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216:(UNO) in June 1985. UNO/FARN began competing for the loyalties of Pastora's ARDE remnants. In early 1986, most of Pastora's commanders agreed to align with Chamorro, and in May, Pastora quit the struggle with a handful of remaining followers. However, FDN leaders were always ambivalent about supporting UNO/South. In January 1987, the Southern Front withdrew from UNO, citing broken promises. The Southern Front was brought back on board for the
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FARN's tiny force, estimated at thirty men, participated in the FDN's
Operation Marathon in late September 1983. Despite instructions not to attack the border post at El Espino, to avoid offending Honduran authorities who liked to deny that Nicaraguan rebels were based on their soil, they did so. The
151:(FDN). Dissenters broke away over the issue and continued to call themselves the UDN-FARN. The FDN would grow into the dominant Contra organization, but Cardenal himself soon fell out of power after alienating his allies in the Contra movement. The breakaway UDN-FARN, under
205:(ARDE), on September 23, 1981. However, Pastora and his advisers sought to begin talks with the Sandinistas rather than immediately initiating armed struggle. By March, El Negro's impatience led him to break with Pastora and ally with the FDN.
178:, and agreed to unite in a new organization, the Nicaraguan Democratic Force. The Chamorro brothers refused to accept the merger, and split off their faction, retaining the UDN-FARN name.
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An armed wing, the
Nicaraguan Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARN), was created under Edmundo Chamorro. Orlando Bolaños was chief of staff, and by February 1981, Raúl Arana was in
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A three-man political commission was set up for the FDN, with
Cardenal as its coordinator, his ally Mariano Mendoza from the UDN, and
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publicly made his break with the
Sandinistas. The UDN-FARN became a founding member of the rebel organization Pastora was forming in
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as coordinator of combat operations. Around May 1981, Edmundo
Chamorro received $ 50,000 from the Argentine government.
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136:'s military junta. However, they conditioned further aid on the UDN unifying its efforts with those of former
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from the Legion. The FDN's executive committee in Miami also included many who had been involved in the UDN.
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110:, among its growing community of exiles from Nicaragua's middle class. It established an armed wing, the
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On August 11, 1981, Raúl Arana and
Orlando Bolaños from the UDN met with Legion leader
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fighting crossed over the border, leading the
Honduran government to expel El Negro.
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Banana
Diplomacy: The Making of American Policy in Nicaragua 1981-1987
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Back in Costa Rica, UDN-FARN joined the new rebel umbrella group, the
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Everybody Had His Own Gringo: The CIA & the
Contras
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Cardenal accepted, creating a merged organization, the
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The UDN attracted interest from the steadfastly anti-
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43:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
155:, remained a small force throughout the war.
118:Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias Nicaragüenses
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271:Organizations of the Nicaraguan Revolution
132:, and also received limited funding from
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193:In April 1981, El Negro's old friend
112:Nicaraguan Revolutionary Armed Forces
266:Guerrilla movements in Latin America
231:Nicaragua: Revolution in the Family
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98:) was founded in late 1980 by
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214:United Nicaraguan Opposition
153:Fernando "El Negro" Chamorro
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29:This article includes a
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218:Nicaraguan Resistance
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140:who had served the
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31:list of references
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56:introducing
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