List of Mesopotamian deities

1666: 5105: 6209: 6546: 1474: 6178: 5561: 7022: 6261: 6378: 3386: 5786: 4944: 700:, though the evidence has been described as “circumstantial” by Francesco Pomponio. He later became associated with wisdom and agriculture. In the Old Babylonian and early Kassite periods his cult was only popular in central Mesopotamia (Babylon, Sippar, Kish, Dilbat, Lagaba), had a limited extent in peripheral areas (Susa in Elam, Mari in Syria) and there is little to no evidence of it from cities such as Ur and Nippur, in sharp contrast with later evidence. In the first millennium BCE he became one of the most prominent gods of Babylonia. In Assyria his prominence grew in the eighth and seventh centuries BCE. In Kalhu and Nineveh he eventually became more common in personal names than the Assyrian head god Ashur. He also replaced Ninurta as the main god of Kalhu. In the Neo-Babylonian periods some inscriptions of kings such as 897: 4277: 1023: 671: 428: 1600: 2374: 953: 1181: 5755: 5969: 1462:

protective goddesses capable of interceding on behalf of humans. She shared these roles with Ninshubur. She was closely associated with Inanna/Ishtar, though not identical to her as the two often appear side by side in the same texts: for example in Larsa Inanna, Nanaya and Ninsianna all functioned as distinct deities, while in god lists Nanaya appears among Inanna's courtiers, usually following Dumuzi and Ninshubur. In late sources Nanaya and Ishtar sometimes appear as goddesses of equal status. In neo-Babylonian Uruk she was one of the most important deities, and retained this status under Persian rule as well. There is also evidence for her worship continuing in Seleucid and Parthian times, as late as 45 CE.

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second phase, which occurred in the third millennium BC, the divine hierarchy became more structured and deified kings began to enter the pantheon. During the third phase, in the second millennium BC, the gods worshipped by an individual person and gods associated with the commoners became more prevalent. During the fourth and final phase, in the first millennium BC, the gods became closely associated with specific human empires and rulers. The names of over 3,000 Mesopotamian deities have been recovered from cuneiform texts. Many of these are from lengthy lists of deities compiled by ancient Mesopotamian scribes. The longest of these lists is a text entitled

787: 30: 4654: 61: 196:(rather than Mesopotamian) sources, in which the term was applied to a class of distinct, Hurrian, gods instead. Anunnaki are chiefly mentioned in literary texts and very little evidence to support the existence of any distinct cult of them has yet been unearthed due to the fact that each deity which could be regarded as a member of the Anunnaki had his or her own individual cult, separate from the others. Similarly, no representations of the Anunnaki as a distinct group have yet been discovered, although a few depictions of its frequent individual members have been identified. Another similar collective term for deities was 6086: 826: 1326:. In Mesopotamia these two gods started to merge in the Sargonic period, and it seems it was already impossible to find a clear distinction between them in the Ur III period. While northern texts put an emphasis on the benevolent character of the weather god as a bringer of rain, in the south he was often associated with destructive weather phenomena, including dust storms, though even there he was credited with making plant growth possible in areas which weren't irrigated. He was regarded as the son of An, though less commonly he was also referred to as a son of Enlil. His wife was 1443: 4608: 5663: 1626:("vizier"), a type of deity serving as another's personal attendant. Her mistress was Inanna. Many texts indicate they were regarded very close to each other, with one going as far as listing Ninshubur with the title "beloved vizier," before Inanna's relatives other than her husband Dumuzi. She consistently appears as the first among Inanna's courtiers in god lists, usually followed by another commonly worshiped deity, Nanaya. She was portrayed as capable of "appeasing" Inanna, and as "unshakably loyal" in her devotion to her. In the Sumerian myth of 1069: 5494: 1095:. In addition to being the god of shepherds, Dumuzid was also an agricultural deity associated with the growth of plants. Ancient Near Eastern peoples associated Dumuzid with the springtime, when the land was fertile and abundant, but, during the summer months, when the land was dry and barren, it was thought that Dumuzid had "died". During the month of Dumuzid, which fell in the middle of summer, people all across Sumer would mourn over his death. An enormous number of popular stories circulated throughout the Near East surrounding his death. 6516: 6441:. Known festivals dedicated to them have been described as "lugubrious" by researchers, and included a "wailing ceremony," "the festival of chains" and a celebration known only as "place of disappearance." It has been proposed that these rituals might reflect an unknown myth about descent to the underworld or perhaps capture of these two deities. They almost always appear as a pair, though sporadic references to Belet-Šuḫnir alone are known from Mesopotamian documents, while Belet-Terraban is attested on her own in Susa during the reign of 4533: 5934:, etc.) or as astral or atmosphetic spirits serving the gods, or as a combination of some of the above. The Elamite goddess Narundi was regarded as their sister in Mesopotamia. While destructive, the Sebitti weren't necessarily regarded as evil. They played an apotropaic role, appearing for example in rituals meant to protect houses from demons. In apotropaic contexts they were described as armed with hatchets. A possibly analogous group, additionally identified with the Pleiades, is described as Inanna's "seven-headed mace" in one text. 376: 5823: 5856: 4232: 1532:. He was closely associated with the Underworld, and some researchers go as far as proposing he was the oldest Mesopotamian god associated with it, though it is most likely more accurate to say that there was initially no single universally agreed upon version of relevant mythical and cultic concepts, with various deities, both male and female, ruling over the Underworld in the belief systems of various areas and time periods. Ninazu was also a Ninurta-like warrior god, as well as the "king of snakes." He was worshipped in 1702:. There is little direct evidence for temples (in Nippur she was worshiped in the temple of her daughter Ninlil) and clergy of Nisaba, but literary texts were commonly ended with the doxology "praise to Nisaba!" or other invocations of her. The term "house of wisdom of Nisaba" attested in many texts was likely a generic term for institutions connected to writing. Her importance started to decline (especially outside the scribal circles) after the Old Babylonian period, though attestations as late as from the reign of 5883: 6875: 6645: 480: 3824:. They were regarded as guardians of doorways and they may have originally been envisioned as a set of twins guarding the gates of the Underworld, who chopped the dead into pieces as they passed through the gates. During the Neo-Assyrian period, small depictions of them would be buried at entrances, with Lugal-irra always on the left and Meslamta-ea always on the right. They are identical and are shown wearing horned caps and each holding an axe and a mace. They are identified with the constellation 5608: 6670:. His assistants were Lagamar and Ishmekarab, whose names have Akkadian origin and who were originally worshiped in Mesopotamia. Frans Wiggermann proposes that Inshushinak and the Mesopotamian gods Ishtaran, Ninazu, Ningishzida and Tishpak can be collectively described as "Transtigridian snake gods" existing on the boundary between Elamite and Mesopotamian culture based on their shared connection to judgment, the afterlife and snakes, as well as similar locations of their major cult centers. 6905: 1242: 583: 2823: 7162: 3878:). Gianni Marchesi describes him as "gendarme demon par excellence." He was regarded as a figure of low rank, serving under other deities, but nonetheless capable of rewarding righteousness. The goddess Ninmug was his mother according to the text of a Sumerian lamentation. It has been proposed that he was originally a deified human ruler. Similar origin has been proposed for a number of other gods of similar character, such as Ḫadaniš (who shares his name with a king of 744: 624: 6457: 24603: 6846: 6981: 6719: 6130: 4785: 24591: 5844:. Although Lamashtu has traditionally been identified as a demoness, the fact that she could cause evil on her own without the permission of other deities strongly indicates that she was seen as a goddess in her own right. Mesopotamian peoples protected against her using amulets and talismans. She was believed to ride in her boat on the river of the Underworld and she was associated with donkeys. She was believed to be the daughter of An. 1302: 5629:) believed to serve the sun god Utu in Sumerian mythology, and later his Akkadian counterpart Shamash. In the Epic of Gilgamesh a scorpionman and a scorpionwoman guard the gate through which the sun rises and sets each day, but it is likely this motif existed earlier independently from this myth. Unlike most other apotropaic creatures, a male girtablullu was also often accompanied by his feminine counterpart in apotropaic rituals. 3009: 138:, which were used for transporting their cult statues by land. Sometimes a deity's cult statue would be transported to the location of a battle so that the deity could watch the battle unfold. The major deities of the Mesopotamian pantheon were believed to participate in the "assembly of the gods", through which the gods made all of their decisions. This assembly was seen as a divine counterpart to the 6504:

analogous position in corresponding pantheons, he and Enlil were partially conflated. However, Dagan had a distinct purpose in the Mesopotamian pantheon as well, as the god granting rulers control over western lands. In Nippur he shared a temple with Išḫara, though contrary to conclusions in older scholarship these two deities were not regarded as a couple, and merely shared a similar area of origin.

3810: 921:) and creation. Descriptions of her as "mother" weren't always referring to motherhood in the literal sense or to parentage of other deities, but sometimes instead represented her esteem and authority as a senior deity, similar to references to major male deities such as Enlil or Anu as "fathers." Certain mortal rulers claimed her as their mother, a phenomenon recorded as early as during the reign of 6003:

apotropaic ritual involving a figurine of uridimmu made from cedar wood prescribes praying to Marduk and Sarpanit to bestow healing powers upon the representation of the creature, and describes it as their faithful servant capable of interceding with them on behalf of humans. The ritual also states that Sarpanit makes the uridimmu well disposed towards the patient treated with apotropaic magic.

164:, a Babylonian scholarly work listing the names of over 2,000 deities. While sometimes mistakenly regarded simply as a list of Sumerian gods with their Akkadian equivalents, it was meant to provide information about the relations between individual gods, as well as short explanations of functions fulfilled by them. In addition to spouses and children of gods, it also listed their servants. 1928:. Enki and Ninki followed by a varying number of pairs of deities whose names start with "En" and "Nin" appear as Enlil's ancestors in various sources: god lists, incantations, liturgical texts, and the Sumerian composition "Death of Gilgamesh," where the eponymous hero encounters these divine ancestors in the underworld. The oldest document preserving this tradition is the Fara god list ( 1338:). In these roles he was associated with Shamash. In Zabban, a city in the northeast of Babylonia, he was regarded as the head of the local pantheon. In Assyrian sources he was closely connected to military campaigns of the kings. Kurba'il on the northern frontier of the empire was regarded as his most notable cult center in neo-Assyrian times. In god lists foreign weather gods such as 6015: 1932:). Sometimes all the ancestors were collectively called "the Enkis and the Ninkis." Enki, the ancestor of Enlil, is not to be confused with the god Enki/Ea, who is a distinct and unrelated figure. The ancestral Enki's name means "lord earth," while the meaning of the name of the god of Eridu is uncertain but not the same, as indicated by some writings including an amissable g. 6470:

Near East during the first millennium BC and are common in Syria, Palestine, and Arabia. This god's name in Assyrian and Babylonian may have been Pessû. Bes seems to have been the only Egyptian god who became widely worshipped throughout Mesopotamia. His role in Mesopotamian religion was however closer to that of a type of apotropaic creature (native examples of which include

1698:. Nisaba was the mother of the goddess Sud, syncretised with Enlil's wife Ninlil, and as a result she was regarded as his mother in law. While a less common tradition identified her as the daughter of Enlil, she was usually regarded as the daughter of Uraš, and references to Anu or Ea as her father are known from first millennium BCE literature. Her husband was the god 861:

most myths, she is usually presented as the daughter of Nanna and Ningal, but, in other stories, she is the daughter of Enki or An along with an unknown mother. The Sumerians had more myths about her than any other deity. Many of the myths involving her revolve around her attempts to usurp control of the other deities' domains. Her most famous myth is the story of her

7002:" or "Ishtar of Nineveh"). Despite her origin, the oldest known attestations of both Shaushka and her main cult center, Nineveh, come from Mesopotamian, rather than Hurrian, documents. She is attested in religious documents from the Ur III period, but her worship evidently persisted in later times too, as she appears in a list of offerings from Old Babylonian 400:. However Anu was himself described as the descendant of various primordial beings in various texts (god lists, incantations, etc.), and Enlil was often equipped with his own elaborate family tree separate from Anu's. While An was described as the utmost god, at least by the time of the earliest written records the main god in terms of actual cult was 5867:

city god of Eshnunna he also started to be associated with his serpentine symbolic animals. In the Middle Babylonian period Marduk started to be associated with the mušḫuššu, possibly in reflection of Hammurabi's conquest of Eshnunna; his son Nabu was later associated with it too. Marduk's association with it was in turn transferred to Ashur after

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and Ninhursag served as his advisers, alongside his children Utu and Inanna. Other references to Nanna holding such a position are known from personal names and various texts, with some going as far as stating he holds "Anuship and Enlilship," and Wilfred G. Lambert assumes that he was regarded as the supreme god by his clergy in Ur and Harran.

6581:). In Mesopotamian sources he appeared only sporadically in the Neo-Assyrian period, and in a commentary on the incantation series Šurpu he is equated with Enlil, most likely based on their shared role as gods who grant authority to human rulers. Past researchers sometimes incorrectly assumed he was one and the same as a distinct Elamite god, 6322:

assumed to be connected to Ishtar due to a shared epithet – however, it was applied to a wide variety of gods including Marduk and Nergal, and as such cannot serve as grounds for claims about identification of these two deities with each other, as many epithets were shared between deities not necessarily regarded as analogous to each other.

2157:. Her name is a female version of Anu's own. She was worshiped in the late first miilennium BCE in Uruk in the newly built temple complex dedicated to Anu. Her elevation alongside her husband was connected to a theological trend under Achaemenid and Seleucid rule which extended their roles at the expense of Ishtar. German classical scholar 1952:). He was sometimes regarded as the father of Enlil, or as his uncle. Texts allude to combat between Enmesharra and Enlil (or perhaps Ninurta), and his subsequent imprisonment. In some traditions it was believed that this is how Enlil gained control over destinies. In a late myth he was described as an enemy of Marduk. 5389:, "weaving." While the claim that her name means "spider" and that she was envisioned as a spider spinning a web can be found in a number of publications, recent research shows that association between Uttu and spiders is limited to a single text (a hemerology), which connects her Sumerian name with the Akkadian word 6503:

Dagan was the main god of the middle Euphrates area, regarded as a god of prosperity and "father of gods." While his cult centers were never major political powers in their own right, he was nonetheless a popular deity and his cult had international importance in the Ebla period already. Due to their

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could refer to multiple types of creatures, and both benevolent and malevolent character was assigned to them in various texts. Ugallu was depicted as a "lion demon," with the body of a man, head of a lion and bird-like claws. This class of beings was likely viewed as enforcers of divine will. Due to

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Humbaba (also Huwawa, Huppipi, Hubbubu) was a monster residing in the Cedar Forest defeated by Gilgamesh and Enkidu in the Epic of Gilgamesh. Sculptures of Humbaba's head are attested in an apotropaic role from Mesopotamian temples. Humbaba was commonly referenced in omen texts, which highlighted his

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narrating Gilgamesh's heroic exploits. The opening of the poem describes Gilgamesh as "one-third human, two-thirds divine". Very little evidence of worship of Gilgamesh comes from times later than the Old Babylonian period. A late source states that he was worshiped during ceremonies connected to the

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in one text. It has been proposed that the presence of Ama-Arhus in late theophoric names from Uruk explains why Gula appears to not be attested in them, despite being worshiped in the city. It is possible that she was merely viewed as her manifestation or synonym, as she is not otherwise attested in

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are the only deities in existence. A male-female pair, they mate and Tiamat gives birth to the first generation of gods. Ea (Enki) slays Abzu and Tiamat gives birth to eleven monsters to seek vengeance for her lover's death. Eventually, Marduk, the son of Enki and the national god of the Babylonians,

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Bes was the Egyptian god of play and recreation. He was envisioned as a "full-faced, bow-legged dwarf with an oversized head, goggle eyes, protruding tongue, bushy tail and usually a large feathered crown as a head-dress." Representations of an almost identical dwarf-god became widespread across the

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The reading of the name of this goddess, NIN.SAR (possibly to be understood as "Lady Herbs"), is uncertain, with Ninšar being favored by authors such as Andrew R. George and Wilfred G. Lambert, while Antonie Cavigneaux and Martin Krebernik argue Ninnisig is more likely to be correct. She belonged to

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Ninegal or Ninegalla, known in Akkadian as Belet Ekallim (both meaning "lady of the palace") was a minor goddess regarded as a tutelary deity of palaces of kings and other high-ranking officials. She was the wife of Urash, the city god of Dilbat, and was worshiped alongside him and their son Lagamar

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Ki was a Sumerian goddess who was the personification of the earth. In some Sumerian accounts, she is a primordial being who copulates with An to produce a variety of plants. An and Ki collectively were an object of worship in Umma and Lagash in the Ur III period, but the evidence for worship of her

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Ishum was a popular, but not very prominent god, who was worshipped from the Early Dynastic Period onwards. In a fragmentary myth, he is described as the son of Shamash and Ninlil, but he was usually the son of Shamash and his wife Aya. The former genealogy was likely the result of confusion between

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from the neo-Assyrian period attempted to merge the roles of Marduk and Anshar, which Wilfred G. Lambert described as "completely superficial in that it leaves the plot in chaos by attributing Marduk's part to his great-grandfather, without making any attempt to iron out the resulting confusion." In

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Ninlil was the wife of Enlil, the ruler of the gods. She was not associated with any city of her own, serving primarily as Enlil's spouse, and as such was probably an artificially created deity, invented as a female equivalent to Enlil. She was nonetheless regarded as having power on par with Enlil;

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and one of his most prominent myths was an account of how he was conceived and how he made his way from the Underworld to Nippur. A theological system where Nanna, rather than Enlil, was the king of gods, is known from a text from the Old Babylonian period; in the preserved fragment Enlil, Anu, Enki

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An Eblaite goddess of pre-Semitic and pre-Hurrian origin. She was among the western deities introduced in Mesopotamia in the Ur III period, and shared temples with Belet Nagar in Ur and with Dagan in Nippur. Due to association with Ishtar she developed into a love goddess, associated with marriage.

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Allani, in Mesopotamia known as Allatum, was the Hurrian goddess of the underworld. She was introduced in Mesopotamia in the Ur III period as an independent deity. She had at least one temple, likely located in Ur. She continued to be worshiped in the Old Babylonian period. In later periods she was

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Urmahlullu was an apotrapaic creature with the lower body of a lion and upper body of a man, attested mostly in Assyria. Depictions are late (13th century BCE or later) and uncommon, and it is doubtful if any role was assigned to it in mythology. Apotropaic rituals nonetheless occasionally refer to

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Shulpa-e's name means "youthful brilliance", but he was not envisioned as youthful god. According to one tradition, he was the consort of Ninhursag, a tradition which contradicts the usual portrayal of Enki as Ninhursag's consort in myths. In one Sumerian poem, offerings are made to Shulpa'e in the

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Nungal, also known as Manungal, was the goddess of prisons, also associated with the death penalty. Her name means "great prince(ss)" in Sumerian. She is rarely attested in literary compositions. In the so-called Weidner god list she appears among chthonic deities, and she was sometimes referred to

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Martu, in Akkadian known as Amurru, was the divine personification of the nomads who began to appear on the edges of the Mesopotamian world in the middle of the third millennium BC, initially from the west, but later from the east as well. He was described as a deity who "rages over the land like a

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and Anthony Green, he "represented fire in all its aspects: as a destructive force and as the burning heat of the Mesopotamian summer; and as a creative force, the fire in the blacksmith's furnace and the fire in the kiln where bricks are baked, and so as a 'founder of cities'." He is traditionally

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and charioteer of the sun-god Utu. He was worshipped at Sippar and Uruk during the Old Babylonian Period and later worshipped at Assur. According to some accounts, he may have been Utu's son. However, in Sippar he was regarded as the son in law of Utu's Akkadian counterpart Shamash instead, and the

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Annunitum ("the martial one") was initially an epithet of Ishtar, but later a separate goddess. She is first attested in documents from the Ur III period. She was a warrior goddess who shared a number of epithets with Ishtar. It is possible she was depicted with a trident-like weapon on seals. In

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phrase meaning "forever and ever") were ancestors of Anu according to the so-called "Anu theogony." They represented "eternal time as a prime force in creation," and it is likely they developed as a personified form of a preexisting cosmological belief. A single text identifies them as ancestors of

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Inanna, later known as Ishtar, is "the most important female deity of ancient Mesopotamia at all periods." She was the Sumerian goddess of love, sexuality, prostitution, and war. She was the divine personification of the planet Venus, the morning and evening star. Accounts of her parentage vary; in

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Belet Nagar was the tutelary goddess of the Syrian city of Nagar. She was introduced in Mesopotamia in the Ur III period, likely due to her connection to kingship and due to her role as a divine witness to commercial treaties. It is possible that "Haburitum" known from similar Mesopotamian sources

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Pazuzu is a demonic god who was well known to the Babylonians and Assyrians throughout the first millennium BC. He is shown with "a rather canine face with abnormally bulging eyes, a scaly body, a snake-headed penis, the talons of a bird and usually wings." He was believed to be the son of the god

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Mušḫuššu ("furious snake" or "awful snake") was a dragon-like creature (sometimes a lion-dragon hybrid), depicted as a servant of various gods in Mesopotamian art. It was originally associated with Ninazu and, by extension, with his son Ningishzida (in Lagash); after Tishpak replaced Ninazu as the

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Numushda was a god who was associated with the city of Kazallu. His worship is attested from the Early Dynastic Period, but his cult seems to have ceased at the end of the Old Babylonian Period. He was believed to be the son of the moon-god Nanna and may have been regarded as a storm deity. In the

3790:. He is mentioned as a god alongside Ninsun in a list of deities as early as the Early Dynastic Period. A brief fragment of a myth about him from this same time period is also preserved. During the Third Dynasty of Ur, all the kings would offer sacrifices to Lugalbanda as a god in the holy city of 1964:

Lugaldukuga was the father of Enlil in some traditions, though sometimes he was instead referred to as his grandfather. Like Enmesharra he was regarded as a vanquished theogonic figure, and sometimes the two were equated. He might be analogous to Endukuga, another ancestor of Enlil from god lists.

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Ishkur, later known as Adad or Hadad (from the root *hdd, "to thunder"), was the Mesopotamian god of storms and rain. In northern Mesopotamia, where agriculture relied heavily on rainfall, he was among the most prominent deities, and even in the south he ranked among the "great gods." In god lists

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Enlil, later known as Ellil, is the god of wind, air, earth, and storms and the chief of all the gods. The Sumerians envisioned Enlil as a benevolent, fatherly deity, who watches over humanity and cares for their well-being. One Sumerian hymn describes Enlil as so glorious that even the other gods

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An (in Sumerian), later known as Anu (in Akkadian), was the supreme God and "prime mover in creation", embodied by the sky. He is the first and most distant ancestor, theologically conceived as the God of Heaven in its "transcendental obscurity". In some theological systems all of the deities were

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Simut was an Elamite god associated with Mars, regarded as herald of the gods. His name was used as a theophoric element in Old Babylonian personal names, while god lists associate him with Nergal. It is possible the Akkadian goddess Manzat, who became a popular deity in Elam, was regarded as his

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Uridimmu ("mad dog" or "mad lion") was an apotropaic creature in Mesopotamian mythology. Next to nothing is known about its history prior the Middle Babylonian period, but in texts from this era it was associated with Marduk and his wife Sarpanit, and was believed to serve as their gatekeeper. An

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Suhurmašu was a creature likely imagined simply as a type of fish by the Sumerians, but as a fish-goat hybrid by the Akkadians. A Sumerian text refers to it as "the lofty purification priest of the Apsu," and in apotropaic rituals it was associated with exorcisms. It was also used to symbolically

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Sumugan (also spelled Sumuqan) or Šakkan was a god associated with quadrupeds, especially donkeys or alternatively wild sheep. In literary texts (such as hymns) he was also tasked with caring for their habitat and plants growing there. In some texts his epithet is "shepherd of everything." He was

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called him a son of Ashur instead. Initially his wife was Ishtar of Kish (regarded as separate from Ishtar of Uruk), but after the Old Babylonian period she was replaced by Bau in this role, and continued to be worshiped independently from him. In some texts Zababa uses weapons usually associated

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Utu, later known as Shamash, is the ancient Mesopotamian god of the Sun, who was also revered as the god of truth, justice, and morality. He was the son of Nanna and the twin brother of Inanna. Utu was believed to see all things that happen during the day and to aid mortals in distress. Alongside

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Ninkasi was the goddess of beer. She was associated with Širaš, the goddess of brewing. In one hymn her parents are said to be Enki and Ninti, though it also states she was raised by Ninhursag. Sometimes Ninkasi was viewed as a male deity. In the so-called Weidner god list, Ninkasi appears among

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Ningal ("great queen"), later known by the corrupted form Nikkal, was the wife of Nanna-Suen, the god of the moon, and the mother of Utu, the god of the sun. Though she was worshiped in all periods of ancient Mesopotamian history, her role is described as "passive and supportive" by researchers.

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The Mesopotamian pantheon evolved greatly over the course of its history. In general, the history of Mesopotamian religion can be divided into four phases. During the first phase, starting in the fourth millennium BC, deities' domains mainly focused on basic needs for human survival. During the

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are cognate, they weren't entirely the same deity, but merely developed in parallel from one source. She was described as "daughter in law of the god An." A temple dedicated to her, Ehilikalamma ("House of the luxury of the land") existed in Babylon. In past scholarship Ashratu was incorrectly

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Siduri (or more accurately Šiduri) was a goddess who according to the Epic of Gilgamesh was believed to keep an alehouse at the edge of the world. In the Old Babylonian versions, she attempts to dissuade Gilgamesh from his quest for immortality, instead urging him to be content with the simple

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Bau was a prominent goddess of Lagash, and some of its kings regarded her as their divine mother. She was also a healing goddess, though unlike other healing goddesses she only developed such a function at some point in her history. She was the wife of Ningirsu, and rose to prominence in third

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describes how, in one ritual, Nabu and Tashmetu's statues would be brought together for a "marriage ceremony". One extant letter describes how, after their wedding, Tashmetu and Nabu stayed in the bedchamber for six days and seven nights, during which time they were served an elaborate feast.

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Mandanu was a divine judge, attested after the Old Babylonian period, but absent from older god lists such as the so-called Weidner and Nippur lists. According to assyriologist Manfred Krebernik he can be considered a personification of places of judgment. He belonged to the circle of deities

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explain that Sud was the goddess' name before she married Enlil, receiving the name Ninlil. However, Sud was originally an independent deity who was close in character to Sudag, an alternate name of the wife of Shamash; the confusion between Sudag and Sud(/Ninlil) is reflected in a myth where

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Nanaya was a goddess of love (including erotic love and lust). She was commonly invoked in spells connected to this sphere. Her worship was widespread, and she appears frequently in the textual record. She was also involved in intercession and was regarded as "lady of lamma," a class of minor

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in one poem, Ninlil declares, "As Enlil is your master, so am I also your mistress!" In documents from the Ur III period, Ninlil was believed to be able to determine fates much like husband, and the pair was jointly regarded as the source of royal power by kings. Sud, the tutelary goddess of

2556:, but this may be a local hero, not the same as the god of healing. According to Alfonso Archi, the Eblaite Damu should be understood as the deified concept of a kinship group rather than a personified deity. The official cult of Damu became extinct sometime after the Old Babylonian Period. 2126:

and a single mythical composition. Thorkild Jacobsen identifies her as a leech goddess. As noted by assyriologist Nathan Wasserman, however, leeches are only attested with certainty in late medical texts, and the image of a leech in Mesopotamian literature is that of "a non-divine, harmful

2988:

eventually take Dumuzid away after he is betrayed by an unnamed "friend", but Inanna decrees that he and Geshtinanna will alternate places every six months, each spending half the year in the Underworld while the other stays in Heaven. While she is in the Underworld, Geshtinanna serves as

2438:

dead, alongside Dumuzi and Ninishzida. In incantations he commonly appeared alongside minor underworld deities such as Ningishzida, Geshtinanna, or Namtar and his family. There are also attestations of Gilgamesh as a servant of Nergal and Ereshkigal, specifically a ferryman of the dead.

1790:

periods in the early second millennium BC. A category of primordial beings common in incantations were pairs of divine ancestors of Enlil and less commonly of Anu. In at least some cases these elaborate genealogies were assigned to major gods to avoid the implications of divine incest.

5984:

their fearsome characters they were viewed as a source of protection as well, and as such appear on apotropaic amulets. Similar leonine creatures were sometimes depicted or described as servings the gods (notably Ishkur, Ishtar, Marduk and Ninurta) as mounts or pulling their chariots.

5021:, "to carry." It is sometimes assumed he was Nergal's son. It has been argued that such a connection could be a reflection of the location of his cult center, Ṣupur-Šubula, in the proximity of Nergal's city, Kutha. However, as noted by Jeremiah Peterson, it is unclear if the god list 2833:

Erra is a warlike god who is associated with pestilence and violence. He is the son of the sky-god An and his wife is an obscure, minor goddess named Mami, who is different from the mother goddess with the same name. As early as the Akkadian Period, Erra was already associated with

2407:, the king of Uruk adopted Gilgamesh as his patron deity. The kings of the Third Dynasty of Ur were especially fond of Gilgamesh, calling him their "divine brother" and "friend". During this period, a large number of myths and legends developed surrounding him. Probably during the 4924:Šerua was an Assyrian goddess associated with Ashur. She was the only deity regarded as related to him for reasons other than syncretism with Enlil, but Assyrian theological treatises disputed if she was his wife or daughter. She should not be confused with Erua, an epithet of 2230:. He eventually became regarded as a god of magical knowledge and was thought to be the son of Enki and Ninhursag. He was later absorbed as an aspect of Marduk. In the standard Babylonian magical tradition, the name "Asarluhi" is used as merely an alternative name for Marduk. 6196:

to many cities in the Mesopotamian part of his empire, including Babylon. These efforts are thought to have been directed at the Iranian population of the city to tie regional courts to the imperial core rather than as an attempt to impose Persian deities on the Babylonians.

5796:

Lahmu ("hairy one") was a type of apotropaic creature. He was originally associated with Enki and later with Marduk. On cylinder seals Lahmu was sometimes depicted as a fisherman. In mythical texts, the god Enki/Ea is sometimes said to have 50 lahmu serving him. During the

916:

Ninhursag ("Mistress of the mountain ranges"), also known as Damgalnuna, Ninmah, Nintur and Aruru, was the Mesopotamian mother goddess. Her primary functions were related to birth (but generally not to nursing and raising children, with the exception of sources from early

4181:

Ningirida was the wife of Ninazu and mother of Ningishzida and his two sisters. A passage describing Ningirida taking care of baby Ningishzida is regarded as one of the only references to deities in their infancy and to goddesses breastfeeding in Mesopotamian literature.

1681:

Nisaba was originally a goddess of grain and agriculture, but, starting in the Early Dynastic Period, she developed into a goddess of writing, accounting, and scribal knowledge. Her main cult city, Eresh, was evidently prominent in early periods, but after the reign of

6608:" (either the river or the area surrounding it) or "she of the city Ḫabura." The former option is considered more plausible, as her cult center was apparently Sikani, located near the head of the river Khabur, rather than Ḫabura, which was instead located near modern 1735:

with Ninurta and fights his mythical enemies, and on occasion he was called the "Nergal of Kish," but all 3 of these gods were regarded as separate. In one list of deities he is called "Marduk of battle." His primary symbol was a staff with the head of an eagle. His

5104: 5504:

Imdugud, later known as Anzû, is an enormous bird-like monster with the head of a lion described as so huge that the flapping of its wings was thought to be the cause of sandstorms and whirlwinds. Imdugud probably originated as the personification of atmospheric

1634:, she pleads with the gods Enlil, Nanna and finally Enki in effort to persuade them to rescue Inanna from the Underworld. She was regarded as a wise adviser of her divine masters and human rulers alike. In addition to being the sukkal of Inanna, she also served 2626:). However, her name shows no etymological affinity with any attested terms related to sheep, and it has been suggested that while she was definitely a goddess associated with livestock and pastoralism, she was not necessarily exclusively connected with sheep. 502:

Enki, later known as Ea, and also occasionally referred to as Nudimmud or Ninšiku, was the god of the subterranean freshwater ocean, who was also closely associated with wisdom, magic, incantations, arts, and crafts. He was either the son of An, or the goddess

6774:

Kumarbi was one of the main gods of the Hurrians, regarded as partially analogous to Enlil (and Dagan) due to his role as "father of the gods." He had a chthonic character and was associated with grain and prosperity. In Mesopotamia he appears in the Assyrian

1053:), fevers, plagues, and war. In myths, he causes destruction and devastation. In the neo-Babylonian period in many official documents Nergal is listed immediately after the supreme gods Marduk and Nabu, and before such prominent deities as Shamash and Sin. 3540:

is scarce and her name was sometimes written without the dingir sign denoting divinity. A fragmentary late neo-Assyrian god list appears to consider her and another figure regarded as the wife of Anu, Urash, as one and the same, and refers to "Ki-Urash."

5369:

Uṣur-amāssu was one of the deities regarded as children of Adad and Shala. While initially viewed as male, she came to be regarded as a goddess and achieved a degree of prominence in Neo-Babylonian Uruk, where she belonged to the entourage of Ishtar.

4073:

Nimintabba was a minor goddess who belonged to the entourage of Nanna, the tutelary god of Ur. She had a temple in Ur during the reign of king Shulgi. It is possible she was initially a deity of greater theological importance, but declined with time.

107:, meaning "fear". Deities were almost always depicted wearing horned caps, consisting of up to seven superimposed pairs of ox-horns. They were also sometimes depicted wearing clothes with elaborate decorative gold and silver ornaments sewn into them. 2547:

Damu was a god who presides over healing and medicine. He was the son of Ninisina or of Gula. In some texts, "Damu" is used as another name for Dumuzid, but this may be a different word meaning "son". Another god named "Damu" was also worshipped in

4245:

popular saying, when a mouse fled from a mongoose into a serpent's hole, it announced, "I bring you greetings from the snake-charmer!" A creature resembling a mongoose also appears in Old Babylonian glyptic art, but its significance is not known.

2251:

Ashgi was one of the main gods of Adab in the Early Dynastic and Sargonic periods. It is unclear if he was initially the spouse or the son of the goddess Nintu, analogous to Ninhursag. In later periods he was viewed as her son, and her husband

992:

from his father Enlil and, in a myth that is alluded to in many works but never fully preserved, he killed a group of warriors known as the "Slain Heroes". Ninurta was also an agricultural deity and the patron god of farmers. In the epic poem

2740:. It has been pointed out that Dumuzi does not appear in any of the texts where Enkimdu occurs alongside Amurru, which might indicate that in this case the latter was meant to serve as a shepherd god contrasted with Enkimdu in a similar way. 933:. She was also associated with the city of Kesh, where she replaced the local goddess Nintur, and she was sometimes referred to as the "Bēlet-ilī of Kesh" or "she of Kesh". It is possible her emblem was a symbol similar to later Greek letter 3347:

One of the 11 "standing gods of Ebabbar," divine judges assisting Shamash, as well as a member of various Assyrian groups of judge deities. While Akkadian in origin (the name means "he (or she) heard the payer), Ishmekarab also appears in

4981:, northeast of Babylon, indicates that he may have also been worshipped there. He was also a warrior god and is referred to as a "hero of An". In the Babylonian myth of Anzû, Shara is one of the warrior gods who is asked to retrieve the 1760:. The earliest accounts of creation are simple narratives written in Sumerian dating to the late third millennium BC. These are mostly preserved as brief prologues to longer mythographic compositions dealing with other subjects, such as 1278:, with some sources (ex. from Nippur) indicating she was exalted above Ningirsu. While the original Lagashite cult of Bau declined alongside the city, she continued to be prominent in Kish in northern Babylonia, where she arrived in the 6662:: "Lord of Susa") was one of the main Elamite gods. He was associated with kingship and the underworld, and served as the tutelary god of Susa. In some Mesopotamian texts he appears as an underworld god, for example in the god list 4566:(312 BC – 63 BC). She was sometimes regarded as the astral aspect of Inanna, but in Isin she was instead associated with Ninisina and in Larsa Ninsianna and Inanna were separate goddesses. She was also sometimes associated with the 2571:

Dingirma was a goddess from Kesh regarded as analogous to Ninhursag. Her name means "exalted deity." While in literary texts the names Dingirma and Ninhursag can alternate, administrative texts from Kesh exclusively use the former.

5801:(911 BC – 609 BC), figurines of Lahmu, who is depicted with long hair and a long, curled beard, were placed under the foundations of houses and temples to protect against demons and pestilence. Lahmu is closely associated with the 2856:

Erragal, also known as Errakal, is a relatively rarely-attested deity who was usually regarded as a form of Erra, but the two gods are probably of separate origin. He is connected with storms and the destruction caused by them. In

4454:

Ninmena was a Sumerian goddess of birth whose name means "Lady of the Crown". Although syncretised with more prominent similar goddesses (like Ninhursag) in literary texts, she never fully merged with them in Sumerian tradition.

2014:

slays Tiamat and uses her body to create the earth. In the Assyrian version of the story, it is Ashur who slays Tiamat instead. Tiamat was the personification of the primeval waters and it is hard to tell how the author of the

1419:(boundary stones), Ištaran is often represented by a serpent, which may be Nirah or Ištaran himself. It is also possible that he's the god with an ophidian lower body known from cylinder seals. In a ritual associated with the 3210:

of Lagash refers to him as the "herald of the land of Sumer" in one inscription. His wife might have originally been Dumuzi-abzu, though later he was regarded as the husband of Ninmug due to syncretism between him and Ishum.

654:

initiated the trend of writing his name with the same signs as that of Anshar, a primordial being regarded as Anu's father in the theology of Enuma Elish. He may have originally been a local deity associated with the city of

5326:

While in texts from cities such as Nippur Uraš was an earth goddess, in Dilbat it was the name of an unrelated male god, husband of Ninegal, who served as the city's tutelary deity. He was regarded as the father of Lagamar.

5544:

Bašmu ("venomous snake") was a mythical horned snake who played an apotropaic role in Mesopotamian religion. While in some contexts its name can be a generic word designating any mythical snake or dragon, as early as in

4015:

storm". One myth describes how the daughter of the god Numušda insists on marrying Martu, despite his unattractive habits. In Old Babylonian and Kassite art, Amurru is shown as a god dressed in long robes and carrying a

6271:

In Mesopotamia and Syria, Artemis was identified with the goddess Nanaya. This identification had a long-lasting influence on Nanaya by introducing associations with the moon and archery. The cult of Apollo and Artemis

1322:, however evidence such as theophoric names indicates that the weather god's popularity only grew in later periods under the Akkadian name. Hadad is already attested as the name of the weather god in early sources from 179:

2144 – 2124 BC) and the Third Dynasty of Ur. This term usually referred to the major deities of heaven and earth, endowed with immense powers, who were believed to "decree the fates of mankind". Gudea described them as

3987:. Her titles, such as "Lady of regulations of heaven" and "Companion of heaven" highlighted her astral character, though she was also associated with prosperity of cities. Outside Mesopotamia she was also worshiped in 1431:. His national cult fell into decline during the Middle Babylonian Period, though he still appeared in documents such as neo-Assyrian land grants. However, in Der he continued to be venerated in later periods as well. 3516:, "lady of the sorceresses." However, her character and functions remain unclear. It has been proposed that her name was originally a term for a location in the netherworld due to its similarity to the Sumerian word 2056:

Alammush was the sukkal of Nanna. He appears very rarely in known literary texts, though in one case, possibly a fragment of a myth about Nanna going on a journey, he is described as "suitable for justice like Utu."

1725:

Zababa was a war god who served as the tutelary deity of Kish. His main temple was E-mete-ursag. The earliest attestation of him comes from the Early Dynastic Period. During the reign of Old Babylonian kings such as

5093:

Underworld and, in later sources, he was one of the demons of the Underworld. No less than ten temples of Shulpa'e are listed in the so-called Canonical Temple List, but their names and locations are not preserved.

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and in a single building inscription from the Third Dynasty of Ur, Shara is described as Inanna's "son", a tradition which runs directly contrary to the usual portrayal of Inanna as youthful and without offspring.

5765:

Kusarikku ("bison man") was a creature depicted as a human-faced bison standing on its hind legs, associated with the sun god Utu. Depictions of kusarikku alongside lahmu were sometimes incorrectly interpreted as

1860:. It has been argued that she was one and the same as the primordial deity, but this view is not universally accepted and Manfred Krebernik argues it cannot be presently established if they were one and the same. 1397:. He was regarded as a divine judge, and kings were said to "render justice like Ištaran." A text from the late Early Dynastic Period invokes Ištaran to resolve a boundary dispute between the cities of Lagash and 2587:

Dumuzi-abzu is a local goddess who was the tutelary goddess of Kinunir, a settlement in the territory of the state of Lagash. Her name, which probably means "good child of the Abzu", was sometimes abbreviated to

2596:. It is possible that in Early Dynastic and Sargonic sources the name Dumuzi often referred to Dumuzi-abzu and not to the husband of Inanna. It is assumed that she belonged to the circle of deities connected to 608:, he eventually came to parallel Enlil as the chief of the gods. Some late sources go as far as omitting Enlil and Anu altogether, and state that Ea received his position from Marduk. His wife was the goddess 6802:

addressed to Urtaku, an Elamite ruler, as one of the deities meant to guarantee peace between the two monarchs, alongside Assyrian gods Ashur, Bel, Nabu, Sin, Shamash, Ishtar of Nineveh and Ishtar of Arbela.

5739:, a creature whose identity is currently unknown, rather than a human. Kulullu was described as a servant of Ea who carries a vessel from which it could pour a liquid symbolizing abundance and prosperity. In 1228:

Gula, Ninkarrak and Nintinugga all figure as separate deities with own courts. Dogs were associated with many healing goddesses and Gula in particular is often shown in art with a dog sitting beside her.

646:, or perhaps the hill atop which it was built. He initially lacked any connections to other deities, having no parents, spouse or children. The only goddess related to him, though in an unclear way, was 4415:

Ninmada was a god regarded as a brother of Ninazu, who was described as a snake charmer in the service of An or Enlil. A goddess bearing the same name appears among the assistants of Ninmah in the myth

2811:, a farmer and a shepherd respectively. The two gods argue and Emesh lays claim to Enten's position. They take the dispute before Enlil, who rules in favor of Enten. The two gods rejoice and reconcile. 2665:, a farmer and a shepherd respectively. The two gods argue and Emesh lays claim to Enten's position. They take the dispute before Enlil, who rules in favor of Enten. The two gods rejoice and reconcile. 1496:

and the interpretation of dreams, but was also believed to assist the poor and the impoverished and ensure the accuracy of weights and measurements. She was also associated with fish and waterfowl. The

19119: 5957:

Unlike many other apotropaic creatures, it doesn't appear as a member of Tiamat's army defeated by Marduk in Enuma Elish, which might indicate it was viewed as more peaceful than other similar beings.

5901:

back to the Underworld. Amulets bearing his image were positioned in dwellings to protect infants from Lamashtu and pregnant women frequently wore amulets with his head on them as protection from her.

1665: 21057: 3407:, or personal attendant, of Enki. His name is related to the word meaning "having two faces" and he is shown in art with a face on either side of his head. He acts as Enki's messenger in the myths of 192:, which doesn't necessarily contradict the conventional definition of Anunnaki and doesn't explicitly identify them as gods of the Underworld. Unambiguous references to Anunnaki as chthonic come from 3660:

Lahar was a god associated with sheep. Research shows that he was usually regarded as a male deity, though he was initially interpreted as a goddess in Samuel Noah Kramer's translations. In the poem

5401:, in which she resists the sexual advances of her father Enki but he convinces her to let him in using a gift of fresh produce and the promise that he will marry her. Enki then intoxicates her with 3670:

are created by the Anunnaki to provide them with food. They produce large amounts of food, but become drunk with wine and start to quarrel, so Enki and Enlil intervene, declaring Ashnan the victor.

2997:. According to Julia M. Asher-Greve she was connected in myths to Geshtindudu, another minor goddess, by friendship alone, an uncommon connection between otherwise unrelated Mesopotamian goddesses. 2906:

are created by the Anunnaki to provide them with food. They produce large amounts of food, but become drunk with wine and start to quarrel, so Enki and Enlil intervene, declaring Ashnan the victor.

3140:. Haya was primarily a god of scribes, but he may have also been associated with grain and agriculture. He also served as a doorkeeper. In some texts, he is identified as the father of the goddess 2684:

sources the name Ninbilulu is also attested, though it's uncertain if it should be considered an alternate form, or a separate, possibly female, deity. The relation between Enbilulu, Ninbilulu and

6530:. While Hurrians did not worship this pair as personified deities, in Mesopotamia they appear as primordial gods in a handful of texts. Hamurnu (Hahharnum) alone appears in a copy of the god list 2354:

Belet-Seri ("mistress of the steppe") was a goddess who acted as the scribe of the underworld. She could be identified with Geshtinanna or with Gubarra, the Sumerian name of the spouse of Amurru,

7060:

Shuwala, the tutelary goddess of Mardaman, a city located in the north of modern Iraq, is attested in sources from the Ur III period. She is assumed to be an underworld deity of Hurrian origin.

2736:

in 1944. Initially it was assumed that it would end with Inanna choosing Enkimdu, but this interpretation was abandoned after more editions were compiled. In laments, he could be associated with

5175:

pleasures in life. The origin of her name is uncertain. A personal name understood as "she is my rampart" is attested in Mesopotamian sources from the reign of Third Dynasty of Ur, but the word

3915:

Mammitum was one of the goddesses who could be identified as the wife of Nergal. In the Old Babylonian period, she is the best attested among them. It is possible she was originally the wife of

1654:

times. Ninshubur was popular in the sphere of personal religion, for example as tutelary deity of a specific family, due to the belief she could mediate between humans and higher ranking gods.

5043:

both of them appear in association with Adad. Their character was regarded as destructive. They could be associated with Adad, either alone, alongside Shamash, or deities from his circle like

4802:, the patron goddess of Isin. In some texts, he is identified with Ninurta or Ningirsu. One Sumerian poem describes Pabilsag's journey to Nippur. Pabilsag was believed to be the constellation 1786:

could not have been written any earlier than the late second millennium BC, but it draws heavily on earlier materials, including various works written during the Akkadian, Old Babylonian, and

3598:, a type of prayers asking for help with an individual's problems. She was regarded as the personification of a type of ritual censer. A late text states that "the duck is the bird of Kusu." 6388:

Terracotta figurines of Athena are known from Seleucid Babylon, and she is also one of the most popular deities depicted on bullae from Seleucid Mesopotamia, which depict Athena of both the

122:

were given constant care and attention and a set of priests were assigned to tend to them. These priests would clothe the statues and place feasts before them so they could "eat". A deity's

5871:

destruction of Babylon. The apotropaic use of its depictions was likely connected to the belief that it served as a fearless protector of its divine masters, fighting evil on their behalf.

5025:, usually used to support this theory, recognizes him as Nergal's son, as the corresponding section contains a lacuna. Another possible restoration would instead make him the son of Ishum. 19070:

Dalley, Stephanie (2013). "Gods from north-eastern and north-western Arabia in cuneiform texts from the First Sealand Dynasty, and a cuneiform inscription from Tell en-Naṣbeh, c.1500 BC".

5549:

inscriptions it was also understood as a specific creature. Some texts indicate that bašmu possessed forelegs. A largely analogous creature was the muššàtùr, depicted as a horned cobra.

4865:

Sarpanit was the wife of Marduk. Her name was most likely derived from Sarpan, a village near Babylon, which in a myth about her marriage to Marduk was given to her by her father Enlil.

275:

as "Enlil of the gods," possibly reflecting the existence of a similar belief connected to him among his clergy too, though unlike the doctrine of supremacy of the moon god, accepted by

3102:Ĝatumdug was a goddess from the early pantheon of Lagash. While the meaning of her name is unknown, she was described as the city's mother, or its founder. According to inscriptions of 2477:, he leads Inanna through the seven gates of the underworld, removing one of her garments at each gate so that when she comes before Ereshkigal she is naked and symbolically powerless. 1981:. She eventually came to be regarded as the mother of Enki and was revered as an important mother goddess. Because the cuneiform sign used to write her name is the same as the sign for 6534:, where he is also explained as a name of Anu. Prior to the discovery that their names have Hurrian origin, Hahharnum and Hayashum were described as "little known primordial deities." 20543: 6589:

shows that his worship was adopted by Persians as well from the Elamites. While commonly proposed in the past, a connection between Humban and Humbaba is now regarded as implausible.

2275:

Aruru was initially a distinct minor goddess, regarded as violent and connected to vegetation; however, despite lack of a connection to birth or creation she was later conflated with

20042: 6314:. In addition to being envisioned as a couple, they shared an association with mountains and steppes. According to Steve A. Wiggins, while the names of the Mesopotamian Ashratum and 3434:, because the both of them are said to have been the husband of the goddess Ninmug. He was sometimes associated with the Underworld and was believed to exert a calming influence on 6358:

in Upper Mesopotamia in Seleucid and Roman times. In the syncretic environment of the Upper Euphrates in the early centuries CE, Atargatis was associated with Artemis, Athena, and

6225:

kings favoured Apollo as the patron deity of their dynasty and introduced his cult to Mesopotamia. Locally, Apollo was syncretised with Nabu, but the Greek-speaking communities of

5134:, where she is one of the seven assistants of the eponymous goddess, alongside Ninimma, Ninmada, Ninšar, Ninmug, Mumudu and Ninnigina. She could also be addressed as a daughter of 4977:

Shara was a local deity associated with the city of Umma, where his main temple was the E-mah. A fragment of a stone bowl inscribed with his name discovered in the rubbish dump at

4730:. Her husband was the god Birtum. The name Ninegal was sometimes used as her epithet, and it is possible in Dilbat she and the distinct goddess Ninegal were regarded as analogous. 4212:

Ninimma was a courtier of Enlil regarded as his scribe and sometimes as the nurse of his children. Like other goddesses from Enlil's circle she had a temple in Nippur. In the myth

247:. However, newer research shows that the arrangement of the top of the pantheon could vary depending on time period and location. The Fara god list indicates that sometimes Enlil, 23916: 18659: 287:

became the supreme god in Babylonia, and some late sources omit Anu and Enlil altogether and state that Ea received his position from Marduk. In some neo-Babylonian inscriptions

17832: 3430:

Sud (Ninlil) and Sudag, a title of the sun god's wife. He was a generally benevolent deity, who served as a night watchman and protector. He may be the same god as the Sumerian

1383:, which was located east of the Tigris river on the border between Mesopotamia and Elam. His wife was the goddess Šarrat-Dēri, whose name means "Queen of Der", or alternatively 1204:

A prominent place in the Mesopotamian pantheon was occupied by healing goddesses, regarded as divine patronesses of doctors and medicine-workers. Multiple such deities existed:

5832:

Lamashtu was a goddess with the "head of a lion, the teeth of a donkey, naked breasts, a hairy body, hands stained (with blood?), long fingers and fingernails, and the feet of

2403:

2900–2350 BC). It is certain that, during the later Early Dynastic Period, Gilgamesh was worshipped as a god at various locations across Sumer. In the twenty-first century BC,

21314: 4220:, called "Ea of the goldsmith" in an explanatory text. Occasional references to Ninimma as a male deity are also known, and in this context he was called "Ea of the scribe." 79:, an ambiguous substance which "covered them in terrifying splendor" and which could also be worn by heroes, kings, giants, and even demons. The effect that seeing a deity's 18236: 2106:

of Anu, and it has been proposed that she was originally an epithet of Ninshubur. Assyriologist Frans Wiggermann translates her name as "mother who cannot be pushed aside."

24045: 21588: 23760: 5673:

unusual appearance. His face was frequently compared to entrails of sacrificial animals. While connections to the minor god Humhum from northern Babylonia, to Elamite god

251:

and Enki were regarded as the three most significant deities. Inanna was also the most important deity in Uruk and a number of other political centers in the Uruk period.

4956:

Shala, also known as Medimsha ("having beautiful limbs") was the wife of the weather god Adad. She was a goddess of rain, and was often depicted naked on cylinder seals.

4261:

Ningirama was a goddess associated with incantations, water, and fish, and who was invoked for protection against snakes. It has been argued that she was conflated with

2492:

Bizilla was a goddess closely associated with Nanaya. It is assumed that like her she was a love goddess. She was also most likely regarded as the sukkal of Enlil's wife

1488:

Nanshe was a goddess associated with the state of Lagash, whose cult declined with the loss of political relevance of that city. She was a daughter of Enki and sister of

17881:

Elam and its neighbors recent research and new perspectives: proceedings of the international congress held at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, September 21–23, 2016

3646:, according to which he exalted the eponymous god in the "lower sea." He could be associated with other deities with marine associations, such as Sirsir and Lugal'abba. 19624:, London, England, New York City, New York, Melbourne, Australia, Toronto, Ontario, New Delhi, India, Auckland, New Zealand, and Rosebank, South Africa: Penguin Books, 984:

Ninurta, also known as Ningirsu, was a Mesopotamian warrior deity who was worshipped in Sumer from the very earliest times. He was the champion of the gods against the

766:

Nanna, Enzu or Zuen ("Lord of Wisdom") in Sumerian, later altered as Suen and Sin in Akkadian, is the ancient Mesopotamian god of the Moon. He was the son of Enlil and

2980:

demons come to drag him down to the Underworld by hiding him in successively in four different places. In another myth about Dumuzid's death, she refuses to tell the

2452:

Birtum was the husband of the prison goddess Nungal. The name, which means "fetter" or "shackle" in Akkadian, is grammatically feminine, but designates a male deity.

6208: 4195:

Ninhegal was a goddess of abundance worshiped in Sippar. It is possible she can be identified as the goddess depicted with streams of water on seals from that city.

5519:

from Enlil. In both stories, the creature is challenged by Ninurta, who defeats him and returns the stolen property to its rightful owner. In the Sumerian story of

1856:. It is possible Alala and Belili were paired together only because both names are iterative. The name Belili could also refer to a goddess regarded as a sister of 1772:. Later accounts are far more elaborate, adding multiple generations of gods and primordial beings. The longest and most famous of these accounts is the Babylonian 6737:, otherwise mostly a symbol of underworld gods, and scorpions, also associated with marriage. According to a Hurrian source she was viewed as a daughter of Enlil. 6560:, and he served an apotropaic function. Figures of Herakles have been found widely in Hatra and the cultic statue of Nergal used the iconography of the Greek god. 4880:Šarrāḫītu ("The glorified one") was a goddess worshiped in Babylon during the reign of Esarhaddon and later in Uruk. She was identified with Ashratum, the wife of 23170: 5305:

Uraš is the earliest attested consort of Anu, as evidenced by Sumerian texts dating to the third millennium BCE. Her role as Anu's consort was later ascribed to

7132:

in neo-Assyrian times. It is assumed that he was analogous to the Hurrian god Nupatik, possibly introduced to Arbela after a statue of him was seized in a war.

659:, but, with the growth of the Assyrian Empire, his cult was introduced to southern Mesopotamia. In Assyrian texts Bel was a title of Ashur, rather than Marduk. 22214: 3303:, but seems to have been completely obscure during all other periods of Mesopotamian history. He was closely associated with the kings of the Akkadian Empire. 1844:

Alala and Belili were ancestors of Anu, usually appearing as the final pair in god lists accepting this tradition of his ancestry. Alala was also adopted into

6437:, beyond the borders of sphere of direct Mesopotamian influence, where the corresponding cities were located. A seal inscription associates both of them with 6152:. Some documents associate her with Išḫara; in Hurrian sources they are well attested as a pair due to some shared functions. She is not to be confused with 21033: 7006:. A temple dedicated to her was located in Babylon as well. She influenced the later Assyrian Ishtar of Nineveh, though the latter also shows influence from 2951:, "the smiling one," which is likely a reference to the frequent mention of smiles in Akkadian erotic literature. Her name is derived from the Akkadian word 334:, Utu was believed to be the Sun, and Nanna was the Moon. However, minor deities could be associated with planets too, for example Mars was sometimes called 22250: 7097:

as the tutelary deity of Eshnunna. He shared most of his functions and attributes (ex. plough, two maces and various snakes and serpentine monsters such as

4558:. Ninsiana's gender varied depending on location. She is described in one text as the "holy torch who fills the heavens" and was frequently associated with 3851:. He seems to have primarily been a warrior-god, but he was also associated with domesticated animals. One hymn calls him the "master of the open country." 3206:

Hendursaga was a Sumerian god described as "protective god with a friendly face" in inscriptions. He was believed to guard streets and gates at night. King

3191:

priestesses of Ningirsu." Her name can be translated as "the maid of the (lofty) way" and refers to a route of processions in Girsu in the state of Lagash.

1473: 23909: 6915:

Musician goddesses always mentioned as a pair who were handmaidens of Shaushka. In Assyria they were incorporated into Ishtar's entourage in her temple in

929:

instead. Initially no city had Ninhursag as its tutelary goddess. Later her main temple was the E-Mah in Adab, originally dedicated to a minor male deity,

216:

seems to have originally been applied to the "great gods", but it later came to refer to all the gods of Heaven collectively. In some instances, the terms

7215:, also written in Babylon, represent the first unambiguous Judahite declaration of the non-existence of foreign deities and proclamation of Yahweh as the 5509:. In some descriptions, he has a "beak like a saw", indicating that he sometimes had the head of a bird. In Sumerian mythology, Imdugud steals the sacred 3935:, a goddess of birth or "divine midwife," some researchers assume they are one and the same. However, it has been proven that they were separate deities, 1334:

was Nimgir, the deified lightning. In addition to being a weather god, Hadad was also a god of law and guardian of oaths, as well as a god of divination (

21375: 23961: 21535: 6545: 3983:

Manzat ("Rainbow") was the Akkadian goddess of the rainbow. She was worshiped in Der, and was sometimes viewed as the wife of the city's tutelary god,

2074:

Ama-arhus (Nin-amaʾarḫuššu; "(lady) compassionate mother") was a sparsely attested Mesopotamian divinity, explained as a title of the medicine goddess

21717: 21178: 18274:

Barjamovic, Gojko (2012). "Propaganda and practice in Assyrian and Persian imperial culture". In Bang, Peter Fibiger; Kolodziejczyk, Dariusz (eds.).

3374:

Irnina was the goddess of victory. She could function as an independent deity from the court of Ningishzida, but also as a title of major goddesses.

1540:, who despite foreign origin had a similar character and attributes. Ninazu was also worshipped at Enegi in southern Sumer. His divine beast was the 19871:, Lanham, Maryland, Boulder, Colorado, New York City, New York, Toronto, Ontario, and Plymouth, England: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 24229: 22919: 6177: 5560: 5241:

Tadmuštum was the daughter of Nergal. She could be regarded as the wife of Šubula, and like him appears among underworld deities in known sources.

3847:

Lulal, also known as Latarak in Akkadian, was a god closely associated with Inanna, but their relationship is unclear and ambiguous. He appears in

604:. The expansion of his cult closely paralleled the historical rise of Babylon and, after assimilating various local deities, including a god named 22398:

Die Wettergottgestalten Mesopotamiens und Nordsyriens im Zeitalter der Keilschriftkulturen: Materialien und Studien nach den schriftlichen Quellen

4497:. She is only attested in texts from Ur and Puzrish-Dagan from the Ur III period, though it is also possible that she was worshiped in Gishbanda. 184:(tutelary deities) of all the countries." While it is common in modern literature to assume that in some contexts the term was instead applied to 23902: 7021: 6433:

Belet-Šuḫnir and Belet-Terraban were a pair of goddesses venerated in the Ur III period. They were most likely introduced from the area north of

5266:. Tashmetu is associated with wisdom and sexual attractiveness, a quality which she shares with Inanna and Nanaya. A poetic composition from the 4642:

Nintu is a Sumerian mother goddess associated with childbirth. Her name literally means "Lady of Birth". She may just be an aspect of Ninhursag.

4592:. Later their genders were switched around, possibly due to confusion between the male Mesopotamian Ninsikila and a similarly named goddess from 704:

indicate that Nabu could take precedence even over the supreme Babylonian god Marduk. His cult also spread beyond Mesopotamia, to cities such as

22176:

Potter, David S. (1991). "The Inscriptions on the Bronze Herakles from Mesene: Vologeses IV's War with Rome and the Date of Tacitus'" Annales".

19914: 18931: 4798:

Pabilshag was a god whose worship is attested from the Early Dynastic Period onwards. He was believed to be the son of Enlil and the husband of

3782:

Lugalbanda was an early legendary king of the Sumerian city-state of Uruk, who was later declared to be a god. He is the husband of the goddess

23305:"Haya (god); Spouse of Nidaba/Nissaba, goddess of grain and scribes, he is known both as a "door-keeper" and associated with the scribal arts." 1224:

Eventually Gula became the preeminent healing goddess, and other healing goddesses were sometimes syncretised with her, though in the god list

188:

Underworld deities, this view is regarded as unsubstantiated by assyriologist Dina Katz, who points out that it relies entirely on the myth of

75:. They were thought to possess extraordinary powers and were often envisioned as being of tremendous physical size. The deities typically wore 23312: 19938: 5222:

sometimes associated with Utu/Shamash, as his son or courtier. His attribute was likely fleece. In some sources Enkidu was compared with him.

1944:

Enmesharra was a minor deity of the underworld. Seven, eight or fifteen other minor deities were said to be his offspring. His symbol was the

5346:

Urkitum was in origin an epithet of Ishtar meaning "the Urukean," who eventually developed into a separate goddess. It is possible she was a

2896:

Ezina, or Ashnan in Akkadian, was a goddess of grain. She was commonly associated with Kusu, a goddess of purification. In the Sumerian poem

20514: 6377: 21390: 20026: 18343: 21434: 3623:). He was associated with the underworld. He was also worshiped in Elam, where he was associated with Ishmekarab and the underworld judge 22811: 19056: 3385: 2306:, which could be understood both as "bride" and "daughter in law". She was especially popular during the Old Babylonian Period and the 18198:

Armstrong, James A. (1996), "Uruk", in Fagan, Brian M.; Beck, Charlotte; Michaels, George; Scarre, Chris; Silberman, Neil Asher (eds.),

6859:

Nabarbi ("she of Nawar") was Hurrian goddess possibly analogous to Belet Nagar. In Mesopotamian sources she is attested in the Assyrian

6826:

Meskilak was a Dilmunite goddess and the wife of Inzak. The Mesopotamians viewed her as a daughter of Enki and Ninhursag under the name

4943: 3520:, the entrance to the underworld. In late theological sources she was regarded as Nanaya's hairdresser and one of the two "daughters of 1794:

Figures appearing in theogonies were generally regarded as ancient and no longer active (unlike the regular gods) by the Mesopotamians.

24174: 23966: 23635: 23594: 23553: 23512: 23431: 23112: 23008: 22967: 22778: 22562: 22367: 22066: 21523: 21482: 21153: 21024: 20983: 20942: 20841: 20800: 20759: 20676: 20635: 20594: 20505: 20464: 20423: 20382: 19802: 19426: 19356: 19315: 18922: 18881: 18840: 18756: 18583: 18334: 7240: 6260: 5286:

Tutu was the tutelary god of Borsippa at least between Ur III and Old Babylonian periods. Later he was syncretised with Marduk, and in

4317:, Dumuzid and Ningishzida are described as guarding the gates of the highest Heaven. Ningishzida was associated with the constellation 3794:. Two epic poems about Lugalbanda describe him successfully crossing dangerous mountains alone, though hindered by severe illness. The 3049:, the queen of the Underworld. His name probably originally meant "canal inspector of An" and he may be merely an alternative name for 2205:

documents from Sippar she sometimes appeared as a divine witness. A similarly named and possibly related goddess, Annu, was popular in

19886: 18708: 17816: 5979:

Ugallu ("big day" or "big weather beast") was a class of beings in Mesopotamian mythology, attested after the Ur III period. The term

4216:

she's one of the seven birth goddesses, the other 6 being Shuzianna, Ninmada, Ninshar, Ninmug, Mumudu and Ninniginna. Her husband was

4054:

Nanibgal was initially a title or alternate name of Nisaba, but eventually developed into a distinct goddess attested in the god list

3919:

rather than Nergal, and was only introduced to Kutha alongside him. Her name might mean "oath" or "frost" (based on similarity to the

650:. Later he was syncretized with Enlil, and as a result Ninlil was sometimes regarded as his wife, and Ninurta and Zababa as his sons. 24244: 22076:"Comments on the Translatability of Divinity: Cultic and Theological Responses to the Presence of the Other in the Ancient near East" 1546:, a serpentine dragon-like mythical creature, which was later also associated with Tishpak, Marduk (and by extension Nabu) and after 22467: 20690:

Grenzüberschreitungen Studien zur Kulturgeschichte des Alten Orients: Festschrift für Hans Neumann zum 65. Geburtstag am 9. Mai 2018

3704:. Wilfred G. Lambert proposed that Laṣ was a goddess of healing, as an explanatory version of the Weidner god list equates her with 24099: 21277: 16397: 22895: 18217: 2302:

Sherida (Sumerian) or Aya (Akkadian) was the wife of the sun god Utu/Shamash and the goddess of dawn. Her most common epithet was

1124:

Ereshkigal was the queen of the Mesopotamian Underworld. She lived in a palace known as Ganzir. In early accounts, her husband is

24291: 21555: 17918: 235:, writing in 1963, stated that the three most important deities in the Mesopotamian pantheon during all periods were the deities 6691:

The Sumerians regarded Inzak as the chief god of the Dilmunite pantheon, but the Dilmunites themselves regarded him as a god of

6233:

and honoured the god under the name Apollo, using a mixture of Greek and Mesopotamian iconography. A cult of Apollo and Artemis

3950:

Mamu or Mamud was the daughter of Aya and Shamash, worshiped in Sippar. She was the goddess of dreams. Her husband was Bunene.

1876:

In some myths and god lists, Anshar and Kishar are a primordial couple, who are male and female respectively. In the Babylonian

330:. Many major deities in Sumerian mythology were associated with specific celestial bodies: Inanna was believed to be the planet 20151: 5584:

repudiates her sexual advances. Anu gives it to her and she unleashes it on the world, causing mass destruction. Gilgamesh and

5521: 4743:

Nunusdug was a minor goddess from the city of Kisiga, attested only in the Early Dynastic period. Her name means "good woman."

1599: 6423: 5417:

and plants it in the ground, resulting in the growth of eight new plants, which Enki later eats. She also appears in the myth

4276: 2796: 2693: 2650: 1730:

it was Zababa, rather than Ninurta, who was regarded as the primary war god. He was initially regarded as a son of Enlil, but

1091:

Tammuz, is the ancient Mesopotamian god of shepherds and the primary consort of the goddess Inanna. His sister is the goddess

24050: 23876: 23850: 23830: 23810: 23770: 23730: 23656: 23615: 23450: 23336: 23198: 23164: 23092: 22988: 22805: 22665: 22581: 22406: 22386: 22325: 22293: 22208: 22087: 22004: 21962: 21832: 21711: 21690: 21672: 21615: 21545: 21503: 21400: 21369: 21300: 21247: 21203: 21172: 21111: 21082: 21043: 20697: 20656: 20615: 20293: 20262: 20238: 20100: 20067: 20036: 20004: 19896: 19876: 19850: 19819: 19782: 19689: 19629: 19617: 19568: 19539: 19521: 19474: 19406: 19272: 19245: 19227: 19162: 19144: 19113: 19050: 19027: 18979: 18961: 18941: 18798: 18689: 18671: 18649: 18624: 18604: 18409: 18355: 18265: 18230: 18207: 18144: 18098: 17928: 17888: 17826: 17806: 6934:

An Elamite goddess regarded as analogous to Ishtar by modern researchers, but incorrectly assumed to be an alternate name of

6889:

and developed a distinct apotropaic role as early as in the Old Babylonian period. Mesopotamians viewed her as sister of the

5443:

Wer was a weather god worshiped chiefly in northern Babylonia and in Assyria. He appears in an Old Babylonian version of the

130:

which were normally stored inside their temples and were used to transport their cult statues along waterways during various

23574: 23533: 23492: 23411: 22947: 22758: 22542: 22046: 21462: 21133: 21004: 20963: 20922: 20821: 20780: 20739: 20574: 20485: 20444: 20403: 20362: 20299: 19695: 19336: 19295: 18902: 18861: 18820: 18736: 18563: 18314: 3615:

Lagamar, whose name means "no mercy" in Akkadian was a minor god worshiped in Dilbat as the son of the city's tutelary god,

24239: 24028: 23941: 18788: 7223:

was probably written and compiled after the exile, when the Jews were allowed to return to their homeland by the Persians.

4821:

Panigingarra was a god worshiped in Adab who was the son of Ninhursag and Shulpa'e. One inscription calls him the "lord of

4769:. He was a member of a group of deities that were worshipped in Harran during the Neo-Assyrian Period by the predominately 17: 18592: 3065:

that she is descending to the Underworld to attend the funeral of "Gugalanna, the husband of my elder sister Ereshkigal".

1880:, they are the second pair of offspring born from Abzu and Tiamat and the parents of the supreme An. A partial rewrite of 24321: 23976: 23951: 23933: 8459:"Star-god: Enki/Ea and the biblical god as expressions of a common ancient Near Eastern astral-theological symbol system" 4241:

Ninkilim was a deity who was associated with mongooses, which are common throughout southern Mesopotamia. According to a

2681: 2396: 1929: 22376: 20090: 6942:

proposes that her worship was transmitted there from a Mesopotamian source. An Akkadian god list known from a copy from

2768:

Ennugi was a god regarded as "lord of ditch and canal" and "chamberlain of Enlil." Based on similar meaning of the name

24199: 24136: 24077: 23698: 23069: 6586: 23148: 21213: 17796: 1991:, it is highly probable that she was originally conceived as the personification of the subterranean primeval waters. 24351: 23129: 22623: 21582: 20529: 19974: 19649: 19598: 19492: 19445: 19134: 18998: 18291: 5516: 4982: 989: 22789:

Von Göttern und Menschen: Beiträge zu Literatur und Geschichte des Alten Orients. Festschrift für Brigitte Groneberg

22198: 6756:, Jabru was a god similar to Anu or Enlil. While described as Elamite, he is not attested in any sources from Elam. 4163:

Ningikuga is a goddess of reeds and marshes. Her name means "Lady of the Pure Reed". She is the daughter of Anu and

3820:

Lugal-irra and Meslamta-ea are a set of twin gods who were worshipped in the village of Kisiga, located in northern

1180: 263:

was the king of the gods, and Anu, Enlil and Enki merely his advisers, likely a view espoused by Nanna's priests in

24640: 24104: 23288: 23045: 22228:

Richter, T. (2004). "Untersuchenungen zu den lokalen Panthea Süd- und Mittelbabyloniens in altbabylonidcher Zeit".

21343: 20268: 19099: 18183: 18070: 18010: 17966: 5897:. He was a beneficent entity who protected against winds bearing pestilence and he was thought to be able to force 5735:

Kulullu ("fish man") was an apotropaic creature depicted a centaur-like fish-man. In one text it has the head of a

4265:, the deity of mongooses, at an early date, but she is a distinct deity as late as during the reign of Esarhaddon. 2788: 2642: 1318:

his position is similar to that of Sin, Shamash and Ishtar. Ishkur is already attested as the god of Karkar in the

22161: 20894: 19103: 18496: 18219:

Goddesses in Context: On Divine Powers, Roles, Relationships and Gender in Mesopotamian Textual and Visual Sources

6965:

Shalash was the wife of the Syrian god Dagan. She appears with her husband in cylinder seal inscriptions from the

3263:, "the river that receives man" or "the river which confronts man," could refer both to him and to the procedure. 1885:

other late sources Anshar was sometimes listed among "conquered" mythical antagonists. In a fragmentary text from

448:

could not look upon him. His cult was closely tied to the holy city of Nippur and, after Nippur was sacked by the

24269: 22871: 22242: 5968: 5010: 2929:

to him there in around 100 AD. He was a syncretic deity, combining elements of Greco-Roman and Babylonian cults.

2336: 19866: 4293:

and his name may be etymologically derived from a phrase meaning "Lord of the Good Tree". In the Sumerian poem,

952: 670: 24645: 22731: 22679: 22637: 22514: 22420: 22347: 22018: 21934: 21846: 21646: 21261: 20711: 20254:

Sumerian Mythology: A Study of Spiritual and Literary Achievement in the Third Millennium B.C.: Revised Edition

19574: 17902: 6798:

An Elamite deity known chiefly from a passage mentioning "the forest of Manziniri." She appears in a letter of

3662: 2898: 1022: 259:, rather than Enki, as the third most prominent deity. An Old Babylonian source preserves a tradition in which 24055: 23744: 23704: 23464: 23383: 22595: 22264:

Rogers, John H. (1998), "Origins of the Ancient Astronomical Constellations: I: The Mesopotamian Traditions",

22101: 21976: 21882: 21806: 19980: 19663: 19511: 19217: 18436: 18385: 18112: 7101:). It is agreed that he had foreign roots. While in early scholarly works Hurrian origin (and a connection to 5811:, a singular Lahmu and his consort Lahamu (whose name is derived from the same root) are a primordial couple. 5039:

Shullat and Hanish were a pair of gods regarded as twins, and usually mentioned together. In tablet XI of the

1977:

Nammu is the primordial goddess who, in some Sumerian traditions, was said to have given birth to both An and

24630: 24454: 24165: 23662: 22888:"An/Anu (god): Mesopotamian sky-god, one of the supreme deities; known as An in Sumerian and Anu in Akkadian" 21359: 21101: 20205: 5515:(the clay tablets recording all the aspects of civilization) from Enki. In Akkadian mythology, he steals the 5385:

Uttu was the goddess of weaving. Her name was a term for a part of a loom and a cognate of the Sumerian verb

4113:

in some locations. "Ninegal" could also function as an epithet of other deities, especially Inanna, but also

3328:

in which he tells Anu that the reason why the south wind does not blow is because Adapa, the priest of Ea in

1282:. The city god of Kish, Zababa, became her husband. She remained a major goddess of that city as late as the 925:

of Kish (c. 2700 BCE). She was the wife of Enki, though in some locations (including Nippur) her husband was

724:, where in sources from the late first millennium BCE he is the most frequently attested foreign god next to 302:, the most powerful and important deities in the pantheon were sometimes called the "seven gods who decree": 21731:

James, Peter; Van der Sluijs, Marius Anthony (2008), "Ziggurats, Colors, and Planets: Rawlinson Revisited",

19812:

The other gods who are: studies in Elamite-Iranian acculturation based on the Persepolis fortification texts

18951: 6362:. In Dura-Europos, she had a temple separate from that of Artemis and shared iconographic similarities with 5754: 5596:

after defeating it may be an effort to explain why the constellation seems to be missing its hind quarters.

4620:

Ninsun was a goddess whose name can be understood as "lady of the wild cows." She was the divine consort of

3187:Ḫegir, later known as Ḫegirnunna, was one of the seven deities referred to as "septuplets of Bau" or "seven 896: 24538: 24359: 24286: 21701: 21162: 19464: 5841: 5199:

Silili is an obscure goddess who was apparently the mother of all horses. She is only attested once in the

4562:. Her worship is first attested during the Third Dynasty of Ur and she continued to be venerated until the 4058:

and in a number of rituals. She had her own spouse, Ennugi, and own distinct role as a courtier of Ninlil.

3019: 1686:

almost entirely disappeared from records. Texts mentioning Nisaba are sporadically attested as far west as

23800: 19516:, Berkeley, California, Los Angeles, California, and London, England: The University of California Press, 19182:"Religious continuity and change in Parthian Mesopotamia: A note on the survival of Babylonian traditions" 5785: 877:

is forced to take her place in the Underworld. Alongside her twin brother Utu, Inanna was the enforcer of

24070: 20057: 7170: 5570:

The Bull of Heaven is a mythical beast that Ishtar demands from her father Anu in both the Sumerian poem

4803: 2838:

and he eventually came to be seen as merely an aspect of him. The names came to be used interchangeably.

460:

of the Babylonians, and Assur, who fulfilled an analogous role for the Assyrians. He was associated with

22911: 22696:"A New Join to the Hurro-Akkadian Version of the Weidner God List from Emar (Msk 74.108a + Msk 74.158k)" 21193: 21103:

Celibacy in the Ancient World: Its Ideal and Practice in Pre-Hellenistic Israel, Mesopotamia, and Greece

19931:"Erra (god); God of war and plagues, who later became closely associated with the underworld god Nergal" 3798:

makes him a shepherd, who reigned for 1,200 years. He has a close relationship with the goddess Inanna.

24189: 24141: 24013: 21338: 5271:

Tashmetu is attested relatively late and is not mentioned in texts prior to the Old Babylonian Period.

5262:, the god of scribes and wisdom; in Babylonian mythology, this role is instead assigned to the goddess 3803: 1828:

who was killed by the god Ea (Enki). Abzu was the personification of the subterranean primeval waters.

139: 23190:

Family Religion in Babylonia, Ugarit and Israel: Continuity and Changes in the Forms of Religious Life

7211:

was probably edited and redacted by Judahite priests living in Babylon during the exile. The works of

4336:

Ningublaga was associated with cattle. He was believed to oversee the herds belonging to the moon god

3900:

Mami or Mama is a mother goddess whose name means "mother". She may be the same goddess as Ninhursag.

2974:. She was the sister of Dumuzid, the god of shepherds. In one myth, she protects her brother when the 24635: 24439: 24404: 24082: 23991: 23327:

Westenholz, Joan Goodnick (1997). "Nanaya: Lady of Mystery". In Finkel, I. L.; Geller, M. J. (eds.).

20229:

Klein, Jacob (1997). "The God Martu in Sumerian Literature". In Finkel, I. L.; Geller, M. J. (eds.).

19907:"Tašmetu (goddess); Divine consort of the god Nabu, associated with wisdom and sexual attractiveness" 19906: 6043:

Ušumgallu ("prime venomous snake") was an apotropaic snake monster similar to bašmu. In the god list

21993:"The Literary Corpus of the Old Babylonian Larsa Dynasties: New Texts, New Readings, and Commentary" 20130: 6556:

In Mesopotamia, the cult of Herakles was syncretised with the cults of Nergal and the Persian deity

6276:

was brought from Antioch to Seleucia on the Eulaios in Elymais. The Greek settlers on the island of

3224:

Humhum was a minor god worshiped in Dūr-Šarruku (also known as Sippar-Aruru) in northern Babylonia.

24331: 24204: 24065: 24033: 24023: 23304: 19930: 6707:. During the Neo-Babylonian Period, Inzak was identified with Nabu under the latter's name Mu'ati. 2724:

as the personification of the irrigation system, though the evidence is scarce. ppears in the myth

2391:

Most historians generally agree that Gilgamesh was a historical king of the Sumerian city-state of

1639: 1262:

elevated Bau's rank to equal of that of Ningirsu, and called her "Queen who decides the destiny in

452:

in 1230 BC, his cult fell into decline. He was eventually paralleled in his role as chief deity by

427: 279:, it found no royal support at any point in time. In Zabban, a city in the northeast of Babylonia, 201: 24234: 21745: 6333: 4517:

the court of Enlil and was regarded as his personal butcher. Her husband was Erragal. In the myth

3512:

Kanisurra (also Gansurra, Ganisurra) was a goddess from the entourage of Nanaya. She was known as

2861:

I 316, Erragal is listed as the husband of the goddess Ninisig and is equated with Nergal. in the

24429: 24414: 24274: 24184: 23215: 19181: 7245: 7208: 7015: 6509: 6277: 6246: 6153: 5276: 5267: 3356:, both in legal documents and in texts about the underworld. Ishmekarab's gender is unclear, but 23956: 6893:, equated with "Divine Seven of Elam" – a Mesopotamian grouping of Elamite gods – in god lists. 6526:

Hahharnum and Hayyashum were the Mesopotamian adaptation of Hurrian words for heaven and earth,

5836:." She was believed to feed on the blood of human infants and was widely blamed as the cause of 3757:

Lugala'abba ("Lord of the Sea") was a god associated both with the sea and with the underworld.

3144:. He was worshipped mostly during the Third Dynasty of Ur, when he had temples in the cities of 2803:), which describes how Enlil, hoping "to establish abundance and prosperity", creates two gods: 2657:), which describes how Enlil, hoping "to establish abundance and prosperity", creates two gods: 2226:

Asarluhi was originally a local god of the village of Kuara, which was located near the city of

1266:." This made her the highest ranking goddess of the local pantheon of Lagash, putting her above 24496: 24476: 24419: 24369: 24341: 24316: 24224: 24001: 23986: 23971: 23153:

Struggles of Gods: Papers of the Groningen Work Group for the Study of the History of Religions

21740: 21410: 20125: 6226: 5589: 3825: 260: 23690: 22787: 19466:

The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Sacred Texts

19365: 19040: 6612:. In Mesopotamia she was worshiped alongside other western deities, such as Dagan and Išḫara. 1924:

Enki and Ninki were two primordial beings who were regarded as the first generation among the

24565: 24516: 24481: 24464: 24444: 24399: 24394: 24389: 24301: 24254: 24119: 23946: 23188: 7188: 6885:

An Elamite goddess known from Susa who in Mesopotamia was regarded as analogous to Ishtar or

6051:

of Ninkilim, while in some later texts it is stated to be Nabu's dragon instead of mušḫuššu.

4951: 4318: 2420: 2307: 1615: 1498: 1309: 1283: 1279: 1119: 1011:

rivers to make them useful for irrigation. His major symbols were a perched bird and a plow.

22694:

Simons, Frank (2017), Hazenbos, Joost; Mittermayer; Novák, Mirko; Suter, Claudia E. (eds.),

21639:

Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi

7035:

Shuqamuna and Shumaliya were a pair of Kassite gods regarded as the tutelary deities of the

6085: 4870: 1893:

times he is seemingly vanquished by Enki and an otherwise little known goddess Ninamakalla.

1379:

Ištaran was a prominent god, who served as the tutelary deity of the Sumerian city-state of

24575: 24528: 24523: 24491: 24153: 22436: 22273: 19733:

Harris, Rivkah (February 1991), "Inanna-Ishtar as Paradox and a Coincidence of Opposites",

18700: 7204: 5922:

A group of 7 anthropomorphic figures variously described as servants of Nergal, as sons of

5130:

Shuzianna was a goddess regarded as the second wife of Enlil. She also appears in the myth

4825:." In late sources he was syncretised with Ninurta. He appears in a poorly preserved myth, 4770: 3738:. In Sumerian times, Lisin was viewed as a mother goddess. She is identified with the star 2971: 2943:

Gazbaba was a goddess closely associated with Nanaya, like her connected with erotic love.

2874: 862: 126:

was believed to be that deity's literal place of residence. The gods had boats, full-sized

24296: 22786:

Staiger, Annabelle (2010). Shehata, Dahlia; Weiershäuser, Frauke; Zand, Kamran V. (eds.).

7203:, and deported the elite members of Judahite society to Babylon in an event known as the " 5849: 4989:, Shara is one of the three deities who come to greet her upon her return. In the myth of 4726:

with the epithet Ninkurra, "lady of the underworld." According to one hymn her mother was

1542: 8: 24560: 24364: 24179: 23184: 22912:"Ninsi'anna (god/goddess); Deity of the planet Venus; an aspect of Inana/Ištar as Venus." 19108:, New York City, new York and London, England: Continuum International Publishing Group, 18972:

The Hellenistic settlements in the East from Armenia and Mesopotamia to Bactria and India

7109:

etymology for his name, as well as for the name of his son Nanshak known from god lists.

6898: 6577:

Humban was an Elamite god associated with the concept of kingship and divine protection (

5798: 4653: 4020: 3866:

Reading of the theonym LUM-ma is unclear. The god bearing it was regarded as a guardian (

3697: 2716:

Enkimdu is described as the "lord of dike and canal". His character has been compared to

2373: 1271: 143: 22277: 22118:"Ishtar of Nineveh and Her Collaborator, Ishtar of Arbela, in the Reign of Assurbanipal" 19622:

The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Babylonian Epic Poem and Other Texts in Akkadian and Sumerian

16392: 6249:

in the Persian Gulf, which had a garrison who built many structures in the Greek style.

5662: 5483: 3485:). Kakka is not to be confused with a different unrelated deity named Kakka, known from 985: 24326: 24281: 24094: 24060: 23882: 23375: 23280: 23037: 22887: 22863: 22855: 22723: 22185: 22153: 22145: 21926: 21798: 21766: 21758: 21426: 20886: 20878: 20338: 20330: 20248: 20197: 19758: 19750: 19722: 19204: 18488: 18480: 18175: 18062: 18054: 18002: 17958: 17863: 6804: 6605: 6594: 5678: 5030: 3795: 3357: 2733: 2331: 1925: 405: 232: 131: 64:

Map showing the extent of Mesopotamia and its major cities relative to modern landmarks

22487:"The Storm-Gods of the Ancient Near East: Summary, Synthesis, Recent Studies: Part II" 20078:"The Worship of the Skygod: A Comparative Study in Semitic and Indo-European Religion" 18936:, Orientalische Relionen in der Antik, vol. 16, Tübingen, Germany: Mohr Siebeck, 6863:

text, where she appears alongside Kumarbi and Samnuha as one of the deities of Taite.

6515: 5359: 5351: 5350:, a divine representation of the city of Uruk itself. She was closely associated with 5048: 3083:

and thus sister of Damu. She was not associated with other healing goddesses, such as

1630:, Ninshubur rescues Inanna from the monsters that Enki sends to capture her, while in 1588:, normally regarded as the son of Shamash and his wife, is instead the son of Ninlil. 24590: 24409: 24089: 24008: 23886: 23872: 23846: 23826: 23806: 23776: 23766: 23736: 23726: 23694: 23652: 23629: 23588: 23547: 23506: 23456: 23446: 23425: 23379: 23367: 23332: 23272: 23233: 23194: 23160: 23135: 23125: 23106: 23065: 23029: 23002: 22961: 22867: 22847: 22801: 22772: 22727: 22715: 22671: 22661: 22629: 22619: 22587: 22577: 22556: 22506: 22459: 22412: 22402: 22382: 22361: 22321: 22299: 22289: 22204: 22157: 22137: 22093: 22083: 22060: 22010: 22000: 21968: 21958: 21930: 21918: 21874: 21838: 21828: 21802: 21770: 21707: 21686: 21668: 21621: 21611: 21578: 21541: 21531: 21517: 21476: 21430: 21396: 21365: 21306: 21296: 21292: 21253: 21243: 21199: 21168: 21147: 21107: 21088: 21078: 21049: 21039: 21018: 20977: 20936: 20890: 20870: 20835: 20794: 20753: 20703: 20693: 20670: 20629: 20588: 20535: 20525: 20499: 20458: 20417: 20376: 20342: 20289: 20258: 20234: 20201: 20189: 20143: 20110: 20096: 20063: 20032: 20022: 20010: 20000: 19970: 19892: 19872: 19846: 19831:"The Hellenistic Archives from Tel Kedesh (Israel) and Seleucia-on-the-Tigris (Iraq)" 19815: 19796: 19762: 19685: 19655: 19645: 19625: 19604: 19594: 19564: 19545: 19535: 19517: 19498: 19488: 19470: 19451: 19441: 19420: 19388:(16), Chicago, Illinois: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago: 127–140 19350: 19309: 19268: 19251: 19241: 19223: 19208: 19168: 19158: 19140: 19109: 19087: 19046: 19023: 19004: 18994: 18975: 18957: 18937: 18916: 18875: 18834: 18794: 18764:

Budin, Stephanie L. (2004), "A Reconsideration of the Aphrodite-Ashtart Syncretism",

18750: 18685: 18667: 18645: 18620: 18600: 18577: 18538: 18492: 18472: 18415: 18405: 18361: 18351: 18328: 18287: 18261: 18226: 18203: 18167: 18140: 18104: 18094: 18066: 18046: 17994: 17950: 17924: 17894: 17884: 17867: 17822: 17802: 7200: 6966: 6659: 6442: 5576: 5444: 3920: 3692:, she became the goddess most commonly identified as such starting with the reign of 3575: 2863: 2619: 2434: 2425: 2283:

instead, in which case the conflation was meant to highlight the latter's authority.

2162: 1904: 1442: 1213:

Ninkarrak, most likely of Akkadian, rather than Sumerian, origin, worshiped in Sippar

701: 299: 96: 92: 24306: 22437:"The Storm-Gods of the Ancient Near East: Summary, Synthesis, Recent Studies Part I" 21703:

Greek Myths and Mesopotamia: Parallels and Influence in the Homeric Hymns and Hesiod

20077: 19997:

A reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian god lists, AN:A-nu-umm and AN:Anu šá Ameli

18511:

Beckman, Gary (1999). "The Goddess Pirinkir and Her Ritual from Ḫattuša (CTH 644)".

5855: 2153:

2334 BC – 2154 BC) as a consort for Anu, and appears in such a role in the god list

1106: 123: 29: 24606: 24594: 24550: 24434: 24336: 24311: 24219: 24131: 24124: 24109: 23925: 23864: 23686: 23359: 23264: 23223: 22839: 22793: 22707: 22498: 22451: 22129: 21910: 21790: 21750: 21570: 21418: 21288: 20862: 20322: 20181: 20135: 19962: 19842: 19742: 19714: 19196: 19079: 19036: 18773: 18528: 18520: 18464: 18279: 18132: 18038: 17855: 7174: 7106: 5295: 4341: 3971: 2926: 2690: 1849: 1845: 1384: 1339: 1207:

Nintinugga, "mistress who revives the dead," worshiped in Ninlil's temple in Nippur

878: 697: 687: 193: 135: 72: 23603: 23080: 22976: 21997:

Studia Mesopotamica 3: Jahrbuch für altorientalische Geschichte und Kultur. Band 3

21491: 21392:

The Shape of Ancient Thought: Comparative Studies in Greek and Indian Philosophies

20644: 20603: 19830: 19770: 19394: 5588:

eventually slay the bull. The Bull of Heaven is identified with the constellation

4907:, the local god of the Sumerian city-state of Der. Her name means "Queen of Der". 4761:

Nusku is the god of fire and light. He was the son and minister of Enlil. The god

2793: 2647: 2315: 1908:

Enlil instead. They appear for the first time in an incantation from the reign of

1405:

of Lagash mentions himself having installed a shrine for Ištaran in the temple of

865:, in which she attempts to conquer the Underworld, the domain of her older sister 60: 24424: 24259: 24209: 23981: 23840: 23820: 23562: 23521: 23480: 23399: 22935: 22746: 22530: 22315: 22034: 21662: 21450: 21121: 20992: 20951: 20910: 20809: 20768: 20727: 20562: 20473: 20432: 20391: 20350: 20283: 19679: 19641:

The Babylonian Gilgamesh epic: introduction, critical edition and cuneiform texts

19435: 19324: 19283: 19017: 18890: 18849: 18808: 18724: 18614: 18551: 18302: 18283: 18255: 16401: 7036: 6808: 6626: 5807: 5708:

Kingaludda was a demon whose name means "director of the storm." In the god list

5013:. It is assumed that the name is etymologically connected with the Akkadian word 4563: 4337: 3300: 3252: 2922: 2800: 2697: 2654: 2622:

proposed that she should be understood as a deification of the ewe (adult female

2265: 2146: 2005: 1890: 1886: 1820: 1774: 1756:

Various civilizations over the course of Mesopotamian history had many different

1456: 1350: 1088: 825: 733: 319: 118:, but that a god's statue was a physical embodiment of the god himself. As such, 24040: 23894: 23122:

Immigration and emigration within the ancient Near East: Festschrift E. Lipiński

21955:

Studia Mesopotamica: Jahrbuch für altorientalische Geschichte und Kultur. Band 1

20139: 18787:(2005), "Chapter Twenty: Near Eastern Connections", in Foley, John Miles (ed.), 18660:"Issues and Problems in the Contemporary Debate Regarding the Priestly Writings" 7235: 6874: 6644: 5743:

a pair of kulullu statues (one male and one female) guarded the temple of Nabu.

5493: 5393:(spider). She was worshiped in E-ešgar ("house of work assignment), part of the 1837: 24545: 24214: 24194: 24160: 24148: 24018: 23996: 23363: 22502: 22455: 22311: 20185: 20028:

Toward the Image of Tammuz and Other Essays on Mesopotamian History and Culture

18784: 18777: 7250: 7192: 6696: 5554: 5511: 4359:

Ninigizibara was a deified harp who could be regarded as an advisor of Inanna.

3932: 3887: 3747: 3709: 3584: 2772:

to the former title, it has been proposed that they might have been analogous.

2329:

The name Bēl-ṣarbi means "lord of the poplar" (the tree meant is assumed to be

2199: 2158: 2132: 2075: 2009:, after the separation of heaven and earth, the goddess Tiamat and her consort 1917: 1159: 1035: 692:

Nabu was the Mesopotamian god of scribes and writing. His wife was the goddess

563: 298:

The number seven was extremely important in ancient Mesopotamian cosmology. In

167:

Various terms were employed to describe groups of deities. The collective term

22797: 22303: 22133: 21899:"UET 6/1, 74, the Hymnic Introduction of a Sumerian Letter-Prayer to Ninšubur" 21574: 20707: 20515:"Drachenmutter und Himmelsrebe? Zur Frühgeschichte Dumuzis und seiner Familie" 20313:

Kramer, Samuel Noah (1983), "The Sumerian Deluge Myth: Reviewed and Revised",

19966: 19172: 18664:

The strata of the priestly writings: contemporary debate and future directions

18042: 17898: 17859: 5447:, which states that the cedar mountain belonged to him, and that he appointed 5051:. Shulgi of Ur built a temple dedicated to them, but its location is unknown. 4607: 4470:

Ninmug was the tutelary goddess of metal workers. She was the wife of the god

4217: 1049:. He was also associated with forest fires (and identified with the fire-god, 24624: 24555: 24506: 24449: 24384: 24114: 23740: 23371: 23276: 23237: 23033: 22851: 22719: 22675: 22510: 22463: 22141: 22097: 22014: 21972: 21922: 21878: 21842: 21310: 21257: 21092: 20874: 20193: 20147: 20014: 19255: 19091: 18542: 18476: 18365: 18344:"A Study of the Geography of 1 Enoch 17–19: No One Has Seen What I Have Seen" 18171: 18108: 18050: 18037:. British Institute for the Study of Iraq, Cambridge University Press: 3–17. 17998: 17954: 17798:

When Heroes Love: The Ambiguity of Eros in the Stories of Gilgamesh and David

7212: 6904: 6464: 5882: 5452: 5071: 4487: 3777: 3705: 3688:

Laṣ was one of the goddesses who could be regarded as the wife of Nergal. In

3153: 3130: 2288: 2221: 1757: 1241: 1235: 1080: 642:. It has been proposed that originally he was the deification of the city of 34: 23780: 23460: 23139: 22633: 22591: 22416: 21422: 21221: 21053: 20539: 19659: 19608: 19549: 19502: 19455: 19200: 19008: 18524: 18419: 18156:"A Royal Seal from Ebla (17th cent. B.C.) with Hittite Hieroglyphic Symbols" 6712: 4289:

Ningishzida is a god who normally lives in the Underworld. He is the son of

2822: 2122:, and one of the two sisters of Ningishzida. She is known from the god list 549:. Enki was the divine benefactor of humanity, who helped humans survive the 24471: 24379: 22792:. Cuneiform Monographs (in German). Vol. 41. Brill. pp. 225–236. 22711: 21824:

God lists from Old Babylonian Nippur in the University Museum, Philadelphia

21625: 6998:

Shaushka was a Hurrian goddess regarded as analogous to Ishtar ("Ishtar of

6939: 6938:

in the past. She was also worshiped by Hurrians in Syria and Anatolia, and

6355: 6311: 6193: 6103: 5837: 5306: 4881: 4811: 4700: 4494: 4349: 4344:

role, and appears in many incantations, for example against scorpion bite.

4000: 3940: 3725: 3693: 3529: 3294: 3062: 2737: 2497: 2246: 2195: 1978: 1718: 1703: 1673: 1451: 1250: 1133: 909: 717: 567:, the tablets concerning all aspects of human life. He was associated with 461: 457: 397: 23868: 23268: 23228: 20522:

Literatur, Politik und Recht in Mesopotamien: Festschrift für Claus Wilcke

18642:

Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary

18136: 6030: 5227: 5017:, "to dry" or "to be dry." A less likely proposal instead derives it from 3642:

Laguda was a god associated with the Persian Gulf. He appears in the text

2260:. His mother replaced him as the tutelary deity of Adab in later periods. 1210:

Ninisina, who in addition to her primary role was also the goddess of Isin

24570: 24511: 24459: 24264: 23216:"The Family God in Old Babylonian and Especially in Old Assyrian Sources" 21914: 21779:"Two New Sumerian Texts Involving The Netherworld and Funerary Offerings" 21220:, Religion & Ethics, The British Broadcasting Company, archived from 18953:

The Origin of Biblical Traditions: Hebrew Legends in Babylonia and Israel

18533: 10749: 9092: 7065: 6834:. She was sometimes referred to as Nin-Dilmun, meaning "Lady of Dilmun". 6638: 6557: 6412: 6401: 6163: 6079: 5868: 5696:

Kilili was a demon or minor goddess who served as a messenger of Ishtar.

5314: 4961: 4898: 4699:, Numushda's unnamed daughter insists on marrying the nomadic desert god 4670:. He was identified with snakes and may appear in the form of a snake on 4661: 4532: 4270: 4231: 3992: 3978: 3651: 3624: 3616: 3486: 3353: 3165: 2990: 2960: 2903: 2577: 2473:) of the underworld. In older publications his name was read as Neti. In 2242: 2206: 1957: 1909: 1731: 1695: 1694:, though it is uncertain if she was actively venerated further west than 1547: 1529: 1427:. A reference to Ištaran as a dying god appears also in a late text from 1380: 1372: 1319: 1092: 905: 721: 617: 375: 335: 292: 111: 88: 23284: 23120:

van der Toorn, Karel (1995). "Migration and the Spread of Local Cults".

23041: 22658:

Ancient Near Eastern art in context: studies in honor of Irene J. Winter

22189: 21794: 21762: 21754: 21333: 20109:

Kasak, Enn; Veede, Raul (2001), Kõiva, Mare; Kuperjanov, Andres (eds.),

18179: 18058: 18006: 17962: 17801:, New York City, New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 130–131, 17772: 17736: 15384: 15382: 14865: 14863: 14861: 14859: 14578: 14576: 14574: 14561: 14559: 14557: 14544: 14542: 14299: 14297: 14076: 14074: 14072: 13940: 13938: 13936: 13934: 13882: 13880: 13878: 13876: 13406: 13404: 13402: 13400: 12747: 12745: 11859: 11857: 11855: 11853: 11851: 11849: 11847: 11687: 11685: 11672: 11670: 11645: 11643: 11641: 11541: 11539: 11514: 11512: 11369: 11367: 11365: 10704: 10702: 10700: 10687: 10685: 10683: 10480: 10478: 9740: 9738: 9663: 9661: 9588: 9586: 9584: 9070: 5075: 4778: 3279: 2335:) in Akkadian. He could also function as one of the gods connected with 1501:

revived (or continued) her cult, making her the royal tutelary goddess.

1045:

Nergal was associated with the Underworld and is usually the husband of

786: 24486: 24374: 23311:, Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus, UK Higher Education Academy, 23252: 23017: 22918:, Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus, UK Higher Education Academy, 22894:, Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus, UK Higher Education Academy, 22573:

Untersuchungen zur Götterwelt des altsumerischen Stadtstaates von Lagaš

22249:, Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus, UK Higher Education Academy, 22149: 20882: 20334: 20252: 19937:, Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus, UK Higher Education Academy, 19913:, Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus, UK Higher Education Academy, 19754: 19384:

Falkenstein, A. (1965), "Die Anunna in der sumerischen Überlieferung",

18484: 18155: 18026: 17982: 17938: 17877:"Puzur-Inšušinak, the last king of Akkad? Text and Image Reconsidered." 15016: 15014: 14829: 14827: 14825: 14695: 14693: 14517: 14515: 14513: 14423: 14421: 14419: 14253: 14251: 13863: 13861: 13859: 13628: 13626: 13624: 13622: 12812: 12766: 12764: 12762: 12760: 12610: 12608: 12606: 12604: 12602: 12589: 12587: 12585: 12351: 12349: 12347: 12205: 11604: 11602: 10847: 9826: 9824: 9822: 9820: 9818: 9816: 9814: 9782: 9780: 9765: 9755: 9753: 9701: 9699: 9697: 9695: 9682: 9680: 9678: 9676: 9646: 9636: 9634: 9609: 9607: 9605: 9603: 9601: 9145: 9123: 9121: 9119: 9068: 9066: 9064: 9062: 9060: 9058: 9056: 9054: 9052: 9050: 9025: 9023: 9021: 9019: 9017: 7666: 7664: 7662: 7255: 7216: 7180: 7150: 7142: 6845: 6799: 6667: 6609: 6310:) was an Amorite goddess who in Mesopotamia came to be associated with 6149: 6111: 6008: 5923: 5822: 5681:

have been proposed in scholarship, they are not regarded as plausible.

5601: 5135: 5098: 4990: 4978: 4972: 4888:"Ashratum, the foreigner." In Uruk she was associated with Belet-Seri. 4834: 4727: 4621: 4521:, she appears as one of the seven assistants of the eponymous goddess. 4425: 4326: 4063: 3916: 3762: 3435: 3431: 3337: 3225: 3196: 3115: 3046: 2970:

Geshtinanna was a rural agricultural goddess sometimes associated with

2869: 2816: 2601: 2457: 2404: 2344: 2084: 1937: 1699: 1525: 1493: 1169: 1100: 1076: 1046: 866: 709: 550: 512: 404:. Anu's supremacy was therefore "always somewhat nominal" according to 160: 119: 22859: 22117: 21038:. Chicago, Illinois: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. 20850: 19726: 19083: 18452: 14960: 14958: 14593: 14591: 12072: 12070: 12068: 8061: 8059: 8057: 8055: 8053: 6980: 6777: 6718: 6699:, where a temple was dedicated to him. He appears, alongside his wife 6129: 5725: 4904: 4667: 2188: 2046: 1536:

during the third millennium BCE, but he was later supplanted there by

1365: 1150:, Ereshkigal is described as Inanna's "older sister". In the god list 24533: 24501: 23722:

A reassessment of Asherah: with further considerations of the goddess

23028:. Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO)/Institut für Orientalistik: 1–44. 22827: 18793:, New York City, New York and London, England: Blackwell Publishing, 17252: 15469: 15379: 14856: 14705: 14654: 14571: 14554: 14539: 14433: 14294: 14263: 14236: 14173: 14110: 14069: 13931: 13892: 13873: 13397: 13159: 12742: 11881: 11869: 11844: 11682: 11667: 11655: 11638: 11626: 11614: 11587: 11551: 11536: 11509: 11362: 10697: 10680: 10490: 10475: 10410: 10362: 10350: 10338: 10263: 10239: 9735: 9723: 9711: 9658: 9619: 9581: 9104: 9035: 8851: 8458: 7196: 6947: 6935: 6831: 6582: 6475: 6408: 6327: 5771: 5748: 5581: 5430: 5120: 5083: 5056: 4625: 4579: 4526: 4479: 4298: 4251: 4242: 4172: 4153: 3928: 3821: 3787: 3735: 3689: 3564: 3502: 3494: 3490: 3245: 3173: 3084: 3036: 2769: 2430: 2363: 2276: 2253: 2172: 2119: 2062: 1742: 1727: 1647: 1593: 1576: 1335: 1173: 1125: 1008: 926: 886: 842: 651: 601: 516: 412:

a multicolored stone (red, white and black) was associated with him.

339: 315: 276: 256: 22695: 22654:"Shulgi-simti and the Representation of Women in Historical Sources" 22653: 22611: 22486: 22396: 22335: 21992: 21898: 21822: 21634: 21237: 21106:, A Michael Glazier Book, Collegeville, Maryland: Liturgical Press, 20866: 20685: 20326: 19709:

Hallo, William W. (1996), "Review: Enki and the Theology of Eridu",

19558: 18468: 17876: 17216: 15011: 14822: 14690: 14678: 14666: 14510: 14416: 14369: 14248: 14086: 13856: 13619: 12800: 12757: 12599: 12582: 12344: 11781: 11599: 11379: 9811: 9777: 9750: 9692: 9673: 9631: 9598: 9116: 9080: 9047: 9014: 8949: 8947: 7659: 6456: 5607: 5115:

Shul-utul was the tutelary god of the dynasty started by Ur-Nanshe.

4999: 4502: 3696:. In Assyria, an analogous phenomenon is attested from the reign of 1782:, which is divided into seven tablets. The surviving version of the 1068: 557:, he organizes "in detail every feature of the civilised world." In 23822:

Inanna: Queen of Heaven and Earth: Her Stories and Hymns from Sumer

23720: 23678: 23440: 23347: 22843: 22571: 22381:, Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdman's Publishing Company, 22075: 21950: 21862: 21778: 20025:(2008) , "Toward the Image of Tammuz", in Moran, William L. (ed.), 19954: 19746: 19718: 19639: 18428: 18373: 18086: 14999: 14955: 14588: 14498: 12106: 12065: 10326: 10302: 10251: 8863: 8050: 7786: 7774: 7098: 7088: 7055: 6974: 6830:, it is possible that later on she was identified with Nabu's wife 6816: 6700: 6539: 6479: 6434: 6300: 6293: 6222: 6189: 6137: 6099: 6038: 5997: 5989: 5939: 5898: 5816: 5246: 4925: 4849: 4799: 4766: 4681: 4559: 4384: 4340:. Consumption of beef was regarded as taboo to him. He also had an 4262: 4225: 4016: 3984: 3233: 3092: 3080: 2994: 2753:

Enlilazi was a minor god regarded as the "superintendent of Ekur."

2717: 2670: 2561: 2408: 2355: 2214: 2099: 1787: 1651: 1533: 1513: 1489: 1406: 1193: 1165: 870: 693: 678: 609: 605: 528: 524: 185: 168: 23644: 23253:"On Leeches, Dogs and Gods in Old Babylonian Medical Incantations" 22272:(1), London, England: The British Astronomical Association: 9–28, 20169: 19042:

Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others

19019:

The Dictionary of Mythology: An A-Z of Themes, Legends, and Heroes

16713: 6704: 5592:

and the reason why Enkidu hurls the bull's thigh at Ishtar in the

5534: 5181: 4912: 2944: 1579:, came to be regarded as one and the same as Ninlil, and the myth 647: 342:

was a Venus deity distinct from Inanna in at least some contexts.

21951:"Two New Sumerian Texts Involving the Deities Numushda and Gibil" 19891:, Mesopotamian Civilizations, Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 18513:

Ktèma: Civilisations de l'Orient, de la Grèce et de Rome antiques

16837: 16259: 16257: 10656: 10632: 10453: 10451: 10449: 10227: 9540: 9538: 9367: 8971: 8944: 8264: 8262: 7425: 7423: 7117: 7081: 7048: 6999: 6988: 6955: 6924: 6890: 6868: 6839: 6761: 6630: 6438: 6318: 6254: 6171: 5952: 5917: 5906: 5652: 5448: 5409:

her. She is rescued by Enki's wife Ninhursag, who removes Enki's

5332: 5208: 5044: 4860: 4765:

is sometimes described as his son. Nusku's main symbol was a lit

4688: 4672: 4571: 4444: 4406: 4364: 4302: 4200: 4098: 4079: 4038: 4028: 3955: 3739: 3675: 3603: 3594:

Kusu was a goddess of purification, commonly invoked in Akkadian

3556: 3308: 3268: 3161: 2934: 2921:

Gareus was a god introduced to Uruk during late antiquity by the

2843: 2706: 2482: 1643: 1537: 1424: 1415: 1346: 1058: 995: 973: 942: 922: 874: 873:. She is only revived due to Enki's intervention and her husband 846: 705: 639: 595: 590: 582: 496: 272: 21867:

Aula orientalis: Revista de estudios del Próximo Oriente Antiguo

21364:, The Legendary Past, Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 20520:. In Sallaberger, Walther; Volk, Konrad; Zgoll, Annette (eds.). 20257:, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 18933:

Enki und Ninmah: Eine mythische Erzählung in sumerischer Sprache

15914: 15912: 15910: 15908: 15528: 15526: 15524: 15522: 15520: 13433: 13431: 12183: 12181: 10596: 10314: 7959: 7957: 7955: 7953: 7951: 7949: 7947: 5833: 5529:

tree planted by Inanna and is driven off by the hero Gilgamesh.

4784: 4397:. After having sex with her father Enki, Ninkurra gave birth to 4313:, revered Ningishzida as his personal protector. In the myth of 3700:

onward. In the Old Babylonian period, Nergal's wife was usually

3008: 930: 743: 19563:. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta. Departement Oriëntalistiek. 17512: 16915: 15691: 15689: 15310: 15308: 15135: 15133: 14205: 14203: 14190: 14188: 14163: 14161: 14159: 14146: 14144: 14142: 14129: 14127: 14125: 13592: 13590: 10905: 10903: 10901: 10290: 9194: 8887: 7313: 7311: 7184: 7146: 7137: 7102: 7094: 7030: 7007: 6886: 6769: 6734: 6686: 6565: 6494: 6371: 6347: 6315: 6242: 6216: 6202: 6158: 6141: 6122: 6093: 5962: 5931: 5913: 5876: 5767: 5717: 5686: 5674: 5644: 5585: 5525:, Imdugud is one of several creatures that come to inhabit the 5414: 5394: 5321: 5263: 5190: 5165: 5157: 5143: 4856: 4756: 4708: 4601: 4593: 4541: 4460: 4394: 4376: 4310: 4290: 4284: 4207: 4142: 4126: 4114: 4090: 3905: 3879: 3791: 3783: 3773: 3701: 3683: 3667: 3632: 3610: 3545: 3469: 3403: 3395: 3379: 3365: 3320: 3141: 3137: 3070: 3054: 3050: 2989:

Ereshkigal's scribe. In Lagash she was regarded as the wife of

2911: 2885: 2835: 2758: 2685: 2609: 2597: 2593: 2527: 2512: 2505: 2493: 2443: 2280: 2176: 1996: 1949: 1869: 1865: 1857: 1825: 1824:, Abzu is primordial undeterminacy, the consort of the goddess 1737: 1711: 1691: 1683: 1659: 1622: 1620:

Assyriologists regard Ninshubur as the most commonly worshiped

1609: 1562: 1555: 1506: 1481: 1467: 1436: 1423:

temple in Nippur, Ištaran is a "dying god" and is equated with

1389: 1354: 1342: 1275: 1267: 1143: 1138: 1129: 1016: 1004: 978: 965: 918: 838: 834: 815: 795: 767: 756: 725: 713: 682: 576: 568: 546: 541: 536: 520: 453: 439: 327: 284: 268: 248: 115: 54: 42: 22576:(in German). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum. 21239:

LUMMA in the onomasticon and literature of Ancient Mesopotamia

19959:

Proceedings of the 53e Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale

19955:"The Assumed Human Origin of Divine Dumuzi: A Reconsideration" 19713:, vol. 116, American Oriental Society, pp. 231–234, 19684:, New York City, New York and London, England: A&C Black, 18202:, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, pp. 735–736, 17058: 16988: 16986: 16653: 16254: 16197: 16092: 16059: 15999: 15722: 15644: 15150: 15148: 14933: 14931: 14929: 14927: 14892: 14462: 14021: 13769: 13767: 13765: 13763: 13728: 13697: 13565: 13563: 13561: 13559: 13557: 13555: 13553: 13322: 12405: 12403: 11822: 11820: 11818: 11816: 11463: 11461: 11459: 10768: 10766: 10764: 10727: 10725: 10723: 10721: 10719: 10717: 10584: 10463: 10446: 9911: 9909: 9907: 9905: 9903: 9901: 9899: 9801: 9799: 9797: 9795: 9535: 9525: 9523: 9521: 9291: 9218: 8711: 8709: 8259: 7932: 7803: 7801: 7721: 7464: 7462: 7435: 7420: 7161: 4037:

Misharu ("justice") was a son of Adad and Shala. His wife was

3708:, while other similar documents place her in the proximity of 2873:, Errakal is said to "tear up the mooring poles", causing the 23679:"Agriculture as Civilization: Sages, Farmers, and Barbarians" 23604:"Siebengötter A. Mesopotamien · Seven gods A. In Mesopotamia" 23352:

Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie

22286:

Anahita. A History and Reception of the Iranian Water Goddess

21903:

Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie

21783:

Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie

21032:

Lambert, Wilfred G. (2007). "An Exotic Babylonian God-List".

20174:

Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie

19222:, Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 18682:

Panthée: religious transformations in the Graeco-Roman Empire

18666:, Zürich, Switzerland: Theologischer Verlag, pp. 32–33, 18429:"Nabû and Apollo: the two faces of Seleucid religious policy" 17579: 17577: 17575: 17070: 17046: 16289: 16287: 16274: 16272: 16244: 16242: 16229: 16227: 16214: 16212: 16187: 16185: 16183: 16181: 16144: 16142: 16129: 16127: 16125: 16123: 16121: 16119: 16082: 16080: 16078: 16076: 16074: 16049: 16047: 16022: 16020: 16018: 16016: 16014: 15965: 15963: 15950: 15948: 15935: 15933: 15931: 15929: 15927: 15905: 15868: 15866: 15829: 15827: 15825: 15823: 15810: 15808: 15806: 15804: 15770: 15768: 15755: 15753: 15751: 15749: 15634: 15632: 15630: 15628: 15626: 15624: 15622: 15559: 15517: 14925: 14923: 14921: 14919: 14917: 14915: 14913: 14911: 14909: 14907: 14452: 14450: 14448: 14394: 14392: 14390: 14388: 14386: 14384: 14226: 14224: 14222: 14220: 14218: 14011: 14009: 13761: 13759: 13757: 13755: 13753: 13751: 13749: 13747: 13745: 13743: 13718: 13716: 13714: 13712: 13710: 13695: 13693: 13691: 13689: 13687: 13685: 13683: 13681: 13679: 13677: 13428: 13188: 13186: 13184: 13182: 13180: 13178: 13176: 13174: 13099: 12640: 12638: 12625: 12623: 12178: 11814: 11812: 11810: 11808: 11806: 11804: 11802: 11800: 11798: 11796: 11735: 11733: 11731: 11729: 11727: 11725: 11723: 11337: 11335: 11333: 11331: 11329: 11327: 11325: 10801: 10799: 10797: 10795: 10793: 10553: 10551: 10549: 10536: 10534: 10532: 10400: 10398: 10205: 10203: 10201: 10199: 10197: 9897: 9895: 9893: 9891: 9889: 9887: 9885: 9883: 9881: 9879: 9851: 9849: 9847: 9845: 9843: 9841: 9839: 9571: 9569: 9567: 9565: 9508: 9460: 9458: 9324: 9322: 9320: 9318: 9257: 9255: 9253: 9251: 9249: 9247: 9245: 9184: 9182: 9180: 9178: 9176: 9174: 9172: 9004: 9002: 9000: 8998: 8996: 8994: 8992: 8990: 8988: 8986: 8631: 8629: 8173: 8171: 7992: 7982: 7980: 7978: 7976: 7974: 7972: 7944: 7564: 7562: 7410: 7408: 7220: 7129: 6916: 6854: 6782: 6742: 6692: 6675: 6498: 6487: 6471: 6363: 6359: 6351: 6341: 6307: 6107: 6014: 5894: 5779: 5740: 5634: 5546: 5410: 5253: 4933: 4919: 4793: 4762: 4748: 4647: 4633: 4589: 4555: 4545: 4471: 4314: 4306: 4164: 4118: 3856: 3833: 3731: 3717: 3620: 3521: 3457: 3443: 3420: 3329: 3325: 3287: 3207: 3157: 3103: 3028: 3024: 3002: 2976: 2808: 2804: 2777: 2662: 2658: 2631: 2623: 2520: 2235: 2227: 2167: 1970: 1853: 1833: 1585: 1566: 1517: 1428: 1410: 1402: 1394: 1327: 1291: 1263: 1259: 1114: 1050: 1031: 969: 961: 934: 855: 799: 656: 643: 631: 532: 508: 504: 491: 417: 401: 383: 331: 307: 280: 252: 240: 197: 172: 127: 23124:. Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters en Departement Oriëntalistiek. 20124:, Tartu, Estonia: Folk Belief and Media Group of ELM: 7–33, 18350:, Leiden, The Netherlands and Boston, Massachusetts: Brill, 17846:

al-Salihi, Wathiq I. (1996). "Two cult-statues from Hatra".

17669: 17667: 17604: 17189: 17187: 17185: 17183: 17181: 17179: 17177: 17175: 17160: 16893: 16891: 16827: 16825: 16812: 16810: 16795: 16737: 16665: 16407: 15791: 15789: 15787: 15785: 15783: 15712: 15710: 15708: 15706: 15704: 15686: 15676: 15674: 15305: 15216: 15130: 15057: 15055: 15053: 14200: 14185: 14156: 14139: 14122: 13909: 13907: 13587: 13298: 13147: 13137: 13135: 13133: 13131: 13118: 13116: 13114: 13089: 13087: 13004: 13002: 13000: 12998: 12732: 12730: 12728: 12726: 12724: 12722: 12720: 12718: 12716: 12714: 12672: 12670: 12668: 12273: 12271: 12168: 12166: 12164: 12162: 12160: 12133: 11980: 11978: 11976: 11974: 11972: 11970: 11968: 11966: 11964: 11900: 11898: 11896: 11757: 11710: 11708: 11706: 11704: 11702: 11700: 11575: 10988: 10986: 10984: 10927: 10898: 10871: 10859: 10434: 10385: 10383: 10381: 10379: 10377: 10184: 10182: 10142: 10140: 10138: 10136: 10134: 10121: 10119: 10117: 10115: 10113: 10057: 9506: 9504: 9502: 9500: 9498: 9496: 9494: 9492: 9490: 9488: 9475: 9473: 9445: 9443: 9441: 9439: 9437: 9435: 9357: 9355: 9353: 9351: 9349: 9279: 8919: 8917: 8841: 8839: 8811: 8809: 8807: 8805: 8803: 8775: 8773: 8771: 8769: 8767: 8765: 8763: 8761: 8759: 8746: 8744: 8742: 8740: 8738: 8736: 8627: 8625: 8623: 8621: 8619: 8617: 8615: 8613: 8611: 8609: 8480: 8478: 8476: 8474: 8472: 8440: 8438: 8436: 8434: 8295: 8105: 8103: 8023: 8021: 8019: 8017: 8015: 8013: 8011: 8009: 8007: 7740: 7738: 7736: 7560: 7558: 7556: 7554: 7552: 7550: 7548: 7546: 7544: 7542: 7364: 7362: 7308: 1642:, Ninshubur was syncretized with the male messenger deities 623: 19136:

Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come From?

17358: 17356: 17354: 17206: 17204: 17202: 17114: 17112: 17099: 17097: 16983: 16944: 16942: 16783: 16773: 16771: 16758: 16756: 16754: 16752: 16641: 16431: 16364: 16362: 15895: 15893: 15661: 15659: 15549: 15547: 15545: 15543: 15541: 15206: 15204: 15167: 15165: 15163: 15145: 15084: 15082: 14989: 14987: 14985: 14044: 14042: 14040: 14038: 14036: 13662: 13609: 13607: 13605: 13550: 13443: 13346: 13288: 13286: 13273: 13271: 13210: 13074: 13072: 13070: 13068: 12400: 12288: 12286: 11524: 11456: 11352: 11350: 11116: 10944: 10942: 10888: 10886: 10835: 10823: 10811: 10778: 10761: 10737: 10714: 10076: 10074: 10072: 9999: 9997: 9960: 9958: 9945: 9943: 9941: 9928: 9926: 9924: 9866: 9864: 9792: 9518: 9386: 9384: 9382: 8934: 8932: 8706: 8582: 8511: 8509: 8507: 8505: 8432: 8430: 8428: 8426: 8424: 8422: 8420: 8418: 8416: 8414: 8312: 8310: 8285: 8283: 8281: 8279: 8277: 8090: 8088: 8086: 8084: 8082: 8080: 8078: 8076: 8074: 8040: 8038: 8036: 7798: 7687: 7685: 7683: 7681: 7679: 7479: 7477: 7459: 7330: 7328: 7326: 7003: 6992: 6943: 6726: 6666:

he can be found among the deities forming the entourage of

6653: 6572: 6238: 6106:

of Ahura Mazda were erected in modern Iraq, for example in

5927: 5621:

Girtablullu were creatures with the upper body of a human (

5406: 5402: 5375: 5259: 5179:

functioned as epithet of deities in Hurrian texts as well.

4968: 4719: 4615: 4567: 4549: 4439:

Nin-MAR.KI (reading uncertain) was the daughter of Nanshe.

4398: 3988: 3871: 3769: 3349: 3324:, or personal attendant, of Anu. He appears in the myth of 3145: 3122: 2721: 2553: 2549: 2537: 2532:

daughter of Shamash and Aya, Mamu (or Mamud) was his wife.

2516: 2395:, who probably ruled sometime during the early part of the 2392: 2381: 2069: 2010: 1987: 1811: 1687: 1420: 1398: 1357: 1323: 1220:; possibly initially a title rather than a distinct goddess 1217: 1197: 1189: 1128:, whose character is undefined, but later the northern god 1040: 1000: 761: 664: 487: 479: 469: 449: 435: 387: 311: 288: 244: 50: 22203:, New York City, New York and London, England: Routledge, 21706:, New York City, New York and London, England: Routledge, 20170:"Inanna's Descent and Undressing the Dead as a Divine Law" 19139:, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 17983:"Translation of Gods: Kumarpi, Enlil, Dagan/NISABA, Ḫalki" 17572: 17283: 17281: 17279: 16973: 16971: 16969: 16559: 16557: 16467: 16455: 16337: 16335: 16333: 16331: 16329: 16284: 16269: 16239: 16224: 16209: 16178: 16166: 16154: 16139: 16116: 16104: 16071: 16044: 16032: 16011: 15987: 15975: 15960: 15945: 15924: 15863: 15851: 15820: 15801: 15765: 15746: 15734: 15619: 15607: 15583: 15571: 15505: 15369: 15367: 15354: 15352: 15350: 15325: 15323: 14904: 14737: 14735: 14722: 14720: 14445: 14381: 14347: 14345: 14343: 14341: 14316: 14314: 14312: 14215: 14006: 13972: 13970: 13968: 13955: 13953: 13844: 13834: 13832: 13830: 13828: 13826: 13801: 13799: 13786: 13784: 13782: 13740: 13707: 13674: 13540: 13538: 13536: 13511: 13509: 13507: 13505: 13477: 13475: 13473: 13460: 13458: 13375: 13373: 13171: 13038: 12776: 12635: 12620: 12446: 12444: 12442: 12029: 12017: 11990: 11832: 11793: 11720: 11444: 11434: 11432: 11430: 11322: 11300: 11298: 11249: 11247: 11245: 11208: 11206: 11133: 11131: 11022: 11020: 11018: 11016: 11003: 11001: 10971: 10969: 10790: 10668: 10608: 10546: 10529: 10517: 10395: 10280: 10278: 10194: 9876: 9836: 9562: 9455: 9420: 9408: 9396: 9315: 9242: 9169: 9157: 8983: 8401: 8399: 8369: 8367: 8365: 8363: 8361: 8168: 7969: 7845: 7843: 7828: 7574: 7527: 7517: 7515: 7513: 7511: 7509: 7496: 7494: 7492: 7405: 7395: 7393: 7391: 7389: 7349: 7347: 7345: 7343: 7296: 7286: 7284: 7282: 6245:

reported that a temple of Apollo existed on the island of

3734:

were worshipped in Adab and Kesh. Her husband was the god

283:

was the head of the pantheon. In the first millennium BCE

18278:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 43–59. 17684: 17682: 17664: 17652: 17616: 17594: 17592: 17560: 17416: 17368: 17302: 17300: 17298: 17296: 17172: 17082: 16927: 16888: 16822: 16807: 16542: 16530: 16496: 16494: 15780: 15701: 15671: 15295: 15293: 15291: 15289: 15252: 15250: 15248: 15246: 15233: 15231: 15050: 15038: 14882: 14880: 14878: 14846: 14844: 14842: 14779: 14777: 14608: 14606: 14284: 14282: 14280: 14278: 14059: 14057: 13904: 13258: 13256: 13254: 13252: 13128: 13111: 13084: 12995: 12937: 12935: 12933: 12931: 12824: 12711: 12665: 12655: 12653: 12461: 12459: 12268: 12157: 12145: 11961: 11893: 11697: 11080: 11056: 10981: 10422: 10374: 10179: 10167: 10131: 10110: 9550: 9485: 9470: 9432: 9346: 9334: 9303: 9133: 8959: 8914: 8836: 8800: 8790: 8788: 8756: 8733: 8696: 8694: 8681: 8679: 8654: 8652: 8650: 8648: 8646: 8644: 8606: 8560: 8558: 8556: 8554: 8552: 8550: 8548: 8533: 8469: 8322: 8100: 8004: 7920: 7862: 7860: 7858: 7818: 7816: 7750: 7733: 7539: 7447: 7359: 7154: 6633:(boundary stones), was a bird with its head turned back. 6450: 5615: 5506: 5451:

as its guardian. He is most likely not the same deity as

5397:

temple complex in Babylon. She appears in the early myth

5258:

In Assyrian mythology, Tashmetu is the divine consort of

3809: 3110:(tutelary deity) to him. She was later equated with Bau. 2728:. The text has originally been published under the title 2600:. It is possible Dumuzi-abzu was regarded as the wife of 1635: 1301: 804: 776: 365: 323: 303: 236: 46: 22612:"Foreign Influences on the Religion of the Ur III Court" 20321:, Ankara, Turkey: British Institute at Ankara: 115–121, 19841:. USA: MI: MPublishing, University of Michigan Library. 17714: 17712: 17536: 17500: 17428: 17380: 17351: 17199: 17148: 17124: 17109: 17094: 16939: 16878: 16876: 16768: 16749: 16701: 16359: 16347: 16304: 16302: 15890: 15656: 15538: 15493: 15481: 15201: 15189: 15160: 15079: 14982: 14970: 14943: 14812: 14810: 14808: 14806: 14804: 14764: 14762: 14033: 13602: 13492: 13490: 13310: 13283: 13268: 13065: 13055: 13053: 12570: 12560: 12558: 12556: 12554: 12552: 12539: 12537: 12535: 12533: 12366: 12364: 12322: 12320: 12318: 12316: 12303: 12301: 12283: 12193: 12123: 12121: 12082: 12007: 12005: 11949: 11939: 11937: 11497: 11485: 11391: 11347: 10939: 10915: 10883: 10644: 10620: 10157: 10155: 10098: 10086: 10069: 10045: 10033: 10021: 10009: 9994: 9982: 9970: 9955: 9938: 9921: 9861: 9379: 8929: 8904: 8902: 8570: 8502: 8490: 8411: 8307: 8274: 8071: 8033: 7884: 7676: 7474: 7374: 7323: 7128:

Umbidaki was a god worshiped in the temple of Ishtar of

6752:

According to Mesopotamian sources, such as the god list

6695:, a land in eastern Arabia. His main cult center was on 6280:

had a shrine to Artemis and made dedications to Artemis

4474:, and by extension also of Hendursaga in later periods. 4121:, where she served as the tutelary goddess of the city. 19814:. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten. 17548: 17524: 17392: 17276: 16966: 16849: 16629: 16617: 16605: 16593: 16581: 16569: 16554: 16326: 15457: 15445: 15433: 15421: 15364: 15347: 15335: 15320: 15177: 15106: 15094: 15067: 14747: 14732: 14717: 14527: 14357: 14338: 14326: 14309: 13965: 13950: 13919: 13823: 13796: 13779: 13650: 13638: 13575: 13533: 13521: 13502: 13470: 13455: 13416: 13370: 13334: 13239: 13237: 12971: 12882: 12880: 12689: 12687: 12685: 12483: 12471: 12439: 12376: 12256: 12222: 12220: 11745: 11563: 11473: 11427: 11415: 11310: 11295: 11283: 11271: 11259: 11242: 11230: 11218: 11203: 11191: 11179: 11167: 11155: 11143: 11128: 11104: 11092: 11044: 11032: 11013: 10998: 10966: 10954: 10574: 10572: 10570: 10568: 10566: 10507: 10505: 10275: 9267: 8721: 8396: 8386: 8384: 8382: 8358: 8206: 8196: 8194: 8192: 8190: 8188: 8186: 8122: 8120: 8118: 7840: 7506: 7489: 7386: 7340: 7279: 5009:Šubula was a minor god most likely associated with the 4624:, the deified king of Uruk, and the mother of the hero 4138: 3874:, Enlil's temple in Nippur, or as an underworld demon ( 3742:. Later, Ninsikila's and Lisin's genders were swapped. 3149: 3126: 2385: 2102:

Uruk. According to one Old Babylonian text she was the

1154:

she opens the section dedicated to underworld deities.

850: 752: 264: 23825:, New York City, New York: Harper&Row Publishers, 23348:"An Unrecognized Synonym of Sumerian sukkal, "Vizier"" 22247:

Nimrud: Materialities of Assyrian Knowledge Production

20059:

The Harps that Once...: Sumerian Poetry in Translation

19868:

Gods in the Desert: Religions of the Ancient Near East

17760: 17679: 17589: 17404: 17317: 17315: 17293: 17034: 17010: 16998: 16491: 16479: 16443: 16314: 15878: 15839: 15595: 15286: 15243: 15228: 15118: 14875: 14839: 14774: 14603: 14275: 14054: 13994: 13982: 13385: 13358: 13249: 13222: 13026: 12928: 12916: 12904: 12865: 12855: 12853: 12851: 12849: 12847: 12845: 12843: 12841: 12839: 12650: 12495: 12456: 12232: 12053: 12041: 11769: 11068: 8875: 8826: 8824: 8785: 8691: 8676: 8664: 8641: 8594: 8545: 8521: 8230: 7896: 7872: 7855: 7813: 7267: 6237:

was brought to Seleucia on the Eulaios (the refounded

1274:, she was the second most notable "divine wife" after 23861:

The Loss of Male Sexual Desire in Ancient Mesopotamia

20861:(1). British Institute for the Study of Iraq: 82–86. 20031:, Eugene, Oregon: Wipf & Stock, pp. 73–103, 19485:

Before the muses: an anthology of Akkadian literature

18402:

The pantheon of Uruk during the neo-Babylonian period

18215: 17709: 17699: 17697: 17488: 17476: 17464: 17452: 17440: 17258: 17222: 17136: 16954: 16873: 16861: 16725: 16677: 16518: 16506: 16419: 16374: 16299: 15475: 15411: 15409: 15407: 15405: 15403: 15401: 15399: 15397: 15388: 15026: 15020: 14869: 14833: 14801: 14789: 14759: 14711: 14699: 14684: 14672: 14660: 14642: 14630: 14618: 14582: 14565: 14548: 14486: 14474: 14439: 14427: 14404: 14375: 14303: 14269: 14257: 14242: 14179: 14116: 14092: 14080: 13944: 13898: 13886: 13867: 13811: 13632: 13487: 13410: 13198: 13165: 13050: 12983: 12959: 12947: 12818: 12806: 12788: 12770: 12751: 12614: 12593: 12549: 12530: 12520: 12518: 12516: 12514: 12512: 12510: 12427: 12415: 12361: 12355: 12332: 12313: 12298: 12211: 12118: 12094: 12002: 11934: 11922: 11910: 11887: 11875: 11863: 11787: 11691: 11676: 11661: 11649: 11632: 11620: 11608: 11593: 11557: 11545: 11518: 11373: 10853: 10755: 10708: 10691: 10496: 10484: 10416: 10368: 10356: 10269: 10152: 9830: 9786: 9771: 9759: 9744: 9729: 9717: 9705: 9686: 9667: 9652: 9640: 9625: 9613: 9592: 9151: 9127: 9110: 9098: 9086: 9074: 9041: 9029: 8899: 8346: 8334: 8249: 8247: 8245: 8218: 8065: 7908: 7792: 7780: 7670: 7649: 7647: 7645: 7643: 7641: 7639: 7626: 7624: 7622: 7620: 7618: 7616: 7591: 7589: 6604:Ḫabūrītum was a goddess understood as either "she of 5290:"Tutu" is simply one of the names of the latter god. 2984:

where he is hiding, even after they torture her. The

2094:

Amasagnudi was the wife of Papsukkal in the god list

833:

Eanna temple in Uruk, though she also had temples in

21863:"Nanna/Suen Convenes in the Divine Assembly as King" 21739:, The American Schools of Oriental Research: 57–79, 20686:"Some Observations on Late Urukean Theophoric Names" 20285:

The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character

19462: 19366:"Apollo-Nabû: The Babylonian policy of Antiochus I." 18888: 18847: 17778: 17748: 17742: 17724: 17327: 17264: 17240: 17228: 16689: 15274: 15262: 14521: 14098: 13234: 13014: 12892: 12877: 12699: 12682: 12388: 12244: 12217: 11403: 11385: 10563: 10502: 10215: 8379: 8183: 8144: 8115: 7709: 7601: 7207:". Modern scholars generally agree that much of the 6148:

equated with, and eventually fully assimilated into

3360:

considered it more likely that this deity was male.

1132:

was placed in this role. Her gatekeeper was the god

21730: 21285:

Personal names in the Aramaic inscriptions of Hatra

21278:"Religious Significance of Hatran Theophoric Names" 19961:. Penn State University Press. pp. 1121–1134. 19591:

House most high: the temples of ancient Mesopotamia

19463:Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (2001), 18806: 18348:

Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism

18216:Asher-Greve, Julia M.; Westenholz, Joan G. (2013). 17640: 17628: 17339: 17312: 17022: 16903: 15005: 14964: 14597: 14504: 12836: 12076: 9230: 8821: 8156: 8132: 7697: 5625:, "untamed man") and the lower body of a scorpion ( 5455:from Mari, assumed to be a deified hero in origin. 5160:, also argued to be a god associated with the sea. 2118:Amashilama was the daughter of Ninazu and his wife 396:believed to be the offspring of An and his consort 291:'s status was equal to that of Marduk. In Assyria, 22747:"Ordal A. Mesopotamien · Ordeal A. In Mesopotamia" 22128:. British Institute for the Study of Iraq: 41–44. 21035:Studies presented to Robert D. Biggs, June 4, 2004 20288:, Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, 18595:, in Freedman, David Noel; Myer, Allen C. (eds.), 18027:"HADDA OF ḪALAB AND HIS TEMPLE IN THE EBLA PERIOD" 17923:, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 17694: 15394: 12507: 8242: 7762: 7636: 7613: 7586: 7043:in the symbolic form of birds sitting on a perch. 6346:Worship of the goddess Atargatis is attested from 5863:Ninazu, Ningishzida; Tishpak; Marduk, Nabu; Ashur 5461: 3452:Kabta was a deity commonly paired with Ninsianna. 3282:. In offering lists he appears next to Shulshaga. 2955:, which can be translated as "sexual attraction." 2720:'s. It has been proposed that he was worshiped in 23924: 23442:Mesopotamian protective spirits: the ritual texts 23397: 22706:(1), Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter: 82–100, 21451:"Nisaba A. Philologisch · Nisaba A. Philological" 20082:Jordan Lectures in Comparative religion, series 6 20062:, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 19235: 19219:Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions 18889:Cavigneaux, Antoine; Krebernik, Manfred (1998b), 18848:Cavigneaux, Antoine; Krebernik, Manfred (1998a), 17993:(4). GBPress- Gregorian Biblical Press: 319–336. 17949:(2). GBPress- Gregorian Biblical Press: 114–129. 17815:Ackerman, Susan (2006) , Day, Peggy Lynne (ed.), 16843: 10602: 10344: 10332: 10320: 10308: 10296: 10257: 10245: 10233: 9206: 6057: 5541:Ereshkigal, Ninazu, Ningishzida, Tishpak; Išḫara 3991:, where she was possibly regarded as the wife of 3156:. In later times, he had a temple in the city of 2466:Bitu's primary function is that of a gatekeeper ( 1528:or of Enlil and Ninil. He was also the father of 24622: 23398:Ebeling, Erich; Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (2019), 22378:An Introduction to Ancient Mesopotamian Religion 22073: 19323:Edzard, Dietz-Otto; Lambert, Wilfred G. (1980), 19022:, London, England: Arcturus Publishing Limited, 18807:Cavigneaux, Antoine; Krebernik, Manfred (1998), 17518: 16921: 16719: 6807:proposed a connection between Manziniri and the 6284:; Strabo also reports that an oracle of Artemis 5716:, "evil god," and his name was written with the 3251:Idlurugu was a god who represent the concept of 810:Inanna, Utu was the enforcer of divine justice. 696:and he may have been associated with the planet 23818: 23257:Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale 23220:Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale 23018:"Untersuchungen zum Pantheon von Adab im 3. Jt" 22288:. London: I. B. Tauris & Company, Limited. 22266:Journal of the British Astronomical Association 20222:The Image of the Underworld in Sumerian Sources 19534:. Chicago London: University of Chicago Press. 19513:Python: A Study of Delphic Myth and Its Origins 19469:, New York City, New York: Simon and Schuster, 19015: 18956:, Eugene, Oregon: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 18701:"Anunna (Anunnaku, Anunnaki) (a group of gods)" 18463:. American Schools of Oriental Research: 1–10. 18166:(1). GBPress- Gregorian Biblical Press: 18–28. 12112: 10662: 10638: 9544: 9373: 8977: 8953: 8869: 8857: 8268: 7105:) was proposed for him, newer sources favor an 4884:, and a late esoteric text explains her name as 3228:returned his statue to a temple located there. 3018:Gibil is the deification of fire. According to 2786:Enten is a shepherd deity in the Sumerian poem 2592:, but she has no obvious connection to the god 1524:Ninazu was a god regarded as either the son of 545:, or minister, was the two-faced messenger god 99:contain many words to express the sensation of 23819:Wolkstein, Diane; Kramer, Samuel Noah (1983), 23015: 21610:. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. 21164:A Dictionary of Ancient Near Eastern Mythology 20111:"Understanding Planets in Ancient Mesopotamia" 18679: 18087:"The West Hurrian Pantheon and Its Background" 16659: 11763: 7039:of Babylon. They were depicted on a number of 6418:and the Hurrian Nabarbi are the same goddess. 5185:regards her as a deity connected with wisdom. 4540:É-ešbarzida temple in Ur and other temples in 4375:chthonic deities alongside the prison goddess 2496:in Ḫursaĝkalama, her cult center located near 2145:Antu is a goddess who was invented during the 1413:and describes Ištaran as a god of justice. On 561:, he is described as the holder of the sacred 23910: 23685:. Oxford University Press. pp. 662–689. 23183: 23119: 19392: 19322: 18991:The cultic calendars of the ancient Near East 18662:, in Shectman, Sarah; Baden, Joel S. (eds.), 18089:. In Collins, B. J.; Michalowski, P. (eds.). 15918: 15565: 15532: 15139: 13437: 7187:kingdoms of Israel and Judah. In 586 BC, the 2640:Emesh is a farmer deity in the Sumerian poem 507:, and is the former case the twin brother of 23845:, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 23805:, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 23765:. Warminster, England: Aris & Phillips. 22616:General studies and excavations at Nuzi 10/3 21556:"Der Wettstreit zwischen Dumuzi und Enkimdu" 21195:Sex and Eroticism in Mesopotamian Literature 21099: 19644:. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. 19045:, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 18549: 18257:Art and Immortality in the Ancient Near East 14209: 14194: 14167: 14150: 14133: 3489:, who was a healing goddess associated with 3168:, but this may have been a different deity. 2256:is identified as his father in the god list 1650:, though this process wasn't complete until 271:. An Old Babylonian personal name refers to 23676: 23560: 23519: 23263:. Presses Universitaires de France: 71–88. 23146: 22838:(4). University of Chicago Press: 289–294. 22825: 22333: 22283: 21660: 21553: 21489: 21448: 21395:, New York City, New York: Allworth Press, 19393:Fechner, Josephine; Tanret, Michel (2014), 19383: 19105:Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan 18680:Bricault, Laurent; Bonnet, Corinne (2013). 18433:Orient und Okzident in Hellenistischer Zeit 17874: 16992: 16789: 16437: 16394:The Underworld Vision of an Assyrian Prince 15154: 13569: 13216: 12409: 11530: 11467: 10841: 10829: 10817: 10784: 10772: 10743: 10731: 9805: 9529: 8893: 7986: 7938: 7727: 7441: 7429: 7414: 7368: 6629:. His symbol, known from some Mesopotamian 5152:Sirsir was the god of sailors. In the text 3573:Kus is a god of herdsmen referenced in the 3299:Ilaba was briefly a major deity during the 23917: 23903: 23647:. In Finkel, I. L.; Geller, M. J. (eds.). 23642: 23601: 23478: 23438: 23400:"Mischwesen A. Philologisch. Mesopotamien" 23345: 23326: 23149:"Inanna/Ishtar as a Figure of Controversy" 23078: 22178:Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 20389: 20108: 19509: 18929: 18639: 18273: 17821:, Minneapolis, Minnesota: Fortress Press, 17622: 17610: 17583: 17566: 17374: 17193: 17166: 16831: 16816: 16801: 16536: 16293: 16278: 16263: 16248: 16233: 16218: 16203: 16191: 16172: 16160: 16148: 16133: 16110: 16098: 16086: 16065: 16053: 16038: 16026: 16005: 15993: 15981: 15969: 15954: 15939: 15872: 15833: 15814: 15795: 15774: 15759: 15740: 15728: 15716: 15695: 15650: 15638: 14937: 14898: 14468: 14456: 14398: 14230: 14027: 14015: 13850: 13773: 13734: 13722: 13701: 13328: 13192: 13122: 13044: 13008: 12830: 12782: 12736: 12187: 12172: 12151: 12139: 11984: 11826: 11739: 11714: 11581: 11450: 11341: 10992: 10877: 10805: 10674: 10614: 10590: 10557: 10540: 10523: 10469: 10457: 10440: 10428: 10404: 10389: 10209: 10188: 10173: 10146: 10125: 9915: 9855: 9575: 9556: 9512: 9479: 9449: 9361: 9340: 9328: 9309: 9297: 9285: 9261: 9224: 9200: 9188: 9163: 9139: 9008: 8845: 8815: 8779: 8750: 8715: 8635: 8588: 8576: 8515: 8496: 8484: 8444: 8301: 8289: 8094: 8027: 7998: 7963: 7744: 7691: 7568: 7483: 7468: 7453: 7399: 7380: 7353: 7334: 7317: 7302: 7290: 5574:and in Tablet VI of the Standard Akkadian 23445:. Groningen: STYX & PP Publications. 23250: 23227: 22491:Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 22444:Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 22374: 21990: 21820: 21744: 21408: 21388: 20642: 20601: 20560: 20512: 20471: 20430: 20348: 20129: 19999:. New Haven: Yale Babylonian Collection. 19809: 19768: 19016:Coleman, J. A.; Davidson, George (2015), 18532: 18197: 17845: 17673: 17658: 17422: 17386: 17210: 17154: 17088: 17076: 17064: 17052: 17040: 15171: 15088: 15061: 15044: 13913: 13141: 13105: 13093: 12676: 12277: 11904: 11503: 11491: 11356: 11086: 11062: 8373: 8212: 8044: 7890: 7580: 7533: 7521: 7500: 6306:Ashratum (or Ashiratum in documents from 4722:temple in Nippur, Lagash, Sippar, Dilbat 4588:Ninsikila was the husband of the goddess 4401:, the goddess of weaving and vegetation. 4309:, the Sumerian king of the city-state of 4117:. Outside Mesopotamia she was popular in 3053:. The son of Ereshkigal and Gugalanna is 2053:worshiped with Nanna in Ur as his sukkal 22909: 22885: 22651: 22609: 22484: 22434: 22394: 22317:Everyday Life in Babylonia & Assyria 22080:Les représentations des dieux des autres 22032: 21948: 21896: 21860: 21776: 21699: 21667:, Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood, 21569:. Penn State University Press: 383–398. 21235: 21211: 20990: 20908: 20848: 20766: 20118:Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore 20095:, London, England: Kyle Cathie Limited, 20055: 20021: 19884: 19711:Journal of the American Oriental Society 19681:An Introduction to Second Temple Judaism 19363: 19262: 18722: 18426: 18399: 18371: 17920:Syrian Identity in the Greco-Roman World 17814: 17794: 17506: 17434: 17362: 17130: 17118: 17103: 16948: 16855: 16777: 16762: 16743: 16707: 16671: 16473: 16461: 16368: 16353: 16341: 15899: 15613: 15577: 15553: 15511: 15499: 15487: 15314: 15222: 15210: 15195: 15183: 14993: 14976: 14949: 14816: 14533: 14048: 13838: 13805: 13613: 13596: 13316: 13304: 13292: 13277: 13153: 13078: 12450: 11751: 11479: 11438: 11421: 10948: 10933: 10921: 10909: 10865: 10284: 10104: 10092: 10080: 10063: 10051: 10039: 10027: 10015: 10003: 9988: 9976: 9964: 9949: 9932: 9870: 9464: 9426: 9414: 9402: 9390: 9273: 8727: 8700: 8685: 8670: 8658: 8564: 8539: 8527: 8200: 7849: 7807: 6192:, the cult of Anahita was introduced by 2584:The state of Lagash, especially Kinunir 1550:destruction of Babylon also with Ashur. 59: 28: 23758: 23718: 23691:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199557301.013.0031 23649:Sumerian Gods and their Representations 23329:Sumerian Gods and their Representations 23309:Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses 23213: 23193:. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Brill. 23062:Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia 23059: 22916:Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses 22892:Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses 22785: 22236:(257). Münster, Germany: Ugarit-Verlag. 22227: 21685:. USA: University of California Press. 21275: 21119: 21072: 21031: 20949: 20807: 20725: 20231:Sumerian Gods and their Representations 19935:Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses 19911:Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses 19864: 19828: 19215: 19189:Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History 19155:Clio's Other Sons: Berossus and Mantheo 19152: 18974:. USA: University of California Press. 18783: 18705:Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses 18510: 18450: 18374:"Antiquarian Theology in Seleucid Uruk" 18341: 18091:Beyond Hatti: a tribute to Gary Beckman 17916: 17818:Gender and Difference in Ancient Israel 17554: 17530: 17494: 17482: 17410: 17398: 17306: 17287: 17004: 16977: 16695: 16647: 16635: 16623: 16611: 16599: 16587: 16575: 16563: 16449: 16413: 15463: 15451: 15439: 15427: 15373: 15358: 15341: 15329: 15112: 15100: 15073: 14850: 14753: 14741: 14726: 14363: 14351: 14332: 14320: 13976: 13959: 13925: 13790: 13668: 13656: 13644: 13581: 13544: 13527: 13515: 13481: 13464: 13449: 13422: 13379: 13352: 13340: 13032: 12977: 12705: 12489: 12477: 12382: 12262: 11569: 11316: 11304: 11289: 11277: 11265: 11253: 11236: 11224: 11212: 11197: 11185: 11173: 11161: 11149: 11137: 11122: 11110: 11098: 11050: 11026: 11007: 10975: 10960: 8600: 8390: 8236: 8177: 7902: 7878: 7866: 7834: 7822: 5720:. He appears in a lamentation from Ur. 4301:dies and meets Ningishzida, along with 2680:Enbilulu was the god of irrigation. In 1258:millennium BCE in the state of Lagash. 14: 24623: 23838: 23634:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 23593:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 23552:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 23511:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 23430:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 23315:from the original on 21 September 2022 23302: 23111:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 23007:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 22966:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 22922:from the original on 21 September 2022 22777:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 22693: 22561:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 22401:(in German). 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Walter de Gruyter GmbH: 221–233. 20088: 19941:from the original on 21 September 2022 19917:from the original on 21 September 2022 19801:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 19732: 19677: 19637: 19615: 19588: 19556: 19482: 19425:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 19355:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 19314:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 19281: 19179: 19069: 19035: 18921:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 18880:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 18839:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 18755:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 18698: 18640:Black, Jeremy; Green, Anthony (1992), 18582:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 18550:Behrens, Herman; Klein, Jacob (1998), 18333:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 18153: 17730: 17688: 17598: 17542: 17028: 17016: 16524: 16500: 16485: 16320: 15884: 15857: 15845: 15665: 15601: 15589: 15299: 15256: 15237: 15124: 15032: 14886: 14795: 14783: 14768: 14648: 14636: 14624: 14612: 14492: 14480: 14410: 14288: 14063: 14000: 13988: 13496: 13391: 13364: 13262: 13228: 13204: 13059: 12941: 12922: 12910: 12871: 12859: 12794: 12659: 12644: 12629: 12576: 12564: 12543: 12501: 12465: 12338: 12326: 12307: 12292: 12199: 12127: 12100: 12059: 12047: 12035: 12023: 12011: 11996: 11955: 11943: 11928: 11916: 11838: 11775: 11074: 10892: 10650: 10626: 10161: 9236: 8938: 8881: 8456: 8405: 8352: 8340: 8328: 8224: 8126: 8109: 7926: 7914: 7756: 7630: 7273: 5522:Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Netherworld 4703:, despite his unattractive lifestyle. 4554:Ninsianna was the deity of the planet 4167:and one of the many consorts of Enki. 3255:, specifically river ordeal. The term 2993:, and was associated with his symbol, 171:is first attested during the reign of 23898: 23798: 22898:from the original on 14 December 2022 22744: 22528: 22310: 22196: 21632: 21537:A History of Ancient Israel and Judah 21214:"Why are there seven days in a week?" 21191: 21160: 21077:. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. 20228: 20075: 19994: 19952: 19928: 19904: 19708: 19433: 19157:. USA: University of Michigan Press. 19132: 18988: 18969: 18763: 18711:from the original on 3 September 2019 18707:, University of Pennsylvania Museum, 18612: 18300: 18126: 18084: 18024: 17980: 17936: 17718: 17470: 17458: 17446: 17345: 17333: 17321: 17270: 17246: 17234: 17142: 16960: 16933: 16909: 16897: 16882: 16867: 16731: 16683: 16548: 16512: 16425: 16380: 16308: 15680: 15415: 13817: 13243: 12989: 12965: 12953: 12524: 12433: 12421: 12394: 12370: 12238: 11038: 10578: 10511: 8965: 8923: 8908: 8830: 8794: 8316: 8150: 7768: 7715: 7653: 7607: 7595: 5643:Hanbi is the father of the demon-god 4393:Ninkurra is the daughter of Enki and 3401:Isimud, later known as Usmû, was the 3352:sources as an assistant of judge god 3164:. A god named Haya was worshipped at 2279:. Sometimes she was syncretized with 2003:In the Babylonian creation epic, the 1818:In the Babylonian creation epic, the 1607:Akkil; worshipped with Inanna as her 114:believed that their deities lived in 23858: 22974: 22933: 22569: 21331: 21120:Leemans, Wilhelmus François (1983), 20683: 20219: 20167: 20084:, University of London, pp. 27f 19529: 18949: 18657: 18590: 18253: 17766: 17754: 17646: 17634: 15280: 15268: 14104: 13020: 12898: 12886: 12693: 12250: 12226: 12088: 11409: 11397: 10221: 9212: 8253: 8162: 8138: 7703: 5309:, the personification of the earth. 4987:Inanna's Descent into the Underworld 3927:, "ice" or "frost"). As her name is 3849:Inanna's Descent into the Underworld 3663:The Dispute between Cattle and Grain 3059:Inanna's Descent into the Underworld 2899:The Dispute between Cattle and Grain 2475:Inanna's Descent into the Underworld 1751: 1632:Inanna's Descent into the Underworld 1148:Inanna's Descent into the Underworld 869:, but is instead struck dead by the 519:) and his children include the gods 23802:Ancient Jewish Novels: An Anthology 21332:Mark, Joshua J. (2 February 2017), 21242:. Padova: S.A.R.G.O.N. Ed. e Libr. 21212:Lutwyche, Jayne (22 January 2013), 19098: 18200:The Oxford Companion to Archaeology 17703: 7179:Yahweh was the national god of the 4666:Nirah was the messenger of the god 3136:Haya is the husband of the goddess 1401:. In one of his inscriptions, King 24: 21346:from the original on 13 April 2021 21060:from the original on March 5, 2022 18599:, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 17883:. Hildesheim: Verlag Franzbecker. 7160: 7020: 6979: 6903: 6873: 6844: 6717: 6703:, in documents from Nippur and in 6643: 6587:Persepolis Administrative Archives 6544: 6514: 6455: 6376: 6332: 6259: 6207: 6176: 6128: 6084: 6013: 5967: 5881: 5854: 5821: 5784: 5753: 5661: 5606: 5559: 5492: 5103: 4942: 4844:Sadarnunna was the wife of Nuska. 4783: 4652: 4606: 4531: 4275: 4230: 3808: 3786:and the father of the mortal hero 3712:, who were both regarded as such. 3384: 3344:Shamash's temple Ebabbar in Larsa 3045:Gugalanna is the first husband of 3007: 2893:Adab, Lagash, Umma, Ur, Shuruppak 2821: 2372: 1664: 1638:and the divine assembly. In later 1598: 1472: 1441: 1387:(goddess of the rainbow), and his 1360:were regarded as his equivalents. 1300: 1240: 1179: 1105: 1067: 1021: 951: 895: 824: 785: 742: 669: 638:Ashur was the national god of the 622: 600:Marduk is the national god of the 581: 478: 426: 374: 140:semi-democratic legislative system 25: 24657: 23799:Wills, Lawrence Mitchell (2002), 23725:. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press. 23677:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (2011a). 23561:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1998b), 23520:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1998a), 23079:Trémouille, Marie-Claude (2013), 21664:Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia 21415:In Context: the Reade Festschrift 20952:"Manziʾat/Mazziʾat/Mazzât/Mazzêt" 19865:Holland, Glenn Stanfield (2009), 19510:Fontenrose, Joseph Eddy (1980) , 19437:The god Dagan in Bronze Age Syria 19072:Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 17259:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 17223:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 15476:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 15389:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 15021:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14870:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14834:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14712:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14700:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14685:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14673:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14661:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14583:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14566:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14549:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14440:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14428:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14376:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14304:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14270:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14258:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14243:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14180:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14117:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14093:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 14081:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 13945:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 13899:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 13887:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 13868:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 13633:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 13411:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 13166:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 12819:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 12807:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 12771:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 12752:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 12615:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 12594:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 12356:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 12212:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11888:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11876:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11864:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11788:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11692:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11677:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11662:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11650:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11633:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11621:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11609:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11594:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11558:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11546:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11519:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 11374:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 10854:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 10756:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 10709:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 10692:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 10497:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 10485:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 10417:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 10369:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 10357:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 10270:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9831:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9787:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9772:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9760:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9745:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9730:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9718:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9706:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9687:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9668:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9653:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9641:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9626:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9614:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9593:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9152:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9128:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9111:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9099:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9087:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9075:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9042:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 9030:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 8066:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 7793:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 7781:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 7671:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013 6785:, alongside Nabarbi and Samnuha. 6625:Ḫarbe was likely the head of the 5805:or "bull-man". In the Babylonian 3555:Kittum was a daughter of Utu and 2618:Duttur was the mother of Dumuzi. 295:was regarded as the supreme god. 24602: 24601: 24589: 23643:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1997). 23602:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (2011), 23479:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1998), 23439:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1992). 23346:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1988). 22230:Alter Orient und Altes Testament 22074:Pongratz-Leisten, Beate (2012). 21661:Nemet-Nejat, Karen Rhea (1998), 19810:Henkelman, Wouter F. M. (2008). 19769:Henkelman, Wouter F. M. (2011), 19236:Drewnowska-Rymarz, Olga (2008). 18597:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible 18342:Bautsch, Kelly Coblentz (2003), 17939:"The Names of the Primeval Gods" 17779:Finkelstein & Silberman 2001 17743:Finkelstein & Silberman 2001 16386: 14522:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998b 11386:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998a 5572:Gilgamesh and the Bull of Heaven 3438:, the god of rage and violence. 2161:proposed that the Greek goddess 2024: 227: 23787:from the original on 2022-03-12 23747:from the original on 2022-10-10 23707:from the original on 2022-02-07 23665:from the original on 2022-09-21 23618:from the original on 2021-06-06 23577:from the original on 2021-06-06 23536:from the original on 2021-06-06 23495:from the original on 2021-06-06 23467:from the original on 2022-10-06 23414:from the original on 2021-06-06 23386:from the original on 2022-12-21 23291:from the original on 2023-02-12 23173:from the original on 2023-01-11 23095:from the original on 2021-06-06 23048:from the original on 2022-03-31 23016:Such-Gutiérrez, Marcos (2005). 22991:from the original on 2021-06-06 22950:from the original on 2021-06-06 22874:from the original on 2022-10-10 22832:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 22814:from the original on 2022-10-02 22761:from the original on 2021-06-06 22734:from the original on 2022-09-21 22682:from the original on 2022-03-13 22640:from the original on 2022-11-29 22598:from the original on 2023-06-28 22545:from the original on 2021-06-06 22517:from the original on 2022-02-12 22473:from the original on 2021-07-16 22423:from the original on 2022-02-08 22350:from the original on 2021-07-31 22253:from the original on 2022-09-21 22217:from the original on 2023-04-09 22164:from the original on 2023-02-11 22104:from the original on 2023-09-30 22049:from the original on 2021-06-06 22021:from the original on 2022-02-13 21979:from the original on 2022-02-09 21937:from the original on 2022-12-21 21885:from the original on 2022-03-07 21849:from the original on 2022-09-20 21809:from the original on 2022-12-30 21720:from the original on 2023-04-09 21649:from the original on 2022-11-29 21594:from the original on 2022-05-20 21554:Mittermayer, Catherine (2015). 21540:, Westminster John Knox Press, 21506:from the original on 2021-06-06 21465:from the original on 2021-06-06 21459:±Realle±±xikon der Assyriologie 21437:from the original on 2022-10-18 21417:. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. 21378:from the original on 2023-04-09 21320:from the original on 2022-05-31 21264:from the original on 2022-09-23 21181:from the original on 2023-04-09 21136:from the original on 2021-06-06 21007:from the original on 2021-06-06 20966:from the original on 2021-06-06 20925:from the original on 2021-06-06 20897:from the original on 2022-09-22 20824:from the original on 2021-06-06 20783:from the original on 2021-06-06 20742:from the original on 2021-06-06 20714:from the original on 2022-03-13 20659:from the original on 2021-06-06 20618:from the original on 2021-06-06 20577:from the original on 2021-06-06 20549:from the original on 2022-05-20 20488:from the original on 2021-06-06 20447:from the original on 2021-06-06 20433:"Meskilak, Mesikila, Ninsikila" 20406:from the original on 2021-06-06 20365:from the original on 2021-06-06 20302:from the original on 2024-04-29 20271:from the original on 2020-08-08 20224:, Bethesda, Maryland: CDL Press 20208:from the original on 2022-12-21 20157:from the original on 2019-02-04 20045:from the original on 2023-04-09 19983:from the original on 2022-04-05 19853:from the original on 2021-11-20 19785:from the original on 2021-06-06 19698:from the original on 2023-12-19 19666:from the original on 2022-05-24 19577:from the original on 2022-05-31 19409:from the original on 2021-06-06 19339:from the original on 2021-06-06 19298:from the original on 2021-06-06 19263:Drijvers, Henrik J. W. (1980). 19122:from the original on 2024-02-19 19059:from the original on 2023-04-09 18905:from the original on 2021-06-06 18864:from the original on 2021-06-06 18823:from the original on 2021-06-06 18739:from the original on 2021-06-06 18616:The Literature of Ancient Sumer 18591:Betz, Arnold Gottfried (2000), 18566:from the original on 2021-06-06 18499:from the original on 2022-10-24 18453:"Ištar of Nineveh Reconsidered" 18439:from the original on 2021-10-19 18388:from the original on 2022-09-21 18317:from the original on 2021-06-06 18242:from the original on 2021-06-05 18186:from the original on 2022-02-28 18115:from the original on 2022-03-31 18073:from the original on 2023-02-10 18013:from the original on 2022-10-07 17969:from the original on 2022-11-13 17905:from the original on 2021-07-28 17835:from the original on 2023-04-09 17787: 15006:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998 14965:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998 14598:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998 14505:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998 12077:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998 8450: 7093:Tishpak was a god who replaced 6946:indicates she was equated with 6622:Kassite homeland in the Zagros 6424:Belet-Šuḫnir and Belet-Terraban 5462:Monsters and apotropaic spirits 1903:Dūri and Dāri (derived from an 83:has on a human is described as 41:2300 BC, depicting the deities 22745:Soldt, Wilfred H. van (2005), 21608:Iraq after the Muslim conquest 21293:10.30687/978-88-6969-231-4/005 21287:. Antichistica. Vol. 17. 19560:Babylonian Topographical Texts 18260:, Cambridge University Press, 17917:Andrade, Nathanael J. (2013), 7183:, who originally lived in the 6058:Foreign deities in Mesopotamia 5677:and to Combabos mentioned by 5423:Debate between Sheep and Grain 5154:Marduk's Address to the Demons 3644:Marduk's Address to the Demons 3477:) and Anshar (in the god list 3061:, Inanna tells the gatekeeper 3027:, but is sometimes the son of 871:seven judges of the Underworld 89:physical creeping of the flesh 69:Deities in ancient Mesopotamia 13: 1: 23926:Lists of mythological figures 23358:(2). Walter de Gruyter GmbH. 23159:, Berlin: Mouton Publishers, 22334:Sallaberger, Walther (2017), 21909:(1). Walter de Gruyter GmbH. 20991:Lambert, Wilfred G. (1987a), 20909:Lambert, Wilfred G. (1983b), 20849:Lambert, Wilfred G. (1983a). 20767:Lambert, Wilfred G. (1980a), 19888:Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography 18950:Clay, Albert Tobias (2006) , 18427:Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (2014). 18404:. Leiden Boston: Brill STYX. 18400:Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (2003). 18372:Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (1992). 16844:Ebeling & Wiggermann 2019 7261: 5926:, as gods of foreign nation ( 4493:Ninpumuna was the goddess of 4109:Nippur, Umma, Lagash, Dilbat 3828:, which is named after them. 3619:(not to be confused with the 3278:Igalima was a son of Bau and 3023:said to be the son of An and 2604:in the third millennium BCE. 2416: 2412: 2400: 2388:, Lagash, Girsu, Der, Nippur 2165:, mentioned in Book V of the 2150: 1192:and other temples in Nippur, 1003:and uses stones to build the 960:E-šu-me-ša temple in Nippur, 209: 205: 176: 151: 147: 38: 23612:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 23571:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 23530:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 23489:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 23408:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 23089:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 22985:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 22944:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 22828:"The Mesopotamian God Kakka" 22755:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 22700:Altorientalische Forschungen 22539:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 22375:Schneider, Tammi J. (2011), 22344:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 22078:. In Bonnet, Corinne (ed.). 22043:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 22033:Pomponio, Francesco (1998), 21991:Peterson, Jeremiah (2016a). 21821:Peterson, Jeremiah (2009a). 21733:Journal of Cuneiform Studies 21500:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 21130:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 21073:Lambert, Wilfred G. (2013). 21001:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20960:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20950:Lambert, Wilfred G. (1987), 20919:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20818:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20808:Lambert, Wilfred G. (1983), 20777:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20736:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20726:Lambert, Wilfred G. (1980), 20653:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20612:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20571:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20482:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20441:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20400:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20390:Krebernik, Manfred (1987a), 20359:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 20282:Kramer, Samuel Noah (1963), 19779:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 19593:. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. 19440:. Leiden Boston, MA: Brill. 19403:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 19333:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 19292:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 18993:. Bethesda, Md.: CDL Press. 18899:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 18858:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 18817:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 18733:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 18644:, The British Museum Press, 18560:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 18519:(1). PERSEE Program: 25–39. 18457:Journal of Cuneiform Studies 18311:Reallexikon der Assyriologie 18284:10.1017/cbo9781139136952.004 6229:built a sanctuary to Apollo 4903:Šarrat-Dēri was the wife of 3393:Worshipped with Enki as his 2789:Enlil Chooses the Farmer-God 2643:Enlil Chooses the Farmer-God 1087:Dumuzid, later known by the 7: 23842:The Early History of Heaven 23645:"Transtigridian Snake Gods" 23147:Vanstiphout, H. L. (1984), 22826:Steinkeller, Piotr (1982). 22618:. Bethesda, Md: CDL Press. 22284:Saadi-Nejad, Manya (2021). 22116:Porter, Barbara N. (2004). 22082:. Caltanissetta: Sciascia. 21949:Peterson, Jeremiah (2014). 21897:Peterson, Jeremiah (2016). 21861:Peterson, Jeremiah (2011). 21777:Peterson, Jeremiah (2009). 21490:Michalowski, Piotr (2013), 21449:Michalowski, Piotr (1998), 21100:Launderville, Dale (2010), 20643:Krebernik, Manfred (2011), 20602:Krebernik, Manfred (2008), 20561:Krebernik, Manfred (2005), 20513:Krebernik, Manfred (2003). 20472:Krebernik, Manfred (1998), 20431:Krebernik, Manfred (1997), 20349:Krebernik, Manfred (1987), 20140:10.7592/FEJF2001.16.planets 20056:Jacobsen, Thorkild (1987), 19829:Herbert, Sharon. C (2003). 19282:Edzard, Dietz-Otto (1980), 19265:Cults and beliefs at Edessa 19238:Mesopotamian goddess Nanāja 18930:Ceccarelli, Manuel (2016), 18790:A Companion to Ancient Epic 18619:. Oxford University Press. 18093:. Atlanta: Lockwood Press. 12113:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983 10663:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983 10639:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983 9545:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983 9374:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983 8978:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983 8954:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983 8870:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983 8858:Wolkstein & Kramer 1983 8457:Nugent, Tony (1993-01-01). 8269:Coleman & Davidson 2015 7229: 6482:etc.) than a deity proper. 6288:was present on the island. 4089:Nindara was the husband of 3079:Gunura was the daughter of 2544:Isin, Larsa, Ur, and Girsu 1762:Inanna and the Huluppu Tree 863:descent into the Underworld 511:. His wife was the goddess 10: 24662: 23839:Wright, J. Edward (2002), 23364:10.1515/zava.1988.78.2.225 23251:Wasserman, Nathan (2008). 23214:Veenhof, Klaas R. (2018). 23022:Archiv für Orientforschung 22910:Stephens, Kathryn (2016), 22886:Stephens, Kathryn (2013), 22503:10.1163/156921208786182428 22456:10.1163/156921207783876404 21957:. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag. 21827:. Münster: Ugarit Verlag. 21700:Penglase, Charles (1994), 21389:McEvilley, Thomas (2002), 21358:McCall, Henrietta (1990), 21339:World History Encyclopedia 21192:Leick, Gwendolyn (2013) , 21161:Leick, Gwendolyn (1998) , 20186:10.1515/zava.1995.85.2.221 19995:Litke, Richard L. (1998). 19678:Grabbe, Lester L. (2010), 19638:George, Andrew R. (2003). 19618:"Glossary of Proper Nouns" 19589:George, Andrew R. (1993). 19557:George, Andrew R. (1992). 19487:. Potomac, MD: CDL Press. 19133:Dever, William G. (2003), 18778:10.1163/156852704323056643 18723:Brinkman, John A. (1980), 17879:. In Nasrabadi, B. (ed.). 16660:Bricault & Bonnet 2013 6995:and other Hurrian centers 6853:Hurrian areas, especially 6768:Hurrian areas, especially 5774:respectively in the past. 3804:Lugal-irra and Meslamta-ea 3559:. Her name means "Truth". 1766:The Creation of the Pickax 1492:. She was associated with 1270:. During the reign of the 720:, and to Egypt, as far as 200:, first attested from the 24584: 24350: 23932: 22798:10.1163/9789004187474_014 22660:. Leiden, Boston: Brill. 22485:Schwemer, Daniel (2008). 22435:Schwemer, Daniel (2007). 22395:Schwemer, Daniel (2001). 22243:"Ninurta, god of victory" 22197:Pryke, Louise M. (2017), 22134:10.1017/S0021088900001601 21575:10.1515/9781575063553-015 21236:Marchesi, Gianni (2006). 21075:Babylonian creation myths 20089:Jordan, Michael (2002) , 19967:10.1515/9781575066394-051 19847:2027/spo.0054307.0015.104 19483:Foster, Benjamin (1996). 19153:Dillery, John D. (2014). 18970:Cohen, Getzel M. (2013). 18613:Black, Jeremy A. (2006). 18254:Ataç, Mehmet-Ali (2018), 18043:10.1017/S0021088900000565 17860:10.1017/S002108890000320X 15919:Edzard & Lambert 1980 15566:Fechner & Tanret 2014 15533:Fechner & Tanret 2014 7136: 7113: 7080: 7064: 7047: 7014: 6973: 6954: 6923: 6897: 6867: 6838: 6815: 6789: 6760: 6741: 6711: 6674: 6637: 6616: 6593: 6564: 6538: 6508: 6486: 6449: 6422: 6400: 6370: 6326: 6292: 6253: 6201: 6170: 6118: 6078: 6029: 6007: 5988: 5961: 5938: 5905: 5875: 5848: 5815: 5778: 5747: 5724: 5700: 5685: 5651: 5633: 5600: 5553: 5533: 5482: 5477: 5474: 5471: 5468: 5429: 5374: 5358: 5331: 5313: 5294: 5275: 5245: 5226: 5207: 5189: 5164: 5142: 5119: 5097: 5082: 5055: 5029: 4998: 4960: 4932: 4911: 4892: 4869: 4848: 4833: 4810: 4777: 4747: 4734: 4707: 4680: 4646: 4632: 4600: 4578: 4525: 4501: 4478: 4459: 4443: 4424: 4405: 4383: 4363: 4348: 4325: 4269: 4250: 4224: 4199: 4186: 4171: 4152: 4125: 4097: 4078: 4062: 4045: 4027: 3999: 3970: 3954: 3939: 3904: 3886: 3855: 3832: 3802: 3761: 3746: 3716: 3674: 3650: 3631: 3602: 3583: 3563: 3544: 3528: 3501: 3456: 3442: 3419: 3378: 3364: 3336: 3307: 3286: 3267: 3232: 3215: 3195: 3172: 3114: 3091: 3069: 3035: 3001: 2959: 2933: 2910: 2881: 2842: 2815: 2776: 2757: 2744: 2730:Inanna prefers the farmer 2705: 2669: 2630: 2608: 2576: 2560: 2536: 2504: 2481: 2456: 2442: 2419:1155 BC), a scribe named 2362: 2343: 2314: 2287: 2264: 2234: 2213: 2187: 2131: 2110: 2083: 2061: 2045: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2018:imagined her appearance. 1995: 1969: 1956: 1936: 1916: 1912:(Old Babylonian period). 1897: 1864: 1852:mythology under the name 1832: 1810: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1710: 1658: 1592: 1554: 1505: 1466: 1435: 1364: 1290: 1234: 1216:Gula ("the great"), from 1158: 1099: 1057: 1015: 941: 885: 814: 775: 732: 663: 616: 575: 468: 416: 364: 359: 356: 353: 350: 347: 23759:Wilhelm, Gernot (1989). 23563:"Nergal A. Philological" 22652:Sharlach, Tonia (2007). 22610:Sharlach, Tonia (2002). 22241:Robson, Eleanor (2015), 21606:Morony, Michael (1984). 21409:MacGinnis, John (2020). 21276:Marcato, Enrico (2018). 20392:"Mamma, Mammi, Mammītum" 19885:Horowitz, Wayne (1998), 19180:Dirven, Lucinda (2014). 18154:Archi, Alfonso (2015a). 17875:Alvarez-Mon, J. (2018). 17795:Ackerman, Susan (2005), 14210:Behrens & Klein 1998 14195:Behrens & Klein 1998 14168:Behrens & Klein 1998 14151:Behrens & Klein 1998 14134:Behrens & Klein 1998 8463:Religion - Dissertations 7029:Kassite homeland in the 5419:Enki and the World Order 5070:Šulšagana is the son of 3966:associated with Marduk. 3315:Assur, a town near Nuzi 3160:and may have had one in 2701:also remains uncertain. 2409:Middle Babylonian Period 988:bird after it stole the 555:Enki and the World Order 142:that existed during the 71:were almost exclusively 24641:Mythology-related lists 24110:Indian-origin religions 23719:Wiggins, Steve (2007). 23683:Oxford Handbooks Online 23060:Taracha, Piotr (2009). 21681:Parker, Robert (2017). 21423:10.2307/j.ctv1ddckv5.12 19616:George, Andrew (1999), 19364:Erickson, Kyle (2011). 19216:Doniger, Wendy (1990), 19201:10.1515/janeh-2014-0004 18989:Cohen, Mark E. (1993). 18699:Brisch, Nicole (2016), 18525:10.3406/ktema.1999.2206 18127:Archi, Alfonso (2015). 18085:Archi, Alfonso (2013). 18025:Archi, Alfonso (2010). 17981:Archi, Alfonso (2004). 17937:Archi, Alfonso (1990). 7246:List of Hurrian deities 7241:List of Hittite deities 7236:List of Elamite deities 7209:Deuteronomistic History 7016:Shuqamuna and Shumaliya 6510:Hahharnum and Hayyashum 5268:Library of Ashurbanipal 4258:Muru, Girima near Uruk 3332:, has broken its wing. 2967:Nippur, Isin, and Uruk 2384:, a small village near 2142:temple complex in Uruk 751:E-kiš-nu-ğal temple in 224:are used synonymously. 22712:10.1515/aofo-2017-0009 22570:Selz, Gebhard (1995). 22531:"Ḫarbe, archäologisch" 22529:Seidl, Ursula (1972), 22035:"Nabû A. Philological" 19532:Hurrians and Subarians 19386:Assyriological Studies 18451:Beckman, Gary (1998). 17567:Black & Green 1992 17194:Black & Green 1992 16832:Black & Green 1992 16817:Black & Green 1992 16802:Black & Green 1992 16099:Black & Green 1992 16066:Black & Green 1992 16027:Black & Green 1992 15834:Black & Green 1992 15796:Black & Green 1992 15717:Black & Green 1992 15651:Black & Green 1992 15639:Black & Green 1992 14938:Black & Green 1992 14899:Black & Green 1992 14469:Black & Green 1992 14457:Black & Green 1992 14399:Black & Green 1992 14231:Black & Green 1992 14028:Black & Green 1992 14016:Black & Green 1992 13774:Black & Green 1992 13735:Black & Green 1992 13723:Black & Green 1992 13702:Black & Green 1992 13329:Black & Green 1992 13193:Black & Green 1992 13009:Black & Green 1992 12831:Black & Green 1992 12783:Black & Green 1992 12737:Black & Green 1992 12188:Black & Green 1992 12173:Black & Green 1992 11985:Black & Green 1992 11827:Black & Green 1992 11740:Black & Green 1992 11715:Black & Green 1992 11582:Black & Green 1992 11342:Black & Green 1992 10993:Black & Green 1992 10878:Black & Green 1992 10806:Black & Green 1992 10603:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008 10541:Black & Green 1992 10470:Black & Green 1992 10405:Black & Green 1992 10345:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008 10333:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008 10321:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008 10309:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008 10297:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008 10258:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008 10246:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008 10234:Drewnowska-Rymarz 2008 10210:Black & Green 1992 9916:Black & Green 1992 9856:Black & Green 1992 9576:Black & Green 1992 9513:Black & Green 1992 9450:Black & Green 1992 9362:Black & Green 1992 9341:Kasak & Veede 2001 9329:Black & Green 1992 9310:Kasak & Veede 2001 9298:Black & Green 1992 9286:Kasak & Veede 2001 9262:Black & Green 1992 9225:Black & Green 1992 9201:Black & Green 1992 9189:Black & Green 1992 9164:Black & Green 1992 9140:Black & Green 1992 9009:Black & Green 1992 8860:, pp. ix–xi, xvi. 8846:Black & Green 1992 8816:Black & Green 1992 8780:Black & Green 1992 8751:Black & Green 1992 8716:Kasak & Veede 2001 8636:Black & Green 1992 8589:Black & Green 1992 8577:Black & Green 1992 8516:Black & Green 1992 8497:Kasak & Veede 2001 8485:Black & Green 1992 8445:Black & Green 1992 8302:Black & Green 1992 8290:Black & Green 1992 8095:Black & Green 1992 8028:Black & Green 1992 7999:Black & Green 1992 7964:Black & Green 1992 7745:Black & Green 1992 7692:Black & Green 1992 7569:Black & Green 1992 7484:Black & Green 1992 7469:Black & Green 1992 7454:Black & Green 1992 7400:Black & Green 1992 7381:Black & Green 1992 7354:Black & Green 1992 7335:Black & Green 1992 7318:Black & Green 1992 7303:Black & Green 1992 7291:Black & Green 1992 7165: 7025: 6984: 6908: 6878: 6849: 6722: 6648: 6549: 6519: 6460: 6381: 6337: 6264: 6227:Seleucia on the Tigris 6212: 6181: 6133: 6089: 6018: 5972: 5886: 5859: 5826: 5789: 5758: 5666: 5611: 5564: 5497: 5108: 4947: 4788: 4657: 4611: 4536: 4436:Ḫurim, Guabba, Lagash 4295:The Death of Gilgamesh 4280: 4235: 3813: 3730:Lisin and her brother 3389: 3012: 2826: 2377: 1669: 1603: 1477: 1446: 1305: 1245: 1184: 1110: 1072: 1026: 956: 900: 829: 790: 755:and another temple in 747: 674: 627: 586: 483: 474:Nudimmud, Ninshiku, Ea 431: 379: 65: 57: 24646:Mesopotamian religion 23962:Australian Aboriginal 23869:10.1515/9783110757262 23859:Zisa, Gioele (2021). 23303:Weeden, Mark (2016), 23269:10.3917/assy.102.0071 23229:10.3917/assy.112.0049 22975:Stol, Martin (2019), 22934:Stol, Martin (1998), 22450:(2). Brill: 121–168. 21633:Murat, Leyla (2009). 20604:"Richtergott(heiten)" 20076:James, E. O. (1963), 19953:Klein, Jacob (2010). 19530:Gelb, Ignace (1973). 19434:Feliu, Lluís (2003). 19078:(2). Wiley: 177–185. 18725:"Kassiten · Kassites" 18658:Blum, Erhard (1998), 18301:Bauer, Josef (1987), 18137:10.1515/9781614517887 18129:Ebla and Its Archives 17519:Pongratz-Leisten 2012 16922:Pongratz-Leisten 2012 16720:Pongratz-Leisten 2012 7164: 7024: 6983: 6907: 6877: 6848: 6721: 6647: 6548: 6518: 6459: 6380: 6336: 6263: 6211: 6180: 6132: 6088: 6017: 5971: 5885: 5858: 5825: 5788: 5757: 5665: 5610: 5563: 5496: 5156:he appears alongside 5107: 4946: 4787: 4697:The Marriage of Martu 4656: 4610: 4535: 4490:, possibly Gishbanda 4305:, in the Underworld. 4279: 4234: 3812: 3475:Nergal and Ereshkigal 3388: 3011: 2825: 2397:Early Dynastic Period 2376: 2308:Neo-Babylonian Period 1930:Early Dynastic period 1668: 1602: 1569:, Kish, Ḫursaĝkalama 1499:First Sealand dynasty 1476: 1445: 1304: 1284:neo-Babylonian period 1280:Old Babylonian period 1244: 1183: 1109: 1071: 1025: 999:, he slays the demon 981:, originally Mercury 955: 899: 828: 789: 746: 738:Enzu, Zuen, Suen, Sin 673: 626: 585: 482: 430: 378: 202:Old Babylonian Period 103:, including the word 63: 32: 24631:Mesopotamian deities 23185:van der Toorn, Karel 21915:10.1515/za-2016-0004 21411:"The gods of Arbail" 20684:Krul, Julia (2018). 20092:Encyclopedia of Gods 19929:Horry, Ruth (2016), 19905:Horry, Ruth (2013), 19735:History of Religions 17067:, pp. 361, 366. 16416:, pp. 124, 138. 9203:, pp. 138, 142. 8872:, pp. xiii, xv. 6585:. Evidence from the 6430:Šuḫnir and Terraban 5718:divine determinative 4771:Old Aramaic-speaking 4137:Ekišnuĝal temple in 2972:dream interpretation 2925:, who built a small 1188:E-gal-mah temple in 794:E-Babbar temples at 134:. The gods also had 18:Mesopotamian goddess 22278:1998JBAA..108....9R 21795:10.1515/ZA.2009.006 21755:10.1086/JCS25608622 20692:. Münster: Zaphon. 20249:Kramer, Samuel Noah 20220:Katz, Dina (2003), 20168:Katz, Dina (1995). 19240:. Warszawa: Agade. 17781:, pp. 310–313. 17745:, pp. 302–305. 17079:, pp. 354–355. 17055:, pp. 364–366. 16936:, pp. 322–323. 16900:, pp. 324–325. 16746:, pp. 101–102. 16674:, pp. 101–113. 16650:, pp. 156–157. 16551:, pp. 140–142. 16266:, pp. 173–174. 16206:, pp. 169–171. 16101:, pp. 147–148. 16068:, pp. 115–116. 16008:, pp. 164–165. 15860:, pp. 144–145. 15731:, pp. 166–167. 15683:, pp. 153–154. 15653:, pp. 107–108. 15592:, pp. 192–193. 15317:, pp. 130–131. 15225:, pp. 413–414. 14901:, pp. 132–133. 14471:, pp. 139–140. 14030:, pp. 129–130. 13737:, pp. 123–124. 13671:, pp. 240–241. 13599:, pp. 506–507. 13452:, pp. 418–419. 13355:, pp. 432–424. 13331:, pp. 112–113. 13307:, pp. 316–317. 13156:, pp. 196–197. 13108:, pp. 358–359. 12647:, pp. 221–222. 12632:, pp. 220–221. 12115:, pp. 157–159. 12091:, pp. 174–175. 12038:, pp. 126–128. 12026:, pp. 125–126. 11999:, pp. 124–125. 11841:, pp. 224–225. 11764:Such-Gutiérrez 2005 11400:, pp. 353–354. 11125:, pp. 316–317. 10936:, pp. 107–134. 10912:, pp. 107–108. 10868:, pp. 107–147. 10758:, pp. 145–146. 10593:, pp. 228–229. 10472:, pp. 140–141. 10460:, pp. 168–169. 10347:, pp. 160–161. 10248:, pp. 116–117. 10066:, pp. 123–133. 9300:, pp. 142–143. 9227:, pp. 71, 138. 9101:, pp. 139–140. 8968:, pp. 102–104. 8926:, pp. 101–103. 8896:, pp. 225–228. 8331:, pp. 115–121. 8319:, pp. 231–234. 8180:, pp. 405–426. 8112:, pp. 261–278. 8001:, pp. 182–184. 7966:, pp. 108–109. 7941:, pp. 201–203. 7929:, pp. 122–123. 7837:, pp. 262–263. 7810:, pp. 279–280. 7759:, pp. 120–122. 7730:, pp. 127–140. 7444:, pp. 186–188. 7432:, pp. 186–187. 7320:, pp. 130–131. 6899:Ninatta and Kulitta 6781:text as the god of 5799:Neo-Assyrian Period 5712:he is described as 5517:Tablet of Destinies 4983:Tablet of Destinies 4333:Kiabrig, Ur, Larsa 4041:("righteousness"). 3698:Tiglath-Pileser III 3552:Bad-Tibira, Rahabu 2310:(626 BC – 539 BC). 2038:Major cult centers 1272:Third Dynasty of Ur 1030:E-Meslam temple in 990:Tablet of Destinies 354:Major cult centers 212:1531 BC). The name 144:Third Dynasty of Ur 132:religious festivals 22497:(1). Brill: 1–44. 21532:Miller, Patrick D. 21361:Mesopotamian Myths 20023:Jacobsen, Thorkild 16400:2021-05-22 at the 15140:van der Toorn 1996 13438:van der Toorn 1995 12190:, pp. 57, 73. 8304:, pp. 74, 76. 7166: 7026: 6985: 6909: 6879: 6850: 6811:Minimzir/Mirizir. 6805:Wilfred G. Lambert 6723: 6658:Inshushinak (from 6649: 6550: 6520: 6461: 6382: 6338: 6265: 6213: 6182: 6134: 6102:rule, a number of 6090: 6019: 5973: 5887: 5860: 5827: 5790: 5759: 5679:Lucian of Samosata 5667: 5612: 5565: 5498: 5475:Associated god(s) 5399:Enki and Ninhursag 5109: 5031:Shullat and Hanish 4985:, but refuses. In 4948: 4792:Isin, Nippur, and 4789: 4773:population there. 4658: 4612: 4537: 4513:Nippur, Shuruppak 4467:Kisiga, Shuruppak 4371:Shuruppak, Nippur 4281: 4236: 3814: 3796:Sumerian King List 3409:Enki and Ninhursag 3390: 3358:Wilfred G. Lambert 3013: 2827: 2799:2021-05-07 at the 2734:Samuel Noah Kramer 2726:Enkimdu and Dumuzi 2696:2021-10-03 at the 2653:2021-05-07 at the 2378: 2332:Populus euphratica 1926:ancestors of Enlil 1670: 1640:Akkadian mythology 1604: 1478: 1447: 1393:was the snake-god 1312:, Assur, Kurba'il 1306: 1246: 1185: 1111: 1073: 1027: 957: 901: 891:Damgalnuna, Ninmah 830: 791: 748: 675: 628: 587: 535:, and the goddess 484: 432: 406:Wilfred G. Lambert 380: 267:, and later on in 233:Samuel Noah Kramer 97:Akkadian languages 87:, a word for the " 66: 58: 24616: 24615: 23878:978-3-11-075726-2 23852:978-0-19-534849-1 23832:978-0-06-090854-6 23812:978-0-19-515142-8 23772:978-0-85668-442-5 23732:978-1-59333-717-9 23658:978-90-56-93005-9 23452:978-90-72371-52-2 23338:978-90-56-93005-9 23200:978-90-04-10410-5 23166:978-90-279-3460-4 22807:978-90-04-18748-1 22667:978-90-474-2085-9 22583:978-0-924171-00-0 22408:978-3-447-04456-1 22388:978-0-8028-2959-7 22327:978-0-88029-127-9 22295:978-1-83860-111-9 22210:978-1-138-86073-5 22089:978-88-8241-388-0 22006:978-3-86835-202-3 21964:978-3-86835-076-0 21834:978-3-86835-019-7 21713:978-0-415-15706-3 21692:978-0-520-29394-6 21683:Greek Gods Abroad 21674:978-0-313-29497-6 21617:978-0-691-05395-0 21547:978-0-664-21262-9 21402:978-1-58115-203-6 21371:978-0-292-75130-9 21302:978-88-6969-233-8 21249:978-88-901286-4-6 21205:978-1-134-92074-7 21174:978-0-415-19811-0 21113:978-0-8146-5734-8 21084:978-1-57506-861-9 21045:978-1-885923-44-8 20699:978-3-96327-010-9 20315:Anatolian Studies 20295:978-0-226-45238-8 20264:978-0-8122-1047-7 20240:978-90-56-93005-9 20102:978-0-8160-5923-2 20069:978-0-300-07278-5 20038:978-1-55635-952-1 20006:978-0-9667495-0-2 19898:978-0-931464-99-7 19878:978-0-7425-9979-6 19821:978-90-6258-414-7 19691:978-0-567-55248-8 19631:978-0-14-044919-8 19570:978-90-6831-410-6 19541:978-0-226-62393-1 19523:978-0-520-04106-6 19476:978-0-7432-2338-6 19274:978-9-004-29562-9 19247:978-83-87111-41-0 19229:978-0-87779-044-0 19164:978-0-472-05227-1 19146:978-0-8028-4416-3 19115:978-0-567-53783-6 19084:10.1111/aae.12005 19052:978-0-19-283589-5 19037:Dalley, Stephanie 19029:978-1-78404-478-7 18981:978-0-520-95356-7 18963:978-1-59752-718-7 18943:978-3-16-154278-7 18850:"Nin-ama'arḫuššu" 18800:978-1-4051-0524-8 18691:978-9-004-25690-3 18673:978-3-290-17536-8 18651:978-0-7141-1705-8 18626:978-0-19-929633-0 18606:978-90-5356-503-2 18411:978-90-04-13024-1 18378:Acta Sumerologica 18357:978-90-04-13103-3 18267:978-1-107-15495-7 18232:978-3-7278-1738-0 18209:978-0-19-507618-9 18146:978-1-61451-716-0 18100:978-1-937040-11-6 17930:978-1-107-01205-9 17890:978-3-88120-868-0 17828:978-0-8006-2393-7 17808:978-0-231-13260-2 17769:, pp. 32–33. 17613:, pp. 37–39. 17545:, pp. 41–44. 17169:, pp. 47–48. 16804:, pp. 41–42. 16722:, pp. 86–87. 16476:, pp. 13–30. 16464:, pp. 51–63. 15698:, pp. 39–40. 15668:, pp. 33–34. 15616:, pp. 28–29. 15580:, pp. 27–28. 15514:, pp. 68–69. 12821:, pp. 67–68. 12579:, pp. 88–89. 12295:, pp. 49–50. 12214:, pp. 59–60. 12202:, pp. 21–22. 12142:, pp. 58–59. 11958:, pp. 37–38. 11584:, pp. 34–35. 11041:, pp. 22–23. 10895:, pp. 30–41. 10880:, pp. 53–54. 10856:, pp. 93–94. 10665:, pp. 61–63. 10653:, pp. 92–94. 10641:, pp. 20–27. 10629:, pp. 67–68. 10443:, pp. 37–38. 10335:, pp. 42–43. 10311:, pp. 23–24. 10260:, pp. 97–98. 9774:, pp. 21–22. 9655:, pp. 82–83. 9467:, pp. 74–84. 9429:, pp. 83–87. 9417:, pp. 83–84. 9405:, pp. 87–88. 9376:, pp. 74–84. 9288:, pp. 25–26. 9154:, pp. 58–59. 8980:, pp. 71–89. 8956:, pp. 52–71. 8941:, pp. 83–96. 8797:, pp. 36–37. 8718:, pp. 17–18. 8591:, pp. 37–38. 8542:, pp. 85–86. 8408:, pp. 34–35. 7583:, pp. 52–53. 7536:, pp. 53–54. 7471:, pp. 44–45. 7305:, pp. 93–94. 7276:, pp. 32–33. 7227: 7226: 7217:sole, supreme God 7201:Temple of Solomon 7157: 7120: 6967:Isin-Larsa period 6733:Her symbols were 6681: 6652:Elam, especially 6443:Puzur-Inshushinak 6125: 6055: 6054: 5658: 5594:Epic of Gilgamesh 5577:Epic of Gilgamesh 5489: 5459: 5458: 5445:Epic of Gilgamesh 5436: 5338: 5233: 5214: 5201:Epic of Gilgamesh 5062: 5041:Epic of Gilgamesh 4939: 4714: 4508: 4431: 4132: 4104: 4006: 3893: 3839: 3576:Theogony of Dunnu 3239: 3179: 2947:describes her as 2888: 2864:Epic of Gilgamesh 2849: 2691:Inanna and Bilulu 2620:Thorkild Jacobsen 2426:Epic of Gilgamesh 2369: 2321: 2299:Sippar and Larsa 2294: 2171:as the mother of 2022: 2021: 1752:Primordial beings 1749: 1748: 1297: 1196:, Assur, Sippar, 1176: 1064: 948: 892: 821: 782: 739: 702:Nebuchadnezzar II 475: 423: 371: 300:Sumerian religion 16:(Redirected from 24653: 24636:Lists of deities 24605: 24604: 24593: 24435:King of the gods 23919: 23912: 23905: 23896: 23895: 23890: 23855: 23835: 23815: 23795: 23793: 23792: 23755: 23753: 23752: 23715: 23713: 23712: 23673: 23671: 23670: 23639: 23633: 23625: 23624: 23623: 23598: 23592: 23584: 23583: 23582: 23557: 23551: 23543: 23542: 23541: 23516: 23510: 23502: 23501: 23500: 23475: 23473: 23472: 23435: 23429: 23421: 23420: 23419: 23394: 23392: 23391: 23342: 23323: 23322: 23320: 23299: 23297: 23296: 23247: 23245: 23244: 23231: 23210: 23208: 23207: 23180: 23179: 23178: 23143: 23116: 23110: 23102: 23101: 23100: 23075: 23064:. Harrassowitz. 23056: 23054: 23053: 23012: 23006: 22998: 22997: 22996: 22971: 22965: 22957: 22956: 22955: 22930: 22929: 22927: 22906: 22905: 22903: 22882: 22880: 22879: 22822: 22820: 22819: 22782: 22776: 22768: 22767: 22766: 22741: 22740: 22739: 22690: 22688: 22687: 22648: 22646: 22645: 22606: 22604: 22603: 22566: 22560: 22552: 22551: 22550: 22525: 22523: 22522: 22481: 22479: 22478: 22472: 22441: 22431: 22429: 22428: 22391: 22371: 22365: 22357: 22356: 22355: 22330: 22320:, Dorset Press, 22307: 22280: 22260: 22259: 22258: 22237: 22224: 22223: 22222: 22193: 22172: 22170: 22169: 22112: 22110: 22109: 22070: 22064: 22056: 22055: 22054: 22029: 22027: 22026: 21987: 21985: 21984: 21945: 21943: 21942: 21893: 21891: 21890: 21857: 21855: 21854: 21817: 21815: 21814: 21773: 21748: 21727: 21726: 21725: 21696: 21677: 21657: 21655: 21654: 21635:"Goddess Išhara" 21629: 21602: 21600: 21599: 21593: 21560: 21550: 21527: 21521: 21513: 21512: 21511: 21486: 21480: 21472: 21471: 21470: 21445: 21443: 21442: 21405: 21385: 21384: 21383: 21354: 21353: 21351: 21328: 21326: 21325: 21319: 21282: 21272: 21270: 21269: 21232: 21231: 21229: 21208: 21188: 21187: 21186: 21157: 21151: 21143: 21142: 21141: 21116: 21096: 21069: 21067: 21065: 21028: 21022: 21014: 21013: 21012: 20987: 20981: 20973: 20972: 20971: 20946: 20940: 20932: 20931: 20930: 20905: 20903: 20902: 20845: 20839: 20831: 20830: 20829: 20804: 20798: 20790: 20789: 20788: 20763: 20757: 20749: 20748: 20747: 20722: 20720: 20719: 20680: 20674: 20666: 20665: 20664: 20639: 20633: 20625: 20624: 20623: 20598: 20592: 20584: 20583: 20582: 20557: 20555: 20554: 20548: 20519: 20509: 20503: 20495: 20494: 20493: 20468: 20462: 20454: 20453: 20452: 20427: 20421: 20413: 20412: 20411: 20386: 20380: 20372: 20371: 20370: 20345: 20309: 20308: 20307: 20278: 20277: 20276: 20244: 20225: 20216: 20214: 20213: 20164: 20163: 20162: 20156: 20133: 20115: 20105: 20085: 20072: 20052: 20051: 20050: 20018: 19991: 19989: 19988: 19949: 19948: 19946: 19925: 19924: 19922: 19901: 19881: 19861: 19859: 19858: 19825: 19806: 19800: 19792: 19791: 19790: 19765: 19729: 19705: 19704: 19703: 19674: 19672: 19671: 19634: 19612: 19585: 19583: 19582: 19553: 19526: 19506: 19479: 19459: 19430: 19424: 19416: 19415: 19414: 19389: 19380: 19370: 19360: 19354: 19346: 19345: 19344: 19319: 19313: 19305: 19304: 19303: 19278: 19259: 19232: 19212: 19186: 19176: 19149: 19129: 19128: 19127: 19095: 19066: 19065: 19064: 19032: 19012: 18985: 18966: 18946: 18926: 18920: 18912: 18911: 18910: 18885: 18879: 18871: 18870: 18869: 18844: 18838: 18830: 18829: 18828: 18803: 18780: 18760: 18754: 18746: 18745: 18744: 18719: 18718: 18716: 18695: 18676: 18654: 18636: 18634: 18633: 18609: 18587: 18581: 18573: 18572: 18571: 18546: 18536: 18507: 18505: 18504: 18447: 18445: 18444: 18423: 18396: 18394: 18393: 18368: 18338: 18332: 18324: 18323: 18322: 18297: 18276:Universal Empire 18270: 18250: 18248: 18247: 18241: 18224: 18212: 18194: 18192: 18191: 18150: 18123: 18121: 18120: 18081: 18079: 18078: 18021: 18019: 18018: 17977: 17975: 17974: 17933: 17913: 17911: 17910: 17871: 17842: 17841: 17840: 17811: 17782: 17776: 17770: 17764: 17758: 17752: 17746: 17740: 17734: 17728: 17722: 17716: 17707: 17701: 17692: 17686: 17677: 17671: 17662: 17656: 17650: 17644: 17638: 17632: 17626: 17620: 17614: 17608: 17602: 17596: 17587: 17581: 17570: 17564: 17558: 17552: 17546: 17540: 17534: 17528: 17522: 17516: 17510: 17504: 17498: 17492: 17486: 17480: 17474: 17468: 17462: 17456: 17450: 17444: 17438: 17432: 17426: 17420: 17414: 17408: 17402: 17396: 17390: 17384: 17378: 17372: 17366: 17360: 17349: 17343: 17337: 17331: 17325: 17319: 17310: 17304: 17291: 17285: 17274: 17268: 17262: 17256: 17250: 17244: 17238: 17232: 17226: 17220: 17214: 17208: 17197: 17191: 17170: 17164: 17158: 17152: 17146: 17140: 17134: 17128: 17122: 17116: 17107: 17101: 17092: 17086: 17080: 17074: 17068: 17062: 17056: 17050: 17044: 17038: 17032: 17026: 17020: 17014: 17008: 17002: 16996: 16993:Wiggermann 2011a 16990: 16981: 16975: 16964: 16958: 16952: 16946: 16937: 16931: 16925: 16919: 16913: 16907: 16901: 16895: 16886: 16880: 16871: 16865: 16859: 16853: 16847: 16841: 16835: 16829: 16820: 16814: 16805: 16799: 16793: 16790:Alvarez-Mon 2018 16787: 16781: 16775: 16766: 16760: 16747: 16741: 16735: 16729: 16723: 16717: 16711: 16705: 16699: 16693: 16687: 16681: 16675: 16669: 16663: 16657: 16651: 16645: 16639: 16633: 16627: 16621: 16615: 16609: 16603: 16597: 16591: 16585: 16579: 16573: 16567: 16561: 16552: 16546: 16540: 16534: 16528: 16522: 16516: 16510: 16504: 16498: 16489: 16483: 16477: 16471: 16465: 16459: 16453: 16447: 16441: 16438:Saadi-Nejad 2021 16435: 16429: 16423: 16417: 16411: 16405: 16390: 16384: 16378: 16372: 16366: 16357: 16351: 16345: 16339: 16324: 16318: 16312: 16306: 16297: 16291: 16282: 16276: 16267: 16261: 16252: 16246: 16237: 16231: 16222: 16216: 16207: 16201: 16195: 16189: 16176: 16170: 16164: 16158: 16152: 16146: 16137: 16131: 16114: 16108: 16102: 16096: 16090: 16084: 16069: 16063: 16057: 16051: 16042: 16036: 16030: 16024: 16009: 16003: 15997: 15991: 15985: 15979: 15973: 15967: 15958: 15952: 15943: 15937: 15922: 15916: 15903: 15897: 15888: 15882: 15876: 15870: 15861: 15855: 15849: 15843: 15837: 15831: 15818: 15812: 15799: 15793: 15778: 15772: 15763: 15757: 15744: 15738: 15732: 15726: 15720: 15714: 15699: 15693: 15684: 15678: 15669: 15663: 15654: 15648: 15642: 15636: 15617: 15611: 15605: 15599: 15593: 15587: 15581: 15575: 15569: 15563: 15557: 15551: 15536: 15530: 15515: 15509: 15503: 15497: 15491: 15485: 15479: 15473: 15467: 15461: 15455: 15449: 15443: 15437: 15431: 15425: 15419: 15413: 15392: 15386: 15377: 15371: 15362: 15356: 15345: 15339: 15333: 15327: 15318: 15312: 15303: 15297: 15284: 15278: 15272: 15266: 15260: 15254: 15241: 15235: 15226: 15220: 15214: 15208: 15199: 15193: 15187: 15181: 15175: 15169: 15158: 15155:Michalowski 2013 15152: 15143: 15137: 15128: 15122: 15116: 15110: 15104: 15098: 15092: 15086: 15077: 15071: 15065: 15059: 15048: 15042: 15036: 15030: 15024: 15018: 15009: 15003: 14997: 14991: 14980: 14974: 14968: 14962: 14953: 14947: 14941: 14935: 14902: 14896: 14890: 14884: 14873: 14867: 14854: 14848: 14837: 14831: 14820: 14814: 14799: 14793: 14787: 14781: 14772: 14766: 14757: 14751: 14745: 14739: 14730: 14724: 14715: 14709: 14703: 14697: 14688: 14682: 14676: 14670: 14664: 14658: 14652: 14646: 14640: 14634: 14628: 14622: 14616: 14610: 14601: 14595: 14586: 14580: 14569: 14563: 14552: 14546: 14537: 14531: 14525: 14519: 14508: 14502: 14496: 14490: 14484: 14478: 14472: 14466: 14460: 14454: 14443: 14437: 14431: 14425: 14414: 14408: 14402: 14396: 14379: 14373: 14367: 14361: 14355: 14349: 14336: 14330: 14324: 14318: 14307: 14301: 14292: 14286: 14273: 14267: 14261: 14255: 14246: 14240: 14234: 14228: 14213: 14207: 14198: 14192: 14183: 14177: 14171: 14165: 14154: 14148: 14137: 14131: 14120: 14114: 14108: 14102: 14096: 14090: 14084: 14078: 14067: 14061: 14052: 14046: 14031: 14025: 14019: 14013: 14004: 13998: 13992: 13986: 13980: 13974: 13963: 13957: 13948: 13942: 13929: 13923: 13917: 13911: 13902: 13896: 13890: 13884: 13871: 13865: 13854: 13848: 13842: 13836: 13821: 13815: 13809: 13803: 13794: 13788: 13777: 13771: 13738: 13732: 13726: 13720: 13705: 13699: 13672: 13666: 13660: 13654: 13648: 13642: 13636: 13630: 13617: 13611: 13600: 13594: 13585: 13579: 13573: 13570:Wiggermann 1998b 13567: 13548: 13542: 13531: 13525: 13519: 13513: 13500: 13494: 13485: 13479: 13468: 13462: 13453: 13447: 13441: 13435: 13426: 13420: 13414: 13408: 13395: 13389: 13383: 13377: 13368: 13362: 13356: 13350: 13344: 13338: 13332: 13326: 13320: 13314: 13308: 13302: 13296: 13290: 13281: 13275: 13266: 13260: 13247: 13241: 13232: 13226: 13220: 13217:Steinkeller 1982 13214: 13208: 13202: 13196: 13190: 13169: 13163: 13157: 13151: 13145: 13139: 13126: 13120: 13109: 13103: 13097: 13091: 13082: 13076: 13063: 13057: 13048: 13042: 13036: 13030: 13024: 13018: 13012: 13006: 12993: 12987: 12981: 12975: 12969: 12963: 12957: 12951: 12945: 12939: 12926: 12920: 12914: 12908: 12902: 12896: 12890: 12884: 12875: 12869: 12863: 12857: 12834: 12828: 12822: 12816: 12810: 12804: 12798: 12792: 12786: 12780: 12774: 12768: 12755: 12749: 12740: 12734: 12709: 12703: 12697: 12691: 12680: 12674: 12663: 12657: 12648: 12642: 12633: 12627: 12618: 12612: 12597: 12591: 12580: 12574: 12568: 12562: 12547: 12541: 12528: 12522: 12505: 12499: 12493: 12487: 12481: 12475: 12469: 12463: 12454: 12448: 12437: 12431: 12425: 12419: 12413: 12410:Mittermayer 2015 12407: 12398: 12392: 12386: 12380: 12374: 12368: 12359: 12353: 12342: 12336: 12330: 12324: 12311: 12305: 12296: 12290: 12281: 12275: 12266: 12260: 12254: 12248: 12242: 12236: 12230: 12224: 12215: 12209: 12203: 12197: 12191: 12185: 12176: 12170: 12155: 12149: 12143: 12137: 12131: 12125: 12116: 12110: 12104: 12098: 12092: 12086: 12080: 12074: 12063: 12057: 12051: 12045: 12039: 12033: 12027: 12021: 12015: 12009: 12000: 11994: 11988: 11982: 11959: 11953: 11947: 11941: 11932: 11926: 11920: 11914: 11908: 11902: 11891: 11885: 11879: 11873: 11867: 11861: 11842: 11836: 11830: 11824: 11791: 11785: 11779: 11773: 11767: 11761: 11755: 11749: 11743: 11737: 11718: 11712: 11695: 11689: 11680: 11674: 11665: 11659: 11653: 11647: 11636: 11630: 11624: 11618: 11612: 11606: 11597: 11591: 11585: 11579: 11573: 11567: 11561: 11555: 11549: 11543: 11534: 11531:Nemet-Nejat 1998 11528: 11522: 11516: 11507: 11501: 11495: 11489: 11483: 11477: 11471: 11468:Wiggermann 1998a 11465: 11454: 11448: 11442: 11436: 11425: 11419: 11413: 11407: 11401: 11395: 11389: 11383: 11377: 11371: 11360: 11354: 11345: 11339: 11320: 11314: 11308: 11302: 11293: 11287: 11281: 11275: 11269: 11263: 11257: 11251: 11240: 11234: 11228: 11222: 11216: 11210: 11201: 11195: 11189: 11183: 11177: 11171: 11165: 11159: 11153: 11147: 11141: 11135: 11126: 11120: 11114: 11108: 11102: 11096: 11090: 11084: 11078: 11072: 11066: 11060: 11054: 11048: 11042: 11036: 11030: 11024: 11011: 11005: 10996: 10990: 10979: 10973: 10964: 10958: 10952: 10946: 10937: 10931: 10925: 10919: 10913: 10907: 10896: 10890: 10881: 10875: 10869: 10863: 10857: 10851: 10845: 10842:Sallaberger 2017 10839: 10833: 10830:Sallaberger 2017 10827: 10821: 10818:Sallaberger 2017 10815: 10809: 10803: 10788: 10785:Michalowski 1998 10782: 10776: 10773:Michalowski 1998 10770: 10759: 10753: 10747: 10744:Michalowski 1998 10741: 10735: 10732:Michalowski 1998 10729: 10712: 10706: 10695: 10689: 10678: 10672: 10666: 10660: 10654: 10648: 10642: 10636: 10630: 10624: 10618: 10612: 10606: 10600: 10594: 10588: 10582: 10576: 10561: 10555: 10544: 10538: 10527: 10521: 10515: 10509: 10500: 10494: 10488: 10482: 10473: 10467: 10461: 10455: 10444: 10438: 10432: 10426: 10420: 10414: 10408: 10402: 10393: 10387: 10372: 10366: 10360: 10354: 10348: 10342: 10336: 10330: 10324: 10318: 10312: 10306: 10300: 10294: 10288: 10282: 10273: 10267: 10261: 10255: 10249: 10243: 10237: 10231: 10225: 10219: 10213: 10207: 10192: 10186: 10177: 10171: 10165: 10159: 10150: 10144: 10129: 10123: 10108: 10102: 10096: 10090: 10084: 10078: 10067: 10061: 10055: 10049: 10043: 10037: 10031: 10025: 10019: 10013: 10007: 10001: 9992: 9986: 9980: 9974: 9968: 9962: 9953: 9947: 9936: 9930: 9919: 9913: 9874: 9868: 9859: 9853: 9834: 9828: 9809: 9806:Sallaberger 2017 9803: 9790: 9784: 9775: 9769: 9763: 9757: 9748: 9742: 9733: 9727: 9721: 9715: 9709: 9703: 9690: 9684: 9671: 9665: 9656: 9650: 9644: 9638: 9629: 9623: 9617: 9611: 9596: 9590: 9579: 9573: 9560: 9554: 9548: 9542: 9533: 9530:Nemet-Nejat 1998 9527: 9516: 9510: 9483: 9477: 9468: 9462: 9453: 9447: 9430: 9424: 9418: 9412: 9406: 9400: 9394: 9388: 9377: 9371: 9365: 9359: 9344: 9338: 9332: 9326: 9313: 9307: 9301: 9295: 9289: 9283: 9277: 9271: 9265: 9259: 9240: 9234: 9228: 9222: 9216: 9210: 9204: 9198: 9192: 9186: 9167: 9161: 9155: 9149: 9143: 9137: 9131: 9125: 9114: 9108: 9102: 9096: 9090: 9084: 9078: 9072: 9045: 9039: 9033: 9027: 9012: 9006: 8981: 8975: 8969: 8963: 8957: 8951: 8942: 8936: 8927: 8921: 8912: 8906: 8897: 8894:Vanstiphout 1984 8891: 8885: 8879: 8873: 8867: 8861: 8855: 8849: 8843: 8834: 8828: 8819: 8813: 8798: 8792: 8783: 8777: 8754: 8748: 8731: 8725: 8719: 8713: 8704: 8698: 8689: 8683: 8674: 8668: 8662: 8656: 8639: 8633: 8604: 8598: 8592: 8586: 8580: 8574: 8568: 8562: 8543: 8537: 8531: 8525: 8519: 8513: 8500: 8494: 8488: 8482: 8467: 8466: 8454: 8448: 8442: 8409: 8403: 8394: 8388: 8377: 8371: 8356: 8350: 8344: 8338: 8332: 8326: 8320: 8314: 8305: 8299: 8293: 8287: 8272: 8266: 8257: 8251: 8240: 8234: 8228: 8222: 8216: 8210: 8204: 8198: 8181: 8175: 8166: 8160: 8154: 8148: 8142: 8136: 8130: 8124: 8113: 8107: 8098: 8092: 8069: 8063: 8048: 8042: 8031: 8025: 8002: 7996: 7990: 7987:Nemet-Nejat 1998 7984: 7967: 7961: 7942: 7939:Nemet-Nejat 1998 7936: 7930: 7924: 7918: 7912: 7906: 7900: 7894: 7888: 7882: 7876: 7870: 7864: 7853: 7847: 7838: 7832: 7826: 7820: 7811: 7805: 7796: 7790: 7784: 7778: 7772: 7766: 7760: 7754: 7748: 7742: 7731: 7728:Falkenstein 1965 7725: 7719: 7713: 7707: 7701: 7695: 7689: 7674: 7668: 7657: 7651: 7634: 7628: 7611: 7605: 7599: 7593: 7584: 7578: 7572: 7566: 7537: 7531: 7525: 7519: 7504: 7498: 7487: 7481: 7472: 7466: 7457: 7451: 7445: 7442:Nemet-Nejat 1998 7439: 7433: 7430:Nemet-Nejat 1998 7427: 7418: 7415:Nemet-Nejat 1998 7412: 7403: 7397: 7384: 7378: 7372: 7369:Nemet-Nejat 1998 7366: 7357: 7351: 7338: 7332: 7321: 7315: 7306: 7300: 7294: 7288: 7277: 7271: 7205:Babylonian exile 7199:, destroyed the 7141: 7116: 6729:, Hurrian areas 6679: 6627:Kassite pantheon 6241:) from Antioch. 6221:The Hellenistic 6140:areas, possibly 6121: 6071:Place of origin 6062: 6061: 5950:represent Ea on 5793:Enki/Ea; Marduk 5656: 5487: 5466: 5465: 5435:Mer, Ber, Iluwer 5434: 5336: 5231: 5212: 5060: 4937: 4827:Urash and Marduk 4712: 4506: 4429: 4130: 4102: 4021:shepherd's crook 4004: 3891: 3863:Nippur and Umma 3837: 3473:of both Anu (in 3318:Ilabrat was the 3237: 3177: 2884: 2847: 2421:Sîn-lēqi-unninni 2418: 2414: 2402: 2367: 2319: 2293:Sherida, Nin-Aya 2292: 2152: 2029: 2028: 1985:, a synonym for 1797: 1796: 1780:Epic of Creation 1758:creation stories 1295: 1163: 1062: 946: 904:E-Mah temple in 890: 819: 780: 737: 473: 421: 369: 345: 344: 211: 207: 190:Inanna's Descent 178: 153: 149: 40: 21: 24661: 24660: 24656: 24655: 24654: 24652: 24651: 24650: 24621: 24620: 24617: 24612: 24580: 24346: 24270:Native American 23928: 23923: 23893: 23879: 23853: 23833: 23813: 23790: 23788: 23773: 23750: 23748: 23733: 23710: 23708: 23701: 23668: 23666: 23659: 23627: 23626: 23621: 23619: 23586: 23585: 23580: 23578: 23545: 23544: 23539: 23537: 23504: 23503: 23498: 23496: 23470: 23468: 23453: 23423: 23422: 23417: 23415: 23389: 23387: 23339: 23318: 23316: 23294: 23292: 23242: 23240: 23205: 23203: 23201: 23176: 23174: 23167: 23132: 23104: 23103: 23098: 23096: 23072: 23051: 23049: 23000: 22999: 22994: 22992: 22959: 22958: 22953: 22951: 22925: 22923: 22901: 22899: 22877: 22875: 22817: 22815: 22808: 22770: 22769: 22764: 22762: 22737: 22735: 22685: 22683: 22668: 22643: 22641: 22626: 22601: 22599: 22584: 22554: 22553: 22548: 22546: 22520: 22518: 22476: 22474: 22470: 22439: 22426: 22424: 22409: 22389: 22359: 22358: 22353: 22351: 22328: 22312:Saggs, H. W. F. 22296: 22256: 22254: 22220: 22218: 22211: 22167: 22165: 22107: 22105: 22090: 22058: 22057: 22052: 22050: 22024: 22022: 22007: 21982: 21980: 21965: 21940: 21938: 21888: 21886: 21852: 21850: 21835: 21812: 21810: 21723: 21721: 21714: 21693: 21675: 21652: 21650: 21618: 21597: 21595: 21591: 21585: 21563:Babel und Bibel 21558: 21548: 21515: 21514: 21509: 21507: 21474: 21473: 21468: 21466: 21440: 21438: 21403: 21381: 21379: 21372: 21349: 21347: 21323: 21321: 21317: 21303: 21280: 21267: 21265: 21250: 21227: 21225: 21206: 21184: 21182: 21175: 21145: 21144: 21139: 21137: 21114: 21085: 21063: 21061: 21046: 21016: 21015: 21010: 21008: 20975: 20974: 20969: 20967: 20934: 20933: 20928: 20926: 20900: 20898: 20867:10.2307/4200181 20851:"The God Aššur" 20833: 20832: 20827: 20825: 20792: 20791: 20786: 20784: 20751: 20750: 20745: 20743: 20717: 20715: 20700: 20668: 20667: 20662: 20660: 20627: 20626: 20621: 20619: 20586: 20585: 20580: 20578: 20552: 20550: 20546: 20532: 20517: 20497: 20496: 20491: 20489: 20456: 20455: 20450: 20448: 20415: 20414: 20409: 20407: 20374: 20373: 20368: 20366: 20327:10.2307/3642699 20305: 20303: 20296: 20274: 20272: 20265: 20241: 20211: 20209: 20160: 20158: 20154: 20131:10.1.1.570.6778 20113: 20103: 20070: 20048: 20046: 20039: 20007: 19986: 19984: 19977: 19944: 19942: 19920: 19918: 19899: 19879: 19856: 19854: 19822: 19794: 19793: 19788: 19786: 19701: 19699: 19692: 19669: 19667: 19652: 19632: 19601: 19580: 19578: 19571: 19542: 19524: 19495: 19477: 19448: 19418: 19417: 19412: 19410: 19368: 19348: 19347: 19342: 19340: 19307: 19306: 19301: 19299: 19275: 19248: 19230: 19184: 19165: 19147: 19125: 19123: 19116: 19062: 19060: 19053: 19030: 19001: 18982: 18964: 18944: 18914: 18913: 18908: 18906: 18873: 18872: 18867: 18865: 18832: 18831: 18826: 18824: 18801: 18785:Burkert, Walter 18748: 18747: 18742: 18740: 18714: 18712: 18692: 18674: 18652: 18631: 18629: 18627: 18607: 18575: 18574: 18569: 18567: 18502: 18500: 18469:10.2307/1360026 18442: 18440: 18412: 18391: 18389: 18358: 18326: 18325: 18320: 18318: 18294: 18268: 18245: 18243: 18239: 18233: 18222: 18210: 18189: 18187: 18147: 18118: 18116: 18101: 18076: 18074: 18016: 18014: 17972: 17970: 17931: 17908: 17906: 17891: 17838: 17836: 17829: 17809: 17790: 17785: 17777: 17773: 17765: 17761: 17753: 17749: 17741: 17737: 17729: 17725: 17717: 17710: 17702: 17695: 17687: 17680: 17672: 17665: 17657: 17653: 17645: 17641: 17633: 17629: 17623:Wiggermann 1997 17621: 17617: 17611:Wiggermann 1997 17609: 17605: 17597: 17590: 17584:Trémouille 2013 17582: 17573: 17565: 17561: 17553: 17549: 17541: 17537: 17533:, pp. 7–8. 17529: 17525: 17517: 17513: 17505: 17501: 17493: 17489: 17481: 17477: 17469: 17465: 17457: 17453: 17445: 17441: 17433: 17429: 17421: 17417: 17409: 17405: 17397: 17393: 17385: 17381: 17375:Barjamovic 2012 17373: 17369: 17361: 17352: 17344: 17340: 17332: 17328: 17320: 17313: 17305: 17294: 17286: 17277: 17269: 17265: 17257: 17253: 17245: 17241: 17233: 17229: 17221: 17217: 17209: 17200: 17192: 17173: 17167:Wiggermann 1997 17165: 17161: 17153: 17149: 17141: 17137: 17129: 17125: 17117: 17110: 17102: 17095: 17087: 17083: 17075: 17071: 17063: 17059: 17051: 17047: 17039: 17035: 17027: 17023: 17015: 17011: 17003: 16999: 16991: 16984: 16976: 16967: 16959: 16955: 16947: 16940: 16932: 16928: 16920: 16916: 16908: 16904: 16896: 16889: 16881: 16874: 16866: 16862: 16854: 16850: 16842: 16838: 16830: 16823: 16815: 16808: 16800: 16796: 16788: 16784: 16776: 16769: 16761: 16750: 16742: 16738: 16734:, pp. 6–7. 16730: 16726: 16718: 16714: 16706: 16702: 16694: 16690: 16682: 16678: 16670: 16666: 16658: 16654: 16646: 16642: 16634: 16630: 16622: 16618: 16610: 16606: 16598: 16594: 16586: 16582: 16574: 16570: 16562: 16555: 16547: 16543: 16537:Westenholz 1997 16535: 16531: 16523: 16519: 16511: 16507: 16499: 16492: 16484: 16480: 16472: 16468: 16460: 16456: 16448: 16444: 16436: 16432: 16424: 16420: 16412: 16408: 16402:Wayback Machine 16391: 16387: 16379: 16375: 16367: 16360: 16352: 16348: 16340: 16327: 16319: 16315: 16307: 16300: 16294:Wiggermann 1992 16292: 16285: 16279:Wiggermann 1992 16277: 16270: 16264:Wiggermann 1992 16262: 16255: 16249:Wiggermann 1992 16247: 16240: 16234:Wiggermann 1992 16232: 16225: 16219:Wiggermann 1992 16217: 16210: 16204:Wiggermann 1992 16202: 16198: 16192:Wiggermann 1992 16190: 16179: 16173:Wiggermann 2011 16171: 16167: 16161:Wiggermann 2011 16159: 16155: 16149:Wiggermann 2011 16147: 16140: 16134:Wiggermann 2011 16132: 16117: 16111:Wiggermann 2011 16109: 16105: 16097: 16093: 16087:Wiggermann 1992 16085: 16072: 16064: 16060: 16054:Wiggermann 1992 16052: 16045: 16039:Wiggermann 1992 16037: 16033: 16025: 16012: 16006:Wiggermann 1992 16004: 16000: 15994:Wiggermann 1992 15992: 15988: 15982:Wiggermann 1992 15980: 15976: 15970:Wiggermann 1992 15968: 15961: 15955:Wiggermann 1992 15953: 15946: 15940:Wiggermann 1992 15938: 15925: 15917: 15906: 15898: 15891: 15883: 15879: 15873:Wiggermann 1992 15871: 15864: 15856: 15852: 15844: 15840: 15832: 15821: 15815:Wiggermann 1992 15813: 15802: 15794: 15781: 15775:Wiggermann 1992 15773: 15766: 15760:Wiggermann 1992 15758: 15747: 15741:Wiggermann 1992 15739: 15735: 15729:Wiggermann 1992 15727: 15723: 15715: 15702: 15696:Wiggermann 1997 15694: 15687: 15679: 15672: 15664: 15657: 15649: 15645: 15637: 15620: 15612: 15608: 15600: 15596: 15588: 15584: 15576: 15572: 15564: 15560: 15552: 15539: 15531: 15518: 15510: 15506: 15498: 15494: 15486: 15482: 15474: 15470: 15462: 15458: 15450: 15446: 15438: 15434: 15426: 15422: 15414: 15395: 15387: 15380: 15372: 15365: 15357: 15348: 15340: 15336: 15328: 15321: 15313: 15306: 15298: 15287: 15279: 15275: 15267: 15263: 15255: 15244: 15236: 15229: 15221: 15217: 15209: 15202: 15194: 15190: 15182: 15178: 15170: 15161: 15153: 15146: 15138: 15131: 15123: 15119: 15111: 15107: 15099: 15095: 15087: 15080: 15072: 15068: 15060: 15051: 15043: 15039: 15031: 15027: 15019: 15012: 15004: 15000: 14992: 14983: 14975: 14971: 14963: 14956: 14948: 14944: 14936: 14905: 14897: 14893: 14885: 14876: 14868: 14857: 14849: 14840: 14832: 14823: 14815: 14802: 14794: 14790: 14782: 14775: 14767: 14760: 14752: 14748: 14740: 14733: 14725: 14718: 14710: 14706: 14698: 14691: 14683: 14679: 14671: 14667: 14659: 14655: 14647: 14643: 14635: 14631: 14623: 14619: 14611: 14604: 14596: 14589: 14581: 14572: 14564: 14555: 14547: 14540: 14532: 14528: 14520: 14511: 14503: 14499: 14491: 14487: 14479: 14475: 14467: 14463: 14455: 14446: 14438: 14434: 14426: 14417: 14409: 14405: 14397: 14382: 14374: 14370: 14362: 14358: 14350: 14339: 14331: 14327: 14319: 14310: 14302: 14295: 14287: 14276: 14268: 14264: 14256: 14249: 14241: 14237: 14229: 14216: 14208: 14201: 14193: 14186: 14178: 14174: 14166: 14157: 14149: 14140: 14132: 14123: 14115: 14111: 14103: 14099: 14091: 14087: 14079: 14070: 14062: 14055: 14047: 14034: 14026: 14022: 14014: 14007: 13999: 13995: 13987: 13983: 13975: 13966: 13958: 13951: 13943: 13932: 13924: 13920: 13912: 13905: 13897: 13893: 13885: 13874: 13866: 13857: 13851:Krebernik 1987a 13849: 13845: 13837: 13824: 13816: 13812: 13804: 13797: 13789: 13780: 13772: 13741: 13733: 13729: 13721: 13708: 13700: 13675: 13667: 13663: 13655: 13651: 13643: 13639: 13631: 13620: 13612: 13603: 13595: 13588: 13580: 13576: 13568: 13551: 13543: 13534: 13526: 13522: 13514: 13503: 13495: 13488: 13480: 13471: 13463: 13456: 13448: 13444: 13436: 13429: 13421: 13417: 13409: 13398: 13390: 13386: 13378: 13371: 13363: 13359: 13351: 13347: 13339: 13335: 13327: 13323: 13315: 13311: 13303: 13299: 13291: 13284: 13276: 13269: 13261: 13250: 13242: 13235: 13227: 13223: 13215: 13211: 13203: 13199: 13191: 13172: 13164: 13160: 13152: 13148: 13140: 13129: 13123:Wiggermann 1997 13121: 13112: 13104: 13100: 13092: 13085: 13077: 13066: 13058: 13051: 13045:Wiggermann 1998 13043: 13039: 13031: 13027: 13019: 13015: 13007: 12996: 12988: 12984: 12976: 12972: 12964: 12960: 12952: 12948: 12940: 12929: 12921: 12917: 12909: 12905: 12897: 12893: 12885: 12878: 12870: 12866: 12858: 12837: 12829: 12825: 12817: 12813: 12805: 12801: 12793: 12789: 12781: 12777: 12769: 12758: 12750: 12743: 12735: 12712: 12704: 12700: 12692: 12683: 12675: 12666: 12658: 12651: 12643: 12636: 12628: 12621: 12613: 12600: 12592: 12583: 12575: 12571: 12563: 12550: 12542: 12531: 12523: 12508: 12500: 12496: 12488: 12484: 12476: 12472: 12464: 12457: 12449: 12440: 12432: 12428: 12420: 12416: 12408: 12401: 12393: 12389: 12381: 12377: 12369: 12362: 12354: 12345: 12337: 12333: 12325: 12314: 12306: 12299: 12291: 12284: 12276: 12269: 12261: 12257: 12249: 12245: 12241:, p. 1123. 12237: 12233: 12225: 12218: 12210: 12206: 12198: 12194: 12186: 12179: 12171: 12158: 12152:Westenholz 1997 12150: 12146: 12140:Westenholz 1997 12138: 12134: 12126: 12119: 12111: 12107: 12099: 12095: 12087: 12083: 12075: 12066: 12058: 12054: 12046: 12042: 12034: 12030: 12022: 12018: 12010: 12003: 11995: 11991: 11983: 11962: 11954: 11950: 11942: 11935: 11927: 11923: 11915: 11911: 11903: 11894: 11886: 11882: 11874: 11870: 11862: 11845: 11837: 11833: 11825: 11794: 11786: 11782: 11774: 11770: 11762: 11758: 11750: 11746: 11738: 11721: 11713: 11698: 11690: 11683: 11675: 11668: 11660: 11656: 11648: 11639: 11631: 11627: 11619: 11615: 11607: 11600: 11592: 11588: 11580: 11576: 11568: 11564: 11556: 11552: 11544: 11537: 11529: 11525: 11517: 11510: 11502: 11498: 11490: 11486: 11478: 11474: 11466: 11457: 11451:Wiggermann 1998 11449: 11445: 11437: 11428: 11420: 11416: 11408: 11404: 11396: 11392: 11384: 11380: 11372: 11363: 11355: 11348: 11340: 11323: 11315: 11311: 11303: 11296: 11288: 11284: 11276: 11272: 11264: 11260: 11252: 11243: 11235: 11231: 11223: 11219: 11211: 11204: 11196: 11192: 11184: 11180: 11172: 11168: 11160: 11156: 11148: 11144: 11136: 11129: 11121: 11117: 11109: 11105: 11101:, pp. 4–5. 11097: 11093: 11085: 11081: 11073: 11069: 11061: 11057: 11049: 11045: 11037: 11033: 11025: 11014: 11006: 10999: 10991: 10982: 10974: 10967: 10959: 10955: 10947: 10940: 10932: 10928: 10920: 10916: 10908: 10899: 10891: 10884: 10876: 10872: 10864: 10860: 10852: 10848: 10840: 10836: 10828: 10824: 10816: 10812: 10804: 10791: 10783: 10779: 10771: 10762: 10754: 10750: 10742: 10738: 10730: 10715: 10707: 10698: 10690: 10681: 10675:Wiggermann 1998 10673: 10669: 10661: 10657: 10649: 10645: 10637: 10633: 10625: 10621: 10615:Wiggermann 1998 10613: 10609: 10601: 10597: 10591:Wiggermann 1988 10589: 10585: 10577: 10564: 10558:Wiggermann 1998 10556: 10547: 10539: 10530: 10524:Wiggermann 1998 10522: 10518: 10510: 10503: 10495: 10491: 10483: 10476: 10468: 10464: 10458:Wiggermann 1992 10456: 10447: 10441:Wiggermann 1997 10439: 10435: 10429:Wiggermann 1997 10427: 10423: 10415: 10411: 10403: 10396: 10390:Wiggermann 1997 10388: 10375: 10367: 10363: 10355: 10351: 10343: 10339: 10331: 10327: 10319: 10315: 10307: 10303: 10295: 10291: 10283: 10276: 10268: 10264: 10256: 10252: 10244: 10240: 10232: 10228: 10220: 10216: 10208: 10195: 10189:Wiggermann 1997 10187: 10180: 10174:Wiggermann 1997 10172: 10168: 10160: 10153: 10147:Wiggermann 1997 10145: 10132: 10126:Wiggermann 1997 10124: 10111: 10103: 10099: 10091: 10087: 10079: 10070: 10062: 10058: 10050: 10046: 10038: 10034: 10026: 10022: 10014: 10010: 10002: 9995: 9987: 9983: 9975: 9971: 9963: 9956: 9948: 9939: 9931: 9922: 9914: 9877: 9869: 9862: 9854: 9837: 9829: 9812: 9804: 9793: 9785: 9778: 9770: 9766: 9758: 9751: 9743: 9736: 9728: 9724: 9716: 9712: 9704: 9693: 9685: 9674: 9666: 9659: 9651: 9647: 9639: 9632: 9624: 9620: 9612: 9599: 9591: 9582: 9574: 9563: 9557:Wiggermann 1997 9555: 9551: 9543: 9536: 9528: 9519: 9511: 9486: 9480:Wiggermann 1997 9478: 9471: 9463: 9456: 9448: 9433: 9425: 9421: 9413: 9409: 9401: 9397: 9389: 9380: 9372: 9368: 9360: 9347: 9339: 9335: 9327: 9316: 9308: 9304: 9296: 9292: 9284: 9280: 9272: 9268: 9260: 9243: 9235: 9231: 9223: 9219: 9211: 9207: 9199: 9195: 9187: 9170: 9162: 9158: 9150: 9146: 9138: 9134: 9126: 9117: 9109: 9105: 9097: 9093: 9085: 9081: 9073: 9048: 9040: 9036: 9028: 9015: 9007: 8984: 8976: 8972: 8964: 8960: 8952: 8945: 8937: 8930: 8922: 8915: 8907: 8900: 8892: 8888: 8880: 8876: 8868: 8864: 8856: 8852: 8844: 8837: 8829: 8822: 8814: 8801: 8793: 8786: 8778: 8757: 8749: 8734: 8726: 8722: 8714: 8707: 8699: 8692: 8684: 8677: 8669: 8665: 8657: 8642: 8634: 8607: 8599: 8595: 8587: 8583: 8575: 8571: 8563: 8546: 8538: 8534: 8526: 8522: 8514: 8503: 8495: 8491: 8483: 8470: 8455: 8451: 8443: 8412: 8404: 8397: 8389: 8380: 8372: 8359: 8351: 8347: 8339: 8335: 8327: 8323: 8315: 8308: 8300: 8296: 8288: 8275: 8267: 8260: 8252: 8243: 8235: 8231: 8223: 8219: 8211: 8207: 8199: 8184: 8176: 8169: 8161: 8157: 8149: 8145: 8137: 8133: 8125: 8116: 8108: 8101: 8093: 8072: 8064: 8051: 8043: 8034: 8026: 8005: 7997: 7993: 7985: 7970: 7962: 7945: 7937: 7933: 7925: 7921: 7913: 7909: 7901: 7897: 7889: 7885: 7877: 7873: 7865: 7856: 7848: 7841: 7833: 7829: 7821: 7814: 7806: 7799: 7791: 7787: 7779: 7775: 7767: 7763: 7755: 7751: 7743: 7734: 7726: 7722: 7714: 7710: 7702: 7698: 7690: 7677: 7669: 7660: 7652: 7637: 7629: 7614: 7610:, pp. 6–7. 7606: 7602: 7594: 7587: 7579: 7575: 7567: 7540: 7532: 7528: 7520: 7507: 7499: 7490: 7482: 7475: 7467: 7460: 7452: 7448: 7440: 7436: 7428: 7421: 7413: 7406: 7398: 7387: 7379: 7375: 7367: 7360: 7352: 7341: 7333: 7324: 7316: 7309: 7301: 7297: 7289: 7280: 7272: 7268: 7264: 7251:List of sukkals 7232: 7140: 7115: 7037:Kassite dynasty 6809:Kassite goddess 6678: 6120: 6060: 5655: 5486: 5464: 5433: 5335: 5230: 5211: 5132:Enki and Ninmah 5059: 4936: 4711: 4570:astral goddess 4564:Seleucid Period 4519:Enki and Ninmah 4505: 4428: 4418:Enki and Ninmah 4214:Enki and Ninmah 4129: 4101: 4011:Babylon, Assur 4003: 3890: 3836: 3591:Lagash, Nippur 3514:bēlet kaššāpāti 3413:Inanna and Enki 3301:Sargonic period 3260: 3253:trial by ordeal 3236: 3176: 3106:she assigned a 2883: 2870:Atra-Hasis Epic 2846: 2801:Wayback Machine 2698:Wayback Machine 2655:Wayback Machine 2525:Bunene was the 2471: 2366: 2318: 2291: 2147:Akkadian Period 2027: 1770:Enki and Ninmah 1754: 1676:, later Nippur 1628:Inanna and Enki 1457:Corona Borealis 1294: 1162: 1061: 945: 889: 818: 779: 736: 559:Inanna and Enki 499:, southern sky 472: 422:Nunamnir, Ellil 420: 392:Equatorial sky 368: 357:Celestial body 230: 73:anthropomorphic 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 24659: 24649: 24648: 24643: 24638: 24633: 24614: 24613: 24611: 24610: 24598: 24585: 24582: 24581: 24579: 24578: 24573: 24568: 24563: 24558: 24553: 24548: 24543: 24542: 24541: 24531: 24526: 24521: 24520: 24519: 24509: 24504: 24499: 24494: 24489: 24484: 24479: 24474: 24469: 24468: 24467: 24457: 24452: 24447: 24442: 24437: 24432: 24427: 24422: 24417: 24412: 24407: 24402: 24397: 24392: 24387: 24382: 24377: 24372: 24367: 24362: 24356: 24354: 24352:By association 24348: 24347: 24345: 24344: 24339: 24334: 24329: 24324: 24319: 24314: 24309: 24304: 24299: 24294: 24289: 24284: 24279: 24278: 24277: 24267: 24262: 24257: 24252: 24247: 24242: 24237: 24232: 24227: 24222: 24217: 24212: 24207: 24202: 24197: 24192: 24187: 24182: 24177: 24172: 24171: 24170: 24169: 24168: 24158: 24157: 24156: 24146: 24145: 24144: 24139: 24129: 24128: 24127: 24122: 24107: 24102: 24097: 24092: 24087: 24086: 24085: 24075: 24074: 24073: 24063: 24058: 24053: 24048: 24043: 24038: 24037: 24036: 24031: 24021: 24016: 24011: 24006: 24005: 24004: 23994: 23989: 23984: 23979: 23974: 23969: 23964: 23959: 23954: 23949: 23944: 23938: 23936: 23930: 23929: 23922: 23921: 23914: 23907: 23899: 23892: 23891: 23877: 23863:. De Gruyter. 23856: 23851: 23836: 23831: 23816: 23811: 23796: 23771: 23756: 23731: 23716: 23700:978-0199557301 23699: 23674: 23657: 23640: 23599: 23558: 23517: 23476: 23451: 23436: 23395: 23343: 23337: 23324: 23300: 23248: 23222:(112): 49–90. 23211: 23199: 23181: 23165: 23144: 23130: 23117: 23076: 23071:978-3447058858 23070: 23057: 23013: 22972: 22931: 22907: 22883: 22844:10.1086/372968 22823: 22806: 22783: 22742: 22691: 22666: 22649: 22624: 22607: 22582: 22567: 22526: 22482: 22432: 22407: 22392: 22387: 22372: 22331: 22326: 22308: 22294: 22281: 22261: 22238: 22225: 22209: 22194: 22173: 22113: 22088: 22071: 22030: 22005: 21988: 21963: 21946: 21894: 21873:(2): 279–288. 21858: 21833: 21818: 21774: 21728: 21712: 21697: 21691: 21678: 21673: 21658: 21630: 21616: 21603: 21583: 21551: 21546: 21528: 21487: 21446: 21406: 21401: 21386: 21370: 21355: 21329: 21301: 21273: 21248: 21233: 21209: 21204: 21189: 21173: 21158: 21117: 21112: 21097: 21083: 21070: 21044: 21029: 20988: 20947: 20906: 20846: 20805: 20764: 20723: 20698: 20681: 20640: 20599: 20563:"Pa(p)-niĝara" 20558: 20530: 20510: 20469: 20428: 20387: 20346: 20310: 20294: 20279: 20263: 20245: 20239: 20226: 20217: 20165: 20106: 20101: 20086: 20073: 20068: 20053: 20037: 20019: 20005: 19992: 19975: 19950: 19926: 19902: 19897: 19882: 19877: 19862: 19826: 19820: 19807: 19766: 19747:10.1086/463228 19741:(3): 261–278, 19730: 19719:10.2307/605698 19706: 19690: 19675: 19650: 19635: 19630: 19613: 19599: 19586: 19569: 19554: 19540: 19527: 19522: 19507: 19493: 19480: 19475: 19460: 19446: 19431: 19390: 19381: 19361: 19320: 19279: 19273: 19267:. USA: Brill. 19260: 19246: 19233: 19228: 19213: 19195:(2): 201–229. 19177: 19163: 19150: 19145: 19130: 19114: 19096: 19067: 19051: 19033: 19028: 19013: 18999: 18986: 18980: 18967: 18962: 18947: 18942: 18927: 18886: 18845: 18804: 18799: 18781: 18761: 18720: 18696: 18690: 18684:. USA: Brill. 18677: 18672: 18655: 18650: 18637: 18625: 18610: 18605: 18588: 18547: 18508: 18448: 18424: 18410: 18397: 18369: 18356: 18339: 18298: 18292: 18271: 18266: 18251: 18231: 18213: 18208: 18195: 18151: 18145: 18131:. DE GRUYTER. 18124: 18099: 18082: 18022: 17978: 17934: 17929: 17914: 17889: 17872: 17843: 17827: 17812: 17807: 17791: 17789: 17786: 17784: 17783: 17771: 17759: 17757:, p. 917. 17747: 17735: 17723: 17721:, p. 125. 17708: 17693: 17691:, p. 110. 17678: 17676:, p. 109. 17674:MacGinnis 2020 17663: 17661:, p. 152. 17659:Krebernik 1998 17651: 17639: 17627: 17615: 17603: 17601:, p. 181. 17588: 17586:, p. 374. 17571: 17559: 17557:, p. 268. 17547: 17535: 17523: 17511: 17509:, p. 106. 17499: 17487: 17475: 17473:, p. 291. 17463: 17461:, p. 288. 17451: 17449:, p. 634. 17439: 17437:, p. 403. 17427: 17425:, p. 354. 17423:Henkelman 2008 17415: 17403: 17401:, p. 123. 17391: 17387:Krebernik 1997 17379: 17367: 17365:, p. 346. 17350: 17338: 17326: 17311: 17292: 17290:, p. 229. 17275: 17263: 17261:, p. 134. 17251: 17239: 17227: 17215: 17211:Krebernik 1997 17198: 17171: 17159: 17155:Henkelman 2008 17147: 17145:, p. 114. 17135: 17133:, p. 472. 17123: 17121:, p. 105. 17108: 17106:, p. 104. 17093: 17091:, p. 353. 17089:Henkelman 2008 17081: 17077:Henkelman 2008 17069: 17065:Henkelman 2008 17057: 17053:Henkelman 2008 17045: 17041:al-Salihi 1996 17033: 17021: 17019:, p. 302. 17009: 16997: 16995:, p. 672. 16982: 16980:, p. 169. 16965: 16963:, p. 324. 16953: 16951:, p. 112. 16938: 16926: 16914: 16902: 16887: 16885:, p. 332. 16872: 16870:, p. 325. 16860: 16848: 16846:, p. 223. 16836: 16821: 16806: 16794: 16792:, p. 186. 16782: 16780:, p. 103. 16767: 16765:, p. 102. 16748: 16736: 16724: 16712: 16710:, p. 101. 16700: 16688: 16686:, p. 134. 16676: 16664: 16662:, p. 120. 16652: 16640: 16638:, p. 162. 16628: 16626:, p. 155. 16616: 16614:, p. 154. 16604: 16602:, p. 166. 16592: 16590:, p. 158. 16580: 16578:, p. 163. 16568: 16566:, p. 153. 16553: 16541: 16529: 16517: 16515:, p. 140. 16505: 16503:, p. 118. 16490: 16488:, p. 218. 16478: 16466: 16454: 16442: 16440:, p. 121. 16430: 16428:, p. 170. 16418: 16406: 16385: 16383:, p. 188. 16373: 16371:, p. 100. 16358: 16356:, p. 365. 16346: 16325: 16323:, p. 283. 16313: 16311:, p. 172. 16298: 16296:, p. 181. 16283: 16281:, p. 173. 16268: 16253: 16251:, p. 172. 16238: 16236:, p. 171. 16223: 16221:, p. 170. 16208: 16196: 16194:, p. 184. 16177: 16175:, p. 464. 16165: 16163:, p. 461. 16153: 16151:, p. 463. 16138: 16136:, p. 462. 16115: 16113:, p. 459. 16103: 16091: 16089:, p. 169. 16070: 16058: 16056:, p. 165. 16043: 16041:, p. 164. 16031: 16029:, p. 115. 16010: 15998: 15996:, p. 177. 15986: 15984:, p. 174. 15974: 15972:, p. 176. 15959: 15957:, p. 182. 15944: 15942:, p. 183. 15923: 15921:, p. 603. 15904: 15902:, p. 320. 15889: 15887:, p. 145. 15877: 15875:, p. 146. 15862: 15850: 15848:, p. 144. 15838: 15836:, p. 148. 15819: 15817:, p. 180. 15800: 15779: 15777:, p. 168. 15764: 15762:, p. 167. 15745: 15743:, p. 166. 15733: 15721: 15700: 15685: 15670: 15655: 15643: 15641:, p. 107. 15618: 15606: 15604:, p. 199. 15594: 15582: 15570: 15568:, p. 519. 15558: 15556:, p. 184. 15537: 15535:, p. 518. 15516: 15504: 15502:, p. 252. 15492: 15490:, p. 255. 15480: 15478:, p. 128. 15468: 15466:, p. 125. 15456: 15454:, p. 255. 15444: 15442:, p. 485. 15432: 15430:, p. 483. 15420: 15393: 15391:, p. 113. 15378: 15376:, p. 519. 15363: 15361:, p. 517. 15346: 15344:, p. 516. 15334: 15332:, p. 513. 15319: 15304: 15302:, p. 149. 15285: 15283:, p. 279. 15273: 15271:, p. 281. 15261: 15259:, p. 225. 15242: 15240:, p. 170. 15227: 15215: 15213:, p. 414. 15200: 15198:, p. 413. 15188: 15176: 15172:Peterson 2009a 15159: 15157:, p. 241. 15144: 15129: 15127:, p. 141. 15117: 15115:, p. 167. 15105: 15103:, p. 167. 15093: 15089:Krebernik 2011 15078: 15076:, p. 315. 15066: 15064:, p. 326. 15062:Krebernik 2005 15049: 15047:, p. 325. 15045:Krebernik 2005 15037: 15025: 15010: 15008:, p. 618. 14998: 14996:, p. 236. 14981: 14979:, p. 234. 14969: 14967:, p. 615. 14954: 14952:, p. 291. 14942: 14940:, p. 145. 14903: 14891: 14889:, p. 147. 14874: 14872:, p. 103. 14855: 14838: 14821: 14800: 14788: 14786:, p. 147. 14773: 14758: 14756:, p. 225. 14746: 14744:, p. 227. 14731: 14729:, p. 232. 14716: 14714:, p. 222. 14704: 14689: 14677: 14665: 14663:, p. 129. 14653: 14641: 14629: 14617: 14615:, p. 223. 14602: 14600:, p. 616. 14587: 14585:, p. 168. 14570: 14568:, p. 126. 14553: 14551:, p. 115. 14538: 14526: 14524:, p. 375. 14509: 14507:, p. 375. 14497: 14485: 14473: 14461: 14459:, p. 139. 14444: 14442:, p. 110. 14432: 14415: 14403: 14401:, p. 132. 14380: 14368: 14366:, p. 377. 14356: 14354:, p. 337. 14337: 14335:, p. 506. 14325: 14323:, p. 434. 14308: 14306:, p. 144. 14293: 14291:, p. 221. 14274: 14272:, p. 109. 14262: 14247: 14245:, p. 120. 14235: 14233:, p. 138. 14214: 14212:, p. 345. 14199: 14197:, p. 343. 14184: 14182:, p. 111. 14172: 14170:, p. 346. 14155: 14153:, p. 344. 14138: 14136:, p. 342. 14121: 14119:, p. 218. 14109: 14107:, p. 215. 14097: 14085: 14083:, p. 235. 14068: 14066:, p. 159. 14053: 14051:, p. 146. 14032: 14020: 14018:, p. 129. 14005: 14003:, p. 134. 13993: 13991:, p. 120. 13981: 13979:, p. 345. 13964: 13962:, p. 344. 13949: 13947:, p. 117. 13930: 13928:, p. 138. 13918: 13916:, p. 356. 13914:Krebernik 2008 13903: 13901:, p. 257. 13891: 13889:, p. 265. 13872: 13855: 13853:, p. 330. 13843: 13822: 13820:, p. 168. 13810: 13795: 13793:, p. 518. 13778: 13776:, p. 116. 13739: 13727: 13725:, p. 124. 13706: 13704:, p. 123. 13673: 13661: 13659:, p. 218. 13649: 13647:, p. 244. 13637: 13618: 13616:, p. 507. 13601: 13586: 13584:, p. 417. 13574: 13572:, p. 220. 13549: 13547:, p. 523. 13532: 13530:, p. 524. 13520: 13518:, p. 247. 13501: 13486: 13484:, p. 419. 13469: 13467:, p. 418. 13454: 13442: 13440:, p. 368. 13427: 13425:, p. 224. 13415: 13413:, p. 101. 13396: 13394:, p. 168. 13384: 13382:, p. 115. 13369: 13367:, p. 156. 13357: 13345: 13343:, p. 407. 13333: 13321: 13319:, p. 318. 13309: 13297: 13295:, p. 316. 13282: 13280:, p. 317. 13267: 13265:, p. 389. 13248: 13233: 13231:, p. 152. 13221: 13219:, p. 289. 13209: 13197: 13195:, p. 112. 13170: 13168:, p. 114. 13158: 13146: 13144:, p. 330. 13142:Henkelman 2008 13127: 13110: 13106:Krebernik 2008 13098: 13096:, p. 358. 13094:Krebernik 2008 13083: 13081:, p. 196. 13064: 13049: 13047:, p. 492. 13037: 13025: 13023:, p. 145. 13013: 12994: 12992:, p. 125. 12982: 12980:, p. 430. 12970: 12968:, p. 126. 12958: 12956:, p. 124. 12946: 12944:, p. 146. 12927: 12925:, p. 110. 12915: 12913:, p. 165. 12903: 12901:, p. 141. 12891: 12889:, p. 140. 12876: 12874:, p. 164. 12864: 12835: 12823: 12811: 12799: 12787: 12785:, p. 168. 12775: 12756: 12754:, p. 206. 12741: 12710: 12698: 12696:, p. 141. 12681: 12679:, p. 736. 12677:Armstrong 1996 12664: 12662:, p. 222. 12649: 12634: 12619: 12598: 12581: 12569: 12548: 12529: 12506: 12504:, p. 126. 12494: 12492:, p. 214. 12482: 12480:, p. 209. 12470: 12468:, p. 137. 12455: 12438: 12436:, p. 105. 12426: 12424:, p. 104. 12414: 12412:, p. 383. 12399: 12387: 12385:, p. 486. 12375: 12373:, p. 184. 12360: 12343: 12331: 12312: 12297: 12282: 12280:, p. 162. 12278:Krebernik 2003 12267: 12265:, p. 388. 12255: 12253:, p. 116. 12243: 12231: 12229:, p. 114. 12216: 12204: 12192: 12177: 12156: 12144: 12132: 12117: 12105: 12093: 12081: 12079:, p. 617. 12064: 12062:, p. 130. 12052: 12050:, p. 129. 12040: 12028: 12016: 12001: 11989: 11960: 11948: 11933: 11921: 11909: 11907:, p. 115. 11905:Krebernik 1987 11892: 11890:, p. 251. 11880: 11878:, p. 259. 11868: 11866:, p. 119. 11843: 11831: 11829:, p. 173. 11792: 11780: 11778:, p. 106. 11768: 11756: 11744: 11742:, p. 122. 11719: 11696: 11694:, p. 273. 11681: 11679:, p. 262. 11666: 11664:, p. 261. 11654: 11652:, p. 260. 11637: 11635:, p. 286. 11625: 11623:, p. 133. 11613: 11598: 11596:, p. 255. 11586: 11574: 11572:, p. 300. 11562: 11560:, p. 125. 11550: 11548:, p. 105. 11535: 11533:, p. 182. 11523: 11521:, p. 104. 11508: 11504:Wasserman 2008 11496: 11492:Wasserman 2008 11484: 11472: 11470:, p. 368. 11455: 11453:, p. 493. 11443: 11426: 11414: 11412:, p. 359. 11402: 11390: 11388:, p. 327. 11378: 11376:, p. 131. 11361: 11357:Peterson 2016a 11346: 11344:, p. 177. 11321: 11319:, p. 302. 11309: 11307:, p. 303. 11294: 11292:, p. 281. 11282: 11280:, p. 287. 11270: 11268:, p. 286. 11258: 11256:, p. 284. 11241: 11239:, p. 216. 11229: 11227:, p. 285. 11217: 11215:, p. 417. 11202: 11200:, p. 416. 11190: 11188:, p. 409. 11178: 11176:, p. 408. 11166: 11164:, p. 406. 11154: 11152:, p. 412. 11142: 11140:, p. 411. 11127: 11115: 11113:, p. 223. 11103: 11091: 11089:, p. 161. 11087:Krebernik 2003 11079: 11077:, p. 327. 11067: 11065:, p. 160. 11063:Krebernik 2003 11055: 11053:, p. 425. 11043: 11031: 11029:, p. 424. 11012: 11010:, p. 418. 10997: 10980: 10978:, p. 304. 10965: 10963:, p. 389. 10953: 10951:, p. 108. 10938: 10926: 10924:, p. 134. 10914: 10897: 10882: 10870: 10858: 10846: 10844:, p. 167. 10834: 10832:, p. 168. 10822: 10820:, p. 165. 10810: 10808:, p. 187. 10789: 10787:, p. 579. 10777: 10775:, p. 578. 10760: 10748: 10746:, p. 577. 10736: 10734:, p. 576. 10713: 10711:, p. 234. 10696: 10694:, p. 132. 10679: 10677:, p. 496. 10667: 10655: 10643: 10631: 10619: 10617:, p. 498. 10607: 10595: 10583: 10562: 10560:, p. 497. 10545: 10543:, p. 141. 10528: 10526:, p. 491. 10516: 10501: 10499:, p. 147. 10489: 10487:, p. 112. 10474: 10462: 10445: 10433: 10421: 10419:, p. 288. 10409: 10407:, p. 137. 10394: 10373: 10371:, p. 169. 10361: 10359:, p. 165. 10349: 10337: 10325: 10313: 10301: 10289: 10274: 10272:, p. 267. 10262: 10250: 10238: 10236:, p. 124. 10226: 10224:, p. 147. 10214: 10212:, p. 134. 10193: 10178: 10166: 10151: 10130: 10109: 10107:, p. 147. 10097: 10095:, p. 139. 10085: 10083:, p. 133. 10068: 10056: 10054:, p. 134. 10044: 10042:, p. 130. 10032: 10030:, p. 138. 10020: 10018:, p. 137. 10008: 10006:, p. 132. 9993: 9991:, p. 145. 9981: 9979:, p. 121. 9969: 9967:, p. 135. 9954: 9952:, p. 143. 9937: 9935:, p. 140. 9920: 9918:, p. 111. 9875: 9873:, p. 131. 9860: 9858:, p. 110. 9835: 9810: 9808:, p. 164. 9791: 9776: 9764: 9749: 9747:, p. 205. 9734: 9732:, p. 190. 9722: 9720:, p. 189. 9710: 9691: 9672: 9670:, p. 100. 9657: 9645: 9630: 9628:, p. 242. 9618: 9597: 9595:, p. 252. 9580: 9578:, p. 101. 9561: 9549: 9534: 9532:, p. 184. 9517: 9484: 9469: 9454: 9431: 9419: 9407: 9395: 9393:, p. 116. 9378: 9366: 9345: 9333: 9331:, p. 136. 9314: 9302: 9290: 9278: 9266: 9264:, p. 143. 9241: 9229: 9217: 9205: 9193: 9191:, p. 142. 9168: 9166:, p. 146. 9156: 9144: 9132: 9115: 9113:, p. 138. 9103: 9091: 9079: 9046: 9044:, p. 137. 9034: 9013: 9011:, p. 140. 8982: 8970: 8958: 8943: 8928: 8913: 8911:, p. 101. 8898: 8886: 8884:, p. 101. 8874: 8862: 8850: 8848:, p. 109. 8835: 8820: 8818:, p. 108. 8799: 8784: 8782:, p. 184. 8755: 8753:, p. 182. 8732: 8730:, p. 279. 8720: 8705: 8690: 8675: 8663: 8640: 8638:, p. 133. 8605: 8603:, p. 246. 8593: 8581: 8569: 8544: 8532: 8520: 8501: 8489: 8487:, p. 128. 8468: 8449: 8410: 8395: 8378: 8374:Schneider 2011 8357: 8355:, p. 121. 8345: 8343:, p. 119. 8333: 8321: 8306: 8294: 8273: 8271:, p. 108. 8258: 8241: 8239:, p. 184. 8229: 8227:, p. 118. 8217: 8213:Schneider 2011 8205: 8182: 8167: 8165:, p. 403. 8155: 8153:, p. 140. 8143: 8141:, p. 101. 8131: 8114: 8099: 8070: 8049: 8047:, p. 512. 8045:Henkelman 2011 8032: 8030:, p. 135. 8003: 7991: 7989:, p. 203. 7968: 7943: 7931: 7919: 7917:, p. 123. 7907: 7905:, p. 119. 7895: 7893:, p. 424. 7891:McEvilley 2002 7883: 7881:, p. 275. 7871: 7869:, p. 199. 7854: 7852:, p. 142. 7839: 7827: 7825:, p. 262. 7812: 7797: 7785: 7773: 7761: 7749: 7747:, p. 106. 7732: 7720: 7718:, p. 115. 7708: 7706:, p. 229. 7696: 7675: 7673:, p. 193. 7658: 7635: 7612: 7600: 7585: 7581:Schneider 2011 7573: 7571:, p. 147. 7538: 7534:Schneider 2011 7526: 7522:Schneider 2011 7505: 7501:Schneider 2011 7488: 7473: 7458: 7456:, p. 174. 7446: 7434: 7419: 7417:, p. 186. 7404: 7385: 7383:, p. 102. 7373: 7371:, p. 185. 7358: 7339: 7337:, p. 130. 7322: 7307: 7295: 7278: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7259: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7231: 7228: 7225: 7224: 7219:. Much of the 7193:Nebuchadnezzar 7189:Neo-Babylonian 7177: 7167: 7158: 7134: 7133: 7126: 7125:Hurrian areas 7123: 7121: 7111: 7110: 7091: 7086: 7084: 7078: 7077: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7062: 7061: 7058: 7053: 7051: 7045: 7044: 7033: 7027: 7018: 7012: 7011: 6996: 6986: 6977: 6971: 6970: 6963: 6962:Ebla, Tuttul 6960: 6958: 6952: 6951: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6921: 6920: 6913: 6912:Hurrian areas 6910: 6901: 6895: 6894: 6883: 6880: 6871: 6865: 6864: 6857: 6851: 6842: 6836: 6835: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6813: 6812: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6787: 6786: 6772: 6766: 6764: 6758: 6757: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6739: 6738: 6730: 6724: 6715: 6709: 6708: 6697:Failaka Island 6689: 6684: 6682: 6672: 6671: 6656: 6650: 6641: 6635: 6634: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6614: 6613: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6591: 6590: 6575: 6570: 6568: 6562: 6561: 6554: 6551: 6542: 6536: 6535: 6524: 6523:Hurrian areas 6521: 6512: 6506: 6505: 6501: 6492: 6490: 6484: 6483: 6467: 6462: 6453: 6447: 6446: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6420: 6419: 6415: 6406: 6404: 6398: 6397: 6386: 6383: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6344: 6339: 6330: 6324: 6323: 6304: 6298: 6296: 6290: 6289: 6269: 6266: 6257: 6251: 6250: 6219: 6214: 6205: 6199: 6198: 6186: 6183: 6174: 6168: 6167: 6156:or Alla-Gula, 6145: 6144:in particular 6135: 6126: 6116: 6115: 6096: 6091: 6082: 6076: 6075: 6072: 6069: 6066: 6059: 6056: 6053: 6052: 6041: 6035: 6033: 6027: 6026: 6022: 6020: 6011: 6005: 6004: 6000: 5994: 5992: 5986: 5985: 5977: 5974: 5965: 5959: 5958: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5936: 5935: 5920: 5911: 5909: 5903: 5902: 5890: 5888: 5879: 5873: 5872: 5864: 5861: 5852: 5846: 5845: 5830: 5828: 5819: 5813: 5812: 5794: 5791: 5782: 5776: 5775: 5763: 5760: 5751: 5745: 5744: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5722: 5721: 5706: 5704: 5702: 5698: 5697: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5683: 5682: 5670: 5668: 5659: 5649: 5648: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5631: 5630: 5619: 5613: 5604: 5598: 5597: 5568: 5566: 5557: 5555:Bull of Heaven 5551: 5550: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5531: 5530: 5502: 5499: 5490: 5480: 5479: 5476: 5473: 5470: 5463: 5460: 5457: 5456: 5441: 5439: 5437: 5427: 5426: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5372: 5371: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5356: 5355: 5348:theos eponymos 5344: 5341: 5339: 5329: 5328: 5324: 5319: 5317: 5311: 5310: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5292: 5291: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5273: 5272: 5256: 5251: 5249: 5243: 5242: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5224: 5223: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5205: 5204: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5187: 5186: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5162: 5161: 5150: 5148: 5146: 5140: 5139: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5113: 5112:Girsu, Lagash 5110: 5101: 5095: 5094: 5090: 5088: 5086: 5080: 5079: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5053: 5052: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5027: 5026: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4996: 4995: 4975: 4966: 4964: 4958: 4957: 4954: 4949: 4940: 4930: 4929: 4922: 4917: 4915: 4909: 4908: 4901: 4896: 4894: 4890: 4889: 4878: 4877:Babylon, Uruk 4875: 4873: 4867: 4866: 4863: 4854: 4852: 4846: 4845: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4831: 4830: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4808: 4807: 4796: 4790: 4781: 4775: 4774: 4759: 4753: 4751: 4745: 4744: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4732: 4731: 4723: 4717: 4715: 4705: 4704: 4692: 4686: 4684: 4678: 4677: 4664: 4659: 4650: 4644: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4630: 4629: 4618: 4613: 4604: 4598: 4597: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4576: 4575: 4552: 4538: 4529: 4523: 4522: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4499: 4498: 4491: 4484: 4482: 4476: 4475: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4457: 4456: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4441: 4440: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4422: 4421: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4403: 4402: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4381: 4380: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4346: 4345: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4323: 4322: 4287: 4282: 4273: 4267: 4266: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4248: 4247: 4239: 4237: 4228: 4222: 4221: 4210: 4205: 4203: 4197: 4196: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4184: 4183: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4169: 4168: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4150: 4149: 4145: 4135: 4133: 4123: 4122: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4095: 4094: 4087: 4086:Girsu, Ki'eša 4084: 4082: 4076: 4075: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4060: 4059: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4043: 4042: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4025: 4024: 4012: 4009: 4007: 3997: 3996: 3981: 3976: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3963: 3962:Babylon, Kish 3960: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3937: 3936: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3902: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3884: 3883: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3830: 3829: 3818: 3815: 3806: 3800: 3799: 3780: 3767: 3765: 3759: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3744: 3743: 3728: 3722: 3720: 3714: 3713: 3686: 3680: 3678: 3672: 3671: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3648: 3647: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3613: 3608: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3581: 3580: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3561: 3560: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3499: 3498: 3467:Kakka was the 3465: 3464:Maškan-šarrum 3462: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3440: 3439: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3417: 3416: 3399: 3391: 3382: 3376: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3362: 3361: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3334: 3333: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3305: 3304: 3297: 3292: 3290: 3284: 3283: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3265: 3264: 3258: 3249: 3242: 3240: 3230: 3229: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3213: 3212: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3170: 3169: 3134: 3120: 3118: 3112: 3111: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3033: 3032: 3016: 3014: 3005: 2999: 2998: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2908: 2907: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2879: 2878: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2840: 2839: 2831: 2828: 2819: 2813: 2812: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2774: 2773: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2755: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2742: 2741: 2714: 2713:possibly Umma 2711: 2709: 2703: 2702: 2688:from the myth 2682:early dynastic 2678: 2675: 2673: 2667: 2666: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2628: 2627: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2574: 2573: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2558: 2557: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2534: 2533: 2523: 2510: 2508: 2502: 2501: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2479: 2478: 2469: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2454: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2440: 2439: 2389: 2379: 2370: 2360: 2359: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2341: 2340: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2312: 2311: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2285: 2284: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2262: 2261: 2249: 2240: 2238: 2232: 2231: 2224: 2219: 2217: 2211: 2210: 2202: 2200:Sippar-Amnanum 2193: 2191: 2185: 2184: 2159:Walter Burkert 2143: 2137: 2135: 2129: 2128: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2108: 2107: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2081: 2080: 2072: 2067: 2065: 2059: 2058: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2043: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2019: 2001: 1999: 1993: 1992: 1975: 1973: 1967: 1966: 1962: 1960: 1954: 1953: 1942: 1940: 1934: 1933: 1922: 1920: 1918:Enki and Ninki 1914: 1913: 1901: 1899: 1898:Dūri and Dāri 1895: 1894: 1874: 1872: 1862: 1861: 1842: 1840: 1830: 1829: 1816: 1814: 1808: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1746: 1723: 1721: 1716: 1714: 1708: 1707: 1679: 1677: 1671: 1662: 1656: 1655: 1618: 1613: 1605: 1596: 1590: 1589: 1572: 1570: 1560: 1558: 1552: 1551: 1522: 1520: 1511: 1509: 1503: 1502: 1486: 1484: 1479: 1470: 1464: 1463: 1459: 1454: 1448: 1439: 1433: 1432: 1377: 1375: 1370: 1368: 1362: 1361: 1315: 1313: 1307: 1298: 1288: 1287: 1255: 1253: 1247: 1238: 1232: 1231: 1222: 1221: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1202: 1200: 1186: 1177: 1156: 1155: 1146:. In the poem 1122: 1117: 1112: 1103: 1097: 1096: 1089:corrupted form 1085: 1083: 1074: 1065: 1055: 1054: 1043: 1038: 1036:Mashkan-shapir 1028: 1019: 1013: 1012: 982: 976: 958: 949: 939: 938: 914: 912: 902: 893: 883: 882: 879:divine justice 858: 853: 831: 822: 812: 811: 807: 802: 792: 783: 773: 772: 764: 759: 749: 740: 730: 729: 690: 685: 676: 667: 661: 660: 636: 634: 629: 620: 614: 613: 598: 593: 588: 579: 573: 572: 500: 494: 485: 476: 466: 465: 445: 442: 433: 424: 414: 413: 393: 390: 381: 372: 362: 361: 358: 355: 352: 349: 229: 226: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 24658: 24647: 24644: 24642: 24639: 24637: 24634: 24632: 24629: 24628: 24626: 24619: 24609: 24608: 24599: 24597: 24596: 24592: 24587: 24586: 24583: 24577: 24574: 24572: 24569: 24567: 24564: 24562: 24559: 24557: 24554: 24552: 24549: 24547: 24544: 24540: 24537: 24536: 24535: 24532: 24530: 24527: 24525: 24522: 24518: 24515: 24514: 24513: 24510: 24508: 24505: 24503: 24500: 24498: 24495: 24493: 24490: 24488: 24485: 24483: 24480: 24478: 24475: 24473: 24470: 24466: 24463: 24462: 24461: 24458: 24456: 24455:Love and Lust 24453: 24451: 24448: 24446: 24443: 24441: 24438: 24436: 24433: 24431: 24428: 24426: 24423: 24421: 24418: 24416: 24413: 24411: 24408: 24406: 24403: 24401: 24400:Fate and Time 24398: 24396: 24393: 24391: 24388: 24386: 24383: 24381: 24378: 24376: 24373: 24371: 24368: 24366: 24363: 24361: 24358: 24357: 24355: 24353: 24349: 24343: 24340: 24338: 24335: 24333: 24330: 24328: 24325: 24323: 24320: 24318: 24315: 24313: 24310: 24308: 24305: 24303: 24300: 24298: 24295: 24293: 24290: 24288: 24285: 24283: 24280: 24276: 24273: 24272: 24271: 24268: 24266: 24263: 24261: 24258: 24256: 24253: 24251: 24248: 24246: 24243: 24241: 24238: 24236: 24233: 24231: 24228: 24226: 24223: 24221: 24218: 24216: 24213: 24211: 24208: 24206: 24203: 24201: 24198: 24196: 24193: 24191: 24188: 24186: 24183: 24181: 24178: 24176: 24173: 24167: 24164: 24163: 24162: 24159: 24155: 24152: 24151: 24150: 24147: 24143: 24140: 24138: 24135: 24134: 24133: 24130: 24126: 24123: 24121: 24118: 24117: 24116: 24113: 24112: 24111: 24108: 24106: 24103: 24101: 24098: 24096: 24095:Haudenosaunee 24093: 24091: 24088: 24084: 24081: 24080: 24079: 24076: 24072: 24069: 24068: 24067: 24064: 24062: 24059: 24057: 24054: 24052: 24049: 24047: 24044: 24042: 24039: 24035: 24032: 24030: 24027: 24026: 24025: 24022: 24020: 24017: 24015: 24012: 24010: 24007: 24003: 24000: 23999: 23998: 23995: 23993: 23990: 23988: 23985: 23983: 23980: 23978: 23975: 23973: 23970: 23968: 23965: 23963: 23960: 23958: 23955: 23953: 23950: 23948: 23945: 23943: 23940: 23939: 23937: 23935: 23931: 23927: 23920: 23915: 23913: 23908: 23906: 23901: 23900: 23897: 23888: 23884: 23880: 23874: 23870: 23866: 23862: 23857: 23854: 23848: 23844: 23843: 23837: 23834: 23828: 23824: 23823: 23817: 23814: 23808: 23804: 23803: 23797: 23786: 23782: 23778: 23774: 23768: 23764: 23763: 23757: 23746: 23742: 23738: 23734: 23728: 23724: 23723: 23717: 23706: 23702: 23696: 23692: 23688: 23684: 23680: 23675: 23664: 23660: 23654: 23650: 23646: 23641: 23637: 23631: 23617: 23613: 23609: 23608:Archived copy 23605: 23600: 23596: 23590: 23576: 23572: 23568: 23567:Archived copy 23564: 23559: 23555: 23549: 23535: 23531: 23527: 23526:Archived copy 23523: 23522:"Nin-ĝišzida" 23518: 23514: 23508: 23494: 23490: 23486: 23485:Archived copy 23482: 23477: 23466: 23462: 23458: 23454: 23448: 23444: 23443: 23437: 23433: 23427: 23413: 23409: 23405: 23404:Archived copy 23401: 23396: 23385: 23381: 23377: 23373: 23369: 23365: 23361: 23357: 23353: 23349: 23344: 23340: 23334: 23330: 23325: 23314: 23310: 23306: 23301: 23290: 23286: 23282: 23278: 23274: 23270: 23266: 23262: 23258: 23254: 23249: 23239: 23235: 23230: 23225: 23221: 23217: 23212: 23202: 23196: 23192: 23191: 23186: 23182: 23172: 23168: 23162: 23158: 23154: 23150: 23145: 23141: 23137: 23133: 23131:90-6831-727-X 23127: 23123: 23118: 23114: 23108: 23094: 23091:(in French), 23090: 23086: 23085:Archived copy 23082: 23077: 23073: 23067: 23063: 23058: 23047: 23043: 23039: 23035: 23031: 23027: 23024:(in German). 23023: 23019: 23014: 23010: 23004: 22990: 22987:(in German), 22986: 22982: 22981:Archived copy 22978: 22973: 22969: 22963: 22949: 22946:(in German), 22945: 22941: 22940:Archived copy 22937: 22932: 22921: 22917: 22913: 22908: 22897: 22893: 22889: 22884: 22873: 22869: 22865: 22861: 22857: 22853: 22849: 22845: 22841: 22837: 22833: 22829: 22824: 22813: 22809: 22803: 22799: 22795: 22791: 22790: 22784: 22780: 22774: 22760: 22756: 22752: 22751:Archived copy 22748: 22743: 22733: 22729: 22725: 22721: 22717: 22713: 22709: 22705: 22701: 22697: 22692: 22681: 22677: 22673: 22669: 22663: 22659: 22655: 22650: 22639: 22635: 22631: 22627: 22625:1-883053-68-4 22621: 22617: 22613: 22608: 22597: 22593: 22589: 22585: 22579: 22575: 22574: 22568: 22564: 22558: 22544: 22541:(in German), 22540: 22536: 22535:Archived copy 22532: 22527: 22516: 22512: 22508: 22504: 22500: 22496: 22492: 22488: 22483: 22469: 22465: 22461: 22457: 22453: 22449: 22445: 22438: 22433: 22422: 22418: 22414: 22410: 22404: 22400: 22399: 22393: 22390: 22384: 22380: 22379: 22373: 22369: 22363: 22349: 22345: 22341: 22340:Archived copy 22337: 22332: 22329: 22323: 22319: 22318: 22313: 22309: 22305: 22301: 22297: 22291: 22287: 22282: 22279: 22275: 22271: 22267: 22262: 22252: 22248: 22244: 22239: 22235: 22231: 22226: 22216: 22212: 22206: 22202: 22201: 22195: 22191: 22187: 22183: 22179: 22174: 22163: 22159: 22155: 22151: 22147: 22143: 22139: 22135: 22131: 22127: 22123: 22119: 22114: 22103: 22099: 22095: 22091: 22085: 22081: 22077: 22072: 22068: 22062: 22048: 22044: 22040: 22039:Archived copy 22036: 22031: 22020: 22016: 22012: 22008: 22002: 21998: 21994: 21989: 21978: 21974: 21970: 21966: 21960: 21956: 21952: 21947: 21936: 21932: 21928: 21924: 21920: 21916: 21912: 21908: 21904: 21900: 21895: 21884: 21880: 21876: 21872: 21868: 21864: 21859: 21848: 21844: 21840: 21836: 21830: 21826: 21825: 21819: 21808: 21804: 21800: 21796: 21792: 21788: 21784: 21780: 21775: 21772: 21768: 21764: 21760: 21756: 21752: 21747: 21746:10.1.1.694.36 21742: 21738: 21734: 21729: 21719: 21715: 21709: 21705: 21704: 21698: 21694: 21688: 21684: 21679: 21676: 21670: 21666: 21665: 21659: 21648: 21644: 21640: 21636: 21631: 21627: 21623: 21619: 21613: 21609: 21604: 21590: 21586: 21584:9781575063553 21580: 21576: 21572: 21568: 21564: 21557: 21552: 21549: 21543: 21539: 21538: 21533: 21529: 21525: 21519: 21505: 21501: 21497: 21496:Archived copy 21493: 21488: 21484: 21478: 21464: 21460: 21456: 21455:Archived copy 21452: 21447: 21436: 21432: 21428: 21424: 21420: 21416: 21412: 21407: 21404: 21398: 21394: 21393: 21387: 21377: 21373: 21367: 21363: 21362: 21356: 21345: 21341: 21340: 21335: 21330: 21316: 21312: 21308: 21304: 21298: 21294: 21290: 21286: 21279: 21274: 21263: 21259: 21255: 21251: 21245: 21241: 21240: 21234: 21224:on 1 May 2018 21223: 21219: 21215: 21210: 21207: 21201: 21197: 21196: 21190: 21180: 21176: 21170: 21166: 21165: 21159: 21155: 21149: 21135: 21132:(in German), 21131: 21127: 21126:Archived copy 21123: 21118: 21115: 21109: 21105: 21104: 21098: 21094: 21090: 21086: 21080: 21076: 21071: 21059: 21055: 21051: 21047: 21041: 21037: 21036: 21030: 21026: 21020: 21006: 21002: 20998: 20997:Archived copy 20994: 20989: 20985: 20979: 20965: 20961: 20957: 20956:Archived copy 20953: 20948: 20944: 20938: 20924: 20920: 20916: 20915:Archived copy 20912: 20907: 20896: 20892: 20888: 20884: 20880: 20876: 20872: 20868: 20864: 20860: 20856: 20852: 20847: 20843: 20837: 20823: 20819: 20815: 20814:Archived copy 20811: 20806: 20802: 20796: 20782: 20778: 20774: 20773:Archived copy 20770: 20765: 20761: 20755: 20741: 20737: 20733: 20732:Archived copy 20729: 20724: 20713: 20709: 20705: 20701: 20695: 20691: 20687: 20682: 20678: 20672: 20658: 20655:(in German), 20654: 20650: 20649:Archived copy 20646: 20641: 20637: 20631: 20617: 20614:(in German), 20613: 20609: 20608:Archived copy 20605: 20600: 20596: 20590: 20576: 20573:(in German), 20572: 20568: 20567:Archived copy 20564: 20559: 20545: 20541: 20537: 20533: 20531:3-447-04659-7 20527: 20523: 20516: 20511: 20507: 20501: 20487: 20484:(in German), 20483: 20479: 20478:Archived copy 20475: 20470: 20466: 20460: 20446: 20443:(in German), 20442: 20438: 20437:Archived copy 20434: 20429: 20425: 20419: 20405: 20402:(in German), 20401: 20397: 20396:Archived copy 20393: 20388: 20384: 20378: 20364: 20361:(in German), 20360: 20356: 20355:Archived copy 20352: 20347: 20344: 20340: 20336: 20332: 20328: 20324: 20320: 20316: 20311: 20301: 20297: 20291: 20287: 20286: 20280: 20270: 20266: 20260: 20256: 20255: 20250: 20246: 20242: 20236: 20232: 20227: 20223: 20218: 20207: 20203: 20199: 20195: 20191: 20187: 20183: 20179: 20175: 20171: 20166: 20153: 20149: 20145: 20141: 20137: 20132: 20127: 20123: 20119: 20112: 20107: 20104: 20098: 20094: 20093: 20087: 20083: 20079: 20074: 20071: 20065: 20061: 20060: 20054: 20044: 20040: 20034: 20030: 20029: 20024: 20020: 20016: 20012: 20008: 20002: 19998: 19993: 19982: 19978: 19976:9781575066394 19972: 19968: 19964: 19960: 19956: 19951: 19940: 19936: 19932: 19927: 19916: 19912: 19908: 19903: 19900: 19894: 19890: 19889: 19883: 19880: 19874: 19870: 19869: 19863: 19852: 19848: 19844: 19840: 19836: 19832: 19827: 19823: 19817: 19813: 19808: 19804: 19798: 19784: 19780: 19776: 19775:Archived copy 19772: 19767: 19764: 19760: 19756: 19752: 19748: 19744: 19740: 19736: 19731: 19728: 19724: 19720: 19716: 19712: 19707: 19697: 19693: 19687: 19683: 19682: 19676: 19665: 19661: 19657: 19653: 19651:0-19-814922-0 19647: 19643: 19642: 19636: 19633: 19627: 19623: 19619: 19614: 19610: 19606: 19602: 19600:0-931464-80-3 19596: 19592: 19587: 19576: 19572: 19566: 19562: 19561: 19555: 19551: 19547: 19543: 19537: 19533: 19528: 19525: 19519: 19515: 19514: 19508: 19504: 19500: 19496: 19494:1-883053-23-4 19490: 19486: 19481: 19478: 19472: 19468: 19467: 19461: 19457: 19453: 19449: 19447:90-04-13158-2 19443: 19439: 19438: 19432: 19428: 19422: 19408: 19404: 19400: 19399:Archived copy 19396: 19391: 19387: 19382: 19378: 19374: 19367: 19362: 19358: 19352: 19338: 19334: 19330: 19329:Archived copy 19326: 19321: 19317: 19311: 19297: 19293: 19289: 19288:Archived copy 19285: 19280: 19276: 19270: 19266: 19261: 19257: 19253: 19249: 19243: 19239: 19234: 19231: 19225: 19221: 19220: 19214: 19210: 19206: 19202: 19198: 19194: 19190: 19183: 19178: 19174: 19170: 19166: 19160: 19156: 19151: 19148: 19142: 19138: 19137: 19131: 19121: 19117: 19111: 19107: 19106: 19101: 19097: 19093: 19089: 19085: 19081: 19077: 19073: 19068: 19058: 19054: 19048: 19044: 19043: 19038: 19034: 19031: 19025: 19021: 19020: 19014: 19010: 19006: 19002: 19000:1-883053-00-5 18996: 18992: 18987: 18983: 18977: 18973: 18968: 18965: 18959: 18955: 18954: 18948: 18945: 18939: 18935: 18934: 18928: 18924: 18918: 18904: 18901:(in German), 18900: 18896: 18895:Archived copy 18892: 18891:"Nin-gublaga" 18887: 18883: 18877: 18863: 18860:(in German), 18859: 18855: 18854:Archived copy 18851: 18846: 18842: 18836: 18822: 18819:(in German), 18818: 18814: 18813:Archived copy 18810: 18805: 18802: 18796: 18792: 18791: 18786: 18782: 18779: 18775: 18772:(2): 95–145, 18771: 18767: 18762: 18758: 18752: 18738: 18734: 18730: 18729:Archived copy 18726: 18721: 18710: 18706: 18702: 18697: 18693: 18687: 18683: 18678: 18675: 18669: 18665: 18661: 18656: 18653: 18647: 18643: 18638: 18628: 18622: 18618: 18617: 18611: 18608: 18602: 18598: 18594: 18589: 18585: 18579: 18565: 18561: 18557: 18556:Archived copy 18553: 18548: 18544: 18540: 18535: 18534:2027.42/77419 18530: 18526: 18522: 18518: 18514: 18509: 18498: 18494: 18490: 18486: 18482: 18478: 18474: 18470: 18466: 18462: 18458: 18454: 18449: 18438: 18434: 18430: 18425: 18421: 18417: 18413: 18407: 18403: 18398: 18387: 18383: 18379: 18375: 18370: 18367: 18363: 18359: 18353: 18349: 18345: 18340: 18336: 18330: 18316: 18312: 18308: 18307:Archived copy 18304: 18299: 18295: 18293:9781139136952 18289: 18285: 18281: 18277: 18272: 18269: 18263: 18259: 18258: 18252: 18238: 18234: 18228: 18221: 18220: 18214: 18211: 18205: 18201: 18196: 18185: 18181: 18177: 18173: 18169: 18165: 18161: 18157: 18152: 18148: 18142: 18138: 18134: 18130: 18125: 18114: 18110: 18106: 18102: 18096: 18092: 18088: 18083: 18072: 18068: 18064: 18060: 18056: 18052: 18048: 18044: 18040: 18036: 18032: 18028: 18023: 18012: 18008: 18004: 18000: 17996: 17992: 17988: 17984: 17979: 17968: 17964: 17960: 17956: 17952: 17948: 17944: 17940: 17935: 17932: 17926: 17922: 17921: 17915: 17904: 17900: 17896: 17892: 17886: 17882: 17878: 17873: 17869: 17865: 17861: 17857: 17853: 17849: 17844: 17834: 17830: 17824: 17820: 17819: 17813: 17810: 17804: 17800: 17799: 17793: 17792: 17780: 17775: 17768: 17763: 17756: 17751: 17744: 17739: 17732: 17727: 17720: 17715: 17713: 17706:, p. 15. 17705: 17700: 17698: 17690: 17685: 17683: 17675: 17670: 17668: 17660: 17655: 17649:, p. 64. 17648: 17643: 17637:, p. 55. 17636: 17631: 17625:, p. 37. 17624: 17619: 17612: 17607: 17600: 17595: 17593: 17585: 17580: 17578: 17576: 17569:, p. 43. 17568: 17563: 17556: 17551: 17544: 17539: 17532: 17527: 17521:, p. 90. 17520: 17515: 17508: 17507:Sharlach 2002 17503: 17496: 17491: 17484: 17479: 17472: 17467: 17460: 17455: 17448: 17443: 17436: 17435:Schwemer 2001 17431: 17424: 17419: 17413:, p. 25. 17412: 17407: 17400: 17395: 17389:, p. 93. 17388: 17383: 17377:, p. 52. 17376: 17371: 17364: 17363:Lambert 1987a 17359: 17357: 17355: 17347: 17342: 17336:, p. 12. 17335: 17330: 17323: 17318: 17316: 17309:, p. 52. 17308: 17303: 17301: 17299: 17297: 17289: 17284: 17282: 17280: 17273:, p. 17. 17272: 17267: 17260: 17255: 17249:, p. 14. 17248: 17243: 17237:, p. 16. 17236: 17231: 17225:, p. 63. 17224: 17219: 17213:, p. 94. 17212: 17207: 17205: 17203: 17196:, p. 66. 17195: 17190: 17188: 17186: 17184: 17182: 17180: 17178: 17176: 17168: 17163: 17157:, p. 60. 17156: 17151: 17144: 17139: 17132: 17131:Brinkman 1980 17127: 17120: 17119:Sharlach 2002 17115: 17113: 17105: 17104:Sharlach 2002 17100: 17098: 17090: 17085: 17078: 17073: 17066: 17061: 17054: 17049: 17042: 17037: 17030: 17025: 17018: 17013: 17007:, p. 57. 17006: 17001: 16994: 16989: 16987: 16979: 16974: 16972: 16970: 16962: 16957: 16950: 16949:Sharlach 2002 16945: 16943: 16935: 16930: 16924:, p. 98. 16923: 16918: 16911: 16906: 16899: 16894: 16892: 16884: 16879: 16877: 16869: 16864: 16858:, p. 95. 16857: 16856:Sharlach 2002 16852: 16845: 16840: 16834:, p. 42. 16833: 16828: 16826: 16819:, p. 41. 16818: 16813: 16811: 16803: 16798: 16791: 16786: 16779: 16778:Sharlach 2002 16774: 16772: 16764: 16763:Sharlach 2002 16759: 16757: 16755: 16753: 16745: 16744:Sharlach 2002 16740: 16733: 16728: 16721: 16716: 16709: 16708:Sharlach 2002 16704: 16697: 16692: 16685: 16680: 16673: 16672:Drijvers 1980 16668: 16661: 16656: 16649: 16644: 16637: 16632: 16625: 16620: 16613: 16608: 16601: 16596: 16589: 16584: 16577: 16572: 16565: 16560: 16558: 16550: 16545: 16539:, p. 87. 16538: 16533: 16527:, p. 21. 16526: 16521: 16514: 16509: 16502: 16497: 16495: 16487: 16482: 16475: 16474:Beaulieu 2014 16470: 16463: 16462:Erickson 2011 16458: 16452:, p. 46. 16451: 16446: 16439: 16434: 16427: 16422: 16415: 16410: 16403: 16399: 16396: 16395: 16389: 16382: 16377: 16370: 16369:Sharlach 2002 16365: 16363: 16355: 16354:Sharlach 2007 16350: 16344:, p. 99. 16343: 16342:Sharlach 2002 16338: 16336: 16334: 16332: 16330: 16322: 16317: 16310: 16305: 16303: 16295: 16290: 16288: 16280: 16275: 16273: 16265: 16260: 16258: 16250: 16245: 16243: 16235: 16230: 16228: 16220: 16215: 16213: 16205: 16200: 16193: 16188: 16186: 16184: 16182: 16174: 16169: 16162: 16157: 16150: 16145: 16143: 16135: 16130: 16128: 16126: 16124: 16122: 16120: 16112: 16107: 16100: 16095: 16088: 16083: 16081: 16079: 16077: 16075: 16067: 16062: 16055: 16050: 16048: 16040: 16035: 16028: 16023: 16021: 16019: 16017: 16015: 16007: 16002: 15995: 15990: 15983: 15978: 15971: 15966: 15964: 15956: 15951: 15949: 15941: 15936: 15934: 15932: 15930: 15928: 15920: 15915: 15913: 15911: 15909: 15901: 15900:Beaulieu 2003 15896: 15894: 15886: 15881: 15874: 15869: 15867: 15859: 15854: 15847: 15842: 15835: 15830: 15828: 15826: 15824: 15816: 15811: 15809: 15807: 15805: 15798:, p. 49. 15797: 15792: 15790: 15788: 15786: 15784: 15776: 15771: 15769: 15761: 15756: 15754: 15752: 15750: 15742: 15737: 15730: 15725: 15719:, p. 74. 15718: 15713: 15711: 15709: 15707: 15705: 15697: 15692: 15690: 15682: 15677: 15675: 15667: 15662: 15660: 15652: 15647: 15640: 15635: 15633: 15631: 15629: 15627: 15625: 15623: 15615: 15614:Schwemer 2008 15610: 15603: 15598: 15591: 15586: 15579: 15578:Schwemer 2008 15574: 15567: 15562: 15555: 15554:Jacobsen 1987 15550: 15548: 15546: 15544: 15542: 15534: 15529: 15527: 15525: 15523: 15521: 15513: 15512:Schwemer 2001 15508: 15501: 15500:Beaulieu 2003 15496: 15489: 15488:Beaulieu 2003 15484: 15477: 15472: 15465: 15460: 15453: 15448: 15441: 15436: 15429: 15424: 15417: 15412: 15410: 15408: 15406: 15404: 15402: 15400: 15398: 15390: 15385: 15383: 15375: 15370: 15368: 15360: 15355: 15353: 15351: 15343: 15338: 15331: 15326: 15324: 15316: 15315:Ackerman 2005 15311: 15309: 15301: 15296: 15294: 15292: 15290: 15282: 15277: 15270: 15265: 15258: 15253: 15251: 15249: 15247: 15239: 15234: 15232: 15224: 15223:Schwemer 2001 15219: 15212: 15211:Schwemer 2001 15207: 15205: 15197: 15196:Schwemer 2001 15192: 15186:, p. 54. 15185: 15184:Peterson 2009 15180: 15174:, p. 54. 15173: 15168: 15166: 15164: 15156: 15151: 15149: 15142:, p. 38. 15141: 15136: 15134: 15126: 15121: 15114: 15109: 15102: 15097: 15091:, p. 71. 15090: 15085: 15083: 15075: 15070: 15063: 15058: 15056: 15054: 15046: 15041: 15035:, p. 85. 15034: 15029: 15023:, p. 57. 15022: 15017: 15015: 15007: 15002: 14995: 14994:Peterson 2009 14990: 14988: 14986: 14978: 14977:Peterson 2009 14973: 14966: 14961: 14959: 14951: 14950:Peterson 2014 14946: 14939: 14934: 14932: 14930: 14928: 14926: 14924: 14922: 14920: 14918: 14916: 14914: 14912: 14910: 14908: 14900: 14895: 14888: 14883: 14881: 14879: 14871: 14866: 14864: 14862: 14860: 14853:, p. 27. 14852: 14847: 14845: 14843: 14836:, p. 86. 14835: 14830: 14828: 14826: 14818: 14817:Stephens 2016 14813: 14811: 14809: 14807: 14805: 14798:, p. 24. 14797: 14792: 14785: 14780: 14778: 14771:, p. 90. 14770: 14765: 14763: 14755: 14750: 14743: 14738: 14736: 14728: 14723: 14721: 14713: 14708: 14702:, p. 55. 14701: 14696: 14694: 14687:, p. 90. 14686: 14681: 14675:, p. 52. 14674: 14669: 14662: 14657: 14651:, p. 84. 14650: 14645: 14639:, p. 72. 14638: 14633: 14627:, p. 36. 14626: 14621: 14614: 14609: 14607: 14599: 14594: 14592: 14584: 14579: 14577: 14575: 14567: 14562: 14560: 14558: 14550: 14545: 14543: 14536:, p. 41. 14535: 14534:Marchesi 2006 14530: 14523: 14518: 14516: 14514: 14506: 14501: 14495:, p. 86. 14494: 14489: 14483:, p. 28. 14482: 14477: 14470: 14465: 14458: 14453: 14451: 14449: 14441: 14436: 14430:, p. 54. 14429: 14424: 14422: 14420: 14413:, p. 30. 14412: 14407: 14400: 14395: 14393: 14391: 14389: 14387: 14385: 14378:, p. 96. 14377: 14372: 14365: 14360: 14353: 14348: 14346: 14344: 14342: 14334: 14329: 14322: 14317: 14315: 14313: 14305: 14300: 14298: 14290: 14285: 14283: 14281: 14279: 14271: 14266: 14260:, p. 49. 14259: 14254: 14252: 14244: 14239: 14232: 14227: 14225: 14223: 14221: 14219: 14211: 14206: 14204: 14196: 14191: 14189: 14181: 14176: 14169: 14164: 14162: 14160: 14152: 14147: 14145: 14143: 14135: 14130: 14128: 14126: 14118: 14113: 14106: 14101: 14095:, p. 93. 14094: 14089: 14082: 14077: 14075: 14073: 14065: 14060: 14058: 14050: 14049:Schwemer 2007 14045: 14043: 14041: 14039: 14037: 14029: 14024: 14017: 14012: 14010: 14002: 13997: 13990: 13985: 13978: 13973: 13971: 13969: 13961: 13956: 13954: 13946: 13941: 13939: 13937: 13935: 13927: 13922: 13915: 13910: 13908: 13900: 13895: 13888: 13883: 13881: 13879: 13877: 13870:, p. 87. 13869: 13864: 13862: 13860: 13852: 13847: 13841:, p. 58. 13840: 13839:Marchesi 2006 13835: 13833: 13831: 13829: 13827: 13819: 13814: 13808:, p. 59. 13807: 13806:Marchesi 2006 13802: 13800: 13792: 13787: 13785: 13783: 13775: 13770: 13768: 13766: 13764: 13762: 13760: 13758: 13756: 13754: 13752: 13750: 13748: 13746: 13744: 13736: 13731: 13724: 13719: 13717: 13715: 13713: 13711: 13703: 13698: 13696: 13694: 13692: 13690: 13688: 13686: 13684: 13682: 13680: 13678: 13670: 13665: 13658: 13653: 13646: 13641: 13635:, p. 18. 13634: 13629: 13627: 13625: 13623: 13615: 13614:Lambert 1983b 13610: 13608: 13606: 13598: 13597:Lambert 1983b 13593: 13591: 13583: 13578: 13571: 13566: 13564: 13562: 13560: 13558: 13556: 13554: 13546: 13541: 13539: 13537: 13529: 13524: 13517: 13512: 13510: 13508: 13506: 13499:, p. 27. 13498: 13493: 13491: 13483: 13478: 13476: 13474: 13466: 13461: 13459: 13451: 13446: 13439: 13434: 13432: 13424: 13419: 13412: 13407: 13405: 13403: 13401: 13393: 13388: 13381: 13376: 13374: 13366: 13361: 13354: 13349: 13342: 13337: 13330: 13325: 13318: 13317:Beaulieu 2003 13313: 13306: 13305:Beaulieu 2003 13301: 13294: 13293:Beaulieu 2003 13289: 13287: 13279: 13278:Beaulieu 2003 13274: 13272: 13264: 13259: 13257: 13255: 13253: 13246:, p. 25. 13245: 13240: 13238: 13230: 13225: 13218: 13213: 13207:, p. 34. 13206: 13201: 13194: 13189: 13187: 13185: 13183: 13181: 13179: 13177: 13175: 13167: 13162: 13155: 13154:Lambert 1980a 13150: 13143: 13138: 13136: 13134: 13132: 13125:, p. 45. 13124: 13119: 13117: 13115: 13107: 13102: 13095: 13090: 13088: 13080: 13079:Lambert 1980a 13075: 13073: 13071: 13069: 13062:, p. 65. 13061: 13056: 13054: 13046: 13041: 13035:, p. 77. 13034: 13029: 13022: 13017: 13011:, p. 39. 13010: 13005: 13003: 13001: 12999: 12991: 12986: 12979: 12974: 12967: 12962: 12955: 12950: 12943: 12938: 12936: 12934: 12932: 12924: 12919: 12912: 12907: 12900: 12895: 12888: 12883: 12881: 12873: 12868: 12861: 12856: 12854: 12852: 12850: 12848: 12846: 12844: 12842: 12840: 12833:, p. 86. 12832: 12827: 12820: 12815: 12809:, p. 53. 12808: 12803: 12797:, p. 90. 12796: 12791: 12784: 12779: 12773:, p. 46. 12772: 12767: 12765: 12763: 12761: 12753: 12748: 12746: 12739:, p. 88. 12738: 12733: 12731: 12729: 12727: 12725: 12723: 12721: 12719: 12717: 12715: 12707: 12702: 12695: 12690: 12688: 12686: 12678: 12673: 12671: 12669: 12661: 12656: 12654: 12646: 12641: 12639: 12631: 12626: 12624: 12617:, p. 69. 12616: 12611: 12609: 12607: 12605: 12603: 12596:, p. 41. 12595: 12590: 12588: 12586: 12578: 12573: 12567:, p. 89. 12566: 12561: 12559: 12557: 12555: 12553: 12546:, p. 88. 12545: 12540: 12538: 12536: 12534: 12526: 12521: 12519: 12517: 12515: 12513: 12511: 12503: 12498: 12491: 12486: 12479: 12474: 12467: 12462: 12460: 12453:, p. 60. 12452: 12451:Marchesi 2006 12447: 12445: 12443: 12435: 12430: 12423: 12418: 12411: 12406: 12404: 12397:, p. 86. 12396: 12391: 12384: 12379: 12372: 12367: 12365: 12358:, p. 50. 12357: 12352: 12350: 12348: 12341:, p. 77. 12340: 12335: 12329:, p. 51. 12328: 12323: 12321: 12319: 12317: 12310:, p. 50. 12309: 12304: 12302: 12294: 12289: 12287: 12279: 12274: 12272: 12264: 12259: 12252: 12247: 12240: 12235: 12228: 12223: 12221: 12213: 12208: 12201: 12196: 12189: 12184: 12182: 12175:, p. 57. 12174: 12169: 12167: 12165: 12163: 12161: 12154:, p. 59. 12153: 12148: 12141: 12136: 12130:, p. 54. 12129: 12124: 12122: 12114: 12109: 12103:, p. 87. 12102: 12097: 12090: 12085: 12078: 12073: 12071: 12069: 12061: 12056: 12049: 12044: 12037: 12032: 12025: 12020: 12014:, p. 40. 12013: 12008: 12006: 11998: 11993: 11987:, p. 89. 11986: 11981: 11979: 11977: 11975: 11973: 11971: 11969: 11967: 11965: 11957: 11952: 11946:, p. 37. 11945: 11940: 11938: 11931:, p. 78. 11930: 11925: 11919:, p. 80. 11918: 11913: 11906: 11901: 11899: 11897: 11889: 11884: 11877: 11872: 11865: 11860: 11858: 11856: 11854: 11852: 11850: 11848: 11840: 11835: 11828: 11823: 11821: 11819: 11817: 11815: 11813: 11811: 11809: 11807: 11805: 11803: 11801: 11799: 11797: 11790:, p. 68. 11789: 11784: 11777: 11772: 11765: 11760: 11754:, p. 85. 11753: 11752:Schwemer 2001 11748: 11741: 11736: 11734: 11732: 11730: 11728: 11726: 11724: 11717:, p. 36. 11716: 11711: 11709: 11707: 11705: 11703: 11701: 11693: 11688: 11686: 11678: 11673: 11671: 11663: 11658: 11651: 11646: 11644: 11642: 11634: 11629: 11622: 11617: 11611:, p. 71. 11610: 11605: 11603: 11595: 11590: 11583: 11578: 11571: 11566: 11559: 11554: 11547: 11542: 11540: 11532: 11527: 11520: 11515: 11513: 11506:, p. 79. 11505: 11500: 11494:, p. 72. 11493: 11488: 11482:, p. 52. 11481: 11480:Jacobsen 1987 11476: 11469: 11464: 11462: 11460: 11452: 11447: 11441:, p. 65. 11440: 11439:Beaulieu 1992 11435: 11433: 11431: 11424:, p. 64. 11423: 11422:Beaulieu 1992 11418: 11411: 11406: 11399: 11394: 11387: 11382: 11375: 11370: 11368: 11366: 11359:, p. 35. 11358: 11353: 11351: 11343: 11338: 11336: 11334: 11332: 11330: 11328: 11326: 11318: 11313: 11306: 11301: 11299: 11291: 11286: 11279: 11274: 11267: 11262: 11255: 11250: 11248: 11246: 11238: 11233: 11226: 11221: 11214: 11209: 11207: 11199: 11194: 11187: 11182: 11175: 11170: 11163: 11158: 11151: 11146: 11139: 11134: 11132: 11124: 11119: 11112: 11107: 11100: 11095: 11088: 11083: 11076: 11071: 11064: 11059: 11052: 11047: 11040: 11035: 11028: 11023: 11021: 11019: 11017: 11009: 11004: 11002: 10995:, p. 27. 10994: 10989: 10987: 10985: 10977: 10972: 10970: 10962: 10957: 10950: 10949:Horowitz 1998 10945: 10943: 10935: 10934:Horowitz 1998 10930: 10923: 10922:Horowitz 1998 10918: 10911: 10910:Horowitz 1998 10906: 10904: 10902: 10894: 10889: 10887: 10879: 10874: 10867: 10866:Horowitz 1998 10862: 10855: 10850: 10843: 10838: 10831: 10826: 10819: 10814: 10807: 10802: 10800: 10798: 10796: 10794: 10786: 10781: 10774: 10769: 10767: 10765: 10757: 10752: 10745: 10740: 10733: 10728: 10726: 10724: 10722: 10720: 10718: 10710: 10705: 10703: 10701: 10693: 10688: 10686: 10684: 10676: 10671: 10664: 10659: 10652: 10647: 10640: 10635: 10628: 10623: 10616: 10611: 10605:, p. 23. 10604: 10599: 10592: 10587: 10581:, p. 94. 10580: 10575: 10573: 10571: 10569: 10567: 10559: 10554: 10552: 10550: 10542: 10537: 10535: 10533: 10525: 10520: 10514:, p. 67. 10513: 10508: 10506: 10498: 10493: 10486: 10481: 10479: 10471: 10466: 10459: 10454: 10452: 10450: 10442: 10437: 10431:, p. 47. 10430: 10425: 10418: 10413: 10406: 10401: 10399: 10392:, p. 35. 10391: 10386: 10384: 10382: 10380: 10378: 10370: 10365: 10358: 10353: 10346: 10341: 10334: 10329: 10323:, p. 40. 10322: 10317: 10310: 10305: 10298: 10293: 10287:, p. 38. 10286: 10285:Peterson 2016 10281: 10279: 10271: 10266: 10259: 10254: 10247: 10242: 10235: 10230: 10223: 10218: 10211: 10206: 10204: 10202: 10200: 10198: 10191:, p. 48. 10190: 10185: 10183: 10176:, p. 43. 10175: 10170: 10164:, p. 86. 10163: 10158: 10156: 10149:, p. 42. 10148: 10143: 10141: 10139: 10137: 10135: 10128:, p. 44. 10127: 10122: 10120: 10118: 10116: 10114: 10106: 10105:Schwemer 2007 10101: 10094: 10093:Schwemer 2007 10089: 10082: 10081:Schwemer 2007 10077: 10075: 10073: 10065: 10064:Schwemer 2007 10060: 10053: 10052:Schwemer 2007 10048: 10041: 10040:Schwemer 2007 10036: 10029: 10028:Schwemer 2007 10024: 10017: 10016:Schwemer 2007 10012: 10005: 10004:Schwemer 2007 10000: 9998: 9990: 9989:Schwemer 2007 9985: 9978: 9977:Schwemer 2007 9973: 9966: 9965:Schwemer 2007 9961: 9959: 9951: 9950:Schwemer 2007 9946: 9944: 9942: 9934: 9933:Schwemer 2007 9929: 9927: 9925: 9917: 9912: 9910: 9908: 9906: 9904: 9902: 9900: 9898: 9896: 9894: 9892: 9890: 9888: 9886: 9884: 9882: 9880: 9872: 9871:Schwemer 2007 9867: 9865: 9857: 9852: 9850: 9848: 9846: 9844: 9842: 9840: 9833:, p. 77. 9832: 9827: 9825: 9823: 9821: 9819: 9817: 9815: 9807: 9802: 9800: 9798: 9796: 9789:, p. 78. 9788: 9783: 9781: 9773: 9768: 9762:, p. 66. 9761: 9756: 9754: 9746: 9741: 9739: 9731: 9726: 9719: 9714: 9708:, p. 19. 9707: 9702: 9700: 9698: 9696: 9689:, p. 84. 9688: 9683: 9681: 9679: 9677: 9669: 9664: 9662: 9654: 9649: 9643:, p. 67. 9642: 9637: 9635: 9627: 9622: 9616:, p. 82. 9615: 9610: 9608: 9606: 9604: 9602: 9594: 9589: 9587: 9585: 9577: 9572: 9570: 9568: 9566: 9559:, p. 24. 9558: 9553: 9547:, p. 55. 9546: 9541: 9539: 9531: 9526: 9524: 9522: 9515:, p. 77. 9514: 9509: 9507: 9505: 9503: 9501: 9499: 9497: 9495: 9493: 9491: 9489: 9482:, p. 34. 9481: 9476: 9474: 9466: 9465:Jacobsen 2008 9461: 9459: 9452:, p. 73. 9451: 9446: 9444: 9442: 9440: 9438: 9436: 9428: 9427:Jacobsen 2008 9423: 9416: 9415:Jacobsen 2008 9411: 9404: 9403:Jacobsen 2008 9399: 9392: 9391:Ackerman 2006 9387: 9385: 9383: 9375: 9370: 9364:, p. 72. 9363: 9358: 9356: 9354: 9352: 9350: 9343:, p. 28. 9342: 9337: 9330: 9325: 9323: 9321: 9319: 9312:, p. 27. 9311: 9306: 9299: 9294: 9287: 9282: 9276:, p. 43. 9275: 9274:Penglase 1994 9270: 9263: 9258: 9256: 9254: 9252: 9250: 9248: 9246: 9238: 9233: 9226: 9221: 9214: 9209: 9202: 9197: 9190: 9185: 9183: 9181: 9179: 9177: 9175: 9173: 9165: 9160: 9153: 9148: 9142:, p. 59. 9141: 9136: 9130:, p. 59. 9129: 9124: 9122: 9120: 9112: 9107: 9100: 9095: 9089:, p. 42. 9088: 9083: 9077:, p. 61. 9076: 9071: 9069: 9067: 9065: 9063: 9061: 9059: 9057: 9055: 9053: 9051: 9043: 9038: 9032:, p. 58. 9031: 9026: 9024: 9022: 9020: 9018: 9010: 9005: 9003: 9001: 8999: 8997: 8995: 8993: 8991: 8989: 8987: 8979: 8974: 8967: 8962: 8955: 8950: 8948: 8940: 8935: 8933: 8925: 8920: 8918: 8910: 8905: 8903: 8895: 8890: 8883: 8878: 8871: 8866: 8859: 8854: 8847: 8842: 8840: 8833:, p. 87. 8832: 8827: 8825: 8817: 8812: 8810: 8808: 8806: 8804: 8796: 8791: 8789: 8781: 8776: 8774: 8772: 8770: 8768: 8766: 8764: 8762: 8760: 8752: 8747: 8745: 8743: 8741: 8739: 8737: 8729: 8728:Peterson 2011 8724: 8717: 8712: 8710: 8703:, p. 23. 8702: 8701:Pomponio 1998 8697: 8695: 8688:, p. 18. 8687: 8686:Pomponio 1998 8682: 8680: 8673:, p. 22. 8672: 8671:Pomponio 1998 8667: 8661:, p. 20. 8660: 8659:Pomponio 1998 8655: 8653: 8651: 8649: 8647: 8645: 8637: 8632: 8630: 8628: 8626: 8624: 8622: 8620: 8618: 8616: 8614: 8612: 8610: 8602: 8597: 8590: 8585: 8579:, p. 38. 8578: 8573: 8567:, p. 82. 8566: 8565:Lambert 1983a 8561: 8559: 8557: 8555: 8553: 8551: 8549: 8541: 8540:Lambert 1983a 8536: 8530:, p. 83. 8529: 8528:Lambert 1983a 8524: 8518:, p. 37. 8517: 8512: 8510: 8508: 8506: 8499:, p. 20. 8498: 8493: 8486: 8481: 8479: 8477: 8475: 8473: 8464: 8460: 8453: 8447:, p. 75. 8446: 8441: 8439: 8437: 8435: 8433: 8431: 8429: 8427: 8425: 8423: 8421: 8419: 8417: 8415: 8407: 8402: 8400: 8392: 8387: 8385: 8383: 8376:, p. 59. 8375: 8370: 8368: 8366: 8364: 8362: 8354: 8349: 8342: 8337: 8330: 8325: 8318: 8313: 8311: 8303: 8298: 8292:, p. 76. 8291: 8286: 8284: 8282: 8280: 8278: 8270: 8265: 8263: 8256:, p. 78. 8255: 8250: 8248: 8246: 8238: 8233: 8226: 8221: 8215:, p. 58. 8214: 8209: 8202: 8201:Stephens 2013 8197: 8195: 8193: 8191: 8189: 8187: 8179: 8174: 8172: 8164: 8159: 8152: 8147: 8140: 8135: 8129:, p. 13. 8128: 8123: 8121: 8119: 8111: 8106: 8104: 8097:, p. 30. 8096: 8091: 8089: 8087: 8085: 8083: 8081: 8079: 8077: 8075: 8068:, p. 92. 8067: 8062: 8060: 8058: 8056: 8054: 8046: 8041: 8039: 8037: 8029: 8024: 8022: 8020: 8018: 8016: 8014: 8012: 8010: 8008: 8000: 7995: 7988: 7983: 7981: 7979: 7977: 7975: 7973: 7965: 7960: 7958: 7956: 7954: 7952: 7950: 7948: 7940: 7935: 7928: 7923: 7916: 7911: 7904: 7899: 7892: 7887: 7880: 7875: 7868: 7863: 7861: 7859: 7851: 7850:Schwemer 2007 7846: 7844: 7836: 7831: 7824: 7819: 7817: 7809: 7808:Peterson 2011 7804: 7802: 7795:, p. 65. 7794: 7789: 7783:, p. 27. 7782: 7777: 7770: 7765: 7758: 7753: 7746: 7741: 7739: 7737: 7729: 7724: 7717: 7712: 7705: 7700: 7694:, p. 34. 7693: 7688: 7686: 7684: 7682: 7680: 7672: 7667: 7665: 7663: 7655: 7650: 7648: 7646: 7644: 7642: 7640: 7632: 7627: 7625: 7623: 7621: 7619: 7617: 7609: 7604: 7597: 7592: 7590: 7582: 7577: 7570: 7565: 7563: 7561: 7559: 7557: 7555: 7553: 7551: 7549: 7547: 7545: 7543: 7535: 7530: 7524:, p. 53. 7523: 7518: 7516: 7514: 7512: 7510: 7503:, p. 54. 7502: 7497: 7495: 7493: 7486:, p. 52. 7485: 7480: 7478: 7470: 7465: 7463: 7455: 7450: 7443: 7438: 7431: 7426: 7424: 7416: 7411: 7409: 7402:, p. 94. 7401: 7396: 7394: 7392: 7390: 7382: 7377: 7370: 7365: 7363: 7356:, p. 98. 7355: 7350: 7348: 7346: 7344: 7336: 7331: 7329: 7327: 7319: 7314: 7312: 7304: 7299: 7293:, p. 93. 7292: 7287: 7285: 7283: 7275: 7270: 7266: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7233: 7222: 7218: 7214: 7213:Second Isaiah 7210: 7206: 7202: 7198: 7194: 7190: 7186: 7182: 7178: 7176: 7172: 7168: 7163: 7159: 7156: 7152: 7148: 7144: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7112: 7108: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7083: 7079: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7067: 7063: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7050: 7046: 7042: 7038: 7034: 7032: 7028: 7023: 7019: 7017: 7013: 7009: 7005: 7001: 6997: 6994: 6990: 6987: 6982: 6978: 6976: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6957: 6953: 6949: 6945: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6926: 6922: 6918: 6914: 6911: 6906: 6902: 6900: 6896: 6892: 6888: 6884: 6881: 6876: 6872: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6856: 6852: 6847: 6843: 6841: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6818: 6814: 6810: 6806: 6801: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6788: 6784: 6780: 6779: 6773: 6771: 6767: 6765: 6763: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6744: 6740: 6736: 6731: 6728: 6725: 6720: 6716: 6714: 6710: 6706: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6677: 6673: 6669: 6665: 6661: 6657: 6655: 6651: 6646: 6642: 6640: 6636: 6632: 6628: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6607: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6592: 6588: 6584: 6580: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6552: 6547: 6543: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6522: 6517: 6513: 6511: 6507: 6502: 6500: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6458: 6454: 6452: 6448: 6444: 6440: 6436: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6425: 6421: 6416: 6414: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6387: 6384: 6379: 6375: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6349: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6335: 6331: 6329: 6325: 6320: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6295: 6291: 6287: 6283: 6279: 6275: 6270: 6267: 6262: 6258: 6256: 6252: 6248: 6244: 6240: 6236: 6232: 6228: 6224: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6210: 6206: 6204: 6200: 6195: 6191: 6188:According to 6187: 6184: 6179: 6175: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6161: 6160: 6155: 6151: 6146: 6143: 6139: 6136: 6131: 6127: 6124: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6087: 6083: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6070: 6067: 6064: 6063: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6040: 6036: 6034: 6032: 6028: 6023: 6021: 6016: 6012: 6010: 6006: 6001: 5999: 5995: 5993: 5991: 5987: 5982: 5978: 5975: 5970: 5966: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5954: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5919: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5896: 5891: 5889: 5884: 5880: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5869:Sennacherib's 5865: 5862: 5857: 5853: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5829: 5824: 5820: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5809: 5804: 5800: 5795: 5792: 5787: 5783: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5769: 5764: 5761: 5756: 5752: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5671: 5669: 5664: 5660: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5617: 5614: 5609: 5605: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5578: 5573: 5569: 5567: 5562: 5558: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5514: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5500: 5495: 5491: 5485: 5481: 5467: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5440: 5438: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5373: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5334: 5330: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5274: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5229: 5225: 5220: 5218: 5216: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5196: 5194: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5111: 5106: 5102: 5100: 5096: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5006:Ṣupur-Šubula 5005: 5003: 5001: 4997: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4974: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4945: 4941: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4862: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4795: 4791: 4786: 4782: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4758: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4724: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4693: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4674: 4669: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4655: 4651: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4609: 4605: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4534: 4530: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4489: 4488:Puzrish-Dagan 4485: 4483: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4458: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4278: 4274: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4249: 4244: 4240: 4238: 4233: 4229: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4185: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4151: 4146: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4134: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103:Belet Ekallim 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4077: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3969: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3816: 3811: 3807: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3727: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3685: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3664: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3639:Nēmed-Laguda 3638: 3636: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3621:earth goddess 3618: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3577: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3543: 3538: 3536:Umma, Lagash 3535: 3533: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3471: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3405: 3400: 3398: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3383: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3322: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3254: 3250: 3247: 3243: 3241: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3214: 3209: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3021: 3017: 3015: 3010: 3006: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2978: 2973: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2900: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2871: 2866: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2832: 2829: 2824: 2820: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2795: 2791: 2790: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2699: 2695: 2692: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2649: 2645: 2644: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2575: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2530: 2529: 2524: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2489:Ḫursaĝkalama 2488: 2486: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2441: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2427: 2423:composed the 2422: 2410: 2406: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2387: 2383: 2380: 2375: 2371: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2333: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2250: 2248: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2203: 2201: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2169: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2148: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2130: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2082: 2077: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2060: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2044: 2030: 2025:Minor deities 2017: 2012: 2008: 2007: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1989: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1906: 1902: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1822: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1776: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1744: 1740: 1739: 1733: 1729: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1672: 1667: 1663: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1624: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1597: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1582: 1581:Enlil and Sud 1578: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1548:Sennacherib's 1545: 1544: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1475: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1449: 1444: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1417: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1391: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1303: 1299: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1256: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1243: 1239: 1237: 1233: 1230: 1227: 1219: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1205: 1203: 1201: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1182: 1178: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1140: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1108: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1075: 1070: 1066: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1024: 1020: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 997: 991: 987: 983: 980: 977: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 954: 950: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 915: 913: 911: 907: 903: 898: 894: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 859: 857: 854: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 827: 823: 817: 813: 808: 806: 803: 801: 797: 793: 788: 784: 778: 774: 769: 765: 763: 760: 758: 754: 750: 745: 741: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 689: 686: 684: 680: 677: 672: 668: 666: 662: 658: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 635: 633: 630: 625: 621: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 584: 580: 578: 574: 570: 566: 565: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 543: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 501: 498: 495: 493: 489: 486: 481: 477: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 446: 444:Northern sky 443: 441: 437: 434: 429: 425: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 394: 391: 389: 385: 382: 377: 373: 367: 363: 346: 343: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 296: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 228:Major deities 225: 223: 219: 215: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 174: 170: 165: 163: 162: 155: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 112:Mesopotamians 108: 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 62: 56: 52: 48: 44: 36: 35:cylinder seal 31: 27: 19: 24618: 24600: 24588: 24497:Resurrection 24250:Mesopotamian 24249: 23934:By geography 23860: 23841: 23821: 23801: 23789:. Retrieved 23762:The Hurrians 23761: 23749:. Retrieved 23721: 23709:. Retrieved 23682: 23667:. Retrieved 23648: 23620:, retrieved 23611: 23607: 23579:, retrieved 23570: 23566: 23538:, retrieved 23529: 23525: 23497:, retrieved 23488: 23484: 23469:. Retrieved 23441: 23416:, retrieved 23407: 23403: 23388:. Retrieved 23355: 23351: 23328: 23317:, retrieved 23308: 23293:. Retrieved 23260: 23256: 23241:. Retrieved 23219: 23204:. Retrieved 23189: 23175:, retrieved 23156: 23152: 23121: 23097:, retrieved 23088: 23084: 23061: 23050:. Retrieved 23025: 23021: 22993:, retrieved 22984: 22980: 22952:, retrieved 22943: 22939: 22924:, retrieved 22915: 22900:, retrieved 22891: 22876:. Retrieved 22835: 22831: 22816:. Retrieved 22788: 22763:, retrieved 22754: 22750: 22736:, retrieved 22703: 22699: 22684:. Retrieved 22657: 22642:. Retrieved 22615: 22600:. Retrieved 22572: 22547:, retrieved 22538: 22534: 22519:. Retrieved 22494: 22490: 22475:. Retrieved 22447: 22443: 22425:. Retrieved 22397: 22377: 22352:, retrieved 22343: 22339: 22316: 22285: 22269: 22265: 22255:, retrieved 22246: 22233: 22229: 22219:, retrieved 22199: 22181: 22177: 22166:. Retrieved 22125: 22121: 22106:. Retrieved 22079: 22051:, retrieved 22042: 22038: 22023:. Retrieved 21996: 21981:. Retrieved 21954: 21939:. Retrieved 21906: 21902: 21887:. Retrieved 21870: 21866: 21851:. Retrieved 21823: 21811:. Retrieved 21786: 21782: 21736: 21732: 21722:, retrieved 21702: 21682: 21663: 21651:. Retrieved 21642: 21638: 21607: 21596:. Retrieved 21566: 21562: 21536: 21508:, retrieved 21499: 21495: 21467:, retrieved 21458: 21454: 21439:. Retrieved 21414: 21391: 21380:, retrieved 21360: 21348:, retrieved 21337: 21322:. Retrieved 21284: 21266:. Retrieved 21238: 21226:, retrieved 21222:the original 21217: 21194: 21183:, retrieved 21163: 21138:, retrieved 21129: 21125: 21102: 21074: 21062:. Retrieved 21034: 21009:, retrieved 21000: 20996: 20968:, retrieved 20959: 20955: 20927:, retrieved 20918: 20914: 20899:. Retrieved 20858: 20854: 20826:, retrieved 20817: 20813: 20785:, retrieved 20776: 20772: 20769:"Išme-karāb" 20744:, retrieved 20735: 20731: 20716:. Retrieved 20689: 20661:, retrieved 20652: 20648: 20620:, retrieved 20611: 20607: 20579:, retrieved 20570: 20566: 20551:. Retrieved 20521: 20490:, retrieved 20481: 20477: 20449:, retrieved 20440: 20436: 20408:, retrieved 20399: 20395: 20367:, retrieved 20358: 20354: 20351:"Lugal-asal" 20318: 20314: 20304:, retrieved 20284: 20273:, retrieved 20253: 20230: 20221: 20210:. Retrieved 20177: 20173: 20159:, retrieved 20121: 20117: 20091: 20081: 20058: 20047:, retrieved 20027: 19996: 19985:. Retrieved 19958: 19943:, retrieved 19934: 19919:, retrieved 19910: 19887: 19867: 19855:. Retrieved 19838: 19834: 19811: 19787:, retrieved 19778: 19774: 19738: 19734: 19710: 19700:, retrieved 19680: 19668:. Retrieved 19640: 19621: 19590: 19579:. Retrieved 19559: 19531: 19512: 19484: 19465: 19436: 19411:, retrieved 19402: 19398: 19385: 19376: 19372: 19341:, retrieved 19332: 19328: 19325:"Kingaludda" 19300:, retrieved 19291: 19287: 19264: 19237: 19218: 19192: 19188: 19154: 19135: 19124:, retrieved 19104: 19075: 19071: 19061:, retrieved 19041: 19018: 18990: 18971: 18952: 18932: 18907:, retrieved 18898: 18894: 18866:, retrieved 18857: 18853: 18825:, retrieved 18816: 18812: 18789: 18769: 18765: 18741:, retrieved 18732: 18728: 18713:, retrieved 18704: 18681: 18663: 18641: 18630:. Retrieved 18615: 18596: 18593:"Monotheism" 18568:, retrieved 18559: 18555: 18516: 18512: 18501:. Retrieved 18460: 18456: 18441:. Retrieved 18432: 18401: 18390:. Retrieved 18381: 18377: 18347: 18319:, retrieved 18310: 18306: 18275: 18256: 18244:. Retrieved 18218: 18199: 18188:. Retrieved 18163: 18159: 18128: 18117:. Retrieved 18090: 18075:. Retrieved 18034: 18030: 18015:. Retrieved 17990: 17986: 17971:. Retrieved 17946: 17942: 17919: 17907:. Retrieved 17880: 17851: 17847: 17837:, retrieved 17817: 17797: 17788:Bibliography 17774: 17762: 17750: 17738: 17733:, p. 2. 17726: 17654: 17642: 17630: 17618: 17606: 17562: 17555:Lambert 2013 17550: 17538: 17531:Beckman 1998 17526: 17514: 17502: 17497:, p. 1. 17495:Beckman 1998 17490: 17485:, p. 2. 17483:Beckman 1998 17478: 17466: 17454: 17442: 17430: 17418: 17411:Beckman 1999 17406: 17399:Taracha 2009 17394: 17382: 17370: 17348:, p. 1. 17341: 17329: 17324:, p. 7. 17307:Wilhelm 1989 17288:Lambert 1980 17266: 17254: 17242: 17230: 17218: 17162: 17150: 17138: 17126: 17084: 17072: 17060: 17048: 17036: 17024: 17012: 17005:Wilhelm 1989 17000: 16978:Lambert 2007 16956: 16929: 16917: 16912:, p. 4. 16905: 16863: 16851: 16839: 16797: 16785: 16739: 16727: 16715: 16703: 16696:Herbert 2003 16691: 16679: 16667: 16655: 16648:Wiggins 2007 16643: 16636:Wiggins 2007 16631: 16624:Wiggins 2007 16619: 16612:Wiggins 2007 16607: 16600:Wiggins 2007 16595: 16588:Wiggins 2007 16583: 16576:Wiggins 2007 16571: 16564:Wiggins 2007 16544: 16532: 16520: 16508: 16481: 16469: 16457: 16450:Dillery 2014 16445: 16433: 16421: 16414:Taracha 2009 16409: 16393: 16388: 16376: 16349: 16316: 16199: 16168: 16156: 16106: 16094: 16061: 16034: 16001: 15989: 15977: 15880: 15853: 15841: 15736: 15724: 15646: 15609: 15597: 15585: 15573: 15561: 15507: 15495: 15483: 15471: 15464:Lambert 2013 15459: 15452:Lambert 2013 15447: 15440:Lambert 2013 15435: 15428:Lambert 2013 15423: 15374:Lambert 2013 15359:Lambert 2013 15342:Lambert 2013 15337: 15330:Lambert 2013 15276: 15264: 15218: 15191: 15179: 15120: 15113:Marcato 2018 15108: 15101:Wiggins 2007 15096: 15074:Lambert 2013 15069: 15040: 15028: 15001: 14972: 14945: 14894: 14851:Beckman 1999 14791: 14754:Staiger 2010 14749: 14742:Staiger 2010 14727:Staiger 2010 14707: 14680: 14668: 14656: 14644: 14632: 14620: 14529: 14500: 14488: 14476: 14464: 14435: 14406: 14371: 14364:Lambert 2013 14359: 14352:Lambert 2013 14333:Lambert 2013 14328: 14321:Lambert 2013 14265: 14238: 14175: 14112: 14100: 14088: 14023: 13996: 13984: 13977:Lambert 1987 13960:Lambert 1987 13926:Lambert 2013 13921: 13894: 13846: 13813: 13791:Lambert 2013 13730: 13669:Lambert 2013 13664: 13657:Lambert 2013 13652: 13645:Lambert 2013 13640: 13582:Leemans 1983 13577: 13545:Lambert 2013 13528:Lambert 2013 13523: 13516:Lambert 2013 13482:Lambert 1983 13465:Lambert 1983 13450:Lambert 1983 13445: 13423:Lambert 2013 13418: 13387: 13380:Holland 2009 13360: 13353:Lambert 2013 13348: 13341:Lambert 2013 13336: 13324: 13312: 13300: 13224: 13212: 13200: 13161: 13149: 13101: 13040: 13033:Veenhof 2018 13028: 13016: 12985: 12978:Lambert 2013 12973: 12961: 12949: 12918: 12906: 12894: 12867: 12826: 12814: 12802: 12790: 12778: 12706:Richter 2004 12701: 12572: 12497: 12490:Lambert 2013 12485: 12478:Lambert 2013 12473: 12429: 12417: 12390: 12383:Lambert 2013 12378: 12334: 12263:Lambert 2013 12258: 12246: 12234: 12207: 12195: 12147: 12135: 12108: 12096: 12084: 12055: 12043: 12031: 12019: 11992: 11951: 11924: 11912: 11883: 11871: 11834: 11783: 11771: 11766:, p. 6. 11759: 11747: 11657: 11628: 11616: 11589: 11577: 11570:Burkert 2005 11565: 11553: 11526: 11499: 11487: 11475: 11446: 11417: 11405: 11393: 11381: 11317:Lambert 2013 11312: 11305:Lambert 2013 11290:Lambert 2013 11285: 11278:Lambert 2013 11273: 11266:Lambert 2013 11261: 11254:Lambert 2013 11237:Lambert 2013 11232: 11225:Lambert 2013 11220: 11213:Lambert 2013 11198:Lambert 2013 11193: 11186:Lambert 2013 11181: 11174:Lambert 2013 11169: 11162:Lambert 2013 11157: 11150:Lambert 2013 11145: 11138:Lambert 2013 11123:Lambert 2013 11118: 11111:Lambert 2013 11106: 11099:Lambert 2013 11094: 11082: 11070: 11058: 11051:Lambert 2013 11046: 11034: 11027:Lambert 2013 11008:Lambert 2013 10976:Lambert 2013 10961:Lambert 2013 10956: 10929: 10917: 10873: 10861: 10849: 10837: 10825: 10813: 10780: 10751: 10739: 10670: 10658: 10646: 10634: 10622: 10610: 10598: 10586: 10519: 10492: 10465: 10436: 10424: 10412: 10364: 10352: 10340: 10328: 10316: 10304: 10299:, p. 9. 10292: 10265: 10253: 10241: 10229: 10217: 10169: 10100: 10088: 10059: 10047: 10035: 10023: 10011: 9984: 9972: 9767: 9725: 9713: 9648: 9621: 9552: 9422: 9410: 9398: 9369: 9336: 9305: 9293: 9281: 9269: 9232: 9220: 9208: 9196: 9159: 9147: 9135: 9106: 9094: 9082: 9037: 8973: 8961: 8889: 8877: 8865: 8853: 8723: 8666: 8601:Lambert 2013 8596: 8584: 8572: 8535: 8523: 8492: 8462: 8452: 8393:, p. 5. 8391:Lambert 2013 8348: 8336: 8324: 8297: 8237:Lambert 2013 8232: 8220: 8208: 8178:Lambert 2013 8158: 8146: 8134: 7994: 7934: 7922: 7910: 7903:Bautsch 2003 7898: 7886: 7879:Lambert 2013 7874: 7867:Lambert 2013 7835:Lambert 2013 7830: 7823:Lambert 2013 7788: 7776: 7771:, p. 2. 7764: 7752: 7723: 7711: 7699: 7656:, p. 8. 7603: 7598:, p. 6. 7576: 7529: 7449: 7437: 7376: 7298: 7269: 7169:Kingdoms of 7040: 6940:Gary Beckman 6860: 6827: 6776: 6753: 6663: 6578: 6532:Anšar = Anum 6531: 6527: 6393: 6389: 6356:Dura-Europos 6285: 6281: 6273: 6234: 6230: 6194:Artaxerxes I 6157: 6104:fire temples 6048: 6047:, it is the 6044: 5980: 5976:Ishkur/Adad 5951: 5838:miscarriages 5806: 5802: 5762:Utu/Shamash 5736: 5713: 5709: 5626: 5622: 5593: 5575: 5571: 5526: 5520: 5510: 5422: 5418: 5398: 5390: 5386: 5347: 5287: 5200: 5180: 5176: 5153: 5131: 5040: 5022: 5018: 5014: 4986: 4893:Šarrat-Dēri 4886:Ašrat aḫītu, 4885: 4826: 4822: 4812:Panigingarra 4696: 4671: 4518: 4495:salt springs 4417: 4350:Ninigizibara 4294: 4213: 4055: 3924: 3875: 3867: 3848: 3740:α Scorpionis 3694:Kurigalzu II 3666:, Lahar and 3661: 3643: 3595: 3574: 3517: 3513: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3468: 3412: 3408: 3402: 3394: 3319: 3256: 3221:Dūr-Šarruku 3188: 3107: 3058: 3020:Jeremy Black 2985: 2981: 2975: 2952: 2948: 2897: 2868: 2862: 2858: 2787: 2729: 2725: 2689: 2641: 2589: 2526: 2474: 2467: 2424: 2330: 2303: 2257: 2180: 2166: 2154: 2139: 2123: 2103: 2095: 2015: 2004: 1986: 1982: 1945: 1881: 1877: 1819: 1793: 1783: 1779: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1755: 1736: 1704:Nabopolassar 1631: 1627: 1621: 1608: 1580: 1541: 1414: 1388: 1331: 1330:, while his 1225: 1223: 1151: 1147: 1137: 994: 968:, and later 718:Dura Europos 562: 558: 554: 540: 462:lapis lazuli 458:national god 409: 297: 231: 221: 217: 213: 189: 181: 166: 159: 156: 120:cult statues 110:The ancient 109: 104: 100: 91:". Both the 84: 80: 76: 68: 67: 26: 24360:Agriculture 24255:Micronesian 24071:Anglo-Saxon 23481:"Nin-šubur" 22184:: 277–290. 20993:"Manziniri" 20645:"Šarrāḫītu" 19284:"Kanisurra" 18552:"Ninegalla" 17854:: 105–108. 17731:Grabbe 2010 17689:Miller 1986 17599:Dalley 2013 17543:Porter 2004 17029:Potter 1991 17017:Foster 1996 16525:Dirven 2014 16501:Parker 2017 16486:Parker 2017 16321:Morony 1984 15885:George 2003 15858:George 2003 15846:George 2003 15666:Kramer 1961 15602:George 2003 15590:George 2003 15300:George 2003 15257:George 1999 15238:George 1993 15125:George 1993 15033:George 1993 14887:George 2003 14796:George 1993 14784:George 1993 14769:Simons 2017 14649:George 1993 14637:George 1993 14625:George 1993 14613:Jordan 2002 14493:George 1993 14481:George 1993 14411:George 1993 14289:Jordan 2002 14064:George 1993 14001:George 1993 13989:George 1993 13497:George 1993 13392:Jordan 2002 13365:George 1993 13263:Edzard 1980 13229:Jordan 2002 13205:George 1993 13060:McCall 1990 12942:George 2003 12923:Jordan 2002 12911:George 1993 12872:George 1993 12860:Weeden 2016 12795:Kramer 1961 12660:Kramer 1963 12645:Kramer 1963 12630:Kramer 1963 12577:Simons 2017 12565:Simons 2017 12544:Simons 2017 12502:George 1993 12466:George 1993 12339:George 1993 12327:Kramer 1961 12308:Kramer 1961 12293:Kramer 1961 12200:Archi 2015a 12128:George 1993 12101:Kramer 1961 12060:George 2003 12048:George 2003 12036:George 2003 12024:George 2003 12012:Dalley 1989 11997:George 2003 11956:George 1993 11944:George 1993 11929:George 1993 11917:George 1993 11839:George 1999 11776:George 1993 11075:George 1992 10893:Kramer 1961 10651:Kramer 1961 10627:Kramer 1961 10162:Simons 2017 9237:Robson 2015 8939:Kramer 1961 8882:Kramer 1961 8406:Wright 2002 8353:Kramer 1963 8341:Kramer 1963 8329:Kramer 1983 8225:Kramer 1963 8127:Rogers 1998 8110:Harris 1991 7927:Kramer 1963 7915:Kramer 1963 7757:Kramer 1963 7631:Brisch 2016 7274:Kramer 1961 6639:Inshushinak 6558:Verethragna 6528:eše hawurni 6402:Belet Nagar 6164:Ningishzida 6080:Ahura Mazda 5996:Marduk and 5701:Kingaludda 5602:Girtablullu 5360:Uṣur-amāssu 5352:Uṣur-amāssu 5288:Enuma Elish 5061:Shulshagana 5049:Uṣur-amāssu 4971:, possibly 4804:Sagittarius 4356:Umma, Uruk 4297:, the hero 4271:Ningishzida 4218:Guškinbanda 3929:homophonous 3844:Bad-tibira 3748:Lugala'abba 3625:Inshushinak 3509:Uruk, Kish 3483:Enuma Elish 3354:Inshushinak 3244:Id (modern 2991:Ningishzida 2961:Geshtinanna 2875:Great Flood 2578:Dumuzi-abzu 2433:written in 2127:creature." 2111:Amashilama 1958:Lugaldukuga 1948:(a kind of 1910:Samsu-iluna 1732:Sennacherib 1706:are known. 1530:Ningishzida 1353:Buriyaš or 1320:Uruk period 1296:Adad, Hadad 1093:Geshtinanna 722:Elephantine 602:Babylonians 551:Great Flood 531:, the sage 410:Luludanitu, 24625:Categories 24551:Vegetation 24487:Psychopomp 24292:Philippine 24230:Lithuanian 24190:Indonesian 23791:2022-03-12 23751:2021-07-30 23711:2022-05-17 23669:2021-07-28 23622:2021-07-28 23581:2022-05-22 23540:2021-10-03 23499:2021-08-01 23471:2021-07-29 23418:2021-07-28 23390:2021-08-01 23295:2021-10-03 23243:2022-04-26 23206:2022-05-23 23177:2020-11-30 23099:2022-02-16 23052:2022-03-30 22995:2021-07-28 22954:2021-08-01 22878:2022-04-26 22818:2022-10-01 22765:2022-04-28 22738:2022-04-28 22686:2022-02-25 22644:2021-07-28 22602:2022-04-05 22549:2022-05-23 22521:2022-02-12 22477:2021-08-01 22427:2022-02-28 22354:2021-07-31 22304:1223089221 22257:2018-08-04 22221:2020-11-30 22168:2021-07-28 22108:2021-07-28 22053:2022-02-02 22025:2022-02-23 21983:2022-02-09 21941:2021-10-07 21889:2021-07-31 21853:2022-05-23 21813:2021-08-12 21724:2020-11-30 21653:2021-07-28 21598:2022-05-23 21510:2022-05-23 21469:2021-07-31 21441:2022-03-05 21382:2020-11-30 21324:2022-05-22 21268:2021-09-25 21185:2020-11-30 21140:2022-05-23 21011:2021-10-05 20970:2021-07-28 20929:2022-05-23 20901:2021-09-12 20828:2021-08-11 20787:2021-08-11 20746:2021-07-28 20718:2022-03-13 20708:1038056453 20663:2022-03-13 20622:2021-09-28 20581:2022-03-19 20553:2022-05-17 20492:2021-07-28 20451:2021-07-28 20410:2022-05-23 20369:2022-05-23 20306:2018-07-24 20275:2018-03-13 20212:2021-08-07 20161:2018-03-15 20049:2020-11-30 19987:2022-04-05 19857:2021-08-04 19789:2021-07-28 19702:2020-09-25 19670:2022-02-12 19581:2022-06-24 19413:2021-08-11 19373:Philippika 19343:2021-09-27 19302:2021-09-27 19173:1066106613 19126:2020-11-30 19063:2020-11-30 18909:2022-05-23 18868:2021-09-28 18827:2021-08-12 18743:2022-05-23 18632:2022-05-23 18570:2021-08-12 18503:2021-07-28 18443:2021-08-04 18392:2021-09-12 18321:2021-09-25 18246:2021-07-28 18190:2022-04-03 18160:Orientalia 18119:2021-07-28 18077:2021-07-28 18017:2021-07-28 17987:Orientalia 17973:2021-08-07 17943:Orientalia 17909:2021-07-28 17899:1159428969 17839:2020-11-30 17719:Dever 2003 17471:Feliu 2003 17459:Feliu 2003 17447:Archi 2015 17346:Archi 2013 17334:Archi 2013 17322:Archi 2013 17271:Archi 2013 17247:Archi 2013 17235:Archi 2013 17143:Seidl 1972 16961:Archi 2004 16934:Archi 2004 16910:Archi 2010 16898:Archi 2004 16883:Archi 2004 16868:Archi 2004 16732:Archi 2013 16684:Cohen 2013 16549:Cohen 2013 16513:Cohen 2013 16426:Murat 2009 16381:Litke 1998 16309:Litke 1998 15681:Pryke 2017 15416:Horry 2013 13818:Bauer 1987 13244:Litke 1998 12990:Soldt 2005 12966:Soldt 2005 12954:Soldt 2005 12525:Horry 2016 12434:Klein 1997 12422:Klein 1997 12395:Black 2006 12371:Cohen 1993 12239:Klein 2010 11039:Litke 1998 10579:Pryke 2017 10512:Leick 2013 8966:Pryke 2017 8924:Pryke 2017 8909:Pryke 2017 8831:Leick 1998 8795:Pryke 2017 8317:Hallo 1996 8151:James 1963 7769:Litke 1998 7716:Archi 1990 7654:Leick 1998 7608:Litke 1998 7596:Litke 1998 7262:References 7181:Israelites 7151:El Shaddai 6800:Esarhaddon 6790:Manziniri 6668:Ereshkigal 6610:Al-Hasakah 6286:Tauropolos 6150:Ereshkigal 6009:Urmahlullu 5924:Enmesharra 5842:cot deaths 5808:Enûma Eliš 5136:Enmesharra 5099:Shul-utula 5011:underworld 4991:Lugalbanda 4979:Tell Agrab 4973:Tell Agrab 4835:Sadarnunna 4728:Ereshkigal 4691:, Kiritab 4622:Lugalbanda 4426:Nin-MAR.KI 4342:apotropaic 4327:Ningublaga 4243:Babylonian 4064:Nimintabba 3763:Lugalbanda 3432:Hendursaga 3338:Ishmekarab 3226:Esarhaddon 3197:Hendursaga 3178:Ḫegirnunna 3047:Ereshkigal 2902:, she and 2602:Hendursaga 2415:1600 BC – 2405:Utu-hengal 2345:Belet-Seri 2337:underworld 2320:Lugal-asal 2085:Amasagnudi 2016:Enûma Eliš 2006:Enûma Eliš 1938:Enmesharra 1882:Enûma Eliš 1878:Enûma Eliš 1821:Enûma Eliš 1784:Enûma Eliš 1775:Enûma Eliš 1526:Ereshkigal 1494:divination 1345:("Adad of 1170:Nintinugga 1101:Ereshkigal 1077:Bad-tibira 1047:Ereshkigal 867:Ereshkigal 710:Hierapolis 513:Damgalnuna 490:temple in 438:temple in 386:temple in 208:1830 BC – 154:2004 BC). 150:2112 BC – 37:dating to 24440:Knowledge 24425:Household 24405:Fertility 24297:Purépecha 24180:Hungarian 24105:Hebridean 24083:Mycenaean 23987:Canaanite 23887:243923454 23741:171049273 23380:161099846 23372:0084-5299 23277:0373-6032 23238:0373-6032 23034:0066-6440 22868:161219123 22852:0022-2968 22728:164771112 22720:0232-8461 22676:648616171 22511:1569-2116 22464:1569-2116 22158:232250529 22142:0021-0889 22098:850438175 22015:954238944 21973:952181311 21931:164470953 21923:0084-5299 21879:0212-5730 21843:460044951 21803:162329196 21771:163475560 21741:CiteSeerX 21431:234551379 21334:"Ninurta" 21311:2610-8828 21258:237144973 21093:861537250 20891:163337976 20875:0021-0889 20810:"Lāgamāl" 20343:163489322 20202:161464047 20194:0084-5299 20148:1406-0957 20126:CiteSeerX 20015:470337605 19763:162322517 19256:263460607 19209:140595319 19100:Day, John 19092:0905-7196 18543:0221-5896 18493:163362140 18477:0022-0256 18435:: 13–30. 18366:1384-2161 18172:0030-5367 18109:882106763 18067:191962310 18051:0021-0889 17999:0030-5367 17955:0030-5367 17868:193002796 17767:Blum 1998 17755:Betz 2000 17647:Stol 2019 17635:Gelb 1973 16404:, line 30 15281:Selz 1995 15269:Selz 1995 14105:Selz 1995 13021:Selz 1995 12899:Selz 1995 12887:Selz 1995 12694:Zisa 2021 12251:Selz 1995 12227:Selz 1995 12089:Katz 2003 11410:Krul 2018 11398:Krul 2018 10222:Stol 1998 9213:Mark 2017 8254:Ataç 2018 8163:Katz 2003 8139:Clay 2006 7704:Katz 1995 7256:An = Anum 7197:Jerusalem 7195:captured 7185:Levantine 6948:Ninsianna 6936:Kiririsha 6832:Tashmetum 6828:Ninsikila 6754:An = Anum 6664:An = Anum 6595:Ḫabūrītum 6583:Napirisha 6476:kusarikku 6394:Parthenos 6390:Promachos 6328:Atargatis 6045:An = Anum 6031:Ušumgallu 5940:Suhurmašu 5803:kusarikku 5772:Gilgamesh 5749:Kusarikku 5714:ilu lemnu 5710:An = Anum 5618:/Shamash 5582:Gilgamesh 5413:from her 5283:Borsippa 5232:Dadamušda 5228:Tadmuštum 5121:Shuzianna 5057:Shulshaga 5023:An = Anum 5019:wābalu(m) 4871:Šarrāḫītu 4735:Nunusdug 4626:Gilgamesh 4580:Ninsikila 4560:haruspicy 4527:Ninsianna 4507:Ninnisig? 4480:Ninpumuna 4299:Gilgamesh 4252:Ningirima 4187:Ninhegal 4173:Ningirida 4154:Ningikuga 4056:An = Anum 4046:Nanibgal 3822:Babylonia 3788:Gilgamesh 3736:Ninsikila 3724:Adab and 3690:Babylonia 3596:šuillakku 3503:Kanisurra 3495:Ninshubur 3491:Ninkarrak 3479:An = Anum 3261:-lú-ru-gú 3085:Ninkarrak 3037:Gugalanna 2949:ṣayyaḫatu 2923:Parthians 2859:An = Anum 2770:Gugalanna 2745:Enlilazi 2431:epic poem 2368:Gilgamesh 2316:Bēl-ṣarbi 2277:Ninhursag 2258:An = Anum 2173:Aphrodite 2155:An = Anum 2124:An = Anum 2120:Ningirida 2096:An = Anum 2063:Ama-arhus 1743:Papsukkal 1728:Hammurabi 1648:Papsukkal 1594:Ninshubur 1450:Uruk and 1336:extispicy 1226:An = Anum 1174:Ninkarrak 1152:An = Anum 1126:Gugalanna 1009:Euphrates 887:Ninhursag 843:Shuruppak 652:Sargon II 640:Assyrians 610:Sarpānītu 517:Ninhursag 340:Ninsianna 316:Ninhursag 277:Nabonidus 257:Ninhursag 255:regarded 161:An = Anum 33:Akkadian 24607:Category 24546:Tutelary 24534:Trickery 24507:Smithing 24332:Ugaritic 24327:Tuvaluan 24282:Ossetian 24260:Muskogee 24205:Japanese 24132:Buddhist 24125:Rigvedic 24100:Hawaiian 24066:Germanic 24061:Georgian 24051:Etruscan 24046:Estonian 24024:Egyptian 23957:Armenian 23947:Albanian 23785:Archived 23781:21036268 23745:Archived 23705:Archived 23663:Archived 23630:citation 23616:archived 23589:citation 23575:archived 23548:citation 23534:archived 23507:citation 23493:archived 23465:Archived 23461:27914917 23426:citation 23412:archived 23384:Archived 23313:archived 23289:Archived 23285:23281369 23187:(1996). 23171:archived 23140:33242446 23107:citation 23093:archived 23081:"Šuwala" 23046:Archived 23042:41670228 23003:citation 22989:archived 22977:"Tišpak" 22962:citation 22948:archived 22936:"Nanaja" 22920:archived 22896:archived 22872:Archived 22812:Archived 22773:citation 22759:archived 22732:archived 22680:Archived 22638:Archived 22634:48399212 22596:Archived 22592:33334960 22557:citation 22543:archived 22515:Archived 22468:Archived 22421:Archived 22417:48145544 22362:citation 22348:archived 22336:"Zababa" 22314:(1987), 22251:archived 22215:archived 22190:20187558 22162:Archived 22102:Archived 22061:citation 22047:archived 22019:Archived 21977:Archived 21935:Archived 21883:Archived 21847:Archived 21807:Archived 21763:25608622 21718:archived 21647:Archived 21589:Archived 21534:(1986), 21518:citation 21504:archived 21492:"Šubula" 21477:citation 21463:archived 21435:Archived 21376:archived 21350:4 August 21344:archived 21315:Archived 21262:Archived 21228:30 April 21179:archived 21148:citation 21134:archived 21122:"Lagaba" 21064:March 5, 21058:Archived 21054:67873765 21019:citation 21005:archived 20978:citation 20964:archived 20937:citation 20923:archived 20895:Archived 20836:citation 20822:archived 20795:citation 20781:archived 20754:citation 20740:archived 20712:Archived 20671:citation 20657:archived 20630:citation 20616:archived 20589:citation 20575:archived 20544:Archived 20540:51728225 20500:citation 20486:archived 20474:"Nanšak" 20459:citation 20445:archived 20418:citation 20404:archived 20377:citation 20363:archived 20300:archived 20269:archived 20251:(1961), 20206:Archived 20152:archived 20043:archived 19981:Archived 19939:archived 19915:archived 19851:Archived 19835:Bulletin 19797:citation 19783:archived 19696:archived 19664:Archived 19660:51668477 19609:27813103 19575:Archived 19550:16252979 19503:34149948 19456:52107444 19421:citation 19407:archived 19379:: 51–66. 19351:citation 19337:archived 19310:citation 19296:archived 19120:archived 19102:(2002), 19057:archived 19039:(1989), 19009:27431674 18917:citation 18903:archived 18876:citation 18862:archived 18835:citation 18821:archived 18809:"Nungal" 18751:citation 18737:archived 18709:archived 18578:citation 18564:archived 18497:Archived 18437:Archived 18420:51944564 18386:Archived 18329:citation 18315:archived 18303:"LUM-ma" 18237:Archived 18184:Archived 18180:26153279 18113:Archived 18071:Archived 18059:20779017 18011:Archived 18007:43078173 17967:Archived 17963:43075881 17903:Archived 17833:archived 17704:Day 2002 16398:Archived 7230:See also 7114:Umbidaki 7099:mushussu 7089:Eshnunna 7056:Mardaman 6975:Shaushka 6817:Meskilak 6701:Meskilak 6660:Sumerian 6540:Herakles 6480:mushussu 6435:Eshnunna 6316:Ugaritic 6294:Ashratum 6223:Seleucid 6190:Berossos 6119:Allatum 6100:Sasanian 6074:Details 6039:Ninkilim 5998:Sarpanit 5990:Uridimmu 5946:Enki/Ea 5899:Lamashtu 5850:Mušḫuššu 5817:Lamashtu 5732:Enki/Ea 5501:Ninurta 5478:Details 5453:Itūr-Mēr 5382:Babylon 5337:Urkayītu 5247:Tashmetu 5084:Shulpa'e 5076:Ninĝirsu 5015:ābalu(m) 4938:Medimsha 4926:Sarpanit 4850:Sarpanit 4800:Ninisina 4779:Pabilsaĝ 4767:oil lamp 4755:Nippur, 4713:Manungal 4695:myth of 4682:Numushda 4673:kudurrus 4385:Ninkurra 4263:Ningilin 4226:Ninkilim 4017:scimitar 3985:Ishtaran 3921:Akkadian 3906:Mammitum 3702:Mammitum 3280:Ninĝirsu 3234:Idlurugu 3093:Ĝatumdug 3081:Ninisina 2995:mushussu 2867:and the 2797:Archived 2718:Enbilulu 2694:Archived 2677:Babylon 2671:Enbilulu 2651:Archived 2562:Dingirma 2435:Akkadian 2364:Bilgames 2356:Ashratum 2326:Šapazzu 2304:kallatum 2254:Shulpa'e 2215:Asarluhi 2175:, was a 2100:Seleucid 2041:Details 1905:Akkadian 1891:Parthian 1887:Seleucid 1806:Details 1652:Seleucid 1577:Šuruppak 1543:mušḫuššu 1534:Eshnunna 1514:Eshnunna 1490:Ningirsu 1416:kudurrus 1407:Ningirsu 1355:Ugaritic 1249:Lagash, 1194:Borsippa 1166:Ninisina 1136:and her 947:Ninĝírsu 694:Tashmetu 679:Borsippa 606:Asarluhi 529:Enbilulu 525:Asarluhi 450:Elamites 360:Details 218:Anunnaki 186:chthonic 169:Anunnaki 136:chariots 93:Sumerian 24571:Weather 24556:Volcano 24524:Thunder 24472:Nations 24450:Liminal 24430:Hunting 24415:Fortune 24385:Creator 24337:Vainakh 24287:Persian 24275:Zapotec 24265:Myanmar 24210:Kassite 24185:Hurrian 24175:Hittite 24090:Guanche 24056:Finnish 24041:Elamite 24014:Chinese 23992:Catalan 23952:Arabian 23942:African 22274:Bibcode 22150:4200556 21626:9645034 20883:4200181 20728:"Jabnu" 20335:3642699 19771:"Šimut" 19755:1062957 18485:1360026 7118:Nupatik 7107:Elamite 7082:Tishpak 7049:Shuwala 7041:kudurru 7000:Subartu 6989:Nineveh 6956:Shalash 6925:Pinikir 6891:Sebitti 6869:Narundi 6861:Tākultu 6840:Nabarbi 6823:Dilmun 6778:Tākultu 6762:Kumarbi 6631:kudurru 6601:Sikani 6553:Greece 6439:Tishpak 6413:Shekhna 6396:types. 6385:Greece 6319:Athirat 6301:Amorite 6282:Soteira 6274:Daittai 6268:Greece 6255:Artemis 6235:Daittai 6231:Komaios 6185:Persia 6172:Anahita 6138:Hurrian 6112:Mada'in 5953:kudurru 5918:Narundi 5907:Sebitti 5737:kissugu 5726:Kulullû 5693:Ishtar 5653:Humbaba 5627:gir-tab 5547:Gudea's 5527:huluppu 5488:Imdugud 5449:Humbaba 5421:and in 5333:Urkitum 5302:Nippur 5209:Sumugan 5127:Nippur 5067:Lagash 5045:Misharu 4905:Ištaran 4861:Babylon 4841:Nippur 4823:kudurru 4740:Kisiga 4689:Kazallu 4668:Ištaran 4572:Pinikir 4568:Elamite 4445:Ninmena 4430:Ninmar? 4407:Ninmada 4365:Ninkasi 4303:Dumuzid 4201:Ninimma 4192:Sippar 4099:Ninegal 4080:Nindara 4039:Ishartu 4029:Misharu 3956:Mandanu 3947:Sippar 3838:Latarak 3817:Kisiga 3754:Nippur 3682:Kutha, 3604:Lagamar 3557:Sherida 3481:and in 3350:Elamite 3309:Ilabrat 3275:Lagash 3269:Igalima 3216:Humhum 3162:Nineveh 3099:Lagash 2935:Gazbaba 2848:Errakal 2844:Erragal 2792:(ETCSL 2765:Nippur 2750:Nippur 2707:Enkimdu 2646:(ETCSL 2483:Bizilla 2189:Anunītu 2098:and in 2047:Alammuš 1946:suššuru 1850:Hittite 1788:Kassite 1644:Ilabrat 1538:Tishpak 1425:Dumuzid 1366:Ištaran 1351:Kassite 1347:Subartu 1340:Hurrian 1059:Dumuzid 996:Lugal-e 974:Assyria 943:Ninurta 923:Mesilim 875:Dumuzid 847:Zabalam 781:Shamash 706:Palmyra 698:Mercury 688:Mercury 596:Jupiter 591:Babylon 497:Canopus 273:Shamash 194:Hurrian 105:puluhtu 24595:Portal 24477:Nature 24420:Health 24370:Beauty 24342:Yoruba 24322:Turkic 24317:Slavic 24312:Samoan 24240:Māʻohi 24225:Lakota 24220:Korean 24161:Meitei 24009:Chahta 23997:Celtic 23977:Basque 23972:Balkan 23885: 23875: 23849: 23829: 23809: 23779: 23769: 23739: 23729: 23697: 23655: 23459: 23449: 23378: 23370: 23335: 23283: 23275: 23236: 23197: 23163: 23138: 23128: 23068: 23040: 23032: 22866: 22860:544089 22858: 22850: 22804: 22726: 22718: 22674: 22664: 22632: 22622: 22590: 22580: 22509: 22462: 22415: 22405: 22385: 22324: 22302: 22292: 22207: 22200:Ishtar 22188: 22156: 22148: 22140: 22096: 22086: 22013: 22003: 21971: 21961: 21929: 21921: 21877: 21841: 21831: 21801: 21769: 21761: 21743: 21710: 21689: 21671: 21624: 21614: 21581: 21544: 21429: 21399: 21368: 21309: 21299: 21256: 21246: 21202: 21171: 21110: 21091: 21081: 21052: 21042: 20889: 20881: 20873: 20706: 20696: 20538: 20528: 20341: 20333: 20292: 20261: 20237: 20200: 20192: 20146: 20128: 20099: 20066: 20035: 20013: 20003: 19973: 19895: 19875: 19818: 19761: 19753: 19727:605698 19725: 19688: 19658: 19648: 19628: 19607: 19597: 19567: 19548: 19538: 19520: 19501: 19491: 19473: 19454: 19444: 19395:"Uttu" 19271: 19254: 19244: 19226: 19207: 19171: 19161: 19143: 19112: 19090: 19049: 19026: 19007: 18997: 18978: 18960: 18940: 18797: 18688: 18670: 18648: 18623: 18603: 18541: 18491: 18483: 18475: 18418: 18408: 18364: 18354: 18290: 18264: 18229: 18206: 18178: 18170: 18143: 18107: 18097: 18065: 18057: 18049: 18005: 17997: 17961: 17953: 17927: 17897: 17887: 17866: 17825: 17805: 7171:Israel 7147:Elohim 7138:Yahweh 7130:Arbela 7103:Teshub 7095:Ninazu 7076:wife. 7031:Zagros 7008:Ninlil 6887:Nanaya 6770:Urkesh 6749:Elam? 6735:bashmu 6713:Išḫara 6687:Dilmun 6617:Ḫarbe 6566:Humban 6495:Tuttul 6372:Athena 6348:Edessa 6312:Amurru 6303:areas 6278:Ikaros 6247:Ikaros 6243:Strabo 6217:Greece 6203:Apollo 6159:sukkal 6142:Haššum 6123:Allani 6098:Under 6094:Persia 6068:Image 6049:sukkal 6037:Nabu; 5981:ugallu 5963:Ugallu 5932:Gutium 5914:Nergal 5877:Pazuzu 5768:Enkidu 5687:Kilili 5675:Humban 5657:Huwawa 5645:Pazuzu 5623:lu-ulu 5590:Taurus 5586:Enkidu 5580:after 5472:Image 5415:vagina 5395:Esagil 5391:uttutu 5322:Dilbat 5264:Nanaya 5238:Kutha 5213:Šakkan 5191:Silili 5177:Šiduri 5166:Šiduri 5158:Laguda 5144:Sirsir 5000:Šubula 4952:Karkar 4882:Amurru 4857:Esagil 4757:Harran 4709:Nungal 4602:Ninsun 4594:Dilmun 4548:, and 4542:Sippar 4503:Ninšar 4461:Ninmug 4395:Ninsar 4377:Nungal 4311:Lagash 4291:Ninazu 4285:Lagash 4208:Nippur 4143:Harran 4131:Nikkal 4127:Ningal 4115:Nungal 4091:Nanshe 4051:Eresh 4005:Amurru 3972:Manzat 3912:Kutha 3880:Hamazi 3826:Gemini 3792:Nippur 3784:Ninsun 3776:, and 3774:Nippur 3684:Lagaba 3668:Ashnan 3633:Laguda 3611:Dilbat 3546:Kittum 3518:ganzer 3470:sukkal 3404:sukkal 3396:sukkal 3380:Isimud 3366:Irnina 3321:sukkal 3203:Girsu 3184:Girsu 3152:, and 3142:Ninlil 3138:Nisaba 3129:, and 3071:Gunura 3055:Ninazu 3051:Ennugi 2927:temple 2912:Gareus 2886:Ashnan 2882:Ezina 2836:Nergal 2830:Kutha 2759:Ennugi 2738:Amurru 2686:Bilulu 2610:Duttur 2598:Nanshe 2594:Dumuzi 2590:Dumuzi 2528:sukkal 2519:, and 2513:Sippar 2506:Bunene 2494:Ninlil 2444:Birtum 2281:Nisaba 2177:calque 2104:sukkal 2079:Uruk. 2035:Image 1997:Tiamat 1950:pigeon 1870:Kishar 1866:Anshar 1858:Dumuzi 1838:Belili 1826:Tiamat 1803:Image 1768:, and 1738:sukkal 1712:Zababa 1692:Ugarit 1684:Shulgi 1660:Nisaba 1623:sukkal 1610:sukkal 1563:Nippur 1556:Ninlil 1507:Ninazu 1482:Lagash 1468:Nanshe 1437:Nanaya 1390:sukkal 1385:Manzat 1343:Teshub 1332:sukkal 1310:Karkar 1292:Ishkur 1276:Ninlil 1268:Nanshe 1144:Namtar 1139:sukkal 1130:Nergal 1063:Tammuz 1017:Nergal 1005:Tigris 979:Saturn 966:Lagash 927:Šulpae 919:Lagash 849:, and 839:Lagash 835:Nippur 820:Ishtar 816:Inanna 796:Sippar 768:Ninlil 757:Harran 726:Yahweh 714:Edessa 577:Marduk 569:jasper 547:Isimud 542:sukkal 539:. His 537:Nanshe 521:Marduk 509:Ishkur 488:E-Abzu 456:, the 454:Marduk 440:Nippur 351:Image 338:, and 328:Inanna 326:, and 285:Marduk 269:Harran 249:Inanna 243:, and 128:barges 124:temple 116:Heaven 55:Isimud 53:, and 43:Inanna 24566:Water 24482:Night 24445:Light 24395:Earth 24390:Death 24375:Chaos 24302:Roman 24235:Māori 24200:Irish 24195:Inuit 24142:Japan 24137:China 24115:Hindu 24078:Greek 24029:Index 23982:Batak 23967:Aztec 23883:S2CID 23376:S2CID 23319:9 May 23281:JSTOR 23038:JSTOR 22926:9 May 22902:9 May 22864:S2CID 22856:JSTOR 22724:S2CID 22471:(PDF) 22440:(PDF) 22186:JSTOR 22154:S2CID 22146:JSTOR 21927:S2CID 21799:S2CID 21789:(2). 21767:S2CID 21759:JSTOR 21592:(PDF) 21559:(PDF) 21427:S2CID 21318:(PDF) 21281:(PDF) 20911:"Laṣ" 20887:S2CID 20879:JSTOR 20547:(PDF) 20518:(PDF) 20339:S2CID 20331:JSTOR 20198:S2CID 20155:(PDF) 20114:(PDF) 19945:9 May 19921:9 May 19759:S2CID 19751:JSTOR 19723:JSTOR 19369:(PDF) 19205:S2CID 19185:(PDF) 18766:Numen 18715:9 May 18489:S2CID 18481:JSTOR 18240:(PDF) 18223:(PDF) 18176:JSTOR 18063:S2CID 18055:JSTOR 18003:JSTOR 17959:JSTOR 17864:S2CID 7221:Torah 7191:king 7175:Judah 7072:Elam 7066:Simut 6931:Elam 6917:Ashur 6882:Susa 6855:Taite 6795:Elam 6783:Taite 6743:Jabru 6705:Šurpu 6693:Agaru 6680:Enzag 6676:Inzak 6606:Ḫabur 6579:kiten 6499:Terqa 6488:Dagan 6472:lahmu 6465:Egypt 6409:Nagar 6364:Tyche 6360:Allat 6352:Hatra 6342:Syria 6308:Larsa 6108:Irbil 6065:Name 5895:Hanbi 5780:Lahmu 5741:Kalhu 5635:Hanbi 5535:Bašmu 5469:Name 5411:semen 5407:rapes 5366:Uruk 5343:Uruk 5254:Kalhu 5182:Šurpu 4962:Shara 4934:Shala 4920:Assur 4913:Šerua 4818:Adab 4794:Larag 4763:Gibil 4749:Nusku 4701:Martu 4648:Nirah 4634:Nintu 4590:Lisin 4556:Venus 4546:Larsa 4472:Ishum 4451:Utab 4338:Nanna 4319:Hydra 4315:Adapa 4307:Gudea 4165:Nammu 4119:Qatna 4019:or a 4001:Martu 3993:Simut 3931:with 3925:mammû 3923:word 3876:gallû 3870:) of 3857:Lumma 3834:Lulal 3778:Kuara 3732:Ashgi 3718:Lisin 3652:Lahar 3617:Urash 3522:Ezida 3458:Kakka 3444:Kabta 3421:Ishum 3330:Eridu 3326:Adapa 3295:Agade 3288:Ilaba 3208:Gudea 3189:lukur 3174:Ḫegir 3158:Assur 3154:Kuara 3131:Kuara 3108:lamma 3104:Gudea 3057:. In 3029:Nusku 3025:Shala 3003:Gibil 2986:galla 2982:galla 2977:galla 2953:kazbu 2945:Šurpu 2918:Uruk 2904:Lahar 2809:Enten 2805:Emesh 2794:5.3.3 2778:Enten 2663:Enten 2659:Emesh 2648:5.3.3 2632:Emesh 2624:sheep 2568:Kesh 2521:Assur 2429:, an 2351:Uruk 2272:Kesh 2266:Aruru 2236:Ashgi 2228:Eridu 2222:Kuara 2196:Agade 2168:Iliad 2163:Dione 2091:Uruk 2032:Name 1983:engur 1971:Nammu 1854:Alalu 1846:Hurro 1834:Alala 1800:Name 1778:, or 1674:Eresh 1616:Orion 1586:Ishum 1567:Assur 1518:Enegi 1429:Assur 1411:Girsu 1403:Gudea 1395:Nirah 1328:Shala 1264:Girsu 1260:Gudea 1120:Hydra 1115:Kutha 1081:Kuara 1051:Gibil 1032:Kutha 970:Kalhu 962:Girsu 935:omega 856:Venus 800:Larsa 734:Nanna 683:Kalhu 657:Assur 648:Šerua 644:Assur 632:Assur 618:Ashur 553:. In 533:Adapa 505:Nammu 492:Eridu 418:Enlil 402:Enlil 384:Eanna 348:Name 336:Simut 332:Venus 320:Nanna 308:Enlil 293:Assur 281:Hadad 261:Nanna 253:Gudea 241:Enlil 222:Igigi 214:Igigi 198:Igigi 182:Lamma 173:Gudea 81:melam 77:melam 24576:Wind 24539:List 24529:Tree 24517:List 24492:Rain 24465:List 24460:Moon 24410:Fire 24380:Dawn 24307:Sami 24245:Maya 24215:Komi 24166:List 24154:List 24149:Jain 24120:List 24034:List 24019:Efik 24002:List 23873:ISBN 23847:ISBN 23827:ISBN 23807:ISBN 23777:OCLC 23767:ISBN 23737:OCLC 23727:ISBN 23695:ISBN 23653:ISBN 23636:link 23595:link 23554:link 23513:link 23457:OCLC 23447:ISBN 23432:link 23368:ISSN 23333:ISBN 23321:2018 23273:ISSN 23234:ISSN 23195:ISBN 23161:ISBN 23136:OCLC 23126:ISBN 23113:link 23066:ISBN 23030:ISSN 23009:link 22968:link 22928:2018 22904:2018 22848:ISSN 22802:ISBN 22779:link 22716:ISSN 22672:OCLC 22662:ISBN 22630:OCLC 22620:ISBN 22588:OCLC 22578:ISBN 22563:link 22507:ISSN 22460:ISSN 22413:OCLC 22403:ISBN 22383:ISBN 22368:link 22322:ISBN 22300:OCLC 22290:ISBN 22205:ISBN 22138:ISSN 22122:Iraq 22094:OCLC 22084:ISBN 22067:link 22011:OCLC 22001:ISBN 21969:OCLC 21959:ISBN 21919:ISSN 21875:ISSN 21839:OCLC 21829:ISBN 21708:ISBN 21687:ISBN 21669:ISBN 21622:OCLC 21612:ISBN 21579:ISBN 21542:ISBN 21524:link 21483:link 21397:ISBN 21366:ISBN 21352:2018 21307:ISSN 21297:ISBN 21254:OCLC 21244:ISBN 21230:2018 21200:ISBN 21169:ISBN 21154:link 21108:ISBN 21089:OCLC 21079:ISBN 21066:2022 21050:OCLC 21040:ISBN 21025:link 20984:link 20943:link 20871:ISSN 20855:Iraq 20842:link 20801:link 20760:link 20704:OCLC 20694:ISBN 20677:link 20636:link 20595:link 20536:OCLC 20526:ISBN 20506:link 20465:link 20424:link 20383:link 20290:ISBN 20259:ISBN 20235:ISBN 20190:ISSN 20144:ISSN 20097:ISBN 20064:ISBN 20033:ISBN 20011:OCLC 20001:ISBN 19971:ISBN 19947:2018 19923:2018 19893:ISBN 19873:ISBN 19816:ISBN 19803:link 19686:ISBN 19656:OCLC 19646:ISBN 19626:ISBN 19605:OCLC 19595:ISBN 19565:ISBN 19546:OCLC 19536:ISBN 19518:ISBN 19499:OCLC 19489:ISBN 19471:ISBN 19452:OCLC 19442:ISBN 19427:link 19357:link 19316:link 19269:ISBN 19252:OCLC 19242:ISBN 19224:ISBN 19169:OCLC 19159:ISBN 19141:ISBN 19110:ISBN 19088:ISSN 19047:ISBN 19024:ISBN 19005:OCLC 18995:ISBN 18976:ISBN 18958:ISBN 18938:ISBN 18923:link 18882:link 18841:link 18795:ISBN 18757:link 18717:2018 18686:ISBN 18668:ISBN 18646:ISBN 18621:ISBN 18601:ISBN 18584:link 18539:ISSN 18473:ISSN 18416:OCLC 18406:ISBN 18362:ISSN 18352:ISBN 18335:link 18288:ISBN 18262:ISBN 18227:ISBN 18204:ISBN 18168:ISSN 18141:ISBN 18105:OCLC 18095:ISBN 18047:ISSN 18031:Iraq 17995:ISSN 17951:ISSN 17925:ISBN 17895:OCLC 17885:ISBN 17848:Iraq 17823:ISBN 17803:ISBN 7173:and 7004:Isin 6993:Nuzi 6944:Emar 6727:Ebla 6654:Susa 6573:Elam 6497:and 6392:and 6354:and 6239:Susa 6154:Alla 6110:and 6025:it. 5928:Elam 5840:and 5834:Anzû 5770:and 5484:Anzû 5405:and 5403:beer 5387:tuku 5376:Uttu 5315:Uraš 5296:Uraš 5277:Tutu 5260:Nabu 5074:and 5047:and 4969:Umma 4720:Ekur 4616:Uruk 4550:Uruk 4486:Ur, 4399:Uttu 4141:and 3989:Elam 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