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In 1941, Billing attempted to return to politics, seeking to replicate his success during the First World War as a critic of the conduct of the war. He advocated the defeat of
Germany by bombing alone, and the defence of Britain by a system of spaced light-beams directed upwards, which would confuse
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and then gradually increase rotational speed of the record as it played, so that the linear speed at which the recorded groove passed the needle remained constant. That allowed over ten minutes playing time per 12-inch side of the records, but the high cost of the long-playing discs (10 shillings
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It was in
Australia that he patented a recording system intended to produce laterally-cut disc records with ten times the capacity of existing systems. Billing's "World Record Controller" fitted onto a standard spring-wound gramophone, using a progressive gearing system to initially slow the
863:– was set against the backdrop of Billing's libel case, with several characters mentioning his ominous black book. The middle novel, in particular, deals with the psychiatric treatment of soldiers torn between patriotism and pacifism, and between homosexuality and heterosexuality.
745:, which he established in August 1925 for the purpose of broadcasting the company’s recordings. It was a limited "manufacturers' licence", a type which was only available during the first few years of wireless broadcasting in Australia. 3PB was only on the air for four months.
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Billing's victory in this case created significant popular publicity. He later indicated he had never believed such a book existed, but that the whole matter had been "to frighten off those in prominent positions whose sexual tastes could have led to them being
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The journal's most famous articles were largely written by
Spencer, but under Billing's name, in which it was claimed that the Germans were blackmailing "47,000 highly placed British perverts" to "propagate evils which all decent men thought had perished in
580:. In this black book of sin details were given of the unnatural defloration of children ... wives of men in supreme positions were entangled. In Lesbian ecstasy the most sacred secrets of the state were threatened." He publicly attacked
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A further musical invention, the "Duophone" unbreakable record, appeared in 1925, but was discontinued in 1930 as its material rapidly wore out needles and most
Duophone recordings were made by the obsolete acoustical process.
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should be created, appointed from representatives of trades and professions. He also argued that there should be a separate "Women's parliament" dedicated to "domestic" matters. He stood in four by-elections, most notably in
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After the war, he suffered increasingly from health problems, which contributed to his temporary retirement from politics in 1921. He dramatically resigned his seat in parliament, urging his constituents not to vote in the
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609:, a former lover of Oscar Wilde, testified in Billing's favour, as did Billing's mistress Eileen Villiers-Stuart. Villiers-Stuart claimed to have seen the "Black Book" and even asserted in court that the judge,
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During the First World War, he was notable for his support of air power, constantly accusing the government of neglecting the issue and advocating the creation of a separate air force, unattached to either the
478:, which emphasised the future role of raids on cities and the need to develop protective measures. His own eccentric quadraplane design for a home defence fighter, the heavily armed and searchlight-equipped "
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and its products, raising the question in typically exaggerated terms once he entered parliament. His prejudice against the
Factory and its products persisted, and was very influential. He called for
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Compass camera. In 1948, he devised the "Phantom" camera to be used by spies. It never entered production, but its rarity led one to sell for £120,000, a record price for any camera, in 2001.
532:, claiming "the British war effort was being undermined by the "hidden hand" of German sympathisers and German Jews operating in Britain". The journal included attacks on "Jews, German music,
690:. It was a sci-fi drama about pacifism set in a future 1940 (later changed to 1950), when a "United States of Europe" comes into conflict with the "Empire of the Atlantic States". In 1929,
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newspaper, had published an article by a
Captain Harold Spencer in January 1918 in which Spencer alleged he had seen a "black book" at the Castle of Prince William of Wied."
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He then created a
Vigilance Society to stand in the elections. The society was disbanded in 1919 as Billing became disillusioned with Spencer, Beamish and Clarke.
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Verbatim report of the trial of Noel
Pemberton Billing, M.P.: on a charge of criminal libel before Mr. Justice Darling at the Central Criminal Court, Old Bailey
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in Essex failed, so he started a short-lived career in property, while studying to become a lawyer. He passed his exams, but instead moved into selling
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organised by Ross, was a lesbian associate of the conspirators. This led to a sensational libel case, at which
Billing represented himself and won.
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and that action be taken to lessen the influence of
Germans in Britain. In asking awkward questions of the government he was usually supported by
2008:
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While air power was his main overarching concern Pemberton Billing's primary political campaign was for the establishment of a committee of nine
1624:
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The first recording made by World Record (Australia) was released in July 1925, and featured Bert Ralton’s Havana Band, then performing at the
564:. The contents of this book revealed that the Germans planned on "exterminating the manhood of Britain" by luring men into homosexuality and
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and suspended as an MP on 1 July 1918. Because Billing refused to leave the chamber even after the House had voted to suspend him, and the
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625:, claimed that the Maud Allan libel case was part of a plot by generals to stop Lloyd George from making an early peace with Germany.
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272:. Convinced of the potential of powered aviation, he founded a flying field with extensive facilities on reclaimed marshland at
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Billing ran away from home at the age of 13 and travelled to South Africa. After trying a number of occupations, he joined the
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made in November 1914. He was able to sell his share in the aviation firm to Scott-Paine in early 1916, who renamed the firm
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iron-founder, and Annie Emilia, née Claridge. He was educated at the high school at Hampstead, at Cumming's College, outside
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In 1923, Billing set up a disc recording plant under the name World Record (Australia) Limited. The plant was in Bay Street
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and £500, equivalent to more than £28,000 in 2010, which he used to found an aircraft business, Pemberton-Billing Ltd, with
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1948:
1576:, Duckworth Overlook, London and New York, 1997, 2nd ed., 2011. (concerning Pemberton Billing's trial for criminal libel).
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1953:
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apiece), the fact that the speed varied, and the complexity of the playback attachment, prevented popular acceptance.
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804:, arguing that general elections should be abolished in favour of a rolling programme of by-elections and that a new
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676:. However, he continued to remain active writing literary works and producing films. In 1927, Billing wrote a play,
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believing it was a "disease" which made all governments "corrupt". The name was explicitly in reference to the
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698:. It was released in two versions, one silent and the other an early "talkie", but neither proved successful.
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1464:"The camera was designed by Noel Pemberton Billing and manufactured by Le Coultre & Cie in Switzerland."
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in Essex in 1909, but this ambitious venture did not prosper, British aviation activity becoming centred at
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In parliament, Billing consistently advocated the creation of an air force, retaliation against German
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1928:
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1251:, London: Granada, 1977.; Jodie Medd, "'The Cult of the Clitoris': Anatomy of a National Scandal",
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825:; they had no children. Billing died on 11 November 1948 at the age of 67, aboard his motor-yacht,
810:
741:, from where he produced his 78 rpm to 33 rpm discs. The plant was also the base for radio station
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and with Billing refusing to sit down while "Germans are running about this country" Billing was
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and became a boxer. He was also an actor when he took the extra name Pemberton. He fought in the
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482:", was built in prototype but had insufficient performance to be of any use against Zeppelins.
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1245:
Oscar Wilde's Last Stand: Decadence, Conspiracy, and the Most Outrageous Trial of the Century
479:
307:
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In 1903, Billing married Lilian Maud (died 1923), daughter of Theodore Henry Schweitzer, of
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who would watch over the government in the House of Commons. He was highly critical of
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He published an article, "The Cult of the Clitoris", which implied that the actress
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Air War: How to Wage It, with some suggestions for the defence of the great cities
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961:, £500 in 1910 would have the equivalent purchasing power of over £28,000 in 2010.
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became assistant editor and the journal was increasingly left in Spencer's hands.
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had then asked him to leave, he was automatically suspended for the rest of that
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260:. This was successful, but he became more interested in aviation, which was then
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within 24 hours of first sitting in an aircraft. He won his bet, gaining
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Billing returned to Britain in 1903 and used his savings to open a garage in
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568:. "Even to loiter in the streets was not immune. Meretricious agents of the
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In 1917, after an altercation in parliament, Noel Pemberton Billing offered
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Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
1574:
Wilde's Last Stand: Scandal, Decadence and Conspiracy During the Great War
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560:". The names were said to be inscribed in the "Berlin Black Book" of the
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466:" of late 1915 and early 1916, he became particularly vocal against the
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The Impact of Labour 1920–1924: The Beginning of Modern British Politics
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1943:
1913:
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Michael Kettle "Salome's Last Veil: The Libel Case of the Century" 1977
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1214:"Noel Pemberton-Billing, a flamboyant right-wing MP and owner of the
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494:. The journal supported his parliamentary campaigns, also advocating
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MP a duel by boxing in public for charity, but Archer-Shee declined.
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Court Number One: The Old Bailey Trials that Defined Modern Britain,
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Gender and Warfare in the Twentieth Century: Textual Representations
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1435:"R v PEMBERTON BILLING: The Black Book Case | Julian Burnside"
533:
366:, but was not successful. He then contested and won the March 1916
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designs. Financial difficulties soon set in, but the onset of the
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for the company, which soon acquired premises at Oakbank Wharf in
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Independent members of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom
1510:"Billing, Noel Pemberton (1881–1948), aviator and self-publicist"
881:"Billing, Noel Pemberton (1881–1948), aviator and self-publicist"
822:
813:, but he was unable to win a seat in parliament at any of them.
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Female Intelligence: Women and Espionage in the First World War
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557:
490:
In late 1916, Billing founded and edited a weekly journal, The
116:
1396:"Magician or Mountebank: The Mercurial Noel Pemberton Billing"
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SUSPENSION OF MR. BILLING HC Deb 01 July 1918 vol 107 cc1410-2
800:
enemy bombers. Billing also proposed a post-war reform of the
1382:
Twentieth Century Maverick The Life of Noel Pemberton Billing
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Twentieth Century Maverick The Life of Noel Pemberton Billing
1291:
Twentieth Century Maverick The Life of Noel Pemberton Billing
1188:
Twentieth Century Maverick The Life of Noel Pemberton Billing
1097:
Twentieth Century Maverick The Life of Noel Pemberton Billing
1084:
Twentieth Century Maverick The Life of Noel Pemberton Billing
992:
Twentieth Century Maverick The Life of Noel Pemberton Billing
928:
Twentieth Century Maverick The Life of Noel Pemberton Billing
592:, who supported and introduced homosexual poets and writers.
1740:
705:, coming second. In 1938, he registered his protest against
1595:
Strategy Without Slide-Rule: British Air Strategy 1914–1939
1247:, Arcade Publishing, 1999, p.40; see also Kettle, Michael.
506:
in 1918 to reflect his campaign for a Vigilance Committee.
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Double Agents: Espionage, Literature, and Liminal Citizens
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Billing emigrated to Australia after the First World War.
169:(31 January 1881 – 11 November 1948), sometimes known as
1429:
1427:
1475:
The Churchill Coalition and Wartime Politics, 1940–1945
325:
and in October was granted a temporary commission as a
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British and American Anticommunism Before the Cold War
1660:"Noel Pemberton Billing And The Cult Of The Clitoris"
1424:
1163:
Lesbian Empire: Radical Crosswriting in the Twenties
1053:"Proceedings on the naming of a Member (para 21.50)"
1508:
879:
296:as works manager, in 1913. Billing registered the
2988:British military personnel of the Second Boer War
1249:Salome's Last Veil: The Libel Case of the Century
623:Salome's Last Veil: The Libel Case of the Century
173:, was a British aviator, inventor, publisher and
2983:Royal Naval Air Service personnel of World War I
2944:
836:
787:, Billing claimed to have invented an uncrewed
621:by German agents". Michael Kettle in his book,
1639:PortCities Southampton: Noel Pemberton-Billing
437:had been rendered "unwholesome and unfair" by
1726:
485:
474:against German cities. In 1917, he published
418:, he was one of the few candidates to beat a
217:, youngest son of Charles Eardley Billing, a
2878:Organisation for the Maintenance of Supplies
1519:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1007:, London, UK. John Murray Publisher. 435pp.
890:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
599:, then appearing in a private production of
16:British aviator, inventor, publisher, and MP
845:'s award-winning First World War trilogy –
204:
3008:Right-wing populists in the United Kingdom
1733:
1719:
1623:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1604:. East Grinstead: Manor House Books, 2004.
193:and its products. He was noted during the
189:, and held a strong antipathy towards the
31:
1874:British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women
1356:, Cambridge University Press, 2005, p.459
358:As a man of means, Billing contested the
345:after the company's telegraphic address.
201:views and for a sensational libel trial.
3028:Independent British political candidates
2426:Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington
1742:Far-right politics in the United Kingdom
1654:Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs
1567:Myths and Legends of the First World War
997:
970:
959:UK National Archive's currency converter
776:In 1936, Billing designed the miniature
763:
448:
2853:British National Party election results
1516:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1224:Noel Coward: A Biography of Noel Coward
887:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
664:viewpoints, and, in 1919, he supported
422:candidate and he doubled his majority.
2945:
2396:Edward Russell, 26th Baron de Clifford
2241:Hastings Russell, 12th Duke of Bedford
1393:
628:
431:Stewardship of the Manor of Northstead
318:revived the fortunes of the business.
2376:Gerard Wallop, 9th Earl of Portsmouth
1714:
1477:. Manchester University Press, 1995.
1384:, Bank House Books (2000), pp 203-204
1318:, Bank House Books (2000), chapter 15
1157:
1155:
496:equal voting rights for men and women
994:, Bank House Books (2000), chapter 7
643:San Francisco Committee of Vigilance
62:9 March 1916 – 16 July 1921
3038:20th-century English businesspeople
1346:
794:
759:
701:He stood again for Hertford in the
411:, rather than the usual five days.
13:
2386:David Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale
2296:Patrick Boyle, 8th Earl of Glasgow
1552:
1152:
791:, but the design was not pursued.
668:against the Bolsheviks in Russia.
660:, Billing began to express strong
651:
343:Supermarine Aviation Works Limited
310:, and started construction of his
181:. He founded the firm that became
14:
3049:
2029:Revolutionary Conservative Caucus
1644:Airminded: Noel Pemberton-Billing
1632:
1405:. Australian Jazz Museum: 14–15.
1200:"Air power & British Society"
572:were stationed at such places as
401:ejected from the House of Commons
2276:Josslyn Hay, 22nd Earl of Erroll
1894:Conservative Democratic Alliance
1669:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1496:By-Elections in British Politics
1063:Parliament of the United Kingdom
980:. 27 October 1914. p. 8635.
816:
548:, and the Brotherhood of Man".
2873:National Front election results
2868:List of British fascist parties
1979:National Socialist Action Party
1501:
1488:
1467:
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1387:
1374:
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1321:
1308:
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1293:, Bank House Books (2000), p134
1283:
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1190:, Bank House Books (2000), p113
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1099:, Bank House Books (2000), p112
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1086:, Bank House Books (2000), p159
1076:
1045:
377:, that action be taken against
253:, but was later invalided out.
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1005:Spitfire: Portrait of a Legend
984:
964:
951:
940:The Flying Ground at Fambridge
933:
930:, Bank House Books (2000), p21
920:
872:
445:of International financiers".
395:Following a disagreement over
1:
3013:Far-right politics in England
1679:John Fowke Lancelot Rolleston
1597:, London UK, Croom Helm, 1976
1394:Powell, Ralph (August 2015).
866:
837:Representations in literature
666:British military intervention
353:
3023:British conspiracy theorists
2109:Christian Council of Britain
1934:International Third Position
1796:English National Association
1543:UK public library membership
1023:A Challenge in the Trenches
914:UK public library membership
716:
321:In 1914, Billing joined the
7:
2897:Active notable publications
2200:Stop Islamisation of Europe
2024:Racial Preservation Society
1989:National Socialist Movement
1984:National Socialist Movement
1964:National Independence Party
1811:Militant Christian Patriots
1139:Manchester University Press
752:in the Melbourne suburb of
588:, the literary executor of
348:
10:
3054:
1939:League of Empire Loyalists
1781:Britons Publishing Society
1602:Twentieth Century Maverick
1498:, Routledge, 1997, pp135-6
1494:Chris Cook, John Ramsden,
1226:Simon and Schuster, 2013.
502:. The journal was renamed
486:Publishing and libel trial
476:Air War and How to Wage it
2919:
2896:
2830:
2449:
2213:
2205:Traditional Britain Group
2069:
1949:National Democratic Party
1909:European Liberation Front
1844:
1826:National Socialist League
1771:British Union of Fascists
1748:
1699:
1685:Member of Parliament for
1683:
1674:
1667:
1278:Great Britain's Great War
1114:Columbia University Press
694:made a film of the play,
441:"at the instigation of a
429:in 1921 by accepting the
329:. He was involved in the
236:
229:, and at Craven College,
209:Noel Billing was born in
160:
152:
144:
134:
122:
99:
94:
90:
78:
66:
55:
43:
39:
30:
23:
2130:Friends of Oswald Mosley
2089:British Democratic Party
1929:Greater Britain Movement
1879:British League of Rights
1854:British Democratic Party
1756:British Brothers' League
1271:, NYU Press, 2006, p.44.
1167:Rutgers University Press
462:. During the so-called "
264:. An attempt to open an
225:, at Westcliff College,
205:Early life and education
3018:British anti-communists
2838:Anglo-German Fellowship
2472:James Larratt Battersby
2401:Alexander Raven Thomson
2061:Western Goals Institute
2056:White Nationalist Party
2014:Official National Front
1899:Constitutional Movement
1801:Imperial Fascist League
1582:Noel Pemberton-Billing
1569:. Stroud: Sutton, 2002.
635:Independent politicians
511:Harold Sherwood Spencer
397:parliamentary procedure
368:by-election in Hertford
323:Royal Naval Air Service
284:that he could earn his
2888:Rock Against Communism
2843:Battle of Cable Street
2406:Graham Seton Hutchison
2381:Archibald Maule Ramsay
2231:Henry Hamilton Beamish
2190:Racial Volunteer Force
2160:National Liberal Party
2140:League of Saint George
2119:English Defence League
2099:British National Party
1924:Football Lads Alliance
1884:British National Party
1869:British People's Party
1766:British People's Party
1525:10.1093/ref:odnb/37192
896:10.1093/ref:odnb/37192
769:
674:consequent by-election
519:Henry Hamilton Beamish
468:Royal Aircraft Factory
282:Frederick Handley Page
191:Royal Aircraft Factory
171:Noel Pemberton-Billing
167:Noel Pemberton Billing
25:Noel Pemberton Billing
2963:People from Hampstead
2311:Robert Gordon-Canning
2170:Patriotic Alternative
2004:New Nationalist Party
1969:National Labour Party
1864:British Freedom Party
1258:, no. 1 (2002): 21–49
767:
725:turntable speed from
703:1929 general election
480:Supermarine Nighthawk
449:Advocacy of air power
416:1918 general election
409:parliamentary session
364:independent candidate
308:Woolston, Southampton
2920:Far-right monitoring
2757:Ian Stuart Donaldson
2712:Anthony Reed Herbert
2321:Neil Francis Hawkins
2281:William Evans-Gordon
2271:Henry Drummond Wolff
2261:Thomas Haller Cooper
2195:Sonnenkrieg Division
2185:Order of Nine Angles
2175:Protestant Coalition
2165:November 9th Society
2051:White Defence League
2046:United Country Party
1994:Nationalist Alliance
1859:British Empire Party
1333:Taylor & Francis
802:British constitution
696:using the same title
360:Mile End by-election
258:Kingston upon Thames
175:Member of Parliament
45:Member of Parliament
2978:Royal Navy officers
2492:Jane, Lady Birdwood
2441:Francis Yeats-Brown
2421:Nesta Helen Webster
2341:Rotha Lintorn-Orman
2301:Harold Elsdale Goad
1959:National Fellowship
1904:England First Party
1253:Modernism/Modernity
854:The Eye in the Door
783:Shortly before the
707:Neville Chamberlain
629:Vigilance Committee
613:, was in the book.
607:Lord Alfred Douglas
530:conspiracy theories
521:began to write for
298:telegraphic address
280:. In 1913, he bet
251:Relief of Ladysmith
156:Politician, aviator
2787:Paul Joseph Watson
2667:Michael McLaughlin
2647:John Kingsley Read
2597:Patrick Harrington
2391:Alliott Verdon Roe
2180:Pie and Mash squad
2079:Blood & Honour
1954:National Democrats
1305:no. 31, 5 May 1917
1267:Tammy M. Proctor,
977:The London Gazette
948:, 20 February 1909
770:
658:Russian Revolution
433:, citing that the
390:Martin Archer-Shee
294:Hubert Scott-Paine
290:licence number 683
2940:
2939:
2883:Political Soldier
2822:Milo Yiannopoulos
2807:Graham Williamson
2782:Anne Marie Waters
2462:Richard Barnbrook
2256:John Henry Clarke
2246:R. B. D. Blakeney
2221:Mary Sophia Allen
2124:English Democrats
1999:New Britain Party
1816:National Fascisti
1709:
1708:
1700:Succeeded by
1658:Ciaran Conliffe,
1649:Pemberton Billing
1588:Gale & Polden
1586:, Portsmouth UK,
1541:(Subscription or
1534:978-0-19-861412-8
1453:Early Photography
1449:"Compass II 1937"
1352:Maurice Cowling,
1327:Markku Ruotsila,
1133:Angela K. Smith,
1013:978-0-7195-6874-9
957:According to the
912:(Subscription or
905:978-0-19-861412-8
831:Burnham-on-Crouch
768:LeCoultre Compass
515:John Henry Clarke
509:In 1918, Captain
427:resigned his seat
249:, and was at the
164:
163:
3045:
2998:UK MPs 1918–1922
2993:UK MPs 1910–1918
2968:English aviators
2831:Related articles
2817:John Graeme Wood
2812:Martin Wingfield
2567:Andrew Fountaine
2522:A. K. Chesterton
2450:Post-1945 people
2431:Henry Williamson
2346:Anthony Ludovici
2306:Reginald Goodall
2251:A. K. Chesterton
2094:British Movement
1847:post-1945 groups
1761:British Fascists
1735:
1728:
1721:
1712:
1711:
1675:Preceded by
1665:
1664:
1628:
1622:
1614:
1600:Barbara Stoney,
1547:
1546:
1538:
1512:
1505:
1499:
1492:
1486:
1473:Kevin Jefferys,
1471:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1400:
1391:
1385:
1380:Stoney, Barbara
1378:
1372:
1363:
1357:
1350:
1344:
1325:
1319:
1314:Stoney, Barbara
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1289:Stoney, Barbara
1287:
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1265:
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1212:
1206:
1197:
1191:
1186:Stoney, Barbara
1184:
1178:
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1095:Stoney, Barbara
1093:
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1082:Stoney, Barbara
1080:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
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1021:
1015:
1003:McKinstry, Leo.
1001:
995:
990:Stoney, Barbara
988:
982:
981:
968:
962:
955:
949:
937:
931:
926:Stoney, Barbara
924:
918:
917:
909:
883:
876:
795:Second World War
785:Second World War
760:Other inventions
727:78 rpm to 33 rpm
711:Munich Agreement
578:Hyde Park Corner
562:Mbret of Albania
546:Internationalism
500:electoral reform
435:House of Commons
420:Coalition Coupon
405:Serjeant at Arms
379:war profiteering
129:
126:11 November 1948
109:
107:
95:Personal details
81:
69:
60:
35:
21:
20:
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2892:
2863:Europe a Nation
2848:British Fascism
2826:
2772:Richard Verrall
2727:Colin Robertson
2592:Anthony Hancock
2557:Richard Edmonds
2497:Jonathan Bowden
2445:
2326:J. F. C. Fuller
2214:Pre-1945 people
2209:
2150:National Action
2065:
2019:Patriotic Party
2009:Northern League
1846:
1840:
1791:English Mistery
1749:Pre-1945 groups
1744:
1739:
1705:
1690:
1681:
1635:
1616:
1615:
1613:. London. 1918.
1607:
1565:James Hayward,
1562:London UK, 2019
1555:
1553:Further reading
1550:
1540:
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1507:
1506:
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829:, at The Quay,
819:
811:Hornsey in 1941
797:
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750:Esplanade Hotel
719:
654:
652:Inter-war years
631:
611:Charles Darling
525:, and promoted
488:
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356:
351:
316:First World War
286:pilot's licence
247:Second Boer War
239:
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195:First World War
145:Political party
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2135:Homeland Party
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2011:
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1974:National Party
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1634:
1633:External links
1631:
1630:
1629:
1605:
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1593:Barry Powers,
1591:
1580:
1577:
1572:Philip Hoare,
1570:
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1558:Thomas Grant,
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1275:Paxman, Jeremy
1260:
1243:Philip Hoare,
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860:The Ghost Road
838:
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806:second chamber
796:
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737:, a suburb of
718:
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713:in a booklet.
680:, inspired by
662:anti-communist
656:Following the
653:
650:
639:party politics
630:
627:
582:Margot Asquith
544:, Financiers,
487:
484:
464:Fokker scourge
450:
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362:in 1916 as an
355:
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339:Lake Constance
262:in its infancy
243:mounted police
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1362:
1355:
1349:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1317:
1311:
1304:
1299:
1292:
1286:
1280:, pp. 245-248
1279:
1276:
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1196:
1189:
1183:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1161:Gay Wachman,
1158:
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1136:
1130:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1105:
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979:
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973:
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875:
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864:
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856:
855:
850:
849:
844:
841:The novelist
834:
832:
828:
824:
817:Personal life
814:
812:
807:
803:
792:
790:
786:
781:
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766:
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746:
744:
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736:
731:
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714:
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692:Maurice Elvey
689:
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301:Supermarine,
299:
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248:
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185:and promoted
184:
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159:
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125:
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118:
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98:
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85:Murray Sueter
83:
77:
74:
71:
65:
59:
54:
51:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2904:
2858:Cliveden set
2767:John Tyndall
2722:Jack Renshaw
2687:John O'Brien
2627:Colin Jordan
2622:David Irving
2587:Jeffrey Hamm
2582:Nick Griffin
2577:Paul Golding
2527:Mark Collett
2502:Andrew Brons
2457:Ian Anderson
2361:Diana Mosley
2336:Arnold Leese
2236:John Beckett
2145:London Forum
2034:
1684:
1609:
1601:
1594:
1590:, 1916, 74pp
1583:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1514:
1503:
1495:
1490:
1474:
1469:
1456:. Retrieved
1452:
1443:
1414:. Retrieved
1402:
1389:
1381:
1376:
1369:
1366:High Treason
1361:
1353:
1348:
1328:
1323:
1315:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1290:
1285:
1277:
1268:
1263:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1223:
1220:Philip Hoare
1215:
1210:
1203:
1195:
1187:
1182:
1162:
1134:
1129:
1109:
1104:
1096:
1091:
1083:
1078:
1066:. Retrieved
1056:
1047:
1040:
1032:
1027:25 July 1917
1024:
1019:
1004:
999:
991:
986:
975:
966:
953:
943:
935:
927:
922:
885:
874:
858:
852:
848:Regeneration
846:
840:
826:
820:
798:
782:
775:
771:
747:
732:
723:
720:
700:
685:
678:High Treason
677:
670:
655:
647:
632:
622:
615:
600:
594:
550:
522:
508:
503:
491:
489:
475:
456:British Army
452:
439:Lloyd George
424:
413:
394:
387:
383:Arthur Lynch
372:
357:
320:
300:
270:steam yachts
255:
240:
215:North London
208:
170:
166:
165:
128:(1948-11-11)
80:Succeeded by
57:
18:
2958:1948 deaths
2953:1881 births
2802:Paul Weston
2797:Robert West
2777:Adam Walker
2747:Kenny Smith
2717:Robert Relf
2707:Kevin Quinn
2702:Denis Pirie
2692:Roy Painter
2682:David Myatt
2637:Arthur Kemp
2547:Simon Darby
2542:Nicky Crane
2517:Eddy Butler
2512:Jack Buckby
2507:Kevin Bryan
2316:Louis Greig
1919:For Britain
1776:The Britons
1216:Imperialist
1058:Erskine May
972:"No. 28953"
789:flying bomb
619:blackmailed
590:Oscar Wilde
586:Robbie Ross
574:Marble Arch
566:paedophilia
527:antisemitic
492:Imperialist
337:sheds near
312:flying boat
303:Southampton
183:Supermarine
148:Independent
135:Nationality
68:Preceded by
2947:Categories
2737:Robert Row
2677:John Morse
2612:Tom Holmes
2562:Jim Dowson
2226:John Amery
1944:Liberty GB
1914:Flag Group
1836:Right Club
1545:required.)
1483:0719025605
1416:21 October
1341:0714681776
1234:(pp. 70–1)
1232:1476737495
1204:Air Minded
1175:0813529425
1147:0719065747
1122:0231136722
916:required.)
867:References
843:Pat Barker
687:Metropolis
682:Fritz Lang
597:Maud Allan
460:Royal Navy
354:Parliament
327:lieutenant
278:Brooklands
219:Birmingham
153:Profession
106:1881-01-31
2927:Red Flare
2652:Alan Lake
2482:John Bean
2114:Combat 18
2103:BNP Youth
2035:Spearhead
1889:Column 88
1619:cite book
1411:2203-4811
1343:(p. 154).
1025:The Times
833:, Essex.
827:Commodore
778:LeCoultre
739:Melbourne
717:Australia
538:Fabianism
523:Vigilante
504:Vigilante
472:air raids
443:camarilla
375:air raids
274:Fambridge
266:aerodrome
211:Hampstead
187:air power
113:Hampstead
58:In office
3003:Populism
2911:Redwatch
2602:Ray Hill
1806:The Link
1687:Hertford
1458:25 April
1169:, 2001.
1149:(p. 63).
1141:, 2004.
754:St Kilda
735:Brighton
684:'s film
534:Pacifism
349:Politics
335:Zeppelin
331:air raid
231:Highgate
227:Ramsgate
223:Boulogne
199:populist
197:for his
179:Hertford
50:Hertford
2905:Candour
1845:Defunct
1485:(P.144)
1335:, 2001
1177:(p. 15)
1124:(p. 34)
1116:, 2013.
1041:Hansard
823:Bristol
458:or the
414:At the
139:British
1539:
1531:
1481:
1409:
1403:V Jazz
1339:
1230:
1173:
1145:
1120:
1068:2 June
1011:
945:Flight
910:
902:
602:Salome
570:Kaiser
558:Lesbia
542:Aliens
237:Career
117:London
1399:(PDF)
554:Sodom
1696:1921
1692:1916
1677:Sir
1625:link
1529:ISBN
1479:ISBN
1460:2017
1418:2022
1407:ISSN
1370:IMDb
1337:ISBN
1228:ISBN
1171:ISBN
1143:ISBN
1118:ISBN
1070:2021
1009:ISBN
900:ISBN
857:and
576:and
556:and
517:and
498:and
177:for
123:Died
100:Born
48:for
1521:doi
1368:at
892:doi
743:3PB
709:'s
425:He
333:on
2949::
1621:}}
1617:{{
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1451:.
1426:^
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1154:^
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1112:,
1061:.
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1039:,
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942:,
898:.
884:.
851:,
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536:,
385:.
370:.
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213:,
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2101:(
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1727:t
1720:v
1694:–
1627:)
1537:.
1523::
1462:.
1437:.
1420:.
1256:9
1072:.
908:.
894::
108:)
104:(
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