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transposition. I adopted this presumed identity as extremely probable, and
Colonel Chesney (ii. 223) has done the same, not as an established fact, but as a presumed identity. ... In 1846, Colonel Rawlinson, speaking of Nimrud, noticed it as probably the Rehoboth of Scripture, but he added in a note, 'I have no reason for identifying it with Rehoboth, beyond its evident antiquity, and the attribution of Resen and Calah to other sites.' (Journal of Roy. Asiat. Soc. vol. x. p. 26.) At this time Colonel Rawlinson identified Calah with Holwan or Sir Pul-i-Zohab, and Resen, or Dasen, with Yasin Teppeh in the plain of Sharizur in Kurdistan. In 1849 (Journ. of Roy. Asiat. Soc. vol. xi. p. 10), Colonel Rawlinson said, 'The Arabic geographers always give the title of Athur to the great ruined capital near the mouth of the Upper Zab. The ruins are now usually known by the name of Nimrud. It would seem highly probable that they represent the Calah of Genesis, for the Samaritan Pentateuch names this city Lachisa, which is evidently the same title as the Λάρισσα of Xenophon, the Persian r being very usually replaced both in Median and Babylonian by a guttural.' In 1850 (Journ. of Roy. Asiat. Soc. vol. xii.). Colonel Rawlinson added the discovery of a cuneiform inscription bearing the title Levekh, which he reads Halukh. 'Nimrud', says the distinguished palaeographist, 'the great treasure-house which has furnished us with all the most remarkable specimens of Assyrian sculpture, although very probably forming one of that group of cities, which in the time of the prophet Jonas, were known by the common name of Nineveh, has no claim, itself, I think, to that particular appellation. The title by which it is designated on the bricks and slabs that form its buildings, I read doubtfully as Levekh, and I suspect this to be the original form of the name which appears as Calah in Genesis, and Halah in Kings and Chronicles, and which indeed, as the capital of Calachene, must needs have occupied some site in the Immediate vicinity.' Lastly, in 1853 (Journ. of Roy. Asiat. Soc. vol. xv. p. vi. et seq.), Colonel Rawlinson describes the remarkable cylinder before alluded to as found at Kilah Shirgat, which establishes that site to have been the most ancient capital of the Assyrian empire, and to have been called Assur as well as Nimrud and Nineveh Proper. This Assur, we have seen, he identifies with the Tel Assur of the Targums, which is used for the Mosaic Resen; and instead, therefore, of Resen being between Nineveh and Calah, It should be Calah, which was between Nineveh and Resen. But, notwithstanding such very high authority, the conclusion thus arrived at does not appear to be perfectly satisfactory."
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of
Rehoboth, mentioned in Genesis x. 11. It is evident from the sculptures which have been discovered at Nimroud, that these mounds were in ancient days occupied by some large Assyrian city. Major Rawlinson, in his interesting paper on Assyrian Antiquities, quoted in the Athenceum of January 26, 1850, assumes that the ruins of Nimroud represent the old city of Calah, or Halah, while he places Nineveh at Nebbi Yunas. Yet it appears likely that the ancient Calah, or Halah, which was probably the capital of the district of Calachene, must have been nearer to the Kurdish Mountains. Ptolemy mentions the province of Calachene as bounded on the north by the Mountains of Armenia, and on the south by the district of Adiabene. Most writers place Ninus, or Nineveh, within the latter province. But if so, Adiabene would include also Nimroud, and, therefore, it is not probable that Halah, or Calah, could have occupied the site indicated by Major Rawlinson. St. Ephraim, himself a learned Syrian and well acquainted with the history and geography of the East, considers Calah to be the modern Hatareh, a large town inhabited chiefly by Yezidees, and situated N.N.W. of Nineveh. Between Hatareh and the site of Nineveh we find a village bearing the name of Ras el Ain, which is evidently a corrupted form of the Resen of Genesis. It is worthy of remark that this theory confirms the statement made in Genesis x. 12, where Resen is represented as occupying a midway position between Calah and Nineveh. But assuming Major Rawlinson's hypothesis to be correct, it is clear that there would be no room for a large city between Nebbi Yunas and Nimroud, a distance of, at most, 40 kilometres (25 mi). Nor is it certain that the latter may be considered as the site of the Larissa of Xenophon. A considerable interval must have taken place between the passage of the river Zab by the
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of
Xenophon was the Hazir, or Bumadas, after passing which, the Ten Thousand marched in a north-westerly direction past the modern village of Kermalis to the Tigris. At a short distance from the latter they encountered a ruined city, which Xenophon terms Larissa, and which occupied probably the site of the modern Ras el Ain. The village known by this name is about 19 kilometres (12 mi) from the Tigris, but the ancient city may have been much nearer. Both Ptolemy and Ammianus Marcellinus mention a city situated at the mouth of the Zab, on precisely the same site as that occupied by the mounds of Nimroud, which they term Birtha, or Virtha. But Birtha, or Britha, in Chaldee, signifies the same as Rehoboth in Hebrew, namely, wide squares or streets, an identity in name which seems to imply also an identity in locality. It appears likely, therefore, that Nimroud is the same as Rehoboth, which it is said Asshur founded after his departure from the land of Shinar."
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1164:. In November 2016, aerial photographs showed the systematic leveling of the Ziggurat by heavy machines. On 13 November 2016, the Iraqi Army recaptured the city from ISIL. The Joint Operations Command stated that it had raised the Iraqi flag above its buildings and also captured the Assyrian village of Numaniya, on the edge of the town. By the time Nimrud was retaken, around 90% of the excavated part of the city had been destroyed entirely. Every major structure had been damaged, the Ziggurat of Nimrud had been flattened, only a few scattered broken walls remained of the palace of Ashurnasirpal II, the Lamassu that once guarded its gates had been smashed and scattered across the landscape.
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permission of the Iraqi excavation team, had the whole site documented on film—in slide film and black-and-white print film. Every relief that remained in situ, as well as the fallen, broken pieces that were distributed in the rooms across the site were photographed. Meuszyński also arranged with the architect of his project, Richard P. Sobolewski, to survey the site and record it in plan and in elevation. As a result, the entire relief compositions were reconstructed, taking into account the presumed location of the fragments that were scattered around the world.
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platform is the large village of Nimrod, sometimes called
Deraweish. The Turks generally believe this to have been Nimrod's own city; and one or two of the better informed with whom I conversed at Mousul said it was Al Athur or Ashur, from which the whole country was denominated. It is curious that the villagers of Deraweish still consider Nimrod as their founder. The village story-tellers have a book they call the "Kisseh Nimrod," or Tales of Nimrod, with which they entertain the peasants on a winter night. "
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935:. This involved loading them onto a wheeled cart. They were lowered with a complex system of pulleys and levers operated by dozens of men. The cart was towed by 300 men. He initially tried to hook up the cart to a team of buffalo and have them haul it. However the buffalo refused to move. Then they were loaded onto a barge which required 600 goatskins and sheepskins to keep it afloat. After arriving in London a ramp was built to haul them up the steps and into the museum on rollers.
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buildings had they been carefully examined, a task which I could not now step aside from the road to execute. The Nimrod-Tuppé has a tradition attached to it, of a palace having been built there by Nimrod; and the Shah-Tuppé is said by some to have been a pleasure-house; by others, to be the grave of an
Eastern monarch, coming on a pilgrimage to Mecca from India, who, being pleased with the beauty of the situation, halted here to take up his abode, and ended his days on the spot.
1604:: : "Bei Nimrud, einem verfallenen Castell etwa 8 Stunden von Mosul, findet man ein merkwürdigeres Werk. Hier ist von beiden Ufern ein Damm in den Tiger gebaut, um so viel Wasser zurück zu halten, als nöthig ist, die benachbarten Ländereien zu wässern." / : At Nimrud, a dilapidated castle about 8 hours outside of Mosul, one finds a more remarkable work. Here are both banks of a dam built in the Tigris to hold back as much water as is necessary to water the neighbouring lands."
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1779:, p.923, "Nimrud": "At the present day the site is known only as Nimrud, which so far as I know first appears in Niebuhr (1778, p. 355, 368). When this, now the usual, name arose is unknown; I consider it to be of modern origin ... names like Nimrod, Tell Nimrod, etc. are not found in the geographical nomenclature of Mesopotamia and the Iraq in the Middle Ages, while they are several times met with at the present day."
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and their arrival at the Tigris. It is expressly mentioned that they forded a mountain stream, which seems to have been of some width, soon after they had passed over the Zab. But no vestige of any stream of this kind appears between
Nimroud and the Tigris. It is probable, therefore, that the Χαραδρα
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Fletcher (1850, p.75-78) described his thesis as follows: "The Tell of
Nimroud and its lately discovered treasures have excited so much interest that I trust I may be pardoned if I interrupt the course of the narrative to bestow a few remarks on the identity of this site with that of the ancient city
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As of 2020, archaeologists from the Nimrud Rescue
Project have carried out two seasons of work at the site, training native Iraqi archaeologists on protecting heritage and helping preserve the remains. Plans for reconstruction and tourism are in the works but will likely not be implemented within the
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expressly states, that they were those of the city of the
Assyrian kings who destroyed Jerusalem. They are still called, as it has been shown, both Athur and Nimroud. The evidence afforded by the examination of all the known ruins of Assyria, further identifies Nimroud with Nineveh. It would appear
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Layard, Nineveh and its
Remains, "That the ruins at Nimroud were within the precincts of Nineveh, if they do not alone mark its site, appears to be proved by Strabo, and by Ptolemy's statement that the city was on the Lycus, corroborated by the tradition preserved by the earliest Arab geographers.
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Excavations revealed remarkable bas-reliefs, ivories, and sculptures. A statue of Ashurnasirpal II was found in an excellent state of preservation, as were colossal winged man-headed lions weighing 10 short tons (9.1 t) to 30 short tons (27 t) each guarding the palace entrance. The large
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to destroy excavated remains of the city. Several videos released by ISIL showed the work in progress. In November 2016, Iraqi forces retook the site, and later visitors also confirmed that around 90% of the excavated portion of city had been completely destroyed. The ruins of Nimrud have remained
1993:
Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, Including a Journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the Ancient Ecbatani, Researches in Ispahan and the Ruins of Persepolis, and Journey from Thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the Sea-shore; Description of Bussorah, Bushire, Bahrein, Ormuz and Museat:
1655:(Mesopotamia), the province being so called from a city, of which the ruins are now to be seen near the gate of Selamiyah, a small town, about eight farsakhs east of Mosul; God, however, knows the truth." The same notice of the ruined city of Athur, or Akur, occurs under the head of "Selamiyah."
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Rich (1836, p.129) described his interpretation as follows: "I was curious to inspect the ruins of Nimrod, which I take to be the Larissa of Xenophon. They were sufficiently visible from the shore to enable me to sketch the principal mount. About a quarter of a mile from the west face of the
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Our course now lay nearly east, over a plain, which brought us in half an hour to the two heaps called Nimrod-Tuppé and Shah-Tuppé, between which we passed, without seeing any thing remarkable in them, more than common mounds of earth; though they probably might have shown vestiges of former
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directed by Janusz Meuszyński (1974–76), Paolo Fiorina (1987–89) with the Centro Ricerche Archeologiche e Scavi di Torino who concentrated mainly on Fort Shalmaneser, and John Curtis (1989). In 1974 to his untimely death in 1976 Janusz Meuszyński, the director of the Polish project, with the
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as follows: "The learned Bochart first advanced the supposition that this Assyrian city was the same as the primeval city, called Resen in the Bible and that the Greeks having asked its name were answered, Al Resen, the article being prefixed, and from whence they made Larissa, in an easy
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are a large group of ivory carvings, probably mostly originally decorating furniture and other objects, that had been brought to Nimrud from several parts of the ancient Near East, and were in a palace storeroom and other locations. These are mainly in the British Museum and the
2056:, Volume 12, page 417, quote "The title by which it is designated on the bricks and slabs that form its buildings, I read doubtfully as Levekh, and I suspect this to be the original form of the name which appears as Calah in Genesis, and Halah in Kings and Chronicles..."
1047:(2 Kings 9:2 ff. Whilst other interpretations exist, the obelisk is widely viewed by biblical archaeologists as therefore including the earliest known dedication of an Israelite. Note: all the kings of Israel were called "sons of Omri" by the Assyrians (mar means son).
363:, whose aims were to write the history of the city in ancient and modern times, to identify and record the dispersal history of artefacts from Nimrud, distributed amongst at least 76 museums worldwide (including 36 in the United States and 13 in the United Kingdom).
445:(858–823 BC) continued where his father had left off. At Nimrud he built a palace that far surpassed his father's. It was twice the size and it covered an area of about 5 hectares (12 acres) and included more than 200 rooms. He built the monument known as the Great
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1802:; "Material from Nimrud has been dispersed into museum collections across the world. This page currently lists 76 museums holding Nimrud objects, with links to online information where available. The Nimrud Project welcomes additions and amendments to the list".
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Prior to 1850, Layard believed that the site of "Nimroud" was part of the wider region of "Nineveh" (the debate as to which excavation site represented the city of Nineveh had yet to be resolved), which also included the two mounds today identified as
931:. They weigh up to 27 tonnes (30 short tons). In 1847 Layard brought two of the colossi weighing 9 tonnes (10 short tons) each including one lion and one bull to London. After 18 months and several near disasters he succeeded in bringing them to the
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Archaeological excavations at the site began in 1845, and were conducted at intervals between then and 1879, and then from 1949 onwards. Many important pieces were discovered, with most being moved to museums in Iraq and abroad. In 2013, the UK's
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from existing monuments, that the city was originally founded on the site now occupied by these mounds. From its immediate vicinity to the place of junction of two large rivers, the Tigris and the Zab, no better position could have been chosen."
988:, discovered by Layard in 1846. This stands six-and-a-half-feet tall and commemorates with inscriptions and 24 relief panels the king's victorious campaigns of 859–824 BC. It is shaped like a temple tower at the top, ending in three steps.
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A member of ISIL filmed the destruction, declaring, "These ruins that are behind me, they are idols and statues that people in the past used to worship instead of Allah. The Prophet Muhammad took down idols with his bare hands when he
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1651:, in his geographical work called the Moejem el Buldan, says, under the head of "Athur," "Mosul, before it received its present name, was called Athur, or sometimes Akur, with a kaf. It is said that this was anciently the name of
1176:. The first phase included conducting studies of the damage caused to the site, assembling an Iraqi maintenance and rehabilitation team, preservation and archiving of the city's cultural heritage in co-operation with the American
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However, the name became the cause of significant debate amongst Assyriologists in the mid-nineteenth century, with much of the discussion focusing on the identification of four Biblical cities mentioned in
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The Conquest of Assyria, Mogens Trolle Larsen, 2014, Routledge, page 217, quote: "Rawlinson explained to his audience that the large Assyrian ruin mounds could now be given their proper names: Nimrud was
423:, but their queens were buried in Kalhu. Kalhu is known today as Nimrud because the archaeologists of the 19th and 20th centuries gave it that name, believing it was the legendary city of the biblical
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identified the city with the Biblical Calah on the basis of a cuneiform reading of "Levekh" which he connected to the city following Ainsworth and Rich's connection of Xenophon's Larissa to the site.
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523:. It remained a major city and a royal residence until the city was largely destroyed during the fall of the Assyrian Empire at the hands of an alliance of former subject peoples, including the
416:
ordered the removal of debris from the towers and walls and wanted the construction of a new city. This new city would have a new royal mansion of superior size, bigger than previous monarchs'.
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says, " To the south of Mosul, the lesser (?) Zab flows into the Tigris, near the ruined city of Athur." In Reinaud's edition (vol. i. p. 289, note 11,) there is the following extract from
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296:. It was a major Assyrian city between approximately 1350 BC and 610 BC. The city is located in a strategic position 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of the point that the river
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Plan of Nimrud, by Felix Jones bef. 1920 The area excavated in the 19th century is labeled A-E. On the bottom right is Fort Shalmaneser, excavated in the mid-20th century.
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or otherwise un-Islamic; they subsequently destroyed thousands of books and manuscripts in Mosul's libraries. In February 2015, ISIL destroyed Akkadian monuments in the
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number of inscriptions dealing with king Ashurnasirpal II provide more details about him and his reign than are known for any other ruler of this epoch. The palaces of
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Kalhu was located on a prosperous route and was built of an earlier business community under Shalmaneser I (1274-1245 BCE). Through the centuries, it was in disrepair.
2615:
1160:, stated "deliberate destruction of cultural heritage constitutes a war crime". The president of the Syriac League in Lebanon compared the losses at the site to the
921:, including the famous palace reliefs. Layard discovered more than half a dozen pairs of colossal guardian figures guarding palace entrances and doorways. These are
849:
Easarhaddon cylinder from fort Shalmaneser at Nimrud. It was found in the city of Nimrud and was housed in the Iraqi Museum, Baghdad. Erbil Civilization Museum, Iraq
2012:
1150:. On April 12 2015, an online militant video purportedly showed ISIL militants hammering, bulldozing, and ultimately using explosives to blow up parts of Nimrud.
697:'s own city; and one or two of the better informed with whom I conversed at Mousul said it was Al Athur or Ashur, from which the whole country was denominated."
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Nimrud's various monuments had faced threats from exposure to the harsh elements of the Iraqi climate. Lack of proper protective roofing meant that the ancient
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Detail of a glazed terracotta tile from Nimrud, Iraq. The Assyrian king, below a parasol, is surrounded by guards and attendants. 875–850 BC. The British Museum
1451:
2013:"Julius Weber (1838–1906) and the Swiss Excavations at Nimrud in c.1860 together with Records of. Other Nineteenth-Century Antiquarian Researches at the Site"
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The "Treasure of Nimrud" unearthed in these excavations is a collection of 613 pieces of gold jewelry and precious stones. It has survived the confusions and
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wrote of "two heaps called Nimrod-Tuppé and Shah-Tuppé... The Nimrod-Tuppé has a tradition attached to it, of a palace having been built there by Nimrod".
1994:
Narrative of an Expedition Against the Pirates of the Persian Gulf, with Illustrations of the Voyage of Nearehus, and Passage by the Arabian Sea to Bombay
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mentions, "one or two of the better informed with whom I conversed at Mosul said it was Al Athur or Ashur, from which the whole country was denominated."
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1942:
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1122:, and on March 5, 2015, Iraq announced that ISIL militants had bulldozed Nimrud and its archaeological site on the basis that they were blasphemous.
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1663:: — " The city of Athur, which is in ruins, is mentioned in the Taurat (Old Testament). There dwelt the Assyrian kings who destroyed Jerusalem.""
2932:
308:. The city covered an area of 360 hectares (890 acres). The ruins of the city were found within one kilometre (1,100 yd) of the modern-day
2454:
927:, statues with a male human head, the body of a lion or bull, and wings. They have heads carved in the round, but the body at the side is in
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announced its intention to destroy the site because of its "un-Islamic" Assyrian nature. In March 2015, the Iraqi government reported that
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George Smith, Assyrian Discoveries: An Account of Explorations and Discoveries on the Site of Nineveh During 1873 to 1874, Schribner, 1875
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1845:"By Nile and Tigris: a narrative of journeys in Egypt and Mesopotamia on behalf of the British Museum between the years 1886 and 1913"
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Barbara Parker, "Nimrud Tablets, 1956: Economic and Legal Texts from the Nabu Temple", Iraq, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 125–138, 1957
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are large sculptures with portraits of these monarchs, all secured for the British Museum by Layard and the British archaeologist
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Assyrian reliefs and ivories in the Metropolitan Museum of Art: palace reliefs of Assurnasirpal II and ivory carvings from Nimrud
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briefly worked the site in 1873 and Rassam returned there from 1877 to 1879, Nimrud was left untouched for almost 60 years.
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1008:, as well as other museums. Another storeroom held the Nimrud Bowls, about 120 large bronze bowls or plates, also imported.
169:
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D. J. Wiseman, "The Nabu Temple Texts from Nimrud", Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 248–250, 1968
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2019:
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Subsequent work was by the Directorate of Antiquities of the Republic of Iraq (1956, 1959–60, 1969–78 and 1982–92), the
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1974:
1970:
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Janusz Meuszynski, Neo-Assyrian Reliefs from the Central Area of Nimrud Citadel, Iraq, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 37-43, 1976
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and J. H. Reid, The Burnt Palace and the Nabu Temple; Nimrud Excavations, 1955, Iraq, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 22-39, 1956
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492:(726–723 BC). Tiglath-Pileser III in particular, conducted major building works in the city, as well as introducing
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were removed from the palaces and sections are now found in several museums (see gallery below), in particular the
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2833:"The Program of the Palace of Assurnasirpal II at Nimrud: Issues in the Research and Presentation of Assyrian Art"
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1531:, one of 16 metal bowls from Nimrud with a Phoenician inscription (see letters on top sketch of the side profile)
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Many of Nineveh's archeological remains were transported to the major museums of the 19th century, including the
72:
812:, working from 1845 to 1847 and from 1849 until 1851. Following Layard's departure, the work was handed over to
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The site was subsequently visited by James Phillips Fletcher in 1843. Fletcher instead identified the site with
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in 2003 in a bank vault, where it had been put away for 12 years and was "rediscovered" on June 5, 2003.
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1705:, and others mention the ruins of Athur, near Selamiyah, which gave the name of Assyria to the province; and
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in Mosul. In early 2015, they announced their intention to destroy many ancient artifacts, which they deemed
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A grand opening ceremony with festivities and an opulent banquet in 864 BC is described in an inscribed
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next decade. The first major excavation works, launched in mid-October 2022 by an excavation team from the
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Johnson, Jessica S.; Ghazi, Zaid; Hanson, Katharyn; Lione, Brian Michael; Severson, Kent (2020-08-31).
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excavations. By 800 BC Nimrud had grown to 75,000 inhabitants making it the largest city in the world.
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D. J. Wiseman, Fragments of Historical Texts from Nimrud, Iraq, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 118–124, 1964
2732:"First major dig in ancient Iraqi city since Isis destruction unearths 'significant' palace door sill"
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The name Nimrud in connection with the site in Western writings was first used in the travelogue of
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2883:, Seals and Seal Impressions from the Nimrud Excavations, Iraq, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 26–40 1962
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M. E. L. Mallowan, "The Excavations at Nimrud. 1949 Season", Sumer, vol. 6, no.1, pp. 101-102, 1950
2074:
Hormuzd Rassam and Robert William Rogers, Asshur and the land of Nimrod, Curts & Jennings, 1897
1948:
800 BC: Nimrud (Calah), Iraq: Haojing, China: Thebes, Egypt: Estimated population: 50,000 – 125,000
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M. E. L. Mallowan, "The Excavations at Nimrud (Kahlu), 1950", Sumer, vol. 7, no.1, pp. 49-54, 1951
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2616:"Iconic Ancient Sites Ravaged in ISIS's Last Stand in Iraq. National geographic 10 november 2016"
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2574:"Isis 'bulldozes' Nimrud: UNESCO condemns destruction of ancient Assyrian site as a 'war crime'"
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A similar locality was described in the Middle Ages by a number of Arabic geographers including
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M. E. L. Mallowan, Nimrud and its Remains, 3 vols, British School of Archaeology in Iraq, 1966
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One panel of the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III has an inscription which includes the name
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2495:"Isis militants continue path of destruction in Hatra by 'demolishing 2,000 year-old ruins'"
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resumed digging at Nimrud in 1949; these excavations resulted in the discovery of the 244
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Paolo Fiorina, Un braciere da Forte Salmanassar, Mesopotamia, vol. 33, pp. 167–188, 1998
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A human-headed and winged apkallu holding a pine cone and bucket for religious rituals (
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at the site were susceptible to erosion from wind-blown sand and strong seasonal rains.
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in 1820, shortly before his death. Rich identified the site with the city of Larissa in
276:, biblical name Calah) located in Iraq, 30 kilometres (20 mi) south of the city of
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2853:
2816:
2777:
2717:
2705:
2432:"Iraq: Isis militants pledge to destroy remaining archaeological treasures in Nimrud"
2137:
1848:
1754:
1652:
1180:. Phase 2 was launched in October 2019 with the goal to restore the northern palace.
870:
have been located. Portions of the site have been also been identified as temples to
293:
2948:
Metropolitan Museum: Digital Reconstruction of the Northwest Palace, Nimrud, Assyria
1035:
originally translated this in 1850 as "Yahua, son of Hubiri", a year later reverend
3143:
2845:
2755:
2697:
1937:
1922:
1477:
1270:
1251:
950:
also transported a 36-tonne (40-short-ton) colossus from Khorsabad to Chicago. The
943:
863:
731:
670:
224:
57:
34:
2701:
2136:, Nimrud: An Imperial City Revealed, British School of Archaeology in Iraq, 2001,
1788:
3434:
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3332:
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2180:
1702:
1648:
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1201:
647:
567:
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469:
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453:
442:
413:
328:
309:
281:
269:
261:
254:
2993:
2685:
3029:
1800:
The Nimrud Project at Oracc.org: Museums worldwide holding material from Nimrud
1626:
1461:
1442:
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1371:
1355:
1339:
1316:
1236:
1000:
996:
981:
932:
835:
813:
719:
629:
481:
473:
457:
360:
289:
2560:
2344:
3388:
3327:
2857:
2709:
1852:
1656:
1289:
1036:
947:
758:
715:
704:
in 1837. Ainsworth, like Rich, identified the site with Larissa (Λάρισσα) of
674:
571:
555:
Ruins of a similarly located Assyrian city named "Larissa" were described by
512:
489:
477:
409:
371:
367:
184:
171:
1188:, reported the discovery of a door sill slab with inscriptions in December.
3373:
3161:
1508:
1228:
1153:
1119:
961:
831:
2915:
Narrative of a residence in Koordistan, and on the site of ancient Nineveh
2776:, Pelican History of Art, 4th ed 1970, Penguin (now Yale History of Art),
938:
Additional 27-tonne (30-short-ton) colossi were transported to Paris from
3128:
1573:
1550:
1059:
524:
516:
157:
27:
3028:
1134:, and the companions of the prophet did this after this time, when they
596:
379:
guarded by Iraqi forces ever since. Reconstruction work is in progress.
3337:
3166:
2129:
669:: "From that land he went to Assyria, where he built Nineveh, the city
666:
544:
435:
408:
The city was established from a previous settlement during the rule of
3180:
2957:
2865:
2832:
1904:"The Neo-Assyrian Period (ca.1000-609 BCE)", in A Companion to Assyria
1890:
1878:
1866:
1066:
were important to scholarly deduction of the history of the alphabet.
3353:
3317:
3156:
3151:
3123:
3098:
3070:
2384:"Isis destroys thousands of books and manuscripts in Mosul libraries"
999:. These show scenes of hunting, warfare, ritual and processions. The
939:
540:
508:
465:
375:
305:
301:
1138:." ISIL declared an intention to destroy the restored city gates in
1085:
Archaeological site of Nimrud before destruction, 1:33, UNESCO video
885:
882:, the god of writing and the arts, and as extensive fortifications.
3133:
3065:
3060:
2849:
1115:
705:
690:
556:
446:
387:
3225:
280:, and 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of the village of Selamiyah (
3312:
3283:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3080:
3075:
2756:
Contested Control: The Future of Security in Iraq's Nineveh Plain
2598:"Outcry over Isis destruction of ancient Assyrian site of Nimrud"
2349:
1402:
1331:
1308:
1143:
1139:
1096:
923:
871:
771:
735:
722:'s identification of Larissa with Resen on etymological grounds.
693:, and noted that the locals "generally believe this to have been
620:
603:
528:
520:
53:
2345:"Iraq's Nimrud before it was destroyed by Isis | Guardian Wires"
1973:. The city had been reached after crossing the "Zapatas" river (
1217:
Items excavated from Nimrud, located in museums around the world
3291:
3103:
2963:
Centro Ricerche Archeologiche e Scavi di Torino excavation site
1255:
1173:
1157:
1044:
992:
928:
855:
Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsaw
793:
694:
633:
536:
500:
of the empire, whose dialects still endure among the Christian
424:
344:
297:
33:"Kalhu" redirects here. For the village in Lorestan, Iran, see
2469:"ISIS Destroys Iraqi Archaeological Site Of Nimrud Near Mosul"
2253:, 883–859 b.c.; Neo–Assyrian period, reign of Ashurnasirpal II
1172:
A renovation program started in July 2017 with the support of
842:
becoming director in 1958 followed by Julian Orchard in 1963.
685:
The site was described in more detail by the British traveler
1563:
1147:
897:
In 1988, the Iraqi Department of Antiquities discovered four
875:
798:
754:
651:
532:
431:
420:
277:
242:
774:-proper, and his excavation publications were thus labeled.
19:
This article is about the ancient city. For other uses, see
3037:
2661:"Iraq begins phase 2 of Nimrud ancient city reconstruction"
2403:"IS 'bulldozed' ancient Assyrian city of Nimrud, Iraq says"
2295:, British Museum, accessed 6 March 2015; Frankfort, 322-331
1232:
1040:
890:
879:
578:, using the name "Athur" (meaning Assyria) near Selamiyah.
321:
147:
2274:, British Museum, accessed 6 March 2015;Frankfort, 156-164
2211:
2209:
1647:
Layard (1849, p.194) noted the following in a footnote: "
742:
has the same etymological meaning as Rehoboth in Hebrew.
230:
2904:
The monuments of Nineveh; from drawings made on the spot
1200:, the security of the ancient city is run by the ethnic
753:
mentioned that the Arabic geographers referred to it as
2683:
2518:"Islamic State 'demolishes' ancient Hatra site in Iraq"
2206:
1951:
1231:
plaque, with original gold leaf and paint, depicting a
586:
3450:
Populated places established in the 2nd millennium BC
3445:
Populated places disestablished in the 7th century BC
2968:
Archaeological site photographs at Oriental Institute
2736:
The Art Newspaper - International art news and events
2455:
ISIL video shows destruction of 7th century artifacts
227:
2306:"Ancient Assyrian Treasures Found Intact in Baghdad"
1540:
830:
A British School of Archaeology in Iraq team led by
245:
239:
2994:
The Secret of Nimrud - Photographs by Noreen Feeney
2808:
2536:"Islamic State video 'shows destruction of Nimrud'"
236:
233:
2831:
2572:
2493:
2430:
1812:
1142:. ISIL went on to do demolition work at the later
734:on the basis that the city of Birtha described by
619:1849 sketch of Layard's expedition transporting a
331:in the mid-18th century. In the mid 19th century,
327:The name Nimrud was recorded as the local name by
1814:"Isis destroyed a 3,000-year-old city in minutes"
3386:
2400:
808:Initial excavations at Nimrud were conducted by
511:(722–705 BC) moved the capital of the empire to
2897:Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon
2635:"Iraqi forces retake historical town of Nimrud"
1753:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 95.
1311:, Stelas, Statue, Relief Panels, including the
419:The kings of Assyria continued to be buried in
2924:Narrative of a Two Years' Residence at Nineveh
2774:The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient
2595:
2425:
2423:
2366:"Iraq: No Haven for Ancient World's Landmarks"
1980:
1191:
602:1851 sketch of Layard's expedition removing a
550:
3014:
2633:Williams, Sara Elizabeth (13 November 2016).
2466:
1843:Budge, Ernest Alfred Thompson Wallis (1920).
1460:, Height 195.2 cm, Width 92.5 cm, (
1167:
1106:(ISIL) occupied the area surrounding Nimrud.
427:, which is mentioned in the Book of Genesis.
2815:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
343:), based on a description of the travels of
2420:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1162:destruction of culture by the Mongol Empire
1022:
991:Series of the distinctive Assyrian shallow
984:. Also in the British Museum is the famous
917:Nimrud has been one of the main sources of
3415:Buildings and structures destroyed by ISIL
3021:
3007:
2528:
2363:
1986:
1054:were excavated from the site, such as the
714:, concluding that Nimrud was the Biblical
46:
2809:Crawford, Vaughn E.; et al. (1980).
2047:
1596:
1594:
359:funded the "Nimrud Project", directed by
3195:
2632:
1836:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1679:
1671:
1669:
1607:
1091:Destruction of cultural heritage by ISIL
1073:
956:
908:
884:
844:
792:
403:
386:
2829:
1772:
1770:
1746:
1641:
1050:A number of other artifacts considered
3387:
1694:
1591:
3002:
2763:
2394:
2215:Time Life Lost Civilizations series:
2175:
2173:
2163:
2161:
1977:) and then arriving at the Tigris ().
1957:Time Life Lost Civilizations series:
1901:
1842:
1777:Brill's Encyclopedia of Islam 1913-36
1735:Brill's Encyclopedia of Islam 1913-36
1723:
1666:
1623:preferred the identification of Resen
838:. The work continued until 1963 with
2054:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
1767:
1130:. We were ordered by our prophet to
1104:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
366:In 2015, the terrorist organization
357:Arts and Humanities Research Council
258:
2658:
1918:"The 19 greatest cities in history"
1906:. John Wiley and Sons. p. 170.
1891:https://www.worldhistory.org/Kalhu/
1879:https://www.worldhistory.org/Kalhu/
1867:https://www.worldhistory.org/Kalhu/
964:piece showing a cow suckling a calf
587:Early writings and debate over name
452:Nimrud remained the capital of the
285:
265:
13:
2802:
2401:Karim Abou Merhi (March 5, 2015).
2251:Human–headed winged lion (lamassu)
2170:
2158:
700:The site of Nimrud was visited by
680:
14:
3461:
3269:Monastery of Saint John of Dailam
2982:"Treasure of Nimrud rediscovered"
2941:
212:3.6 km (1.4 sq mi)
3179:
2585:from the original on 2022-06-21.
2506:from the original on 2022-06-21.
2443:from the original on 2022-06-21.
2364:Jane Arraf (February 11, 2009).
1543:
1520:
1501:
1485:
1469:
1450:
1430:
1414:
1395:
1388:Los Angeles County Museum of Art
1379:
1363:
1347:
1324:
1313:Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III
1301:
1282:
1275:Los Angeles County Museum of Art
1263:
1244:
1221:
1132:take down idols and destroy them
986:Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III
612:
595:
382:
223:
106:
99:
78:
71:
3425:Former populated places in Iraq
2838:American Journal of Archaeology
2749:
2724:
2677:
2652:
2626:
2608:
2596:Kareem Shaheen (7 March 2015).
2589:
2565:
2554:
2510:
2486:
2460:
2447:
2376:
2357:
2328:
2298:
2286:
2277:
2265:
2256:
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2231:
2222:
2197:
2146:
2123:
2114:
2105:
2096:
2087:
2077:
2068:
2059:
2036:
2005:
1964:
1930:
1910:
1895:
1883:
1871:
1859:
1825:from the original on 2022-06-21
1789:The Nimrud Project at Oracc.org
1559:Cities of the ancient Near East
1112:the Mosque of the Prophet Jonah
3440:History of Nineveh Governorate
3400:14th-century BC establishments
3359:Nineveh Plain Protection Units
2830:Russell, John Malcolm (1998).
2467:Morgan Winsor (5 March 2015).
2239:The Atlas Of The Ancient World
1805:
1793:
1782:
1740:
1206:Nineveh Plain Protection Units
1069:
1039:, suggested it refers to king
954:in New York has another pair.
788:
581:
107:
79:
1:
3369:Qaraqosh Protection Committee
2702:10.1080/00393630.2020.1753357
2370:The Christian Science Monitor
2272:"Assyria: Nimrud (Rooms 7–8)"
2217:Mesopotamia: The Mighty Kings
1959:Mesopotamia: The Mighty Kings
1750:The Ancient Mesopotamian City
1747:Mieroop, Marc van de (1997).
1631:Resen with Xenophon's Larissa
1625:with Nimrud (on the basis of
1198:liberation from Islamic State
1052:important to Biblical history
547:(between 616 BC and 599 BC).
395:
272:city (original Assyrian name
3410:Archaeological sites in Iraq
2561:youtube ISIS destroys Nimrud
1717:
1494:Museum of the Ancient Orient
1110:other holy sites, including
449:, and an associated temple.
56:at the North West Palace of
7:
2686:"The Nimrud Rescue Project"
1536:
1527:The first publication of a
1421:Relief with Winged Genius (
1192:Security post Islamic State
904:
725:
551:Later geographical writings
335:proposed the Assyrian name
60:before destruction in 2015.
10:
3466:
3420:Destroyed populated places
1997:. H. Colburn. p. 54.
1211:
1186:University of Pennsylvania
1168:Reconstruction of the site
1156:, the director general of
1088:
970:Statue of Ashurnasirpal II
952:Metropolitan Museum of Art
764:
32:
25:
18:
3346:
3305:
3282:
3253:
3234:
3204:
3188:
3177:
3142:
3089:
3051:
3044:
2990:posted to a message board
2934:Nimrud: The Queens' Tombs
2931:Muzahim Mahmoud Hussein,
2921:James Phillips Fletcher,
1619:William Francis Ainsworth
1579:Short chronology timeline
978:Stela of Ashurnasirpal II
878:, a building assigned to
702:William Francis Ainsworth
641:
519:(705–681 BC) moved it to
441:King Ashurnasirpal's son
208:
200:
163:
153:
135:
127:
65:
45:
3214:Rabban Hormizd Monastery
3206:Chaldean Catholic Church
2918:. Ed. by his widow, 1836
1938:"Largest Ancient Cities"
1584:
1023:Significant inscriptions
777:
745:
654:in March 1760. Niebuhr
507:However, in 706 BC
26:Not to be confused with
3405:Ancient Assyrian cities
2987:The Wall Street Journal
2788:Nineveh and Its Remains
2690:Studies in Conservation
2262:Frankfort, 156-157, 167
1902:Frahm, Eckhart (2017).
1889:Mark, Joshua J. (2014)
1877:Mark, Joshua J. (2014)
1865:Mark, Joshua J. (2014)
1847:. John Murray: London.
1458:Stela of Shamshi-Adad V
1178:Smithsonian Institution
1006:National Museum of Iraq
974:Stela of Shamshi-Adad V
866:, Shalmaneser III, and
563:in the 5th century BC.
515:, and after his death,
333:biblical archaeologists
140:Numaniyah, Al-Hamdaniya
21:Nimrud (disambiguation)
3255:Syriac Orthodox Church
3236:Syriac Catholic Church
1988:Buckingham, James Silk
1086:
965:
914:
894:
850:
805:
392:
87:Shown within Near East
3226:Tomb of Prophet Nahum
3053:Al-Hamdaniya District
2790:, John Murray, 1849 (
2622:on November 11, 2016.
1629:'s identification of
1529:Phoenician metal bowl
1089:Further information:
1084:
1064:Assyrian lion weights
1029:Ia-ú-a mar Hu-um-ri-i
960:
912:
888:
848:
796:
659:James Silk Buckingham
576:Ibn Sa'id al-Maghribi
504:of the region today.
456:during the reigns of
404:Capital of the Empire
390:
185:36.09806°N 43.32889°E
128:Alternative name
90:Show map of Near East
16:Ancient Assyrian city
3364:Nineveh Plain Forces
3306:Archaeological sites
3263:Mar Mattai Monastery
3244:Mar Behnam Monastery
1386:Eagle-headed deity (
1056:Nimrud Tablet K.3751
816:in 1853-54 and then
740:Ammianus Marcellinus
464:(810–782 BC), Queen
131:Calah, Kalakh, Kalhu
3430:Hebrew Bible cities
3220:Mar Oraha Monastery
3034:Nineveh Governorate
2977:National Geographic
2910:Claudius James Rich
2906:, John Murray, 1849
2899:, John Murray, 1853
2696:(sup1): P160–P165.
2310:National Geographic
2237:Oliphant, Margaret
2219:. (1995) p. 112–121
2043:Genesis 10:11–10:12
1407:Metropolitan Museum
1336:Tiglath-pileser III
1136:conquered countries
868:Tiglath-Pileser III
810:Austen Henry Layard
759:Claudius James Rich
757:. British traveler
751:Sir Henry Rawlinson
687:Claudius James Rich
657:In 1830, traveller
486:Tiglath-Pileser III
318:Nineveh Governorate
181: /
144:Nineveh Governorate
42:
2764:General references
2457:(26 February 2015)
2316:on October 8, 2003
2283:Frankfort, 310-322
1635:the debate in 1855
1569:Islamic Iconoclasm
1423:Walters Art Museum
1354:City under siege (
1087:
966:
919:Assyrian sculpture
915:
895:
851:
806:
434:discovered during
393:
190:36.09806; 43.32889
40:
3382:
3381:
3301:
3300:
3278:
3277:
3175:
3174:
3091:Tel Kaif District
2659:al-Taie, Khalid.
1961:. (1995) p. 100–1
1943:artoftravel.tips/
1600:Niebuhr wrote on
1235:killing a human (
1102:In mid-2014, the
1082:
946:in 1853. In 1928
488:(745–727 BC) and
412:(1274-1245 BCE).
294:Upper Mesopotamia
216:
215:
3457:
3202:
3201:
3193:
3192:
3183:
3144:Shekhan District
3049:
3048:
3045:Main settlements
3023:
3016:
3009:
3000:
2999:
2877:
2835:
2826:
2770:Frankfort, Henri
2758:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2618:. Archived from
2612:
2606:
2605:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2576:
2569:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2502:. 7 March 2015.
2497:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2464:
2458:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2434:
2427:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2398:
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2391:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2312:. Archived from
2302:
2296:
2293:The Nimrud Bowls
2290:
2284:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2220:
2213:
2204:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2177:
2168:
2165:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2024:
2018:. Archived from
2017:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1984:
1978:
1975:Xen. Anab. 3.3.6
1971:Xen. Anab. 3.4.7
1968:
1962:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1923:Business Insider
1914:
1908:
1907:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1816:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1765:
1764:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1711:
1698:
1692:
1683:
1677:
1673:
1664:
1645:
1639:
1616:
1605:
1598:
1553:
1548:
1547:
1524:
1505:
1489:
1478:Hermitage Museum
1473:
1454:
1434:
1418:
1399:
1383:
1370:Cavalry battle (
1367:
1351:
1328:
1305:
1286:
1271:Ashurnasirpal II
1267:
1252:Ashurnasirpal II
1248:
1225:
1083:
1062:. The bilingual
1017:invasion of Iraq
944:Paul Emile Botta
864:Ashurnasirpal II
718:on the basis of
616:
599:
287:
268:) is an ancient
267:
260:
252:
251:
248:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
196:
195:
193:
192:
191:
186:
182:
179:
178:
177:
174:
119:
118:Show map of Iraq
110:
109:
103:
91:
82:
81:
75:
58:Ashurnasirpal II
50:
43:
39:
35:Kolehu, Lorestan
3465:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3342:
3333:Tell Arpachiyah
3297:
3274:
3249:
3230:
3189:Religious sites
3184:
3171:
3138:
3085:
3040:
3027:
2984:, article from
2944:
2823:
2805:
2803:Further reading
2766:
2761:
2754:
2750:
2741:
2739:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2682:
2678:
2669:
2667:
2657:
2653:
2643:
2641:
2631:
2627:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2594:
2590:
2579:The Independent
2571:
2570:
2566:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2543:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2524:. 7 March 2015.
2516:
2515:
2511:
2500:The Independent
2492:
2491:
2487:
2477:
2475:
2465:
2461:
2452:
2448:
2439:. 27 Feb 2015.
2437:The Independent
2429:
2428:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2399:
2395:
2382:
2381:
2377:
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2340:Wayback Machine
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2015:
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1819:The Independent
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1532:
1525:
1516:
1513:Brooklyn Museum
1506:
1497:
1490:
1481:
1474:
1465:
1455:
1446:
1441:made in Egypt (
1435:
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1419:
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1368:
1359:
1352:
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1320:
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1278:
1268:
1259:
1249:
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1226:
1214:
1204:security force
1194:
1170:
1146:ruined city of
1128:went into Mecca
1093:
1074:
1072:
1025:
907:
889:Remains of the
791:
783:Henry Rawlinson
780:
767:
748:
728:
683:
681:Larissa / Resen
648:Carsten Niebuhr
644:
639:
638:
637:
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625:
624:
623:
617:
608:
607:
606:
600:
589:
584:
568:Yaqut al-Hamawi
553:
494:Eastern Aramaic
470:Adad-nirari III
462:Adad-nirari III
454:Assyrian Empire
443:Shalmaneser III
414:Ashurnasirpal I
406:
398:
385:
329:Carsten Niebuhr
226:
222:
189:
187:
183:
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3266:
3259:
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3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3240:
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3223:
3217:
3210:
3208:
3199:
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3170:
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3159:
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3106:
3101:
3095:
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3084:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3057:
3055:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3030:Nineveh Plains
3026:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2979:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2958:Kalhu / Nimrud
2955:
2950:
2943:
2942:External links
2940:
2939:
2938:
2929:
2919:
2907:
2902:A. H. Layard,
2900:
2895:A. H. Layard,
2893:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:Barbara Parker
2878:
2850:10.2307/506096
2844:(4): 655–715.
2827:
2822:978-0870992605
2821:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2786:A. H. Layard,
2784:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2748:
2723:
2676:
2651:
2625:
2607:
2588:
2581:. 6 Mar 2015.
2564:
2553:
2542:. 7 March 2015
2527:
2509:
2485:
2459:
2446:
2419:
2393:
2390:. 26 Feb 2015.
2375:
2356:
2327:
2297:
2285:
2276:
2264:
2255:
2243:
2230:
2228:Frankfort, 154
2221:
2205:
2196:
2185:pcma.uw.edu.pl
2169:
2157:
2145:
2122:
2113:
2104:
2095:
2086:
2076:
2067:
2058:
2046:
2035:
2004:
1979:
1963:
1950:
1929:
1909:
1894:
1882:
1870:
1858:
1835:
1821:. 2017-01-06.
1804:
1792:
1781:
1766:
1759:
1739:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1693:
1678:
1665:
1640:
1633:), summarised
1606:
1589:
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1462:British Museum
1456:
1449:
1447:
1443:British Museum
1439:Nimrud ivories
1436:
1429:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1411:
1401:
1394:
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1372:British Museum
1369:
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1356:British Museum
1353:
1346:
1344:
1340:British Museum
1330:
1323:
1321:
1317:British Museum
1307:
1300:
1298:
1288:
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1269:
1262:
1260:
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1237:British Museum
1227:
1220:
1218:
1213:
1210:
1196:Following the
1193:
1190:
1169:
1166:
1108:ISIL destroyed
1071:
1068:
1024:
1021:
1001:Nimrud Ivories
997:British Museum
982:Hormuzd Rassam
933:British Museum
906:
903:
893:temple in 2008
836:Nimrud Letters
818:William Loftus
814:Hormuzd Rassam
790:
787:
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776:
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588:
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552:
549:
484:(754–746 BC),
482:Ashur-nirari V
480:(772–755 BC),
476:(782–773 BC),
474:Shalmaneser IV
472:(806–782 BC),
468:(810–806 BC),
460:(822–811 BC),
458:Shamshi-Adad V
405:
402:
397:
394:
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361:Eleanor Robson
339:(the Biblical
290:Nineveh Plains
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3328:Dur-Sharrukin
3326:
3324:
3321:
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3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3271:(7th century)
3270:
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3260:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3246:(4th century)
3245:
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3227:
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3222:(6th century)
3221:
3218:
3215:
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2639:The Telegraph
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2149:
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2142:0-903472-25-2
2139:
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2126:
2117:
2108:
2099:
2090:
2080:
2071:
2062:
2055:
2050:
2044:
2039:
2025:on 2022-01-10
2021:
2014:
2008:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1976:
1972:
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1960:
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1760:9780191588457
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1476:Two archers (
1472:
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1337:
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1295:
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1290:Assyrian lion
1285:
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1100:
1098:
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1067:
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1057:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1037:Edward Hincks
1034:
1030:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1002:
998:
994:
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
963:
959:
955:
953:
949:
948:Edward Chiera
945:
941:
936:
934:
930:
926:
925:
920:
911:
902:
901:at the site.
900:
899:queens' tombs
892:
887:
883:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
859:
856:
847:
843:
841:
837:
833:
828:
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821:
819:
815:
811:
803:
800:
795:
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773:
762:
760:
756:
752:
743:
741:
737:
733:
723:
721:
717:
713:
712:
707:
703:
698:
696:
692:
688:
678:
676:
672:
668:
662:
660:
655:
653:
650:, who was in
649:
635:
631:
622:
615:
605:
598:
579:
577:
573:
569:
564:
562:
558:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
513:Dur Sharrukin
510:
505:
503:
499:
498:lingua franca
495:
491:
490:Shalmaneser V
487:
483:
479:
478:Ashur-dan III
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
439:
437:
436:archeological
433:
428:
426:
422:
417:
415:
411:
410:Shalmaneser I
401:
389:
383:Early history
380:
377:
373:
372:Islamic State
369:
368:Islamic State
364:
362:
358:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
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323:
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311:
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203:
199:
194:
166:
162:
159:
156:
152:
149:
145:
141:
138:
134:
130:
126:
115:Nimrud (Iraq)
102:
74:
64:
59:
55:
49:
44:
36:
29:
22:
3374:Dwekh Nawsha
3322:
2985:
2953:Nimrud/Calah
2933:
2923:
2913:
2903:
2896:
2841:
2837:
2811:
2787:
2773:
2751:
2740:. Retrieved
2738:. 2022-12-07
2735:
2726:
2693:
2689:
2679:
2668:. Retrieved
2664:
2654:
2642:. Retrieved
2638:
2628:
2620:the original
2610:
2602:The Guardian
2601:
2591:
2578:
2567:
2556:
2544:. Retrieved
2539:
2530:
2521:
2512:
2499:
2488:
2476:. Retrieved
2472:
2462:
2453:Al Jazeera:
2449:
2436:
2410:. Retrieved
2406:
2396:
2388:The Guardian
2387:
2378:
2359:
2348:
2336:Ghostarchive
2334:Archived at
2330:
2318:. Retrieved
2314:the original
2300:
2288:
2279:
2267:
2258:
2246:
2241:(1992) p. 32
2238:
2233:
2224:
2216:
2199:
2188:. Retrieved
2184:
2148:
2125:
2116:
2107:
2098:
2089:
2079:
2070:
2065:Layard, 1849
2061:
2049:
2038:
2027:. Retrieved
2020:the original
2007:
1998:
1992:
1982:
1966:
1958:
1953:
1941:
1932:
1921:
1912:
1903:
1897:
1885:
1873:
1861:
1838:
1827:. Retrieved
1818:
1807:
1795:
1784:
1749:
1742:
1696:
1688:Ten Thousand
1681:
1643:
1509:Tree of life
1229:Nimrud ivory
1195:
1182:
1171:
1154:Irina Bokova
1152:
1124:
1120:Mosul Museum
1101:
1094:
1049:
1028:
1026:
1010:
990:
967:
962:Nimrud ivory
937:
922:
916:
896:
860:
852:
832:Max Mallowan
829:
825:George Smith
822:
820:in 1854–55.
807:
801:
781:
768:
749:
729:
709:
699:
684:
673:, Calah and
663:
656:
645:
565:
560:
554:
506:
497:
451:
440:
429:
418:
407:
399:
365:
353:
340:
336:
326:
273:
218:
217:
3036:, northern
2973:More images
2644:13 November
2134:David Oates
1574:Nimrud lens
1551:Asia portal
1070:Destruction
1060:Nimrud Slab
840:David Oates
789:Excavations
671:Rehoboth-Ir
582:Archaeology
525:Babylonians
517:Sennacherib
312:village of
188: /
164:Coordinates
158:Mesopotamia
28:Birs Nimrud
3389:Categories
3338:Tepe Gawra
2926:, Volume 2
2782:0140561072
2742:2023-01-03
2670:2023-01-03
2190:2020-07-08
2130:Joan Oates
2029:2019-02-25
1829:2017-04-13
1653:el Jezireh
1116:idolatrous
1015:after the
667:Genesis 10
572:Abu'l-Fida
545:Cimmerians
396:Foundation
376:bulldozers
349:Genesis 10
300:meets its
288:), in the
204:Settlement
176:43°19′44″E
173:36°05′53″N
3354:Peshmerga
3318:Shibaniba
3197:Christian
3157:Dashqotan
3152:Ain Sifni
3124:Sharafiya
3099:Tel Keppe
3071:Karamlesh
2874:191618390
2858:0002-9114
2718:219037067
2710:0039-3630
2084:Calah..."
1853:558957855
1718:Citations
1033:Rawlinson
940:Khorsabad
804:at Nimrud
541:Scythians
529:Chaldeans
509:Sargon II
502:Assyrians
466:Semiramis
374:had used
306:Great Zab
302:tributary
3347:See also
3134:Khatarah
3066:Bartella
3061:Qaraqosh
2665:Diyaruna
2583:Archived
2546:13 April
2504:Archived
2441:Archived
2412:March 5,
2338:and the
2181:"Nimrud"
2153:D. Oates
1990:(1830).
1823:Archived
1707:Ibn Said
1661:Ibn Said
1657:Abulfeda
1537:See also
1294:Pergamon
1202:Assyrian
1144:Parthian
1058:and the
905:Artworks
732:Rehoboth
726:Rehoboth
711:Anabasis
706:Xenophon
691:Xenophon
632:and the
561:Anabasis
557:Xenophon
537:Persians
447:Ziggurat
314:Noomanea
310:Assyrian
286:السلامية
270:Assyrian
136:Location
3313:Balawat
3284:Yazidis
3167:Ba'adra
3114:Tesqopa
3109:Batnaya
3081:Bahzani
3076:Bashiqa
2478:8 March
2350:YouTube
2320:6 March
1737:, p.923
1627:Bochart
1403:Lamassu
1332:Lamassu
1309:Lamassu
1212:Gallery
1140:Nineveh
1097:reliefs
1031:Whilst
1013:looting
993:reliefs
924:lamassu
872:Ninurta
802:in situ
772:Nineveh
765:Nineveh
736:Ptolemy
720:Bochart
621:Lamassu
604:Lamassu
559:in his
521:Nineveh
496:as the
266:النمرود
54:lamassu
3435:Nimrod
3395:Nimrud
3323:Nimrud
3294:(1414)
3292:Lalish
3162:Qasrok
3119:Baqofa
3104:Alqosh
2937:. 2016
2928:, 1850
2872:
2866:506096
2864:
2856:
2819:
2796:Vol. 2
2792:Vol. 1
2780:
2716:
2708:
2140:
1851:
1757:
1621:, who
1292:hunt (
1256:Louvre
1174:UNESCO
1158:UNESCO
1045:Israel
929:relief
823:After
695:Nimrod
642:Nimrud
634:Louvre
543:, and
425:Nimrod
345:Nimrod
298:Tigris
282:Arabic
262:Arabic
255:Syriac
219:Nimrud
154:Region
41:Nimrud
3265:(363)
3216:(640)
3129:Bozan
2975:from
2870:S2CID
2862:JSTOR
2714:S2CID
2023:(PDF)
2016:(PDF)
1703:Yakut
1649:Yakut
1602:p.355
1585:Notes
1564:Hatra
1148:Hatra
876:Enlil
799:stele
778:Calah
755:Athur
746:Ashur
716:Resen
675:Resen
652:Mosul
533:Medes
432:stele
421:Assur
341:Calah
337:Kalḫu
278:Mosul
274:Kalḫu
259:ܢܢܡܪܕ
3038:Iraq
2854:ISSN
2817:ISBN
2794:and
2778:ISBN
2706:ISSN
2646:2016
2548:2015
2480:2015
2414:2015
2322:2015
2138:ISBN
2132:and
1849:OCLC
1755:ISBN
1437:Two
1233:lion
1041:Jehu
976:and
968:The
891:Nabu
880:Nabu
874:and
738:and
574:and
322:Iraq
304:the
209:Area
201:Type
148:Iraq
3032:in
2846:doi
2842:102
2698:doi
2540:BBC
2522:BBC
2473:IBT
2407:AFP
1334:of
1043:of
942:by
708:'s
677:".
347:in
316:in
292:in
3391::
2912:,
2868:.
2860:.
2852:.
2840:.
2836:.
2772:,
2734:.
2712:.
2704:.
2694:65
2692:.
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2471:.
2435:.
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2183:.
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2160:^
1940:.
1920:.
1817:.
1769:^
1725:^
1668:^
1609:^
1593:^
1208:.
972:,
797:A
570:,
539:,
535:,
531:,
527:,
351:.
324:.
320:,
284::
264::
257::
253:;
243:uː
146:,
142:,
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246:d
240:r
237:ˈ
234:m
231:ɪ
228:n
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