74:, inherited a tradition of opposition to Somoza's Liberal-based regime. Beginning in the 1950s, he and his brother Edmundo waged sporadic actions against Somoza. Fernando participated in the April Rebellion of 1954 and the Olama y Mollejones invasion of 1959. The highlight of these early battles came with the seizure of the
135:(ARDE) in September 1982. However, Pastora and his advisers sought to begin talks with the Sandinistas rather than immediately initiating armed struggle. By March, El Negro's impatience led him to break with Pastora and ally with the FDN. "The word 'dialogue' does not exist in our dictionary," he declared.
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Later, his forces moved back to Costa Rica, with the goal of absorbing the remnants of the ARDE into the
Southern Front of UNO. Despite the rivalry, he and Pastora remained drinking buddies. In early 1986, most of Pastora's commanders agreed to align with Chamorro, and Pastora quit the struggle with
142:
a handful of remaining followers. By
January 1987, however, Chamorro broke with UNO, and retired from the struggle in March. Chamorro returned to Nicaragua on January 29, 1988, under a government amnesty program, but did not repudiate the armed resistance.
138:
During the FDN's
Operation Marathon in late September 1983, Chamorro led the FARN in an action at El Espino. The fighting crossed over the border, leading the Honduran government to expel El Negro.
101:, he was among around fifty prisoners exchanged for hostages a month later, after Pastora seized the National Palace. During the civil war, Chamorro served with Pastora's southern front forces.
128:
In late
February 1982, an assailant blew the door of his San José, Costa Rica apartment with explosives and fired inside, wounding his son, Fernando Chamoro Gonzalez, and two others.
117:(UDN), the Nicaraguan Revolutionary Armed Forces. Virulently opposed to the UDN's decision in August 1981 to merge with the former National Guardsmen of the
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113:, before going into exile in July 1981. His brother Edmundo had already become a key figure in the military wing of the exile
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and agreed to cooperate in the fight against Somoza. On July 20, 1978, Chamorro fired two rockets at Somoza's bunker from the
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rejoined the
Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN), Chamorro met with Sandinista strategist
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After the revolution, El Negro worked as a car salesman and affiliated with the new
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Chamorro, a descendant of
Nicaragua's pre-eminent Conservative Party
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El Negro and FARN became founding constituents of Edén
Pastora's
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164:"Managua Journal: Lifelong Rebel Is Home, Unarmed but Unbowed"
125:, they formed a breakaway that retained the UDN-FARN name.
184:"Fernando Chamorro, A Nicaraguan Foe Of Somozas' Rule"
42:" ("Blackie") for his dark complexion, was a longtime
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Chamorro died on
Tuesday, September 6, 1994, from an
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58:Southern Front around him played a part in the
28: and the second or maternal family name is
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38:(1933 – September 6, 1994), known as "
251:Nicaraguan expatriates in Costa Rica
241:People of the Nicaraguan Revolution
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133:Democratic Revolutionary Alliance
82:barracks on November 11, 1960.
149:he suffered two years before.
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36:Fernando Chamorro Rappaccioli
54:regimes. Efforts to build a
20:, the first or paternal
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123:Nicaraguan Democratic Force
115:Nicaraguan Democratic Union
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85:In 1977, after his friend
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119:15th of September Legion
46:rebel fighting both the
111:Social Democratic Party
97:Hotel. Captured by the
246:Deaths from embolism
105:Sandinista opponent
192:The New York Times
169:The New York Times
60:Iran-Contra Affair
226:Nicaraguan rebels
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162:(1988-03-04).
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196:. Retrieved
194:. 1994-09-09
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173:. Retrieved
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87:Edén Pastora
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18:Spanish name
221:1994 deaths
216:1933 births
30:Rappaccioli
210:Categories
198:2007-11-02
175:2007-11-02
153:References
52:Sandinista
44:Nicaraguan
121:into the
188:obituary
147:embolism
80:Jinotepe
76:Diriamba
40:El Negro
26:Chamorro
16:In this
231:Contras
22:surname
72:family
56:Contra
48:Somoza
78:and
50:and
24:is
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