1520:, both terms are rare in Mesopotamian religious literature, and presumably refer to major deities of the pantheon treated as a group. They deem him ritually impure and exile him from Nippur. It is a matter of ongoing debate in scholarship if Enlil's crime was rape or merely premarital sex resulting in deflowering. Ninlil follows him during his exile, even though he refuses to see her, and eventually ends up becoming pregnant multiple times, giving birth to Nanna, Nergal, Ninazu and Enbilulu. Alhena Gadotti argues that while the first encounter between them is arguably described as nonconsensual, this does not seem to apply to the remaining three ones. There is no indication that Enlil and Ninlil became husband and wife in the end, and only he receives praise in the closing lines of the composition.
4713:
1234:, and that she was replaced at some point with Ninlil, but this view is not supported by other researchers. E-Tummal also functioned as an alternate name of Ninlil's main temple in Nippur. In the Ur III period, a festival taking place in Tummal was centered on Ninlil symbolically renewing the king's legitimacy by decreeing his fate. It has been suggested that it was also a celebration of her marriage to Enlil, and that various songs referring to sexual encounters between them might be related to it, though no direct evidence for the latter theory is currently available.
1142:
1574:, and sends him to negotiate with Nisaba on his behalf. He is tasked with listing various gifts Enlil can bestow upon her daughter if she will let him marry her. Enlil also says that as his wife, Sud will be able to declare destinies the same way as he does. Nisaba is happy with the offer and with Nuska's conduct, and agrees to the proposal, declaring that she will become Enlil's mother-in-law. After Enlil keeps his promise and the gifts are delivered to Eresh, Nisaba blesses Sud.
1346:
506:, Ninlil was believed to be responsible for similar spheres of life, and stood on the top of the pantheon alongside him. Like him, she was believed to be in charge of the determination of fates, and in a few inscriptions even takes precedence over him in this role. A late hymn states that she was the ruler of both earth and heaven, and that Enlil made no decision without her. Kings from the
1566:. Miguel Civil noted that the text had "wide diffusion attested not only by the relatively high number of sources preserved and their geographical distribution, but also by its long survival through Middle-Babylonian times and into the Assyrian libraries." For uncertain reasons, no reference to Shuruppak is made as any point, and Sud lives with her mother Nisaba in Eresh.
1434:, but the latter has a different meaning ("house, silent place"). Ekisiga and Edimgalanna appear side by side in a number of texts, for example in a lamentation describing the destruction of Shuruppak. It is also possible that Esiguz ("house of goat hair") located in Guaba was a temple of Sud, but this is uncertain, and it is better attested in association with
731:, as in scholarship it is often assumed that this goddess was the original wife of Ashur. It has also been proposed that while originally regarded as his wife, she later came to be replaced (rather than absorbed) by Mullissu, and was demoted to the position of a daughter or sister. A different theory, based on
1569:
In the beginning of the composition Enlil, who is portrayed as a young bachelor traveling to find a wife, encounters Sud on the streets of Eresh and proposes to her. However, he also calls her shameless. She tells him to leave her sight in response, and additionally remarks that past suitors made her
1282:(721-710 BCE), Ninlil was also introduced to Ḫursaĝkalamma, a part of Kish, replacing the older deity worshiped there, Ishtar. The details of this process are presently unknown, though it is possible the goddess of Ḫursaĝkalamma was at this point understood not as a manifestation of Ishtar but as an
1057:
as her doorkeeper. Christopher
Metcalf, who translated this composition, does not consider this to be an indication that he was closely associated with her otherwise, as the connection is not present in any other presently known texts, but Jeremiah Peterson in a review of Metcalf's publication notes
1201:
in the same city. Further locations within the Ekur temple complex dedicated to her include the
Eitimaku, alternative known as Eunuzu ("house which knows no daylight"), a shrine described as her bedchamber, and the Ekurigigal ("house, mountain endowed with sight") which was a storehouse dedicated
1421:, as medicine deities were particularly venerated in Isin, but there is no reference to her fulfilling such a role in this composition. One of Bur-Suen's successors, Enlil-bani, rebuilt a temple dedicated to her, Edimgalanna (Sumerian: "house, great bond of heaven"; more literally "house,
1527:
has been described as that of a "subordinate consort". It has been pointed out that this portrayal does not appear to reflect her position in
Mesopotamian religion, especially in the state pantheon of the Third Dynasty of Ur. The absence of Ninurta among the children has also been noted.
1578:, in this myth portrayed as Enlil's sister, leads her to Nippur and helps her prepare for the wedding. Sud and Enlil subsequently get married, and she received the name Ninlil, promised to her in the beginning of the composition. She is described as a former "no-name goddess" (Sumerian:
1013:(written NIN.PA; a second possible reading is Ninĝešduru) fulfills the role of a sukkal in a hymn to Sud, where she is described as responsible for receiving visitors in her mistress' temple. She is also mentioned alongside Sud in a fragment of an inscription of an unidentified ruler (
1667:, one of the names of the wife of sun god. Ishum was usually regarded as the son of this couple instead. Manfred Krebernik considers the composition to be the result of confusion between the names Sud and Sudaĝ, and thus between Ninlil and Ishum's mother, rather than syncretism.
759:. At the same time Ishtar without any epithets indicating association with a specific location could appear in Assyrian texts separately from the goddesses of Nineveh and Arbela identified with Mullissu, indicating that they coexisted as separate members of the pantheon.
1590:
instead presumed that the goddess who receives it should be identified as Aruru, not Sud. This event is followed by a short description of a sexual encounter between the newlyweds, which according to
Jeremiah Peterson can be compared to similar episodes in love songs.
1391:
It is commonly assumed that Sud ceased to be worshiped under own name with the decline of
Shuruppak, which is typically dated to the beginning of the second millennium BCE. However, Christopher Metcalf points out that Sud was still actively worshiped by kings of the
1408:
only left the oldest layers of the city to excavate. At the same time, he acknowledges the fact that
Shuruppak retained a degree of religious importance does not necessarily indicate that it was still an administrative center or a major urban settlement in the
1425:
pole of heaven"). It is generally agreed that it was located either in
Shuruppak or close to it. A further temple of Sud was Ekisiga ("house of funerary offerings"), possibly also located in this city. The name is homophonous with that of a temple of
510:
considered both of them to be the source of earthly royal authority. In literary texts, she could be described as responsible for appointing other deities to their positions alongside her husband. For example, a hymn credits the couple with bestowing
1218:
of Ninlil"), attested in documents from the Ur III period, which according to
Manfred Krebernik was a water basin, and a further sanctuary distinct from those three whose name is not fully preserved, also known from documents from the Ur III period.
937:, according to Frans Wiggermann this tradition might only be a result of the growing influence of Nergal on this god's character, which was also responsible for his role as a divine warrior. He points out that in other sources Ninazu was the son of
814:). It has been pointed out that in some cases, they functioned as unity in religious texts. A certain Enlilalša, a governor of Nippur, acted as a priest of both Enlil and Ninlil, though the terms used to refer to these functions are not identical (
219:. She shared many of his functions, especially the responsibility for declaring destinies, and like him was regarded as a senior deity and head of the pantheon. She is also well attested as the mother of his children, such as the underworld god
1361:
could be used to represent Nippur and Eresh, respectively. Much information about the religious life of this city has been obtained from administrative texts, and it is known that in addition to Sud, deities such as Nisaba, Ninkasi,
531:
was also believed to owe his position to a decree of both Enlil and Ninlil. It has been suggested that an entire standardized series of hymns describing how various deities were appointed to their positions this way existed.
1416:
A recently published hymn mentioning Bur-Suen indicates that Sud was regarded as responsible for granting him the right to rule. It has been proposed that the Isin dynasty's interest in Sud was based on her association with
1388:. In the latter of these two cities she appears in theophoric names from the Early Dynastic period, such as Sud-anzu and Sud-dazi. She does not appear in any offering lists from Adab predating the Sargonic period.
1241:, a document from the Early Dynastic Period, but this is unlikely as the orthography of the name varies between sources, and there is no basis to assume it was read as Ninlil or associated with her in some way.
300:. References to these connections can be found in various Mesopotamian texts, such as a hymn referring to Ninlil as a healing goddess or a myth apparently confusing her with Sudaĝ in the role of mother of
1106:, though she most likely simply represents his local spouse, presumably also Shalash. She is otherwise absent from Emar, the only other exception being an imported Mesopotamian god list, a variant of the
1357:(modern Fara). The name of the city was written the same as that of its tutelary goddess, though with a different determinative, SU.KUR.RU rather than SU.KUR.RU, similar to how the names of Enlil and
4126:"Christopher Metcalf: Sumerian Literary Texts in the Schøyen Collection, Volume 1: Literary Sources on Old Babylonian Religion. (Cornell University Studies in Assyriology and Sumerology 38) (review)"
1034:
Another courtier of Ninlil was her throne bearer
Nanibgal, who was initially synonymous with Nisaba but came to be viewed as a distinct deity later on. Her other servants, known from the god list
239:
alongside Enlil, and multiple temples and shrines dedicated to her are attested in textual sources from these cities. In the first millennium BCE she was also introduced to Ḫursaĝkalamma near
471:
with Ninlil. Jeremiah
Peterson proposes that the Sumerian writing of Sud's name was misunderstood as an Akkadian noun based on a single copy of the Nippur god list in which a deity named
1177:
temple complex, Ninlil was worshiped in the Kiur (Sumerian: "leveled place"), which can be itself described as a "complex" in modern scholarly literature. It appears in inscriptions of
1023:. Christopher Metcalf assumes that Ningidru should be considered a male deity, but other authors consider her to be a goddess. Her name indicates she was a divine representation of the
1133:. Kumarbi was a god considered analogous to Dagan and due to this association Shalash also came to be viewed as his wife. As a pair, they could also be equated with Enlil and Ninlil.
591:
from the Ur III period. Another might depict her as a tall goddess wearing the horned headdress of divinity leading a supplicant, followed by a shorter goddess, possibly representing
335:, another god regarded as similar to Enlil. However, Ninlil is also attested as a distinct deity in Hurrian texts, and could serve as a divine witness of treaties in this context.
1516:
Enlil accomplishes his goal and seduces and impregnates her. For his transgression, he has to be judged by the "fifty great gods" and "the seven gods of destinies." According to
1445:
In the Old Babylonian period, Shuruppak became a subject of antiquarian interest for Mesopotamian scholars. It continued to be referenced in literature even after abandonment.
739:
period, makes Šerua's initial position that of a daughter of Ashur, who later came to be viewed as his second wife alongside Mullissu. Mullissu also came to be conflated with
1370:
invoking her. At the same time, there is relatively little evidence regarding her worship outside of Shuruppak, and she is absent from earliest sources from cities such as
666:
attests that she could be viewed as a goddess of healing, which has been identified as a possible result of Sud's association with Gula. Sud could also be associated with
625:
It has been argued that through the history of ancient Mesopotamian religion, the domain of Ninlil continued to expand, sometimes at the expense of other goddesses.
918:), with Dagan most likely serving as a name of Enlil due to the long-standing association between those two gods. Ninlil was also the mother of the moon god
1294:
possibly dedicated to her, Ekurmah ("house, exalted mountain"), also existed in the same location. It has also been proposed that she was worshiped in the
1618:
476:
4236:
Die Wettergottgestalten Mesopotamiens und Nordsyriens im Zeitalter der Keilschriftkulturen: Materialien und Studien nach den schriftlichen Quellen
633:
It is agreed that Ninlil fully absorbed the goddess Sud, like her viewed as the spouse of Enlil. Her association with this god goes back to the
4493:
4450:
541:
1663:
who was abandoned in the streets. It is assumed that this myth represents a relic of the association between Sud, identified with Ninlil, and
1222:
A further cult center of Ninlil was Tummal, attested in sources from the Ur III period already. It was located in the proximity of Nippur and
4600:
546:
658:
The process of conflation meant that some associations originally exclusive to Sud could be transferred to Ninlil as well. For example, the
4659:
686:", a group of deities belonging to the former divine generations who resided in the underworld. Other senior Mesopotamian deities like
1244:
It is possible that a temple of Ninlil attested in inscriptions of Rim-Sîn I, Eninbišetum ("house worthy of its lady") was located in
292:
with Sud also resulted in Ninlil acquiring some of her unique characteristics, such as an association with healing goddesses and with
894:. As the mother of those two gods, she could be referred to with the epithet Kutušar. It is attested in association with the city of
1404:. He also notes that it cannot be precisely established how long Shuruppak remained inhabited due to lack of archeological data, as
747:, who was also recast as Ashur's consort in the Neo-Assyrian period. It has been argued that especially in texts from the reign of
389:. The meaning of the second element of the name is not certain, though a late explanatory text translates the name Ninlil as GAŠAN
3584:
1007:, arranged according to a geographic principle, states that a temple of Bizilla existed in Ḫursaĝkalama, a cult center of Ninlil.
1442:
but possibly could have been associated with Sud as well was Ešaba ("house of the heart"), whose location is presently unknown.
1210:. Multiple small shrines in Nippur were also dedicated to her, including the Ešutumkiagga ("house, beloved storeroom") built by
1349:
Drawing of an impression of a cylinder seal of Bur-Suen, a king whose devotion to Sud is mentioned in a hymn dedicated to her.
1226:, and might correspond to modern Tell Dalham, located 21 kilometers south of the former of those two ancient cities in modern
720:. The equivalence between Ninlil understood as spouse of Enlil and Mullissu understood as spouse of Ashur is well attested in
4569:
4510:
4469:
4426:
4244:
4168:
4065:
4036:
3991:
3962:
3678:
3618:
3597:
3573:
945:, which reflected his own character as a god of the underworld. Ninazu is nonetheless one of the children born in the myth
393:, "lady of the breeze", which matches a common theory according to which Enlil's name should be understood as "lord wind".
1157:. One of the oldest texts mentioning the worship of Ninlil might be an inscription of a certain Ennail, possibly a ruler (
1042:(in this context the term denotes a protective spirit) of her temple Kiur named Lu-Ninlilla and a counselor named Guduga.
1154:
773:
634:
4384:
1165:, who states that he collected first fruit offerings for Enlil and Ninlil. The text is only known from copies from the
486:, who argues this entry has no relation to Sud and represents a deified cult emblem, specifically a lance (Akkadian:
3744:
3647:
1512:, to avoid the advances of Enlil. After encountering him, Ninlil initially resists, but after consulting his advisor
1252:, Eninbitum (also "house worthy of its lady"), mentioned by the same ruler and most likely located in the same city.
583:
Like many other deities, she could be compared to a cow, though this does not indicate an association with cattle or
454:, and therefore it is possible they were understood as "he who makes clean" and "she who makes clean", respectively.
4652:
3586:
Goddesses in Context: On Divine Powers, Roles, Relationships and Gender in Mesopotamian Textual and Visual Sources
1286:, a generic term referring to female deities, and therefore could be assigned the name Ninlil without any type of
5029:
890:
or Dingirmah are attested in this role too. She was also practically without exception regarded as the mother of
520:
1655:
Ninlil is mentioned in a myth only known from a single Old Babylonian fragment detailing the origin of the god
682:
Ninlil was also incorporated into Hurrian religion, where she and Enlil were regarded as two of the so-called "
1366:
and Ninshubur were also worshiped there. Sud's importance in the local pantheon is reflected in the number of
1169:, but a fragment of a statue from Nippur indicates that a ruler named Ennail reigned at some point before the
381:
onward LÍL started to be used in both cases. The causes of these phenomena remain unknown. The pronunciation
1628:
assumes this might indicate they were sometimes conflated. Ninirigal, "lady of the Irigal," was the wife of
1587:
4416:
1508:. In the beginning Ninlil, portrayed as inexperienced, is warned by her mother, in this composition named
859:, the cult center of Nisaba, could be called the "beloved city of Ninlil", as attested in the composition
463:, an alternate name of Ninlil was Sud, written SU.KUR.RU. It originally referred to the tutelary deity of
4645:
1637:
1259:, and a temple dedicated to her, the Egašanantagal ("house of the lady on high") was built there by king
960:
Ninlil could also be identified with Nintur, who was regarded as the mother of another of Enlil's sons,
1575:
1145:
Ruins of a temple at the site of ancient Nippur (Tell Nuffar), one of the cities associated with Ninlil
861:
4501:
Westenholz, Joan Goodnick (1997). "Nanaya: Lady of Mystery". In Finkel, I. L.; Geller, M. J. (eds.).
4562:
Your praise is sweet : a memorial volume for Jeremy Black from students, colleagues and friends
587:
character in art. It is possible that she is depicted as a seated enthroned goddess on at least one
5034:
1275:
953:. The last of these deities was responsible for irrigation, and in another tradition was a son of
1290:
occurring. Ninlil's temple there was known as E-Ḫursaĝkalamma ("house, mountain of the land"). A
4622:
4614:
3980:
Lambert, Wilfred G. (2017). "Appendix. Further Notes on Enlil and Ninlil: the Marriage of Sud".
1471:
took place there. A late occurrence to Sud herself as an independent figure can be found in the
4630:
4606:
4595:
1608:
599:
1463:
in modern scholarship alludes to the belief that a confrontation between the primordial deity
784:. The relationship between them is further affirmed by most of the later major god lists: the
432:. It is possible that it originally developed as a feminine equivalent of Enlil's dialectical
1279:
1214:, the Emi-Tummal (translation of the first element uncertain), a shrine called Abzu-Ninlil ("
1001:
577:
350:, who in turn could be identified with various deities from the pantheon of Assyria, such as
727:
It has been argued that Mullissu's newfound position might have resulted in conflation with
4768:
1623:
1320:") and the deity KAŠ.TIN.NAM, possibly to be identified as a late form of the beer goddess
1102:
representation of Shalash's. She is also attested alongside Dagan in an offering list from
989:
481:
212:
4957:
8:
1237:
It has been proposed that a further location associated with Ninlil was NUN.KID from the
1058:
that it is not impossible that it had a longer tradition. He suggests that as the god of
721:
535:
Due to Enlil's position as the father of gods, Ninlil could be analogously viewed as the
507:
401:
339:
4942:
4187:"Ishtar of Nineveh and Her Collaborator, Ishtar of Arbela, in the Reign of Assurbanipal"
1582:), but after assuming her new identity she is instead a goddess who "has a great name" (
1550:
in scholarship. It describes how she became Enlil's wife. Copies are known from Nippur,
806:
itself. As Ninlil's husband, Enlil could be called "the allure of her heart" (Sumarian:
651:
Sud appears not with Enlil and Ninlil, but rather among the medicine goddesses, next to
637:. A mythological explanation made Ninlil a name Sud received after getting married. The
4487:
4444:
4357:
4299:
4291:
4215:
4112:
4042:
3791:
3717:
3538:
1517:
1313:
1197:. The same name was also applied to a shrine of Ninlil which was a part of a temple of
694:
could be listed among them too. They could be invoked as divine witnesses of treaties.
4668:
4575:
4565:
4506:
4475:
4465:
4432:
4422:
4396:"Gods on clay: Ancient Near Eastern scholarly practices and the history of religions"
4380:
4349:
4303:
4283:
4250:
4240:
4207:
4164:
4145:
4116:
4104:
4071:
4061:
4046:
4032:
3987:
3968:
3958:
3795:
3783:
3763:
3750:
3740:
3709:
3684:
3674:
3653:
3643:
3624:
3614:
3593:
3569:
3530:
1455:
1435:
1410:
911:
709:
663:
397:
371:
4712:
1504:. Most of the known copies come from Nippur, though it was apparently also known in
4403:
4275:
4199:
4137:
4096:
4024:
3775:
3561:
1644:
elsewhere, but contrary to conclusions in older scholarship shows no affinity with
1495:
1130:
1107:
785:
752:
648:
417:
328:
139:
4318:
3981:
3917:
3898:
3879:
3804:
3608:
4742:
4539:
4521:
4407:
4158:
4002:
3936:
3861:
3842:
3823:
3637:
1367:
1264:
1190:
1182:
1170:
1020:
1015:
919:
736:
595:, whose devotee the owner of the seal was according to accompanying inscription.
450:). The names Mullil and Mullissu could also be connected with the Akkadian word
262:, like her associated with Enlil, and eventually fully absorbed her. In the myth
224:
208:
104:
3764:"The Gods Išum and Ḫendursanga: Night Watchmen and Street-lighting in Babylonia"
1153:
was therefore also associated with her, as already attested in sources from the
1141:
933:
While a number of sources attest that Ninlil could be regarded as the mother of
1633:
1598:
was informed by her position in the state pantheon of the Third Dynasty of Ur.
1476:
1418:
1329:
1305:
1186:
1090:) was viewed as analogous to Ninlil, similar to how their respective husbands,
996:. In most other contexts, Bizilla was closely associated with the love goddess
899:
652:
603:
536:
446:
3628:
5023:
4864:
4579:
4479:
4436:
4353:
4287:
4211:
4149:
4108:
4075:
3972:
3787:
3713:
3688:
3534:
1641:
1256:
1223:
1166:
1125:
and a Hurrian goddess only labeled as Ašte Kumurbineve, which means "wife of
1059:
683:
588:
584:
554:
523:
by them both. In yet another composition, they are also credited with giving
378:
370:
Through most of the third millennium BCE, Ninlil's name was written with the
327:, a god regarded as analogous to Enlil. This equivalence is also attested in
4254:
3986:. Publicacions i Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona. pp. 452–454.
3754:
3657:
964:. In a hymn, she is credited with bestowing various titles and abilities on
866:
553:, "mother", the other three being Nintur (a goddess of birth), Ninisina and
274:
are described as her parents. While Ninlil's mother bears a different name,
4697:
4057:
God lists from Old Babylonian Nippur in the University Museum, Philadelphia
1509:
1393:
1375:
1345:
1203:
1162:
856:
848:
777:
748:
275:
240:
4028:
3565:
1546:. Due to the difference in her portrayal, it is sometimes contrasted with
1207:
4854:
4808:
4141:
4100:
3245:
1446:
1427:
1385:
1260:
1095:
1091:
1067:
907:
793:
717:
343:
308:
4361:
4295:
4279:
3721:
3542:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3296:
1948:
1010:
961:
557:. It is possible that Ninlil could also be referred to with the epithet
118:
5003:
4914:
4894:
4849:
4773:
4692:
4337:
4263:
4219:
3698:"Why It was Rape: The Conceptualization of Rape in Sumerian Literature"
3697:
3518:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
1977:
1975:
1586:). It has also been argued that name Nintur is bestowed on her, though
1559:
1464:
1450:
1401:
1380:
1287:
1178:
1149:
Ninlil was chiefly worshiped in the cult centers of her husband Enlil.
938:
840:
798:
643:
638:
611:
592:
490:). The deified lance is elsewhere attested in association with the god
468:
459:
289:
284:
271:
77:
4558:"Hymns to Ninisina and Nergal on the Tablets Ash 1911.235 and Ni 9672"
4186:
2274:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
1870:
1860:
1858:
1312:, both of whom acted as the divine representatives of Kish, alongside
580:
god list from Nippur is a name of Ninlil referring to a similar role.
377:
sign LÍL (KID), while Enlil's with identically pronounced É. From the
4998:
4889:
4859:
4818:
4747:
4637:
4348:. Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO)/Institut für Orientalistik: 1–44.
4085:"The Sexual Union of Enlil and Ninlil: an uadi Composition of Ninlil"
3312:
3293:
1762:
1760:
1614:
1354:
1249:
1231:
1202:
jointly to her and Enlil, mentioned as early as during the reigns of
1111:
1063:
942:
887:
491:
464:
425:
374:
259:
112:
54:
4395:
4234:
4203:
4125:
4084:
4055:
2977:
2749:
2523:
2432:
2028:
1999:
1987:
1972:
1960:
1570:
mother angry with their dishonest offers. Enlil consults his sukkal
1230:. Piotr Steinkeller proposes that it was initially a cult center of
385:
is confirmed by a phonetic gloss rendering the name syllabically as
5008:
4988:
4778:
3983:
Studies in Sumerian Civilization. Selected writings of Miguel Civil
3779:
3666:
3610:
Studies in Sumerian Civilization. Selected writings of Miguel Civil
3013:
3001:
2914:
2863:
2245:
2233:
2221:
2051:
1921:
1855:
1632:. This goddess appears in association with healing deities such as
1397:
1291:
1211:
1099:
1066:
due to both of those cities being viewed as predating the mythical
1054:
1046:
993:
965:
950:
703:
619:
524:
405:
347:
342:
Ninlil was reinterpreted as the spouse of the supreme Assyrian god
189:
134:
4557:
4459:
1757:
1664:
1439:
984:. In a star list, Bizilla corresponds to the "star of abundance,"
728:
667:
351:
293:
193:
150:
4952:
4909:
4884:
4879:
4823:
4798:
1660:
1555:
1468:
1422:
1405:
1321:
1317:
1309:
1268:
1198:
1194:
1126:
1122:
1083:
1028:
1024:
981:
873:
751:, the names are synonymous. Similar process is also attested for
744:
732:
713:
671:
429:
409:
359:
332:
320:
297:
244:
228:
179:
169:
108:
3607:
Civil, Miguel (2017) . "Enlil and Ninlil: the Marriage of Sud".
1459:, is described as a Shuruppakean, while the text referred to as
872:
As the wife of Enlil, Ninlil could be regarded as the mother of
424:. This form of the name was also known to Greek authors such as
4983:
4967:
4904:
4899:
4874:
4869:
4844:
4803:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4737:
4163:. Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Records (SANER). De Gruyter.
3032:
3030:
3028:
2141:
1645:
1563:
1505:
1371:
1363:
1358:
1301:
1150:
1118:
1004:
997:
977:
934:
923:
895:
891:
836:
740:
516:
512:
433:
355:
316:
267:
248:
236:
232:
220:
128:
122:
100:
73:
48:
1438:. A further temple which seemingly was primarily dedicated to
1121:
attests the equivalence between Mesopotamian Ninlil, Ugaritic
1094:
and Enlil, were viewed as equivalents. It is possible that in
4993:
4947:
4828:
4732:
4702:
4418:
The reception of Sumerian literature in the western periphery
4130:
Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie
4089:
Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie
3455:
2696:
1656:
1629:
1571:
1513:
1431:
1296:
1248:. It should not be confused with a similarly named temple of
1158:
1087:
882:
756:
691:
565:, "merchant". Enlil could be described as a divine merchant (
528:
503:
324:
301:
216:
146:
87:
3025:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2405:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1327:
A further temple of Ninlil, Emebišedua (house built for its
1110:. Especially in Mari, Shalash could also be identified with
941:
and a nameless male deity, presumably to be identified with
4962:
4937:
4919:
4727:
4682:
4264:"Diplomacy and the Rituals of Politics at the Ur III Court"
3257:
2576:
2449:
2158:
2156:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1649:
1551:
1227:
1215:
1174:
1103:
1050:
1039:
954:
789:
615:
312:
3613:. Publicacions i Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona.
3519:"Translation of Gods: Kumarpi, Enlil, Dagan/NISABA, Ḫalki"
3223:
3221:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2091:
988:, which in turn is labeled as the sukkal of Ninlil in the
4752:
4687:
3494:
3467:
3392:
3160:
3158:
3109:
3107:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3063:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3045:
2904:
2902:
2853:
2851:
2684:
2535:
2352:
2303:
2301:
2286:
2257:
2118:
2108:
2106:
1938:
1936:
1887:
1885:
1836:
1824:
1805:
1027:, and she was closely associated with the deified crown,
927:
903:
687:
475:
occurs. A different interpretation has been suggested by
3433:
3431:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3372:
2931:
2929:
2790:
2788:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2708:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2381:
2153:
1772:
1745:
1724:
1676:
1374:
and Ur. She is nonetheless attested in early texts from
949:, where his brothers are Nanna, Meslamtaea (Nergal) and
572:), which according to Jeremiah Peterson might mean that
266:, Ninlil is the name Sud received after marrying Enlil.
254:
At an early date Ninlil was identified with the goddess
3484:
3482:
3443:
3218:
3170:
2588:
2504:
2422:
2420:
2197:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2018:
2016:
2014:
1333:), which was also a temple of Enlil, is known from the
1245:
781:
712:
onward, Ninlil started to be viewed as the wife of the
319:, Ninlil was closely associated with the local goddess
3281:
3269:
3233:
3155:
3143:
3131:
3119:
3104:
3075:
3042:
2899:
2887:
2848:
2600:
2393:
2369:
2340:
2298:
2209:
2103:
1933:
1909:
1897:
1882:
1648:, despite also being associated with the territory of
1594:
It has been suggested that the portrayal of Ninlil in
1538:
Ninlil is also one of the main characters in the myth
835:
indicates that Ninlil was regarded as the daughter of
205:
149:(in a single source, due to confusion between Sud and
3667:"Two brides for two gods. The case of Šala and Šalaš"
3582:
3428:
3416:
3404:
3369:
3357:
3333:
3327:
3306:
3251:
3182:
3092:
3019:
3007:
2989:
2983:
2965:
2953:
2926:
2920:
2875:
2869:
2836:
2812:
2800:
2785:
2773:
2761:
2755:
2732:
2720:
2564:
2529:
2485:
2443:
2330:
2328:
2280:
2251:
2239:
2227:
2068:
2045:
2005:
1993:
1981:
1966:
1954:
1927:
1876:
1864:
1793:
1766:
3479:
3345:
3206:
3194:
2941:
2824:
2672:
2660:
2648:
2636:
2624:
2612:
2473:
2461:
2417:
2313:
2168:
2074:
2011:
1712:
1688:
4564:. London: British Institute for the Study of Iraq.
3737:
House most high: the temples of ancient Mesopotamia
3583:Asher-Greve, Julia M.; Westenholz, Joan G. (2013).
1062:, Asalluhi might have been associated with Sud and
4198:. British Institute for the Study of Iraq: 41–44.
4185:
2325:
762:
4021:Sumerian Literary Texts in the Schøyen Collection
3529:(4). GBPress- Gregorian Biblical Press: 319–336.
1700:
5021:
4274:. American Schools of Oriental Research: 17–29.
4156:
2147:
1304:in Kish. A festival held in Babylon in honor of
930:(Shamash) could be viewed as her grandchildren.
902:, in which Kutušar is called "the lady equal to
776:, they are attested as a couple in sources from
549:) she is one of the four goddesses described as
288:states that it was an alternate name of Nisaba.
243:, where she was worshiped alongside the goddess
4461:The metamorphosis of Enlil in early Mesopotamia
4338:"Untersuchungen zum Pantheon von Adab im 3. Jt"
1613:, though more known copies mention the goddess
1340:
772:Ninlil's husband was Enlil. As early as in the
4398:. In Grafton, Anthony; Most, Glenn W. (eds.).
4335:
3036:
980:(attendant deity) was most likely the goddess
111:(sometimes, otherwise addressed as the son of
4653:
4601:Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature
1086:(not to be confused with the weather goddess
547:Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature
4537:
3263:
968:, who is well attested as Pabilsag's wife.
886:), though other goddesses, such as Nintur,
4660:
4646:
4519:
4500:
4492:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4449:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4393:
3915:
3840:
2702:
2690:
2558:
2455:
2363:
2292:
2268:
2135:
1849:
1830:
1818:
1787:
1751:
1739:
1682:
1274:In the first millennium BCE, according to
839:, the goddess of writing, and her husband
670:, one of the names of the wife of sun god
527:"broad wisdom created by an august hand".
515:'s position upon her. Another states that
270:, the goddess of writing, and her husband
4402:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3896:
3877:
3859:
3821:
3500:
3473:
3461:
2411:
2387:
2162:
1659:. He is described as a son of Ninlil and
869:dedicated to her actually existed there.
641:between them is attested in the god list
576:attested in a fragment of a non-standard
4261:
4232:
4123:
4082:
4053:
3702:Journal of the American Oriental Society
2908:
2893:
2594:
2582:
2517:
2375:
2346:
2215:
1942:
1799:
1344:
1316:(Inanna of Uruk), Belet Ninua ("Lady of
1140:
1000:. An explanatory temple list known from
4555:
4503:Sumerian Gods and their Representations
4400:Canonical Texts and Scholarly Practices
4377:Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia
4374:
4018:
3979:
3952:
3934:
3802:
3774:(1). University of Chicago Press: 1–8.
3708:(1). American Oriental Society: 73–82.
3695:
3449:
3287:
3275:
3239:
3227:
3176:
3125:
3086:
3069:
3057:
2857:
2498:
2399:
2307:
2112:
2097:
2022:
1915:
1903:
1891:
131:(possibly due to analogies with Nergal)
5022:
4667:
4316:
4239:(in German). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
4183:
4000:
3761:
3734:
3488:
3200:
3188:
3164:
3149:
3137:
3113:
3098:
2995:
2971:
2959:
2947:
2935:
2881:
2842:
2830:
2818:
2806:
2794:
2779:
2767:
2743:
2570:
2479:
2467:
2426:
2191:
2179:
898:. It also occurs in an inscription of
847:her mother is instead a goddess named
614:and the ÙZ ("goat"), corresponding to
428:(who transcribes it as "Mylitta") and
4641:
4414:
3957:. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns.
3664:
3635:
3606:
3555:
3516:
3437:
3422:
3410:
3398:
3386:
3363:
3351:
3339:
3212:
2714:
2678:
2666:
2654:
2642:
2630:
2618:
2606:
2319:
2085:
1073:
697:
331:, in which Shalash was the spouse of
4457:
2726:
2334:
2203:
1718:
1706:
1694:
677:
296:, a name of the wife of the sun god
1487:
561:, a rare feminine form of the word
51:, Tummal, Ḫursaĝkalamma (as Ninlil)
13:
3671:He unfurrowed his brow and laughed
346:, and in this role developed into
14:
5046:
4588:
4538:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1998a),
3639:The god Dagan in Bronze Age Syria
3328:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
3307:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
3252:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
3020:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
3008:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
2984:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
2921:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
2870:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
2756:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
2530:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
2444:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
2281:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
2252:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
2240:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
2228:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
2069:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
2046:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
2006:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1994:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1982:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1967:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1955:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1928:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1877:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1865:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1767:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1337:, but its location is not known.
1278:specifically during the reign of
628:
602:, Ninlil was associated with two
400:form of the name was Mullilu, in
4711:
4520:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1998),
4184:Porter, Barbara Nevling (2004).
4160:Religion and Ideology in Assyria
4157:Pongratz-Leisten, Beate (2015).
1531:
1082:attests that the Syrian goddess
1045:A hymn to Sud from the reign of
957:, rather than Enlil and Ninlil.
865:. However, it is not known if a
851:, who according to the god list
618:, as attested in the compendium
231:. She was chiefly worshiped in
4336:Such-Gutiérrez, Marcos (2005).
4023:. Penn State University Press.
3768:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
3509:
763:Associations with other deities
211:.LÍL; meaning uncertain) was a
4631:Nanna-Suen's Journey to Nippur
4001:McEwan, Gilbert J. P. (1998),
1606:Sud appears in some copies of
1601:
1475:, which has been dated to the
1098:, Ninlil's name was used as a
1:
4019:Metcalf, Christopher (2019).
1670:
1617:in the same passage instead.
1255:Ninlil was also worshiped in
876:, as attested for example in
121:(through identification with
4615:An adab to Ninlil (Ninlil A)
4544:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
4526:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
4408:10.1017/cbo9781316226728.009
4323:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
4268:Journal of Cuneiform Studies
4007:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
3953:Lambert, Wilfred G. (2013).
3941:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
3935:Lambert, Wilfred G. (1983),
3922:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
3916:Krebernik, Manfred (2013a),
3903:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
3884:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
3866:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
3847:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
3841:Krebernik, Manfred (1998a),
3828:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
3809:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
3739:. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.
3642:. Leiden Boston, MA: Brill.
1482:
1341:Sud in Mesopotamian religion
1308:involved Ninlil, as well as
855:was identified with Nisaba.
497:
7:
4317:Streck, Michael P. (2013),
4124:Peterson, Jeremiah (2020).
4083:Peterson, Jeremiah (2019).
4054:Peterson, Jeremiah (2009).
3897:Krebernik, Manfred (2013),
3878:Krebernik, Manfred (2011),
3860:Krebernik, Manfred (2005),
3822:Krebernik, Manfred (1998),
3592:. Academic Press Fribourg.
1500:Ninlil appears in the myth
1353:Sud's main cult center was
1070:in Mesopotamian tradition.
788:, the Nippur god list, the
610:("wagon") corresponding to
10:
5051:
4394:Tugendhaft, Aaron (2016).
4342:Archiv für Orientforschung
4319:"Šuruppag A. Philologisch"
4060:. Münster: Ugarit Verlag.
3762:George, Andrew R. (2015).
3735:George, Andrew R. (1993).
3673:. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag.
1493:
1453:which forms a part of the
1136:
878:Ninurta's Return to Nippur
862:Enmerkar and En-suhgir-ana
701:
457:According to the god list
436:name Mullil (derived from
4976:
4928:
4837:
4761:
4720:
4709:
4675:
4233:Schwemer, Daniel (2001).
3955:Babylonian creation myths
1611:-Suen's Journey to Nippur
1449:, the protagonist of the
916:bēlti šinnat Anum u Dagan
796:god list, Old Babylonian
767:
444:being the Emesal form of
307:In Syrian cities such as
185:
175:
165:
160:
93:
83:
69:
64:
41:
33:
26:
21:
4522:"Nergal A. Philological"
4415:Viano, Maurizio (2016).
4262:Sharlach, Tonia (2005).
4095:(1). De Gruyter: 48–61.
3803:Hilgert, Markus (2014),
3696:Gadotti, Alhena (2009).
1276:Joan Goodnick Westenholz
1019:) of Shuruppak from the
971:
215:regarded as the wife of
4556:Zólyomi, Gabor (2010).
4375:Taracha, Piotr (2009).
3556:Archi, Alfonso (2015).
3517:Archi, Alfonso (2004).
1117:A trilingual list from
519:was entrusted with the
365:
5030:Mesopotamian goddesses
4458:Wang, Xianhua (2011).
1350:
1146:
735:inscriptions from the
600:Mesopotamian astronomy
545:(ETCSL 4.80.1. in the
4505:. STYX Publications.
4029:10.1515/9781646020119
3665:Feliu, Lluís (2007).
3636:Feliu, Lluís (2003).
3566:10.1515/9781614517887
3558:Ebla and Its Archives
2148:Pongratz-Leisten 2015
1473:Canonical Temple List
1348:
1335:Canonical Temple List
1280:Marduk-apla-iddina II
1155:Early Dynastic Period
1144:
774:Early Dynastic Period
635:Early Dynastic period
247:, who was likely her
37:Sud, Kutušar, Mullilu
4769:Dumuzid the Shepherd
4142:10.1515/za-2020-0025
4101:10.1515/za-2019-0002
1467:and either Enlil or
358:from cities such as
213:Mesopotamian goddess
16:Mesopotamian goddess
4762:Other major deities
4280:10.1086/JCS40025987
3464:, pp. 386–387.
3401:, pp. 443–444.
3254:, pp. 146–147.
3037:Such-Gutiérrez 2005
2717:, pp. 329–330.
2705:, pp. 177–178.
2585:, pp. 125–126.
2414:, pp. 162–163.
2206:, pp. 140–141.
2100:, pp. 125–126.
1957:, pp. 208–209.
1523:Ninlil's status in
647:, but in the older
622:and other sources.
508:Third Dynasty of Ur
404:sources spelled as
340:Neo-Assyrian Empire
251:(attendant deity).
227:or the warrior god
186:Assyrian equivalent
176:Ugaritic equivalent
4669:Sumerian mythology
1518:Wilfred G. Lambert
1461:Nippurian Taboos 3
1351:
1147:
1074:Ninlil and Shalash
708:From the reign of
698:Assyrian reception
354:or local forms of
5017:
5016:
4676:Primordial beings
4571:978-0-903472-28-9
4512:978-90-56-93005-9
4471:978-3-86835-052-4
4428:978-88-6969-077-8
4246:978-3-447-04456-1
4170:978-1-61451-426-8
4136:(1). De Gruyter.
4067:978-3-86835-019-7
4038:978-1-64602-011-9
3993:978-84-9168-237-0
3964:978-1-57506-861-9
3680:978-3-934628-32-8
3620:978-84-9168-237-0
3599:978-3-7278-1738-0
3575:978-1-61451-716-0
3072:, pp. 10–11.
2729:, pp. 84–85.
2609:, pp. 92–93.
2458:, pp. 58–59.
2283:, pp. 87–90.
2194:, pp. 43–44.
1879:, pp. 74–76.
1721:, pp. 89–90.
1697:, pp. 14–15.
1619:Manfred Krebernik
1580:dingir mu nu-tuku
1456:Epic of Gilgamesh
1436:Inanna of Zabalam
1411:Isin-Larsa period
1239:Archaic City List
828:, respectively).
710:Tiglath-Pileser I
678:Hurrian reception
477:Manfred Krebernik
199:
198:
166:Syrian equivalent
42:Major cult center
5042:
4929:Demons, spirits,
4715:
4662:
4655:
4648:
4639:
4638:
4623:The Temple Hymns
4596:Enlil and Ninlil
4583:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4516:
4497:
4491:
4483:
4454:
4448:
4440:
4411:
4390:
4379:. Harrassowitz.
4371:
4369:
4368:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4258:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4189:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4153:
4120:
4079:
4050:
4015:
4014:
4013:
3997:
3976:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3799:
3758:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3692:
3661:
3632:
3603:
3591:
3579:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3504:
3498:
3492:
3486:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3441:
3435:
3426:
3420:
3414:
3408:
3402:
3396:
3390:
3384:
3367:
3361:
3355:
3349:
3343:
3337:
3331:
3325:
3310:
3304:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3273:
3267:
3264:Wiggermann 1998a
3261:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3216:
3210:
3204:
3198:
3192:
3186:
3180:
3174:
3168:
3162:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3102:
3096:
3090:
3084:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3040:
3034:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2951:
2945:
2939:
2933:
2924:
2918:
2912:
2906:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2855:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2568:
2562:
2556:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2515:
2502:
2496:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2430:
2424:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2350:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2255:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2166:
2160:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2116:
2110:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2072:
2066:
2049:
2043:
2026:
2020:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1853:
1847:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1770:
1764:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1627:
1548:Enlil and Ninlil
1542:, also known as
1525:Enlil and Ninlil
1502:Enlil and Ninlil
1496:Enlil and Ninlil
1489:Enlil and Ninlil
1368:theophoric names
1131:Hurrian language
1108:Weidner god list
947:Enlil and Ninlil
922:. By extension,
845:Enlil and Ninlil
786:Weidner god list
753:Ishtar of Arbela
649:Weidner god list
485:
329:Hurrian religion
323:, the spouse of
280:Enlil and Ninlil
207:
140:Enlil and Ninlil
19:
18:
5050:
5049:
5045:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5039:
5035:Hurrian deities
5020:
5019:
5018:
5013:
4972:
4930:
4924:
4833:
4757:
4721:Primary deities
4716:
4707:
4671:
4666:
4591:
4586:
4572:
4548:
4546:
4530:
4528:
4513:
4485:
4484:
4472:
4442:
4441:
4429:
4387:
4366:
4364:
4328:
4326:
4308:
4306:
4247:
4224:
4222:
4204:10.2307/4200556
4175:
4173:
4171:
4068:
4039:
4011:
4009:
3994:
3965:
3945:
3943:
3927:
3925:
3908:
3906:
3889:
3887:
3870:
3868:
3852:
3850:
3833:
3831:
3814:
3812:
3747:
3726:
3724:
3681:
3650:
3621:
3600:
3589:
3576:
3547:
3545:
3512:
3507:
3499:
3495:
3487:
3480:
3472:
3468:
3460:
3456:
3448:
3444:
3436:
3429:
3421:
3417:
3409:
3405:
3397:
3393:
3385:
3370:
3362:
3358:
3350:
3346:
3338:
3334:
3326:
3313:
3305:
3294:
3286:
3282:
3274:
3270:
3262:
3258:
3250:
3246:
3238:
3234:
3226:
3219:
3211:
3207:
3199:
3195:
3187:
3183:
3175:
3171:
3163:
3156:
3148:
3144:
3136:
3132:
3124:
3120:
3112:
3105:
3097:
3093:
3085:
3076:
3068:
3064:
3056:
3043:
3035:
3026:
3018:
3014:
3006:
3002:
2994:
2990:
2982:
2978:
2970:
2966:
2958:
2954:
2946:
2942:
2934:
2927:
2919:
2915:
2907:
2900:
2892:
2888:
2880:
2876:
2868:
2864:
2856:
2849:
2841:
2837:
2829:
2825:
2817:
2813:
2805:
2801:
2793:
2786:
2778:
2774:
2766:
2762:
2754:
2750:
2742:
2733:
2725:
2721:
2713:
2709:
2703:Tugendhaft 2016
2701:
2697:
2691:Tugendhaft 2016
2689:
2685:
2677:
2673:
2665:
2661:
2653:
2649:
2641:
2637:
2629:
2625:
2617:
2613:
2605:
2601:
2593:
2589:
2581:
2577:
2569:
2565:
2559:Krebernik 1998a
2557:
2536:
2528:
2524:
2516:
2505:
2497:
2486:
2478:
2474:
2466:
2462:
2456:Westenholz 1997
2454:
2450:
2442:
2433:
2425:
2418:
2410:
2406:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2382:
2374:
2370:
2364:Wiggermann 1998
2362:
2353:
2345:
2341:
2333:
2326:
2318:
2314:
2306:
2299:
2293:Wiggermann 1998
2291:
2287:
2279:
2275:
2269:Krebernik 1998a
2267:
2258:
2250:
2246:
2238:
2234:
2226:
2222:
2214:
2210:
2202:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2178:
2169:
2161:
2154:
2146:
2142:
2136:Krebernik 1998a
2134:
2119:
2111:
2104:
2096:
2092:
2084:
2075:
2067:
2052:
2044:
2029:
2021:
2012:
2004:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1973:
1965:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1941:
1934:
1926:
1922:
1914:
1910:
1902:
1898:
1890:
1883:
1875:
1871:
1863:
1856:
1850:Krebernik 1998a
1848:
1837:
1831:Krebernik 2013a
1829:
1825:
1819:Krebernik 1998a
1817:
1806:
1798:
1794:
1788:Krebernik 1998a
1786:
1773:
1765:
1758:
1752:Krebernik 1998a
1750:
1746:
1740:Krebernik 1998a
1738:
1725:
1717:
1713:
1705:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1683:Krebernik 1998a
1681:
1677:
1673:
1621:
1604:
1544:Marriage of Sud
1536:
1498:
1492:
1485:
1343:
1265:Kassite dynasty
1191:Kassite dynasty
1171:Sargonic period
1139:
1076:
1021:Sargonic period
974:
826:
819:
811:
802:forerunner and
770:
765:
706:
700:
680:
631:
570:
502:As the wife of
500:
479:
368:
282:, the god list
223:, the moon god
156:
60:
29:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5048:
5038:
5037:
5032:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4934:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4841:
4839:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4724:
4722:
4718:
4717:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4672:
4665:
4664:
4657:
4650:
4642:
4636:
4635:
4627:
4619:
4611:
4603:
4590:
4589:External links
4587:
4585:
4584:
4570:
4553:
4535:
4517:
4511:
4498:
4470:
4455:
4427:
4412:
4391:
4386:978-3447058858
4385:
4372:
4333:
4314:
4259:
4245:
4230:
4181:
4169:
4154:
4121:
4080:
4066:
4051:
4037:
4016:
3998:
3992:
3977:
3963:
3950:
3932:
3913:
3894:
3875:
3857:
3838:
3819:
3800:
3780:10.1086/679387
3759:
3745:
3732:
3693:
3679:
3662:
3648:
3633:
3619:
3604:
3598:
3580:
3574:
3560:. De Gruyter.
3553:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3503:, p. 242.
3501:Krebernik 2013
3493:
3478:
3476:, p. 387.
3474:Krebernik 1998
3466:
3462:Krebernik 1998
3454:
3452:, p. 453.
3442:
3440:, p. 446.
3427:
3425:, p. 448.
3415:
3413:, p. 445.
3403:
3391:
3389:, p. 443.
3368:
3366:, p. 421.
3356:
3344:
3342:, p. 423.
3332:
3330:, p. 145.
3311:
3309:, p. 147.
3292:
3280:
3268:
3266:, p. 330.
3256:
3244:
3232:
3230:, p. 194.
3217:
3205:
3193:
3181:
3179:, p. 286.
3169:
3167:, p. 334.
3154:
3152:, p. 143.
3142:
3140:, p. 141.
3130:
3118:
3116:, p. 110.
3103:
3091:
3074:
3062:
3041:
3024:
3012:
3000:
2998:, p. 122.
2988:
2986:, p. 124.
2976:
2974:, p. 171.
2964:
2962:, p. 101.
2952:
2940:
2938:, p. 134.
2925:
2913:
2898:
2886:
2884:, p. 151.
2874:
2862:
2860:, p. 183.
2847:
2845:, p. 161.
2835:
2823:
2821:, p. 127.
2811:
2809:, p. 148.
2799:
2797:, p. 117.
2784:
2782:, p. 106.
2772:
2770:, p. 153.
2760:
2758:, p. 101.
2748:
2746:, p. 112.
2731:
2719:
2707:
2695:
2693:, p. 175.
2683:
2681:, p. 302.
2671:
2669:, p. 246.
2659:
2657:, p. 294.
2647:
2645:, p. 230.
2635:
2633:, p. 289.
2623:
2621:, p. 634.
2611:
2599:
2597:, p. 126.
2587:
2575:
2573:, p. 151.
2563:
2561:, p. 457.
2534:
2532:, p. 165.
2522:
2520:, p. 125.
2503:
2484:
2472:
2460:
2448:
2446:, p. 112.
2431:
2416:
2412:Krebernik 2005
2404:
2402:, p. 427.
2392:
2390:, p. 163.
2388:Krebernik 2005
2380:
2368:
2366:, p. 330.
2351:
2339:
2324:
2322:, p. 172.
2312:
2310:, p. 389.
2297:
2295:, p. 219.
2285:
2273:
2271:, p. 458.
2256:
2244:
2232:
2220:
2208:
2196:
2184:
2167:
2165:, p. 400.
2163:Krebernik 2011
2152:
2150:, p. 418.
2140:
2138:, p. 456.
2117:
2115:, p. 126.
2102:
2090:
2088:, p. 322.
2073:
2050:
2048:, p. 146.
2027:
2010:
2008:, p. 134.
1998:
1996:, p. 133.
1986:
1984:, p. 116.
1971:
1969:, p. 280.
1959:
1947:
1932:
1920:
1918:, p. 423.
1908:
1906:, p. 422.
1896:
1894:, p. 419.
1881:
1869:
1854:
1852:, p. 460.
1835:
1833:, p. 269.
1823:
1821:, p. 455.
1804:
1792:
1790:, p. 454.
1771:
1756:
1754:, p. 459.
1744:
1742:, p. 453.
1723:
1711:
1699:
1687:
1685:, p. 452.
1674:
1672:
1669:
1603:
1600:
1535:
1530:
1494:Main article:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1477:Kassite period
1378:, such as the
1342:
1339:
1187:Burnaburiash I
1138:
1135:
1075:
1072:
1002:Neo-Babylonian
973:
970:
900:Shamshi-Adad V
824:
817:
809:
792:god list, the
769:
766:
764:
761:
755:and Ishtar of
702:Main article:
699:
696:
679:
676:
630:
629:Ninlil and Sud
627:
604:constellations
578:Old Babylonian
574:ta-am-kart-tum
568:
537:mother of gods
499:
496:
367:
364:
278:, in the myth
197:
196:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
158:
157:
155:
154:
144:
132:
126:
116:
97:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
71:
67:
66:
62:
61:
59:
58:
52:
45:
43:
39:
38:
35:
31:
30:
27:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5047:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4977:Mortal heroes
4975:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4927:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4838:Minor deities
4836:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4760:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4719:
4714:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4663:
4658:
4656:
4651:
4649:
4644:
4643:
4640:
4633:
4632:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4607:Enlil and Sud
4604:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4592:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4554:
4545:
4541:
4536:
4527:
4523:
4518:
4514:
4508:
4504:
4499:
4495:
4489:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4467:
4463:
4462:
4456:
4452:
4446:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4424:
4420:
4419:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4392:
4388:
4382:
4378:
4373:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4344:(in German).
4343:
4339:
4334:
4324:
4320:
4315:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4242:
4238:
4237:
4231:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4188:
4182:
4172:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4063:
4059:
4058:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4017:
4008:
4004:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3960:
3956:
3951:
3942:
3938:
3933:
3923:
3919:
3914:
3904:
3900:
3895:
3885:
3881:
3876:
3867:
3863:
3862:"Pabilsaĝ(a)"
3858:
3848:
3844:
3839:
3829:
3825:
3824:"Nin-irigala"
3820:
3810:
3806:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3746:0-931464-80-3
3742:
3738:
3733:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3649:90-04-13158-2
3645:
3641:
3640:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3612:
3611:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3588:
3587:
3581:
3577:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3554:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3515:
3514:
3502:
3497:
3490:
3485:
3483:
3475:
3470:
3463:
3458:
3451:
3446:
3439:
3434:
3432:
3424:
3419:
3412:
3407:
3400:
3395:
3388:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3365:
3360:
3354:, p. 41.
3353:
3348:
3341:
3336:
3329:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3308:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3290:, p. 81.
3289:
3284:
3278:, p. 79.
3277:
3272:
3265:
3260:
3253:
3248:
3242:, p. 73.
3241:
3236:
3229:
3224:
3222:
3215:, p. 37.
3214:
3209:
3202:
3197:
3191:, p. 22.
3190:
3185:
3178:
3173:
3166:
3161:
3159:
3151:
3146:
3139:
3134:
3128:, p. 17.
3127:
3122:
3115:
3110:
3108:
3101:, p. 75.
3100:
3095:
3089:, p. 11.
3088:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3071:
3066:
3060:, p. 10.
3059:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3039:, p. 31.
3038:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3022:, p. 56.
3021:
3016:
3010:, p. 58.
3009:
3004:
2997:
2992:
2985:
2980:
2973:
2968:
2961:
2956:
2950:, p. 90.
2949:
2944:
2937:
2932:
2930:
2923:, p. 41.
2922:
2917:
2911:, p. 49.
2910:
2909:Peterson 2019
2905:
2903:
2896:, p. 22.
2895:
2894:Sharlach 2005
2890:
2883:
2878:
2872:, p. 27.
2871:
2866:
2859:
2854:
2852:
2844:
2839:
2833:, p. 65.
2832:
2827:
2820:
2815:
2808:
2803:
2796:
2791:
2789:
2781:
2776:
2769:
2764:
2757:
2752:
2745:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2728:
2723:
2716:
2711:
2704:
2699:
2692:
2687:
2680:
2675:
2668:
2663:
2656:
2651:
2644:
2639:
2632:
2627:
2620:
2615:
2608:
2603:
2596:
2595:Peterson 2020
2591:
2584:
2583:Peterson 2020
2579:
2572:
2567:
2560:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2531:
2526:
2519:
2518:Peterson 2020
2514:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2501:, p. 15.
2500:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2482:, p. 52.
2481:
2476:
2470:, p. 49.
2469:
2464:
2457:
2452:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2429:, p. 54.
2428:
2423:
2421:
2413:
2408:
2401:
2396:
2389:
2384:
2378:, p. 90.
2377:
2376:Schwemer 2001
2372:
2365:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2349:, p. 59.
2348:
2347:Peterson 2019
2343:
2337:, p. 83.
2336:
2331:
2329:
2321:
2316:
2309:
2304:
2302:
2294:
2289:
2282:
2277:
2270:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2254:, p. 67.
2253:
2248:
2242:, p. 83.
2241:
2236:
2230:, p. 69.
2229:
2224:
2218:, p. 60.
2217:
2216:Peterson 2019
2212:
2205:
2200:
2193:
2188:
2182:, p. 42.
2181:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2164:
2159:
2157:
2149:
2144:
2137:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2114:
2109:
2107:
2099:
2094:
2087:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2071:, p. 77.
2070:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2007:
2002:
1995:
1990:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1968:
1963:
1956:
1951:
1945:, p. 92.
1944:
1943:Peterson 2009
1939:
1937:
1930:, p. 63.
1929:
1924:
1917:
1912:
1905:
1900:
1893:
1888:
1886:
1878:
1873:
1867:, p. 66.
1866:
1861:
1859:
1851:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1832:
1827:
1820:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1802:, p. 72.
1801:
1800:Peterson 2009
1796:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1769:, p. 80.
1768:
1763:
1761:
1753:
1748:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1720:
1715:
1709:, p. 14.
1708:
1703:
1696:
1691:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1610:
1599:
1597:
1596:Enlil and Sud
1592:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1562:and possibly
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1540:Enlil and Sud
1534:
1533:Enlil and Sud
1529:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1490:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1347:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1257:Dur-Kurigalzu
1253:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1224:Puzrish-Dagan
1220:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1167:Ur III period
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1143:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1078:The god list
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
969:
967:
963:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
931:
929:
926:(Ishtar) and
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
884:
879:
875:
870:
868:
864:
863:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
833:Enlil and Sud
829:
827:
820:
813:
805:
801:
800:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
760:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
705:
695:
693:
689:
685:
684:primeval gods
675:
673:
669:
665:
664:Bulluṭsa-rabi
661:
656:
654:
650:
646:
645:
640:
636:
626:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
596:
594:
590:
589:cylinder seal
586:
585:theriomorphic
581:
579:
575:
571:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
543:
538:
533:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
509:
505:
495:
493:
489:
483:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
461:
455:
453:
449:
448:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
379:Ur III period
376:
373:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
286:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
264:Enlil and Sud
261:
257:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
203:
195:
192:and possibly
191:
188:
184:
181:
178:
174:
171:
168:
164:
159:
152:
148:
145:
142:
141:
137:(in the myth
136:
133:
130:
127:
124:
120:
117:
114:
110:
106:
102:
99:
98:
96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
79:
75:
72:
68:
63:
56:
53:
50:
47:
46:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:Wife of Enlil
25:
20:
4931:and monsters
4813:
4634:in the ETCSL
4629:
4626:in the ETCSL
4621:
4618:in the ETCSL
4613:
4610:in the ETCSL
4605:
4594:
4561:
4547:, retrieved
4543:
4529:, retrieved
4525:
4502:
4460:
4417:
4399:
4376:
4365:. Retrieved
4345:
4341:
4327:, retrieved
4322:
4307:. Retrieved
4271:
4267:
4235:
4223:. Retrieved
4195:
4191:
4174:. Retrieved
4159:
4133:
4129:
4092:
4088:
4056:
4020:
4010:, retrieved
4006:
3982:
3954:
3944:, retrieved
3940:
3926:, retrieved
3921:
3918:"Šukurru(m)"
3907:, retrieved
3902:
3888:, retrieved
3883:
3869:, retrieved
3865:
3851:, retrieved
3846:
3832:, retrieved
3827:
3813:, retrieved
3808:
3771:
3767:
3736:
3725:. Retrieved
3705:
3701:
3670:
3638:
3609:
3585:
3557:
3546:. Retrieved
3526:
3522:
3510:Bibliography
3496:
3491:, p. 7.
3469:
3457:
3450:Lambert 2017
3445:
3418:
3406:
3394:
3359:
3347:
3335:
3288:Gadotti 2009
3283:
3276:Gadotti 2009
3271:
3259:
3247:
3240:Gadotti 2009
3235:
3228:Lambert 2013
3208:
3203:, p. 6.
3196:
3184:
3177:Lambert 2013
3172:
3145:
3133:
3126:Metcalf 2019
3121:
3094:
3087:Metcalf 2019
3070:Metcalf 2019
3065:
3058:Metcalf 2019
3015:
3003:
2991:
2979:
2967:
2955:
2943:
2916:
2889:
2877:
2865:
2858:Hilgert 2014
2838:
2826:
2814:
2802:
2775:
2763:
2751:
2722:
2710:
2698:
2686:
2674:
2662:
2650:
2638:
2626:
2614:
2602:
2590:
2578:
2566:
2525:
2499:Metcalf 2019
2475:
2463:
2451:
2407:
2400:Zólyomi 2010
2395:
2383:
2371:
2342:
2315:
2308:Lambert 1983
2288:
2276:
2247:
2235:
2223:
2211:
2199:
2187:
2143:
2113:Taracha 2009
2098:Taracha 2009
2093:
2025:, p. 9.
2023:Metcalf 2019
2001:
1989:
1962:
1950:
1923:
1916:Zólyomi 2010
1911:
1904:Zólyomi 2010
1899:
1892:Zólyomi 2010
1872:
1826:
1795:
1747:
1714:
1702:
1690:
1678:
1654:
1607:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1588:Jeremy Black
1583:
1579:
1568:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1532:
1524:
1522:
1510:Nunbaršegunu
1501:
1499:
1488:
1472:
1460:
1454:
1444:
1415:
1394:Isin dynasty
1390:
1379:
1376:Abu Salabikh
1352:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1295:
1283:
1273:
1254:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1221:
1204:Damiq-ilishu
1148:
1116:
1079:
1077:
1044:
1035:
1033:
1014:
1009:
990:astronomical
985:
975:
959:
946:
932:
915:
881:
877:
871:
860:
852:
849:Nunbaršegunu
844:
832:
830:
822:
815:
807:
803:
797:
778:Abu Salabikh
771:
749:Ashurbanipal
726:
722:Neo-Assyrian
707:
681:
662:composed by
660:Hymn to Gula
659:
657:
642:
632:
624:
607:
597:
582:
573:
566:
562:
558:
550:
542:Temple Hymns
540:
534:
501:
487:
473:su-kur-ru-um
472:
458:
456:
451:
445:
441:
437:
421:
413:
402:Neo-Assyrian
395:
390:
386:
382:
369:
337:
306:
283:
279:
276:Nunbaršegunu
263:
255:
253:
201:
200:
138:
4855:Geshtinanna
4809:Ningishzida
4464:. Münster.
4421:. Venezia.
4325:(in German)
3924:(in German)
3905:(in German)
3886:(in German)
3849:(in German)
3830:(in German)
3811:(in German)
3489:George 2015
3201:George 1993
3189:George 1993
3165:Streck 2013
3150:George 1993
3138:George 1993
3114:George 1993
3099:George 1993
2996:George 1993
2972:George 1993
2960:George 1993
2948:George 1993
2936:George 1993
2882:George 1993
2843:George 1993
2831:George 1993
2819:George 1993
2807:George 1993
2795:George 1993
2780:George 1993
2768:George 1993
2744:George 1993
2571:McEwan 1998
2480:George 1993
2468:George 1993
2427:George 1993
2192:Porter 2004
2180:Porter 2004
1622: [
1602:Other myths
1584:mu gal tuku
1447:Utnapishtim
1314:Belet Eanna
1261:Kurigalzu I
1100:logographic
1068:great flood
992:compendium
480: [
469:syncretised
235:and nearby
161:Equivalents
34:Other names
5024:Categories
5004:Lugalbanda
4895:Nimintabba
4865:Hushbishag
4774:Ereshkigal
4693:Enmesharra
4549:2022-05-26
4531:2022-05-23
4367:2022-05-23
4329:2022-05-28
4309:2022-05-23
4225:2022-05-28
4176:2022-05-26
4012:2022-05-25
4003:"Nanibgal"
3946:2022-05-23
3928:2022-05-26
3909:2022-05-24
3890:2022-05-24
3871:2022-05-25
3853:2022-05-25
3834:2022-05-23
3815:2022-05-25
3727:2022-05-28
3629:1193017085
3548:2022-05-28
3523:Orientalia
3438:Civil 2017
3423:Civil 2017
3411:Civil 2017
3399:Civil 2017
3387:Civil 2017
3364:Civil 2017
3352:Viano 2016
3340:Civil 2017
3213:Viano 2016
2715:Archi 2004
2679:Feliu 2003
2667:Feliu 2003
2655:Feliu 2003
2643:Feliu 2003
2631:Feliu 2003
2619:Archi 2015
2607:Feliu 2007
2320:Feliu 2003
2086:Archi 2004
1671:References
1560:Sultantepe
1465:Enmesharra
1451:flood myth
1402:Enlil-bani
1381:Zame Hymns
1300:temple of
1288:syncretism
1179:Ur-Ninurta
1053:refers to
1038:, were an
986:ḫé-gál-a-a
939:Ereshkigal
716:head god,
639:syncretism
612:Ursa Major
608:mar-gíd-da
593:Nintinugga
521:underworld
467:, who was
396:A variant
290:Syncretism
4999:Gilgamesh
4890:Ninsianna
4860:Gugalanna
4819:Ninshubur
4748:Ninhursag
4580:612335579
4540:"Nin-azu"
4488:cite book
4480:712921671
4445:cite book
4437:965932920
4354:0066-6440
4304:157934313
4288:0022-0256
4212:0021-0889
4150:1613-1150
4117:199546991
4109:0084-5299
4076:460044951
4047:241160992
3973:861537250
3937:"Kutušar"
3796:161546618
3788:0022-2968
3714:0003-0279
3689:191759910
3535:0030-5367
2727:Wang 2011
2335:Wang 2011
2204:Wang 2011
1719:Wang 2011
1707:Wang 2011
1695:Wang 2011
1615:Ninirigal
1483:Mythology
1396:, namely
1355:Shuruppak
1263:from the
1250:Ninshubur
1232:Ninhursag
1208:Rim-Sîn I
1173:. In the
1129:" in the
1114:instead.
1112:Ninhursag
1080:An = Anum
1064:Shuruppak
1036:An = Anum
976:Ninlil's
943:Gugalanna
888:Ninhursag
853:An = Anum
831:The myth
808:ḫi-li šag
804:An = Anum
799:An = Anum
724:sources.
644:An = Anum
559:tamkartum
539:. In the
498:Character
465:Shuruppak
460:An = Anum
426:Herodotus
416:, and in
412:texts as
387:ni-in-lil
375:cuneiform
285:An = Anum
260:Shuruppak
113:Ninhursag
65:Genealogy
55:Shuruppak
5009:Ziusudra
4989:Enmerkar
4958:Mušḫuššu
4779:Ishtaran
4362:41670228
4296:40025987
4255:48145544
3880:"Šerū'a"
3843:"Ninlil"
3805:"Tummal"
3755:27813103
3722:40593869
3658:52107444
3543:43078173
1398:Bur-Suen
1292:ziggurat
1212:Ur-Nammu
1055:Asalluhi
1047:Bur-Suen
1011:Ninĝidru
994:MUL.APIN
966:Ninisina
962:Pabilsaĝ
951:Enbilulu
912:Akkadian
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3899:"Sudaĝ"
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1406:erosion
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