Nicaragua - Knowledge

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was the pension reforms, the uprisings that spread across the country reflected many grievances about the government's time in office, and that the fight is for President Ortega and his vice president, his wife, to step down. April 24, 2018 marked the day of the greatest march in opposition of the Sandinista party. On May 2, 2018, university-student leaders made a public announcement giving the government seven days to set a date and time for a dialogue that was promised to the people due to the recent events of repression. The students also scheduled another peaceful protest march on that same day. As of May 2018, estimates of the death toll were as high as 63, many of them student protesters, and the wounded totalled more than 400. Following a working visit from May 17 to 21, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights adopted precautionary measures aimed at protecting members of the student movement and their families after testimonies indicated the majority of them had suffered acts of violence and death threats for their participation. In the last week of May, thousands who accuse Mr. Ortega and his wife of acting like dictators joined in resuming anti-government rallies after attempted peace talks have remained unresolved. Open suppression of political dissent and more militarized policing began in April 2018, but the onset of repression was gradual.

1623: 1556: 2309:, the "hot land" of tropical Spanish America at elevations under 610 metres (2,000 ft). Temperatures remain virtually constant throughout the year, with highs ranging between 29.4 and 32.2 °C (85 and 90 °F). After a dry season lasting from November to April, rains begin in May and continue to October, giving the Pacific lowlands 1,016 to 1,524 millimetres (40 to 60 in) of precipitation. Good soils and a favourable climate combine to make western Nicaragua the country's economic and demographic centre. The southwestern shore of Lake Nicaragua lies within 24 kilometres (15 mi) of the Pacific Ocean. Thus the lake and the San Juan River were often proposed in the 19th century as the longest part of a canal route across the Central American isthmus. Canal proposals were periodically revived in the 20th and 21st centuries. Roughly a century after the opening of the 2250: 1248: 3754:

market stall operators. Some work alone, but others labor in the small talleres (workshops/factories) that are responsible for a large share of the country's industrial production. Because informal sector earnings are generally very low, few families can subsist on one income. Like most Latin American nations Nicaragua is also characterized by a very small upper-class, roughly 2% of the population, that is very wealthy and wields the political and economic power in the country that is not in the hands of foreign corporations and private industries. These families are oligarchical in nature and have ruled Nicaragua for generations and their wealth is politically and economically horizontally and vertically integrated.

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Tobacco, grown in the same northern highlands region as coffee, has become an increasingly important cash crop since the 1990s, with annual exports of leaf and cigars in the neighborhood of $ 200 million per year. Soil erosion and pollution from the heavy use of pesticides have become serious concerns in the cotton district. Yields and exports have both been declining since 1985. Today most of Nicaragua's bananas are grown in the northwestern part of the country near the port of Corinto; sugarcane is also grown in the same district.

2519: 2709: 4471: 5575: 3248: 112: 2121: 3409: 16673: 3632:(PPP) in 2008 was estimated at US$ 17.37 billion. Agriculture represents 15.5% of GDP, the highest percentage in Central America. Remittances account for over 15% of the Nicaraguan GDP. Close to one billion dollars are sent to the country by Nicaraguans living abroad. The economy grew at a rate of about 4% in 2011. By 2019, given restrictive taxes and a civil conflict, it recorded a negative growth of - 3.9%; the International Monetary Fund forecast for 2020 is a further decline of 6% due to COVID-19. 4498: 15080: 1406: 1742: 3093: 3217: 3124: 3062: 5403: 98: 197: 5087: 3347: 3155: 3440: 3031: 2359:, or "temperate land", at elevations between 610 and 1,524 metres (2,000 and 5,000 ft), the highlands enjoy mild temperatures with daily highs of 23.9 to 26.7 °C (75 to 80 °F). This region has a longer, wetter rainy season than the Pacific lowlands, making erosion a problem on its steep slopes. Rugged terrain, poor soils, and low population density characterize the area as a whole, but the northwestern valleys are fertile and well settled. 14888: 5702: 3827: 1603: 3313: 5151: 3808: 3738: 4508: 3378: 3279: 10398:

Caribbean....England established a protectorate over the local Miskito Indians, who the region is named after, and the area was a British dependency from 1740 to 1786. In Nicaragua the British founded the principal Miskito coast city of Bluefields... There are about 30,000 native speakers of English in this area of Nicaragua who look to Bluefields as their centre... The English of the anglophone Corn Islands is also typically Caribbean.

2612: 2065:. As a result, Nicaragua is one of five countries in the world where abortion is illegal with no exceptions. Legislative and presidential elections took place on November 5, 2006. Ortega returned to the presidency with 37.99% of the vote. This percentage was enough to win the presidency outright, because of a change in electoral law which lowered the percentage requiring a runoff election from 45% to 35% (with a 5% margin of victory). 2333: 3859: 4318: 4101: 14207: 804: 761: 742: 709: 690: 1538:, to resign for fear he was leading an insurrection. Mena fled Managua with his brother, the chief of police of Managua, to start an insurrection. After Mena's troops captured steam boats of an American company, the U.S. delegation asked President Díaz to ensure the safety of American citizens and property during the insurrection. He replied he could not, and asked the U.S. to intervene in the conflict. 3586: 3841: 4809:. In many communities, a rich lore has grown up around the celebrations of patron saints, such as Managua's Saint Dominic (Santo Domingo), honored in August with two colorful, often riotous, day-long processions through the city. The high point of Nicaragua's religious calendar for the masses is neither Christmas nor Easter, but La Purísima, a week of festivities in early December dedicated to the 1527:, Nicaragua's potential to destabilize the region, and Zelaya's attempts to regulate foreign access to Nicaraguan natural resources. On November 18, 1909, U.S. warships were sent to the area after 500 revolutionaries (including two Americans) were executed by order of Zelaya. The U.S. justified the intervention by claiming to protect U.S. lives and property. Zelaya resigned later that year. 14076: 5392: 1853:, citing the brutality and numerous human rights violations of the Contras, alleging that health centers, schools, and cooperatives were destroyed by rebels, and that murder, rape, and torture occurred on a large scale in Contra-dominated areas. The U.S. also carried out a campaign of economic sabotage, and disrupted shipping by planting underwater mines in Nicaragua's port of 5005:

government in 1980 was an extensive and successful literacy campaign, using secondary school students, university students and teachers as volunteer teachers: it reduced the overall illiteracy rate from 50.3% to 12.9% within only five months. This was one of a number of large-scale programs which received international recognition for their gains in

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Atlantic) which contain volcanoes, tropical rainforests, and agricultural land. The majority of the eco-lodges and other environmentally-focused touristic destinations are found on Ometepe Island, located in the middle of Lake Nicaragua just an hour's boat ride from Granada. While some are foreign-owned, others are owned by local families.

8843:"...Finds that the United States of America, by producing in 1983 a manual entitled "Operaciones sicológicas en guerra de guerrillas", and disseminating it to Contra forces, has encouraged the commission by them of acts contrary to general principles of humanitarian law." As seen at: International Court of Justice 1986, (9) 1951: 8852:"In the case of shooting "a citizen who was trying to leave the town or city in which the guerrillas are carrying out armed propaganda or political proselytism," the manual suggests that the Contras "...explain that if that citizen had managed to escape, he would have alerted the enemy." As seen at: Sklar 1988, p. 179 4229:. Although many Creoles supported Somoza because of his close association with the United States, they rallied to the Sandinista cause in July 1979, only to reject the revolution soon afterwards in response to a new phase of "westernization" and imposition of central rule from Managua. There is a smaller number of 6201: 1306:. The Spanish tried to convert the tribes to Christianity; Macuilmiquiztli's tribe was baptized, but Diriangén was openly hostile to the Spaniards. Western Nicaragua, at the Pacific Coast, became a port and shipbuilding facility for the Galleons plying the waters between Manila, Philippines and Acapulco, Mexico. 5278: 1931: 2958:

National Police work separately and have a different established set of norms than the nation's military. According to a recent US Department of State report, corruption is endemic, especially within law enforcement and the judiciary, and arbitrary arrests, torture, and harsh prison conditions are the norm.

4743:. Catholic bishops are expected to lend their authority to important state occasions, and their pronouncements on national issues are closely followed. They can be called upon to mediate between contending parties at moments of political crisis. In 1979, Miguel D'Escoto Brockman, a priest who had embraced 2187:. Nicaragua initially chose not to join the Paris Climate Accord because it felt that "much more action is required" by individual countries on restricting global temperature rise. However, in October 2017, Nicaragua made the decision to join the agreement. It ratified this agreement on November 22, 2017. 13668: 3753:

Nicaragua's informal sector workers include tinsmiths, mattress makers, seamstresses, bakers, shoemakers, and carpenters; people who take in laundry and ironing or prepare food for sale in the streets; and thousands of peddlers, owners of small businesses (often operating out of their own homes), and

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in the 1980s, much of the country's infrastructure was damaged or destroyed. Transportation throughout the nation is often inadequate. For example, it was until recently impossible to travel all the way by highway from Managua to the Caribbean coast. A new road between Nueva Guinea and Bluefields was

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due to the number of lagoons and lakes, and the chain of volcanoes that runs from the north to the south along the country's Pacific side. Today, only 7 of the 50 volcanoes in Nicaragua are considered active. Many of these volcanoes offer some great possibilities for tourists with activities such as

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sector slowed in the first decade of the 21st century with rising competition from Asian markets, particularly China. Land is the traditional basis of wealth in Nicaragua, with great fortunes coming from the export of staples such as coffee, cotton, beef, and sugar. Almost all of the upper class and

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In December 1974, a group of the FSLN, in an attempt to kidnap U.S. ambassador Turner Shelton, held some Managuan partygoers hostage after killing the party's host, former agriculture minister Jose Maria Castillo, until the Somoza government met their demands for a large ransom and free transport to

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in the 16th century. Nicaragua gained independence from Spain in 1821. The Mosquito Coast followed a different historical path, being colonized by the English in the 17th century and later coming under British rule. It became an autonomous territory of Nicaragua in 1860 and its northernmost part was

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In 2009, a Special Ombudsman for Sexual Diversity position was created within its Office of the Human Rights Ombudsman. And, in 2014, the Health Ministry in 2014 banned discrimination based on gender identity and sexual orientation. Nevertheless, discrimination against LGBTQ individuals is common,

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for its citizens. However, limitations of current delivery models and unequal distribution of resources and medical personnel contribute to the persistent lack of quality care in more remote areas of Nicaragua, especially among rural communities in the Central and Atlantic region. To respond to the

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The diaspora has seen Nicaraguans settling around in smaller communities in other parts of the world, particularly Western Europe. Small communities of Nicaraguans are found in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Communities also exist in Australia and New Zealand.

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The eruptions of western Nicaragua's 40 volcanoes, many of which are still active, have sometimes devastated settlements but also have enriched the land with layers of fertile ash. The geologic activity that produces vulcanism also breeds powerful earthquakes. Tremors occur regularly throughout the

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were held to oppose a decree increasing taxes and reducing benefits in the country's pension system. Local independent press organizations had documented at least 19 dead and over 100 missing in the ensuing conflict. A reporter from NPR spoke to protestors who explained that while the initial issue

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and a fear of armed opposition from Sandino, Somoza García ordered his assassination. Sacasa invited Sandino for dinner and to sign a peace treaty at the Presidential House on the night of February 21, 1934. After leaving the Presidential House, Sandino's car was stopped by National Guard soldiers

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formed the cosmogenic view of the world of the indigenous people. Some of these stories are still known in Nicaragua. Like many Latin American countries, the Spanish conquerors have had the most effect on both the culture and the literature. Nicaraguan literature has historically been an important

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A 1985 government study classified 69.4 percent of the population as poor on the basis that they were unable to satisfy one or more of their basic needs in housing, sanitary services (water, sewage, and garbage collection), education, and employment. The defining standards for this study were very

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The clashes among Spanish forces did not impede their destruction of the indigenous people and their culture. The series of battles came to be known as the "War of the Captains". Pedro Arias Dávila was a winner; although he lost control of Panama, he moved to Nicaragua and established his base in

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Relative to its population, Nicaragua has not experienced large waves of immigration. The number of immigrants in Nicaragua, from other Latin American countries or other countries, never surpassed 1% of its total population before 1995. The 2005 census showed the foreign-born population at 1.2%,

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aims to be ecologically and socially conscious; it focuses on local culture, wilderness, and adventure. Nicaragua's ecotourism is growing with every passing year. It boasts a number of ecotourist tours and perfect places for adventurers. Nicaragua has three eco-regions (the Pacific, Central, and

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Mining is becoming a major industry in Nicaragua, contributing less than 1% of gross domestic product (GDP). Restrictions are being placed on lumbering due to increased environmental concerns about destruction of the rain forests. But lumbering continues despite these obstacles; indeed, a single

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Force (in Spanish: La Policía Nacional Nicaragüense) is the national police of Nicaragua. The force is in charge of regular police functions and, at times, works in conjunction with the Nicaraguan military, making it an indirect and rather subtle version of a gendarmerie. However, the Nicaraguan

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Nicaragua is home to a rich variety of plants and animals. Nicaragua is located in the middle of the Americas and this privileged location has enabled the country to serve as host to a great biodiversity. This factor, along with the weather and light altitudinal variations, allows the country to

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Baseball was introduced to Nicaragua during the 19th century. In the Caribbean coast, locals from Bluefields were taught how to play baseball in 1888 by Albert Addlesberg, a retailer from the United States. Baseball did not catch on in the Pacific coast until 1891 when a group of mostly college

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By 2006, tourism became the second-largest industry in Nicaragua. Previously, tourism had grown about 70% nationwide during a period of 7 years, with rates of 10%–16% annually. The increase and growth led to the income from tourism to rise more than 300% over a period of 10 years. The growth in

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Nicaragua is primarily an agricultural country; agriculture constitutes 60% of its total exports which annually yield approximately US$ 300 million. Nearly two-thirds of the coffee crop comes from the northern part of the central highlands, in the area north and east of the town of Estelí.

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in 1986, found, "the United States of America was under an obligation to make reparation to the Republic of Nicaragua for all injury caused to Nicaragua by certain breaches of obligations under customary international law and treaty-law committed by the United States of America". During the war

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Nicaragua is considering construction of a canal linking the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, which President Daniel Ortega has said will give Nicaragua its "economic independence". Scientists have raised concerns about environmental impacts, but the government has maintained that the canal will

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Every year about 60,000 U.S. citizens visit Nicaragua, primarily business people, tourists, and those visiting relatives. Some 5,300 people from the U.S. reside in Nicaragua. The majority of tourists who visit Nicaragua are from the U.S., Central or South America, and Europe. According to the

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The urban lower class is characterized by the informal sector of the economy. The informal sector consists of small-scale enterprises that utilize traditional technologies and operate outside the legal regime of labor protections and taxation. Workers in the informal sector are self-employed,

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The restrictive tax measures put in place in 2019 and a political crisis over social security negatively affected the country's weak public spending and investor confidence in sovereign debt. According to the update IMF forecasts from 14 April 2020, due to the COVID-19 outbreak, GDP growth is

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Nicaragua's tropical east coast is very different from the rest of the country. The climate is predominantly tropical, with high temperature and high humidity. Around the area's principal city of Bluefields, English is widely spoken along with the official Spanish. The population more closely

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The Sandinistas forcefully took power in July 1979, ousting Somoza, and prompting the exodus of the majority of Nicaragua's middle class, wealthy landowners, and professionals, many of whom settled in the United States. The Carter administration decided to work with the new government, while

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Primary education is free in Nicaragua. A system of private schools exists, many of which are religiously affiliated and often have more robust English programs. As of 1979, the educational system was one of the poorest in Latin America. One of the first acts of the newly elected Sandinista

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Rural workers are dependent on agricultural wage labor, especially in coffee and cotton. Only a small fraction hold permanent jobs. Most are migrants who follow crops during the harvest period and find other work during the off-season. The "lower" peasants are typically smallholders without

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English-speaking protestants formed the majority of the population until about 1900...indigenous anglophones still form about 85 per cent of the population, which also includes non-anglophone Black Caribs...At least at the level of arolectal Whites, the accent is rhotic though obviously

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The Somoza family was among a few families or groups of influential firms which reaped most of the benefits of the country's growth from the 1950s to the 1970s. When Somoza was deposed by the Sandinistas in 1979, the family's worth was estimated to be between $ 500 million and $

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sufficient land to sustain a family; they also join the harvest labor force. The "upper" peasants have sufficient resources to be economically independent. They produce enough surplus, beyond their personal needs, to allow them to participate in the national and world markets.

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is a mixture of Spanish food and dishes of a pre-Columbian origin. Traditional cuisine changes from the Pacific to the Caribbean coast. The Pacific coast's main staple revolves around local fruits and corn, the Caribbean coast cuisine makes use of seafood and the coconut.

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Dance in Nicaragua varies depending upon the region. Rural areas tend to have a stronger focus on movement of the hips and turns. The dance style in cities focuses primarily on more sophisticated footwork in addition to movement and turns. Combinations of styles from the

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reached an agreement that Sandino would cease his guerrilla activities in return for amnesty, a land grant for an agricultural colony, and retention of an armed band of 100 men for a year. However, due to a growing hostility between Sandino and National Guard director

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after conducting a farcical election in 1856; his presidency lasted less than a year. Military forces from Costa Rica, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua itself united to drive Walker out of Nicaragua in 1857, bringing three decades of Conservative rule.

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has stated his intention to use tourism to combat poverty throughout the country. The results for Nicaragua's tourism-driven economy have been significant, with the nation welcoming one million tourists in a calendar year for the first time in its history in 2010.

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in 11%. A Japanese research of "Genomic Components in America's demography" demonstrated that, on average, the ancestry of Nicaraguans is 58–62% European, 28% Native American, and 14% African, with a very small Near Eastern contribution. Non-genetic data from the

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The majority of the Nicaraguan population is composed of mestizos, roughly 69%, while 17% of Nicaragua's population is white, with the majority of them being of Spanish descent, while others are of German, Italian, English, Turkish, Danish or French ancestry.

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was created by the eruption of the Apoyo Volcano about 23,000 years ago, which left a huge 7 km-wide crater that gradually filled with water. It is surrounded by the old crater wall. The rim of the lagoon is lined with restaurants, many of which have

1696:, the eldest son of the late president, was appointed president by the congress and officially took charge of the country. He is remembered by some as moderate, but after only a few years in power died of a heart attack. His successor as president was 5360:

and Spanish. It's regarded as one of Latin America's most distinctive colonial-era expressions and as Nicaragua's signature folkloric masterpiece. El Güegüense is a work of resistance to Spanish colonialism that combined music, dance and theatre. The

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Nicaragua occupies a landmass of 130,967 km (50,567 sq mi), which makes it slightly larger than England. Nicaragua has three distinct geographical regions: the Pacific lowlands – fertile valleys which the Spanish colonists settled, the

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and disseminating it to the Contras. The manual, among other things, advised on how to rationalize killings of civilians. The U.S. also sought to place economic pressure on the Sandinistas, and the Reagan administration imposed a full trade embargo.

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In the 19th century, Nicaragua experienced modest waves of immigration from Europe. In particular, families from Germany, Italy, Spain, France and Belgium immigrated to Nicaragua, particularly the departments in the Central and Pacific region.

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Fue elevada a ciudad en 1846 y salomónicamente declarada capital de la República en 1852, para dirimir el viejo conflicto entre las urbes coloniales de León (occidente) y Granada (oriente) que rivalizaban por ejercer la hegemonía política de

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emerged in the 1970s and 1980s among deaf children as the first special education schools brought them together, and its emergence became of particular interest to linguists as an opportunity to directly observe the creation of a language.

8940: 2782:(president). Nevertheless, it was argued that the true reason for this proposal was to find a legal way for President Ortega to stay in power after January 2012, when his second and last government period was expected to end. Ortega was 4929:

The Civil War forced many Nicaraguans to start lives outside of their country. Many people emigrated during the 1990s and the first decade of the 21st century due to the lack of employment opportunities and poverty. The majority of the

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and Nicaragua signed an agreement to write off 30.6 million dollars, which was borrowed by the Nicaraguan government in the 1980s. Inflation reduced from 33,500% in 1988 to 9.45% in 2006, and the foreign debt was cut in half.

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on the Atlantic side of Nicaragua but did not encounter any indigenous people. 20 years later, the Spaniards returned to Nicaragua, this time to its southwestern part. The first attempt to conquer Nicaragua was by the conquistador

10821: 3681:, a root crop somewhat similar to the potato, is an important food in tropical regions. Cassava is also the main ingredient in tapioca pudding. Nicaragua's agricultural sector has benefited because of the country's strong ties to 5522:", a thick tortilla with soft cheese and cream, "tajadas" (deep-fried plantain chips), "maduros" (a sautéed ripe plantain), and "fresco" (fresh juices such as hibiscus and tamarind commonly served in a plastic bag with a straw). 3685:. It is estimated that Venezuela will import approximately $ 200 million in agricultural goods. In the 1990s, the government initiated efforts to diversify agriculture. Some of the new export-oriented crops were peanuts, 1645:

to replace the marines who had long reigned in the country. Somoza García slowly eliminated officers in the national guard who might have stood in his way, and then deposed Sacasa and became president on January 1, 1937, in a

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region is irrigated by several large rivers and is sparsely populated. The area has 57% of the territory of the nation and most of its mineral resources. It has been heavily exploited, but much natural diversity remains. The

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has become extremely popular in Managua's nightclubs. With various influences, the form of salsa dancing varies in Nicaragua. New York style and Cuban Salsa (Salsa Casino) elements have gained popularity across the country.

5051:. When it came to global rankings regarding gender equality, the World Economic Forum ranked Nicaragua at number twelve in 2015, and in its 2020 report Nicaragua ranked number five, behind only northern European countries. 4766:(LDS Church) has been growing rapidly since the 1990s. There is a significant LDS missionary effort in Nicaragua. There are two missions and 95,768 members of the LDS Church (1.54% of the population). There are also strong 9945: 4208:

and mainly resides on the country's Caribbean (or Atlantic) coast. The black population is mostly composed of black English-speaking Creoles who are the descendants of escaped or shipwrecked slaves; many carry the name of

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in the Central highlands has been expanded, and other hydroelectric projects have been undertaken to help provide electricity to the nation's newer industries. Nicaragua has long been considered as a possible site for a

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in the north. The Nicaraguan jungles, which represent about 9,700 square kilometres (2.4 million acres), are considered the lungs of Central America and comprise the second largest-sized rainforest of the Americas.

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but also including Native American sounds and flavors. Nicaraguan culture can further be defined in several distinct strands. The Pacific coast has strong folklore, music and religious traditions, deeply influenced by

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Fishing boats on the Caribbean side bring shrimp as well as lobsters into processing plants at Puerto Cabezas, Bluefields, and Laguna de Perlas. A turtle fishery thrived on the Caribbean coast before it collapsed from

5117:. It was colonized by Spain and has a similar culture to other Spanish-speaking Latin American countries. The indigenous groups that historically inhabited the Pacific coast have largely been assimilated into the 2773:

Between 2007 and 2009, Nicaragua's major political parties discussed the possibility of going from a presidential system to a parliamentary system. Their reason: there would be a clear differentiation between the

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is the largest river in Central America; it forms the border with Honduras. The Caribbean coastline is much more sinuous than its generally straight Pacific counterpart; lagoons and deltas make it very irregular.

2179:. Nicaragua has made efforts to become less dependent on fossil fuels, and it expects to acquire 90% of its energy from renewable resources by 2020. Nicaragua was one of the few countries that did not enter an 180: 8234:"SOMOZA'S NATION CALLED HIS FIEF; Rule of Nicaraguan General, Beginning With 1935 Coup, Was Seldom Challenged PRESIDENT FIRST IN '37 Graduate of Business School in U.S., He Acquired Great Wealth During Regime" 5870: 2790:; both elections were tainted by credible reports of large-scale fraud, voter intimidation, and politically motivated arrests of opposition party leaders. Independent observers were barred from the polls. The 13912: 13786: 11705: 5852: 13825: 12576: 1050:(Spanish for 'water'), to reference the fact that there are two large lakes and several other bodies of water within the country. However, as of 2002, it was determined that the cacique's real name was 5259:

is popular in Nicaragua. A considerable amount of Bachata dancing influence comes from Nicaraguans living abroad, in cities that include Miami, Los Angeles and, to a much lesser extent, New York City.

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Northern Nicaragua is the most diversified region producing coffee, cattle, milk products, vegetables, wood, gold, and flowers. Its extensive forests, rivers and geography are suited for ecotourism.

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have been in open conflict. The latter has been accused of using the police to harass clergy (including bishops), closing down Catholic media outlets, and arresting members of the clergy (including

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resulted in the re-election of Ortega, with a landslide 62.46% of the vote. In 2014 the National Assembly approved changes to the constitution allowing Ortega to run for a third successive term.

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is the biggest city, with an estimated population of 1,042,641 in 2016. In 2005, over 5 million people lived in the Pacific, Central and North regions, and 700,000 in the Caribbean region.

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benefit the country by creating new jobs and potentially increasing its annual growth to an average of 8% per year. The project was scheduled to begin construction in December 2014, however the

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provided $ 60 million in aid to Nicaragua under the Sandinistas, but the aid was suspended when the administration obtained evidence of Nicaraguan shipment of arms to El Salvadoran rebels.

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They engaged in a systematic campaign of terror among rural Nicaraguans to disrupt the social reform projects of the Sandinistas. Several historians have criticized the Contra campaign and the

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destroyed nearly 90% of Managua, including much of its infrastructure. Instead of helping to rebuild the city, Somoza siphoned off relief money. The mishandling of relief money also prompted

2995:(municipalities). The two autonomous regions are the North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region and South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region, often referred to as RACCN and RACCS, respectively. 954:, with a population of 1,055,247 as of 2020. Nicaragua's multiethnic population includes people of mestizo, indigenous, European, and African heritage. The country's most spoken language is 15411: 1594:

and they kidnapped him. Later that night, Sandino was assassinated by National Guard soldiers. Later, hundreds of men, women, and children from Sandino's agricultural colony were murdered.

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Popular religion revolves around the saints, who are perceived as intercessors between human beings and God. Most localities, from the capital of Managua to small rural communities, honor

1681:(19 December). Only Romania reciprocated, declaring war on Nicaragua on the same day (19 December 1941). No soldiers were sent to the war, but Somoza García confiscated properties held by 1358:, compounded by neglect by the Spaniards, who controlled their subsistence. Many other indigenous peoples were captured and transported as slaves to Panama and Peru between 1526 and 1540. 7397:

Citing Andre Gschaedler, "Mexico and the Pacific, 1540 - 1565: The Voyage of Villabos and Legazpi and the Preparations Made for Them," (Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 1954), 40.

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is the most popular sport in Nicaragua. Although some professional Nicaraguan baseball teams have recently folded, the country still enjoys a strong tradition of American-style baseball.

2465:, in the Caribbean lowlands. Bonanza still contains an active gold mine owned by HEMCO. Siuna and Rosita do not have active mines but panning for gold is still very common in the region. 8823: 2023:, and corruption; liberal and Sandinista parliament members combined to strip the presidential powers of President Bolaños and his ministers, calling for his resignation and threatening 15628: 12975: 10480: 4409:

during the British colonial period and European, Chinese, Arab, and British West Indian immigrants, also speak Miskito Coast Creole as their first language and Spanish as their second.

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According to the World Bank, Nicaragua ranked as the 123rd out of 190 best economy for starting a business. In 2007, Nicaragua's economy was labelled "62.7% free" by the conservative

13133: 9616: 10813: 9881: 9294: 1890:, which were judged by at least one visiting 30-person delegation of NGO representatives to have been free and fair, the Sandinistas won the parliamentary election and their leader 1777:(FSLN). After the 1972 earthquake and Somoza's apparent corruption, the ranks of the Sandinistas were flooded with young disaffected Nicaraguans who no longer had anything to lose. 13291: 11683: 5136:, etc. Unlike on the west coast, the indigenous peoples of the Caribbean coast have maintained distinct identities, and some still speak their native languages as first languages. 989:

The mixture of cultural traditions has generated substantial diversity in folklore, cuisine, music, and literature, including contributions by Nicaraguan poets and writers such as

14175: 9935: 9111:"Case concerning military and paramilitary activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America), International Court of Justice, Order of 26 september 1991" 10589: 4368:

as a first language and some other indigenous and Afro-descendants people as a second, third, or fourth language, is the most commonly spoken indigenous language. The indigenous

13167:

Angel-Urdinola D, Cortez R, Tanabe K. (2008). Equity, Access to Health Care Services and Expenditures on Health in Nicaragua. Health, Nutrition and Population of the World Bank.

1992:(from below). Chamorro came to office with an economy in ruins, primarily because of the financial and social costs of the Contra War with the Sandinista-led government. In the 1348:

Without women in their parties, the Spanish conquerors took Nahua and Chorotega wives and partners, beginning the multiethnic mix of indigenous and European stock now known as "

5533:. Tapirs, iguanas, turtle eggs, armadillos and boas are also sometimes eaten, but because of extinction threats to these wild creatures, there are efforts to curb this custom. 4249:– consisting of the eastern half of the country – into two autonomous regions and granted the black and indigenous people of this region limited self-rule within the republic. 3721:

Nicaragua's minimum wage is among the lowest in the Americas and in the world. Remittances are equivalent to roughly 15% of the country's gross domestic product. Growth in the

1641:, who ruled for 43 nonconsecutive years during the 20th century. The Somoza family came to power as part of a U.S.-engineered pact in 1927 that stipulated the formation of the 11765: 11645: 8996: 6064: 1785:. Somoza granted the demand, and then subsequently sent his national guard out into the countryside to look for the kidnappers, who were described by opponents as terrorists. 6316: 9475: 8175: 5169:

and others common across Central America. The marimba of Nicaragua is played by a sitting performer holding the instrument on his knees. He is usually accompanied by a bass

13185:

Birn AE, Zimmerman S, Garfield R. (2000). To decentralize or not to decentralize, is that the question? Nicaraguan health policy under structural adjustment in the 1990s. I

11795: 9418: 14280: 12997: 5547:

For most Nicaraguans radio and TV are the main sources of news. There are more than 100 radio stations and several TV networks. Cable TV is available in most urban areas.

4405:. The majority speak Miskito Coast Creole as their first language and Spanish as their second. The Creole or Kriol people, descendants of enslaved Africans brought to the 3765:, for use among its members. In essence, this means that the Nicaraguan córdoba will be replaced with the Sucre. Other nations that will follow a similar pattern include: 2362:

The area has a cooler climate than the Pacific lowlands. About a quarter of the country's agriculture takes place in this region, with coffee grown on the higher slopes.

1773:

looked back to the historical figure of Sandino, and along with two other people, one of whom was believed to be Casimiro Sotelo, who was later assassinated, founded the

1622: 9912: 9354: 4344:

when speaking. Although Spanish is spoken throughout, the country has great variety: vocabulary, accents and colloquial language can vary between towns and departments.

10449: 9057: 8527: 2320:

In addition to its beach and resort communities, the Pacific lowlands contains most of Nicaragua's Spanish colonial architecture and artifacts. Cities such as León and

6268: 4398:, descendants of indigenous and Afro-descendant people who came to Nicaragua from Honduras in the early twentieth century, have recently attempted to revitalize their 2439: 2355:

The central highlands are a significantly less populated and economically developed area in the north, between Lake Nicaragua and the Caribbean. Forming the country's

1723:

in an airplane accident. Even the economic elite were reluctant to support Somoza, as he had acquired monopolies in industries that were key to rebuilding the nation.

1310: 13068: 12088: 6624: 2557:

There are currently 78 protected areas in Nicaragua, covering more than 22,000 square kilometres (8,500 sq mi), or about 17% of its landmass. These include

15668: 15404: 14110: 10733: 9502: 4967:

Although Nicaragua's health outcomes have improved over the past few decades with the efficient utilization of resources relative to other Central American nations,

1802:

attaching a provision for aid forfeiture if it was found to be assisting insurgencies in neighboring countries. Somoza fled the country, and eventually ended up in

13920: 13778: 11386: 11279: 9026: 7808: 7519: 7477: 4747:, served in the government as foreign minister when the Sandinistas came to power. The largest denomination, and traditionally the religion of the majority, is the 12181: 12152: 11713: 9387: 8346: 2035:" was averted partially by pressure from the Central American presidents, who vowed not to recognize any movement that removed Bolaños; the U.S., the OAS, and the 1798:

and ardent opponent of Somoza, was assassinated. It is alleged that the planners and perpetrators of the murder were at the highest echelons of the Somoza regime.

1505:

Throughout the late 19th-century, the United States and several European powers considered various schemes to link the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic by building a

657: 7390: 6352: 1548:

was signed, giving the U.S. control over a proposed canal through Nicaragua, as well as leases for potential canal defenses. After the U.S. Marines left, another

15753: 15748: 15743: 15738: 15733: 15728: 15723: 15718: 15713: 15708: 15703: 15698: 15693: 13994: 12315: 10843: 8589: 8065: 918:, comprising 130,370 km (50,340 sq mi). With a population of 7,142,529 as of 2024, it is the third-most populous country in Central America after 14049: 6833: 3730:

low; housing was considered substandard if it was constructed of discarded materials with dirt floors or if it was occupied by more than four persons per room.

1905:

In 1983 the U.S. Congress prohibited federal funding of the Contras, but the Reagan administration illegally continued to back them by covertly selling arms to

12568: 9794: 5687: 3643:, 48% of the population of Nicaragua live below the poverty line, 79.9% of the population live with less than $ 2 per day, According to UN figures, 80% of the 8666: 6769: 5460:, is made with white rice and small red beans that are cooked individually and then fried together. The dish has several variations including the addition of 4145:

There is a growing expatriate community, the majority of whom move for business, investment or retirement from across the world, such as from the US, Canada,

2225:. On 9 June 2021, Nicaragua launched a new volcanic supersite research in strengthening the monitoring and surveillance of the country's 21 active volcanoes. 13321: 12951: 9817: 8691: 5124:

The Caribbean coast of Nicaragua was once a British protectorate. English is still predominant in this region and spoken domestically along with Spanish and

997:, the second-largest rainforest of the Americas. The biological diversity, warm tropical climate and active volcanoes make Nicaragua an increasingly popular 13502: 10895: 9589: 6445: 15397: 12530: 9141: 7615: 5946: 2292:. Lake Nicaragua is the largest freshwater lake in Central America (20th largest in the world), and is home to some of the world's rare freshwater sharks ( 951: 12036: 5592:

students from the United States formed "La Sociedad de Recreo" (Society of Recreation) where they played various sports, baseball being the most popular.

1177:

At the end of the 15th century, western Nicaragua was inhabited by several indigenous peoples related by culture to the Mesoamerican civilizations of the

16782: 16777: 13690: 13609: 10781: 9851: 8694: 6383: 13202: 12440: 11866: 10616: 1846:

with funding, weapons, and training. The Contras operated from camps in the neighboring countries of Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south.

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require membership in the FSLN. Opposition media has been repressed through arrests of journalists and seizure of broadcasting and printing materials.

1850: 1010: 13855: 11088: 3943:

news program, the main attractions in Nicaragua for tourists are the beaches, the scenic routes, the architecture of cities such as León and Granada,

3501: 9210: 6414: 4299:. In the 19th century, there was a substantial indigenous minority, but this group was largely assimilated culturally into the mestizo majority. The 1298:

of Nicaragua. There he encountered an indigenous Nahua tribe led by chief Macuilmiquiztli, whose name has sometimes been erroneously referred to as "

8264: 8241: 6681: 15773: 9528: 5158:

costume, which is a traditional costume worn to dance the Mestizaje dance. The costume demonstrates the Spanish influence upon Nicaraguan clothing.

4983:

dynamic needs of localities, the government has adopted a decentralized model that emphasizes community-based preventive and primary medical care.

2088:(FAD), having promoted boycotts of the elections, claimed that 70% of voters had abstained (while election officials claimed 65.8% participation). 1014: 643: 14218: 13268: 12921: 11826: 11499: 9237: 8638: 8558: 8407: 7366: 7049: 6712: 15960: 15014: 11302: 10951: 4763: 10873: 9155: 7868: 978:

in 1960. Since its independence, Nicaragua has undergone periods of political unrest, dictatorship, occupation and fiscal crisis, including the

15638: 13480: 12887: 12347: 12308: 11356: 8820: 8372: 1455:

rose to undisputed preeminence as the nation's capital in 1852 to allay the rivalry between the two feuding cities. Following the start of the

14192: 13943:"Baseball's Perfect Games: Dennis Martinez, Montreal Expos|. Also, Everth Cabrera who MLB debut was in 2009 season with San Diego Padres" 13724: 13229: 12972: 10759: 10472: 3532: 2530:

harbor 248 species of amphibians and reptiles, 183 species of mammals, 705 bird species, 640 fish species, and about 5,796 species of plants.

1498:, President of Nicaragua from 1893 to 1909, negotiated the integration of the Mosquito Coast into Nicaragua. In his honor, the region became " 16747: 15546: 15111: 13347: 12415: 12256: 11331: 11143: 10696: 8098: 6811: 6658: 4271:(also known as Maribios or Hokan Xiu). The central region and the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua were inhabited by indigenous peoples who were 2272:

In the west of the country, these lowlands consist of a broad, hot, fertile plain. Punctuating this plain are several large volcanoes of the

1867: 765: 11976: 11941: 11193: 10929: 10562: 9263: 16767: 13143: 12751: 12006: 11427: 10642: 10359: 9612: 6235: 6094: 3875:

tourism has also positively affected the agricultural, commercial, and finance industries, as well as the construction industry. President

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The low plains of the Atlantic Coast are 97 km (60 mi) wide in areas. They have long been exploited for their natural resources.

1555: 815: 14244: 13942: 12606: 12492: 11245: 9873: 9647: 9286: 2588:, where it is often referred to as the "Nicaragua shark". Nicaragua has recently banned freshwater fishing of the Nicaragua shark and the 16335: 13299: 11675: 10528: 10090: 9677: 7593: 5030: 2001: 1843: 1581:(national guard), a combined military and police force trained and equipped by the Americans and designed to be loyal to U.S. interests. 15389: 14154: 14125: 12635: 11739: 10585: 10502: 8789: 8492: 7898: 6129: 1523:

In 1909, the United States supported the forces rebelling against President Zelaya. U.S. motives included differences over the proposed

14617: 14311: 1981:, the widow of Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal, defeated the Sandinistas. The defeat shocked the Sandinistas, who had expected to win. 1899: 612: 13381: 8324: 8208: 5922: 4391:

and the vast majority speaking Spanish. Linguists have attempted to document and revitalize the language over the past three decades.

2915:. The other elements and manpower that were not devoted to the national police were sent over to cultivate the new Army of Nicaragua. 2828: 15582: 11653: 10674: 8988: 8016: 1876: 713: 13100: 11773: 11622: 11588: 8429: 6055: 5101:'s most distinctive colonial-era expressions and as Nicaragua's signature folkloric masterpiece combining music, dance, and theatre. 4336:

has many indigenous influences and several distinguishing characteristics. For example, some Nicaraguans have a tendency to replace

15633: 15566: 14702: 12688:"Aqui Nicaragua Documentary, Program by Carlos Fernando Chamorro. Programa Inaugural de Aqui Nicaragua, Idiosincracia Nicaragüense" 12496: 12286: 9764: 9471: 7276: 1440:, a country later known as the Federal Republic of Central America. Nicaragua definitively became an independent republic in 1838. 12470: 10290: 10194: 9995:"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material" 9707: 9558: 8179: 7964: 7237: 6308: 1467:

and Lake Nicaragua. Invited by the Liberals in 1855 to join their struggle against the Conservatives, the American adventurer and

16655: 15935: 14981: 14976: 14465: 11803: 11440: 9410: 9176: 8966: 5664: 4671: 3541: 3510: 2801:'s election in 2006, liberal democratic norms and individual rights in practice have deteriorated. Parties other than the ruling 2542: 2538: 2462: 216: 16703: 14277: 13634: 13046: 13021: 12993: 12856: 8290: 7921: 6565: 4372:

of Mayangna and Ulwa are spoken by the respective peoples of the same names. Many Miskito, Mayangna, and Sumo people also speak

3718:

that could supplement the Panama Canal, connecting the Caribbean Sea (and therefore the Atlantic Ocean) with the Pacific Ocean.

2084:

was announced in October. Ortega was reported by Nicaraguan election officials as having received 72% of the vote. However, the

1229:

around 1200 CE. Additionally, there were trade-related colonies in Nicaragua set up by the Aztecs starting in the 14th century.

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Making the First Global Trade Route: The Southeast Asian Foundations of the Acapulco–Manila Galleon Trade, 1519-1650 (Page 163)

5021:. The Sandinistas also added a leftist ideological content to the curriculum, which was removed after 1990. In September 1980, 3470: 1490:

since 1655, delegated the area to Honduras in 1859 before transferring it to Nicaragua in 1860. The Mosquito Coast remained an

1421: 1354:", which constitutes the great majority of the population in western Nicaragua. Many indigenous people were killed by European 11892: 11223: 9971: 9904: 9346: 8043: 5072:

in 2017. It reflects gender-based inequalities in three dimensions - reproductive health, empowerment, and economic activity.

2076:(his fourth overall). International monitoring of the elections was initially prohibited, and as a result the validity of the 1329:. Córdoba soon built defenses for the cities and fought against incursions by other conquistadors. Córdoba was later publicly 16752: 14365: 13418: 13176:

Sequeira M, Espinoza H, Amador JJ, Domingo G, Quintanilla M, and de los Santos T. (2011). The Nicaraguan Health System. PATH.

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The marimba is made with hardwood plates placed over bamboo or metal tubes of varying lengths. It is played with two or four

3909: 1518: 15491: 13447: 12721: 6257: 2249: 1044:

during his entry into southwestern Nicaragua in 1522. This theory holds that the name Nicaragua was formed from Nicarao and

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who is regarded as the most important literary figure in Nicaragua. He is called the "Father of Modernism" for leading the

5194:

which is popular throughout the country. It is especially loud and celebrated during the Palo de Mayo festival in May. The

3758: 3705: 3640: 2984: 2802: 1774: 1238: 14388: 12552:

Baracco, L (2005). "From Acquiescence to Ethnic Militancy: Costeno Responses to Sandinista Anti-Imperialist Nationalism".

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https://search-ebscohost-com.lpclibrary.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=282331&site=ehost-live

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Sánchez, Edwin (16 September 2002). "No hubo Nicarao, todo es invento" [There was no Nicarao, it's all invented].

6616: 4915:

population is estimated at 12,000. The Chinese arrived in the late 19th century but were unsubstantiated until the 1920s.

1584:

After the U.S. Marines withdrew from Nicaragua in January 1933, Sandino and the newly elected administration of President

1345:

León. In 1527, León became the capital of the colony. Through diplomacy, Arias Dávila became the colony's first governor.

16757: 16450: 15653: 15007: 14785: 14682: 14355: 14324: 13972: 11378: 11271: 11005: 9018: 5739: 5658: 5550:

The Nicaraguan print media are varied and partisan, representing pro and anti-government positions. Publications include

4733: 1437: 1436:. In July 1823, after the overthrow of the Mexican monarchy in March of the same year, Nicaragua joined the newly formed 561: 514: 9377: 7062:, interpretation of statement: "the native peoples were linguistically and culturally similar to the Aztec and the Maya" 6343: 5654: 5578: 4942:

Canada, Brazil and Argentina host small groups of these communities. In Asia, Japan hosts a small Nicaraguan community.

3408: 2805:

have been repressed through arbitrary arrest and detention of opposition candidates and activists. Most government jobs

2676: 1365:

volcano erupted, destroying the city of León. The city was rebuilt northwest of the original, which is now known as the

16573: 14516: 14350: 13998: 13555: 11410: 8900: 7705: 7387: 7022: 6928: 6591: 5327:, Alberto Cuadra Mejia, Manolo Cuadra, Pablo Alberto Cuadra Arguello, Orlando Cuadra Downing, Alfredo Alegría Rosales, 4113: 3185: 2962: 1674: 1549: 1429: 1131: 746: 347: 328: 10847: 10167: 8581: 8072: 6946: 5377:

as "a patrimony of humanity". After centuries of popular performance, the play was first published in a book in 1942.

4175:: 17.7 per 1,000 as of 2017. The death rate was 4.7 per 1,000 during the same period according to the United Nations. 2648: 1894:

won the presidential election. The Reagan administration criticized the elections as a "sham" based on the claim that

1789: 15995: 15509: 15104: 14851: 14558: 14091: 14039: 13819: 13325: 11137: 10390: 8920: 8753: 8163: 7221: 6841: 5968:

The Latin American Socio-Religious Studies Program / Programa Latinoamericano de Estudios Sociorreligiosos (PROLADES)

3830: 2824: 2695: 2569:. There are more than 1,400 animal species classified thus far in Nicaragua. Some 12,000 species of plants have been 2092: 1966: 1887: 1865:

as illegal. The court also found that the U.S. encouraged acts contrary to humanitarian law by producing the manual

1806:, where he was assassinated in September 1980, allegedly by members of the Argentinian Revolutionary Workers' Party. 1535: 11062: 9786: 8663: 8350: 7649: 5657:

has served as a venue for both baseball and football. The first ever national football-only stadium in Managua, the

1988:

was achieved with a 55% majority. Chamorro was the first woman president of Nicaragua. Ortega vowed he would govern

1875:

The Sandinistas were also accused of human rights abuses including torture, disappearances and mass executions. The

16762: 16325: 15658: 15476: 15359: 15329: 15234: 14415: 12391: 11303:"Nicaragua Plans to Sell Over $ 200 Million to Venezuela – CentralAmericaData :: The Regional Business Portal" 9736: 9730:

European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies / Revista Europea de Estudios Latinoamericanos y Del Caribe

9448: 8870: 7418: 6777: 5468:

on the Caribbean coast. Most Nicaraguans begin their day with gallo pinto. Gallo pinto is most usually served with

5398:, a Nicaraguan dish served with boiled yuca and chicharrones (fried pork with skin) and topped with a cabbage salad 4900: 4831: 4259:

The remaining 5% of Nicaraguans are indigenous, the descendants of the country's original inhabitants. Nicaragua's

2787: 2783: 2195: 2073: 2066: 2054: 2008: 1993: 1974: 1393: 12943: 12175:"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" 12066: 10224: 3092: 2546: 1247: 14627: 14612: 14440: 14420: 14149: 13510: 12600:"¿La Costa Pacífica de América Central y América del sur Como Zona de Difusión Lexical?: Primeras Aproximaciones" 12522: 10979: 10903: 10896:"Field Listing :: GDP - composition, by sector of origin — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency" 9581: 6535: 6437: 5938: 4729: 3657:, with high levels of fiscal, government, labor, investment, financial, and trade freedom. It ranked as the 61st 3247: 2791: 2655: 2337: 2081: 1753: 1444: 1294:, who had arrived in Panama in January 1520. In 1522, González Dávila ventured to the area that later became the 388: 12028: 11512:

CITATION: Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. The Country Studies Series. Published 1988–1999.

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people in Nicaragua. This community numbers about 30,000. There is an East Asian community mostly consisting of

2900: 16425: 15835: 15000: 14506: 14460: 14304: 13755: 8831: 7986: 7181: 4357: 3991:

available. Besides exploring the forest around it, many water sports are practiced in the lagoon, most notably

3123: 2991:) and two self-governing regions (autonomous communities) based on the Spanish model. The departments are then 2818: 2763: 2633: 2058: 1914: 1862: 1637:

Nicaragua has experienced several military dictatorships, the longest being the hereditary dictatorship of the

1448: 1425: 1378: 866: 694: 13694: 13601: 11942:"Foreign investment Increases by 79.1% in Nicaragua – CentralAmericaData :: The Regional Business Portal" 10788: 9847: 6375: 3216: 111: 16533: 16500: 16455: 14750: 14651: 14622: 14607: 14538: 14345: 14267: 13206: 12432: 11487: 10612: 5227:. Cumbia dancing has grown popular with the introduction of Nicaraguan artists, including Gustavo Leyton, on 4135:

and other races. This fluctuates with changes in migration patterns. The population is 58% urban as of 2013.

3812: 2891:. There are roughly 14,000 active duty personnel, which is much less compared to the numbers seen during the 2222: 1700:, whom most Nicaraguans viewed "as nothing more than a puppet of the Somozas". Somoza García's youngest son, 1242: 1209:

dialect and also came from Chiapas, around 1200 CE. Prior to that, the Nicaraos had been associated with the

890: 494: 14231: 13809: 4698: 4303:

are also present, mainly on the Caribbean Coast. They are a people of mixed African and Indigenous descent.

3061: 16460: 16035: 15354: 15097: 14755: 14745: 14528: 14450: 14430: 13847: 12118: 11096: 8268: 5042: 3983: 3844: 2954: 2947: 2938: 2662: 2191: 2015:

succeeding him as president. However, Alemán was convicted and sentenced in 2003 to 20 years in prison for

1410: 856: 376: 6406: 3346: 3154: 2550: 2431: 2254: 994: 16290: 15419: 14455: 14445: 14410: 14139: 10418: 9202: 7182:

von Humboldt, Alexander; Poynter, J. Ryan; Altamirano Rayo, Giorleny D; Kraft, Tobias (25 January 2013).

6197: 6161: 5668: 5646: 4452: 4430: 4341: 4337: 2992: 2847: 2580:

is a species of shark that can survive for an extended period of time in fresh water. It can be found in

1839: 1835: 1471: 1214: 969:

Originally inhabited by various indigenous cultures since ancient times, the region was conquered by the

474: 399: 42: 9524: 8233: 7761: 4112:, European ancestry predominates in 69% of Nicaraguans, followed by African ancestry in 20%, and lastly 3439: 3030: 2533:

The region of great forests is located on the eastern side of the country. Rainforests are found in the

1281:

became the first European known to have reached what is now Nicaragua as he sailed southeast toward the

983: 16603: 16370: 16305: 16265: 15561: 15284: 14215: 14210: 13716: 13260: 12913: 12554:

Nicaragua: The Imagining of a Nation. From Nineteenth-Century Liberals to Twentieth-Century Sandinistas

9676:(in Spanish). Organization of American States. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. 25 May 2018. 9233: 8642: 8550: 8403: 7676: 7358: 7041: 6720: 5729: 2896: 2895:. Although the army has had a rough military history, a portion of its forces, which were known as the 2836: 2629: 2585: 2324:

abound in colonial architecture; founded in 1524, Granada is the oldest colonial city in the Americas.

1977:, a coalition of anti-Sandinista parties from both the left and right of the political spectrum led by 1918: 1858: 1810: 1697: 1689: 1577: 1541: 1464: 1382: 1370: 1186: 842: 63: 17: 14971: 12826: 11914: 10956: 7860: 5970: 4164:, particularly in Costa Rica, the United States, Spain, Canada, and other Central American countries. 3709:

completed in 2019 and allows regular bus service to the capital. The Centroamérica power plant on the

3479: 3278: 2644: 2545:. This biome groups together the greatest biodiversity in the country and is largely protected by the 2534: 1607: 1590: 15334: 14792: 14672: 14594: 14496: 14297: 13946: 11525: 10869: 9728:

Dammert, Lucía, and Mary Fran T. Malone. “From Community Policing to Political Police in Nicaragua.”

5734: 4709: 4054: 3952: 3658: 2854: 2794:, United States, and European Union all described the 2021 election as a "sham" due to these issues. 2570: 2085: 1708: 1545: 1544:

occupied Nicaragua from 1912 to 1933, except for a nine-month period beginning in 1925. In 1914, the

630: 335: 324: 117: 38: 13635:"Showcasing Nicaragua's Folkloric Masterpiece – El Gueguense – and Other Performing and Visual Arts" 13587: 13472: 13203:"National adult literacy rates (15+), youth literacy rates (15–24) and elderly literacy rates (65+)" 12879: 12358: 12319: 11574: 11348: 11171: 8380: 7185:

Views of the Cordilleras and Monuments of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas: A Critical Edition

5128:. Its culture is similar to that of Caribbean nations that were or are British possessions, such as 4437: 4167:

Nicaragua has a population growth rate of 1.5% as of 2013. This is the result of one of the highest

16160: 16060: 15623: 15532: 14961: 14874: 14725: 14584: 14521: 14491: 14189: 13237: 10755: 5309:

source of poetry in the Spanish-speaking world, with internationally renowned contributors such as

5065: 4878: 4834:

is small, numbering less than 200 people in 2017. Of these, 112 were recent converts who claimed

4751:. It came to Nicaragua in the 16th century with the Spanish conquest and remained, until 1939, the 4708:

Religion plays a significant role in Nicaraguan culture and is afforded special protections in its

4457: 4345: 4272: 4006:. Both dormant and active volcanoes can be climbed. Some of the most visited volcanoes include the 3601: 3417: 2974: 2735: 1701: 1626: 1451:

elite of Granada, which often degenerated into civil war, particularly during the 1840s and 1850s.

1291: 1151: 1041: 13351: 12412: 12252: 11328: 11119: 10980:"Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo – Noticias – La pobreza se arraiga en el país" 8118: 1685:

residents. In 1945, Nicaragua was among the first countries to ratify the United Nations Charter.

1568: 1560: 16375: 16360: 16345: 16185: 15900: 15556: 14740: 14667: 14533: 14511: 12687: 11998: 11968: 11185: 10925: 10554: 9259: 5620: 5297: 5272: 5069: 4975: 4968: 4962: 3662: 3654: 3629: 2876: 2870: 2622: 2273: 793: 671: 196: 12743: 11834: 10638: 10355: 6223: 6086: 5987: 5344: 4470: 4031: 2961:

Nicaragua has one of the lowest intentional homicide rates in Central America, according to the

2296:). The Pacific lowlands region is the most populous, with over half of the nation's population. 2238: 16390: 16330: 16245: 16130: 16010: 15975: 15815: 15683: 15587: 15174: 14687: 14677: 14637: 14553: 14501: 14398: 14241: 12599: 12500: 11272:"Tobacco Sector Exceeds Expectations – CentralAmericaData :: The Regional Business Portal" 11249: 9639: 7307: 6915:

Pérez-Brignoli, Héctor; translated by Sawrey A., Ricardo B.; Sawrey, Susana Stettri de (1989).

5563: 5328: 5125: 4992: 4814: 4795: 4759: 4312: 3578: 2922:

is not imminent. As of 2006, the military budget was roughly 0.7% of Nicaragua's expenditures.

2755: 2739: 2300:

Pacific zone, and earthquakes have nearly destroyed the capital city, Managua, more than once.

2115: 2105: 2077: 1910: 1475: 1459:

in 1848, Nicaragua provided a route for travelers from the eastern United States to journey to

1222: 721: 665: 599: 457: 14122: 10532: 10098: 9086: 9080: 8465: 8459: 7890: 7577: 7332: 6125: 97: 16593: 16395: 16355: 16230: 16220: 16195: 16170: 16140: 16120: 16030: 15970: 15930: 15860: 15789: 15466: 15428: 15224: 15079: 14911: 14730: 14697: 14548: 14479: 14252: 13574: 12631: 12569:"Vestiges of Ancient Indigenous Language Still Found Today in Matagalpa's Northern Highlands" 11735: 10506: 9669: 8796: 8496: 7792: 7503: 7461: 7183: 7078: 6864: 6151: 5616: 5596: 5320: 4892: 4810: 4748: 4689: 4599: 3951:

particularly in northern Nicaragua. As a result of increased tourism, Nicaragua has seen its

3487: 3101: 2943: 2892: 2601: 2062: 1758: 1736: 1572: 1468: 1147: 979: 439: 433: 163: 14599: 11006:"Human Development Report 2009 – Countries' shares of total stock of migrants in Africa (%)" 5764: 3612:, and exported worldwide through North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. 1495: 1334: 1063:

The second theory is that the country's name comes from any of the following Nahuatl words:

826: 16588: 16470: 16380: 16365: 16250: 16200: 16095: 16080: 16050: 15850: 15840: 14956: 14916: 14778: 14712: 14632: 14589: 14572: 14332: 13374: 10006: 8316: 8201: 8012: 7241: 5919: 5744: 5721: 5650: 5637:

is the second most popular sport in Nicaragua. The country has had world champions such as

5324: 5105: 5081: 4950: 4945:

Due to extreme poverty at home, many Nicaraguans are now living and working in neighboring

4563: 4373: 4369: 4275:

groups that had migrated to and from South America in ancient times, primarily what is now

4128: 3929: 3802: 3568: 3386: 3132: 2888: 2858: 2233: 2176: 2130: 2109: 1962: 1585: 1456: 1433: 1278: 1098: 1006: 548: 287: 14921: 13138: 12413:

Migration Information Source – El Salvador: Despite End to Civil War, Emigration Continues

11614: 10664: 8714: 8551:"Families Struggle to Maintain Life Style : Sandinista Rule Not Easy on Middle Class" 7104:

Fowler, WR Jr. (1985). "Ethnohistoric Sources on the Pipil Nicarao: A Critical Analysis".

5608: 5450:

as well as sweets and desserts. In addition to corn, rice and beans are eaten very often.

4653: 4497: 3750:

unsalaried family workers or employees of small-enterprises, and they are generally poor.

3573: 3312: 3163: 1373:, Central America was subject to conflict between Britain and Spain. British navy admiral 1309:

The first Spanish permanent settlements were founded in 1524. That year, the conquistador

1258: 8: 16628: 16623: 16613: 16518: 16490: 16410: 16405: 16385: 16295: 16280: 16215: 16180: 16075: 16015: 15990: 15985: 15955: 15920: 15915: 15885: 15865: 15769: 15663: 15436: 15239: 15134: 14931: 14692: 13110: 12119:"Ometepe Island Information – Everything About Traveling To Ometepe Island In One Place!" 11592: 11529: 10298: 9940: 9382: 9142:

The PRIO Battle Deaths Dataset, 1946–2008, Version 3.0: Documentation of Coding Decisions

8433: 7268: 5628: 5551: 5365:

play was written by an anonymous author in the 16th century, making it one of the oldest

4931: 4924: 4744: 4717: 4713: 4702: 4617: 4205: 4161: 4132: 3863: 3782: 3225: 2732: 2442:

forest – almost 7% of the country's area – making it the largest rainforest north of the

2390: 2143:

On the Pacific side of Nicaragua are the two largest freshwater lakes in Central America—

1913:, for which several members of the Reagan administration were convicted of felonies. The 1794: 1693: 1670: 1029:

came to be. The first is that the name was coined by Spanish colonists based on the name

998: 15324: 14180: 12278: 11428:

Sewing Discontent in Nicaragua: The Harsh Regime of Asian Garment Companies in Nicaragua

10153: 10010: 9756: 9699: 9640:"In Nicaragua, the political battle is moving from the streets to the negotiating table" 9550: 7956: 7736: 7728: 7694:"California Filibusters: A History of their Expeditions into Hispanic America (excerpt)" 5340: 5054:

Nicaragua was among the many countries in Latin America and the Caribbean to ratify the

2832: 1108: 16772: 16742: 16618: 16568: 16558: 16548: 16543: 16538: 16523: 16513: 16508: 16475: 16465: 16445: 16430: 16350: 16260: 16235: 16225: 16210: 16155: 16150: 16105: 16085: 16045: 16000: 15910: 15905: 15880: 15855: 15845: 15825: 15820: 15289: 14946: 14926: 14801: 14735: 14720: 14435: 14425: 14134: 13547: 12799: 12774: 12462: 12229: 12204: 11562: 11159: 10748: 10442:"In Latin America's Second Largest Rainforest, an Indigenous Tribe Fights for Its Land" 10302: 10202: 10037: 9994: 7558: 7300: 7164: 7129: 6527: 6156: 5676: 5542: 5413: 5386: 5370: 5366: 5252: 5245: 5162: 5145: 4912: 4858: 4842: 4635: 4630: 4581: 4488: 4399: 4381: 4333: 4322: 4214: 4172: 4150: 4119: 3889: 3644: 3321: 3202: 3194: 2775: 2751: 2747: 2669: 2513: 2458: 2321: 2262: 2167:

of the central highlands. Nicaragua's abundance of biologically significant and unique

2134: 2047: 1854: 1712: 1678: 1611: 1575:, whom he fought for over five years. When the Americans left in 1933, they set up the 1355: 1314: 1263: 251: 84: 15779: 14936: 13018: 9936:"Being outside the Paris climate deal: Something now only the U.S. and Syria agree on" 9180: 8962: 5638: 5612: 4527: 4522: 4475: 4003: 3885: 3264: 3256: 2194:

like national parks, nature reserves, and biological reserves. The country had a 2019

2027:. The Sandinistas said they no longer supported Bolaños after U.S. Secretary of State 2012: 1322: 1252: 16638: 16608: 16583: 16563: 16553: 16528: 16485: 16440: 16435: 16400: 16320: 16315: 16285: 16270: 16205: 16175: 16135: 16115: 16100: 16065: 16055: 15925: 15895: 15890: 15870: 15830: 15597: 15421:

Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America - Peoples’ Trade Treaty (ALBA-TCP)

15244: 14951: 14941: 14906: 14340: 13815: 13642: 13551: 13038: 12848: 12804: 12234: 11543: 11533: 11519: 11133: 10697:"Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons" 10386: 10042: 10024: 9090: 8916: 8896: 8771: 8749: 8618: 8612: 8469: 8159: 7925: 7798: 7740: 7583: 7509: 7467: 7338: 7311: 7217: 7189: 7137: 7121: 7084: 7018: 6924: 6870: 6557: 6519: 6035: 5352: 5114: 5109: 5090: 4694: 4545: 4507: 4402: 4246: 4210: 3609: 3355: 3287: 3070: 2717: 2708: 2518: 2454: 2443: 2345: 1682: 1499: 1299: 1282: 1218: 1135: 1127: 1030: 848: 293: 103: 12790: 12220: 8294: 7838: 5574: 5097:, was the first literary work of post-Columbian Nicaragua and is regarded as one of 4971:

still confronts challenges responding to its populations' diverse healthcare needs.

1997: 16633: 16598: 16578: 16480: 16420: 16340: 16310: 16255: 16240: 16165: 16125: 16110: 16090: 16070: 16040: 16025: 16005: 15950: 15945: 15875: 15592: 14966: 14901: 14893: 14806: 13539: 12794: 12786: 12224: 12216: 11888: 11215: 11125: 10032: 10014: 9967: 8455: 8110: 8039: 7579:

Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture

7550: 7113: 6917: 6511: 6025: 5883: 5863: 5778: 5707: 5683: 5357: 5332: 5310: 5281: 5165:

is a mixture of indigenous and Spanish influences. Musical instruments include the

4774:

communities on the Caribbean coast in what once constituted the sparsely populated

4361: 4326: 4284: 4263:

population consisted of many indigenous groups. In the western region, the Nahuas (

4218: 4188: 4154: 3901: 3897: 3819: 3762: 3694: 3456: 3448: 3039: 2406: 2394: 2020: 1978: 1939: 1716: 1666: 1654: 1552:

between Liberals and Conservatives in 1926 resulted in the return of U.S. Marines.

1385:, the latter of which had temporary success before being abandoned due to disease. 1295: 1167: 1126:

first inhabited what is now known as Nicaragua as far back as 12,000 BCE. In later

990: 963: 955: 773: 443: 271: 266: 138: 13410: 12657: 10325: 9316: 9117: 7334:

Locating Health: Historical and Anthropological Investigations of Place and Health

4376:, and a large majority also speak Spanish. Fewer than three dozen of nearly 2,000 16415: 16300: 16275: 16190: 16145: 16020: 15980: 15940: 15648: 15031: 15023: 14284: 14271: 14248: 14235: 14222: 14196: 14170: 14129: 14026: 13440: 13105: 13025: 12979: 12713: 12419: 11706:"Four Years Later, China-Backed Nicaragua Canal Struggles to Take Off the Ground" 11414: 11335: 10669: 10263: 9740: 8827: 8698: 8670: 8614:

Exiting the Whirlpool: U.S. Foreign Policy Toward Latin America and the Caribbean

8202:"Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice" 7394: 6950: 5974: 5926: 5642: 5604: 5555: 5473: 5319:

literary movement at the end of the 19th century. Other literary figures include

5305: 5256: 5208: 5195: 4850: 4791: 4771: 4758:

The number of practicing Roman Catholics has been declining, while membership of

4721: 4395: 4388: 4230: 4222: 3790: 3715: 2884: 2880: 2720: 2558: 2469:

resembles that found in many typical Caribbean ports than the rest of Nicaragua.

2356: 2305: 2285: 2203: 2156: 1955: 1658: 1647: 1615: 1524: 1506: 1491: 1271: 1193:

ethnic groups who had arrived in Nicaragua from what is now the Mexican state of

1190: 1070: 915: 911: 480: 341: 298: 147: 16672: 11589:"Primera prueba del sucre en enero – LA PRENSA — EL Diario de los Nicaragüenses" 10267: 10060: 6468: 6014:"Authoritarian Populism and Patriarchal Logics: Nicaragua's Engendered Politics" 5356:

was the first literary work of post-Columbian Nicaragua. It was written in both

2120: 1830:

In response to the Sandinistas, various rebel groups collectively known as the "

16662: 15794: 15551: 15344: 14360: 10019: 6619:[Why do Latin American countries call themselves as they are called?]. 5624: 5600: 5336: 5228: 5212: 5133: 4783: 4775: 4752: 4740: 4666: 4406: 4365: 4288: 4264: 4007: 3976: 3913: 3867: 3298: 2581: 2562: 2522: 2289: 2210: 2148: 2036: 1880: 1770: 1483: 1414: 1398: 1374: 1318: 1286: 1267: 1206: 1198: 1171: 1155: 1117: 1002: 970: 959: 281: 14029:

Michael Pavitt (insidethegames.biz), 7 December 2017. Accessed 14 August 2020.

13968: 12691: 11009: 10665:"A New U.N. Vote Shows Russia Isn't as Isolated as the West May Like to Think" 10146: 9203:"El Sandinista Daniel Ortega se convierte de nuevo en presidente de Nicaragua" 8265:"Against all odds: U.S. policy and the 1963 Central America Summit Conference" 8013:"History of U.S. Violence Across the Globe: Washington's War Crimes (1912–33)" 1942:

became the first woman president democratically elected in the history of the

1741: 1531: 1405: 16736: 16718: 16705: 15339: 15120: 14370: 14165: 11407: 10028: 8114: 7214:

American Indian languages : the historical linguistics of Native America

7125: 6523: 6293:

https://www.macrotrends.net/global-metrics/countries/NIC/nicaragua/population

6039: 5672: 5512: 5457: 5301: 5285: 5260: 5232: 5200: 5098: 5048: 4835: 4779: 4725: 4384: 4260: 4123:

establish that from Nicaragua's 2016 population of 5,966,798, around 69% are

3876: 2980: 2798: 2779: 2743: 2713: 2434:

is in the Atlantic lowlands, part of which is located in the municipality of

2207: 1985: 1891: 1879:

investigated abuses by Sandinista forces, including an execution of 35 to 40

1638: 1630: 1123: 935: 927: 883: 464: 382: 276: 231: 218: 14817: 13889: 11547: 7693: 7141: 6587: 5479:

Many of Nicaragua's dishes include indigenous fruits and vegetables such as

5263:

has also surfaced recently in cultural cities and ballroom dance occasions.

4267:) were present along with other groups such as the Chorotega people and the 3870:, which are home to 76 bird species and are a growing ecotourism destination 1950: 1366: 1338: 993:. Known as the "land of lakes and volcanoes", Nicaragua is also home to the 16677: 15673: 15602: 15501: 15376: 15349: 14843: 13532: 12973:

Con Todo el Poder de la Informmación – El Nuevo Diario – Managua, Nicaragua

12808: 12238: 11040: 10555:"Nicaragua bans freshwater shark fishing amid dwindling population numbers" 10171: 10046: 6943: 6914: 5559: 5461: 5220: 5190: 5177:). This music is played at social functions as a sort of background music. 5026: 4802: 4238: 4234: 3921: 3834: 2919: 2573:

thus far in Nicaragua, with an estimated 5,000 species not yet classified.

2383: 2310: 2160: 2144: 2028: 2016: 1662: 1487: 1330: 1326: 1182: 1038: 501: 370: 308: 11465: 7541:

Smith, RS (1963). "Financing the Central American federation, 1821–1838".

7442:

Hernando de Soto – A Savage Quest in the Americas – Book II: Consolidation

5402: 5184:. The Caribbean coast of Nicaragua is known for a lively, sensual form of 5108:

has strong folklore, music and religious traditions, deeply influenced by

5056:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

4019: 1443:

The early years of independence were characterized by rivalry between the

15799: 15784: 15471: 15319: 15229: 15179: 15139: 15049: 14085: 13543: 13411:"An investigation into the reported closing of the Nicaraguan gender gap" 11066: 10586:"'Rigged': Criticism mounts of Nicaragua's 'sham' elections under Ortega" 7653: 6030: 6013: 5453: 5438: 5425: 5406: 5216: 5185: 5086: 5018: 5014: 4979: 4946: 4908: 4854: 4787: 4767: 4377: 4296: 4292: 4050: 3999: 3948: 3905: 3815: 2911: 2905: 2759: 2461:, known as the "Mining Triangle", are located in the region known as the 2398: 2379: 2214: 2199: 2172: 2152: 2024: 1996:, Daniel Ortega and the Sandinistas of the FSLN lost again, this time to 1895: 1159: 1139: 939: 420: 12383: 11129: 9733: 9440: 8862: 7410: 7155:

Brinton, Daniel G. (1887). "Were the Toltecs an Historic Nationality?".

5277: 4841:

As of 2007, approximately 1,200 to 1,500 Nicaraguan residents practiced

1930: 15314: 15309: 15304: 15159: 15044: 12436: 12282: 12205:"Interethnic admixture and the evolution of Latin American populations" 12058: 10326:"Pittsburghers find once war-ravaged country is a good place to invest" 10232: 10231:(in Spanish). Managua: Empresa Portuaria Nacional. 2009. Archived from 9905:"Only U.S. and Syria Now Oppose Paris Climate Deal, as Nicaragua Joins" 9874:"Nicaragua to join Paris climate accord, leaving US and Syria isolated" 9499:"As Nicaragua's Election Draws Near, Concerns Grow Over Abuse of Power" 7794:

The Banana Wars: United States Intervention in the Caribbean, 1898-1934

7562: 6231: 5562:, Hoy, and Mercurio. Online news publications include Confidencial and 5526: 5315: 5289: 5198:

community (Afro-Native American) is known for its popular music called

4935: 4594: 4168: 4037: 3944: 3925: 3826: 3710: 3704:

During the war between the US-backed Contras and the government of the

3651: 3549: 3109: 2636: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2577: 2423: 2418: 2293: 2218: 2198:

mean score of 3.63/10, ranking it 146th globally out of 172 countries.

1602: 1460: 1150:. Nicaragua's central region and its Caribbean coast were inhabited by 1113: 931: 15294: 10983: 8293:. Vanderbilt Television News Archive. 16 December 1972. Archived from 7168: 7133: 6531: 6499: 5433: 5395: 5150: 3807: 3737: 3661:, and 14th (of 29) in the Americas. Nicaragua was ranked 115th in the 1571:

led a sustained guerrilla war against the regime and then against the

15481: 15299: 15189: 15054: 14289: 14020:

Panama win men's basketball gold at Central American Games in Managua

13101:"El Salvador inicia plan para regularizar a nicaragüenses residentes" 11186:"Poland forgives nearly 31 million dollars of debt owed by Nicaragua" 10926:"Migration Information Source – Remittance Trends in Central America" 7463:

Rascally Signs in Sacred Places: The Politics of Culture in Nicaragua

6944:

Gloria Helena Rey, "The Chibcha Culture – Forgotten, But Still Alive"

6018:

Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society

5504: 5443: 5429: 5223:

have gained prominence in cultural centres such as Managua, Leon and

5155: 5010: 4896: 4720:

are officially promoted by the government, but, in recent years, the

4558: 4512: 4353: 4280: 4011: 3924:

among other locations are the main tourist attractions. In addition,

3833:, called "Huellas de Acahualinca" and preserved in volcanic mud near 3766: 3761:, also known as ALBA. ALBA has proposed creating a new currency, the 3682: 3617: 3605: 3394: 2909:. The National Police of Nicaragua are rarely, if ever, labeled as a 2767: 2566: 2281: 2237:

Nicaragua is known as "the land of lakes and volcanoes"; pictured is

2168: 2151:. Surrounding these lakes and extending to their northwest along the 2133:(North-central highlands), and the Mosquito Coast (Atlantic lowlands/ 1362: 1303: 919: 14830: 13751: 12202: 7990: 7554: 6684:[From Macuilmiquiztli to Güegüence through Fernando Silva]. 6190:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Nicaragua)" 5623:, and the 13th in the major league history, when he played with the 4648: 3613: 3377: 3171: 2611: 1922:

between the Contras and the Sandinistas, 30,000 people were killed.

15451: 15264: 15199: 15169: 15144: 15059: 14200: 13533:"Human development indices and indicators: 2018 statistical update" 11495: 11033:"NICARAGUA: Name and Identity for Thousands of Indigenous Children" 7117: 6515: 5585: 5519: 5492: 5174: 5006: 4998: 4820: 4778:

colony. It was under British influence for nearly three centuries.

4612: 4576: 4300: 4276: 4268: 4015: 3992: 3968: 3917: 3778: 3625: 3593: 3233: 3140: 3078: 2493: 2481: 2332: 2314: 2277: 2261:

in northeastern Nicaragua, is the second-largest rainforest in the

2258: 2043: 1943: 1803: 1226: 975: 943: 923: 878: 830: 14992: 14264: 4798:

were introduced to the rest of Nicaragua during the 19th century.

3647:(who make up 5% of the population) live on less than $ 1 per day. 1883:

in December 1981, and an execution of 75 people in November 1984.

1704:, often referred to simply as "Somoza", became president in 1967. 1213:

civilization. Both Chorotegas and Nicaraos originated in Mexico's

15456: 15441: 15279: 15274: 15204: 15184: 14378: 14228: 12773:

Kocab, Annemarie; Senghas, Ann; Snedeker, Jesse (November 2016).

12148: 12126: 9613:"Nicaragua Withdraws Social Security Changes That Sparked Unrest" 6617:"¿Por qué los países de América Latina se llaman como se llaman?" 6309:"Sense of wonder: Discover the turbulent past of Central America" 5508: 5500: 5496: 5465: 5362: 5224: 5166: 5129: 5118: 4904: 4483: 4317: 4226: 4139: 4124: 4104:

Nicaraguan high school students at the American Nicaraguan School

4100: 4027: 4023: 3972: 3933: 3884:

Ministry of Tourism of Nicaragua (INTUR), the colonial cities of

3858: 3852: 3770: 3742: 3726:

nearly a quarter of the middle class are substantial landowners.

3678: 3332: 2965:, with a homicide rate of 11 per 100,000 inhabitants as of 2021. 2589: 2242: 2164: 1935: 1831: 1825: 1762: 1746: 1452: 1350: 1194: 1163: 1057: 1034: 947: 412: 320: 210: 16656:

Special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China

15089: 12880:"Nicaragua bishop on hunger strike to protest police harassment" 12775:"The emergence of temporal language in Nicaraguan Sign Language" 10380: 9816:

Nussbaum, Alex; Krukowska, Ewa; Carr, Mathew (8 December 2015).

8933:"OAS Study Says Miskito Indians Suffered Abuse From Sandinistas" 7330: 4149:, and European countries; the majority have settled in Managua, 2011:, the PLC again defeated the FSLN, with Alemán's Vice President 1077:

came this far", or "those who come from Anahuac came this far";

946:

to the east. The country's largest city and national capital is

15219: 15209: 15154: 15149: 15069: 15039: 14184: 13028:(Released October 2007, covers period of June 2006 to May 2007) 9525:"OAS Mission in Nicaragua Recommends Integral Electoral Reform" 8142:

Lying for Empire: How to Commit War Crimes With a Straight Face

5838: 5634: 5488: 5480: 5447: 5428:

and is used in many of the widely consumed dishes, such as the

5374: 5181: 5170: 5022: 4891:

Also present is a small Middle Eastern-Nicaraguan community of

4846: 4540: 4502: 4242: 4146: 3988: 3964: 3893: 3848: 3686: 3669: 3597: 3589: 3425: 3363: 2843: 2724: 2489: 2477: 2341: 2266: 1719:

to personally fly to Managua on December 31, 1972, but he died

1210: 1202: 1178: 1074: 510: 16663:

Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu

10410: 8743: 5615:, who was the first baseball player from Nicaragua to play in 3840: 3585: 2488:. Other animal life in the area includes different species of 15269: 15194: 14238:: Official information of the Honorary Consulate of Nicaragua 6340: 5802: 5484: 5421: 5094: 4862: 4183: 3518: 3047: 2501: 2485: 2473: 2450: 2435: 2184: 1143: 871: 506: 11796:"A Dynamic Economy: Dynamic Sectors of the Economy; Tourism" 8965:. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. 12 March 1993. 8267:. Journal of Third World Studies. p. 11. Archived from 7735:(4th ed.). New York: Avalon Travel Publishing. p. 6806:[Clash of languages or the mixing of our language]. 6682:"De Macuilmiquiztli al Güegüence pasando por Fernando Silva" 6376:"12 largest rainforests in the world and where to find them" 6056:"U.S. Imposes Sanctions on Nicaragua's Authoritarian Regime" 4938:. Today one in six Nicaraguans live in these two countries. 2983:

republic. For administrative purposes it is divided into 15

1337:. Córdoba's tomb and remains were discovered in 2000 in the 1089:, which meant "here by the water" or "surrounded by water". 15446: 15420: 15164: 14044: 12822: 11918: 11861: 11676:"Nicaragua, Chinese tycoon say canal work to start in 2014" 9787:"Nicaragua: a renewable energy paradise in Central America" 8207:. San Francisco: United Nations. 26 June 1945. p. 49. 5967: 5841: 5811: 5793: 5518:

Traditional street food snacks found in Nicaragua include "

4866: 4827: 3774: 2592:

in response to the declining populations of these animals.

2497: 2438:; it protects 7,300 square kilometres (1,800,000 acres) of 2375: 2371: 2367: 1984:

Exit polls of Nicaraguans reported Chamorro's victory over

1906: 1782: 12994:"Tiny Nicaraguan Community Doubles in Size as 112 Convert" 11857:"Nicaragua exceeds one mn foreign tourists for first time" 11646:"Nicaraguan Canal Could Wreck Environment, Scientists Say" 11615:"Nicaragua canal construction 'will not begin until 2015'" 8790:"Mines and Underwater IEDs in U.S. Ports and Waterways..." 7652:. Ministerio de Educación. 9 December 2012. Archived from 7505:

Geomorphology of Central America: A Syngenetic Perspective

6923:(2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. 5667:

had some recent success as it won the silver medal at the

5391: 5047:

Nicaragua's gender equality ranks high among countries in

4869:

or natural-born Nicaraguan descendants of the two groups.

4830:

have been living in Nicaragua since the 18th century, the

3892:

are the preferred spots for tourists. Also, the cities of

3592:

is one of the Nicaragua's largest exports. It is grown in

2879:

consist of various military contingents. Nicaragua has an

2835:

and with Costa Rica over a boundary dispute involving the

2031:

told Bolaños to distance from the FSLN. This "slow motion

1688:

On September 29, 1956, Somoza García was shot to death by

1388: 1037:

of a powerful indigenous tribe encountered by the Spanish

16658:, participating as "Hong Kong, China" and "Macao, China". 5835: 5832: 5826: 5823: 5805: 5787: 5255:

and the United States can be found throughout Nicaragua.

4805:, selected from the Roman Catholic calendar, with annual 2402: 2363: 2159:

are fertile lowland plains, with soil highly enriched by

1815:

Most people sided with Nicaragua against the Sandinistas.

895: 12982:. Archivo.elnuevodiario.com.ni. Retrieved on 2011-04-29. 12182:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

12153:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

10756:"Intentional homicides (per 100,000 people) - Nicaragua" 9992: 9818:"Carbon Markets Are Making a Slow, But Steady, Comeback" 7766:. Westminster, England: Archibald Constable and Company. 6005: 5409:, a traditional Nicaraguan dish made with rice and beans 2389:

Bird life in the forests of the central region includes

12690:(in Spanish). YouTube. 27 February 2008. Archived from 7017:(1st ed.). Norman : University of Oklahoma Press. 5062:

particularly in housing, education, and the workplace.

4295:, as well as Mayangnas and Ulwas who are also known as 2842:

On 12 October 2022, Nicaragua voted against condemning

2288:

to Nicaragua's Pacific border with Costa Rica south of

1512: 1084: 1078: 1064: 1051: 10288: 9670:"CIDH condena nuevos hechos de violencia en Nicaragua" 9582:"Los muertos de la represión que Daniel Ortega oculta" 9441:"Bolaños Will Move To The National Assembly After All" 6772:[Encounter of the cacique and the conqueror]. 6079: 4997:

The adult literacy rate in 2005 was 78.0%, the lowest

4245:

descent. In the mid-1980s, the government divided the

4108:

According to a 2014 research published in the journal

3847:, a nature reserve located between the departments of 2731:

Politics of Nicaragua takes place in a framework of a

926:. Nicaragua is bordered by Honduras to the north, the 15649:

Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

13882:"LA HISTORIA DEL BÉISBOL EN LATINOAMERICA: Nicaragua" 12664:. Minority Rights Group International. 19 June 2015. 11379:"Nicaragua completes Bluefields-Nueva Guinea highway" 10613:"New Sanctions Following Sham Elections in Nicaragua" 10256:"Empresas de seis países interesadas en Monkey Point" 9815: 9085:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 8684:

The New Americans : A Guide to Immigration Since 1965

8071:. University of Pittsburgh. p. 1. Archived from 7331:

Dyck, Erika; Fletcher, Christopher (6 October 2015).

7297: 6087:"Nicaragua: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report" 5808: 5790: 5784: 5781: 1730: 14883: 13602:"Traditional Nicaraguan Costumes: Mestizaje Costume" 12772: 12662:

World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples

12422:. Migrationinformation.org. Retrieved on 2011-04-29. 11480: 9527:. Organization of American States. 7 November 2016. 9287:"Old Foe of U.S. Trying for a Comeback in Nicaragua" 9177:"Was February 25 a 'triumph'? National Review v. 42" 8349:. The National Baseball Hall of Fame. Archived from 7891:"General Augusto C. Sandino: The Constitutional War" 6804:"Choque de lenguas o el mestizaje de nuestro idioma" 6498:

Vanden, Harry E.; Morales, Waltraud Queiser (1985).

5820: 5799: 5697: 5619:. He became the first Latin-born pitcher to throw a 16661:

Officially the Republic of China, participates as "

9986: 9347:"Spanish defense minister: No more troops for Iraq" 9082:

The United States since 1980 (The World Since 1980)

8454: 6651:"El origen de "Nicarao-agua": la Traición y la Paz" 6500:"Nicaraguan Relations with the Nonaligned Movement" 5817: 5796: 4823:has increased with a steady influx of immigration. 4786:mainly by British and German colonists in forms of 3998:Sand skiing has become a popular attraction at the 2472:A great variety of birds can be observed including 11766:"Turismo en Nicaragua: aportes y desafios parte I" 10955: 10201:. Granada, Nicaragua: Tierramérica. Archived from 9472:"Nicaragua's Revolution Heads Toward Dictatorship" 8770: 8748:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 141–205. 8520:"Nicaraguan Exiles Find A Place In The Sun: Miami" 7299: 6916: 6504:Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 6469:"Research Guides: UN Membership: Founding Members" 6342: 6054: 5688:2018–2020 NORCECA Beach Volleyball Continental Cup 2124:A map of Nicaragua's Köppen climate classification 1909:and channeling the proceeds to the Contras in the 1146:cultural regions, and within the influence of the 1025:There are two prevailing theories on how the name 1011:Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America 13507:Washington Blade: Gay News, Politics, LGBT Rights 13446:. Geneva: World Economic Forum. 2020. p. 9. 13230:"Nicaragua's new gov't to enforce free education" 13205:. UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from 10699:. United Nations Treaty Collection. 7 July 2017. 10503:"National Parks and Protected Areas of Nicaragua" 10381:Trudgill, Peter; Watts, Richard J., eds. (2002). 10225:"Proyecto "Construcción del Puerto Monkey Point"" 7157:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 6341:Wallace, Will; Wallace, Camilla (10 April 2010). 5442:. Maize is also an ingredient for drinks such as 5068:ranked Nicaragua 106 out of 160 countries in the 3701:hardwood tree may be worth thousands of dollars. 3624:Nicaragua is one of the poorest countries in the 2823:Nicaragua pursues an independent foreign policy. 2074:Ortega was elected for his third consecutive term 16734: 13752:"Try the culinary delights of Nicaragua cuisine" 12180:("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). 10253: 9050:"KEY AIDES DISPUTE U.S. ROLE IN NICARAGUAN VOTE" 8493:"History of Nicaragua: The Beginning of the End" 8404:"Nicaragua: Diversification and Growth, 1945–77" 7466:. Univ of North Carolina Press. pp. 30–32. 6046: 5207:Nicaragua has international influence in music. 5173:, guitar and guitarrilla (a small guitar like a 1834:" were formed to oppose the new government. The 1015:Community of Latin American and Caribbean States 14356:Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1838) 13995:"Building for tomorrow in Belize and Nicaragua" 12203:Mauro Salzano, Francisco; Sans, Mónica (2014). 11591:. Laprensa.com.ni. 16 June 2010. Archived from 8989:"NICARAGUAN VOTE:'FREE, FAIR, HOTLY CONTESTED'" 7831:"US violence for a century: Nicaragua: 1912–33" 7455: 7453: 7451: 7207: 7205: 7072: 7070: 7068: 4764:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 2918:The age to serve in the armed forces is 17 and 2190:Nearly one fifth of Nicaragua is designated as 1851:Reagan administration's support for the Contras 1217:valley, and migrated south. A third group, the 9339: 8895:. University Publications of America. p. 143. 8863:"US Policy: Economic Embargo: The War Goes On" 6869:. Twenty-First Century Books. pp. 66–67. 2525:("ravine-guard") is Nicaragua's national bird. 1225:people who migrated from the Mexican state of 611:130,375 km (50,338 sq mi) ( 16499: 15517: 15405: 15105: 15008: 14859: 14822: 14305: 11652:. National Geographic Society. Archived from 11453:Dean, ANU College of Asia & the Pacific. 10720: 10718: 9757:"Why isn't Nicaragua in the Paris agreement?" 8058: 7291: 6802:Solórzano, Carla Torres (18 September 2010). 6497: 6024:(2). Oxford University Press (OUP): 701–723. 5945:. Central Intelligence Agency. 19 June 2023. 1868:Psychological Operations in Guerrilla Warfare 1597: 1045: 161: 130: 78: 15531: 15381: 14873: 12253:"Genomic Components in America's demography" 12167: 11124:. World Intellectual Property Organization. 10192: 9700:"Nicaraguan protesters call on Ortega to go" 8746:The Undermining of the Sandinista Revolution 8495:. American Nicaraguan School. Archived from 8422: 8178:(in Spanish). 6 January 2005. Archived from 7448: 7202: 7065: 6840:(in Spanish). 10 August 2004. Archived from 6836:[The Nahuatl root of our language]. 6764: 6762: 6760: 6758: 6756: 6184: 6182: 6180: 6178: 5690:in both the women's and the men's sections. 2927:treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 2050:, a military contingent of mixed personnel. 1757:Celebrations of the 10th anniversary of the 1530:In August 1912, the President of Nicaragua, 12318:. February 2016. p. 52. Archived from 12029:"Activities in and around the Apoyo Lagoon" 10473:"10 reasons why you should visit Nicaragua" 8911:Miranda, Roger and Ratliff, William (1993) 8846: 7763:The key of the Pacific: the Nicaragua canal 7497: 7495: 7188:. University of Chicago Press. p. 92. 6302: 6300: 5675:for the first time when Nicaragua hosts in 5420:As in many other Latin American countries, 4716:(which has been guaranteed since 1939) and 2968: 23: 16783:States and territories established in 1821 16778:Spanish-speaking countries and territories 15524: 15510: 15412: 15398: 15112: 15098: 15015: 15001: 14866: 14852: 14312: 14298: 13348:"Nicaragua Pre-election Delegation Report" 13195: 13131: 12357:(in Spanish). October 2005. Archived from 12355:Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos 12348:"VIII Censo de Poblacion y IV de Vivienda" 11969:"Can Nicaragua deliver on huge potential?" 11960: 11430:. Multinational Monitor. September 1, 1997 11246:"General Information – Nicaragua: Economy" 11121:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition 10715: 9968:"Paris Agreement – Status of Ratification" 9156:"Ortega's Comeback Schemes Roil Nicaragua" 9019:"1984: Sandinistas claim election victory" 8715:"Nicaragua: Growth of Opposition, 1981–83" 8517: 7622:(in Spanish). 9 March 2006. Archived from 7302:Archaeology of the Rivas Region, Nicaragua 7008: 7006: 7004: 7002: 6776:(in Spanish). 4 April 2009. Archived from 6740: 6738: 6336: 6334: 2784:reelected to a third term in November 2016 2327: 2284:near León. The lowland area runs from the 2080:has been disputed, but observation by the 1534:, requested the secretary of war, General 1232: 195: 24: 13969:"Salon de la Fama: Deportes en Nicaragua" 13693:. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from 12798: 12744:"Evolution: Library: Birth of a Language" 12228: 11827:"Ortega banks on tourism to beat poverty" 10036: 10018: 9551:"Nicaragua's Ortega re-elected president" 9378:"Nicaraguan President Signs Abortion Ban" 8744:LaRamee, Pierre; Polakoff, Erica (1999). 8548: 8461:A Nation of Enemies: Chile Under Pinochet 7759: 7575: 7501: 7238:"Letter of Columbus on the Fourth Voyage" 7000: 6998: 6996: 6994: 6992: 6990: 6988: 6986: 6984: 6982: 6910: 6908: 6906: 6801: 6797: 6795: 6770:"Encuentro del cacique y el conquistador" 6753: 6644: 6642: 6175: 6029: 5980: 5058:, which aimed to promote women's rights. 4817:are constructed in homes and workplaces. 4387:fluently, with nearly all Ramas speaking 2899:, became integrated with what is now the 2770:makes up the third branch of government. 2762:is vested in both the government and the 2696:Learn how and when to remove this message 2055:the general elections on November 5, 2006 1877:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 1692:, a 27-year-old Liberal Nicaraguan poet. 14174:) is being considered for deletion. See 14040:"Continental Cup Finals start in Africa" 13807: 13746: 13744: 13742: 13187:nternational Journal of Health Services, 12985: 12907: 12905: 11939: 11644:Howard, Brian Clark (22 February 2014). 10928:. Migrationinformation.org. April 2006. 10531:. The Nature Conservancy. Archived from 10142: 10140: 10138: 10136: 9411:"Nicaragua refuses to lift abortion ban" 9284: 9103: 7492: 7459: 7324: 7211: 7076: 6904: 6902: 6900: 6898: 6896: 6894: 6892: 6890: 6888: 6886: 6856: 6611: 6609: 6306: 6297: 6011: 5573: 5401: 5390: 5276: 5149: 5085: 4693: 4316: 4254: 4182: 4099: 3857: 3839: 3825: 3806: 3736: 3584: 3572: 2942: 2707: 2517: 2331: 2248: 2232: 2119: 2099: 1961: 1949: 1929: 1752: 1740: 1621: 1601: 1554: 1404: 1392: 1313:founded two of Nicaragua's main cities: 1257: 1246: 1107: 1103: 1083:, which meant "here are the Nahuas"; or 32:This is an accepted version of this page 14982:South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region 14977:North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region 14242:Key Development Forecasts for Nicaragua 13945:. The BASEBALL Page.com. Archived from 13776: 13404: 13402: 12991: 12551: 12493:"Crude death rate – the United Nations" 12141: 11999:"Volcanoes in Nicaragua: Apoyo Volcano" 11824: 11517: 11300: 10782:"Background and socio-economic context" 10134: 10132: 10130: 10128: 10126: 10124: 10122: 10120: 10118: 10116: 9751: 9749: 9408: 9375: 9153: 9047: 8768: 8262: 8096: 7790: 7681:. New York: S.H. Goetzel & Company. 7576:Cybriwsky, Roman Adrian (23 May 2013). 7569: 7543:The Hispanic American Historical Review 7306:. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. p. 7154: 7036: 7034: 6744: 6735: 6679: 6648: 6331: 6216: 6052: 5977:PROLADES Religion in America by country 4884:having risen a mere 0.06% in 10 years. 4813:, during which elaborate altars to the 4321:A sign in Bluefields in English (top), 4283:. These groups include the present-day 3757:Nicaragua is currently a member of the 3542:South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region 3511:North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region 2829:Archipelago de San Andrés y Providencia 2463:North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region 1925: 1792:, the editor of the national newspaper 1389:Independent Nicaragua from 1821 to 1909 14: 16735: 15619:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 14319: 13975:from the original on 26 September 2007 13875: 13873: 13629: 13627: 13163: 13161: 13069:"The Nicaragua case_M Orozco2 REV.doc" 12566: 12342: 12340: 11966: 11759: 11757: 11643: 11089:"Index Of Economic Freedom: Nicaragua" 10639:"Freedom in the World 2024: Nicaragua" 10470: 10439: 10289:Álvarez Hidalgo, Wendy (7 July 2010). 9637: 9469: 9266:from the original on 18 September 2006 9240:from the original on 22 September 2008 9231: 8610: 8582:"In The Nation; The Sandinista Puzzle" 8579: 8464:. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 7924:. The Advocacy Project. 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Its gross domestic product (GDP) in 2042:Nicaragua briefly participated in the 1428:in September 1821, and Nicaragua soon 1422:Act of Independence of Central America 952:fourth-largest city in Central America 15505: 15393: 15380: 15093: 14996: 14847: 14835: 14834: 14821: 14293: 14276:The State of the World's Midwifery – 14068: 13739: 13727:from the original on 21 February 2021 13671:from the original on 25 February 2016 13561:from the original on 21 November 2022 13503:"Nicaragua's rainbow revolutionaries" 13483:from the original on 29 November 2018 13453:from the original on 17 December 2019 13408: 13324:. Stanford University. 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Central American University – UCA. 8709: 8707: 8641:. Stanford University. Archived from 8487: 8485: 8401: 8156:Wars and Peace Treaties: 1816 to 1991 8139: 8097:Colburn, Forrest D. (26 March 2012). 8019:from the original on 14 November 2006 7951: 7949: 7947: 7945: 7943: 7871:from the original on 27 February 2008 7726: 7642: 7540: 7417:. Central American University – UCA. 7405: 7403: 7216:. New York: Oxford University Press. 7083:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 10–12. 7015:Indian survival in colonial Nicaragua 6883: 6834:"La raíz nahuatl de nuestro lenguaje" 6710: 6627:from the original on 25 February 2021 6606: 6435: 6413:. 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CIA World Factbook. 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Country Studies. Washington, DC: 11443:. wakeupwalmart.com. April 15, 2005 11346: 11008:. Hdrstats.undp.org. Archived from 10870:"Social indicators: Per capita GDP" 10824:from the original on 3 October 2014 10677:from the original on 11 August 2023 10610: 9828:from the original on 2 October 2017 9732:, no. 110, 2020, pp. 79–99. JSTOR, 9353:. Associated Press. 29 April 2004. 9317:"Nicaragua 'creeping coup' warning" 9179:. Tulane University. Archived from 9048:Taubman, Philip (21 October 1984). 8379:. 11 September 1978. Archived from 8040:"Nicaragua: From Sandino to Chavez" 7901:from the original on 22 August 2007 7256: 7046:Library of Congress Country Studies 5740:Index of Nicaragua-related articles 5659:Nicaragua National Football Stadium 5525:Nicaraguans have been known to eat 4438:Anuario Estadístico 2015, pp. 50–53 2228: 2217:. Since Central America is a major 1438:United Provinces of Central America 1270:, one of the most visited sites in 1056:, which meant "Five Deaths" in the 562:Federal Republic of Central America 515:Federal Republic of Central America 56: 14111:Chief of State and Cabinet Members 14052:from the original on 7 August 2021 13913:"'El Presidente' happy in new job" 13777:Gleeson, Bridget (15 April 2016). 13665:"Nicaragua, Eternal Land of Poets" 13509:. 18 December 2018. 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Archived from 6961:, 30 Nov 2007, accessed 9 Nov 2010 6919:A Brief History of Central America 6692:from the original on 14 April 2023 6649:Sánchez, Edwin (16 October 2016). 6466: 6274:from the original on 13 March 2024 6224:"GINI index (World Bank estimate)" 6132:from the original on 20 March 2021 6109: 5949:from the original on 20 March 2021 5671:. They will be taking part in the 5581:, Nicaragua's main outdoor stadium 5036: 4934:migrated to the United States and 2963:United Nations Development Program 2932: 2903:. In essence, the police became a 2507: 2265:after the Amazonian Rainforest in 2221:zone, Nicaragua hosts most of the 2061:passed a bill further restricting 1731:Nicaraguan Revolution (1960s–1990) 958:, though indigenous tribes on the 259:Recognised regional languages 57: 16794: 16665:", and "Chinese Taipei" in short. 15639:Trade-Related Investment Measures 15119: 14178:to help reach a consensus. › 14099: 14092:United States Department of State 13879: 13350:. Global Exchange. Archived from 12954:from the original on 28 June 2019 12754:from the original on 7 April 2023 12632:"Indigenous peoples in Nicaragua" 12597: 12473:from the original on 7 April 2022 12443:from the original on 19 June 2016 12394:from the original on 14 July 2007 12289:from the original on 2 March 2017 12259:from the original on 7 March 2021 12149:"World Population Prospects 2022" 12069:from the original on 16 July 2007 11742:from the original on 14 June 2010 11736:"Travel And Tourism in Nicaragua" 11417:. (PDF). Retrieved on 2012-05-02. 11389:from the original on 7 April 2022 11030: 10730:United States Department of State 10645:from the original on 19 June 2024 10584:Sesin, Carmen (8 November 2021). 10195:"An 'Eco-Canal' across Nicaragua" 9650:from the original on 14 June 2018 9496: 9470:Gibney, James (30 January 2014). 9390:from the original on 18 July 2021 9029:from the original on 29 June 2019 8893:The Secret War in Central America 8873:from the original on 21 June 2007 8410:from the original on 7 April 2023 8327:from the original on 8 March 2022 8046:from the original on 5 April 2007 7967:from the original on 19 June 2008 7421:from the original on 12 July 2017 7279:from the original on 10 June 2008 7080:The Pipil Language of El Salvador 7077:Campbell, Lyle (1 January 1985). 6711:Silva, Fernando (15 March 2003). 6680:Sánchez, Edwin (3 October 2016). 6594:from the original on 11 July 2022 6568:from the original on 26 June 2022 6538:from the original on 26 June 2022 6438:"Nicaragua: The next Costa Rica?" 6355:from the original on 18 June 2022 6319:from the original on 18 June 2022 6307:Brierley, Jan (15 October 2017). 4412: 3960:"the land of lakes and volcanoes" 3636:expected to fall to -6% in 2020. 2925:In 2017, Nicaragua signed the UN 2537:and in the autonomous regions of 2202:, Nicaragua is surrounded by the 2067:Nicaragua's 2011 general election 1898:, the candidate nominated by the 1567:From 1927 to 1933, rebel general 938:and shared maritime borders with 16671: 15961:Democratic Republic of the Congo 15490: 15477:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 15235:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 15078: 14886: 14205: 14079: This article incorporates 14074: 14032: 14013: 13987: 13961: 13935: 13904: 13858:from the original on 3 June 2010 13840: 13801: 13789:from the original on 29 May 2018 13770: 13709: 13683: 13657: 13594: 13525: 13495: 13465: 13433: 13366: 13340: 13314: 13221: 13179: 13125: 13093: 13061: 13031: 13012: 12966: 12936: 12871: 12841: 12815: 12766: 12736: 12706: 12680: 12650: 12624: 12591: 12560: 12545: 12523:"Nicaragua – People and Society" 12515: 12485: 12455: 12425: 12406: 12376: 12301: 12271: 12245: 12196: 12111: 12081: 12051: 12021: 11991: 11948:from the original on 11 May 2011 11933: 11907: 11881: 11849: 11825:Carroll, Rory (7 January 2007). 11788: 11728: 11698: 11668: 11637: 11607: 11581: 11452: 11446: 11433: 11420: 11401: 11371: 11340: 11321: 11309:from the original on 11 May 2011 11294: 11264: 11238: 11208: 11178: 11111: 11081: 11055: 11024: 10998: 10972: 10944: 10918: 10888: 10862: 10836: 10806: 10774: 10762:from the original on 22 May 2024 10689: 10657: 10631: 10619:from the original on 23 May 2022 10604: 10592:from the original on 12 May 2023 10577: 10547: 10521: 10495: 10471:Connor, Liz (17 November 2016). 10464: 10433: 10403: 10383:Alternative Histories of English 10374: 10362:from the original on 11 May 2011 10348: 10336:from the original on 16 May 2007 10317: 10282: 10247: 10217: 10186: 10160: 10083: 10053: 9960: 9927: 9896: 9866: 9840: 9809: 9779: 9722: 9710:from the original on 27 May 2018 9692: 9680:from the original on 28 May 2018 9662: 9631: 9619:from the original on 6 June 2018 9604: 9573: 9543: 9517: 9490: 9463: 9433: 9402: 9376:Frazier, JB (18 November 2006). 9369: 9309: 9278: 9252: 9234:"Social conditions of Nicaragua" 9225: 9195: 9169: 9147: 9135: 9072: 9060:from the original on 31 May 2023 9041: 9011: 8999:from the original on 1 July 2017 8995:. 16 November 1984. p. 30. 8981: 8955: 8925: 8905: 8885: 8855: 8837: 8814: 8518:Nordheimer, Jon (29 July 1987). 8291:"Headline: Nicaragua Earthquake" 7298:Healy, Paul; Pohl, Mary (1980). 6479:from the original on 4 July 2019 6448:from the original on 11 May 2011 6417:from the original on 10 May 2011 6386:from the original on 3 June 2021 6238:from the original on 22 May 2020 5777: 5714: 5700: 5655:Dennis Martínez National Stadium 5579:Dennis Martínez National Stadium 4506: 4496: 4469: 4199: 4178: 3531: 3500: 3469: 3438: 3407: 3376: 3345: 3311: 3277: 3246: 3215: 3184: 3153: 3122: 3091: 3060: 3029: 2758:is exercised by the government. 2610: 2196:Forest Landscape Integrity Index 1975:1990 Nicaraguan general election 1333:for having defied his superior, 910:, is the geographically largest 803: 802: 760: 759: 741: 740: 708: 707: 689: 688: 178: 110: 96: 14150:Business Anti-Corruption Portal 14104: 13292:"Nicaragua's Literacy Campaign" 12791:10.1016/j.cognition.2016.08.005 12529:. Central Intelligence Agency. 12279:"Urban population (% of total)" 12221:10.1590/s1415-47572014000200003 9934:Noack, Rick (24 October 2017). 9903:Stack, Liam (24 October 2017). 9209:(in Spanish). 8 November 2006. 8781: 8762: 8737: 8676: 8657: 8631: 8604: 8573: 8542: 8511: 8448: 8395: 8365: 8339: 8309: 8283: 8256: 8226: 8194: 8168: 8148: 8133: 8090: 8031: 8005: 7979: 7913: 7883: 7853: 7823: 7784: 7770: 7753: 7720: 7685: 7668: 7608: 7534: 7433: 7381: 7351: 7230: 7175: 7148: 7097: 7042:"Nicaragua: Precolonial Period" 6964: 6937: 6826: 6704: 6673: 6580: 6550: 6491: 6460: 6429: 6398: 6367: 6286: 6250: 6144: 5877: 5770: 5595:Nicaragua has had its share of 5373:. In 2005 it was recognized by 4044: 3831:2,100-year-old human footprints 2621:needs additional citations for 2338:Somoto Canyon National Monument 2313:, the prospect of a Nicaraguan 1954:Flooding in Lake Managua after 1790:Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal 1277:In 1502, on his fourth voyage, 1060:language, rather than Nicarao. 982:of the 1960s and 1970s and the 16336:St. Vincent and the Grenadines 14389:Post-Sandinista period (1990–) 13779:"How to eat like a Nicaraguan" 13691:"Native Theatre: El Gueguense" 12556:. New York: Algora Publishing. 12209:Genetics and Molecular Biology 11967:Parker, Nick (1 August 2012). 10954:. Nordea. 2020. Archived from 10356:"Bosawas Bioreserve Nicaragua" 10170:. american.edu. Archived from 10152:. Grolier Online. (200-11-20) 9611:Kahn, Carrie (23 April 2018). 9580:Cerda, Arlen (22 April 2018). 9260:"Nicaragua: Political profile" 8832:International Court of Justice 8777:. Boston, MA: South End Press. 8673:, New York Times, 2 April 1981 8321:National Baseball Hall of Fame 6959:Inter Press Service (IPS) News 6407:"The Rediscovery of Nicaragua" 6344:"Traveller's Guide: Nicaragua" 5961: 5931: 5913: 5757: 5369:theatrical/dance works of the 4872: 4360:, and Spanish are spoken. The 4110:Genetics and Molecular Biology 2993:subdivided into 153 municipios 2819:Foreign relations of Nicaragua 1915:International Court of Justice 1863:International Court of Justice 1426:Captaincy General of Guatemala 1379:Battle of San Fernando de Omoa 1311:Francisco Hernández de Córdoba 962:speak their own languages and 656:51/km (132.1/sq mi) ( 425:Pinolero/Pinolera (colloquial) 13: 1: 14384:Sandinista period (1979–1990) 14163: 13808:Gritzner, Charles F. (2010). 13132:Lazo, Flor (28 August 2011). 13109:. 18 May 2011. Archived from 11738:. Euromonitor International. 11621:. bbc.co.uk. 4 January 2014. 10982:. Pnud.org.ni. Archived from 10952:"Nicaragua: Economic Outline" 8458:; Valenzuela, Arturo (1991). 8373:"A Battle Ends, a War Begins" 7444:. New York: Crown Publishers. 6588:"CELAC | CELAC INTERNATIONAL" 6405:Dicum, G (17 December 2006). 5906: 5599:players, including shortstop 5266: 5154:Nicaraguan women wearing the 5070:Gender Inequality Index (GII) 4956: 4356:coast, indigenous languages, 4131:, 5% Native American, and 9% 2595: 2565:that shelter a wide range of 2547:Indio Maíz Biological Reserve 2317:remains a topic of interest. 2223:Central American Volcanic Arc 1629:(center) with U.S. president 1243:Spanish conquest of Nicaragua 16753:Countries in Central America 15360:United States Virgin Islands 14211:Wikimedia Atlas of Nicaragua 14146:Nicaragua Corruption Profile 13888:(in Spanish). Archived from 13848:"Country profile: Nicaragua" 13717:"El Güegüense o Macho Ratón" 13473:"Americas and the Caribbean" 11772:(in Spanish). Archived from 11712:. 8 May 2017. Archived from 11301:Sánchez, E (29 March 2010). 11065:. World Bank. Archived from 10324:White, RL (24 August 2004). 9638:Garvin, Glenn (2 May 2018). 9285:Thompson, G (5 April 2005). 8580:Wicker, Tom (29 July 1983). 7440:Duncan, David Ewing (1995). 7112:(1). Columbus, Ohio: 37–62. 6810:(in Spanish). Archived from 6719:(in Spanish). Archived from 6657:(in Spanish). Archived from 6623:(in Spanish). 29 July 2015. 5066:The Human Development Report 5043:Gender equality in Nicaragua 4986: 4306: 3984:Apoyo Lagoon Natural Reserve 3958:Nicaragua is referred to as 3845:Apoyo Lagoon Natural Reserve 2955:National Police of Nicaragua 2948:National Police of Nicaragua 2939:Law enforcement in Nicaragua 2901:National Police of Nicaragua 2303:Most of the Pacific zone is 2002:Constitutional Liberal Party 1657:, Nicaragua declared war on 1197:sometime around 800 CE. The 1020: 1005:and is also a member of the 7: 15634:Technical Barriers to Trade 14703:Water supply and sanitation 14140:Central Intelligence Agency 13409:Piper, Alan T. (May 2018). 11349:"The Nicaraguan Resistance" 11329:"Mining In Central America" 10814:"Nicaragua - Country Brief" 10787:. p. 9. Archived from 10440:Rogers, Tim (15 May 2013). 10291:"Harán puerto Monkey Point" 9409:Boseley, S (11 June 2010). 9236:. The Library of Congress. 9232:Dennis, G (December 1993). 8795:. p. 4. Archived from 8406:. The Library of Congress. 8238:New York Times TimesMachine 7791:Langley, Lester D. (2002). 6436:Davis, LS (22 April 2009). 6198:International Monetary Fund 6162:Central Intelligence Agency 5693: 5669:2017 Central American Games 5653:has gained popularity. The 5631:at Dodger Stadium in 1991. 5033:for the literacy campaign. 4918: 4683: 2864: 2253:Peñas Blancas, part of the 1917:, in regard to the case of 1073:reached this far", or "the 1033:, who was the chieftain or 1001:. Nicaragua co-founded the 10: 16799: 16758:Countries in North America 15562:International Trade Centre 13441:"Global Gender Gap Report" 13228:Liu, D (6 December 2006). 13039:"Nicaragua: People groups" 12384:"Expatriates of Nicaragua" 11940:Acan-Efe (27 March 2009). 11276:www.centralamericadata.com 10061:"Large Lakes of the World" 10020:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 8913:The Civil War in Nicaragua 8891:Moore, John Norton (1987) 8038:Solo, T (7 October 2005). 7733:Moon Handbooks: Costa Rica 7650:"Gobernantes de Nicaragua" 7337:. Routledge. p. 107. 6374:Peter (16 February 2019). 5920:Banco Central de Nicaragua 5730:Nicaraguan nationality law 5611:, but the most notable is 5540: 5384: 5380: 5300:can arguably be traced to 5270: 5243: 5143: 5079: 5075: 5040: 5009:, health care, education, 4990: 4978:guarantees universal free 4960: 4922: 4876: 4739:Nicaragua has no official 4687: 4495: 4468: 4420: 4310: 4048: 3800: 3796: 3566: 3562: 2999: 2972: 2936: 2868: 2816: 2599: 2511: 2280:just outside Granada, and 2276:mountain range, including 2113: 2103: 1919:Nicaragua v. United States 1838:ultimately authorized the 1823: 1819: 1734: 1598:Somoza dynasty (1927–1979) 1516: 1371:American Revolutionary War 1236: 1187:Mesoamerican language area 1154:ethnic groups such as the 1096: 1092: 64:Nicaragua (disambiguation) 61: 59:Country in Central America 16651: 15808: 15762: 15682: 15611: 15575: 15539: 15488: 15427: 15387: 15335:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 15253: 15127: 15076: 15030: 14881: 14841: 14828: 14823:Links to related articles 14772: 14711: 14663: 14659: 14650: 14580: 14571: 14487: 14478: 14406: 14397: 14371:Somoza Family (1936–1979) 14331: 14278:Nicaragua Country Profile 14270:28 September 2007 at the 11891:. U.S. State Department. 11526:Federal Research Division 11334:January 16, 2013, at the 11118:WIPO (12 December 2023). 10411:"Nicaraguan Animal Guide" 10385:. Routledge. p. 35. 9079:Baker, D (5 March 2007). 8963:"Annual Report 1992–1993" 7729:"The William Walker Saga" 7582:. ABC-CLIO. p. 177. 7013:Newson, Linda A. (1987). 6971:"Nicaragua: VI History". 5988:"CENSO DE POBLACIÓN 2005" 5925:24 September 2010 at the 5735:Bibliography of Nicaragua 5661:, was completed in 2011. 5569: 5472:, a salad, fried cheese, 5001:rate in Central America. 4949:, a country that has the 4061: 4055:Demographics of Nicaragua 3953:foreign direct investment 3818:docked near the beach at 2855:human rights in Nicaragua 2778:(prime minister) and the 2736:representative democratic 2551:Bosawás Biosphere Reserve 2432:Bosawás Biosphere Reserve 2257:and located northeast of 2255:Bosawás Biosphere Reserve 2086:Broad Front for Democracy 2039:also opposed the action. 1185:, and by language to the 995:Bosawás Biosphere Reserve 889: 877: 865: 855: 837: 822: 792: 772: 753: 734: 720: 701: 682: 664: 650: 636: 629: 619: 605: 598: 594: 581: 571: 558: 545: 535: 525: 521: 500: 490: 486: 471: 454: 450: 432: 411: 356: 307: 257: 247: 203: 194: 174:"Hail to Thee, Nicaragua" 156: 126: 92: 73: 15936:Central African Republic 15567:Chronology of key events 15547:Accession and membership 15533:World Trade Organization 15382:International membership 15355:Turks and Caicos Islands 14875:Departments of Nicaragua 14492:Administrative divisions 14351:Mexican rule (1822–1823) 14258: 14247:16 December 2012 at the 14176:templates for discussion 12849:"Languages of Nicaragua" 12418:15 February 2014 at the 12309:Anuario Estadístico 2015 11833:. London. Archived from 9743:. Accessed 25 Nov. 2023. 9739:25 November 2023 at the 8347:"Roberto Clemente – Bio" 8115:10.1177/0740277512443806 7393:17 November 2021 at the 5750: 5536: 5239: 5139: 5031:Nadezhda Krupskaya award 4879:Immigration to Nicaragua 4346:Nicaraguan Sign Language 2975:Departments of Nicaragua 2969:Administrative divisions 1702:Anastasio Somoza Debayle 1627:Anastasio Somoza Debayle 1285:. Columbus explored the 39:latest accepted revision 16763:Former Spanish colonies 15557:Dispute Settlement Body 14234:7 November 2014 at the 14221:28 October 2008 at the 13814:. Infobase Publishing. 13375:"Literacy in Nicaragua" 13267:. Library of Congress. 12920:. Library of Congress. 12059:"Nicaraguan Ecotourism" 11917:. INTUR. Archived from 11355:. Library of Congress. 10297:(in Spanish). Managua: 10262:(in Spanish). Managua: 10156:(subscription required) 8915:. Transaction. p. 193. 8697:5 February 2024 at the 8682:Mary C. Waters, et al. 8669:24 October 2023 at the 8611:Pastor, Robert (2001). 8154:Goldstein, Erik (2005) 8144:. Common Courage Press. 8109:(Spring 2012): 91–100. 7961:Encyclopædia Britannica 7865:Encyclopædia Britannica 7861:"Bryan–Chamorro Treaty" 7273:Encyclopædia Britannica 7212:Campbell, Lyle (1997). 5973:12 January 2018 at the 5767:(bank notes and coins). 5273:Literature of Nicaragua 4969:healthcare in Nicaragua 4963:Healthcare in Nicaragua 4796:Christian denominations 4273:Macro-Chibchan language 4162:Nicaraguans live abroad 3793:has yet to be started. 3663:Global Innovation Index 3630:purchasing power parity 3581:per capita in Nicaragua 2877:Nicaraguan Armed Forces 2871:Nicaraguan Armed Forces 2848:its invasion of Ukraine 2827:with Colombia over the 2535:Río San Juan Department 2328:North central highlands 2274:Cordillera Los Maribios 2046:in 2004 as part of the 1608:Anastasio Somoza García 1591:Anastasio Somoza García 1377:led expeditions in the 1233:Spanish era (1523–1821) 1152:Macro-Chibchan language 1085: 1079: 1065: 1052: 248:Official languages 15659:Information Technology 15654:Government Procurement 15588:Doha Development Round 15285:British Virgin Islands 14081:public domain material 13997:. FIFA. Archived from 13582:Cite journal requires 13261:"Nicaragua: Education" 12215:(1 (suppl)): 151–170. 11944:. CentralAmericaData. 11494:. Menlo Park, CA, US: 11408:PBS Now Politics CAFTA 11305:. CentralAmericaData. 10150:Encyclopedia Americana 8769:Chomsky, Noam (1985). 7760:Colquhoun, AR (1895). 7359:"The Spanish Conquest" 6128:. CIA World Factbook. 5893:República de Nicaragua 5887: 5582: 5564:The Nicaragua Dispatch 5410: 5399: 5329:Sergio Ramirez Mercado 5293: 5159: 5102: 5025:awarded Nicaragua the 4993:Education in Nicaragua 4760:evangelical Protestant 4730:Bishop Rolando Alvarez 4724:and the regime led by 4705: 4330: 4313:Languages of Nicaragua 4192: 4105: 3871: 3866:, tropical islands in 3855: 3837: 3823: 3746: 3689:, melons, and onions. 3621: 3620:buy Nicaraguan coffee. 3582: 2950: 2740:President of Nicaragua 2738:republic, whereby the 2728: 2526: 2449:The municipalities of 2349: 2269: 2246: 2125: 2116:Volcanoes of Nicaragua 2106:Geography of Nicaragua 1970: 1959: 1947: 1844:help the Contra rebels 1766: 1750: 1634: 1619: 1564: 1507:canal across Nicaragua 1476:President of Nicaragua 1447:elite of León and the 1417: 1402: 1383:San Juan River in 1780 1274: 1255: 1189:. The Chorotegas were 1120: 1046: 934:to the south, and the 745:$ 17.353 billion ( 693:$ 51.022 billion ( 162: 131: 80:República de Nicaragua 79: 15966:Republic of the Congo 15790:Supachai Panitchpakdi 15467:Saint Kitts and Nevis 15225:Saint Kitts and Nevis 14253:International Futures 14159:UCB Libraries GovPubs 14128:20 March 2021 at the 14025:21 March 2022 at the 13917:Major League Baseball 13538:. 19 September 2018. 12914:"Nicaragua: Religion" 12184:, Population Division 12155:, Population Division 12123:ometepeislandinfo.com 11518:Merrill, Tim (1994). 11488:"Nicaragua – SOCIETY" 11220:U.S. State Department 11190:People's Daily Online 10193:Muñoz, Néfer (2001). 9999:Nature Communications 9323:. 30 September 2005. 8639:"Timeline: Nicaragua" 8240:. 30 September 1956. 8158:. Routledge. p. 218. 8140:Model, David (2005). 7922:"A Disaster Foretold" 7780:. 1912. p. 1032. 6866:Nicaragua in Pictures 6444:. MNN Holdings, LLC. 6442:Mother Nature Network 5686:that competed at the 5617:Major League Baseball 5577: 5405: 5394: 5321:Carlos Martinez Rivas 5304:times. The myths and 5298:Nicaraguan literature 5280: 5244:Further information: 5153: 5089: 4976:Nicaraguan government 4811:Immaculate Conception 4749:Roman Catholic Church 4701:, one of Nicaragua's 4697: 4690:Religion in Nicaragua 4358:English-based creoles 4320: 4255:Indigenous population 4186: 4103: 3861: 3843: 3829: 3822:in southern Nicaragua 3810: 3740: 3588: 3576: 2946: 2893:Nicaraguan Revolution 2712:Nicaraguan president 2711: 2602:Politics of Nicaragua 2549:in the south and the 2521: 2348:in northern Nicaragua 2335: 2252: 2236: 2123: 2100:Geography and climate 2063:abortion in Nicaragua 1994:1996 general election 1965: 1953: 1933: 1836:Reagan administration 1811:Carter administration 1788:On January 10, 1978, 1759:Nicaraguan Revolution 1756: 1744: 1737:Nicaraguan Revolution 1698:René Schick Gutiérrez 1690:Rigoberto López Pérez 1625: 1605: 1569:Augusto César Sandino 1563:(center) in June 1929 1561:Augusto César Sandino 1558: 1546:Bryan–Chamorro Treaty 1411:Battle of San Jacinto 1408: 1396: 1262:The colonial city of 1261: 1251:The Colonial city of 1250: 1237:Further information: 1148:Isthmo-Colombian Area 1111: 1104:Pre-Columbian history 980:Nicaraguan Revolution 908:Republic of Nicaragua 621:• Water (%) 440:presidential republic 164:Salve a ti, Nicaragua 75:Republic of Nicaragua 16451:United Arab Emirates 14559:Territorial disputes 13854:. 2 September 2009. 13544:10.18356/9a42b856-en 13354:on 30 September 2006 13024:24 July 2008 at the 11806:on 27 September 2007 11413:8 March 2013 at the 11043:on 11 September 2008 10260:elnuevodiario.com.ni 9706:. BBC. 27 May 2018. 9123:on 24 September 2015 8821:Summary of the Order 8383:on 30 September 2007 8263:Leonard, TM (2003). 8103:World Policy Journal 8099:"Nicaragua, Forlorn" 8066:"The Somoza Dynasty" 8015:. 16 December 2001. 7987:"Biographical Notes" 7841:on 27 September 2007 7678:The War in Nicaragua 7269:"Nicaragua: History" 6655:El Pueblo Presidente 6590:. 16 February 2018. 5864:[nikaˈɾaɣwa] 5745:Outline of Nicaragua 5722:Latin America portal 5503:, and herbs such as 5350:The satirical drama 5345:José Coronel Urtecho 5325:Pablo Antonio Cuadra 5126:indigenous languages 5082:Culture of Nicaragua 4855:naturalized citizens 4734:Diocese of Matagalpa 4703:World Heritage Sites 4374:Miskito Coast Creole 4370:Misumalpan languages 4233:, a people of mixed 3803:Tourism in Nicaragua 3569:Economy of Nicaragua 2630:improve this article 2391:resplendent quetzals 2382:are abundant in the 2177:biodiversity hotspot 2175:'s designation as a 2131:Amerrisque Mountains 2110:Climate of Nicaragua 1926:Post-war (1990–2018) 1653:In 1941, during the 1586:Juan Bautista Sacasa 1457:California Gold Rush 1434:First Mexican Empire 1279:Christopher Columbus 1099:History of Nicaragua 1007:Non-Aligned Movement 638:• 2023 estimate 585:Current constitution 549:First Mexican Empire 288:Miskito Coast Creole 62:For other uses, see 16715: / 16426:Trinidad and Tobago 16326:St. Kitts and Nevis 15836:Antigua and Barbuda 15770:Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala 15664:Marrakesh Agreement 15437:Antigua and Barbuda 15240:Trinidad and Tobago 15135:Antigua and Barbuda 14283:12 May 2013 at the 14225:from WorldAtlas.com 14195:3 June 2010 at the 14117:General information 13949:on 13 November 2006 13645:on 16 December 2007 13240:on 28 December 2006 12996:. Times of Israel. 12878:ACN (24 May 2022). 12325:on 15 December 2017 11682:. 13 January 2014. 11650:National Geographic 11530:Library of Congress 11216:"Nicaragua:Economy" 11130:10.34667/tind.46596 11069:on 10 December 2020 11012:on 21 February 2009 10906:on 11 November 2020 10673:. 13 October 2022. 10559:UnderwaterTimes.com 10011:2020NatCo..11.5978G 9941:The Washington Post 9880:. 23 October 2017. 9793:. 25 October 2013. 9557:. 7 November 2016. 9383:The Washington Post 9183:on 1 September 2006 9025:. 5 November 1984. 8937:The Washington Post 8078:on 10 November 2006 8042:. Dissident Voice. 7993:on 31 December 2006 7626:on 11 November 2013 7363:Library of Congress 6200:. 10 October 2023. 4932:Nicaraguan Diaspora 4925:Nicaraguan diaspora 4782:was brought to the 4745:Liberation Theology 4718:religious tolerance 4114:indigenous ancestry 3864:Solentiname Islands 3783:Antigua and Barbuda 3655:Heritage Foundation 1967:Nicaraguan protests 1934:In 1990, after the 1745:The U.S.–supported 1694:Luis Somoza Debayle 1381:in 1779 and on the 1367:ruins of León Viejo 1356:infectious diseases 1339:ruins of León Viejo 1292:Gil González Dávila 1130:times, Nicaragua's 1042:Gil González Dávila 999:tourist destination 228: / 29:Page version status 15996:Dominican Republic 15175:Dominican Republic 14628:Telecommunications 14135:The World Factbook 14069:Additional sources 13923:on 12 October 2007 13697:on 6 December 2007 13209:on 29 October 2013 12978:2011-05-13 at the 12694:on 28 October 2021 12527:The World Factbook 12467:www.indexmundi.com 12093:World Travel Guide 11869:on 17 October 2018 11831:Guardian Unlimited 11595:on 16 January 2010 11426:Raphaelidis, Leia 11099:on 26 October 2007 10872:. United Nations. 10794:on 15 October 2006 10611:Blinken, Anthony. 10174:on 11 January 2012 9970:. United Nations. 9909:The New York Times 9291:The New York Times 9054:The New York Times 8993:The New York Times 8826:2007-11-07 at the 8617:. Westview Press. 8586:The New York Times 8524:The New York Times 8436:on 6 February 2007 8317:"Roberto Clemente" 8182:on 12 October 2007 7957:"The Somoza years" 7727:Baker, CP (2001). 7704:(4): 3–6, 15, 19. 7675:Walker, W (1860). 6949:2012-02-20 at the 6562:Americas Quarterly 6228:data.worldbank.org 6157:The World Factbook 6031:10.1093/sp/jxad006 5943:The World Factbook 5583: 5543:Media of Nicaragua 5495:, pipian, banana, 5414:Nicaraguan cuisine 5411: 5400: 5387:Nicaraguan cuisine 5371:Western Hemisphere 5294: 5253:Dominican Republic 5246:Dance in Nicaragua 5160: 5146:Music of Nicaragua 5106:Nicaraguan culture 5103: 4913:Chinese Nicaraguan 4901:Jewish Nicaraguans 4706: 4440:(2016 projections) 4334:Nicaraguan Spanish 4331: 4323:Nicaraguan Spanish 4193: 4173:Western Hemisphere 4120:CIA World Factbook 4106: 3872: 3856: 3838: 3824: 3747: 3622: 3583: 2951: 2776:head of government 2752:multi-party system 2748:head of government 2729: 2527: 2514:Fauna of Nicaragua 2413:Caribbean lowlands 2350: 2270: 2263:Western Hemisphere 2247: 2239:Concepción volcano 2135:Caribbean lowlands 2126: 2072:In November 2016, 2048:Plus Ultra Brigade 2009:the 2001 elections 1971: 1960: 1948: 1911:Iran–Contra affair 1767: 1751: 1727:1.5 billion. 1713:Pittsburgh Pirates 1709:earthquake in 1972 1677:(19 December) and 1635: 1620: 1565: 1496:José Santos Zelaya 1474:set himself up as 1418: 1409:A portrait of the 1403: 1335:Pedro Arias Dávila 1275: 1256: 1121: 730:2023 estimate 678:2023 estimate 573:• Revolution 537:• Recognized 309:Ethnic groups 35: 16719:13.133°N 85.117°W 16698: 16697: 16692: 16691: 16686: 16685: 16647: 16646: 15644:Trade in Services 15598:Quota Elimination 15499: 15498: 15374: 15373: 15368: 15367: 15257:other territories 15087: 15086: 14990: 14989: 14836:Geographic locale 14815: 14814: 14768: 14767: 14764: 14763: 14646: 14645: 14567: 14566: 14544:Political parties 14539:National Assembly 14507:Foreign relations 14474: 14473: 14190:Nicaragua profile 13754:. Nicaragua.com. 13667:. Elcomercio.pe. 13139:La Prensa Gráfica 12884:ACN International 12598:Urban, Matthias. 12364:on 24 August 2007 11716:on 23 August 2017 11539:978-0-8444-0831-6 11516:Original source: 11252:on 28 August 2011 11192:. 21 March 2007. 10818:web.worldbank.org 10641:. Freedom House. 10305:on 13 August 2011 9144:by Bethany Lacina 9096:978-0-521-86017-8 8624:978-0-8133-3811-8 8555:Los Angeles Times 8475:978-0-393-30985-0 8456:Constable, Pamela 8402:Annis, B (1993). 7804:978-0-8420-5047-0 7746:978-1-56691-608-0 7656:on 9 October 2012 7589:978-1-61069-248-9 7515:978-0-12-803185-8 7473:978-0-8078-6626-9 7344:978-1-317-32278-8 7317:978-0-88920-094-4 7195:978-0-226-86509-6 7090:978-3-11-088199-8 6876:978-0-8225-2671-1 6844:on 12 August 2017 6713:"Macuilmiquiztli" 6558:"A Guide to ALBA" 6380:Atlas & Boots 6267:. 13 March 2024. 6160:(2024 ed.). 5609:Jonathan Loáisiga 5292:literary movement 4953:as its currency. 4838:Jewish ancestry. 4832:Jewish population 4753:established faith 4714:Religious freedom 4680: 4679: 4247:Zelaya Department 4211:Scottish settlers 4098: 4097: 3979:in crater lakes. 3939:According to the 3920:volcano, and the 3900:and the likes of 3741:The capital city 3645:indigenous people 3639:According to the 3560: 3559: 3556: 3555: 2813:Foreign relations 2764:national assembly 2760:Legislative power 2718:Russian President 2706: 2705: 2698: 2680: 2346:Madriz Department 2059:National Assembly 1683:German Nicaraguan 1500:Zelaya Department 1283:Isthmus of Panama 1201:were a branch of 1136:Intermediate Area 1134:were part of the 1132:indigenous people 906:, officially the 901: 900: 755:• Per capita 703:• Per capita 531:15 September 1821 495:National Assembly 232:12.100°N 86.233°W 187: 132:En Dios confiamos 47:19 September 2024 26: 16:(Redirected from 16790: 16730: 16729: 16727: 16726: 16725: 16720: 16716: 16713: 16712: 16711: 16708: 16678:World portal 16676: 16675: 16497: 16496: 16291:Papua New Guinea 15774:Director-General 15669:Doha Declaration 15593:Singapore issues 15526: 15519: 15512: 15503: 15502: 15494: 15414: 15407: 15400: 15391: 15390: 15378: 15377: 15325:Saint Barthélemy 15255:Dependencies and 15128:Sovereign states 15114: 15107: 15100: 15091: 15090: 15082: 15032:Sovereign states 15024:Central America 15017: 15010: 15003: 14994: 14993: 14896: 14894:Nicaragua portal 14891: 14890: 14889: 14868: 14861: 14854: 14845: 14844: 14832: 14831: 14819: 14818: 14795: 14788: 14781: 14751:National symbols 14661: 14660: 14657: 14656: 14608:Economic history 14603: 14578: 14577: 14485: 14484: 14404: 14403: 14346:Spanish conquest 14314: 14307: 14300: 14291: 14290: 14209: 14208: 14095: 14078: 14077: 14062: 14061: 14059: 14057: 14048:. 22 June 2021. 14036: 14030: 14017: 14011: 14010: 14008: 14006: 13991: 13985: 13984: 13982: 13980: 13965: 13959: 13958: 13956: 13954: 13939: 13933: 13932: 13930: 13928: 13919:. Archived from 13908: 13902: 13901: 13899: 13897: 13877: 13868: 13867: 13865: 13863: 13844: 13838: 13837: 13835: 13833: 13805: 13799: 13798: 13796: 13794: 13774: 13768: 13767: 13765: 13763: 13748: 13737: 13736: 13734: 13732: 13713: 13707: 13706: 13704: 13702: 13687: 13681: 13680: 13678: 13676: 13661: 13655: 13654: 13652: 13650: 13641:. Archived from 13639:Encyclopedia.com 13631: 13622: 13621: 13619: 13617: 13598: 13592: 13591: 13585: 13580: 13578: 13570: 13568: 13566: 13560: 13537: 13529: 13523: 13522: 13520: 13518: 13499: 13493: 13492: 13490: 13488: 13469: 13463: 13462: 13460: 13458: 13452: 13445: 13437: 13431: 13430: 13428: 13426: 13406: 13397: 13396: 13394: 13392: 13386: 13379: 13370: 13364: 13363: 13361: 13359: 13344: 13338: 13337: 13335: 13333: 13328:on 22 April 2017 13318: 13312: 13311: 13309: 13307: 13298:. Archived from 13287: 13281: 13280: 13278: 13276: 13256: 13250: 13249: 13247: 13245: 13236:. Archived from 13225: 13219: 13218: 13216: 13214: 13199: 13193: 13183: 13177: 13174: 13168: 13165: 13156: 13155: 13153: 13151: 13146:on 27 April 2014 13142:. Archived from 13129: 13123: 13122: 13120: 13118: 13097: 13091: 13090: 13088: 13086: 13080: 13074:. Archived from 13073: 13065: 13059: 13058: 13056: 13054: 13035: 13029: 13016: 13010: 13009: 13007: 13005: 12989: 12983: 12970: 12964: 12963: 12961: 12959: 12940: 12934: 12933: 12931: 12929: 12909: 12900: 12899: 12897: 12895: 12875: 12869: 12868: 12866: 12864: 12845: 12839: 12838: 12836: 12834: 12819: 12813: 12812: 12802: 12770: 12764: 12763: 12761: 12759: 12740: 12734: 12733: 12731: 12729: 12718:www.columbia.edu 12714:"LADR About NSL" 12710: 12704: 12703: 12701: 12699: 12684: 12678: 12677: 12675: 12673: 12654: 12648: 12647: 12645: 12643: 12628: 12622: 12621: 12619: 12617: 12611: 12604: 12595: 12589: 12588: 12586: 12584: 12564: 12558: 12557: 12549: 12543: 12542: 12540: 12538: 12519: 12513: 12512: 12510: 12508: 12499:. Archived from 12489: 12483: 12482: 12480: 12478: 12459: 12453: 12452: 12450: 12448: 12429: 12423: 12410: 12404: 12403: 12401: 12399: 12380: 12374: 12373: 12371: 12369: 12363: 12352: 12344: 12335: 12334: 12332: 12330: 12324: 12313: 12305: 12299: 12298: 12296: 12294: 12275: 12269: 12268: 12266: 12264: 12249: 12243: 12242: 12232: 12200: 12194: 12193: 12191: 12189: 12179: 12171: 12165: 12164: 12162: 12160: 12145: 12139: 12138: 12136: 12134: 12125:. Archived from 12115: 12109: 12108: 12106: 12104: 12099:on 7 August 2007 12095:. Archived from 12085: 12079: 12078: 12076: 12074: 12055: 12049: 12048: 12046: 12044: 12025: 12019: 12018: 12016: 12014: 11995: 11989: 11988: 11986: 11984: 11964: 11958: 11957: 11955: 11953: 11937: 11931: 11930: 11928: 11926: 11911: 11905: 11904: 11902: 11900: 11885: 11879: 11878: 11876: 11874: 11865:. Archived from 11853: 11847: 11846: 11844: 11842: 11822: 11816: 11815: 11813: 11811: 11802:. Archived from 11792: 11786: 11785: 11783: 11781: 11761: 11752: 11751: 11749: 11747: 11732: 11726: 11725: 11723: 11721: 11702: 11696: 11695: 11693: 11691: 11672: 11666: 11665: 11663: 11661: 11641: 11635: 11634: 11632: 11630: 11611: 11605: 11604: 11602: 11600: 11585: 11579: 11578: 11572: 11568: 11566: 11558: 11556: 11554: 11514: 11509: 11507: 11484: 11478: 11477: 11475: 11473: 11464:. Archived from 11459: 11450: 11444: 11437: 11431: 11424: 11418: 11405: 11399: 11398: 11396: 11394: 11375: 11369: 11368: 11366: 11364: 11344: 11338: 11325: 11319: 11318: 11316: 11314: 11298: 11292: 11291: 11289: 11287: 11268: 11262: 11261: 11259: 11257: 11248:. Archived from 11242: 11236: 11235: 11233: 11231: 11212: 11206: 11205: 11203: 11201: 11182: 11176: 11175: 11169: 11165: 11163: 11155: 11153: 11151: 11115: 11109: 11108: 11106: 11104: 11095:. Archived from 11085: 11079: 11078: 11076: 11074: 11059: 11053: 11052: 11050: 11048: 11039:. Archived from 11028: 11022: 11021: 11019: 11017: 11002: 10996: 10995: 10993: 10991: 10976: 10970: 10969: 10967: 10965: 10959: 10948: 10942: 10941: 10939: 10937: 10922: 10916: 10915: 10913: 10911: 10902:. Archived from 10892: 10886: 10885: 10883: 10881: 10866: 10860: 10859: 10857: 10855: 10850:on 24 April 2013 10840: 10834: 10833: 10831: 10829: 10810: 10804: 10803: 10801: 10799: 10793: 10786: 10778: 10772: 10771: 10769: 10767: 10752: 10746: 10745: 10743: 10741: 10722: 10713: 10712: 10710: 10708: 10693: 10687: 10686: 10684: 10682: 10661: 10655: 10654: 10652: 10650: 10635: 10629: 10628: 10626: 10624: 10608: 10602: 10601: 10599: 10597: 10581: 10575: 10574: 10572: 10570: 10551: 10545: 10544: 10542: 10540: 10525: 10519: 10518: 10516: 10514: 10509:on 2 August 2017 10505:. Archived from 10499: 10493: 10492: 10490: 10488: 10477:Evening Standard 10468: 10462: 10461: 10459: 10457: 10437: 10431: 10430: 10428: 10426: 10407: 10401: 10400: 10378: 10372: 10371: 10369: 10367: 10352: 10346: 10345: 10343: 10341: 10321: 10315: 10314: 10312: 10310: 10301:. Archived from 10286: 10280: 10279: 10277: 10275: 10266:. Archived from 10251: 10245: 10244: 10242: 10240: 10221: 10215: 10214: 10212: 10210: 10190: 10184: 10183: 10181: 10179: 10164: 10158: 10157: 10144: 10111: 10110: 10108: 10106: 10097:. Archived from 10087: 10081: 10080: 10078: 10076: 10057: 10051: 10050: 10040: 10022: 9990: 9984: 9983: 9981: 9979: 9964: 9958: 9957: 9955: 9953: 9931: 9925: 9924: 9922: 9920: 9900: 9894: 9893: 9891: 9889: 9870: 9864: 9863: 9861: 9859: 9844: 9838: 9837: 9835: 9833: 9813: 9807: 9806: 9804: 9802: 9783: 9777: 9776: 9774: 9772: 9753: 9744: 9726: 9720: 9719: 9717: 9715: 9696: 9690: 9689: 9687: 9685: 9666: 9660: 9659: 9657: 9655: 9635: 9629: 9628: 9626: 9624: 9608: 9602: 9601: 9599: 9597: 9577: 9571: 9570: 9568: 9566: 9547: 9541: 9540: 9538: 9536: 9521: 9515: 9514: 9512: 9510: 9494: 9488: 9487: 9485: 9483: 9467: 9461: 9460: 9458: 9456: 9437: 9431: 9430: 9428: 9426: 9406: 9400: 9399: 9397: 9395: 9373: 9367: 9366: 9364: 9362: 9343: 9337: 9336: 9334: 9332: 9313: 9307: 9306: 9304: 9302: 9282: 9276: 9275: 9273: 9271: 9256: 9250: 9249: 9247: 9245: 9229: 9223: 9222: 9220: 9218: 9199: 9193: 9192: 9190: 9188: 9173: 9167: 9166: 9164: 9162: 9151: 9145: 9139: 9133: 9132: 9130: 9128: 9122: 9116:. Archived from 9115: 9107: 9101: 9100: 9076: 9070: 9069: 9067: 9065: 9045: 9039: 9038: 9036: 9034: 9015: 9009: 9008: 9006: 9004: 8985: 8979: 8978: 8976: 8974: 8959: 8953: 8952: 8950: 8948: 8929: 8923: 8909: 8903: 8889: 8883: 8882: 8880: 8878: 8859: 8853: 8850: 8844: 8841: 8835: 8818: 8812: 8811: 8809: 8807: 8802:on 28 April 2008 8801: 8794: 8785: 8779: 8778: 8776: 8773:Turning the Tide 8766: 8760: 8759: 8741: 8735: 8734: 8732: 8730: 8711: 8702: 8680: 8674: 8661: 8655: 8654: 8652: 8650: 8645:on 26 April 2006 8635: 8629: 8628: 8608: 8602: 8601: 8599: 8597: 8577: 8571: 8570: 8568: 8566: 8546: 8540: 8539: 8537: 8535: 8515: 8509: 8508: 8506: 8504: 8489: 8480: 8479: 8452: 8446: 8445: 8443: 8441: 8426: 8420: 8419: 8417: 8415: 8399: 8393: 8392: 8390: 8388: 8369: 8363: 8362: 8360: 8358: 8353:on 27 April 2007 8343: 8337: 8336: 8334: 8332: 8313: 8307: 8306: 8304: 8302: 8287: 8281: 8280: 8278: 8276: 8260: 8254: 8253: 8251: 8249: 8230: 8224: 8223: 8221: 8219: 8213: 8206: 8198: 8192: 8191: 8189: 8187: 8172: 8166: 8152: 8146: 8145: 8137: 8131: 8130: 8128: 8126: 8117:. Archived from 8094: 8088: 8087: 8085: 8083: 8077: 8070: 8062: 8056: 8055: 8053: 8051: 8035: 8029: 8028: 8026: 8024: 8009: 8003: 8002: 8000: 7998: 7989:. Archived from 7983: 7977: 7976: 7974: 7972: 7953: 7938: 7937: 7935: 7933: 7917: 7911: 7910: 7908: 7906: 7887: 7881: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7857: 7851: 7850: 7848: 7846: 7837:. Archived from 7835:Socialist Worker 7827: 7821: 7820: 7818: 7816: 7788: 7782: 7781: 7774: 7768: 7767: 7757: 7751: 7750: 7724: 7718: 7717: 7715: 7713: 7698:The Grizzly Bear 7692:Juda, F (1919). 7689: 7683: 7682: 7672: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7661: 7646: 7640: 7639: 7633: 7631: 7612: 7606: 7605: 7603: 7601: 7573: 7567: 7566: 7538: 7532: 7531: 7529: 7527: 7499: 7490: 7489: 7487: 7485: 7457: 7446: 7445: 7437: 7431: 7430: 7428: 7426: 7407: 7398: 7385: 7379: 7378: 7376: 7374: 7355: 7349: 7348: 7328: 7322: 7321: 7305: 7295: 7289: 7288: 7286: 7284: 7265: 7254: 7253: 7251: 7249: 7234: 7228: 7227: 7209: 7200: 7199: 7179: 7173: 7172: 7163:(126): 229–230. 7152: 7146: 7145: 7101: 7095: 7094: 7074: 7063: 7061: 7059: 7057: 7038: 7029: 7028: 7010: 6977: 6976: 6968: 6962: 6941: 6935: 6934: 6922: 6912: 6881: 6880: 6860: 6854: 6853: 6851: 6849: 6830: 6824: 6823: 6821: 6819: 6814:on 12 April 2017 6799: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6785: 6766: 6751: 6750: 6742: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6723:on 12 April 2017 6708: 6702: 6701: 6699: 6697: 6677: 6671: 6670: 6668: 6666: 6661:on 1 August 2017 6646: 6637: 6636: 6634: 6632: 6613: 6604: 6603: 6601: 6599: 6584: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6573: 6554: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6495: 6489: 6488: 6486: 6484: 6464: 6458: 6457: 6455: 6453: 6433: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6422: 6402: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6391: 6371: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6360: 6346: 6338: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6324: 6304: 6295: 6290: 6284: 6283: 6281: 6279: 6273: 6262: 6254: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6243: 6220: 6214: 6213: 6211: 6209: 6186: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6168: 6148: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6137: 6122: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6102: 6083: 6077: 6076: 6074: 6072: 6058: 6050: 6044: 6043: 6033: 6009: 6003: 6002: 6000: 5998: 5992: 5984: 5978: 5965: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5954: 5935: 5929: 5917: 5900: 5898: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5881: 5875: 5874: 5873: 5872: 5866: 5861: 5857: 5856: 5855: 5854: 5847: 5844: 5843: 5840: 5837: 5834: 5829: 5828: 5825: 5822: 5819: 5814: 5813: 5810: 5807: 5804: 5801: 5798: 5795: 5792: 5789: 5786: 5783: 5774: 5768: 5763:As shown on the 5761: 5724: 5719: 5718: 5717: 5710: 5708:Nicaragua portal 5705: 5704: 5703: 5684:beach volleyball 5347:, among others. 5341:Claribel Alegría 5333:Ernesto Cardenal 5231:and in Managua. 5163:Nicaraguan music 5110:European culture 4510: 4500: 4473: 4434: 4418: 4417: 4364:, spoken by the 4362:Miskito language 4155:San Juan del Sur 4059: 4058: 3902:San Juan del Sur 3820:San Juan del Sur 3695:overexploitation 3552: 3544: 3538: 3535: 3521: 3513: 3507: 3504: 3490: 3482: 3476: 3473: 3459: 3451: 3445: 3442: 3428: 3420: 3414: 3411: 3397: 3389: 3383: 3380: 3366: 3358: 3352: 3349: 3335: 3328: 3324: 3318: 3315: 3301: 3294: 3290: 3284: 3281: 3267: 3259: 3253: 3250: 3236: 3228: 3222: 3219: 3205: 3197: 3191: 3188: 3174: 3166: 3160: 3157: 3143: 3135: 3129: 3126: 3112: 3104: 3098: 3095: 3081: 3073: 3067: 3064: 3050: 3042: 3036: 3033: 3019: 3009: 3002: 3001: 2998: 2997: 2857:have been rated 2833:Quita Sueño Bank 2788:a fourth in 2021 2701: 2694: 2690: 2687: 2681: 2679: 2638: 2614: 2606: 2559:wildlife refuges 2294:Nicaraguan shark 2229:Pacific lowlands 2021:money laundering 1979:Violeta Chamorro 1940:Violeta Chamorro 1816: 1717:Roberto Clemente 1655:Second World War 1643:Guardia Nacional 1578:Guardia Nacional 1550:violent conflict 1463:by sea, via the 1296:Rivas Department 1088: 1082: 1068: 1055: 1049: 942:to the west and 846: 813: 812: 806: 805: 799: 788: 787: 779: 763: 762: 744: 743: 727: 711: 710: 692: 691: 675: 586: 560:• from the 547:• from the 527:• Declared 517: 467: 290: 260: 243: 242: 240: 239: 238: 233: 229: 226: 225: 224: 221: 206:and largest city 199: 189: 188: 175: 171: 167: 152: 151: 142: 134: 114: 100: 82: 71: 70: 21: 16798: 16797: 16793: 16792: 16791: 16789: 16788: 16787: 16733: 16732: 16724:13.133; -85.117 16723: 16721: 16717: 16714: 16709: 16706: 16704: 16702: 16701: 16699: 16694: 16693: 16688: 16687: 16682: 16670: 16643: 16495: 16371:Solomon Islands 16266:North Macedonia 15804: 15780:Roberto Azevêdo 15758: 15685: 15678: 15607: 15571: 15535: 15530: 15500: 15495: 15486: 15423: 15418: 15383: 15375: 15370: 15369: 15364: 15258: 15256: 15249: 15123: 15118: 15088: 15083: 15074: 15026: 15021: 14991: 14986: 14892: 14887: 14885: 14877: 14872: 14837: 14824: 14816: 14811: 14798: 14791: 14784: 14777: 14760: 14756:Public holidays 14707: 14642: 14618:Nicaragua Canal 14601: 14563: 14529:Law enforcement 14470: 14466:Water resources 14451:Protected areas 14393: 14327: 14318: 14285:Wayback Machine 14272:Wayback Machine 14265:Visit Nicaragua 14261: 14249:Wayback Machine 14236:Wayback Machine 14229:Nicaraguaportal 14223:Wayback Machine 14206: 14197:Wayback Machine 14179: 14130:Wayback Machine 14107: 14102: 14084: 14075: 14071: 14066: 14065: 14055: 14053: 14038: 14037: 14033: 14027:Wayback Machine 14018: 14014: 14004: 14002: 14001:on 24 June 2011 13993: 13992: 13988: 13978: 13976: 13967: 13966: 13962: 13952: 13950: 13941: 13940: 13936: 13926: 13924: 13909: 13905: 13895: 13893: 13886:Latino Baseball 13878: 13871: 13861: 13859: 13846: 13845: 13841: 13831: 13829: 13822: 13806: 13802: 13792: 13790: 13775: 13771: 13761: 13759: 13750: 13749: 13740: 13730: 13728: 13715: 13714: 13710: 13700: 13698: 13689: 13688: 13684: 13674: 13672: 13663: 13662: 13658: 13648: 13646: 13633: 13632: 13625: 13615: 13613: 13600: 13599: 13595: 13583: 13581: 13572: 13571: 13564: 13562: 13558: 13535: 13531: 13530: 13526: 13516: 13514: 13513:on 26 June 2020 13501: 13500: 13496: 13486: 13484: 13471: 13470: 13466: 13456: 13454: 13450: 13443: 13439: 13438: 13434: 13424: 13422: 13407: 13400: 13390: 13388: 13384: 13377: 13371: 13367: 13357: 13355: 13346: 13345: 13341: 13331: 13329: 13320: 13319: 13315: 13305: 13303: 13288: 13284: 13274: 13272: 13265:Country Studies 13257: 13253: 13243: 13241: 13226: 13222: 13212: 13210: 13201: 13200: 13196: 13184: 13180: 13175: 13171: 13166: 13159: 13149: 13147: 13130: 13126: 13116: 13114: 13106:El Nuevo Diario 13099: 13098: 13094: 13084: 13082: 13078: 13071: 13067: 13066: 13062: 13052: 13050: 13037: 13036: 13032: 13026:Wayback Machine 13017: 13013: 13003: 13001: 12990: 12986: 12980:Wayback Machine 12971: 12967: 12957: 12955: 12948:Mormon Newsroom 12942: 12941: 12937: 12927: 12925: 12918:Country Studies 12910: 12903: 12893: 12891: 12876: 12872: 12862: 12860: 12847: 12846: 12842: 12832: 12830: 12821: 12820: 12816: 12771: 12767: 12757: 12755: 12742: 12741: 12737: 12727: 12725: 12712: 12711: 12707: 12697: 12695: 12686: 12685: 12681: 12671: 12669: 12656: 12655: 12651: 12641: 12639: 12630: 12629: 12625: 12615: 12613: 12609: 12602: 12596: 12592: 12582: 12580: 12565: 12561: 12550: 12546: 12536: 12534: 12521: 12520: 12516: 12506: 12504: 12503:on 27 June 2015 12491: 12490: 12486: 12476: 12474: 12461: 12460: 12456: 12446: 12444: 12431: 12430: 12426: 12420:Wayback Machine 12411: 12407: 12397: 12395: 12382: 12381: 12377: 12367: 12365: 12361: 12350: 12346: 12345: 12338: 12328: 12326: 12322: 12311: 12307: 12306: 12302: 12292: 12290: 12277: 12276: 12272: 12262: 12260: 12251: 12250: 12246: 12201: 12197: 12187: 12185: 12177: 12173: 12172: 12168: 12158: 12156: 12147: 12146: 12142: 12132: 12130: 12129:on 6 March 2017 12117: 12116: 12112: 12102: 12100: 12087: 12086: 12082: 12072: 12070: 12057: 12056: 12052: 12042: 12040: 12027: 12026: 12022: 12012: 12010: 11997: 11996: 11992: 11982: 11980: 11965: 11961: 11951: 11949: 11938: 11934: 11924: 11922: 11913: 11912: 11908: 11898: 11896: 11887: 11886: 11882: 11872: 11870: 11855: 11854: 11850: 11840: 11838: 11823: 11819: 11809: 11807: 11794: 11793: 11789: 11779: 11777: 11776:on 17 July 2007 11762: 11755: 11745: 11743: 11734: 11733: 11729: 11719: 11717: 11704: 11703: 11699: 11689: 11687: 11674: 11673: 11669: 11659: 11657: 11656:on 2 March 2014 11642: 11638: 11628: 11626: 11613: 11612: 11608: 11598: 11596: 11587: 11586: 11582: 11570: 11569: 11560: 11559: 11552: 11550: 11540: 11515: 11505: 11503: 11486: 11485: 11481: 11471: 11469: 11457: 11451: 11447: 11441:Walmart Pay Gap 11439:Sarah Anderson 11438: 11434: 11425: 11421: 11415:Wayback Machine 11406: 11402: 11392: 11390: 11377: 11376: 11372: 11362: 11360: 11353:Country Studies 11345: 11341: 11336:Wayback Machine 11326: 11322: 11312: 11310: 11299: 11295: 11285: 11283: 11270: 11269: 11265: 11255: 11253: 11244: 11243: 11239: 11229: 11227: 11214: 11213: 11209: 11199: 11197: 11184: 11183: 11179: 11167: 11166: 11157: 11156: 11149: 11147: 11140: 11116: 11112: 11102: 11100: 11087: 11086: 11082: 11072: 11070: 11061: 11060: 11056: 11046: 11044: 11029: 11025: 11015: 11013: 11004: 11003: 10999: 10989: 10987: 10978: 10977: 10973: 10963: 10961: 10960:on 25 June 2020 10950: 10949: 10945: 10935: 10933: 10924: 10923: 10919: 10909: 10907: 10894: 10893: 10889: 10879: 10877: 10868: 10867: 10863: 10853: 10851: 10842: 10841: 10837: 10827: 10825: 10812: 10811: 10807: 10797: 10795: 10791: 10784: 10780: 10779: 10775: 10765: 10763: 10754: 10753: 10749: 10739: 10737: 10724: 10723: 10716: 10706: 10704: 10695: 10694: 10690: 10680: 10678: 10663: 10662: 10658: 10648: 10646: 10637: 10636: 10632: 10622: 10620: 10615:. White House. 10609: 10605: 10595: 10593: 10582: 10578: 10568: 10566: 10553: 10552: 10548: 10538: 10536: 10535:on 5 April 2007 10527: 10526: 10522: 10512: 10510: 10501: 10500: 10496: 10486: 10484: 10469: 10465: 10455: 10453: 10438: 10434: 10424: 10422: 10409: 10408: 10404: 10393: 10379: 10375: 10365: 10363: 10354: 10353: 10349: 10339: 10337: 10322: 10318: 10308: 10306: 10287: 10283: 10273: 10271: 10270:on 13 July 2010 10264:El Nuevo Diario 10252: 10248: 10238: 10236: 10223: 10222: 10218: 10208: 10206: 10191: 10187: 10177: 10175: 10166: 10165: 10161: 10155: 10145: 10114: 10104: 10102: 10101:on 5 April 2007 10089: 10088: 10084: 10074: 10072: 10065:factmonster.com 10059: 10058: 10054: 9991: 9987: 9977: 9975: 9966: 9965: 9961: 9951: 9949: 9932: 9928: 9918: 9916: 9901: 9897: 9887: 9885: 9872: 9871: 9867: 9857: 9855: 9846: 9845: 9841: 9831: 9829: 9814: 9810: 9800: 9798: 9785: 9784: 9780: 9770: 9768: 9763:. 3 June 2017. 9755: 9754: 9747: 9741:Wayback Machine 9727: 9723: 9713: 9711: 9698: 9697: 9693: 9683: 9681: 9668: 9667: 9663: 9653: 9651: 9636: 9632: 9622: 9620: 9609: 9605: 9595: 9593: 9578: 9574: 9564: 9562: 9549: 9548: 9544: 9534: 9532: 9523: 9522: 9518: 9508: 9506: 9495: 9491: 9481: 9479: 9468: 9464: 9454: 9452: 9439: 9438: 9434: 9424: 9422: 9407: 9403: 9393: 9391: 9374: 9370: 9360: 9358: 9345: 9344: 9340: 9330: 9328: 9315: 9314: 9310: 9300: 9298: 9283: 9279: 9269: 9267: 9258: 9257: 9253: 9243: 9241: 9230: 9226: 9216: 9214: 9201: 9200: 9196: 9186: 9184: 9175: 9174: 9170: 9160: 9158: 9152: 9148: 9140: 9136: 9126: 9124: 9120: 9113: 9109: 9108: 9104: 9097: 9077: 9073: 9063: 9061: 9046: 9042: 9032: 9030: 9017: 9016: 9012: 9002: 9000: 8987: 8986: 8982: 8972: 8970: 8961: 8960: 8956: 8946: 8944: 8931: 8930: 8926: 8910: 8906: 8890: 8886: 8876: 8874: 8861: 8860: 8856: 8851: 8847: 8842: 8838: 8828:Wayback Machine 8819: 8815: 8805: 8803: 8799: 8792: 8786: 8782: 8767: 8763: 8756: 8742: 8738: 8728: 8726: 8713: 8712: 8705: 8699:Wayback Machine 8681: 8677: 8671:Wayback Machine 8662: 8658: 8648: 8646: 8637: 8636: 8632: 8625: 8609: 8605: 8595: 8593: 8578: 8574: 8564: 8562: 8547: 8543: 8533: 8531: 8516: 8512: 8502: 8500: 8491: 8490: 8483: 8476: 8453: 8449: 8439: 8437: 8428: 8427: 8423: 8413: 8411: 8400: 8396: 8386: 8384: 8371: 8370: 8366: 8356: 8354: 8345: 8344: 8340: 8330: 8328: 8315: 8314: 8310: 8300: 8298: 8289: 8288: 8284: 8274: 8272: 8271:on 28 June 2009 8261: 8257: 8247: 8245: 8232: 8231: 8227: 8217: 8215: 8211: 8204: 8200: 8199: 8195: 8185: 8183: 8174: 8173: 8169: 8153: 8149: 8138: 8134: 8124: 8122: 8095: 8091: 8081: 8079: 8075: 8068: 8064: 8063: 8059: 8049: 8047: 8036: 8032: 8022: 8020: 8011: 8010: 8006: 7996: 7994: 7985: 7984: 7980: 7970: 7968: 7955: 7954: 7941: 7931: 7929: 7928:on 3 April 2007 7918: 7914: 7904: 7902: 7889: 7888: 7884: 7874: 7872: 7859: 7858: 7854: 7844: 7842: 7829: 7828: 7824: 7814: 7812: 7805: 7789: 7785: 7776: 7775: 7771: 7758: 7754: 7747: 7725: 7721: 7711: 7709: 7690: 7686: 7673: 7669: 7659: 7657: 7648: 7647: 7643: 7629: 7627: 7614: 7613: 7609: 7599: 7597: 7590: 7574: 7570: 7555:10.2307/2509898 7539: 7535: 7525: 7523: 7516: 7500: 7493: 7483: 7481: 7474: 7458: 7449: 7438: 7434: 7424: 7422: 7409: 7408: 7401: 7395:Wayback Machine 7386: 7382: 7372: 7370: 7357: 7356: 7352: 7345: 7329: 7325: 7318: 7296: 7292: 7282: 7280: 7267: 7266: 7257: 7247: 7245: 7244:on 3 April 2007 7236: 7235: 7231: 7224: 7210: 7203: 7196: 7180: 7176: 7153: 7149: 7102: 7098: 7091: 7075: 7066: 7055: 7053: 7040: 7039: 7032: 7025: 7011: 6980: 6975:. 13 June 2007. 6970: 6969: 6965: 6951:Wayback Machine 6942: 6938: 6931: 6913: 6884: 6877: 6861: 6857: 6847: 6845: 6838:El Nuevo Diario 6832: 6831: 6827: 6817: 6815: 6800: 6793: 6783: 6781: 6774:El Nuevo Diario 6768: 6767: 6754: 6747:El Nuevo Diario 6743: 6736: 6726: 6724: 6717:El Nuevo Diario 6709: 6705: 6695: 6693: 6678: 6674: 6664: 6662: 6647: 6640: 6630: 6628: 6615: 6614: 6607: 6597: 6595: 6586: 6585: 6581: 6571: 6569: 6556: 6555: 6551: 6541: 6539: 6496: 6492: 6482: 6480: 6473:research.un.org 6467:Kurtas, Susan. 6465: 6461: 6451: 6449: 6434: 6430: 6420: 6418: 6403: 6399: 6389: 6387: 6372: 6368: 6358: 6356: 6349:The Independent 6339: 6332: 6322: 6320: 6305: 6298: 6291: 6287: 6277: 6275: 6271: 6260: 6256: 6255: 6251: 6241: 6239: 6222: 6221: 6217: 6207: 6205: 6188: 6187: 6176: 6166: 6164: 6150: 6149: 6145: 6135: 6133: 6124: 6123: 6110: 6100: 6098: 6093:. 30 May 2019. 6085: 6084: 6080: 6070: 6068: 6051: 6047: 6010: 6006: 5996: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5985: 5981: 5975:Wayback Machine 5966: 5962: 5952: 5950: 5937: 5936: 5932: 5927:Wayback Machine 5918: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5903: 5892: 5889: 5888: 5882: 5878: 5868: 5867: 5859: 5850: 5849: 5831: 5816: 5780: 5776: 5775: 5771: 5762: 5758: 5753: 5720: 5715: 5713: 5706: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5643:Ricardo Mayorga 5639:Alexis Argüello 5613:Dennis Martínez 5605:Vicente Padilla 5572: 5556:El Nuevo Diario 5545: 5539: 5389: 5383: 5306:oral literature 5275: 5269: 5257:Bachata dancing 5248: 5242: 5148: 5142: 5084: 5078: 5045: 5039: 5037:Gender equality 4995: 4989: 4965: 4959: 4927: 4921: 4881: 4875: 4851:resident aliens 4845:, most of them 4792:Moravian Church 4722:Catholic Church 4692: 4686: 4681: 4511: 4505: 4501: 4474: 4442: 4441: 4435: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4415: 4396:Garifuna people 4389:Rama Cay Creole 4315: 4309: 4257: 4202: 4189:Afro-Nicaraguan 4181: 4057: 4049:Main articles: 4047: 3813:Royal Caribbean 3805: 3799: 3791:Nicaragua Canal 3668:In March 2007, 3571: 3565: 3548: 3540: 3536: 3517: 3509: 3505: 3486: 3478: 3474: 3455: 3447: 3443: 3424: 3416: 3412: 3393: 3385: 3381: 3362: 3354: 3350: 3331: 3326: 3320: 3316: 3297: 3292: 3286: 3282: 3263: 3255: 3251: 3232: 3224: 3220: 3201: 3193: 3189: 3170: 3162: 3158: 3139: 3131: 3127: 3108: 3100: 3096: 3077: 3069: 3065: 3046: 3038: 3034: 3015: 3007: 2979:Nicaragua is a 2977: 2971: 2941: 2935: 2933:Law enforcement 2873: 2867: 2821: 2815: 2756:Executive power 2721:Dmitry Medvedev 2702: 2691: 2685: 2682: 2639: 2637: 2627: 2615: 2604: 2598: 2563:nature reserves 2516: 2510: 2508:Flora and fauna 2496:, white-tailed 2415: 2386:of the region. 2357:tierra templada 2330: 2306:tierra caliente 2286:Gulf of Fonseca 2243:Maderas volcano 2231: 2204:Caribbean Plate 2192:protected areas 2157:Gulf of Fonseca 2118: 2112: 2104:Main articles: 2102: 2091:In April 2018, 2013:Enrique Bolaños 1956:Hurricane Mitch 1928: 1828: 1822: 1814: 1739: 1733: 1673:(19 December), 1669:(11 December), 1665:(11 December), 1648:rigged election 1616:Rafael Trujillo 1600: 1525:Nicaragua Canal 1521: 1515: 1492:autonomous area 1391: 1272:Central America 1245: 1235: 1191:Mangue language 1106: 1101: 1095: 1069:, which meant " 1053:Macuilmiquiztli 1023: 974:transferred to 916:Central America 841: 810: 809: 808: 797: 786:high inequality 785: 784: 783: 777: 756: 737: 725: 704: 685: 669: 653: 642:6,359,689 ( 639: 622: 608: 587: 584: 574: 564: 551: 538: 528: 504: 481:Rosario Murillo 477: 463: 460: 428: 407: 395: 360: 352: 313: 303: 299:Rama Cay Creole 286: 258: 237:12.100; -86.233 236: 234: 230: 227: 222: 219: 217: 215: 214: 213: 207: 190: 179: 176: 173: 172: 169: 148:In God We Trust 145: 144: 143: 136: 122: 121: 120: 115: 107: 106: 101: 88: 76: 67: 60: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 16796: 16786: 16785: 16780: 16775: 16770: 16765: 16760: 16755: 16750: 16745: 16696: 16695: 16690: 16689: 16684: 16683: 16667: 16666: 16659: 16652: 16649: 16648: 16645: 16644: 16642: 16641: 16636: 16631: 16626: 16621: 16616: 16611: 16606: 16601: 16596: 16591: 16586: 16581: 16576: 16571: 16566: 16561: 16556: 16551: 16546: 16541: 16536: 16534:Czech Republic 16531: 16526: 16521: 16516: 16511: 16505: 16503: 16501:European Union 16494: 16493: 16488: 16483: 16478: 16473: 16468: 16463: 16458: 16456:United Kingdom 16453: 16448: 16443: 16438: 16433: 16428: 16423: 16418: 16413: 16408: 16403: 16398: 16393: 16388: 16383: 16378: 16373: 16368: 16363: 16358: 16353: 16348: 16343: 16338: 16333: 16328: 16323: 16318: 16313: 16308: 16303: 16298: 16293: 16288: 16283: 16278: 16273: 16268: 16263: 16258: 16253: 16248: 16243: 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15585: 15579: 15577: 15573: 15572: 15570: 15569: 15564: 15559: 15554: 15552:Appellate Body 15549: 15543: 15541: 15537: 15536: 15529: 15528: 15521: 15514: 15506: 15497: 15496: 15489: 15487: 15485: 15484: 15479: 15474: 15469: 15464: 15459: 15454: 15449: 15444: 15439: 15433: 15431: 15425: 15424: 15417: 15416: 15409: 15402: 15394: 15388: 15385: 15384: 15372: 15371: 15366: 15365: 15363: 15362: 15357: 15352: 15347: 15345:Sint Eustatius 15342: 15337: 15332: 15327: 15322: 15317: 15312: 15307: 15302: 15297: 15292: 15290:Cayman Islands 15287: 15282: 15277: 15272: 15267: 15261: 15259: 15254: 15251: 15250: 15248: 15247: 15242: 15237: 15232: 15227: 15222: 15217: 15212: 15207: 15202: 15197: 15192: 15187: 15182: 15177: 15172: 15167: 15162: 15157: 15152: 15147: 15142: 15137: 15131: 15129: 15125: 15124: 15121:North America 15117: 15116: 15109: 15102: 15094: 15085: 15084: 15077: 15075: 15073: 15072: 15067: 15062: 15057: 15052: 15047: 15042: 15036: 15034: 15028: 15027: 15020: 15019: 15012: 15005: 14997: 14988: 14987: 14985: 14984: 14979: 14974: 14969: 14964: 14959: 14954: 14949: 14944: 14939: 14934: 14929: 14924: 14919: 14914: 14909: 14904: 14898: 14897: 14882: 14879: 14878: 14871: 14870: 14863: 14856: 14848: 14842: 14839: 14838: 14829: 14826: 14825: 14813: 14812: 14810: 14809: 14804: 14797: 14796: 14789: 14782: 14774: 14773: 14770: 14769: 14766: 14765: 14762: 14761: 14759: 14758: 14753: 14748: 14743: 14738: 14733: 14728: 14723: 14717: 14715: 14709: 14708: 14706: 14705: 14700: 14695: 14690: 14685: 14680: 14675: 14670: 14664: 14654: 14648: 14647: 14644: 14643: 14641: 14640: 14635: 14630: 14625: 14623:Stock Exchange 14620: 14615: 14610: 14605: 14597: 14592: 14587: 14581: 14575: 14569: 14568: 14565: 14564: 14562: 14561: 14556: 14551: 14546: 14541: 14536: 14531: 14526: 14525: 14524: 14514: 14509: 14504: 14499: 14494: 14488: 14482: 14476: 14475: 14472: 14471: 14469: 14468: 14463: 14458: 14453: 14448: 14446:Municipalities 14443: 14438: 14433: 14428: 14423: 14418: 14413: 14411:Climate change 14407: 14401: 14395: 14394: 14392: 14391: 14386: 14381: 14373: 14368: 14363: 14361:Mosquito Coast 14358: 14353: 14348: 14343: 14337: 14335: 14329: 14328: 14317: 14316: 14309: 14302: 14294: 14288: 14287: 14274: 14260: 14257: 14256: 14255: 14239: 14226: 14213: 14203: 14187: 14161: 14152: 14143: 14119: 14118: 14114: 14113: 14106: 14103: 14101: 14100:External links 14098: 14097: 14096: 14070: 14067: 14064: 14063: 14031: 14012: 13986: 13971:(in Spanish). 13960: 13934: 13903: 13892:on 2 July 2007 13869: 13839: 13820: 13800: 13769: 13738: 13708: 13682: 13656: 13623: 13593: 13584:|journal= 13524: 13494: 13464: 13432: 13398: 13365: 13339: 13313: 13302:on 3 July 2007 13282: 13251: 13220: 13194: 13178: 13169: 13157: 13124: 13113:on 6 July 2012 13092: 13081:on 11 May 2011 13060: 13043:Joshua Project 13030: 13011: 12984: 12965: 12935: 12901: 12870: 12840: 12814: 12765: 12735: 12705: 12679: 12649: 12623: 12605:. ALFAL 2014. 12590: 12573:The Tico Times 12559: 12544: 12514: 12484: 12454: 12424: 12405: 12375: 12336: 12300: 12270: 12244: 12195: 12166: 12140: 12110: 12080: 12050: 12020: 11990: 11959: 11932: 11921:on 13 May 2007 11906: 11880: 11848: 11837:on 7 June 2007 11817: 11787: 11753: 11727: 11697: 11667: 11636: 11606: 11580: 11571:|website= 11538: 11479: 11468:on 5 July 2010 11445: 11432: 11419: 11400: 11385:. 2 May 2019. 11370: 11339: 11320: 11293: 11263: 11237: 11207: 11177: 11168:|website= 11138: 11110: 11080: 11054: 11023: 10997: 10986:on 11 May 2011 10971: 10943: 10917: 10887: 10861: 10835: 10805: 10773: 10747: 10714: 10688: 10656: 10630: 10603: 10576: 10546: 10520: 10494: 10463: 10432: 10402: 10391: 10373: 10347: 10316: 10295:laprensa.co.ni 10281: 10246: 10235:on 11 May 2011 10216: 10205:on 10 May 2011 10185: 10159: 10112: 10082: 10052: 9985: 9959: 9926: 9895: 9865: 9850:. unfccc.int. 9839: 9808: 9778: 9745: 9721: 9691: 9661: 9630: 9603: 9588:(in Spanish). 9572: 9542: 9516: 9497:Geoff, Thale. 9489: 9462: 9445:Envío Magazine 9432: 9401: 9368: 9338: 9308: 9277: 9251: 9224: 9194: 9168: 9146: 9134: 9102: 9095: 9071: 9056:. p. 12. 9040: 9010: 8980: 8954: 8924: 8904: 8901:978-0890939611 8884: 8854: 8845: 8836: 8834:of 10 May 1984 8813: 8780: 8761: 8754: 8736: 8703: 8675: 8656: 8630: 8623: 8603: 8572: 8541: 8510: 8499:on 20 May 2006 8481: 8474: 8447: 8421: 8394: 8364: 8338: 8308: 8297:on 10 May 2011 8282: 8255: 8225: 8193: 8167: 8147: 8132: 8089: 8057: 8030: 8004: 7978: 7939: 7912: 7882: 7852: 7822: 7803: 7783: 7769: 7752: 7745: 7719: 7684: 7667: 7641: 7607: 7588: 7568: 7549:(4): 483–510. 7533: 7514: 7491: 7472: 7447: 7432: 7399: 7380: 7350: 7343: 7323: 7316: 7290: 7255: 7229: 7222: 7201: 7194: 7174: 7147: 7118:10.2307/482092 7096: 7089: 7064: 7030: 7024:978-0806120089 7023: 6978: 6963: 6936: 6930:978-0520060494 6929: 6882: 6875: 6855: 6825: 6791: 6752: 6734: 6703: 6688:(in Spanish). 6672: 6638: 6605: 6579: 6549: 6516:10.2307/165603 6510:(3): 141–161. 6490: 6459: 6428: 6411:Travel Section 6397: 6366: 6330: 6296: 6285: 6249: 6215: 6174: 6143: 6108: 6078: 6045: 6004: 5979: 5960: 5930: 5911: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5902: 5901: 5876: 5769: 5755: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5748: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5726: 5725: 5711: 5695: 5692: 5647:Román González 5625:Montreal Expos 5607:, and pitcher 5601:Everth Cabrera 5571: 5568: 5541:Main article: 5538: 5535: 5456:, Nicaragua's 5385:Main article: 5382: 5379: 5337:Gioconda Belli 5296:The origin of 5271:Main article: 5268: 5265: 5241: 5238: 5229:Ometepe Island 5144:Main article: 5141: 5138: 5134:Cayman Islands 5132:, Belize, the 5080:Main article: 5077: 5074: 5041:Main article: 5038: 5035: 4991:Main article: 4988: 4985: 4961:Main article: 4958: 4955: 4923:Main article: 4920: 4917: 4877:Main article: 4874: 4871: 4784:Mosquito Coast 4776:Mosquito Coast 4741:state religion 4699:León Cathedral 4688:Main article: 4685: 4682: 4678: 4677: 4674: 4669: 4667:Puerto Cabezas 4664: 4660: 4659: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4642: 4641: 4638: 4633: 4628: 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1375:Horatio Nelson 1319:Lake Nicaragua 1287:Mosquito Coast 1268:Lake Nicaragua 1234: 1231: 1205:who spoke the 1199:Nicarao people 1172:slash-and-burn 1138:, between the 1118:Ometepe Island 1105: 1102: 1097:Main article: 1094: 1091: 1086:nic-atl-nahuac 1022: 1019: 1003:United Nations 986:of the 1980s. 971:Spanish Empire 960:Mosquito Coast 899: 898: 893: 887: 886: 881: 875: 874: 869: 863: 862: 859: 853: 852: 839: 835: 834: 824: 820: 819: 800: 790: 789: 780: 770: 769: 757: 754: 751: 750: 738: 735: 732: 731: 728: 718: 717: 705: 702: 699: 698: 686: 683: 680: 679: 676: 662: 661: 654: 652:• Density 651: 648: 647: 640: 637: 634: 633: 627: 626: 623: 620: 617: 616: 609: 606: 603: 602: 596: 595: 592: 591: 590:9 January 1987 588: 582: 579: 578: 575: 572: 569: 568: 565: 559: 556: 555: 552: 546: 543: 542: 539: 536: 533: 532: 529: 526: 523: 522: 519: 518: 498: 497: 492: 488: 487: 484: 483: 478: 475:Vice President 472: 469: 468: 461: 455: 452: 451: 448: 447: 436: 430: 429: 427: 426: 423: 417: 415: 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15379: 15361: 15358: 15356: 15353: 15351: 15348: 15346: 15343: 15341: 15338: 15336: 15333: 15331: 15328: 15326: 15323: 15321: 15318: 15316: 15313: 15311: 15308: 15306: 15303: 15301: 15298: 15296: 15293: 15291: 15288: 15286: 15283: 15281: 15278: 15276: 15273: 15271: 15268: 15266: 15263: 15262: 15260: 15252: 15246: 15245:United States 15243: 15241: 15238: 15236: 15233: 15231: 15228: 15226: 15223: 15221: 15218: 15216: 15213: 15211: 15208: 15206: 15203: 15201: 15198: 15196: 15193: 15191: 15188: 15186: 15183: 15181: 15178: 15176: 15173: 15171: 15168: 15166: 15163: 15161: 15158: 15156: 15153: 15151: 15148: 15146: 15143: 15141: 15138: 15136: 15133: 15132: 15130: 15126: 15122: 15115: 15110: 15108: 15103: 15101: 15096: 15095: 15092: 15081: 15071: 15068: 15066: 15063: 15061: 15058: 15056: 15053: 15051: 15048: 15046: 15043: 15041: 15038: 15037: 15035: 15033: 15029: 15025: 15018: 15013: 15011: 15006: 15004: 14999: 14998: 14995: 14983: 14980: 14978: 14975: 14973: 14970: 14968: 14965: 14963: 14962:Nueva Segovia 14960: 14958: 14955: 14953: 14950: 14948: 14945: 14943: 14940: 14938: 14935: 14933: 14930: 14928: 14925: 14923: 14920: 14918: 14915: 14913: 14910: 14908: 14905: 14903: 14900: 14899: 14895: 14884: 14880: 14876: 14869: 14864: 14862: 14857: 14855: 14850: 14849: 14846: 14840: 14833: 14827: 14820: 14808: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14799: 14794: 14790: 14787: 14783: 14780: 14776: 14775: 14771: 14757: 14754: 14752: 14749: 14747: 14744: 14742: 14739: 14737: 14734: 14732: 14729: 14727: 14724: 14722: 14719: 14718: 14716: 14714: 14710: 14704: 14701: 14699: 14696: 14694: 14691: 14689: 14686: 14684: 14683:Ethnic groups 14681: 14679: 14676: 14674: 14671: 14669: 14666: 14665: 14662: 14658: 14655: 14653: 14649: 14639: 14636: 14634: 14631: 14629: 14626: 14624: 14621: 14619: 14616: 14614: 14611: 14609: 14606: 14604: 14598: 14596: 14593: 14591: 14588: 14586: 14583: 14582: 14579: 14576: 14574: 14570: 14560: 14557: 14555: 14552: 14550: 14547: 14545: 14542: 14540: 14537: 14535: 14532: 14530: 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3664: 3660: 3656: 3653: 3648: 3646: 3642: 3637: 3633: 3631: 3627: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3602:Nueva Segovia 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3551: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3534: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3503: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3472: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3441: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3418:Nueva Segovia 3410: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3379: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3348: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3325: 3323: 3314: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3291: 3289: 3280: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3249: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3218: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3187: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3156: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3125: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3094: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3084: 3080: 3076: 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1980, the 1807: 1805: 1799: 1797: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1784: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1764: 1760: 1755: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1728: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1651: 1649: 1644: 1640: 1639:Somoza family 1632: 1631:Richard Nixon 1628: 1624: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1604: 1595: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1580: 1579: 1574: 1570: 1562: 1559:Rebel leader 1557: 1553: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1526: 1520: 1510: 1508: 1503: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1480: 1477: 1473: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1416: 1412: 1407: 1400: 1395: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1369:. During the 1368: 1364: 1361:In 1610, the 1359: 1357: 1353: 1352: 1346: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1260: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1240: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1175: 1174:agriculture. 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1128:pre-Columbian 1125: 1124:Paleo-Indians 1119: 1115: 1110: 1100: 1090: 1087: 1081: 1076: 1072: 1067: 1061: 1059: 1054: 1048: 1043: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 987: 985: 981: 977: 972: 967: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 936:Pacific Ocean 933: 930:to the east, 929: 928:Caribbean Sea 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 897: 894: 892: 888: 885: 882: 880: 879:ISO 3166 code 876: 873: 870: 868: 864: 860: 858: 854: 850: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 825: 821: 817: 801: 795: 791: 781: 775: 771: 767: 764:$ 2,599 ( 758: 752: 748: 739: 733: 729: 723: 719: 715: 712:$ 7,642 ( 706: 700: 696: 687: 681: 677: 673: 667: 663: 659: 655: 649: 645: 641: 635: 632: 628: 624: 618: 614: 610: 604: 601: 597: 593: 589: 580: 576: 570: 566: 563: 557: 553: 550: 544: 540: 534: 530: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 503: 499: 496: 493: 489: 485: 482: 479: 476: 470: 466: 465:Daniel Ortega 462: 459: 453: 449: 445: 444:authoritarian 441: 437: 435: 431: 424: 422: 419: 418: 416: 414: 410: 403: 401: 397: 390: 386: 384: 383:Protestantism 380: 378: 374: 373: 372: 368: 367: 365: 364: 362: 355: 349: 345: 343: 339: 337: 333: 330: 326: 322: 318: 317: 315: 310: 306: 300: 297: 295: 292: 289: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 264: 262: 256: 253: 250: 246: 241: 212: 209: 202: 198: 193: 166: 165: 159: 155: 149: 140: 133: 129: 125: 119: 113: 105: 99: 91: 86: 81: 72: 69: 65: 48: 44: 40: 33: 28: 19: 16700: 16669: 16668: 16376:South Africa 16361:Sierra Leone 16346:Saudi Arabia 15901:Burkina Faso 15674:Bali Package 15603:Peace Clause 15461: 15350:Sint Maarten 15330:Saint Martin 15214: 15064: 14972:Río San Juan 14793:Bibliography 14673:Demographics 14595:Central Bank 14534:Armed Forces 14517:Human rights 14497:Constitution 14320: 14169: 14158: 14133: 14086: 14054:. 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