858:
638:
2912:
2045:. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the
772:. No. 36060. London. 8 February 1900. p. 7.
4048:
Former British colonies and protectorates in Africa
784:
512:1911 map of the protectorate showing its provinces
4029:
665:found to persist in many respects to this day.
3123:
4073:States and territories disestablished in 1914
3088:
2572:
1245:
1211:
4088:1914 disestablishments in the British Empire
3007:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
2990:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
2868:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
4068:States and territories established in 1900
3095:
3081:
2579:
2565:
1252:
1238:
1218:
1204:
791:. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press. p. 46.
584:in the village of Satiru. Elements of the
83:
4083:1900 establishments in the British Empire
804:
802:
800:
798:
4053:Former Nigerian administrative divisions
3818:
2051:Legitimacy of territorial establishment
768:"The Transfer of Nigeria to the Crown".
713:
711:
709:
707:
580:rebellion broke out outside the city of
507:
496:, becoming the Northern Province of the
838:"State and local governance in Nigeria"
808:
4030:
3036:Historical flags of the British Empire
3020:Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985
795:
782:
717:
601:The British Administration began with
16:British protectorate from 1900 to 1914
3076:
2911:
2823:
2560:
2069:
1741:
1416:
1309:
1233:
863:The British Empire β Northern Nigeria
829:
776:
704:
3102:
555:
2847:Saint Andrew and Providence Islands
1690:. British Cameroons is now part of
13:
3840:Herderβfarmer conflicts in Nigeria
1706:unilaterally declared independence
1401:1708β1757, 1763β1782 and 1798β1802
835:
662:Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria
628:Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria
498:Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria
14:
4114:
4078:1914 disestablishments in Nigeria
2913:Antarctica and the South Atlantic
2892:Occupied by Argentina during the
2824:
2070:
856:
596:
586:Royal West African Frontier Force
3056:
3047:
3046:
2459:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1042:Pacification of Northern Nigeria
892:
787:Historical Dictionary of Nigeria
572:. Fighting continued in 1904 in
433:
408:
394:
57:
45:
564:were conquered in 1902 and the
548:was the capital from 1900, but
536:which was tasked with stopping
4093:British colonisation in Africa
2955:Australian Antarctic Territory
1811:since 1965 (before as part of
1808:British Indian Ocean Territory
1694:, while Tanganyika is part of
1325:since 1960 (before as part of
811:The Journal of African History
761:
532:was the appointed head of the
1:
4103:Northern Nigeria Protectorate
3836:Communal conflicts in Nigeria
3795:Sustainable Development Goals
697:
658:Southern Nigeria Protectorate
503:
490:Southern Nigeria Protectorate
308:Frederick John Dealtry Lugard
31:Northern Nigeria Protectorate
4098:Former British protectorates
1266:British Overseas Territories
167:African traditional religion
7:
3800:Water supply and sanitation
2982:British Antarctic Territory
2692:Western Pacific Territories
2586:
668:
534:West African Frontier Force
10:
4119:
2720:Gilbert and Ellice Islands
2137:British Arctic Territories
1417:
1310:
365:British West African pound
18:
3957:
3870:
3740:Female genital mutilation
3643:
3634:
3554:
3545:
3450:Federal Executive Council
3418:
3409:
3315:
3306:
3227:
3114:
3031:
3000:
2960:Commonwealth of Australia
2918:
2907:
2878:
2830:
2819:
2785:
2592:
2556:
2362:Newfoundland and Labrador
2076:
2065:
2043:League of Nations mandate
2024:
1748:
1737:
1718:Lancaster House Agreement
1688:League of Nations mandate
1677:
1423:
1412:
1316:
1305:
1272:
823:10.1017/s0021853704009466
373:
353:
349:
339:
329:
325:
317:
313:
300:
285:
273:
261:
249:
245:
234:
230:
218:
206:
194:
190:
180:
172:
154:
122:
112:
101:
82:
71:
41:
36:
29:
3492:House of Representatives
3423:Administrative divisions
2490:Turks and Caicos Islands
1797:(protectorate) 1907β1949
1742:
1369:(integrated into the UK)
727:The Geographical Journal
681:Northern Nigeria Gazette
568:and was defeated in the
524:was formed in 1886 with
477:and parts of the former
21:Northern Region, Nigeria
2773:1919β1942 and 1945β1968
2598:18th and 19th centuries
2414:Queen Charlotte Islands
2374:North-Western Territory
2346:1665β1674 and 1702β1776
1949:1781β1784 and 1795β1819
1614:1923β1965 and 1979β1980
1297:Commonwealth of Nations
719:Temple, Charles Lindsay
176:Constitutional monarchy
3733:Oodua Peoples Congress
2523:West Indies Federation
1712:) and continued as an
1295:Current member of the
783:Falola, Toyin (2009).
624:Charles Lindsay Temple
617:, the governor of the
513:
341:β’ Disestablished
292:Charles Lindsay Temple
280:Sir Henry Hesketh Bell
89:Northern Nigeria (red)
3851:Niger Delta conflicts
3397:Wildlife conservation
3272:Military dictatorship
2445:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1716:state until the 1979
1322:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
921:Kwararafa Confederacy
590:Muhammadu Attahiru II
526:George Taubman Goldie
511:
123:Common languages
105:Protectorate of
3345:Environmental issues
2973:Realm of New Zealand
2971:(transferred to the
2958:(transferred to the
2791:Realm of New Zealand
2392:Prince Edward Island
2270:1671β1816, 1833β1960
464:British protectorate
429:Nigeria Protectorate
256:Sir Frederick Lugard
4043:British West Africa
4010: /
3846:Islamist insurgency
3004:Since 2009 part of
2896:of AprilβJune 1982.
2483:Trinidad and Tobago
2097:Antigua and Barbuda
1997:Straits Settlements
951:Protectorate Period
739:1912GeogJ..40..149T
692:Sir Richmond Palmer
687:Scramble for Africa
675:British West Africa
619:Uganda Protectorate
522:Royal Niger Company
331:β’ Established
92:British possessions
3683:Child sexual abuse
3663:Capital punishment
3612:Telecommunications
2156:Cape Breton Island
2047:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
1889:Unfederated States
1704:Southern Rhodesia
1291:Commonwealth realm
723:"Northern Nigeria"
615:Henry Hesketh Bell
514:
268:Sir Percy Girouard
4014:9.8000Β°N 6.1500Β°E
3993:
3992:
3953:
3952:
3905:List of Nigerians
3866:
3865:
3745:Gender inequality
3708:Domestic violence
3672:Girl child labour
3630:
3629:
3541:
3540:
3504:Political parties
3487:National Assembly
3472:Human trafficking
3455:Foreign relations
3405:
3404:
3302:
3301:
3070:
3069:
3027:
3026:
2903:
2902:
2835:Providence Island
2815:
2814:
2780:
2779:
2648:Western Australia
2616:Van Diemen's Land
2552:
2551:
2529:Associated States
2227:Columbia District
2061:
2060:
1915:Manila and Cavite
1733:
1732:
1612:Southern Rhodesia
1606:South-West Africa
1556:Northern Rhodesia
1468:Cape of Good Hope
1408:
1407:
1285:Current territory
1228:
1227:
556:Military campaign
518:Berlin Conference
460:Arewacin Najeriya
449:
448:
445:
444:
441:
440:
421:
420:
369:
362:
302:β’ 1912β1914
296:
287:β’ 1911-1912
275:β’ 1909β1911
263:β’ 1907β1909
251:β’ 1900β1906
236:High Commissioner
220:β’ 1910β1914
208:β’ 1901-1910
196:β’ 1900β1901
77:God Save the King
4110:
4063:1910s in Nigeria
4058:1900s in Nigeria
4038:Colonial Nigeria
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4003:
3973:
3966:
3816:
3815:
3641:
3640:
3597:
3579:Economic history
3552:
3551:
3416:
3415:
3313:
3312:
3262:Southern Nigeria
3257:Northern Nigeria
3252:Colonial Nigeria
3121:
3120:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3074:
3073:
3060:
3050:
3049:
3015:Antarctic Treaty
2976:
2963:
2948:Falkland Islands
2940:Tristan da Cunha
2932:Ascension Island
2909:
2908:
2860:Falkland Islands
2821:
2820:
2789:Now part of the
2661:Pitcairn Islands
2626:Auckland Islands
2595:
2594:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2558:
2557:
2543:Windward Islands
2497:Vancouver Island
2274:MassachusettsBay
2143:British Columbia
2067:
2066:
1883:Federated States
1739:
1738:
1649:Tristan da Cunha
1618:Southern Nigeria
1550:Northern Nigeria
1429:Ascension Island
1414:
1413:
1370:
1307:
1306:
1281:Former territory
1278:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1231:
1230:
1220:
1213:
1206:
896:
886:
885:Northern Nigeria
868:
867:
850:
849:
847:
845:
836:Barkan, Barkan.
833:
827:
826:
806:
793:
792:
790:
780:
774:
773:
765:
759:
758:
715:
603:Frederick Lugard
566:Sokoto Caliphate
530:Frederick Lugard
483:Frederick Lugard
475:Sokoto Caliphate
452:Northern Nigeria
437:
436:
425:
424:
412:
411:
402:Sokoto Caliphate
398:
397:
391:
390:
375:
374:
367:
360:
294:
161:, Christianity,
94:in Africa (pink)
87:
61:
49:
27:
26:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4028:
4027:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4009:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3989:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3949:
3925:Public holidays
3862:
3829:
3828:
3814:
3626:
3595:
3537:
3477:Law enforcement
3401:
3320:Adamawa Plateau
3298:
3294:Fourth Republic
3282:Second Republic
3223:
3135:
3134:
3110:
3101:
3071:
3066:
3023:
2996:
2970:
2968:Ross Dependency
2957:
2914:
2899:
2874:
2826:
2811:
2781:
2776:
2732:
2727:Solomon Islands
2674:North Australia
2654:South Australia
2610:New South Wales
2588:
2585:
2548:
2268:Leeward Islands
2072:
2057:
2020:
1927:Muscat and Oman
1744:
1729:
1673:
1419:
1404:
1368:
1312:
1301:
1276:
1268:
1258:
1224:
1195:
1194:
1095:
1087:
1086:
1037:
1029:
1028:
999:
991:
990:
946:Colonial Period
906:
884:
877:
859:
854:
853:
843:
841:
834:
830:
807:
796:
781:
777:
767:
766:
762:
747:10.2307/1778461
716:
705:
700:
671:
599:
558:
506:
434:
409:
395:
363:
342:
332:
303:
288:
276:
264:
252:
221:
209:
197:
163:Yoruba religion
130:
97:
95:
90:
67:
66:
65:
62:
54:
53:
50:
32:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4116:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4019:9.8000; 6.1500
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3975:
3974:
3967:
3959:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3876:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3848:
3843:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3678:Child marriage
3675:
3665:
3660:
3658:Baby factories
3655:
3650:
3644:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3607:Stock Exchange
3604:
3599:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3526:Vice-President
3518:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3372:
3367:
3365:National parks
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3335:Climate change
3332:
3327:
3322:
3316:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3289:Third Republic
3286:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3269:
3267:First Republic
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3167:Hausa kingdoms
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3100:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3077:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3054:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3018:
3011:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2986:
2978:
2965:
2952:
2944:
2936:
2928:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2890:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2864:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2841:Willoughbyland
2838:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2799:
2793:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2742:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2657:
2651:
2641:
2635:
2629:
2623:
2613:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2561:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2504:Virgin Islands
2500:
2494:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2471:South Carolina
2468:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2417:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2368:North Carolina
2365:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2302:Mosquito Coast
2299:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2271:
2265:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2231:Oregon Country
2224:
2220:Cayman Islands
2216:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2178:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2140:
2134:
2126:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2049:
2040:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2012:
2009:Trucial States
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1756:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1721:
1702:Self-governing
1699:
1685:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1474:Central Africa
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1443:
1433:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1388:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1362:
1359:Ionian Islands
1356:
1350:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1262:British Empire
1257:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1234:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1067:Historiography
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1024:Igbirra People
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1000:
997:
996:
993:
992:
989:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
907:
902:
901:
898:
897:
889:
888:
879:
878:
871:
866:
865:
858:
857:External links
855:
852:
851:
828:
817:(2): 257β277.
794:
775:
760:
733:(2): 149β163.
702:
701:
699:
696:
695:
694:
689:
684:
677:
670:
667:
607:Percy Girouard
598:
597:Administration
595:
570:Battle of Kano
557:
554:
505:
502:
447:
446:
443:
442:
439:
438:
431:
422:
419:
418:
413:
405:
404:
399:
387:
386:
381:
371:
370:
358:Pound sterling
355:
351:
350:
347:
346:
345:1 January 1914
343:
340:
337:
336:
335:1 January 1900
333:
330:
327:
326:
323:
322:
319:
315:
314:
311:
310:
304:
301:
298:
297:
289:
286:
283:
282:
277:
274:
271:
270:
265:
262:
259:
258:
253:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
239:
232:
231:
228:
227:
222:
219:
216:
215:
210:
207:
204:
203:
198:
195:
192:
191:
188:
187:
184:
178:
177:
174:
170:
169:
156:
152:
151:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
107:British Empire
103:
99:
98:
88:
80:
79:
69:
68:
63:
56:
55:
51:
44:
43:
42:
39:
38:
34:
33:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4115:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4026:
4023:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3857:
3856:2016 conflict
3854:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3718:Ethnic groups
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3534:
3533:Supreme Court
3531:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3237:Early history
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3098:
3093:
3091:
3086:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3053:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2910:
2906:
2895:
2894:Falklands War
2891:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2825:South America
2822:
2818:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2714:Union Islands
2712:
2709:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2582:
2577:
2575:
2570:
2568:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2426:Rupert's Land
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2386:Paulet affair
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2332:New Hampshire
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2320:New Brunswick
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2071:North America
2068:
2064:
2054:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1991:South Vietnam
1989:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1740:
1736:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1415:
1411:
1400:
1397:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1014:Kanuri People
1012:
1010:
1009:Fulani People
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
995:
994:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
926:Sokoto Period
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
908:
905:
900:
899:
895:
891:
890:
887:
881:
880:
875:
870:
869:
864:
861:
860:
839:
832:
824:
820:
816:
812:
805:
803:
801:
799:
789:
788:
779:
771:
764:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
714:
712:
710:
708:
703:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
682:
678:
676:
673:
672:
666:
663:
659:
655:
650:
648:
647:British India
644:
640:
636:
635:emir of Bornu
631:
629:
625:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
594:
591:
587:
583:
579:
576:. In 1906, a
575:
571:
567:
563:
553:
551:
547:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
510:
501:
499:
495:
491:
486:
484:
480:
476:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
432:
430:
427:
426:
423:
417:
414:
407:
406:
403:
400:
393:
392:
389:
388:
385:
382:
380:
377:
376:
372:
366:
359:
356:
352:
348:
344:
338:
334:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
309:
305:
299:
293:
290:
284:
281:
278:
272:
269:
266:
260:
257:
254:
248:
244:
240:
237:
233:
229:
226:
223:
217:
214:
211:
205:
202:
199:
193:
189:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
168:
164:
160:
157:
153:
150:widely spoken
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
128:
125:
121:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
100:
93:
86:
81:
78:
74:
70:
60:
48:
40:
35:
28:
25:
22:
3995:
3945:Video gaming
3890:Coat of arms
3785:Social class
3770:Prostitution
3698:Demographics
3668:Child labour
3569:Central Bank
3460:Human rights
3440:Constitution
3256:
3005:
2988:
2980:
2946:
2938:
2930:
2924:Saint Helena
2922:
2866:
2858:
2708:Cook Islands
2659:
2632:New Hebrides
2601:20th century
2517:West Florida
2502:
2488:
2420:Rhode Island
2398:Pennsylvania
2356:Newfoundland
2293:
2218:
2168:East Florida
2139:16th c.β1880
2128:
2080:
1977:Crown Colony
1965:Pulo Condore
1939:Crown Colony
1933:North Borneo
1806:
1765:Protectorate
1714:unrecognised
1708:in 1965 (as
1647:
1600:South Africa
1588:Sierra Leone
1575:Saint Helena
1573:
1568:Orange River
1549:
1446:Bechuanaland
1427:
1385:Protectorate
1344:
1320:
1284:
1264:and Current
1052:Demographics
1004:Hausa People
998:By ethnicity
986:1999βpresent
950:
941:Pre-colonial
916:Hausa States
842:. Retrieved
840:. World Bank
831:
814:
810:
786:
778:
769:
763:
730:
726:
679:
654:Lagos Colony
651:
632:
600:
562:Bornu Empire
559:
542:
515:
494:Lagos Colony
487:
479:Bornu Empire
472:
459:
451:
450:
416:Bornu Empire
384:Succeeded by
383:
378:
72:
24:
4017: /
3564:Brain Drain
3559:Agriculture
3465:LGBT rights
3370:Niger Delta
3355:Jos Plateau
3242:before 1500
3152:Kanem-Bornu
3041:Anglosphere
2759:New Zealand
2668:New Zealand
2537:West Jersey
2452:Saint Lucia
2438:Saint Kitts
2432:Saint Croix
2412:1763β1791*
2380:Nova Scotia
2326:New England
2282:, 1691β1776
2249:East Jersey
2237:Connecticut
2116:Bay Islands
2003:Transjordan
1921:Mesopotamia
1759:Afghanistan
1753:Aden Colony
1538:Niger Coast
1504:) 1874β1957
1480:East Africa
1462:Cape Colony
1452:) 1884β1966
1442:) 1868β1966
1019:Nupe People
883:History of
379:Preceded by
4032:Categories
3910:Literature
3688:Corruption
3653:Censorship
3596:(currency)
3574:Corruption
3340:Ecoregions
2993:since 1908
2985:since 1908
2951:since 1833
2943:since 1816
2935:since 1815
2927:since 1658
2884:department
2871:since 1908
2863:since 1833
2664:since 1838
2644:Swan River
2638:Queensland
2525:1958β1962
2507:since 1666
2493:since 1799
2344:New Jersey
2314:New Albion
2298:since 1632
2295:Montserrat
2276:1629β1691
2223:since 1670
2145:1858β1866
2133:since 1619
2085:since 1650
2038:Bangladesh
1973:1841β1946
1935:1882β1963
1901:Federation
1879:1819β1826
1817:Seychelles
1761:1839β1842
1652:since 1816
1636:Tanganyika
1594:Somaliland
1582:Seychelles
1578:since 1658
1498:Gold Coast
1492:The Gambia
1436:Basutoland
1432:since 1815
1374:Free State
1367:1542β1800
1353:Heligoland
1349:since 1713
911:Prehistory
844:3 November
698:References
504:Foundation
213:Edward VII
173:Government
129:(official)
19:See also:
4005:6Β°09β²00β³E
4002:9Β°48β²00β³N
3824:Conflicts
3755:Languages
3713:Education
3622:Transport
3602:Petroleum
3521:President
3445:Elections
3360:Mountains
3308:Geography
3277:Civil War
3247:1500-1800
3219:Kwararafa
2977:1841β1947
2964:1841β1933
2855:1831β1966
2849:1670β1688
2843:1651β1667
2837:1631β1641
2767:1914β1962
2761:1907β1947
2754:1901β1942
2752:Australia
2747:1900β1974
2741:1900β1970
2729:1893β1978
2722:1892β1979
2716:1889β1948
2710:1888β1901
2704:Rarotonga
2700:1884β1902
2694:1877β1976
2688:1874β1970
2682:1851β1901
2676:1846β1847
2670:1841β1907
2656:1836β1901
2650:1829β1901
2640:1824β1901
2634:1824β1980
2628:1807β1863
2622:1803β1901
2612:1788β1901
2545:1833β1960
2539:1674β1702
2531:1967β1983
2519:1763β1783
2513:1607β1776
2499:1849β1866
2485:1889β1962
2479:1862β1863
2473:1712β1776
2467:1635β1644
2461:1627β1979
2454:1605β1979
2447:1882β1983
2440:1623β1983
2434:1625β1650
2428:1670β1870
2422:1636β1776
2416:1853β1863
2406:1620β1691
2400:1681β1776
2394:1763β1873
2382:1713β1867
2376:1859β1870
2370:1712β1776
2364:1583β1907
2358:1907β1949
2352:1664β1776
2340:1637β1662
2338:New Haven
2334:1680β1776
2328:1686β1689
2322:1784β1867
2310:1628β1983
2304:1655β1860
2290:1632β1776
2264:1655β1962
2257:1733β1776
2251:1674β1702
2245:1701β1776
2239:1636β1776
2233:1818β1846
2215:1663β1712
2207:1867β1931
2201:1841β1867
2195:1791β1841
2189:1791β1841
2177:1762β1974
2170:1763β1783
2164:1763β1978
2158:1754β1820
2149:1866β1871
2125:1871β1981
2118:1643β1860
2112:1624β1966
2106:1670β1973
2099:1860β1981
2092:1632β1860
2017:1898β1930
2011:1892β1971
2005:1921β1946
1999:1826β1946
1993:1945β1946
1987:1946β1963
1985:Singapore
1979:1946β1963
1967:1702β1705
1961:1786β1946
1955:1923β1948
1953:Palestine
1941:1946β1963
1929:1891β1971
1923:1920β1932
1917:1762β1764
1911:1796β1965
1903:1948β1957
1897:1946β1948
1891:1885β1946
1885:1895β1946
1873:1848β1946
1867:1918β1961
1861:1811β1816
1855:1858β1947
1849:1841β1997
1847:Hong Kong
1843:1878β1960
1837:1795β1948
1831:1888β1984
1825:1824β1948
1813:Mauritius
1803:1874β1963
1791:1757β1947
1785:1812β1824
1775:1685β1824
1773:Bencoolen
1767:1879β1919
1755:1839β1967
1670:1887β1897
1664:1890β1963
1658:1890β1962
1644:1900β1910
1642:Transvaal
1638:1922β1961
1632:1899β1956
1626:1893β1968
1624:Swaziland
1620:1900β1914
1608:1915β1931
1602:1910β1931
1596:1884β1960
1590:1792β1961
1584:1903β1976
1570:1900β1910
1564:1891β1964
1562:Nyasaland
1558:1924β1964
1552:1900β1914
1546:1914β1960
1540:1884β1900
1534:1856β1910
1528:1810β1968
1526:Mauritius
1522:1807β1808
1516:1862β1906
1510:1920β1963
1494:1816β1965
1488:1882β1922
1482:1895β1920
1476:1891β1907
1470:1806β1910
1464:1795β1803
1458:1919β1961
1456:Cameroons
1393:1813β1964
1387:1800β1813
1376:1921β1931
1361:1809β1864
1355:1807β1890
1346:Gibraltar
1341:1878β1960
1335:1794β1796
1289:*Current
1160:Nassarawa
1062:Economics
1057:Diplomacy
981:1993β1999
976:1983β1993
971:1979β1983
966:1966β1979
961:1963β1966
956:1953β1960
770:The Times
643:maharajas
368:(1913β14)
361:(1900β13)
238:/Governor
155:Religion
37:1900β1914
3980:Category
3930:Religion
3780:Refugees
3775:Protests
3760:Polygamy
3703:Diaspora
3648:Abortion
3482:Military
3428:Villages
3411:Politics
3392:Wildlife
3232:Timeline
3128:Kingdoms
3108:articles
3052:Category
2888:Colombia
2803:Kiribati
2680:Victoria
2620:Tasmania
2511:Virginia
2477:Stickeen
2465:Saybrook
2404:Plymouth
2350:New York
2288:Maryland
2280:Province
2243:Delaware
2213:Carolina
2205:Dominion
2199:Province
2162:Dominica
2110:Barbados
2082:Anguilla
2053:disputed
2034:Pakistan
1909:Maldives
1783:Billiton
1710:Rhodesia
1696:Tanzania
1692:Cameroon
1668:Zululand
1662:Zanzibar
1450:Botswana
1094:By state
1077:Military
1072:Medicine
1036:By topic
904:Timeline
874:a series
872:Part of
721:(1912).
669:See also
492:and the
462:) was a
354:Currency
225:George V
201:Victoria
3964:Outline
3940:Smoking
3895:Cuisine
3872:Culture
3790:Slavery
3765:Poverty
3636:Society
3617:Tourism
3547:Economy
3435:Cabinet
3350:Islands
3325:Borders
3182:Katsina
3131:Empires
3116:History
3104:Nigeria
3043:culture
2797:Vanuatu
2587:Oceania
2262:Jamaica
2255:Georgia
2175:Grenada
2130:Bermuda
2104:Bahamas
2090:Antigua
1971:Sarawak
1683:Namibia
1544:Nigeria
1520:Madeira
1440:Lesotho
1399:Minorca
1365:Ireland
1333:Corsica
1260:Former
1190:Zamfara
1170:Plateau
1140:Katsina
1100:Adamawa
1047:Culture
755:1778461
735:Bibcode
578:Mahdist
550:Zungeru
468:Nigeria
318:History
182:Monarch
127:English
117:Zungeru
113:Capital
73:Anthem:
3985:Portal
3934:Sharia
3885:Cinema
3880:Anthem
3750:Health
3723:MASSOB
3594:Naira
3589:Mining
3584:Energy
3497:Senate
3375:Rivers
3330:Cities
3209:Sokoto
3187:Zazzau
3106:
3062:Portal
2882:Now a
2853:Guiana
2807:Tuvalu
2410:Quebec
2182:Canada
2123:Belize
2015:Weihai
1959:Penang
1947:Padang
1877:Malaya
1871:Labuan
1865:Kuwait
1841:Cyprus
1835:Ceylon
1829:Brunei
1801:Borneo
1795:Bhutan
1789:Bengal
1725:Zambia
1656:Uganda
1418:Africa
1391:Colony
1381:Malta
1339:Cyprus
1327:Cyprus
1311:Europe
1277:Legend
1180:Taraba
1175:Sokoto
1130:Kaduna
1125:Jigawa
1105:Bauchi
876:on the
753:
656:, the
641:, and
611:Africa
582:Sokoto
546:Lokoja
538:Fulani
321:
295:acting
241:
186:
148:Kanuri
140:Yoruba
136:Arabic
102:Status
75:
52:Ensign
3971:Index
3920:Music
3915:Media
3810:Youth
3805:Women
3728:MOSOP
3693:Crime
3385:Benue
3380:Niger
3214:Kebbi
3197:Biram
3192:Gobir
3177:Daura
3147:Benin
2805:and *
2771:Nauru
2765:Samoa
2739:Tonga
2698:Papua
2308:Nevis
2193:Upper
2187:Lower
2030:India
1895:Union
1853:India
1823:Burma
1779:Banka
1630:Sudan
1532:Natal
1514:Lagos
1508:Kenya
1502:Ghana
1486:Egypt
1165:Niger
1155:Kwara
1145:Kebbi
1120:Gombe
1115:Borno
1110:Benue
1082:Women
936:Bornu
931:Kanem
751:JSTOR
639:rajas
574:Bassa
456:Hausa
159:Islam
132:Hausa
64:Badge
3900:Flag
3202:Rano
3172:Kano
2801:Now
2795:Now
2745:Niue
2686:Fiji
2388:1843
2316:1579
2036:and
2028:Now
1859:Java
1815:and
1781:and
1743:Asia
1723:Now
1681:Now
1185:Yobe
1150:Kogi
1135:Kano
846:2016
516:The
306:Sir
144:Fula
96:1913
3514:APC
3509:PDP
3162:Oyo
3157:Nri
3142:Aro
2886:of
819:doi
743:doi
645:in
4034::
2032:,
815:45
813:.
797:^
749:.
741:.
731:40
729:.
725:.
706:^
630:.
500:.
470:.
458::
165:,
146:,
142:,
138:,
134:,
3936:)
3932:(
3842:)
3838:(
3674:)
3670:(
3096:e
3089:t
3082:v
3017:.
2975:)
2962:)
2757:*
2750:*
2725:*
2706:/
2646:/
2618:/
2580:e
2573:t
2566:v
2457:*
2450:*
2443:*
2260:*
2229:/
2180:*
2173:*
2121:*
2102:*
2095:*
2088:*
1819:)
1698:.
1500:(
1448:(
1438:(
1329:)
1253:e
1246:t
1239:v
1219:e
1212:t
1205:v
848:.
825:.
821::
757:.
745::
737::
454:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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