Church of the East

2673: 2432: 2400: 2510: 2320: 2456: 2296: 2259: 12549: 2360: 2277: 1893:, whom the Church of the East venerated as a saint, is disputed. David Wilmshurst states that for centuries "the word 'Nestorian' was used both as a term of abuse by those who disapproved of the traditional East Syrian theology, as a term of pride by many of its defenders and as a neutral and convenient descriptive term by others. Nowadays it is generally felt that the term carries a stigma". Sebastian P. Brock says: "The association between the Church of the East and Nestorius is of a very tenuous nature, and to continue to call that church 'Nestorian' is, from a historical point of view, totally misleading and incorrect – quite apart from being highly offensive and a breach of ecumenical good manners". 2344: 3307: 2384: 4162:(VIII) (1591–1617), negotiated on several occasions with the Catholic Church, in 1605, 1610 and 1615–1616, but without final resolution. This likely alarmed Shimun X, who in 1616 sent to Rome a profession of faith that Rome found unsatisfactory, and another in 1619, which also failed to win him official recognition. Wilmshurst says it was this Shimun Patriarch who reverted to the "old faith" of Nestorianism, leading to a shift in allegiances that won for the Eliya line control of the lowlands and of the highlands for the Shimun line. Further negotiations between the Eliya line and the Catholic Church were cancelled during the Patriarchal tenure of 3289: 4147: 3279: 310: 4605:

church to be labeled, erroneously, as Nestorian. This view held that Christ has both two natures and two persons. A moderated form of dyophysitism, according to which Christ has two natures and one person, was adopted by Chalcedonian Christians. EAST SYRIAN Dyophysite Syriac Church that has historically been centered in Persia, with missionary activity in Greater Iran, Arabia, Central Asia, China, and India. The East Syrian Church developed into the modern Church of the East. Polemical writings and older scholarship sometimes called the East Syrian Church "Nestorian," but this is now recognized as pejorative.

2015:(Kirkuk, northeastern Iraq). In addition it had an increasing number of Exterior Provinces further afield within the Sasanian Empire and soon also beyond the empire's borders. By the 10th century, the church had between 20 and 30 metropolitan provinces. According to John Foster, in the 9th century there were 25 metropolitans including those in China and India. The Chinese provinces were lost in the 11th century, and in the subsequent centuries other exterior provinces went into decline as well. However, in the 13th century, during the Mongol Empire, the church added two new metropolitan provinces in 11422: 2992: 2490: 16423: 2420: 3200: 1234: 1222:). Divisions occurred within the two factions (the traditionalist and the newly formed Eastern Catholic) but by 1830 two unified patriarchates and distinct churches remained: the traditionalist Assyrian Church of the East and the Eastern Catholic Chaldean Church. The Ancient Church of the East split from the traditionalist patriarchate of the Church of the East in 1968. In 2017, the Chaldean Catholic Church had approximately 628,405 members and the Assyrian Church of the East had 323,300 to 380,000, while the Ancient Church of the East had 100,000. 4442:". However, the Church of the East already existed as a separate organisation in 431, and the name of Nestorius is not mentioned in any of the acts of the Church's synods up to the 7th century. Christian communities isolated from the church in the Roman Empire likely already existed in Persia from the 2nd century. The independent ecclesiastical hierarchy of the Church developed over the course of the 4th century, and it attained its full institutional identity with its establishment as the officially recognized Christian church in Persia by Shah 2984: 2869: 68: 16412: 1696: 3624: 2806: 3576: 16316: 16434: 4231:, and in 1681 he was recognised by Rome as "Patriarch of the Chaldean nation deprived of its Patriarch" (Amid patriarchate). Thus was instituted the Josephite line, a third line of Patriarchs and the sole Catholic one at the time. All Joseph I's successors took the name "Joseph". The life of this Patriarchate was difficult: the leadership was continually vexed by traditionalists, while the community struggled under the tax burden imposed by the 17385: 17336: 16305: 12348: 11321: 10672: 2896:, the Church of the East began to branch out beyond the Sasanian Empire. However, through the 6th century the church was frequently beset with internal strife and persecution from the Zoroastrians. The infighting led to a schism, which lasted from 521 until around 539, when the issues were resolved. However, immediately afterward Byzantine-Persian conflict led to a renewed persecution of the church by the Sasanian emperor 1913:, lamented the fact that "the term 'Nestorian Church' has become the standard designation for the ancient oriental church which in the past called itself 'The Church of the East', but which today prefers a fuller title 'The Assyrian Church of the East'. Such a designation is not only discourteous to modern members of this venerable church, but also − as this paper aims to show − both inappropriate and misleading". 17324: 3452:

Mangalore are said to have arrived in the Sri Lankan town of Chilaw most of whom were Christians. King Dathusena's daughter was married to his nephew Migara who is also said to have been a Nestorian Christian, and a commander of the Sinhalese army. Maga Brahmana, a Christian priest of Persian origin is said to have provided advice to King Dathusena on establishing his palace on the

3545:(reigned 840–846). He suppressed all foreign religions, including Buddhism and Christianity, causing the church to decline sharply in China. A Syrian monk visiting China a few decades later described many churches in ruin. The church disappeared from China in the early 10th century, coinciding with the collapse of the Tang dynasty and the tumult of the next years (the 3796:, but the Malabar Christians of India represented the only significant survival of the once-thriving exterior provinces of the Church of the East. The complete disappearance of the Nestorian dioceses in Central Asia probably stemmed from a combination of persecution, disease, and isolation: "what survived the Mongols did not survive the 2431: 3482: 4138:(1600–1638) as his successor, but others argue that his election was independent of any such designation. Regardless, from then until the 21st century the Shimun line employed a hereditary system of succession – the rejection of which was part of the reason for the creation of that line in the first place. 3841:. Other schisms were provoked by rivalry between various fractions within the Church of the East. Lack of internal unity and frequent change of allegiances led to the creation and continuation of separate patriarchal lines. In spite of many internal challenges, and external difficulties (political oppression by 2455: 3873:

on IV Basidi made the patriarchal succession hereditary – normally from uncle to nephew. This practice, which resulted in a shortage of eligible heirs, eventually led to a schism in the Church of the East, creating a temporarily Catholic offshoot known as the Shimun line. The Patriarch

2088:, although the date and circumstances of this are not entirely clear. The translators may have been Syriac-speaking Jews or early Jewish converts to Christianity. The translation may have been done separately for different texts, and the whole work was probably done by the second century. Most of the 4325:

Accordingly, Joachim Jakob remarks that the original Patriarchate of the Church of the East (the Eliya line) entered into union with Rome and continues down to today in the form of the Chaldean Church, while the original Patriarchate of the Chaldean Catholic Church (the Shimun line) continues today

3800:

of the fourteenth century." In many parts of Central Asia, Christianity had died out decades before Timur's campaigns. The surviving evidence from Central Asia, including a large number of dated graves, indicates that the crisis for the Church of the East occurred in the 1340s rather than the 1390s.

3017:

minority group headed by the Patriarch of the East. As with all other Christian and Jewish groups given the same status, the church was restricted within the Caliphate, but also given a degree of protection. In order to resist the growing competition from Muslim courts, patriarchs and bishops of the

4604:

DYOPHYSITE Broadly, a Christological viewpoint that holds that Christ has two natures, one human and one divine. The East Syrian Church subscribed to a type of dyophysitism attributed to Nestorius and held in attenuated ways by both Greek and Syriac theologians. In the end, this association led the

4000:

yahb was dead, created within the Church of the East a lasting schism between the Eliya line of Patriarchs at Alqosh and the new line originating from Sulaqa. The latter was for half a century recognised by Rome as being in communion, but that reverted to both hereditary succession and Nestorianism

2833:. The Persian Church increasingly aligned itself with the Dyophisites, a measure encouraged by the Zoroastrian ruling class. The church became increasingly Dyophisite in doctrine over the next decades, furthering the divide between Roman and Persian Christianity. In 484 the Metropolitan of Nisibis, 6514:

The local patriarch—representing the Assyrian Church of the East, to which ancient Christians in India had looked for ecclesiastical authority—was then removed from jurisdiction in India and replaced by a Portuguese bishop; the East Syrian liturgy of Addai and Mari was "purified from error"; and

3422:

headed by two Italians, one Fleming and one German priests to reconcile the Saint Thomas Christians to Catholic fold. These priests had two advantages – they were not Portuguese and they were not Jesuits. By the next year, 84 of the 116 Saint Thomas Christian churches had returned, forming the

1166:

in the 14th century, it had already lost ground in its home territory. The decline is indicated by the shrinking list of active dioceses. Around the year 1000, there were more than sixty dioceses throughout the Near East, but by the middle of the 13th century there were about twenty, and after

6546:

Then the pope decided to throw one more stone into the pool. Apparently following a suggestion made by some among the cattanars, he sent to India four discalced Carmelites - two Italians, one Fleming and one German. These Fathers had two advantages – they were not Portuguese and they were not

4118:, who was elected in 1577 or 1578 and died within two years before seeking or obtaining confirmation from Rome. According to Tisserant, problems posed by the "Nestorian" traditionalists and the Ottoman authorities prevented any earlier election of a successor to Abdisho. David Wilmshurst and 4008:

Sulaqa left Rome in early July and in Constantinople applied for civil recognition. After his return to Mesopotamia, he received from the Ottoman authorities in December 1553 recognition as head of "the Chaldean nation after the example of all the Patriarchs". In the following year, during a

3451:

Nestorian Christianity is said to have thrived in Sri Lanka with the patronage of King Dathusena during the 5th century. There are mentions of involvement of Persian Christians with the Sri Lankan royal family during the Sigiriya Period. Over seventy-five ships carrying Murundi soldiers from

3207:

After the split with the Western World and synthesis with Nestorianism, the Church of the East expanded rapidly due to missionary works during the medieval period. During the period between 500 and 1400 the geographical horizon of the Church of the East extended well beyond its heartland in

4181:, though Heleen Murre argues official recognition was given to neither. A letter suggests that one of the two was removed from office (presumably by Nestorian traditionalists) for pro-Catholic leanings: Shimun XI according to Heleen Murre, probably Shimun XII according to Wilmshurst. 4191:(1662–1700), definitively broke with the Catholic Church. In 1670, he gave a traditionalist reply to an approach that was made from Rome, and by 1672 all connections with the Pope were ended. There were then two traditionalist Patriarchal lines, the senior Eliya line in 2399: 3409:

Portuguese bishops over the local sees and made liturgical changes to accord with the Latin practice and this led to a revolt among the Saint Thomas Christians. The majority of them broke with the Catholic Church and vowed never to submit to the Portuguese in the

2295: 4111:(designated as Eliya "VII" in older historiography, but renumbered as Eliya "VI" in recent scholarly works). During his Patriarchal tenure, from 1558 to 1591, the Church of the East preserved its traditional christology and full ecclesiastical independence. 3813:, and the forcible conversion of the city's Christians to Islam. Tombstones in two East Syriac cemeteries in Mongolia have been dated from 1342, some commemorating deaths during a Black Death outbreak in 1338. In China, the last references to Nestorian and 5100:

The number of the faithful at the beginning of the twenty - first century belonging to the Assyrian Church of the East under Mar Dinkha was estimated to be around 385,000, and the number belonging to the Ancient Church of the East under Mar Addia to be

2672: 2319: 4268:

was locally elected to replace him in 1780, but for various reasons was recognised by Rome only as Metropolitan of Mosul and Administrator of the Catholics of the Alqosh party, having the powers of a Patriarch but not the title or insignia. When

2258: 3607:. It was at this point, in the late 13th century, that the Church of the East reached its greatest geographical reach. But Mongol power was already waning as the Empire dissolved into civil war; and it reached a turning point in 1295, when 4299:(XIII) died in 1804, the Nestorian branch of the Eliya line died with him. With most of his subjects won over to union with Rome by Hormizd, they did not elect a new traditionalist Patriarch. In 1830, Hormizd was finally recognized as the 2509: 2489: 2911:

By the end of the 5th century and the middle of the 6th, the area occupied by the Church of the East included "all the countries to the east and those immediately to the west of the Euphrates", including the Sasanian Empire, the

3845:

authorities and frequent persecutions by local non-Christians), the traditional branches of the Church of the East managed to survive that tumultuous period and eventually consolidate during the 19th century in the form of the

3381:, supposedly a Nestorian ruler of India who held the offices of both king and priest. The geographically remote Malabar Church survived the decay of the Nestorian hierarchy elsewhere, enduring until the 16th century when the 1773:

After 431, the state authorities in the Roman Empire suppressed Nestorianism, a reason for Christians under Persian rule to favour it and so allay suspicion that their loyalty lay with the hostile Christian-ruled empire.

2539:

Although the East Syriac Christian community traced their history to the 1st century AD, the Church of the East first achieved official state recognition from the Sasanian Empire in the 4th century with the accession of

6638: 6296: 6589: 2359: 2383: 3704:, known also as Tamerlane, came to power in 1370, he set out to cleanse his dominions of non-Muslims. He annihilated Christianity in Central Asia. The Church of the East "lived on only in the mountains of 4574:

The Church of the East follows the strictly dyophysite ('two-nature') christology of Theodore of Mopsuestia, as a result of which it was misleadingly labelled as 'Nestorian' by its theological opponents.

3560:

in the 13th century and other medieval Western writers described many Nestorian communities remaining in China and Mongolia; however, they clearly were not as active as they had been during Tang times.

2343: 6166: 3330:, had a long association with the Church of the East. The earliest known organised Christian presence in Kerala dates to 295/300 when Christian settlers and missionaries from Persia headed by Bishop 1067:, and by the Western Church. Politically the Sasanian and Roman Empires were at war with each other, which forced the Church of the East to distance itself from the churches within Roman territory. 4264:(XIII) made a renewed profession of Catholic faith and was recognised by Rome as Patriarch of Mosul, but in May 1779 renounced that profession in favor of the traditional faith. His younger cousin 14493: 4769:

Authors are using different names to designate the same Church : the Church of Seleucia - Ctesiphon, the Church of the East, the Babylonian Church, the Assyrian Church, or the Persian Church.

3463:

discovered in 1912 is also considered to be an indication of a strong Nestorian Christian presence in Sri Lanka between the 3rd and 10th century in the then capitol of Anuradhapura of Sri Lanka.

4207:

As the Shimun line "gradually returned to the traditional worship of the Church of the East, thereby losing the allegiance of the western regions", it moved from Turkish-controlled territory to

2276: 1070:

More recently, the "Nestorian" appellation has been called "a lamentable misnomer", and theologically incorrect by scholars. However, the Church of the East started to call itself Nestorian, it

3946:

missionaries were already at work among the Nestorians, and, using them as intermediaries, Sulaqa's supporters sought to legitimise their position by seeking their candidate's consecration by

2604:". Accordingly, the leaders of the Church of the East did not feel bound by any decisions of what came to be regarded as Roman Imperial Councils. Despite this, the Creed and Canons of the 2648:. The Emperor took steps to cement the primacy of the Nestorian party within the Assyrian Church of the East, granting its members his protection, and executing the pro-Roman Catholicos 6213:

Neither were there any Muslims among the Ninth-Century translators. Amost all of them were Christians of various Eastern denominations: Jacobites, Melchites, and, above all, Nestorians.

1506:

in 381. The Church of the East accepted the teaching of these two councils, but ignored the 431 Council and those that followed, seeing them as concerning only the patriarchates of the

2799: 2593:(421–456) and determined that they would not, henceforth, refer disciplinary or theological problems to any external power, and especially not to any bishop or church council in the 7660: 5514: 3957:, setting out his claim and asking that the Pope consecrate him as Patriarch. On 15 February 1553 he made a twice-revised profession of faith judged to be satisfactory, and by the 2751:, imposed the primacy of his see over the other Mesopotamian and Persian bishoprics which were grouped together under the Catholicate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon; Papa took the title of 3530:, gives the names of several prominent Christians in China, including Metropolitan Adam, Bishop Yohannan, 'country-bishops' Yazdbuzid and Sargis and Archdeacons Gigoi of Khumdan ( 3260:. The St Thomas Christians were believed by tradition to have been converted by St Thomas, and were in communion with the Church of the East until the end of the medieval period. 3022:

or attempt to convert Muslims, but their missionaries were otherwise given a free hand, and they increased missionary efforts farther afield. Missionaries established dioceses in

969:, sometimes two, sometimes three. In the latter half of the 20th century the traditionalist patriarchate of the church underwent a split into two rival patriarchates, namely the 17577: 14201: 1579:

from the 7th to the 9th century. At its height, between the 9th and 14th centuries, the Church of the East was the world's largest Christian church in geographical extent, with

8106:"The Christology of the Church of the East: An Analysis of Christological Statements and Professions of Faith of the Official Synods of the Church of the East before A. D. 612" 6293:"NSC NETWORK – Early references about the Apostolate of Saint Thomas in India, Records about the Indian tradition, Saint Thomas Christians & Statements by Indian Statesmen" 10709: 6646: 11356: 6292: 12548: 3681:

The expansion was followed by a decline. There were 68 cities with resident Church of the East bishops in the year 1000; in 1238 there were only 24, and at the death of

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These early Christian communities in Mesopotamia, Elam, and Fars were reinforced in the 4th and 5th centuries by large-scale deportations of Christians from the eastern

6593: 4122:

believe that, in the period between 1570 and the patriarchal election of Yahballaha, he or another of the same name was looked on as Patriarch. Yahballaha's successor,

2798:

still in Roman territory. The church grew considerably during the Sasanian period, but the pressure of persecution led the Catholicos, Dadisho I, in 424 to convene the

2786:(346). Afterward, the office of Catholicos lay vacant nearly 20 years (346–363). In 363, under the terms of a peace treaty, Nisibis was ceded to the Persians, causing 15516: 14846: 13995: 5045: 2774:

majority who accused it of Roman leanings. Shapur II attempted to dismantle the catholicate's structure and put to death some of the clergy including the catholicoi

464: 1183:

Mongol leaderships pushed out and nearly eradicated the Church of the East and its followers. Thereafter, Church of the East dioceses remained largely confined to

6175:, p. 47 (Armenia), 72 (Damascus), 74 (Dailam and Gilan), 94–6 (India), 105 (China), 124 (Rai), 128–9 (Sarbaz), 128 (Samarqand and Beth Turkaye), 139 (Tibet). 4177:(1656–1662), wrote to the Pope in 1653 and 1658, according to Wilmshurst, while Heleen Murre speaks only of 1648 and 1653. Wilmshurst says Shimun XI was sent the 1618:

From its peak of geographical extent, the church entered a period of rapid decline that began in the 14th century, due largely to outside influences. The Chinese

2139:

It was often said in the 19th century that the Church of the East was opposed to religious images of any kind. The cult of the image was never as strong in the

15059: 12730: 6228: 852: 8549: 8515: 8213: 8176: 17244: 12383: 1264: 85: 15551: 10022: 3077:, took a particularly keen interest in the missionary expansion of the Church of the East. He is known to have consecrated metropolitans for Damascus, for 12116: 12075: 12070: 12014: 11877: 11872: 11867: 11842: 11817: 11747: 11587: 11443: 2012: 1754:(literally, "Bearer of the Christ") as a more suitable alternative title. His statements drew criticism from other prominent churchmen, particularly from 13190: 4252:

yahb) made a profession of faith that was accepted by Rome, thus establishing communion. By then, acceptance of the Catholic position was general in the

3587:. Several Mongol tribes had already been converted by Nestorian missionaries in the 7th century, and Christianity was therefore a major influence in the 2641:"God-bearer, Mother of God" was taken as evidence that he believed two separate persons (as opposed to two united natures) to be present within Christ. 13054: 6547:

Jesuits. The head of the mission was given the title of apostolic commissary, and was specially charged with the duty of restoring peace in the Serra.

13465: 13431:

Even though the Council was moved to Ferrara in 1438 and later to Florence, some bishops refused to move and remained in a parallel Council at Basel.

12178: 12106: 12096: 12065: 12019: 11933: 11847: 11822: 11812: 11657: 11448: 11406: 10702: 4371: 1996: 1929:

capital Seleucia-Ctesiphon, who in the acts of the council was referred to as the Grand or Major Metropolitan, and who soon afterward was called the

4227:

of that see converted to the Catholic faith. In 1677, he obtained from the Turkish authorities recognition as holding independent power in Amid and

3942:, which was the seat of the incumbent patriarchs; however, no bishop of metropolitan rank was available to consecrate him, as canonically required. 17373: 16352: 11349: 4277:, whom he wished to be his successor, not Patriarch but Administrator. No one held the title of Chaldean Catholic patriarch for the next 47 years. 2419: 2180:

says that they had 'very beautiful and orderly churches with crosses and images in honour of God and of the saints'. Apart from the references, a

1074:

the Council of Ephesus, and in its liturgy Nestorius was mentioned as a saint. In 544, the general Council of the Church of the East approved the

454: 9565:"Nestorius of Constantinople: Condemnation, Suppression, Veneration: With special reference to the role of his name in East-Syriac Christianity" 8123:"Christology and Deification in the Church of the East: Mar Gewargis I, His Synod and His Letter to Mina as a Polemic against Martyrius-Sahdona" 2147:, but they were indeed present in the tradition of the Church of the East. Opposition to religious images eventually became the norm due to the 14211: 13958: 12329: 12324: 12319: 12111: 12024: 11969: 11938: 11912: 11792: 11762: 11737: 11702: 11672: 11652: 11642: 11577: 11438: 10645: 3693:

from 1304 to 1316, and to a lesser extent under his predecessor, was that the overall number of the dioceses and parishes was further reduced.

2008: 808: 3603:, Nestorian Christianity was the primary religious influence in the Empire, and this also carried over to Mongol-controlled China, during the 1630:(1336–1405) nearly eradicated the remaining Christians in the Middle East. Nestorian Christianity remained largely confined to communities in 16019: 15142: 13770: 12950: 12314: 12299: 12294: 12279: 12274: 12264: 12249: 12219: 12214: 12209: 12199: 12194: 12183: 12121: 12040: 12029: 12009: 11994: 11989: 11979: 11948: 11852: 11802: 11782: 11692: 11682: 11677: 11667: 11632: 11612: 11597: 11458: 11453: 11411: 9956:

Ostsyrisches Christentum: Untersuchungen zu Christologie, Ekklesiologie und zu den ökumenischen Beziehungen der Assyrischen Kirche des Ostens

5706:"Christian Platonism and the Debate about Afterlife: John of Scythopolis and Maximus the Confessor on the Inactivity of the Disembodied Soul" 4361: 3101:. By the 10th century the Church of the East had a number of dioceses stretching from across the Caliphate's territories to India and China. 2644:

The Sasanian Emperor, hostile to the Byzantines, saw the opportunity to ensure the loyalty of his Christian subjects and lent support to the

2004: 2000: 309: 1896:

Apart from its religious meaning, the word "Nestorian" has also been used in an ethnic sense, as shown by the phrase "Catholic Nestorians".

17551: 17351: 14478: 11964: 11897: 11772: 11727: 11582: 11511: 10739: 10695: 7692:"The Christology of the Church of the East in the Synods of the Fifth to Early Seventh Centuries: Preliminary Considerations and Materials" 4376: 3650:, so it is possible that there was a Nestorian presence in the city ca.1300. There was certainly a recognisable Nestorian presence at the 2756: 1622:

overthrew the Mongols (1368) and ejected Christians and other foreign influences from China, and many Mongols in Central Asia converted to

8844:

The Modern Assyrians of the Middle East: A History of Their Encounter with Western Christian Missions, Archaeologists, and Colonial Powers

3906:(1558–1591). These appointments, combined with other accusations of impropriety, caused discontent throughout the church, and by 1552 Shem 1980:. The office of metropolitan bishop was an important one, coming with additional duties and powers; canonically, only metropolitans could 1063:, a heresy attributed to Nestorius. It was therefore called the Nestorian Church by all the other Eastern churches, both Chalcedonian and 14942: 12642: 11516: 11342: 3351: 3273: 3098: 1560: 1128: 8049:

Ding, Wang (2006). "Remnants of Christianity from Chinese Central Asia in Medieval Ages". In Malek, Roman; Hofrichter, Peter L. (eds.).

6257: 3385:

arrived in India. With the establishment of Portuguese power in parts of India, the clergy of that empire, in particular members of the

17546: 15975: 14515: 13619: 12162: 12151: 12141: 12136: 12131: 12101: 12080: 12060: 12055: 12050: 12004: 11999: 11984: 11974: 11953: 11943: 11928: 11923: 11907: 11902: 11892: 11882: 11857: 11837: 11832: 11827: 11807: 11797: 11787: 11777: 11767: 11752: 11742: 11732: 11722: 11717: 11712: 11707: 11697: 11687: 11662: 11647: 11637: 11627: 11617: 11607: 11592: 11567: 11551: 11546: 11536: 11531: 11526: 11521: 11506: 11501: 11496: 11491: 11486: 11481: 11463: 11401: 9714:"Missio duorum fratrum Melitensium O. P. in Orientem saec. XVI et relatio, nunc primum edita, eorum quae in istis regionibus gesserunt" 4366: 3094: 2575: 2249: 1992: 1872:" was interpreted as "two individuals". Previously, the Church of the East accepted a certain fluidity of expressions, always within a 1580: 1239: 1116: 1021: 845: 17136: 16391: 15526: 13821: 12376: 11757: 11541: 10621: 8081:●Historia» (nº 31) (in Spanish). Translated by López Carmona, Mari Pepa. Madrid: Aguilar, S. A. de Ediciones. pp. 43 & 187. 4300: 3833:

From the middle of the 16th century, and throughout following two centuries, the Church of the East was affected by several internal

3082: 2268: 2252:, beneath which were found the remains of an earlier church, also shows that the Church of the East used figurative representations. 2144: 1515: 1257: 2548:. The policies of the Sasanian Empire, which encouraged syncretic forms of Christianity, greatly influenced the Church of the East. 1059:

in 431. Supporters of Nestorius took refuge in Sasanian Persia, where the Church refused to condemn Nestorius and became accused of

15478: 15430: 14987: 14937: 14244: 13857: 13324: 10015: 8820:

The Lost History of Christianity: The Thousand-Year Golden Age of the Church in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia - and How It Died

5066: 16569: 14249: 12284: 10616: 10556: 3018:

Church of the East developed canon law and adapted the procedures used in the episcopal courts. Nestorians were not permitted to

2865:(497–502) reiterated and expanded upon his predecessors' esteem for Theodore, solidifying the church's adoption of Dyophisitism. 1033: 2600:

Thus, the Mesopotamian churches did not send representatives to the various church councils attended by representatives of the "

16884: 16878: 15408: 15398: 15162: 15094: 14962: 14206: 14114: 13845: 13765: 13713: 13511: 12841: 12712: 12259: 10343: 5442: 3850:. At the same time, after many similar difficulties, groups united with the Catholic Church were finally consolidated into the 3546: 1457: 497: 17: 9513: 6883: 5370: 3232:, a Christian tablet written in Chinese found in China dating to 781 AD. Their most important conversion, however, was of the 2944:; and possibly also to places called Calliana, Male, and Sielediva (Ceylon). Beneath the Patriarch in the hierarchy were nine 1107:

in terms of geographical extent, and in the Middle Ages was one of the three major Christian powerhouses of Eurasia alongside

15987: 13723: 13458: 12740: 12735: 9091: 8086: 6398: 6372: 6146: 5804: 5251: 5015: 4510: 1991:

For most of its history the church had six or so Interior Provinces. In 410, these were listed in the hierarchical order of:

1842:, not corresponding precisely to Greek φύσις or οὐσία or ὑπόστασις) of Christ are unmixed but eternally united in his single 838: 3338:, a Nestorian from the Middle East, with the further expansion of their community. From at least the early 4th century, the 17366: 16345: 16112: 14500: 12866: 12836: 12369: 10217: 7843: 7782:

Burgess, Richard W.; Mercier, Raymond (1999). "The Dates of the Martyrdom of Simeon bar Sabba'e and the 'Great Massacre'".

5962: 4381: 2613: 1901: 1862: 1744:, suggesting that the title denied Christ's full humanity. He argued that Jesus had two loosely joined natures, the divine 1448: 1250: 474: 6563: 5042: 4310:(1780–1820) became the sole primate of the traditionalist Church of the East, "the legal successor of the initially 3342:

provided the Saint Thomas Christians with clergy, holy texts, and ecclesiastical infrastructure. And around 650 Patriarch

17219: 16150: 14695: 10718: 10008: 9036:

Jerusalem 1920-1922: Being the Records of the Pro-Jerusalem Council during the First Two Years of the Civil Administratio

9028: 8078: 5758: 4356: 3518: 3339: 1789:

the Sasanid Persian Empire incorporated broad territories populated by West Syrians, many of whom were supporters of the

1475: 38: 9441:

Reinink, Gerrit J. (2009). "Tradition and the Formation of the 'Nestorian' Identity in Sixth- to Seventh-Century Iraq".

7869:

Chaumont, Marie-Louise (1964). "Les Sassanides et la christianisation de l'Empire iranien au IIIe siècle de notre ère".

6280: 2374: 2222: 16896: 14293: 14196: 12702: 11365: 6778: 6573: 4092:(1555–1570) visited Rome and his Patriarchal title was confirmed by the Pope in 1562. At some point, he moved to 3896:

as his successor, presumably because no older relatives were available. Several years later, probably because Khnanisho

2631:

in 431 proved a turning point in the Christian Church's history. The Council condemned as heretical the Christology of

1527: 342: 8992:

Mia energeia: Untersuchungen zur Einigungspolitik des Kaisers Heraclius und des Patriarchen Sergius von Constantinopel

7741: 3058:

as introducing Nestorian Christianity to China in 635. In the 7th century, the church had grown to have two Nestorian

263:

divided it originally into two patriarchates, and later four, but by 1830 it returned to two, one of which is now the

17541: 16036: 15135: 14932: 12943: 11099: 10292: 9985: 9940: 9917: 9894: 9873: 9852: 9831: 9794: 9702: 9652: 9604: 9502: 9481: 9408: 9385: 9362: 9341: 9307: 9280: 9256: 9233: 9163: 9114: 9067: 9000: 8938: 8917: 8896: 8828: 8804: 8783: 8726: 8698: 8677: 8640: 8597: 8449: 8411: 8390: 8358: 8334: 8310: 8284: 8260: 8060: 8039: 8018: 7997: 7951: 7901: 7829: 7772: 7727: 7703: 7646: 7622: 7584: 7549: 7525: 7490: 7469: 7441: 7321: 6206: 5597:(in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Hong Kong: The Council on Christian Literature for Overseas Chinese. p. 7 (PDF page). 5093: 4874: 4687: 4597: 3145: 346: 16422: 6225: 1882:

in Christ" formula, a final christological distinction was created between the Church of the East and the "western"

1781:(451), that the Church of the East formulated a distinctive theology. The first such formulation was adopted at the 1722:

from 428 to 431, whose doctrine represented the culmination of a philosophical current developed by scholars at the

492: 17278: 16280: 14710: 14609: 14068: 13601: 13596: 13591: 13586: 13581: 13576: 13571: 13566: 13561: 13556: 13551: 13546: 13451: 13352: 13008: 12876: 11572: 11230: 11104: 11060: 11055: 11045: 10546: 10286: 10280: 9222:"Classical Syriac, Neo-Aramaic, and Arabic in the Church of the East and the Chaldean Church between 1500 and 1800" 8460: 7560: 4187:(X) (1660–1700) was a "vigorous defender of the traditional faith", and simultaneously the next Shimun Patriarch, 2066: 1013: 362: 153: 8564: 8530: 8461:"Die Konsistorialakten über die Begründung des uniert-chaldäischen Patriarchates von Mosul unter Papst Julius III" 8228: 8191: 2158:

There is both literary and archaeological evidence for the presence of images in the church. Writing in 1248 from

1155:(7th–9th centuries). In the 13th and 14th centuries, the church experienced a final period of expansion under the 17359: 16564: 16338: 15547: 15445: 15413: 14795: 14525: 14264: 14221: 14104: 14094: 13904: 13867: 13541: 13536: 13531: 13526: 13521: 13516: 13506: 13289: 13234: 13202: 13183: 13047: 13016: 12984: 12967: 12565: 12534: 12334: 11184: 11169: 11022: 10968: 10541: 10328: 10187: 3347: 3070: 2972: 2581:

Under pressure from the Sasanian Emperor, the Church of the East sought to increasingly distance itself from the

1503: 924: 920: 795: 685: 421: 5241: 4586:

Michael Philip Penn; Scott Fitzgerald Johnson; Christine Shepardson; Charles M. Stang, eds. (22 February 2022).

3890:(1539–58) caused great turmoil at the beginning of his reign by designating his twelve-year-old nephew Khnanisho 1785:

in 484. This was developed further in the early seventh century, when in an at first successful war against the

16959: 16944: 16926: 16902: 16807: 16632: 16239: 15488: 15403: 15109: 15077: 14904: 14823: 14254: 14024: 13940: 13831: 12647: 11164: 10611: 10261: 9964: 9786:

An Introduction to the History of the Assyrian Church or The Church of the Sassanid Persian Empire 100-640 A.D.

9431: 9420:"Edessa Grew Dim and Nisibis Shone Forth: The School of Nisibis at the Transition of the Sixth-Seventh Century" 8852: 6539: 6139:

L'invention du cadi : La justice des musulmans, des juifs et des chrétiens aux premiers siècles de l'Islam

4585: 4351: 4270: 4223:), the original headquarters of Shimun Sulaqa, became subject to the Alqosh Patriarch. In 1667 or 1668, Bishop 3570: 3440: 2406: 2074: 1568: 1188: 1140: 15206: 9844:

Orientalism, Aramaic, and Kabbalah in the Catholic Reformation: The First Printing of the Syriac New Testament

7943:

The Church of the East and the Church of England: A History of the Archbishop of Canterbury's Assyrian Mission

5639: 4049:

yahb of the Alqosh line consecrated two more underage members of his patriarchal family as metropolitans (for

1866:), these Syriac words were sometimes taken to mean something other than what was intended; in particular "two 17445: 16813: 16774: 16688: 16559: 16046: 15368: 15099: 15089: 14853: 14510: 14308: 14278: 14119: 13970: 13923: 13661: 13297: 13086: 13070: 12654: 12304: 12244: 11602: 11139: 10948: 10927: 10883: 10526: 10121: 9514:"Über einige nestorianische Liederhandschriften, vornehmlich der griech. Patriarchatsbibliothek in Jerusalem" 4455:

The "Nestorian" label is popular, but it has been contentious, derogatory and considered a misnomer. See the

4224: 3902:

had died in the interim, he designated as successor his fifteen-year-old brother Eliya, the future Patriarch

3306: 3078: 2609: 2466: 1922: 1910: 1699:

Christological spectrum during the 5th–7th centuries showing the views of The Church of the East (light blue)

1218:, leading to the formation of the Chaldean Catholic Church (an Eastern Catholic church in communion with the 1172: 1064: 1009: 800: 459: 293: 17381: 8609:"Patriarchal Funerary Inscriptions in the Monastery of Rabban Hormizd: Types, Literary Origins, and Purpose" 5007:

Hidden Treasures And Intercultural Encounters: Studies On East Syriac Christianity In China And Central Asia

3248:

at the end of the 14th century, and the majority of whom today constitute the largest group who now use the

17298: 17273: 17209: 16973: 16051: 15128: 14288: 13134: 13078: 13062: 13036: 12936: 12722: 12697: 12126: 12085: 12045: 11109: 11065: 10922: 10903: 10898: 10255: 4386: 3663: 3628: 3428: 2850: 2589:). Therefore, in 424, the bishops of the Sasanian Empire met in council under the leadership of Catholicos 2070: 2038: 524: 31: 9191: 8608: 6415: 6318: 4134:

in Persia, was officially confirmed by the Pope in 1584. There are theories that he appointed his nephew,

17572: 17283: 17229: 17092: 16790: 16509: 16484: 16478: 16401: 16122: 15903: 15765: 14652: 14298: 14283: 14269: 14176: 14166: 13656: 12680: 12637: 12597: 12573: 12480: 12254: 11887: 11383: 11079: 11007: 10893: 10888: 10848: 10628: 10445: 10304: 10202: 10196: 10166: 7804: 4315: 4290: 4002: 3931: 3847: 3472: 3424: 2810: 2680: 2661: 2563: 2516: 2496: 2050: 1719: 1670: 1572: 1377: 1148: 970: 740: 469: 438: 433: 428: 379: 283:

Nestorian Church, Persian Church, East Syrian Church, Chaldean Church, Assyrian Church, Babylonian Church

268: 9824:

From the Oxus River to the Chinese Shores: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia

9731:"Catalogue de la bibliothèque syro-chaldéenne du couvent de Notre-Dame des Semences près d'Alqoš (Iraq)" 8350:

Religions of the Silk Road: Overland Trade and Cultural Exchange from Antiquity to the Fifteenth Century

3953:

Sulaqa went to Rome, arriving on 18 November 1552, and presented a letter, drafted by his supporters in

3354:, one of the church's Provinces of the Exterior. After this point the Province of India was headed by a 2829:

had led many of Nestorius' supporters to relocate to the Sasanian Empire, mainly around the theological

1657:

led to a series of internal divisions and ultimately to its branching into three separate churches: the

1559:

In the 6th century and thereafter, the Church of the East expanded greatly, establishing communities in

17293: 16515: 16232: 16194: 15681: 14303: 14171: 13975: 13332: 13217: 12578: 12485: 12470: 12269: 12224: 11119: 10912: 10863: 10272: 10172: 10079: 4336: 3802: 2054: 1794: 1674: 1384: 1355: 974: 932: 928: 383: 272: 16938: 9245:"The Church of the East in the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century: World Church or Ethnic Community?" 6361:

Massing, Jean Michel; Albuquerque, Luís de; Brown, Jonathan; González, J. J. Martín (1 January 1991).

6199:

The Legend of the Middle Ages: Philosophical Explorations of Medieval Christianity, Judaism, and Islam

2857:

for its Nestorian teachings, the school relocated to its original home of Nisibis, becoming again the

2245:

in 1912—contain some illustrations of no great artistic worth that show that use of images continued.

16275: 16265: 16227: 15982: 15792: 15760: 15714: 15691: 15082: 14565: 14029: 13919: 13400: 13384: 13250: 12475: 12289: 10247: 10135: 10054: 9187: 8769: 4422: 4311: 4084:

and is known as the "Shimun" line. Wilmshurst suggests that their adoption of the name Shimun (after

3825:

and the consequential self-imposed isolation of China from foreign influence including Christianity.

3541:

Nestorian Christianity thrived in China for approximately 200 years, but then faced persecution from

3004: 2212: 1341: 1096: 994: 870: 635: 505: 369: 350: 190: 73: 4909: 3288: 17477: 17214: 16752: 16503: 16255: 16160: 16155: 15970: 15935: 15861: 15817: 15812: 15609: 15435: 15280: 15177: 15172: 15104: 15072: 14967: 14647: 14460: 13953: 13889: 13258: 13024: 12309: 12204: 11379: 10485: 10349: 10143: 9173: 7451: 7373: 7359: 7345: 7331: 5584: 5569: 4346: 4286: 4274: 4151: 4100: 3935: 3851: 3252:, with around 4 million followers in their homeland, in spite of the 17th-century defection to the 2688: 2282: 2181: 2166:

official records visiting a local church and seeing an image of Christ and the Magi. John of Cora (

2058: 1658: 978: 580: 443: 264: 16411: 14488: 8143:"Les étapes de la prise de conscience de son identité patriarcale par l'Église syrienne orientale" 6390:

Cartography between Christian Europe and the Arabic-Islamic World, 1100-1500: Divergent Traditions

17303: 16837: 16825: 16698: 16597: 15940: 15674: 15579: 15468: 15418: 15275: 15192: 15167: 14375: 14315: 14191: 14073: 13872: 13474: 13281: 13226: 13173: 12976: 12856: 12666: 12465: 10430: 10337: 9330:"Persecuting Heresy in Early Islamic Iraq: The Catholicos Ishoyahb III and the Elites of Nisibis" 8838: 7401: 7387: 5966:, 2nd edn., 3 vols., ed. Angelo Di Berardino (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2014), 3:47. 4146: 3973: 3713: 3510: 3390: 3269: 3233: 3027: 2861:, leading to a wave of Nestorian immigration into the Sasanian Empire. The Patriarch of the East 2621: 2605: 2567: 2112: 1973: 1759: 1635: 1564: 1519: 1499: 1348: 1132: 1017: 940: 479: 5705: 4807:

The Church of Seleucia - Ctesiphon was called the East Syrian Church or the Church of the East .

3837:. Some of those schisms were caused by individuals or groups who chose to accept union with the 1809:. Shirin was a member of the Church of East, but later joined the miaphysite church of Antioch. 17440: 17389: 17058: 16670: 16472: 16466: 16374:

with various additional/alternate self-identifications, such as Syriacs, Arameans, or Chaldeans

16260: 15851: 15709: 15651: 15542: 15521: 15286: 15035: 14922: 14540: 14161: 14082: 14058: 13490: 13158: 13102: 12775: 12506: 12446: 10470: 10455: 10313: 10087: 10068: 8427:

Genuinae relationes inter Sedem Apostolicam et Assyriorum orientalium seu Chaldaeorum ecclesiam

7393:

De catholicis seu patriarchis Chaldaeorum et Nestorianorum commentarius historico-chronologicus

5385: 5171: 4494: 4401: 3542: 3436: 3398: 3319: 3278: 3257: 2842: 2676: 2237: 2116: 2046: 2042: 1813: 1727: 1545: 1104: 408: 358: 334: 126: 16574: 10551: 9249:

Redefining Christian Identity: Cultural Interaction in the Middle East since the Rise of Islam

7313:

Assyrians, Kurds, and Ottomans: Intercommunal Relations on the Periphery of the Ottoman Empire

6388: 6244: 6141:, Bibliothèque historique des pays d’Islam, Paris: Éditions de la Sorbonne, pp. 455–533, 5389: 5187: 5005: 4760:. Mar Thoma Yogam publications. Centre for Indian Christian Archaeological Research. p. 5 4587: 4486: 3493:

Christianity reached China by 635, and its relics can still be seen in Chinese cities such as

2991: 2574:

was required both to lead the Assyrian Christian community and to answer on its behalf to the

17467: 17462: 16682: 16658: 16319: 15918: 15644: 15453: 15356: 15311: 15240: 15030: 14972: 14863: 14858: 14736: 14730: 14530: 14078: 14043: 13948: 13862: 13644: 13356: 13150: 13094: 9804: 9780: 9765:"Mar Iohannan Soulaqa, premier Patriarche des Chaldéens, martyr de l'union avec Rome (†1555)" 9354:

A State of Mixture: Christians, Zoroastrians, and Iranian Political Culture in Late Antiquity

8737: 8712: 7962: 6362: 5796: 4502: 4265: 3720:, the Church of the East was confined to the area in and around the rough triangle formed by 3476: 2766:. However, the Persian Church faced several severe persecutions, notably during the reign of 2330: 2326: 2120: 1883: 1741: 1553: 1487: 1322: 1108: 705: 217: 138: 8276:

Pour un Oriens Christianus Novus: Répertoire des diocèses syriaques orientaux et occidentaux

7893:

La Christianisation de l'Empire Iranien: Des origines aux grandes persécutions du ive siècle

2389:

Portraits of the Four Evangelists, from a gospel lectionary according to the Nestorian use.

17450: 17413: 17265: 17251: 17199: 17174: 17164: 17154: 17149: 17144: 16908: 16602: 16140: 16090: 16075: 15952: 15661: 15561: 15511: 15506: 15463: 15423: 15351: 15020: 14977: 14927: 14715: 14667: 14662: 14637: 14473: 14427: 14330: 14320: 14156: 14149: 14000: 13914: 13686: 13676: 13639: 13408: 13360: 13344: 13328: 13118: 13000: 12717: 12659: 12615: 12511: 12392: 11421: 10601: 10435: 10410: 7839: 6565:

Being a Christian in Sri Lanka: Historical, Political, Social, and Religious Considerations

6430: 6333: 3149: 2995:

A 9th-century mural of a cleric of the Church of the East from the palace of al-Mukhtar in

2617: 2586: 2474: 2366: 2310: 2235:

manuscripts from early 19th century or earlier—they were published in a compilation titled

2216: 2208: 1856: 1778: 1419: 1401: 1285: 1276: 1100: 1075: 916: 813: 660: 301: 101: 16433: 8550:"L'unification de la hiérarchie chaldéenne dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle (Suite)" 8070: 4561: 3362:, who had authority over the clergy and also wielded a great amount of secular power. The 2189: 1162:

Even before the Church of the East underwent a rapid decline in its field of expansion in

977:, which continue to follow the traditional theology and liturgy of the mother church. The 8: 17525: 17520: 17515: 17510: 17505: 17500: 17495: 17457: 17418: 17340: 17224: 17194: 17189: 17184: 17169: 17087: 16849: 16758: 16676: 16664: 16612: 16607: 16447: 16427: 16386: 16309: 16285: 16270: 16189: 16179: 16165: 16145: 16135: 16105: 16085: 16014: 15745: 15574: 15501: 15331: 15260: 15187: 15044: 15025: 14765: 14760: 14687: 14405: 14380: 14259: 14239: 14186: 14087: 13985: 13882: 13850: 13794: 13305: 13126: 12405: 12352: 11325: 11307: 10676: 10650: 10505: 10490: 10450: 10031: 9532: 7535: 7427: 7413: 6416:"Mapa mondi (Catalan Atlas of 1375), Majorcan cartographic school, and 14th century Asia" 6319:"Mapa mondi (Catalan Atlas of 1375), Majorcan cartographic school, and 14th century Asia" 4396: 4391: 4307: 4306:

This also ended the rivalry between the senior Eliya line and the junior Shimun line, as

4303:, marking the last remnant of the hereditary system within the Chaldean Catholic Church. 3875: 3377:

In the 12th century Indian Nestorianism engaged the Western imagination in the figure of

3355: 3292:, identified as Christian due to the early Christian presence there) in the contemporary 2945: 2838: 2834: 2657: 2140: 1977: 1782: 1755: 1650: 1643: 1495: 986: 958: 936: 913: 826: 780: 720: 354: 249: 122: 111: 9675: 8796:

Ostsyrische Christen und Kurden im Osmanischen Reich des 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhunderts

8303:

Syriac Dialogue: First Non-Official Consultation on Dialogue within the Syriac Tradition

7818:"Syriac Christology and Christian Community in the Fifteenth-Century Church of the East" 6590:"Mar Aprem Metropolitan Visits Ancient Anuradhapura Cross in Official Trip to Sri Lanka" 6515:

Latin vestments, rituals, and customs were introduced to replace the ancient traditions.

6434: 6337: 3505:, attributes the introduction of Christianity to a mission under a Persian cleric named 3199: 17430: 17239: 17159: 17080: 17053: 16396: 16184: 16130: 16041: 16031: 15822: 15737: 15296: 14992: 14742: 14672: 14589: 14577: 14554: 14350: 13965: 13909: 13899: 13701: 13485: 13242: 12992: 12959: 12811: 12602: 12516: 12409: 11862: 10983: 10779: 10687: 10561: 10465: 10395: 9950: 9458: 9142: 9128: 8757: 7928: 7737: 7713: 7687: 7656: 7632: 7455: 5857: 5739: 5686: 5425: 4532: 4516: 4435: 4188: 4174: 3599:

clan, as did their sons in turn. During the rule of Genghis's grandson, the Great Khan

3460: 3415: 3334:

settled in the region. The Saint Thomas Christians traditionally credit the mission of

3327: 3326:, India, who according to tradition trace their origins to the evangelizing efforts of 3113: 3046:. Nestorian missionaries were firmly established in China during the early part of the 3008: 2736: 2728: 2628: 2566:, held at the Sasanian capital, allowed the church's leading bishops to elect a formal 2478: 2128: 2089: 1899:

In his 1996 article, "The 'Nestorian' Church: a lamentable misnomer", published in the

1763: 1556:; this doctrine was misleadingly labelled as 'Nestorian' by its theological opponents. 1479: 1430: 1411: 1092: 1052: 1029: 329: 222: 201: 14063: 6917: 6616: 2900:; this ended in 545. The church survived these trials under the guidance of Patriarch 2727:. The Church of the East traced its origins ultimately to the evangelical activity of 17472: 17234: 17204: 17031: 16982: 16968: 16819: 16622: 16221: 16100: 16006: 15930: 15829: 15802: 15721: 15669: 15619: 15378: 15346: 15341: 15336: 15326: 15316: 15265: 14917: 14836: 14831: 14785: 14725: 14594: 14390: 13775: 13696: 13634: 13368: 13110: 12897: 12707: 11334: 11070: 10812: 10606: 10370: 10045: 9981: 9960: 9936: 9913: 9890: 9869: 9848: 9827: 9790: 9698: 9662:

Tfinkdji, Joseph (1914). "L' église chaldéenne catholique autrefois et aujourd'hui".

9648: 9631:

Les Porteurs de lumière: Péripéties de l'Eglise chrétienne de Perse, IIIe-VIIe siècle

9600: 9498: 9477: 9427: 9404: 9381: 9358: 9337: 9303: 9276: 9252: 9229: 9192:"The Patriarchs of the Church of the East from the Fifteenth to Eighteenth Centuries" 9159: 9110: 9087: 9063: 8996: 8934: 8913: 8892: 8848: 8824: 8800: 8779: 8761: 8722: 8694: 8673: 8636: 8593: 8589: 8445: 8407: 8386: 8354: 8330: 8306: 8294: 8280: 8270: 8256: 8246: 8209: 8172: 8158: 8138: 8092: 8082: 8056: 8035: 8014: 7993: 7947: 7897: 7825: 7768: 7723: 7699: 7642: 7618: 7580: 7545: 7521: 7511: 7486: 7465: 7437: 7317: 6569: 6535: 6394: 6368: 6202: 6142: 5875: 5849: 5810: 5800: 5743: 5731: 5678: 5247: 5089: 5011: 4870: 4683: 4593: 4536: 4524: 4506: 4341: 4170: 3806: 3411: 3109: 3105: 3086: 2913: 2858: 2830: 2791: 2787: 2775: 2716: 2571: 2438: 2152: 1723: 1631: 1608: 1588: 1584: 1523: 1461: 1233: 1184: 1120: 715: 338: 324: 14780: 8441:

Christ in Christian Tradition: The Churches of Jerusalem and Antioch from 451 to 600

6497: 3930:

districts in northern Mesopotamia, chose a new patriarch. They elected a monk named

3757: 3358:, provided from Persia, who oversaw a varying number of bishops as well as a native 2983: 1016:, which it calls the 'Church of the West'. The Church of the East was headed by the 17487: 17423: 17179: 16764: 16617: 16589: 16495: 16458: 15965: 15807: 15782: 15361: 15321: 14677: 14617: 14005: 13990: 13691: 13671: 13666: 13649: 13629: 13142: 12670: 12587: 10495: 10420: 10226: 10102: 10039: 9450: 9206: 8871: 8749: 8435: 7974: 7920: 7911:

Chesnut, Roberta C. (1978). "The Two Prosopa in Nestorius' Bazaar of Heracleides".

7878: 7791: 7675: 7572: 7278: 6438: 6341: 5841: 5721: 5717: 5529: 5498: 5417: 4439: 4319: 4123: 4089: 4088:) was meant to point to the legitimacy of their Catholic line. Sulaqa's successor, 3643: 3432: 3402: 3386: 3363: 3253: 3249: 3224:, and missionaries from Assyria and Mesopotamia took the Christian faith as far as 3133: 2893: 2846: 2826: 2755:, or universal leader. This position received an additional title in 410, becoming 2645: 2530: 2242: 2093: 1961: 1786: 1690: 1549: 1032:

in the first century. Its liturgical rite is the East Syrian rite that employs the

954: 568: 546: 185: 143: 17117: 9086:

The Church in history. Vol. 2. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press.

8909:

Das nestorianische Christentum an den Handelswegen durch Kyrgyzstan bis zum 14. Jh

8516:"L'unification de la hiérarchie chaldéenne dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle" 3792:. Small Nestorian communities were located further west, notably in Jerusalem and 3552:

Christianity in China experienced a significant revival during the Mongol-created

1925:

in 410, the Church of the East was declared to have at its head the bishop of the

1876:

theology, but with Babai's assembly of 612, which canonically sanctioned the "two

1730:, and stirred controversy when Nestorius publicly challenged the use of the title 17435: 17408: 17107: 16932: 16722: 16716: 16579: 16554: 16534: 16361: 16174: 16080: 15871: 15569: 15050: 14952: 14890: 14632: 14583: 14129: 13784: 12675: 10755: 10588: 10571: 10566: 10390: 10385: 10062: 9975: 9954: 9928: 9905: 9884: 9863: 9842: 9819: 9808: 9784: 9764: 9748:"Les inscriptions de Rabban Hormizd et de N.-D. des Semences près d'Alqoš (Iraq)" 9747: 9730: 9713: 9692: 9679: 9640: 9629: 9615: 9592: 9581: 9536: 9492: 9471: 9424:

Centres of Learning: Learning and Location in Pre-modern Europe and the Near East

9419: 9396: 9373: 9352: 9329: 9318: 9291: 9270: 9244: 9221: 9177: 9153: 9102: 9081: 9077: 9055: 9043:

Marthaler, Berard L., ed. (2003). "Chaldean Catholic Church (Eastern Catholic)".

9011: 8990: 8979: 8949: 8928: 8907: 8884: 8842: 8818: 8794: 8773: 8716: 8708: 8688: 8667: 8628: 8583: 8498: 8483: 8439: 8425: 8401: 8380: 8369: 8348: 8324: 8320: 8298: 8274: 8250: 8162: 8142: 8050: 8029: 8008: 7987: 7941: 7891: 7817: 7762: 7717: 7691: 7636: 7612: 7539: 7515: 7501: 7480: 7459: 7431: 7417: 7391: 7377: 7363: 7349: 7335: 7311: 6232: 5879: 5067:"Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East — World Council of Churches" 5049: 4864: 4793: 4755: 4677: 4557: 4135: 4022: 3977: 3947: 3838: 3498: 3486: 3311: 3229: 3181: 3173: 3165: 3121: 3117: 3074: 3051: 2873: 2708: 2704: 2545: 2370: 2306: 2232: 2200: 2124: 2085: 1906: 1835: 1817: 1801:), the theological view most opposed to Nestorianism. They received support from 1710:

doctrine that emphasises the distinction between the human and divine natures of

1474:

The Church of the East's declaration in 424 of the independence of its head, the

1334: 1211: 1207: 1112: 1005: 1001: 953:, the Church of the East developed its own unique form of Christian theology and 947: 750: 745: 541: 12871: 4107:, continued to actively oppose union with Rome, and was succeeded by his nephew 3481: 2868: 17403: 17328: 16987: 16914: 16890: 16778: 16549: 16544: 16170: 16070: 15866: 15755: 15701: 15634: 15614: 15373: 15214: 15054: 15040: 15015: 15010: 14801: 14775: 14705: 14520: 14422: 14417: 14400: 14340: 14234: 14181: 14010: 13930: 13779: 13376: 12902: 12760: 12417: 11387: 11225: 10822: 10803: 10760: 10734: 10664: 10531: 10521: 10475: 10415: 10147: 10125: 9295: 9044: 9012:"Relationes nationem Chaldaeorum inter et Custodiam Terrae Sanctae (1551-1629)" 8814: 8690:

Light from the East: A Symposium on the Oriental Orthodox and Assyrian Churches

8479: 7576: 6443: 6346: 6134: 5957: 4232: 4072:

Amadiya, imprisoned him for four months, and put him to death in January 1555.

3862: 3842: 3701: 3651: 3489:, created in 781, describes the introduction of Nestorian Christianity to China 3335: 3331: 3137: 2917: 2905: 2854: 2783: 2771: 2740: 2712: 2601: 2334: 2286: 1926: 1662: 1654: 1465: 1369: 1203: 1144: 790: 563: 551: 484: 260: 67: 9494:

Voyager from Xanadu: Rabban Sauma and the First Journey from China to the West

8096: 5726: 4520: 3600: 2664:(497–503) confirmed the association of the Assyrian Church with Nestorianism. 2551:

The early Church had branches that took inspiration from Neo-Platonism, other

2037:, in some cases lightly revised and with missing books added, is the standard 17566: 16831: 16438: 16416: 16095: 16026: 15876: 15584: 15224: 15219: 14957: 14894: 14883: 14770: 14657: 14560: 14548: 14412: 14385: 14325: 13804: 13624: 12770: 12765: 12526: 12501: 12401: 11200: 10638: 10324: 10183: 9977:

The Chronicle of Seert: Christian Historical Imagination in Late Antique Iraq

9625: 9454: 9266: 9211: 8966: 8490:

Searching for an Imaginary Kingdom: The Legend of the Kingdom of Prester John

8421: 8344: 7924: 7857: 7307: 5853: 5814: 5792: 5735: 5682: 4434:

Traditional Western historiography of the Church dated its foundation to the

4115: 4099:

The Eliya-line Patriarch Shemon VII Ishoyahb (1539–1558), who resided in the

3810: 3717: 3588: 3453: 3293: 3237: 2724: 2608:

of 325, affirming the full divinity of Christ, were formally accepted at the

2148: 2108: 2081: 1639: 1537: 1293: 1192: 1156: 1025: 645: 630: 610: 573: 558: 534: 403: 89: 17097: 8875: 5515:"Images in the Church of the East: The Evidence from Central Asia and China" 4645: 4220: 4014: 3737: 3517:. The inscription on the Nestorian Stele, whose dating formula mentions the 3346:

solidified the church's jurisdiction in India. In the 8th century Patriarch

1024:, continuing a line that, according to its tradition, stretched back to the 962: 30:"Nestorian Church" redirects here. For the church in Famagusta, Cyprus, see 16855: 15908: 15856: 15787: 15777: 15458: 15390: 15255: 15151: 14982: 14912: 14790: 14599: 14570: 14437: 14134: 13877: 13836: 13340: 12831: 12826: 12821: 12620: 12610: 12583: 12557: 12421: 11149: 11144: 11089: 11040: 10963: 10858: 10480: 10440: 10400: 10158: 9138: 9124: 8981:

Ein Märtyrer der Union mit Rom: Joseph I. 1681–1696, Patriarch der Chaldäer

7795: 7753: 7043: 4119: 3918:

yahb had become so unpopular that a group of bishops, principally from the

3822: 3818: 3814: 3686: 3604: 3592: 3553: 3514: 3394: 3378: 3343: 3221: 3047: 3039: 2961: 2763: 2594: 2534: 2228: 1985: 1981: 1798: 1790: 1750: 1703: 1686: 1619: 1600: 1576: 1541: 1507: 1440: 1327: 1163: 1152: 1060: 1048: 1040: 966: 670: 655: 640: 620: 615: 605: 167: 130: 13443: 12235: 12225: 12153: 12142: 12087: 12031: 11955: 11914: 11618: 10934: 7882: 6135:"Chapitre 5. La justice des non-musulmans dans le Proche-Orient islamique" 5786: 4273:

of the Amid Patriarchate resigned in 1780, Rome likewise made his nephew,

4247: 4067: 4058: 4044: 4038: 3995: 3989: 3968:

in Eastern Syria" or "Patriarch of the Church of the Chaldeans of Mosul" (

3913: 3907: 3897: 3891: 3883: 3877: 3868: 3817:

date from the 1350s, shortly before the replacement in 1368 of the Mongol

3805:, mention the murder of a Latin bishop in 1339 or 1340 by a Muslim mob in 3623: 3523: 2248:

A life-size male stucco figure discovered in a late-6th-century church in

1695: 17102: 16740: 16734: 16371: 16210: 15960: 15923: 15772: 15624: 15599: 15496: 14622: 14483: 14454: 14395: 14370: 14365: 14229: 14144: 14038: 14019: 13728: 12907: 12881: 12433: 12425: 12413: 11215: 11205: 11174: 11134: 11129: 11094: 11084: 11050: 11017: 10953: 10500: 8753: 8663: 8177:"L'Élam, la première des métropoles ecclésiastiques syriennes orientales" 7978: 7596:"Interpolations in the Syriac Translation of Nestorius' Liber Heraclidis" 7176: 7076: 7074: 7072: 7070: 5788:

Day of Empire: How Hyperpowers Rise to Global Dominance–and Why They Fall

5533: 5406:"The Modern Chaldeans and Nestorians, and the Study of Syriac among Them" 4443: 4085: 3797: 3556:, established after the Mongols had conquered China in the 13th century. 3531: 3521: 3502: 3059: 3035: 3019: 2953: 2925: 2889: 2862: 2700: 2541: 2264: 2185: 2016: 1854:"mask, character, person"). As happened also with the Greek terms φύσις ( 1825: 1707: 1391: 1315: 1308: 1103:. Between the 9th and 14th centuries, it represented the world's largest 1000:

The Church of the East organized itself initially in the year 410 as the

950: 785: 650: 529: 239: 163: 9462: 9302:. Vol. 5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 511–536. 8930:

God is One: A Christian Defence of Divine Unity in the Muslim Golden Age

7932: 7679: 7279:

Fred Aprim, "Assyria and Assyrians Since the 2003 US Occupation of Iraq"

5690: 5666: 4679:

Jewish Ways of Following Jesus: Redrawing the Religious Map of Antiquity

2805: 1099:(633–654), the Church of the East played a major role in the history of 1028:. According to its tradition, the Church of the East was established by 17068: 17063: 16861: 16058: 15797: 15594: 15250: 15182: 15002: 14752: 14700: 14505: 14335: 13980: 13809: 13753: 13748: 12917: 12912: 12851: 12780: 12690: 12625: 12361: 11270: 11210: 11179: 11159: 11154: 11124: 10992: 10978: 10973: 10943: 10932: 10765: 10425: 8950:"Note sur les schismes de l'Église nestorienne, du XVIe au XIXe siècle" 7482:

The Church of the East: An Illustrated History of Assyrian Christianity

5861: 5829: 4459:

section for the naming issue and alternate designations for the church.

4163: 4131: 3958: 3943: 3729: 3655: 3557: 3419: 3367: 3359: 3184: 3177: 3161: 3125: 2884:

Now firmly established in the Persian Empire, with centres in Nisibis,

2752: 2732: 2470: 2465:

with biblical scenes in medallions, counterclockwise from bottom left:

2302: 2101: 1941: 1930: 1873: 1802: 1301: 1215: 1159:, where influential Church of the East clergy sat in the Mongol court. 675: 12928: 10000: 7188: 7067: 7004: 5429: 5405: 4786: 4318:, and its patriarchate remained hereditary until the death in 1975 of 3662:, Cyprus, a Nestorian community was established just before 1300, and 3646:

had initially conceived of his journey to the West as a pilgrimage to

3575: 1171:

the number was further reduced to seven only. In the aftermath of the

17288: 17122: 17002: 16843: 16784: 16215: 16063: 15898: 15888: 15881: 15839: 15834: 15629: 15589: 14997: 14947: 14873: 14868: 14642: 14627: 14355: 14345: 14048: 14034: 13758: 13392: 12861: 12801: 11302: 11283: 11244: 11114: 10380: 8499:"Signification de l'union chaldéenne de Mar Sulaqa avec Rome en 1553" 7742:"Early Dated Manuscripts of the Church of the East, 7th-13th Century" 7236: 4296: 4261: 4243: 4159: 3705: 3690: 3659: 3647: 3632: 3612: 3595:

was a shamanist, but his sons took Christian wives from the powerful

3583:

The Church of the East enjoyed a final period of expansion under the

3188: 3169: 3141: 3063: 2957: 2897: 2885: 2767: 2748: 2637: 2632: 2582: 2552: 2350: 2211:, proves that in the 13th century the Church of the East was not yet 2204: 2177: 2173: 2159: 2062: 1953: 1934: 1890: 1732: 1715: 1491: 1483: 1056: 760: 680: 625: 9865:

The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913

8651: 8485:Поиски вымышленного царства: Легенда о государстве пресвитера Иоанна 8122: 8105: 7595: 5845: 5086:

Christianity in Iraq: Its Origins and Development to the Present Day

2802:

and declare the Catholicate independent from "the western Fathers".

2620:

of 451. For this reason, the Assyrian Church has never approved the

17073: 17046: 17019: 17007: 16992: 16746: 16693: 15604: 15473: 14841: 14720: 14360: 14139: 14053: 13799: 13789: 13743: 13738: 13733: 12846: 12816: 12785: 12457: 12437: 12429: 11292: 11257: 11239: 11012: 10958: 10868: 10817: 10798: 10793: 10633: 10536: 10375: 9564: 9547: 7805:"List of Patriarchs of the Main Syriac Churches in the Middle East" 7248: 6451: 5782: 5421: 4257: 4239: 4196: 4184: 4108: 3903: 3725: 3494: 3406: 3382: 3371: 3153: 3104:

Nestorian Christians made substantial contributions to the Islamic

2968: 2937: 2779: 2744: 2653: 2410: 2227:

contains an illustration depicting Jesus Christ in the circle of a

2196: 2111:

of the Peshitta, which originally excluded certain disputed books (

2034: 2028: 1850: 1666: 1604: 1596: 1511: 1219: 1176: 1071: 1044: 665: 600: 171: 16330: 8382:

Catholics and Sultans: The Church and the Ottoman Empire 1453-1923

5917: 5915: 4528: 2987:

Ecclesiastical provinces of the Church of the East in 10th century

2151:

in the region, which forbade any type of depictions of Saints and

17335: 16728: 16650: 16530: 16304: 15913: 15893: 15750: 15639: 14878: 14808: 14468: 14432: 13421:* Ecumenical status disputed within the Eastern Orthodox Church. 12685: 12347: 11320: 11297: 11220: 10997: 10878: 10873: 10832: 10827: 10784: 10671: 10460: 7638:

Studies in Syriac Christianity: History, Literature, and Theology

4178: 4063: 4054: 4050: 4018: 4017:), he consecrated two metropolitans and three other bishops (for 3981: 3584: 3535: 3129: 3043: 2996: 2933: 2921: 2649: 2590: 2556: 2500: 2163: 1965: 710: 206: 9820:"The Evolution of Pro-Nicene Theology in the Church of the East" 7212: 7016: 4564:. e-GEDSH:Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage 4080:

This new Catholic line founded by Sulaqa maintained its seat at

3203:

Church of the East at its largest extent during the Middle Ages.

2739:. Leadership and structure remained disorganised until 315 when 2305:, from a 13th-century Nestorian Peshitta Gospel book written in 17384: 17308: 17112: 17041: 17014: 16997: 15120: 13894: 13814: 13681: 11002: 10234: 9548:"The Church of the East & Its Theology: History of Studies" 9083:

Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450–680 A.D.

7989:

Mar Elia Aboona und the history of the East Syrian patriarchate

7541:

Nestorius and His Teaching: A Fresh Examination of the Evidence

6360: 5912: 5311: 5289: 5287: 4991:

A History of Christianity in Asia. Volume I: Beginnings to 1500

4659: 4657: 4592:(22-Feb-2022 ed.). Univ of California Press. p. 409. 4498: 4228: 4192: 4154:, former residence of the Patriarchs of the Church of the East. 4127: 4104: 4030: 3939: 3927: 3834: 3793: 3781: 3776:) to the south - a region comprising, in modern maps, northern 3769: 3761: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3636: 3608: 3596: 3506: 3323: 3297: 3283: 3217: 3157: 3055: 3013: 2795: 2446: 2442: 2097: 1969: 1957: 1949: 1945: 1806: 1767: 1196: 1136: 1087: 234: 9597:

Religionsgeschichte des Orients in der Zeit der Weltreligionen

7200: 7164: 6943: 6941: 6799: 6017: 5470: 5468: 5466: 4841: 3228:, with a primary indicator of their missionary work being the 1972:

communities overseen by priests. Dioceses were organised into

1877: 1867: 1843: 1829: 881: 17036: 17024: 16920: 15846: 15306: 15245: 15202: 14442: 12592: 10917: 10774: 10594: 10405: 10238: 7698:. New York and London: Garland Publishing. pp. 281–298. 6980: 6532:

A History of Christianity in India: The Beginnings to AD 1707

6468: 6466: 4253: 4208: 4093: 4034: 3965: 3954: 3785: 3773: 3765: 3721: 3709: 3697: 3682: 3615:, made a formal conversion to Islam when he took the throne. 3579:

Mongol tribes that adopted Syriac Christianity ca. 600 – 1400

3245: 3241: 3225: 3213: 3090: 3031: 3023: 2967:

The Church of the East also flourished in the kingdom of the

2941: 2929: 2901: 2877: 2814: 2684: 2462: 2390: 1745: 1711: 1627: 1623: 1612: 1592: 1180: 1168: 1079: 990: 755: 175: 77: 7154: 7152: 7137: 7115: 7113: 7098: 6968: 6958: 6956: 6852: 6850: 6757: 5284: 5142: 5106: 5024: 4654: 1968:, each headed by a bishop and made up of several individual 12806: 12234: 10853: 9300:

The Cambridge History of Christianity: Eastern Christianity

9109:. William. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. pp. 14–15. 7086: 6938: 6897: 6895: 6811: 6787: 5830:"Jewish Liturgical Traditions in Early Syriac Christianity" 5762: 5609: 5607: 5463: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4216: 4212: 4081: 4026: 4010: 3923: 3919: 3789: 3777: 3733: 3209: 3093:. He also detached India from the metropolitan province of 2949: 2818: 2720: 2692: 2269:

wall painting from a church at Karakhoja, Chinese Turkestan

1124: 982: 81: 8052:

Jingjiao: The Church of the East in China and Central Asia

7224: 7125: 6478: 6463: 6258:"When is a Nestorian not a Nestorian? Mostly, that's when" 6042: 5342: 5340: 5338: 4774: 4615: 4613: 4491:

The First Thousand Years: A Global History of Christianity

3988:. These events, in which Rome was led to believe that Shem 3801:

Several contemporary observers, including the Papal Envoy

2872:

A 6th century Nestorian church, St. John the Arab, in the

2425:

Nestorian Christian statuette probably from Imperial China

9686:. Vol. 11. Paris: Letouzey et Ané. pp. 157–323. 8252:

Communautés syriaques en Iran et Irak des origines à 1552

8013:(3rd revised ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 8007:

Cross, Frank L.; Livingstone, Elizabeth A., eds. (2005).

7283: 7149: 7110: 7055: 6953: 6862: 6847: 6835: 6823: 6745: 6697: 5993: 5445:

East Meets West in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times

4936: 4934: 4798:. Pont. institutum studiorum orientalium. 1971. p. 2 4314:

patriarchate of the line". In 1976, it adopted the name

3867:

Around the middle of the fifteenth century Patriarch Shem

2971:

until the Islamic conquest, particularly after the ruler

1737: 997:

which also claim the heritage of the Church of the East.

465:

Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovenia

13129:(Basel/Lausanne: 1431–1449; Ferrara/Florence: 1438–1445) 10717: 9886:

The Martyred Church: A History of the Church of the East

8862:

Jugie, Martin (1935). "L'ecclésiologie des Nestoriens".

8329:. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press. 7719:

Fire from Heaven: Studies in Syriac Theology and Liturgy

6926: 6892: 6661: 6102: 6078: 5939: 5619: 5604: 5552: 5550: 5299: 5209: 4824: 3062:, and over 20 bishops east of the Iranian border of the 2267:

procession of Nestorian clergy in a 7th- or 8th-century

919:

that arose from the Christological controversies of the

448:

Eastern Rite Community in Germany and the Czech Republic

9275:(2nd revised ed.). San Francisco: Ignatius Press. 8635:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 431–450. 7033: 7031: 6685: 6673: 6178: 6005: 5927: 5335: 4749: 4747: 4610: 3685:

in 1405, only seven. The result of some 20 years under

3112:, particularly in translating the works of the ancient 3097:

and made it a separate metropolitan province, known as

2715:), and there were significant Christian communities in 2635:, whose reluctance to accord the Virgin Mary the title 2616:

differs from the definition of the term offered at the

1502:, in which a Persian bishop took part, in 325, and the 17578:

Christian organizations established in the 1st century

15060:

Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America

11364: 7809:

Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage

7520:. Roma: Pontificium Institutum Orientalium Studiorum. 6721: 6709: 6525: 6523: 6281:

Ronald G. Roberson, "The Syro-Malabar Catholic Church"

5981: 5451: 5272: 5118: 4931: 4812: 4720: 3538:). The names of around seventy monks are also listed. 3042:, where they had significant success converting local 2192:

in 1908 is probably a representation of Jesus Christ.

2155:. As such, the Church was forced to get rid of icons. 1984:

a patriarch. The Patriarch also has the charge of the

1575:, which became home to a thriving community under the 485:

P'ent'ay - Ethiopian and Eritrean Evangelical Churches

267:, while the other sect split further in 1968 into the 8403:

Christianity in India: From Beginnings to the Present

6557: 6555: 6114: 6066: 6039:, 3rd edn. (New York: Penguin Books, 1993), 116, 245. 5547: 4946: 4280: 3984:

conferring patriarchal rank, confirmed with the bull

3244:, who alone escaped the destruction of the church by 2409:), a lost wall painting from the Nestorian church at 2176:

in Persia, writing about 1330 of the East Syrians in

2131:), had become the standard by the early 5th century. 9228:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 335–352. 9182:. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 8434: 8374:. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 7845:

Synodicon orientale ou recueil de synodes nestoriens

7696:

Doctrinal Diversity: Varieties of Early Christianity

7260: 7028: 6154: 5969: 5888: 5480: 5260: 4958: 4744: 4625: 4487:"Syriac-Speaking Christians: The Church of the East" 2790:, accompanied by a number of teachers, to leave the 2285:, a late-9th-century silk painting preserved in the 1940:

The Church of the East had, like other churches, an

1828:

of the Church of the East. He affirmed that the two

9789:London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 6992: 6733: 6520: 6226:

Assyrians contributions to the Islamic civilization

6090: 6054: 5900: 5352: 5323: 5221: 5197: 5181: 5130: 4970: 4732: 4708: 2652:in 484, replacing him with the Nestorian Bishop of 1214:in opposition to the reigning Catholicos-Patriarch 9242: 9219: 9186: 8633:The Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Archaeology 8444:. Vol. 2/3. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 7864:. Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 7811:. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press. pp. 481–491. 7614:An Introduction to the Christian Orthodox Churches 7565:Journal of the Canadian Society for Syriac Studies 7561:"The Last Days of Nestorius in the Syriac Sources" 7194: 7080: 7010: 6552: 5052:Retrieved December 2010. Information sourced from 4757:Pope John Paul II and the Catholic Church in India 4696: 3654:from the years 1348 through 1575, as contemporary 3089:of Central Asia, for China, and possibly also for 9617:Nestorian Missionary Enterprise: A Church on Fire 9029:"The Christian Communities in the Holy Sepulchre" 8973:. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 8629:"The Church of the East until the Eighth Century" 5373:Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870-1915 4126:(1580–1600), who moved away from Turkish rule to 3501:, set up on 7 January 781 at the then-capital of 3011:designated the Church of the East as an official 2349:The twelve apostles are gathered around Peter at 17564: 9272:Rome and the Eastern Churches: A Study in Schism 9251:. Leuven: Peeters Publishers. pp. 301–320. 9226:Aramaic in Its Historical and Linguistic Setting 8006: 7992:. Vol. 85. Harrassowitz. pp. 119–138. 7824:. Leuven: Peeters Publishers. pp. 265–276. 7503:Istoria degli ultimi quattro secoli della Chiesa 7406:History of the Chaldean and Nestorian patriarchs 5921: 3964:of 20 February 1553 was appointed "Patriarch of 2667: 1012:. In 424, it declared itself independent of the 10246: 9292:"Syriac Christianity in the modern Middle East" 9049:. Vol. 3. Thompson-Gale. pp. 366–369. 8055:. Institut Monumenta Serica. pp. 149–162. 7661:"The 'Nestorian' Church: A Lamentable Misnomer" 7299: 4589:Invitation to Syriac Christianity: An Anthology 4242:(XII) and his designated successor (the future 3085:in Tabaristan, for Sarbaz in Segestan, for the 2699:Christians were already forming communities in 2612:in 410. The church's understanding of the term 455:Evangelical Church of Egypt (Synod of the Nile) 9889:. London: East & West Publishing Limited. 9473:The Eastern Christian Churches: A Brief Survey 8891:. London-New York: Routledge. pp. 66–77. 7802: 7781: 6617:"Did Christianity exist in ancient Sri Lanka?" 6023: 4866:Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon: Under Mar Isaac 2841:where he publicly accepted Nestorius' mentor, 2627:The theological controversy that followed the 2585:(at the time being known as the church of the 1777:It was in the aftermath of the slightly later 1039:The Church of the East, which was part of the 27:Church of the East Syriac Rite of Christianity 17367: 16346: 16020:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches 15719: 15136: 13459: 12944: 12377: 11412:Dioceses of the Church of the East after 1552 11407:Dioceses of the Church of the East, 1318–1552 11350: 10703: 10016: 9476:(6th ed.). Roma: Orientalia Christiana. 9374:"Early Syriac Reactions to the Rise of Islam" 9107:Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions 8707: 7764:The Holy Spirit: Eastern Christian Traditions 7534: 6035:Donald Attwater & Catherine Rachel John, 5317: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5157: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4456: 4372:Dioceses of the Church of the East, 1318–1552 4362:Dioceses of the Church of the East after 1552 4075: 3124:. Nestorians made their own contributions to 2845:, as a spiritual authority. In 489, when the 2167: 2019:, one being Tangut, the other Katai and Ong. 1916: 1258: 939:(whose Eastern branch would later become the 846: 16370:Ethno-linguistic group(s) indigenous to the 9906:"The Church of the East in the 'Abbasid Era" 9289: 8164:Jalons pour une histoire de l'Église en Iraq 7803:Burleson, Samuel; Rompay, Lucas van (2011). 6201:. University of Chicago Press. p. 164. 5881:Jalons pour une histoire de l'Église en Iraq 5499:Syriac Versions of the Bible by Thomas Nicol 4377:List of patriarchs of the Church of the East 3564: 3389:(Jesuits), determined to actively bring the 3302:Here rules the king of Colombo, a Christian. 3054:describes a mission under a proselyte named 2220: 13473: 9926: 9903: 9641:"The Coming of Christianity to Mesopotamia" 9538:The Nestorian Documents and Relics in China 9357:. Oakland: University of California Press. 9316: 8028:Daniel, Elton L.; Mahdi, Ali Akbar (2006). 8027: 7450: 7242: 7218: 7182: 7092: 7022: 6817: 6793: 6534:. Cambridge University Press. p. 322. 6484: 6472: 5999: 5945: 5933: 5703: 5293: 5112: 5088:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 166. 5030: 4847: 4835: 4780: 4753: 4619: 4449: 4415: 4141: 4001:and has continued in the Patriarchs of the 3274:India (East Syriac ecclesiastical province) 3050:(618–907); the Chinese source known as the 2090:deuterocanonical books of the Old Testament 1680: 17374: 17360: 16353: 16339: 15143: 15129: 13466: 13452: 12951: 12937: 12384: 12370: 11464:Patriarchal Province of Seleucia-Ctesiphon 11402:Dioceses of the Church of the East to 1318 11357: 11343: 10710: 10696: 10646:Malankara–Persian ecclesiastical relations 10023: 10009: 9929:"The patriarchs of the Church of the East" 9882: 9861: 9579: 9076: 9056:"The Establishment of the Syriac Churches" 8399: 7767:. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers. 7379:Bibliotheca orientalis clementino-vaticana 7365:Bibliotheca orientalis clementino-vaticana 7351:Bibliotheca orientalis clementino-vaticana 7337:Bibliotheca orientalis clementino-vaticana 7254: 7230: 7206: 7170: 7158: 7143: 7131: 7119: 7104: 7049: 6974: 6962: 6879: 6877: 6856: 6841: 6829: 6805: 6763: 6751: 6457: 5759:"Eastern Christianity on the Eve of Islam" 5637: 5474: 5346: 5278: 5154: 5124: 4663: 4543: 4473: 4367:Dioceses of the Church of the East to 1318 3374:, where the Shrine of Thomas was located. 3081:, for Dailam and Gilan in Azerbaijan, for 2041:for churches in the Syriac tradition: the 1944:clergy in the three traditional orders of 1797:which its opponents term "Monophysitism" ( 1265: 1251: 853: 839: 9840: 9826:. Münster: LIT Verlag. pp. 387–395. 9674: 9562: 9545: 9397:"The Mysticism of the Church of the East" 9210: 9042: 8672:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 8385:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 8010:Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 7617:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7544:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7499: 7461:The Church of the East: A Concise History 7061: 6986: 6947: 6614: 6442: 6364:Circa 1492: Art in the Age of Exploration 6345: 5827: 5725: 5667:"An Overview of Nestorians in Inner Asia" 5638:O'Daly, Briton (Yale University) (2021). 5562: 5148: 4858: 4856: 4675: 4650:. London: Independent Press. p. 104. 3439:. The Malankara Church also produced the 2904:, who had converted to Christianity from 2445:Nestorian Christian community located in 2096:is held to have been translated from the 2003:(on the border between Turkey and Iraq), 1548:that emphasised the "distinctiveness" of 56: 13425: 13325:Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical) 12391: 9817: 9661: 9469: 9179:Christians in China before the year 1550 8742:The Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 8738:"The church of the East in central Asia" 8652:"The Syriac World in the Persian Empire" 8305:. Vienna: Pro Oriente. pp. 97–107. 7967:The Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 7889: 7868: 7510: 7408:. Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press. 7400: 7386: 7372: 7358: 7344: 7330: 6932: 6774: 6772: 5987: 5894: 5410:Journal of the American Oriental Society 4556: 4145: 3622: 3574: 3480: 3393:into full communion with Rome under the 3277: 3198: 3073:(780–823), a contemporary of the Caliph 2990: 2982: 2867: 2804: 2671: 1889:The justice of imputing Nestorianism to 1694: 14884:Fostering of early experimental science 12958: 10617:Proposals for Assyrian autonomy in Iraq 10030: 9949: 9935:. London: Routledge. pp. 799–805. 9912:. London: Routledge. pp. 189–201. 9624: 9613: 9490: 9440: 9417: 9403:. London: Routledge. pp. 355–376. 9380:. London: Routledge. pp. 175–188. 9334:The Power of Religion in Late Antiquity 9265: 9100: 9062:. London: Routledge. pp. 105–118. 9009: 8977: 8964: 8947: 8882: 8813: 8768: 8478: 7985: 7960: 7939: 7910: 7855: 7815: 7760: 7517:La Chiesa Caldea nel secolo dell'Unione 7436:. Vol. 2. London: Joseph Masters. 6874: 6868: 6715: 6703: 6691: 6679: 6255: 6132: 6120: 6108: 6084: 6060: 6048: 5664: 5403: 5329: 5243:The Spiritual World of Isaac the Syrian 5239: 5003: 4988: 4682:. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. p. 123. 4631: 3618: 3435:, soon entered into communion with the 3431:). The rest, which became known as the 3296:of 1375. The caption above the king of 2544:(reigned 399–420) to the throne of the 2011:(Erbil, Kurdistan region of Iraq), and 1820:(551−628) expounded, especially in his 1034:Divine Liturgy of Saints Addai and Mari 14: 17565: 14988:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy 10344:St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India 9803: 9779: 9638: 9590: 9511: 9394: 9336:. Farnham: Ashgate. pp. 397–409. 9151: 9137: 9123: 9038:. London: John Murray. pp. 46–56. 8837: 8735: 8658:. London: Routledge. pp. 134–145. 8649: 8626: 8606: 8547: 8513: 8420: 8378: 8367: 8319: 7838: 7478: 7426: 7422:. Vol. 1. London: Joseph Masters. 7412: 7306: 7266: 6922:, IV:1, Rome and Leipzig 2004, p. 277) 6914:Patriarcha de Mozal in Syria orientali 6592:. Assyrian Church News. Archived from 6423:International Cartographic Association 6413: 6326:International Cartographic Association 6316: 6196: 6160: 6011: 5756: 5613: 5556: 5508: 5506: 5486: 5083: 4964: 4862: 4853: 4484: 4301:Chaldean Catholic Patriarch of Babylon 3970:Chaldaeorum ecclesiae Musal Patriarcha 3547:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period 3418:responded by sending a delegations of 2707:. In 266, the area was annexed by the 2703:as early as the 1st century under the 2195:An illustrated 13th-century Nestorian 1960:. Also like other churches, it had an 1766:of 431, which condemned Nestorius for 498:St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India 17355: 16334: 15124: 13447: 12932: 12365: 11338: 10691: 10004: 9762: 9745: 9728: 9711: 9647:. London: Routledge. pp. 68–87. 9541:. Tokyo: Academy of oriental culture. 9531: 9350: 9327: 9172: 9053: 8988: 8905: 8861: 8792: 8496: 8458: 8343: 8208: 8171: 8157: 8120: 8103: 8069: 7736: 7712: 7686: 7655: 7631: 7610: 7593: 7558: 7464:. London-New York: Routledge-Curzon. 7289: 6901: 6769: 6568:. Balboa Publishers. pp. 55–57. 6561: 6096: 6072: 5660: 5658: 5656: 5625: 5512: 5457: 5358: 5305: 5266: 5215: 5136: 4952: 4940: 4738: 4726: 4714: 4702: 4202: 4114:The next Shimun Patriarch was likely 2948:, and clergy were recorded among the 2519:, discovered in Luoyang. 9th century. 2353:, from the Nestorian Peshitta Gospel. 2337:, from the Nestorian Peshitta Gospel. 1540:, the Church of the East adopted the 451:Evangelical Baptist Church of Georgia 9973: 9690: 9684:Dictionnaire de théologie catholique 9569:Journal of Eastern Christian Studies 9443:Church History and Religious Culture 9371: 9026: 8926: 8718:Nestorius: The Bazaar of Heracleides 8686: 8662: 8581: 8293: 8269: 8245: 8137: 8048: 7822:Syriac in its Multi-Cultural Context 7746:Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies 7668:Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 7500:Becchetti, Filippo Angelico (1796). 7037: 6998: 6783:(John Wiley & Sons 2011), p. 243 6739: 6727: 6667: 6615:Weerakoon, Rajitha (June 26, 2011). 6529: 6393:. BRILL. 17 June 2021. p. 176. 6310: 6184: 6172: 5975: 5963:Encyclopedia of Ancient Christianity 5906: 5874: 5781: 5582: 5522:Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 5227: 5203: 4976: 4818: 4643: 4408: 4382:Patriarchs of the Church of the East 4326:in the Assyrian Church of the East. 4057:). He also won over the governor of 2825:Meanwhile, in the Roman Empire, the 2757:Catholicos and Patriarch of the East 2441:. It was probably made in and for a 2084:of the Peshitta was translated from 1902:Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 1119:and communities stretching from the 912:, is one of three major branches of 874: 493:Society for Eastern Rite Anglicanism 475:Kosovo Protestant Evangelical Church 16360: 9980:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 9599:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 120–169. 9243:Murre van den Berg, Heleen (2005). 9220:Murre van den Berg, Heleen (2008). 9034:. In Ashbee, Charles Robert (ed.). 8775:The Mongols and the West, 1221–1410 8406:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 7963:"The church of the East since 1914" 5503: 5240:Alfeyev, Hilarion (24 March 2016). 4357:Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon (410) 3340:Patriarch of the Church of the East 3220:. Communities sprang up throughout 2559:, and other forms of Christianity. 2373:gospel manuscript preserved in the 1206:following the consecration of monk 39:Church of the East (disambiguation) 24: 9810:The Assyrians and Their Neighbours 9741:: 3–36, 161–194, 325–358, 481–498. 9323:. Philadelphia: Westminster Press. 8492:] (in Russian). Москва: Наука. 8299:"The Spread of the Persian Church" 7913:The Journal of Theological Studies 5677:(1/2). Wiesbaden, Germany: 60–68. 5653: 5043:The Eastern Catholic Churches 2017 4281:Consolidation of patriarchal lines 3180:of the Abbasid Caliphs were often 1748:and the human Jesus, and proposed 1726:, most notably Nestorius's mentor 1478:, preceded by seven years the 431 25: 17589: 16392:Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora 10622:Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora 10293:Malabar Independent Syrian Church 9996: 9426:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 77–89. 9199:Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies 8693:. Toronto: Anglican Book Centre. 8616:Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies 7871:Revue de l'histoire des religions 6299:from the original on 3 April 2010 5591:Christianity in the T'ang Dynasty 4869:. Dalcassian Publishing Company. 3856: 3700:, the Turco-Mongol leader of the 3282:The Christian "King of Colombo" ( 3250:liturgy of the Church of the East 3038:presence there, and they entered 2231:surrounded by four angels. Three 2092:are found in the Syriac, and the 1933:of the East. Later, the title of 1626:. The Muslim Turco-Mongol leader 1583:stretching from its heartland in 444:Believers Eastern Church of India 17383: 17334: 17322: 17279:Assyrian Democratic Organisation 16432: 16421: 16410: 16315: 16314: 16303: 15431:State church of the Roman Empire 15150: 13353:State church of the Roman Empire 12547: 12346: 11420: 11319: 10670: 10287:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church 10281:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church 9317:Outerbridge, Leonard M. (1952). 9016:Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 8933:. Carlisle: Langham Publishing. 8912:. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers. 8400:Frykenberg, Robert Eric (2008). 7433:The Nestorians and Their Rituals 7419:The Nestorians and Their Rituals 7272: 6907: 6631: 6608: 6582: 6562:Pinto, Leonard (July 14, 2015). 6490: 6407: 6381: 6354: 6285: 6274: 6262:A Corner of Tenth-Century Europe 6256:Jarrett, Jonathan (2019-06-24). 6249: 6237: 6037:The Penguin Dictionary of Saints 5828:Rouwhorst, Gerard (March 1997). 5704:Krausmuller, Dirk (2015-11-16). 5447:(Walter de Gruyter 2013), p. 704 5371:Joost Jongerden, Jelle Verheij, 4195:, and the junior Shimun line in 4169:The next two Shimun Patriarchs, 3972:). He was consecrated bishop in 3352:Ecclesiastical Province of India 3305: 3287: 2975:officially converted in c. 592. 2853:was closed by Byzantine Emperor 2800:Council of Markabta of the Arabs 2524: 2508: 2488: 2454: 2430: 2418: 2398: 2382: 2358: 2342: 2318: 2294: 2275: 2257: 2223:Bibliothèque nationale de France 2067:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church 1762:, who had a leading part in the 1550:the divine and the human natures 1494:. Two of the generally accepted 1232: 1014:state church of the Roman Empire 308: 232:Apostolic Age, by its tradition 154:Catholicos-Patriarch of the East 66: 15414:First seven ecumenical councils 13184:First seven ecumenical councils 13048:First seven ecumenical councils 12968:First seven ecumenical councils 12703:Christianization of Kievan Rus' 12495:Independent Churches/Communions 11683:Beth Tabyathe and the Kartawaye 11308:Shemʿon VII Ishoʿyahb (1539–58) 9868:. Louvain: Peeters Publishers. 9620:. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark. 9552:Orientalia Christiana Periodica 8669:Islamic Science and Engineering 8438:; Hainthaler, Theresia (2013). 8371:The Church of the T'ang Dynasty 8167:. Louvain: Secretariat du CSCO. 8110:Orientalia Christiana Periodica 8075:Marco Polo y la Ruta de la Seda 7890:Chaumont, Marie-Louise (1988). 7052:, p. 22, 42 194, 260, 355. 6645:. 22 April 2011. Archived from 6218: 6190: 6133:Tillier, Mathieu (2019-11-08), 6126: 6029: 5951: 5884:. Louvain: Secretariat du CSCO. 5868: 5821: 5775: 5750: 5697: 5640:"An Israel of the Seven Rivers" 5631: 5576: 5492: 5436: 5397: 5379: 5364: 5233: 5077: 5059: 5036: 4997: 4982: 4916: 4898: 4883: 4457:§ Description as Nestorian 4428: 3788:and the northwestern fringe of 3350:organised the community as the 2978: 2481:. Semirechye, 9th–10th century. 2190:Library Cave of the Mogao Caves 1504:First Council of Constantinople 931:(which came to be known as the 17547:Cities and towns by population 16945:Genocide of Christians by ISIL 16808:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia 16281:Relations with other religions 15687:Church of the East (Nestorian) 15682:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite) 14847:Separation of church and state 14516:Formal and material principles 14501:Separation of church and state 12727:Moscow–Constantinople schisms 10612:Assyrian independence movement 10262:Syro-Malankara Catholic Church 9718:Analecta Ordinis Praedicatorum 9664:Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 9563:Seleznyov, Nikolai N. (2010). 9546:Seleznyov, Nikolai N. (2008). 8984:. Einsiedeln: Benziger Verlag. 8778:. London-New York: Routledge. 7851:. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. 4928:* Greatrex–Lieu (2002), II, 77 4913:* Greatrex–Lieu (2002), II, 62 4895:* Greatrex–Lieu (2002), II, 62 4795:Orientalia Christiana Analecta 4754:Paul, J.; Pallath, P. (1996). 4669: 4637: 4579: 4352:Christianity in Eastern Arabia 3571:Christianity among the Mongols 3441:Syro-Malankara Catholic Church 3030:). They made some advances in 3007:in 644, the newly established 3003:After the Sasanian Empire was 2683:church located in the city of 2301:Feast of the Discovery of the 2182:painting of a Christian figure 2134: 2075:Syro-Malankara Catholic Church 1770:and deposed him as Patriarch. 1636:Saint Thomas Syrian Christians 1565:Saint Thomas Syrian Christians 1189:Saint Thomas Syrian Christians 1133:Saint Thomas Syrian Christians 13: 1: 16689:Ancient Mesopotamian religion 14511:Hymnody of continental Europe 13662:Apostles in the New Testament 9841:Wilkinson, Robert J. (2007). 9813:. London: G. Bell & Sons. 9763:Vosté, Jacques Marie (1931). 9746:Vosté, Jacques Marie (1930). 9729:Vosté, Jacques Marie (1928). 9712:Vosté, Jacques Marie (1925). 9697:. London: Independent Press. 9586:. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. 9372:Penn, Michael Philip (2019). 9101:Moffett, Samuel Hugh (1999). 9046:The New Catholic Encyclopedia 8585:Das orientalische Christentum 8255:. London: Variorum Reprints. 5757:Khoury, George (1997-01-22). 5194:. Retrieved 11 November 2018. 5178:. Retrieved January 28, 2010. 4993:. HarperCollins. p. 219. 4485:Wilken, Robert Louis (2013). 3667: 3310:) on the coast belong to the 2916:, with minor presence in the 2668:Parthian and Sasanian periods 2610:Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon 2515:Detail of the rubbing of the 2495:Detail of the rubbing of the 2203:from northern Mesopotamia or 2022: 1923:Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon 1911:Fellow of the British Academy 1530:), all of which were for it " 1225: 1173:division of the Mongol Empire 1010:Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon 460:Evangelical Church of Romania 17552:Provinces by life expectancy 17299:Syriac Union Party (Lebanon) 17274:Assyrian Democratic Movement 12877:Essence–energies distinction 12698:Christianization of Bulgaria 12260:Erbil (Chaldean archeparchy) 12132:Tus and Abrashahr (Nishapur) 10813:Shemʿon Bar Sabbaʿe (329–41) 9818:Williams, Daniel H. (2013). 9639:Taylor, David G. K. (2019). 9147:. Trichur: Mar Narsai Press. 9133:. Trichur: Mar Narsai Press. 9027:Luke, Harry Charles (1924). 8889:The Orthodox Christian World 8823:. San Francisco: HarperOne. 8563:(2): 305–327. Archived from 8529:(1): 121–143. Archived from 8379:Frazee, Charles A. (2006) . 8227:(2): 357–384. Archived from 8190:(1): 123–153. Archived from 7858:"Nestorius and Nestorianism" 7761:Burgess, Stanley M. (1989). 7300:General and cited references 7185:, p. 114, 118, 174-175. 5922:Cross & Livingstone 2005 4676:Broadhead, Edwin K. (2010). 4466: 4387:Schism of the Three Chapters 3446: 3429:Syro-Malabar Catholic Church 3370:, or (perhaps nominally) in 3194: 2973:al-Nu'man III ibn al-Mundhir 2071:Syro-Malabar Catholic Church 1878: 1868: 1844: 1830: 1824:, what became the normative 894:Church of Seleucia-Ctesiphon 882: 32:Nestorian Church (Famagusta) 7: 17284:Assyrian Universal Alliance 16510:Assyrian Church of the East 16485:Assyrian Pentecostal Church 16479:Assyrian Evangelical Church 16402:Terms for Syriac Christians 15988:Views on poverty and wealth 13959:Eastern Orthodox opposition 12681:Antiochian Greek Christians 12579:Christianization of Georgia 12574:Christianization of Armenia 12481:Assyrian Church of the East 12255:Erbil (East Syriac diocese) 12236: 12226: 12154: 12143: 12088: 12032: 11956: 11915: 11619: 11384:Assyrian Church of the East 11378:Hierarchy divided into the 10935: 10629:Terms for Syriac Christians 10446:Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa 10305:Assyrian Church of the East 10203:Assyrian Pentecostal Church 10197:Assyrian Evangelical Church 10167:Assyrian Church of the East 9927:Wilmshurst, David (2019b). 9904:Wilmshurst, David (2019a). 9593:"Die Nestorianische Kirche" 9580:Silverberg, Robert (1972). 9418:Reinink, Gerrit J. (1995). 8883:Kitchen, Robert A. (2012). 8721:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 8459:Gulik, Wilhelm van (1904). 8279:. Beirut: Orient-Institut. 8031:Culture and customs of Iran 7946:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 7816:Carlson, Thomas A. (2017). 7485:. London-New York: Tauris. 6295:. Nasrani.net. 2007-02-16. 5443:Albrecht Classen (editor), 4989:Moffett, Samuel H. (1992). 4329: 4316:Assyrian Church of the East 4291:Assyrian Church of the East 4248: 4068: 4059: 4045: 4039: 4003:Assyrian Church of the East 3996: 3990: 3962:Divina Disponente Clementia 3914: 3908: 3898: 3892: 3884: 3878: 3869: 3848:Assyrian Church of the East 3524: 3473:Church of the East in China 2956:, Media, and the island of 2660:. The Catholicos-Patriarch 2564:Synod of Seleucia-Ctesiphon 2517:Nestorian pillar of Luoyang 2497:Nestorian pillar of Luoyang 2437:Anikova Plate, showing the 2051:Assyrian Church of the East 1720:Patriarch of Constantinople 1671:Assyrian Church of the East 1379:Assyrian Church of the East 1343:(Eastern Catholic Churches) 971:Assyrian Church of the East 470:Evangelical Orthodox Church 439:Assyrian Pentecostal Church 434:Assyrian Evangelical Church 429:Armenian Evangelical Church 269:Assyrian Church of the East 10: 17594: 17294:Syriac Union Party (Syria) 16516:Ancient Church of the East 16233:World Evangelical Alliance 16195:Traditionalist Catholicism 13976:Art patronage of Julius II 12731:15th–16th centuries schism 12655:Oriental Orthodox Churches 12486:Ancient Church of the East 12471:Oriental Orthodox Churches 12179:dioceses from 1318 to 1552 11226:Yahballaha III (1281–1317) 10173:Ancient Church of the East 9883:Wilmshurst, David (2011). 9862:Wilmshurst, David (2000). 9497:. Kodansha International. 9470:Roberson, Ronald (1999) . 9395:Pirtea, Adrian C. (2019). 9351:Payne, Richard E. (2015). 9328:Payne, Richard E. (2009). 9320:The Lost Churches of China 9290:O'Mahony, Anthony (2006). 9188:Murre van den Berg, Heleen 9010:Lemmens, Leonhard (1926). 8627:Hauser, Stefan R. (2019). 8127:Cristianesimo Nella Storia 7986:Coakley, James F. (2001). 7961:Coakley, James F. (1996). 7940:Coakley, James F. (1992). 7577:10.31826/9781463216153-004 7479:Baumer, Christoph (2006). 7316:. Amherst: Cambria Press. 6918:Anton Baumstark (editor), 6888:CUA Press 2017), pp. 35−36 6444:10.5194/ica-proc-1-69-2018 6347:10.5194/ica-proc-1-69-2018 6024:Burgess & Mercier 1999 4863:Curtin, D. P. (May 2021). 4337:Ancient Church of the East 4284: 4158:The next Eliya Patriarch, 4076:The Eliya and Shimun lines 3860: 3828: 3676: 3611:, the Mongol ruler of the 3568: 3470: 3267: 2711:(becoming the province of 2528: 2055:Ancient Church of the East 2026: 1917:Organisation and structure 1684: 1675:Ancient Church of the East 1386:Ancient Church of the East 1357:Oriental Orthodox Churches 975:Ancient Church of the East 946:Having its origins in the 933:Oriental Orthodox Churches 502:St. Valentine's Fellowship 489:Russian Evangelical Church 273:Ancient Church of the East 36: 29: 17534: 17486: 17396: 17317: 17264: 17135: 16967: 16958: 16871: 16800: 16707: 16648: 16631: 16588: 16529: 16494: 16457: 16446: 16408: 16379: 16368: 16298: 16248: 16228:World Council of Churches 16203: 16121: 16005: 15996: 15951: 15736: 15720: 15715:Latter Day Saint movement 15700: 15660: 15560: 15541: 15487: 15444: 15389: 15295: 15274: 15233: 15201: 15158: 15068: 14903: 14822: 14751: 14686: 14608: 14539: 14479:Calvinist–Arminian debate 14453: 14220: 14103: 13939: 13830: 13712: 13610: 13499: 13481: 13419: 13401:Conference of Addis Ababa 13316: 13269: 13214: 13169: 13035: 12966: 12890: 12794: 12753: 12564: 12545: 12525: 12494: 12476:Eastern Catholic Churches 12456: 12445: 12399: 12343: 12171: 11608:Ardashir Khurrah (Shiraf) 11560: 11472: 11429: 11418: 11394: 11376: 11316: 11201:Yahballaha II (1190–1222) 11193: 11033: 10841: 10748: 10729: 10659: 10581: 10514: 10363: 10323: 10302: 10271: 10231:(active 1st century–1601) 10216: 10182: 10157: 10134: 10101: 10078: 10053: 10038: 9583:The Realm of Prester John 9054:Menze, Volker L. (2019). 8989:Lange, Christian (2012). 8971:The Catholic Encyclopedia 8927:Kuhn, Michael F. (2019). 8906:Klein, Wassilios (2000). 8687:Hill, Henry, ed. (1988). 8650:Herman, Geoffrey (2019). 8430:. Roma: Ermanno Loescher. 7862:The Catholic Encyclopedia 7752:(2): 8–34. Archived from 7594:Bevan, George A. (2013). 7559:Bevan, George A. (2009). 7374:Assemani, Giuseppe Simone 7360:Assemani, Giuseppe Simone 7346:Assemani, Giuseppe Simone 7332:Assemani, Giuseppe Simone 6504:. Encyclopædia Britannica 6414:Liščák, Vladimír (2017). 6367:. Yale University Press. 6317:Liščák, Vladimír (2017). 5727:10.1163/18177565-00111p21 5570:"The Shadow of Nestorius" 5404:Oussani, Gabriel (1901). 5004:Winkler, Dietmar (2009). 4423:Chalcedonian dyophysitism 3934:, the former superior of 3565:Mongolia and Central Asia 3187:such as the long serving 3005:conquered by Muslim Arabs 2461:The Grigorovskoye Plate: 2221: 2168: 1986:Province of the Patriarch 1976:under the authority of a 1812:Drawing inspiration from 1805:, influenced by his wife 1202:The Church faced a major 1097:Muslim conquest of Persia 995:Eastern Catholic churches 927:centuries, alongside the 809:Index of related articles 796:Eastern Christian history 506:Ukrainian Lutheran Church 279: 255: 245: 228: 213: 197: 191:Liturgy of Addai and Mari 181: 159: 149: 137: 117: 107: 97: 65: 53: 48: 17478:Demographics of Istanbul 16814:Muslim conquest of Syria 16504:Chaldean Catholic Church 16256:Anti-Christian sentiment 15436:Christian biblical canon 14968:Christian existentialism 13218:Oriental Orthodox Church 11380:Chaldean Catholic Church 11240:Denha II (1336/7–1381/2) 10486:Dionysius of Vattasseril 10350:Believers Eastern Church 10144:Chaldean Catholic Church 9847:. Leiden-Boston: Brill. 9691:Vine, Aubrey R. (1937). 9591:Spuler, Bertold (1961). 9491:Rossabi, Morris (1992). 9455:10.1163/187124109X407916 9212:10.31826/hug-2010-020119 8978:Lampart, Albert (1966). 8965:Labourt, Jérôme (1909). 8948:Labourt, Jérôme (1908). 7402:Assemani, Giuseppe Luigi 7388:Assemani, Giuseppe Luigi 7245:, p. 118, 120, 175. 5393:(Heinemann 1911), p. 281 4644:Vine, Aubrey R. (1937). 4438:of 431 and the ensuing " 4347:Chaldean Catholic Church 4287:Chaldean Catholic Church 4152:Rabban Hormizd Monastery 4142:Two Nestorian patriarchs 4101:Rabban Hormizd Monastery 4066:, who invited Sulaqa to 3976:on 9 April. On 28 April 3936:Rabban Hormizd Monastery 3852:Chaldean Catholic Church 3712:". Thus, except for the 3534:) and Gabriel of Sarag ( 3509:in 635, in the reign of 3466: 3405:in 1599, they installed 3263: 2689:West Azerbaijan Province 2283:Mogao Christian painting 2059:Chaldean Catholic Church 2007:(Basra, southern Iraq), 1681:Description as Nestorian 1659:Chaldean Catholic Church 1571:in Central Asia, and in 979:Chaldean Catholic Church 581:Eastern Catholic liturgy 518:Eastern liturgical rites 265:Chaldean Catholic Church 17542:Provinces by population 17341:Christianity portal 17304:Syriac Military Council 16903:Massacres of Diyarbekir 16838:Principality of Antioch 16791:Byzantine–Sasanian wars 16598:Assyrian folk/pop music 16310:Christianity portal 15469:Investiture Controversy 13475:History of Christianity 13393:Synod of Constantinople 13174:Eastern Orthodox Church 12713:Eastern Orthodox Church 12667:Saint Thomas Christians 12466:Eastern Orthodox Church 12353:Christianity portal 11568:Abiward and Shahr Piroz 11326:Christianity portal 11175:ʿAbdishoʿ III (1139–48) 11150:Sabrishoʿ III (1064–72) 10677:Christianity portal 10431:Mar Sabor and Mar Proth 10338:Mar Thoma Syrian Church 10218:Saint Thomas Christians 8876:10.3406/rebyz.1935.2817 8799:. Münster: LIT Verlag. 8793:Jakob, Joachim (2014). 8582:Hage, Wolfgang (2007). 8548:Habbi, Joseph (1971b). 8514:Habbi, Joseph (1971a). 8480:Гумилёв, Лев Николаевич 8121:Ebeid, Bishara (2017). 8104:Ebeid, Bishara (2016). 7641:. Aldershot: Variorum. 7536:Bethune-Baker, James F. 7257:, p. 316-319, 356. 7243:Baum & Winkler 2003 7219:Baum & Winkler 2003 7195:Murre van den Berg 1999 7183:Baum & Winkler 2003 7093:Baum & Winkler 2003 7081:Murre van den Berg 1999 7023:Baum & Winkler 2003 7011:Murre van den Berg 1999 6818:Baum & Winkler 2003 6794:Baum & Winkler 2003 6485:Baum & Winkler 2003 6473:Baum & Winkler 2003 6460:, p. 102–107, 115. 6000:Daniel & Mahdi 2006 5960:, "Papa bar Aggai", in 5946:Baum & Winkler 2003 5671:Central Asiatic Journal 5665:Houston, G. W. (1980). 5583:Kung, Tien Min (1960). 5294:Baum & Winkler 2003 5192:Encyclopædia Britannica 5176:Encyclopædia Britannica 5113:Baum & Winkler 2003 5031:Baum & Winkler 2003 4848:Baum & Winkler 2003 4836:Baum & Winkler 2003 4781:Baum & Winkler 2003 4620:Baum & Winkler 2003 3803:Giovanni de' Marignolli 3714:Saint Thomas Christians 3511:Emperor Taizong of Tang 3391:Saint Thomas Christians 3270:Saint Thomas Christians 3234:Saint Thomas Christians 3028:Saint Thomas Christians 2622:Chalcedonian definition 2606:First Council of Nicaea 2325:An angel announces the 2209:State Library of Berlin 2199:Gospel book written in 2113:Second Epistle of Peter 1760:Patriarch of Alexandria 1736:(literally, "Bearer of 1714:. It was attributed to 1500:First Council of Nicaea 1498:were held earlier: the 1350:Eastern Orthodox Church 1240:denominational families 1018:Catholicose of the East 941:Eastern Orthodox Church 480:Mar Thoma Syrian Church 17390:Demographics of Turkey 17059:Al-Hasakah Governorate 16897:Massacres of Badr Khan 16671:Middle Assyrian Empire 16473:Syriac Catholic Church 16467:Syriac Orthodox Church 16261:Christian universalism 15652:Western Rite Orthodoxy 15497:Protestant Reformation 15036:Fourth Great Awakening 14923:Second Great Awakening 14162:Fall of Constantinople 13954:Development of primacy 12512:True Orthodox churches 12507:Spiritual Christianity 11160:Makkikha I (1092–1110) 11155:ʿAbdishoʿ II (1074–90) 11145:Yohannan VII (1049–57) 10964:Ishoʿyahb III (649–59) 10471:Ignatius Andrew Akijan 10456:Gregorios Abdal Jaleel 10314:Chaldean Syrian Church 10088:Syriac Orthodox Church 10069:Syriac Catholic Church 9805:Wigram, William Ainger 9781:Wigram, William Ainger 9694:The Nestorian Churches 9680:"L'Église nestorienne" 9614:Stewart, John (1928). 9512:Rücker, Adolf (1920). 9152:Morgan, David (1986). 8885:"The Syriac Tradition" 8736:Hunter, Erica (1996). 8497:Habbi, Joseph (1966). 8353:. Palgrave Macmillan. 7925:10.1093/jts/XXIX.2.392 7856:Chapman, John (1911). 7796:10.1484/J.ABOL.4.01773 7722:. Aldershot: Ashgate. 6781:Christianities in Asia 6530:Neil, Stephen (1984). 5386:Gertrude Lowthian Bell 5010:. LIT Verlag Münster. 4647:The Nestorian Churches 4402:Syriac Orthodox Church 4173:(1638–1656) and 4155: 3658:accounts indicate. At 3640: 3580: 3543:Emperor Wuzong of Tang 3490: 3437:Syriac Orthodox Church 3425:Syrian Catholic Church 3399:Latin liturgical rites 3320:Saint Thomas Christian 3315: 3258:Syriac Orthodox Church 3204: 3000: 2988: 2881: 2843:Theodore of Mopsuestia 2822: 2696: 2365:Illustration from the 2327:resurrection of Christ 2238:The Book of Protection 2117:Second Epistle of John 2047:Syrian Catholic Church 2043:Syriac Orthodox Church 1814:Theodore of Mopsuestia 1728:Theodore of Mopsuestia 1700: 1546:Theodore of Mopsuestia 1490:, can be described as 1392:Protestant Reformation 1105:Christian denomination 398:Independent communions 127:Theodore of Mopsuestia 121:East Syriac theology: 74:Monastery of Mar Eliya 18:Nestorian Christianity 16927:Independence movement 16683:Post-imperial Assyria 16659:Early Assyrian period 15919:Anointing of the Sick 15031:Reformed epistemology 14973:Third Great Awakening 14943:Seventh-day Adventist 14864:First Great Awakening 14737:Book of Common Prayer 14531:Protestant work ethic 14074:Independent Catholics 14025:Monastery dissolution 12535:Eastern Protestantism 12408:that developed since 11954:Niffar, Nil and al-Nu 11783:Harran and Callinicus 11473:Exterior metropolitan 11430:Interior metropolitan 11293:Shemʿon V (1497–1502) 11216:Makkikha II (1257–65) 11211:Sabrishoʿ V (1226–56) 11206:Sabrishoʿ IV (1222–5) 11180:Ishoʿyahb V (1149–75) 11135:Ishoʿyahb IV (1020–5) 11130:Yohannan VI (1012–20) 11041:Ishoʿ bar Nun (823–8) 11018:Hnanishoʿ II (773–80) 10954:Ishoʿyahb II (628–45) 10944:Sabrishoʿ I (596–604) 10859:Yahballaha I (415–20) 9974:Wood, Philip (2013). 9130:The Nestorian Fathers 8607:Harrak, Amir (2003). 8368:Foster, John (1939). 7883:10.3406/rhr.1964.8015 7840:Chabot, Jean-Baptiste 7506:. Vol. 10. Roma. 6197:Brague, Rémi (2009). 5084:Rassam, Suha (2005). 4503:Yale University Press 4149: 4037:). For his part, Shem 3772:, and Arbela (modern 3626: 3578: 3484: 3477:Christianity in China 3281: 3208:present-day northern 3202: 3034:, despite the strong 2994: 2986: 2871: 2808: 2743:(310–329), bishop of 2675: 2570:(leader). Catholicos 2121:Third Epistle of John 1884:Chalcedonian churches 1848:(from Greek πρόσωπον 1742:Mary, mother of Jesus 1698: 1591:and as far afield as 1488:Mary, mother of Jesus 1476:Patriarch of the East 1147:in Central Asia, and 1123:and today's Iraq and 1020:seated originally in 686:Eastern Protestantism 422:Eastern Protestantism 319:Mainstream communions 129:(wrongly referred as 16603:Music of Mesopotamia 16550:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 16545:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 16240:Nondenominationalism 16113:Role in civilization 15580:Independent Catholic 15522:Relations with Islam 15502:Catholic Reformation 14854:Edicts of toleration 14663:Three Forms of Unity 14428:Bohemian Reformation 14001:Catholic Reformation 13858:Roman state religion 13677:Council of Jerusalem 13409:Pan-Orthodox Council 12660:Council of Chalcedon 12406:Christian traditions 12393:Eastern Christianity 12081:Shenna d'Beth Ramman 11663:Beth Mazunaye (Oman) 11527:Kashgar and Nevaketh 11487:Beth Tuptaye (Tibet) 11303:Shemʿon VI (1504–38) 11125:Yohannan V (1000–11) 11115:ʿAbdishoʿ I (963–86) 11100:Abraham III (906–37) 11095:Yohannan IV (900–05) 11090:Yohannan III (893–9) 11085:Yohannan II (884–91) 11051:Sabrishoʿ II (831–5) 11046:Giwargis II (828–31) 10979:Hnanishoʿ I (686–98) 10602:Assyrian nationalism 10547:Koy Sanjaq Christian 10532:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 10522:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 10436:Dionysius bar Salibi 10411:Philoxenus of Mabbug 10264:(West Syriac) (1932) 10258:(East Syriac) (1665) 9533:Saeki, Peter Yoshiro 8754:10.7227/BJRL.78.3.10 7979:10.7227/BJRL.78.3.14 7896:. Louvain: Peeters. 7784:Analecta Bollandiana 7611:Binns, John (2002). 7428:Badger, George Percy 7414:Badger, George Percy 7382:. Vol. 3. Roma. 7368:. Vol. 3. Roma. 7354:. Vol. 2. Roma. 7340:. Vol. 1. Roma. 5834:Vigiliae Christianae 5647:Sino-Platonic Papers 5534:10.7227/BJRL.78.3.11 5246:. Liturgical Press. 4904:Joshua the Stylite, 4562:"Church of the East" 4560:; Coakley, James F. 4505:. pp. 222–228. 4260:(XII) died in 1778, 3974:St. Peter's Basilica 3821:with the xenophobic 3809:, the chief city of 3619:Jerusalem and Cyprus 3150:Jabril ibn Bukhtishu 2618:Council of Chalcedon 2587:Eastern Roman Empire 2407:Entry into Jerusalem 2405:Drawing of a rider ( 2367:Nestorian Evangelion 2217:Nestorian Evangelion 1779:Council of Chalcedon 1420:Council of Chalcedon 1286:Eastern Christianity 1277:Western Christianity 1101:Christianity in Asia 1091:community under the 1078:at the Synod of Mar 1076:Council of Chalcedon 917:Eastern Christianity 814:Western Christianity 302:Eastern Christianity 37:For other uses, see 16909:Rise of nationalism 16850:Jalayirid Sultanate 16677:Neo-Assyrian Empire 16665:Old Assyrian period 16608:Syriac sacral music 16428:Aramean-Syriac flag 16387:Assyrian continuity 16286:Unlimited atonement 16271:Cultural Christians 15710:Jehovah's Witnesses 15332:Sermon on the Mount 15261:Christian tradition 15188:Lists of Christians 15026:Liberation theology 14933:Jehovah's Witnesses 14766:Radical Reformation 14494:Resistance theories 14381:Christian mysticism 14376:Early Scholasticism 14088:Ecclesial community 13986:Counter-Reformation 13851:Constantinian shift 13306:Synod of Beth Lapat 12960:Ecumenical councils 12436:, and parts of the 12184:dioceses after 1552 11908:Mashmahig (Bahrain) 11698:Bih Shabur (Kazrun) 11628:Badisi and Qadistan 11482:Beth Sinaye (China) 11284:Shemʿon IV Basidi ( 11194:13th–16th centuries 11185:Eliya III (1176–90) 11105:Emmanuel I (937–60) 11056:Abraham II (837–50) 11023:Timothy I (780–823) 10993:Sliba-zkha (714–28) 10969:Giwargis I (661–80) 10823:Barbaʿshmin (343–6) 10651:Syriac sacral music 10506:Baselios Paulose II 10491:Geevarghese Ivanios 10451:Abraham of Angamaly 10256:Syro-Malabar Church 10032:Syriac Christianity 9951:Winkler, Dietmar W. 9158:. Basil Blackwell. 8034:. Greenwood Press. 7738:Brock, Sebastian P. 7714:Brock, Sebastian P. 7688:Brock, Sebastian P. 7680:10.7227/BJRL.78.3.3 7657:Brock, Sebastian P. 7633:Brock, Sebastian P. 7456:Winkler, Dietmar W. 7221:, p. 119, 174. 7025:, p. 116, 174. 6435:2018PrICA...1...69L 6338:2018PrICA...1...69L 5513:Parry, Ken (1996). 5375:(BRILL 2012), p. 21 5054:Annuario Pontificio 4421:Distinguished from 4397:Syriac Christianity 4392:Synod of Beth Lapat 4308:Shimun XVI Yohannan 4215:. The bishopric of 4009:five-month stay in 3666:was built for them 3356:metropolitan bishop 3146:Patriarch Eutychius 2839:Synod of Beth Lapat 2770:(339–79), from the 2449:. 9th–10th century. 2309:, preserved in the 2207:, currently in the 2172:), Latin bishop of 2013:Karka de Beth Slokh 1978:metropolitan bishop 1783:Synod of Beth Lapat 1651:early modern period 1644:Indian subcontinent 1542:dyophysite doctrine 1496:ecumenical councils 987:Syro-Malabar Church 965:gave rise to rival 959:early modern period 937:Chalcedonian Church 929:Miaphisite churches 827:Christianity portal 781:Christian mysticism 594:Major controversies 370:Eastern Catholicism 250:Nicene Christianity 220:by sacred tradition 123:dyophysite doctrine 112:Syriac Christianity 17573:Church of the East 17329:History portal 16771:Church of the East 16560:Bohtan Neo-Aramaic 16397:Chaldean Catholics 16131:Crusading movement 15399:Ante-Nicene period 15100:Oriental Orthodoxy 14743:King James Version 14555:Ninety-five Theses 14351:Apostolic Brethren 14125:Church of the East 14120:Oriental Orthodoxy 13966:Crusading movement 13486:Early Christianity 13385:Synod of Jerusalem 13298:Seleucia-Ctesiphon 13273:Church of the East 13017:Constantinople III 12633:Church of the East 12603:Ecumenical council 12554:Christ Pantocrator 12410:Early Christianity 12172:Post-1318 dioceses 12061:Seleucia-Ctesiphon 11843:Karka d'Beth Slokh 11522:Islands of the Sea 11370:Church of the East 11170:Bar Sawma (1134–6) 11165:Eliya II (1111–32) 11071:Israel of Kashkar 11061:Theodosius (853–8) 11034:9th–12th centuries 11013:Yaʿqob II (753–73) 10974:Yohannan I (680–3) 10723:Church of the East 10527:Bohtan Neo-Aramaic 10466:Abraham Koorilos I 10396:Severus of Antioch 10329:Eastern Protestant 10188:Eastern Protestant 10116:"Nestorian Church" 10110:Church of the East 9521:Oriens Christianus 9144:Nestorian Missions 8713:Driver, Godfrey R. 8557:Parole de l'Orient 8523:Parole de l'Orient 8509:: 99–132, 199–230. 8468:Oriens Christianus 8326:The Church in Iraq 8295:Fiey, Jean Maurice 8271:Fiey, Jean Maurice 8247:Fiey, Jean Maurice 8221:Parole de l'Orient 8214:"Médie chrétienne" 8210:Fiey, Jean Maurice 8184:Parole de l'Orient 8173:Fiey, Jean Maurice 8159:Fiey, Jean Maurice 8139:Fiey, Jean Maurice 8071:Drège, Jean-Pierre 7512:Beltrami, Giuseppe 7292:, p. 100-101. 7209:, p. 24, 352. 7197:, p. 235-264. 7173:, p. 25, 316. 7083:, p. 252-253. 7013:, p. 243-244. 6989:, p. 261-263. 6920:Oriens Christianus 6886:The Church in Iraq 6808:, p. 345-347. 6670:, p. 149-162. 6498:"Synod of Diamper" 6231:2013-09-27 at the 6187:, p. 4-5, 12. 6051:, p. 110–133. 5876:Fiey, Jean Maurice 5864:– via JSTOR. 5628:, p. 43, 187. 5391:Amurath to Amurath 5318:Bethune-Baker 1908 5308:, p. 398-399. 5218:, p. 286−287. 5151:, p. 165–190. 5048:2018-10-24 at the 4850:, p. 112-123. 4666:, p. 287-289. 4558:Brock, Sebastian P 4436:Council of Ephesus 4203:The Josephite line 4189:Shimun XIII Dinkha 4175:Shimun XII Yoalaha 4166:(IX) (1617–1660). 4156: 3764:to the north, and 3641: 3581: 3491: 3461:Anuradhapura Cross 3416:Pope Alexander VII 3414:of 1653. In 1661, 3328:Thomas the Apostle 3316: 3216:and south eastern 3205: 3114:Greek philosophers 3110:Abbasid Caliphates 3009:Rashidun Caliphate 3001: 2989: 2882: 2823: 2776:Simeon bar Sabba'e 2737:Thomas the Apostle 2729:Thaddeus of Edessa 2697: 2629:Council of Ephesus 2250:Seleucia-Ctesiphon 2129:Book of Revelation 1993:Seleucia-Ctesiphon 1964:: organisation by 1795:Oriental Orthodoxy 1764:Council of Ephesus 1701: 1669:, the independent 1486:and declared that 1482:, which condemned 1480:Council of Ephesus 1431:Early Christianity 1412:Council of Ephesus 1364:Church of the East 1093:Rashidun Caliphate 1053:Council of Ephesus 1047:with those in the 1030:Thomas the Apostle 1022:Seleucia-Ctesiphon 892:, also called the 890:East Syriac Church 867:Church of the East 375:Church of the East 330:Oriental Orthodoxy 223:Thomas the Apostle 202:Seleucia-Ctesiphon 49:Church of the East 17560: 17559: 17349: 17348: 17260: 17259: 16976: 16954: 16953: 16921:Assyrian genocide 16820:Abbasid Caliphate 16642: 16525: 16524: 16328: 16327: 16294: 16293: 16222:Charta Oecumenica 15732: 15731: 15722:Iglesia ni Cristo 15537: 15536: 15517:French Revolution 15507:Thirty Years' War 15379:Apostolic fathers 15347:Great Commandment 15118: 15117: 15095:Eastern Orthodoxy 14963:Finnish Awakening 14918:Holiness movement 14859:Congregationalism 14818: 14817: 14678:Metrical psalters 14115:Eastern Orthodoxy 14059:Neo-Scholasticism 13766:Canon development 13667:Jewish Christians 13441: 13440: 13369:Quinisext Council 13270:Recognized by the 13215:Recognized by the 13192:Constantinople IV 13170:Recognized by the 13055:Constantinople IV 13037:Recognized by the 13009:Constantinople II 12926: 12925: 12898:Sign of the cross 12708:Turkic Christians 12543: 12542: 12359: 12358: 12188: 12000:Qasr and Nahrawan 11475:provinces to 1318 11432:provinces to 1318 11332: 11331: 11231:Timothy II (1318– 11221:Denha I (1265–81) 11140:Eliya I (1028–49) 10874:Dadishoʿ (421–56) 10842:5th–8th centuries 10794:Ahadabui (204–20) 10749:1st–4th centuries 10685: 10684: 10607:Assyrian homeland 10595:Assyrian genocide 10371:Ephrem the Syrian 10359: 10358: 10273:Oriental Orthodox 10212: 10211: 10097: 10096: 10080:Oriental Orthodox 10046:Church of Antioch 9676:Tisserant, Eugène 9093:978-0-88-141056-3 8954:Journal Asiatique 8847:. Leiden: Brill. 8590:Kohlhammer Verlag 8436:Grillmeier, Aloys 8088:978-84-0360-187-1 8079:Aguilar Universal 7600:Studia Patristica 6904:, p. 99-132. 6884:Fernando Filoni, 6400:978-90-04-44603-8 6374:978-0-300-05167-4 6148:979-10-351-0102-2 5806:978-0-385-51284-8 5616:, p. 75, 94. 5320:, p. 82-100. 5253:978-0-87907-724-2 5071:www.oikoumene.org 5017:978-3-643-50045-8 4821:, p. 97-107. 4729:, pp. 477–9. 4512:978-0-300-11884-1 4409:Explanatory notes 4342:Assyrian Genocide 4171:Shimun XI Eshuyow 3412:Coonan Cross Oath 3304:The black flags ( 3286:in India, flags: 2914:Arabian Peninsula 2894:metropolitan sees 2859:School of Nisibis 2831:School of Nisibis 2792:School of Nisibis 2788:Ephrem the Syrian 2717:Upper Mesopotamia 2677:Saint Mary Church 2219:preserved in the 2153:biblical prophets 2143:as it was in the 2100:and not from the 1860:) and ὐπόστασις ( 1724:School of Antioch 1632:Upper Mesopotamia 1609:Arabian Peninsula 1589:Mediterranean Sea 1585:Upper Mesopotamia 1185:Upper Mesopotamia 1121:Mediterranean Sea 1115:. It established 1109:Latin Catholicism 906:Babylonian Church 880: 863: 862: 409:Spiritual Russian 366: 339:Orthodox Tewahedo 325:Eastern Orthodoxy 287: 286: 102:Eastern Christian 16:(Redirected from 17585: 17488:Census in Turkey 17424:Turkish language 17388: 17387: 17376: 17369: 17362: 17353: 17352: 17339: 17338: 17327: 17326: 17325: 16972: 16965: 16964: 16939:Post-Saddam Iraq 16765:Nestorian schism 16759:Christianization 16731:(132 BCE–244 CE) 16725:(247 BCE–224 CE) 16685:(609 BCE–240 CE) 16646: 16645: 16636: 16496:East Syriac Rite 16459:West Syriac Rite 16455: 16454: 16436: 16425: 16414: 16355: 16348: 16341: 16332: 16331: 16318: 16317: 16308: 16307: 16151:Environmentalism 16101:Church buildings 16003: 16002: 15818:Eastern Orthodox 15813:Eastern Catholic 15725: 15724: 15692:Eastern Catholic 15670:Eastern Orthodox 15558: 15557: 15479:Age of Discovery 15464:East–West Schism 15362:Great Commission 15293: 15292: 15145: 15138: 15131: 15122: 15121: 14537: 14536: 13924:Non-Chalcedonian 13905:Constantinople I 13697:General epistles 13692:Pauline epistles 13672:Paul the Apostle 13650:Great Commission 13468: 13461: 13454: 13445: 13444: 13432: 13429: 13412: 13404: 13396: 13388: 13380: 13372: 13364: 13348: 13336: 13309: 13301: 13293: 13290:Constantinople I 13285: 13262: 13254: 13246: 13238: 13235:Constantinople I 13230: 13207: 13203:Constantinople V 13197: 13186: 13176: 13162: 13154: 13146: 13138: 13130: 13122: 13114: 13106: 13098: 13090: 13082: 13074: 13066: 13058: 13050: 13028: 13020: 13012: 13004: 12996: 12988: 12985:Constantinople I 12980: 12953: 12946: 12939: 12930: 12929: 12718:East–West Schism 12671:Malankara Church 12588:Byzantine Empire 12556:(circa 1261) in 12551: 12454: 12453: 12386: 12379: 12372: 12363: 12362: 12351: 12350: 12239: 12229: 12174: 12157: 12146: 12091: 12086:Shigar and Beth 12035: 11995:Qarta and Adarma 11959: 11919:altha and Hnitha 11918: 11903:Mashkena d'Qurdu 11813:Hormizd Ardashir 11718:Dasqarta d'Malka 11622: 11561:dioceses to 1318 11424: 11359: 11352: 11345: 11336: 11335: 11324: 11323: 11298:Eliya V (1503–4) 10998:Pethion (731–40) 10959:Maremmeh (646–9) 10938: 10928:Ezekiel (570–81) 10899:Elishaʿ (524–37) 10884:Acacius (485–96) 10879:Babowai (457–84) 10833:Qayyoma (377–99) 10828:Tomarsa (363–71) 10818:Shahdost (341–3) 10799:Shahlufa (220–4) 10780:Abraham (159–71) 10712: 10705: 10698: 10689: 10688: 10675: 10674: 10562:Syriac Malayalam 10496:Coorilos Paulose 10421:Isaac the Syrian 10248:Eastern Catholic 10244: 10243: 10227:Malankara Church 10136:Eastern Catholic 10132: 10131: 10055:Eastern Catholic 10051: 10050: 10025: 10018: 10011: 10002: 10001: 9991: 9970: 9959:. Münster: LIT. 9946: 9933:The Syriac World 9923: 9910:The Syriac World 9900: 9879: 9858: 9837: 9814: 9800: 9776: 9759: 9742: 9725: 9708: 9687: 9671: 9658: 9645:The Syriac World 9635: 9621: 9610: 9587: 9576: 9559: 9542: 9528: 9518: 9508: 9487: 9466: 9449:(1–3): 217–250. 9437: 9414: 9401:The Syriac World 9391: 9378:The Syriac World 9368: 9347: 9324: 9313: 9286: 9262: 9239: 9216: 9214: 9196: 9183: 9174:Moule, Arthur C. 9169: 9148: 9134: 9120: 9097: 9078:Meyendorff, John 9073: 9060:The Syriac World 9050: 9039: 9033: 9023: 9006: 8995:. Mohr Siebeck. 8985: 8974: 8961: 8944: 8923: 8902: 8879: 8858: 8834: 8810: 8789: 8765: 8732: 8709:Hodgson, Leonard 8704: 8683: 8659: 8656:The Syriac World 8646: 8623: 8613: 8603: 8578: 8576: 8575: 8569: 8554: 8544: 8542: 8541: 8535: 8520: 8510: 8493: 8475: 8465: 8455: 8431: 8417: 8396: 8375: 8364: 8340: 8321:Filoni, Fernando 8316: 8290: 8266: 8242: 8240: 8239: 8233: 8218: 8205: 8203: 8202: 8196: 8181: 8168: 8154: 8134: 8117: 8100: 8066: 8045: 8024: 8003: 7982: 7957: 7936: 7907: 7886: 7865: 7852: 7850: 7835: 7812: 7799: 7778: 7757: 7733: 7709: 7683: 7665: 7652: 7628: 7607: 7590: 7555: 7531: 7507: 7496: 7475: 7447: 7423: 7409: 7397: 7383: 7369: 7355: 7341: 7327: 7293: 7287: 7281: 7276: 7270: 7264: 7258: 7252: 7246: 7240: 7234: 7228: 7222: 7216: 7210: 7204: 7198: 7192: 7186: 7180: 7174: 7168: 7162: 7156: 7147: 7146:, p. 24-25. 7141: 7135: 7129: 7123: 7117: 7108: 7107:, p. 23-24. 7102: 7096: 7090: 7084: 7078: 7065: 7059: 7053: 7047: 7041: 7035: 7026: 7020: 7014: 7008: 7002: 6996: 6990: 6984: 6978: 6977:, p. 22-23. 6972: 6966: 6960: 6951: 6950:, p. 86−88. 6945: 6936: 6930: 6924: 6911: 6905: 6899: 6890: 6881: 6872: 6871:, p. 17-28. 6866: 6860: 6854: 6845: 6839: 6833: 6827: 6821: 6815: 6809: 6803: 6797: 6791: 6785: 6776: 6767: 6766:, p. 16-19. 6761: 6755: 6749: 6743: 6737: 6731: 6730:, p. 46–56. 6725: 6719: 6713: 6707: 6706:, p. 14-15. 6701: 6695: 6689: 6683: 6677: 6671: 6665: 6659: 6658: 6656: 6654: 6635: 6629: 6628: 6626: 6624: 6612: 6606: 6605: 6603: 6601: 6586: 6580: 6579: 6559: 6550: 6549: 6527: 6518: 6517: 6511: 6509: 6494: 6488: 6482: 6476: 6470: 6461: 6455: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6420: 6411: 6405: 6404: 6385: 6379: 6378: 6358: 6352: 6351: 6349: 6323: 6314: 6308: 6307: 6305: 6304: 6289: 6283: 6278: 6272: 6271: 6269: 6268: 6253: 6247: 6241: 6235: 6222: 6216: 6215: 6194: 6188: 6182: 6176: 6170: 6164: 6158: 6152: 6151: 6130: 6124: 6118: 6112: 6111:, p. 13-14. 6106: 6100: 6094: 6088: 6087:, p. 77-89. 6082: 6076: 6070: 6064: 6058: 6052: 6046: 6040: 6033: 6027: 6021: 6015: 6014:, p. 26-27. 6009: 6003: 5997: 5991: 5985: 5979: 5973: 5967: 5955: 5949: 5943: 5937: 5934:Outerbridge 1952 5931: 5925: 5919: 5910: 5904: 5898: 5892: 5886: 5885: 5872: 5866: 5865: 5825: 5819: 5818: 5791:(1st ed.). 5779: 5773: 5772: 5770: 5769: 5754: 5748: 5747: 5729: 5701: 5695: 5694: 5662: 5651: 5650: 5644: 5635: 5629: 5623: 5617: 5611: 5602: 5601: 5596: 5580: 5574: 5573: 5566: 5560: 5554: 5545: 5544: 5542: 5540: 5519: 5510: 5501: 5496: 5490: 5484: 5478: 5477:, p. 21-22. 5472: 5461: 5460:, p. 23-35. 5455: 5449: 5440: 5434: 5433: 5401: 5395: 5383: 5377: 5368: 5362: 5356: 5350: 5344: 5333: 5327: 5321: 5315: 5309: 5303: 5297: 5296:, p. 28-29. 5291: 5282: 5276: 5270: 5264: 5258: 5257: 5237: 5231: 5225: 5219: 5213: 5207: 5201: 5195: 5185: 5179: 5169: 5152: 5146: 5140: 5134: 5128: 5122: 5116: 5115:, p. 3, 30. 5110: 5104: 5103: 5081: 5075: 5074: 5063: 5057: 5040: 5034: 5033:, p. 84-89. 5028: 5022: 5021: 5001: 4995: 4994: 4986: 4980: 4974: 4968: 4962: 4956: 4950: 4944: 4943:, p. 23–35. 4938: 4929: 4920: 4914: 4902: 4896: 4887: 4881: 4880: 4860: 4851: 4845: 4839: 4833: 4822: 4816: 4810: 4809: 4804: 4803: 4790: 4784: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4766: 4765: 4751: 4742: 4736: 4730: 4724: 4718: 4712: 4706: 4700: 4694: 4693: 4673: 4667: 4661: 4652: 4651: 4641: 4635: 4629: 4623: 4617: 4608: 4607: 4583: 4577: 4576: 4571: 4569: 4554: 4541: 4540: 4482: 4460: 4453: 4447: 4440:Nestorian Schism 4432: 4426: 4419: 4320:Shimun XXI Eshai 4266:Yohannan Hormizd 4251: 4124:Shimun IX Dinkha 4090:Abdisho IV Maron 4071: 4062: 4048: 4042: 3999: 3993: 3917: 3911: 3901: 3895: 3887: 3881: 3872: 3815:Latin Christians 3672: 3669: 3644:Rabban Bar Sauma 3629:Nestorian church 3527: 3433:Malankara Church 3403:Synod of Diamper 3387:Society of Jesus 3366:was probably in 3364:metropolitan see 3309: 3291: 3254:West Syriac Rite 3212:, north eastern 3176:). The personal 3134:Hunayn ibn Ishaq 2847:School of Edessa 2827:Nestorian Schism 2646:Nestorian Schism 2576:Sasanian emperor 2531:Nestorian Schism 2512: 2499:, discovered in 2492: 2458: 2439:Siege of Jericho 2434: 2422: 2402: 2386: 2362: 2346: 2322: 2298: 2279: 2261: 2243:Hermann Gollancz 2226: 2225: 2171: 2170: 2169:Giovanni di Cori 2145:Byzantine Church 2094:Wisdom of Sirach 1999:(western Iran), 1995:(central Iraq), 1962:episcopal polity 1881: 1871: 1847: 1838:term, plural of 1833: 1787:Byzantine Empire 1691:Nestorian schism 1444: 1434: 1433: 1387: 1380: 1365: 1358: 1351: 1344: 1337: 1330: 1318: 1311: 1304: 1298: 1296: 1289: 1280: 1267: 1260: 1253: 1247: 1242:in Christianity: 1236: 1085:Continuing as a 1065:non-Chalcedonian 910:Nestorian Church 887: 879:romanized: 878: 876: 871:Classical Syriac 855: 848: 841: 741:Antiochian Greek 387: 332: 312: 289: 288: 186:East Syriac Rite 84:in 2005. It was 70: 61: 58: 46: 45: 21: 17593: 17592: 17588: 17587: 17586: 17584: 17583: 17582: 17563: 17562: 17561: 17556: 17530: 17482: 17392: 17382: 17380: 17350: 17345: 17333: 17323: 17321: 17313: 17256: 17131: 17108:Mardin Province 16971: 16950: 16933:Simele massacre 16867: 16796: 16761:(1st to 3rd c.) 16743:(64 BCE–637 CE) 16737:(66 BCE–217 CE) 16723:Parthian Empire 16717:Seleucid Empire 16709: 16703: 16699:Assyrian tribes 16667:(2025–1364 BCE) 16661:(2600–2025 BCE) 16640: 16638: 16635: 16627: 16584: 16537: 16521: 16490: 16449: 16442: 16441: 16437: 16431: 16430: 16426: 16420: 16419: 16415: 16406: 16375: 16364: 16362:Assyrian people 16359: 16329: 16324: 16302: 16290: 16244: 16199: 16117: 15998: 15992: 15947: 15872:One true church 15728: 15696: 15656: 15545: 15533: 15483: 15440: 15385: 15312:in Christianity 15298: 15284: 15278: 15270: 15229: 15205: 15197: 15154: 15149: 15119: 15114: 15064: 15051:Christian right 14953:Oxford Movement 14928:Restorationists 14899: 14814: 14747: 14682: 14633:Presbyterianism 14604: 14584:Book of Concord 14535: 14459: 14457: 14449: 14216: 14106: 14099: 13935: 13834: 13826: 13785:Clement of Rome 13715: 13708: 13612: 13606: 13495: 13477: 13472: 13442: 13437: 13436: 13435: 13430: 13426: 13415: 13407: 13399: 13391: 13383: 13375: 13367: 13351: 13339: 13323: 13312: 13304: 13296: 13288: 13280: 13271: 13265: 13257: 13249: 13241: 13233: 13225: 13216: 13210: 13200: 13189: 13182: 13172: 13171: 13165: 13157: 13149: 13141: 13133: 13125: 13117: 13109: 13101: 13093: 13085: 13077: 13069: 13061: 13053: 13046: 13039:Catholic Church 13038: 13031: 13023: 13015: 13007: 12999: 12991: 12983: 12975: 12962: 12957: 12927: 12922: 12886: 12817:Filioque clause 12790: 12749: 12676:Arab Christians 12598:Proto-orthodoxy 12560: 12552: 12539: 12521: 12490: 12448: 12441: 12395: 12390: 12360: 12355: 12345: 12339: 12220:Atel and Bohtan 12181: 12177: 12173: 12167: 11980:Prath d'Maishan 11878:Mahoze d'Arewan 11853:Karka d'Maishan 11598:Aoustan d'Arzun 11556: 11474: 11468: 11431: 11425: 11416: 11390: 11372: 11363: 11333: 11328: 11318: 11312: 11189: 11066:Sargis (860–72) 11029: 11003:Aba II (741–51) 10984:Yohannan Garba 10949:Gregory (605–9) 10939:yahb I (582–95) 10923:Joseph (552–67) 10889:Babai (497–503) 10849:Isaac (399–410) 10837: 10744: 10725: 10716: 10686: 10681: 10669: 10663:* Defunct with 10655: 10589:Assyrian people 10577: 10510: 10391:Jacob of Serugh 10386:Jacob Baradaeus 10355: 10319: 10298: 10267: 10232: 10230: 10223: 10221: 10208: 10178: 10153: 10119: 10113: 10106: 10093: 10074: 10063:Maronite Church 10043: 10034: 10029: 9999: 9994: 9988: 9967: 9943: 9920: 9897: 9876: 9855: 9834: 9797: 9705: 9655: 9607: 9575:(3–4): 165–190. 9516: 9505: 9484: 9434: 9411: 9388: 9365: 9344: 9310: 9296:Angold, Michael 9283: 9259: 9236: 9194: 9166: 9117: 9094: 9070: 9031: 9003: 8941: 8920: 8899: 8855: 8839:Joseph, John B. 8831: 8815:Jenkins, Philip 8807: 8786: 8729: 8715:, eds. (1925). 8701: 8680: 8643: 8611: 8600: 8573: 8571: 8567: 8552: 8539: 8537: 8533: 8518: 8503:L'Orient Syrien 8463: 8452: 8414: 8393: 8361: 8337: 8313: 8287: 8263: 8237: 8235: 8231: 8216: 8200: 8198: 8194: 8179: 8147:L'Orient Syrien 8089: 8063: 8042: 8021: 8000: 7954: 7919:(29): 392–409. 7904: 7848: 7832: 7775: 7730: 7706: 7663: 7649: 7625: 7587: 7571:(2007): 39–54. 7552: 7528: 7493: 7472: 7444: 7324: 7302: 7297: 7296: 7288: 7284: 7277: 7273: 7265: 7261: 7255:Wilmshurst 2000 7253: 7249: 7241: 7237: 7231:Wilmshurst 2000 7229: 7225: 7217: 7213: 7207:Wilmshurst 2000 7205: 7201: 7193: 7189: 7181: 7177: 7171:Wilmshurst 2000 7169: 7165: 7159:Wilmshurst 2000 7157: 7150: 7144:Wilmshurst 2000 7142: 7138: 7132:Wilmshurst 2000 7130: 7126: 7120:Wilmshurst 2000 7118: 7111: 7105:Wilmshurst 2000 7103: 7099: 7091: 7087: 7079: 7068: 7060: 7056: 7050:Wilmshurst 2000 7048: 7044: 7036: 7029: 7021: 7017: 7009: 7005: 6997: 6993: 6985: 6981: 6975:Wilmshurst 2000 6973: 6969: 6963:Wilmshurst 2000 6961: 6954: 6946: 6939: 6931: 6927: 6912: 6908: 6900: 6893: 6882: 6875: 6867: 6863: 6857:Wilmshurst 2000 6855: 6848: 6842:Wilmshurst 2000 6840: 6836: 6830:Wilmshurst 2000 6828: 6824: 6816: 6812: 6806:Wilmshurst 2000 6804: 6800: 6792: 6788: 6779:Peter C. Phan, 6777: 6770: 6764:Wilmshurst 2000 6762: 6758: 6752:Wilmshurst 2000 6750: 6746: 6738: 6734: 6726: 6722: 6714: 6710: 6702: 6698: 6690: 6686: 6678: 6674: 6666: 6662: 6652: 6650: 6639:"Main interest" 6637: 6636: 6632: 6622: 6620: 6613: 6609: 6599: 6597: 6588: 6587: 6583: 6576: 6560: 6553: 6542: 6528: 6521: 6507: 6505: 6496: 6495: 6491: 6483: 6479: 6471: 6464: 6458:Frykenberg 2008 6456: 6452: 6418: 6412: 6408: 6401: 6387: 6386: 6382: 6375: 6359: 6355: 6321: 6315: 6311: 6302: 6300: 6291: 6290: 6286: 6279: 6275: 6266: 6264: 6254: 6250: 6242: 6238: 6233:Wayback Machine 6223: 6219: 6209: 6195: 6191: 6183: 6179: 6171: 6167: 6159: 6155: 6149: 6131: 6127: 6119: 6115: 6107: 6103: 6095: 6091: 6083: 6079: 6075:, p. 5–25. 6071: 6067: 6059: 6055: 6047: 6043: 6034: 6030: 6026:, p. 9-66. 6022: 6018: 6010: 6006: 5998: 5994: 5986: 5982: 5978:, p. 3–22. 5974: 5970: 5956: 5952: 5944: 5940: 5932: 5928: 5920: 5913: 5905: 5901: 5893: 5889: 5873: 5869: 5846:10.2307/1584359 5826: 5822: 5807: 5780: 5776: 5767: 5765: 5755: 5751: 5702: 5698: 5663: 5654: 5642: 5636: 5632: 5624: 5620: 5612: 5605: 5599:佐伯博士主張此像乃景敎的耶穌像 5594: 5581: 5577: 5568: 5567: 5563: 5555: 5548: 5538: 5536: 5517: 5511: 5504: 5497: 5493: 5485: 5481: 5475:Wilmshurst 2000 5473: 5464: 5456: 5452: 5441: 5437: 5402: 5398: 5384: 5380: 5369: 5365: 5357: 5353: 5347:Wilmshurst 2000 5345: 5336: 5328: 5324: 5316: 5312: 5304: 5300: 5292: 5285: 5279:Meyendorff 1989 5277: 5273: 5265: 5261: 5254: 5238: 5234: 5226: 5222: 5214: 5210: 5202: 5198: 5186: 5182: 5170: 5155: 5147: 5143: 5135: 5131: 5125:Wilmshurst 2000 5123: 5119: 5111: 5107: 5096: 5082: 5078: 5073:. January 1948. 5065: 5064: 5060: 5050:Wayback Machine 5041: 5037: 5029: 5025: 5018: 5002: 4998: 4987: 4983: 4975: 4971: 4963: 4959: 4955:, p. 1-14. 4951: 4947: 4939: 4932: 4927: 4921: 4917: 4912: 4903: 4899: 4894: 4888: 4884: 4877: 4861: 4854: 4846: 4842: 4834: 4825: 4817: 4813: 4801: 4799: 4792: 4791: 4787: 4779: 4775: 4763: 4761: 4752: 4745: 4737: 4733: 4725: 4721: 4713: 4709: 4701: 4697: 4690: 4674: 4670: 4664:Meyendorff 1989 4662: 4655: 4642: 4638: 4630: 4626: 4618: 4611: 4600: 4584: 4580: 4567: 4565: 4555: 4544: 4513: 4483: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4463: 4454: 4450: 4433: 4429: 4420: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4332: 4293: 4285:Main articles: 4283: 4275:Augustine Hindi 4205: 4144: 4136:Shimun X Eliyah 4078: 3978:Pope Julius III 3948:Pope Julius III 3932:Yohannan Sulaqa 3865: 3859: 3839:Catholic Church 3831: 3689:, ruler of the 3679: 3670: 3621: 3573: 3567: 3499:Nestorian Stele 3487:Nestorian Stele 3479: 3471:Main articles: 3469: 3449: 3312:Delhi Sultanate 3276: 3268:Main articles: 3266: 3230:Nestorian Stele 3197: 3174:Toma bar Yacoub 3166:Babai the Great 3075:Harun al-Rashid 3052:Nestorian Stele 2981: 2837:, convened the 2811:Mar Toma church 2709:Sasanian Empire 2705:Parthian Empire 2670: 2555:religions like 2546:Sasanian Empire 2537: 2527: 2520: 2513: 2504: 2493: 2482: 2459: 2450: 2435: 2426: 2423: 2414: 2403: 2394: 2387: 2378: 2363: 2354: 2347: 2338: 2323: 2314: 2299: 2290: 2280: 2271: 2262: 2141:Syriac Churches 2137: 2125:Epistle of Jude 2031: 2025: 2005:Prat de Maishan 1919: 1907:Sebastian Brock 1818:Babai the Great 1693: 1685:Main articles: 1683: 1534:Christianity". 1472: 1471: 1468:denominations.) 1456:(Not shown are 1453: 1452: 1445: 1438: 1436: 1429: 1428: 1425: 1417: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1385: 1382: 1378: 1375: 1367: 1363: 1360: 1356: 1353: 1349: 1346: 1342: 1339: 1336:Catholic Church 1335: 1332: 1328: 1325: 1320: 1316: 1313: 1309: 1306: 1302: 1299: 1294: 1292: 1290: 1283: 1281: 1274: 1272: 1271: 1245: 1243: 1228: 1212:Pope Julius III 1208:Yohannan Sulaqa 1141:Mongol kingdoms 1113:Greek Orthodoxy 1006:Sasanian Empire 1002:national church 902:Assyrian Church 884:ʿĒḏtā d-Maḏenḥā 859: 819: 818: 805: 775: 767: 766: 765: 735: 727: 726: 725: 700: 692: 691: 690: 595: 587: 586: 585: 519: 511: 510: 424: 414: 413: 399: 391: 390: 377: 320: 238: 233: 221: 205: 188: 93: 54: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 17591: 17581: 17580: 17575: 17558: 17557: 17555: 17554: 17549: 17544: 17538: 17536: 17532: 17531: 17529: 17528: 17523: 17518: 17513: 17508: 17503: 17498: 17492: 17490: 17484: 17483: 17481: 17480: 17475: 17470: 17465: 17460: 17455: 17454: 17453: 17448: 17443: 17438: 17428: 17427: 17426: 17416: 17411: 17406: 17404:Turkish people 17400: 17398: 17394: 17393: 17379: 17378: 17371: 17364: 17356: 17347: 17346: 17344: 17343: 17331: 17318: 17315: 17314: 17312: 17311: 17306: 17301: 17296: 17291: 17286: 17281: 17276: 17270: 17268: 17262: 17261: 17258: 17257: 17255: 17254: 17249: 17248: 17247: 17237: 17235:United Kingdom 17232: 17227: 17222: 17217: 17212: 17207: 17202: 17197: 17192: 17187: 17182: 17177: 17172: 17167: 17162: 17157: 17152: 17147: 17141: 17139: 17133: 17132: 17130: 17129: 17128: 17127: 17126: 17125: 17120: 17115: 17105: 17100: 17095: 17085: 17084: 17083: 17078: 17077: 17076: 17071: 17066: 17051: 17050: 17049: 17044: 17039: 17029: 17028: 17027: 17022: 17017: 17012: 17011: 17010: 17005: 17000: 16995: 16988:Nineveh Plains 16979: 16977: 16962: 16956: 16955: 16952: 16951: 16949: 16948: 16942: 16936: 16930: 16924: 16918: 16915:Adana massacre 16912: 16906: 16900: 16894: 16891:Schism of 1552 16888: 16885:Ottoman Empire 16882: 16879:Safavid Empire 16875: 16873: 16869: 16868: 16866: 16865: 16859: 16853: 16847: 16841: 16835: 16829: 16826:Emirs of Mosul 16823: 16817: 16811: 16804: 16802: 16798: 16797: 16795: 16794: 16788: 16782: 16768: 16762: 16756: 16750: 16744: 16738: 16732: 16726: 16720: 16713: 16711: 16705: 16704: 16702: 16701: 16696: 16691: 16686: 16680: 16674: 16673:(1363–912 BCE) 16668: 16662: 16655: 16653: 16643: 16629: 16628: 16626: 16625: 16620: 16615: 16610: 16605: 16600: 16594: 16592: 16586: 16585: 16583: 16582: 16577: 16572: 16567: 16562: 16557: 16552: 16547: 16541: 16539: 16527: 16526: 16523: 16522: 16520: 16519: 16513: 16507: 16500: 16498: 16492: 16491: 16489: 16488: 16482: 16476: 16470: 16463: 16461: 16452: 16444: 16443: 16409: 16407: 16405: 16404: 16399: 16394: 16389: 16383: 16381: 16377: 16376: 16369: 16366: 16365: 16358: 16357: 16350: 16343: 16335: 16326: 16325: 16323: 16322: 16312: 16299: 16296: 16295: 16292: 16291: 16289: 16288: 16283: 16278: 16273: 16268: 16263: 16258: 16252: 16250: 16246: 16245: 16243: 16242: 16237: 16236: 16235: 16230: 16225: 16213: 16207: 16205: 16201: 16200: 16198: 16197: 16192: 16187: 16182: 16177: 16168: 16163: 16161:Fundamentalism 16158: 16156:Existentialism 16153: 16148: 16143: 16138: 16133: 16127: 16125: 16119: 16118: 16116: 16115: 16110: 16109: 16108: 16098: 16093: 16088: 16083: 16078: 16073: 16068: 16067: 16066: 16056: 16055: 16054: 16049: 16047:God the Father 16044: 16039: 16034: 16024: 16023: 16022: 16011: 16009: 16000: 15994: 15993: 15991: 15990: 15985: 15980: 15979: 15978: 15968: 15963: 15957: 15955: 15949: 15948: 15946: 15945: 15944: 15943: 15933: 15928: 15927: 15926: 15921: 15916: 15911: 15906: 15901: 15896: 15886: 15885: 15884: 15879: 15874: 15869: 15867:Body of Christ 15864: 15854: 15849: 15844: 15843: 15842: 15832: 15827: 15826: 15825: 15820: 15815: 15810: 15800: 15795: 15790: 15785: 15780: 15775: 15770: 15769: 15768: 15763: 15758: 15753: 15742: 15740: 15734: 15733: 15730: 15729: 15727: 15726: 15717: 15712: 15706: 15704: 15702:Restorationist 15698: 15697: 15695: 15694: 15689: 15684: 15679: 15678: 15677: 15666: 15664: 15658: 15657: 15655: 15654: 15649: 15648: 15647: 15642: 15637: 15632: 15627: 15622: 15617: 15612: 15607: 15602: 15597: 15592: 15582: 15577: 15572: 15566: 15564: 15555: 15539: 15538: 15535: 15534: 15532: 15531: 15530: 15529: 15519: 15514: 15509: 15504: 15499: 15493: 15491: 15485: 15484: 15482: 15481: 15476: 15471: 15466: 15461: 15456: 15450: 15448: 15442: 15441: 15439: 15438: 15433: 15428: 15427: 15426: 15421: 15411: 15406: 15404:Late antiquity 15401: 15395: 15393: 15387: 15386: 15384: 15383: 15382: 15381: 15374:Church fathers 15371: 15366: 15365: 15364: 15359: 15354: 15349: 15344: 15339: 15334: 15329: 15324: 15319: 15314: 15303: 15301: 15290: 15272: 15271: 15269: 15268: 15263: 15258: 15253: 15248: 15243: 15237: 15235: 15231: 15230: 15228: 15227: 15222: 15217: 15211: 15209: 15199: 15198: 15196: 15195: 15190: 15185: 15180: 15175: 15170: 15165: 15159: 15156: 15155: 15148: 15147: 15140: 15133: 15125: 15116: 15115: 15113: 15112: 15107: 15102: 15097: 15092: 15087: 15086: 15085: 15080: 15069: 15066: 15065: 15063: 15062: 15057: 15048: 15038: 15033: 15028: 15023: 15018: 15016:Pentecostalism 15013: 15011:Jesus movement 15008: 15000: 14995: 14990: 14985: 14980: 14975: 14970: 14965: 14960: 14955: 14950: 14945: 14940: 14935: 14930: 14925: 14920: 14915: 14909: 14907: 14901: 14900: 14898: 14897: 14888: 14887: 14886: 14876: 14871: 14866: 14861: 14856: 14851: 14850: 14849: 14839: 14834: 14828: 14826: 14820: 14819: 14816: 14815: 14813: 14812: 14805: 14802:Martyrs Mirror 14798: 14793: 14788: 14786:Martyrs' Synod 14783: 14778: 14776:Swiss Brethren 14773: 14768: 14763: 14757: 14755: 14749: 14748: 14746: 14745: 14740: 14733: 14728: 14723: 14718: 14713: 14708: 14703: 14698: 14692: 14690: 14684: 14683: 14681: 14680: 14675: 14670: 14665: 14660: 14655: 14650: 14645: 14640: 14635: 14630: 14625: 14620: 14614: 14612: 14606: 14605: 14603: 14602: 14597: 14592: 14587: 14580: 14575: 14574: 14573: 14568: 14563: 14558: 14545: 14543: 14534: 14533: 14528: 14523: 14521:Law and Gospel 14518: 14513: 14508: 14503: 14498: 14497: 14496: 14486: 14481: 14476: 14471: 14465: 14463: 14451: 14450: 14448: 14447: 14446: 14445: 14435: 14430: 14425: 14420: 14415: 14410: 14409: 14408: 14398: 14393: 14388: 14383: 14378: 14373: 14368: 14363: 14358: 14353: 14348: 14343: 14338: 14333: 14328: 14323: 14318: 14313: 14312: 14311: 14306: 14301: 14296: 14291: 14286: 14276: 14275: 14274: 14273: 14272: 14262: 14257: 14252: 14242: 14237: 14232: 14226: 14224: 14218: 14217: 14215: 14214: 14209: 14204: 14202:Ottoman Empire 14199: 14194: 14189: 14184: 14179: 14174: 14169: 14164: 14159: 14154: 14153: 14152: 14147: 14137: 14132: 14127: 14122: 14117: 14111: 14109: 14101: 14100: 14098: 14097: 14092: 14091: 14090: 14076: 14071: 14066: 14061: 14056: 14051: 14046: 14041: 14032: 14027: 14022: 14017: 14016: 14015: 14014: 14013: 14003: 13998: 13993: 13983: 13978: 13973: 13968: 13963: 13962: 13961: 13956: 13945: 13943: 13937: 13936: 13934: 13933: 13931:Biblical canon 13928: 13927: 13926: 13912: 13907: 13902: 13897: 13892: 13887: 13886: 13885: 13880: 13870: 13865: 13860: 13855: 13854: 13853: 13842: 13840: 13832:Late antiquity 13828: 13827: 13825: 13824: 13819: 13818: 13817: 13812: 13807: 13802: 13797: 13792: 13787: 13780:Church Fathers 13773: 13768: 13763: 13762: 13761: 13756: 13751: 13746: 13741: 13736: 13731: 13720: 13718: 13710: 13709: 13707: 13706: 13705: 13704: 13699: 13694: 13689: 13684: 13674: 13669: 13664: 13659: 13654: 13653: 13652: 13647: 13642: 13637: 13632: 13622: 13616: 13614: 13608: 13607: 13605: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13584: 13579: 13574: 13569: 13564: 13559: 13554: 13549: 13544: 13539: 13534: 13529: 13524: 13519: 13514: 13509: 13503: 13501: 13497: 13496: 13494: 13493: 13488: 13482: 13479: 13478: 13471: 13470: 13463: 13456: 13448: 13439: 13438: 13434: 13433: 13423: 13422: 13420: 13417: 13416: 13414: 13413: 13405: 13397: 13389: 13381: 13377:Synod of Jassy 13373: 13365: 13349: 13337: 13320: 13318: 13314: 13313: 13311: 13310: 13302: 13294: 13286: 13277: 13275: 13267: 13266: 13264: 13263: 13255: 13247: 13239: 13231: 13222: 13220: 13212: 13211: 13209: 13208: 13198: 13187: 13179: 13177: 13167: 13166: 13164: 13163: 13155: 13147: 13139: 13131: 13127:Basel-Florence 13123: 13115: 13107: 13099: 13091: 13083: 13075: 13067: 13059: 13051: 13043: 13041: 13033: 13032: 13030: 13029: 13021: 13013: 13005: 12997: 12989: 12981: 12972: 12970: 12964: 12963: 12956: 12955: 12948: 12941: 12933: 12924: 12923: 12921: 12920: 12915: 12910: 12905: 12903:Divine Liturgy 12900: 12894: 12892: 12888: 12887: 12885: 12884: 12879: 12874: 12869: 12864: 12859: 12854: 12849: 12844: 12839: 12834: 12829: 12824: 12819: 12814: 12809: 12804: 12798: 12796: 12792: 12791: 12789: 12788: 12783: 12778: 12773: 12768: 12763: 12757: 12755: 12751: 12750: 12748: 12747: 12746: 12745: 12744: 12743: 12738: 12733: 12725: 12720: 12710: 12705: 12700: 12695: 12694: 12693: 12688: 12683: 12673: 12664: 12663: 12662: 12652: 12651: 12650: 12645: 12640: 12630: 12629: 12628: 12623: 12618: 12613: 12605: 12600: 12595: 12590: 12581: 12576: 12570: 12568: 12562: 12561: 12546: 12544: 12541: 12540: 12538: 12537: 12531: 12529: 12523: 12522: 12520: 12519: 12514: 12509: 12504: 12498: 12496: 12492: 12491: 12489: 12488: 12483: 12478: 12473: 12468: 12462: 12460: 12451: 12443: 12442: 12418:Eastern Europe 12400: 12397: 12396: 12389: 12388: 12381: 12374: 12366: 12357: 12356: 12344: 12341: 12340: 12338: 12337: 12332: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12287: 12282: 12277: 12272: 12267: 12262: 12257: 12252: 12247: 12242: 12232: 12222: 12217: 12212: 12207: 12202: 12197: 12191: 12189: 12169: 12168: 12166: 12165: 12160: 12152:Yemen and Sana 12149: 12139: 12134: 12129: 12124: 12119: 12114: 12109: 12104: 12099: 12094: 12083: 12078: 12073: 12068: 12066:Shahpur Khwast 12063: 12058: 12053: 12048: 12043: 12038: 12027: 12022: 12017: 12012: 12007: 12002: 11997: 11992: 11987: 11982: 11977: 11972: 11967: 11962: 11951: 11946: 11941: 11936: 11931: 11926: 11921: 11910: 11905: 11900: 11895: 11890: 11885: 11880: 11875: 11870: 11865: 11860: 11855: 11850: 11845: 11840: 11835: 11830: 11825: 11820: 11815: 11810: 11805: 11800: 11795: 11790: 11785: 11780: 11775: 11770: 11765: 11760: 11755: 11750: 11745: 11740: 11735: 11730: 11725: 11720: 11715: 11710: 11705: 11700: 11695: 11690: 11685: 11680: 11675: 11670: 11665: 11660: 11655: 11650: 11645: 11640: 11635: 11630: 11625: 11615: 11610: 11605: 11600: 11595: 11590: 11585: 11580: 11575: 11570: 11564: 11562: 11558: 11557: 11555: 11554: 11549: 11544: 11539: 11534: 11529: 11524: 11519: 11514: 11509: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11484: 11478: 11476: 11470: 11469: 11467: 11466: 11461: 11456: 11451: 11446: 11441: 11435: 11433: 11427: 11426: 11419: 11417: 11415: 11414: 11409: 11404: 11398: 11396: 11392: 11391: 11388:schism of 1552 11377: 11374: 11373: 11362: 11361: 11354: 11347: 11339: 11330: 11329: 11317: 11314: 11313: 11311: 11310: 11305: 11300: 11295: 11290: 11281: 11268: 11255: 11242: 11237: 11228: 11223: 11218: 11213: 11208: 11203: 11197: 11195: 11191: 11190: 11188: 11187: 11182: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11147: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11107: 11102: 11097: 11092: 11087: 11082: 11080:Enosh (877–84) 11077: 11068: 11063: 11058: 11053: 11048: 11043: 11037: 11035: 11031: 11030: 11028: 11027: 11025: 11020: 11015: 11010: 11005: 11000: 10995: 10990: 10981: 10976: 10971: 10966: 10961: 10956: 10951: 10946: 10941: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10918:Aba I (540–52) 10915: 10910: 10901: 10896: 10894:Shila (503–23) 10891: 10886: 10881: 10876: 10871: 10869:Farbokht (421) 10866: 10861: 10856: 10851: 10845: 10843: 10839: 10838: 10836: 10835: 10830: 10825: 10820: 10815: 10810: 10801: 10796: 10791: 10782: 10777: 10775:Abris (121–37) 10772: 10763: 10758: 10752: 10750: 10746: 10745: 10743: 10742: 10737: 10735:schism of 1552 10730: 10727: 10726: 10715: 10714: 10707: 10700: 10692: 10683: 10682: 10680: 10679: 10667: 10665:schism of 1552 10660: 10657: 10656: 10654: 10653: 10648: 10643: 10642: 10641: 10636: 10626: 10625: 10624: 10619: 10614: 10604: 10599: 10598: 10597: 10585: 10583: 10579: 10578: 10576: 10575: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10518: 10516: 10512: 10511: 10509: 10508: 10503: 10498: 10493: 10488: 10483: 10478: 10476:Cyril VI Tanas 10473: 10468: 10463: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10443: 10438: 10433: 10428: 10423: 10418: 10416:Thomas of Cana 10413: 10408: 10403: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10378: 10373: 10367: 10365: 10361: 10360: 10357: 10356: 10354: 10353: 10347: 10341: 10334: 10332: 10321: 10320: 10318: 10317: 10310: 10308: 10300: 10299: 10297: 10296: 10290: 10284: 10277: 10275: 10269: 10268: 10266: 10265: 10259: 10252: 10250: 10241: 10214: 10213: 10210: 10209: 10207: 10206: 10200: 10193: 10191: 10180: 10179: 10177: 10176: 10170: 10163: 10161: 10155: 10154: 10152: 10151: 10140: 10138: 10129: 10099: 10098: 10095: 10094: 10092: 10091: 10084: 10082: 10076: 10075: 10073: 10072: 10066: 10059: 10057: 10048: 10036: 10035: 10028: 10027: 10020: 10013: 10005: 9998: 9997:External links 9995: 9993: 9992: 9986: 9971: 9965: 9947: 9941: 9924: 9918: 9901: 9895: 9880: 9874: 9859: 9853: 9838: 9832: 9815: 9801: 9795: 9777: 9760: 9743: 9726: 9709: 9703: 9688: 9672: 9659: 9653: 9636: 9634:. Paris: Plon. 9626:Tajadod, Nahal 9622: 9611: 9605: 9588: 9577: 9560: 9543: 9529: 9509: 9503: 9488: 9482: 9467: 9438: 9432: 9415: 9409: 9392: 9386: 9369: 9363: 9348: 9342: 9325: 9314: 9308: 9287: 9281: 9267:Nichols, Aidan 9263: 9257: 9240: 9234: 9217: 9205:(2): 235–264. 9184: 9170: 9164: 9149: 9135: 9121: 9115: 9098: 9092: 9074: 9068: 9051: 9040: 9024: 9007: 9001: 8986: 8975: 8962: 8945: 8939: 8924: 8918: 8903: 8897: 8880: 8864:Échos d'Orient 8859: 8853: 8835: 8829: 8811: 8805: 8790: 8784: 8770:Jackson, Peter 8766: 8748:(3): 129–142. 8733: 8727: 8705: 8699: 8684: 8678: 8660: 8647: 8641: 8624: 8604: 8598: 8579: 8545: 8511: 8494: 8476: 8456: 8450: 8432: 8422:Giamil, Samuel 8418: 8412: 8397: 8391: 8376: 8365: 8359: 8345:Foltz, Richard 8341: 8335: 8317: 8311: 8291: 8285: 8267: 8261: 8243: 8206: 8169: 8155: 8135: 8118: 8101: 8087: 8077:. Collection « 8067: 8061: 8046: 8040: 8025: 8019: 8004: 7998: 7983: 7973:(3): 179–198. 7958: 7952: 7937: 7908: 7902: 7887: 7877:(2): 165–202. 7866: 7853: 7836: 7830: 7813: 7800: 7779: 7773: 7758: 7756:on 2008-10-06. 7734: 7728: 7710: 7704: 7684: 7653: 7647: 7629: 7623: 7608: 7591: 7585: 7556: 7550: 7532: 7526: 7508: 7497: 7491: 7476: 7470: 7448: 7442: 7424: 7410: 7398: 7384: 7370: 7356: 7342: 7328: 7322: 7308:Aboona, Hirmis 7303: 7301: 7298: 7295: 7294: 7282: 7271: 7259: 7247: 7235: 7233:, p. 263. 7223: 7211: 7199: 7187: 7175: 7163: 7148: 7136: 7134:, p. 352. 7124: 7109: 7097: 7095:, p. 114. 7085: 7066: 7064:, p. 230. 7062:Tisserant 1931 7054: 7042: 7040:, p. 473. 7027: 7015: 7003: 6991: 6987:Tisserant 1931 6979: 6967: 6952: 6948:Wilkinson 2007 6937: 6935:, p. 661. 6925: 6906: 6891: 6873: 6861: 6846: 6834: 6822: 6820:, p. 104. 6810: 6798: 6796:, p. 105. 6786: 6768: 6756: 6744: 6732: 6720: 6708: 6696: 6694:, p. 183. 6684: 6682:, p. 169. 6672: 6660: 6630: 6619:. Sunday Times 6607: 6581: 6575:978-1452528632 6574: 6551: 6540: 6519: 6502:britannica.com 6489: 6477: 6462: 6450: 6406: 6399: 6380: 6373: 6353: 6309: 6284: 6273: 6248: 6236: 6217: 6207: 6189: 6177: 6165: 6153: 6147: 6125: 6113: 6101: 6089: 6077: 6065: 6053: 6041: 6028: 6016: 6004: 5992: 5980: 5968: 5958:Ilaria Ramelli 5950: 5938: 5926: 5924:, p. 354. 5911: 5909:, p. 105. 5899: 5887: 5867: 5820: 5805: 5799:. p. 71. 5774: 5749: 5696: 5652: 5630: 5618: 5603: 5575: 5561: 5559:, p. 168. 5546: 5528:(3): 143–162. 5502: 5491: 5479: 5462: 5450: 5435: 5422:10.2307/592420 5396: 5378: 5363: 5351: 5334: 5322: 5310: 5298: 5283: 5271: 5269:, p. 174. 5259: 5252: 5232: 5230:, p. 136. 5220: 5208: 5206:, p. 130. 5196: 5180: 5153: 5149:Seleznyov 2010 5141: 5129: 5117: 5105: 5101:50,000-70,000. 5094: 5076: 5058: 5035: 5023: 5016: 4996: 4981: 4979:, p. 140. 4969: 4957: 4945: 4930: 4915: 4897: 4882: 4875: 4852: 4840: 4823: 4811: 4785: 4783:, p. 3,4. 4773: 4743: 4731: 4719: 4707: 4695: 4688: 4668: 4653: 4636: 4624: 4609: 4598: 4578: 4542: 4521:j.ctt32bd7m.28 4511: 4471: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4462: 4461: 4448: 4427: 4413: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4282: 4279: 4204: 4201: 4143: 4140: 4077: 4074: 3863:Schism of 1552 3861:Main article: 3858: 3857:Schism of 1552 3855: 3830: 3827: 3702:Timurid Empire 3678: 3675: 3652:Holy Sepulchre 3620: 3617: 3569:Main article: 3566: 3563: 3468: 3465: 3448: 3445: 3336:Thomas of Cana 3332:David of Basra 3265: 3262: 3196: 3193: 3138:Qusta ibn Luqa 2980: 2977: 2918:Horn of Africa 2906:Zoroastrianism 2892:, and several 2741:Papa bar Aggai 2669: 2666: 2602:Western Church 2526: 2523: 2522: 2521: 2514: 2507: 2505: 2503:. 9th century. 2494: 2487: 2484: 2483: 2460: 2453: 2451: 2436: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2417: 2415: 2413:, 9th century. 2404: 2397: 2395: 2388: 2381: 2379: 2364: 2357: 2355: 2348: 2341: 2339: 2335:Mary Magdalene 2324: 2317: 2315: 2300: 2293: 2291: 2287:British Museum 2281: 2274: 2272: 2263: 2256: 2184:discovered by 2136: 2133: 2027:Main article: 2024: 2021: 1918: 1915: 1708:Christological 1682: 1679: 1663:full communion 1655:schism of 1552 1516:Constantinople 1470: 1469: 1466:restorationist 1462:nontrinitarian 1449:Full communion 1446: 1437: 1426: 1418: 1410: 1407:(11th century) 1405: 1400: 1397:(16th century) 1395: 1390: 1383: 1376: 1368: 1361: 1354: 1347: 1340: 1333: 1329:(Latin Church) 1326: 1321: 1314: 1307: 1300: 1291: 1282: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1262: 1255: 1244: 1237: 1231: 1230: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1204:schism in 1552 961:, a series of 898:Persian Church 861: 860: 858: 857: 850: 843: 835: 832: 831: 830: 829: 821: 820: 817: 816: 811: 804: 803: 798: 793: 791:Divine Liturgy 788: 783: 777: 776: 773: 772: 769: 768: 764: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 737: 736: 733: 732: 729: 728: 724: 723: 718: 713: 708: 702: 701: 698: 697: 694: 693: 689: 688: 683: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 648: 643: 638: 636:Three Chapters 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 603: 597: 596: 593: 592: 589: 588: 584: 583: 578: 577: 576: 566: 561: 556: 555: 554: 549: 539: 538: 537: 532: 521: 520: 517: 516: 513: 512: 509: 508: 503: 500: 495: 490: 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 449: 446: 441: 436: 431: 425: 420: 419: 416: 415: 412: 411: 406: 400: 397: 396: 393: 392: 389: 388: 372: 367: 327: 321: 318: 317: 314: 313: 305: 304: 298: 297: 285: 284: 281: 277: 276: 261:schism of 1552 257: 253: 252: 247: 243: 242: 230: 226: 225: 215: 211: 210: 199: 195: 194: 183: 179: 178: 161: 157: 156: 151: 147: 146: 141: 135: 134: 119: 115: 114: 109: 105: 104: 99: 95: 94: 71: 63: 62: 51: 50: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17590: 17579: 17576: 17574: 17571: 17570: 17568: 17553: 17550: 17548: 17545: 17543: 17540: 17539: 17537: 17533: 17527: 17524: 17522: 17519: 17517: 17514: 17512: 17509: 17507: 17504: 17502: 17499: 17497: 17494: 17493: 17491: 17489: 17485: 17479: 17476: 17474: 17471: 17469: 17466: 17464: 17461: 17459: 17456: 17452: 17449: 17447: 17444: 17442: 17439: 17437: 17434: 17433: 17432: 17429: 17425: 17422: 17421: 17420: 17417: 17415: 17412: 17410: 17407: 17405: 17402: 17401: 17399: 17395: 17391: 17386: 17377: 17372: 17370: 17365: 17363: 17358: 17357: 17354: 17342: 17337: 17332: 17330: 17320: 17319: 17316: 17310: 17307: 17305: 17302: 17300: 17297: 17295: 17292: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17282: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17271: 17269: 17267: 17263: 17253: 17250: 17246: 17243: 17242: 17241: 17240:United States 17238: 17236: 17233: 17231: 17228: 17226: 17223: 17221: 17218: 17216: 17213: 17211: 17208: 17206: 17203: 17201: 17198: 17196: 17193: 17191: 17188: 17186: 17183: 17181: 17178: 17176: 17173: 17171: 17168: 17166: 17163: 17161: 17158: 17156: 17153: 17151: 17148: 17146: 17143: 17142: 17140: 17138: 17134: 17124: 17121: 17119: 17116: 17114: 17111: 17110: 17109: 17106: 17104: 17101: 17099: 17096: 17094: 17091: 17090: 17089: 17086: 17082: 17079: 17075: 17072: 17070: 17067: 17065: 17062: 17061: 17060: 17057: 17056: 17055: 17052: 17048: 17045: 17043: 17040: 17038: 17035: 17034: 17033: 17030: 17026: 17023: 17021: 17018: 17016: 17013: 17009: 17006: 17004: 17001: 16999: 16996: 16994: 16991: 16990: 16989: 16986: 16985: 16984: 16981: 16980: 16978: 16975: 16970: 16966: 16963: 16961: 16957: 16946: 16943: 16940: 16937: 16934: 16931: 16928: 16925: 16922: 16919: 16916: 16913: 16910: 16907: 16904: 16901: 16898: 16895: 16892: 16889: 16886: 16883: 16880: 16877: 16876: 16874: 16870: 16863: 16860: 16857: 16854: 16851: 16848: 16845: 16842: 16839: 16836: 16833: 16832:Buyid amirate 16830: 16827: 16824: 16821: 16818: 16815: 16812: 16809: 16806: 16805: 16803: 16799: 16792: 16789: 16786: 16783: 16780: 16776: 16772: 16769: 16766: 16763: 16760: 16757: 16754: 16753:Roman Assyria 16751: 16748: 16745: 16742: 16739: 16736: 16733: 16730: 16727: 16724: 16721: 16718: 16715: 16714: 16712: 16706: 16700: 16697: 16695: 16692: 16690: 16687: 16684: 16681: 16679:(911–609 BCE) 16678: 16675: 16672: 16669: 16666: 16663: 16660: 16657: 16656: 16654: 16652: 16647: 16644: 16634: 16630: 16624: 16621: 16619: 16616: 16614: 16611: 16609: 16606: 16604: 16601: 16599: 16596: 16595: 16593: 16591: 16587: 16581: 16580:Syriac script 16578: 16576: 16573: 16571: 16568: 16566: 16563: 16561: 16558: 16556: 16553: 16551: 16548: 16546: 16543: 16542: 16540: 16536: 16532: 16528: 16517: 16514: 16511: 16508: 16505: 16502: 16501: 16499: 16497: 16493: 16486: 16483: 16480: 16477: 16474: 16471: 16468: 16465: 16464: 16462: 16460: 16456: 16453: 16451: 16445: 16440: 16439:Chaldean flag 16435: 16429: 16424: 16418: 16417:Assyrian flag 16413: 16403: 16400: 16398: 16395: 16393: 16390: 16388: 16385: 16384: 16382: 16378: 16373: 16367: 16363: 16356: 16351: 16349: 16344: 16342: 16337: 16336: 16333: 16321: 16313: 16311: 16306: 16301: 16300: 16297: 16287: 16284: 16282: 16279: 16277: 16274: 16272: 16269: 16267: 16264: 16262: 16259: 16257: 16254: 16253: 16251: 16247: 16241: 16238: 16234: 16231: 16229: 16226: 16224: 16223: 16219: 16218: 16217: 16214: 16212: 16209: 16208: 16206: 16202: 16196: 16193: 16191: 16188: 16186: 16183: 16181: 16178: 16176: 16172: 16169: 16167: 16164: 16162: 16159: 16157: 16154: 16152: 16149: 16147: 16144: 16142: 16139: 16137: 16134: 16132: 16129: 16128: 16126: 16124: 16120: 16114: 16111: 16107: 16104: 16103: 16102: 16099: 16097: 16096:Popular piety 16094: 16092: 16089: 16087: 16084: 16082: 16079: 16077: 16074: 16072: 16069: 16065: 16062: 16061: 16060: 16057: 16053: 16050: 16048: 16045: 16043: 16040: 16038: 16035: 16033: 16030: 16029: 16028: 16025: 16021: 16018: 16017: 16016: 16013: 16012: 16010: 16008: 16004: 16001: 15995: 15989: 15986: 15984: 15981: 15977: 15974: 15973: 15972: 15969: 15967: 15964: 15962: 15959: 15958: 15956: 15954: 15950: 15942: 15939: 15938: 15937: 15934: 15932: 15929: 15925: 15922: 15920: 15917: 15915: 15912: 15910: 15907: 15905: 15902: 15900: 15897: 15895: 15892: 15891: 15890: 15887: 15883: 15880: 15878: 15877:People of God 15875: 15873: 15870: 15868: 15865: 15863: 15860: 15859: 15858: 15855: 15853: 15850: 15848: 15845: 15841: 15838: 15837: 15836: 15833: 15831: 15828: 15824: 15821: 15819: 15816: 15814: 15811: 15809: 15806: 15805: 15804: 15801: 15799: 15796: 15794: 15791: 15789: 15786: 15784: 15781: 15779: 15776: 15774: 15771: 15767: 15764: 15762: 15759: 15757: 15754: 15752: 15749: 15748: 15747: 15744: 15743: 15741: 15739: 15735: 15723: 15718: 15716: 15713: 15711: 15708: 15707: 15705: 15703: 15699: 15693: 15690: 15688: 15685: 15683: 15680: 15676: 15673: 15672: 15671: 15668: 15667: 15665: 15663: 15659: 15653: 15650: 15646: 15643: 15641: 15638: 15636: 15633: 15631: 15628: 15626: 15623: 15621: 15618: 15616: 15613: 15611: 15608: 15606: 15603: 15601: 15598: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15587: 15586: 15583: 15581: 15578: 15576: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15567: 15565: 15563: 15559: 15556: 15553: 15549: 15544: 15543:Denominations 15540: 15528: 15525: 15524: 15523: 15520: 15518: 15515: 15513: 15512:Enlightenment 15510: 15508: 15505: 15503: 15500: 15498: 15495: 15494: 15492: 15490: 15486: 15480: 15477: 15475: 15472: 15470: 15467: 15465: 15462: 15460: 15457: 15455: 15452: 15451: 15449: 15447: 15443: 15437: 15434: 15432: 15429: 15425: 15422: 15420: 15417: 15416: 15415: 15412: 15410: 15407: 15405: 15402: 15400: 15397: 15396: 15394: 15392: 15388: 15380: 15377: 15376: 15375: 15372: 15370: 15367: 15363: 15360: 15358: 15355: 15353: 15350: 15348: 15345: 15343: 15340: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15330: 15328: 15325: 15323: 15320: 15318: 15315: 15313: 15310: 15309: 15308: 15305: 15304: 15302: 15300: 15294: 15291: 15288: 15282: 15277: 15273: 15267: 15264: 15262: 15259: 15257: 15254: 15252: 15249: 15247: 15244: 15242: 15239: 15238: 15236: 15232: 15226: 15225:New Testament 15223: 15221: 15220:Old Testament 15218: 15216: 15213: 15212: 15210: 15208: 15204: 15200: 15194: 15191: 15189: 15186: 15184: 15181: 15179: 15176: 15174: 15171: 15169: 15166: 15164: 15161: 15160: 15157: 15153: 15146: 15141: 15139: 15134: 15132: 15127: 15126: 15123: 15111: 15108: 15106: 15105:Protestantism 15103: 15101: 15098: 15096: 15093: 15091: 15088: 15084: 15081: 15079: 15076: 15075: 15074: 15071: 15070: 15067: 15061: 15058: 15056: 15052: 15049: 15046: 15042: 15039: 15037: 15034: 15032: 15029: 15027: 15024: 15022: 15019: 15017: 15014: 15012: 15009: 15007: 15006: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14991: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14979: 14978:Azusa Revival 14976: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14964: 14961: 14959: 14958:Laestadianism 14956: 14954: 14951: 14949: 14946: 14944: 14941: 14939: 14936: 14934: 14931: 14929: 14926: 14924: 14921: 14919: 14916: 14914: 14911: 14910: 14908: 14906: 14902: 14896: 14895:Old Lutherans 14892: 14889: 14885: 14882: 14881: 14880: 14877: 14875: 14872: 14870: 14867: 14865: 14862: 14860: 14857: 14855: 14852: 14848: 14845: 14844: 14843: 14840: 14838: 14835: 14833: 14830: 14829: 14827: 14825: 14821: 14811: 14810: 14806: 14804: 14803: 14799: 14797: 14794: 14792: 14789: 14787: 14784: 14782: 14779: 14777: 14774: 14772: 14769: 14767: 14764: 14762: 14759: 14758: 14756: 14754: 14750: 14744: 14741: 14739: 14738: 14734: 14732: 14729: 14727: 14724: 14722: 14719: 14717: 14714: 14712: 14709: 14707: 14704: 14702: 14699: 14697: 14694: 14693: 14691: 14689: 14685: 14679: 14676: 14674: 14671: 14669: 14666: 14664: 14661: 14659: 14656: 14654: 14651: 14649: 14646: 14644: 14641: 14639: 14636: 14634: 14631: 14629: 14626: 14624: 14621: 14619: 14616: 14615: 14613: 14611: 14607: 14601: 14598: 14596: 14593: 14591: 14588: 14586: 14585: 14581: 14579: 14576: 14572: 14569: 14567: 14564: 14562: 14561:Diet of Worms 14559: 14557: 14556: 14552: 14551: 14550: 14547: 14546: 14544: 14542: 14538: 14532: 14529: 14527: 14524: 14522: 14519: 14517: 14514: 14512: 14509: 14507: 14504: 14502: 14499: 14495: 14492: 14491: 14490: 14487: 14485: 14482: 14480: 14477: 14475: 14472: 14470: 14467: 14466: 14464: 14462: 14461:Protestantism 14456: 14452: 14444: 14441: 14440: 14439: 14436: 14434: 14431: 14429: 14426: 14424: 14421: 14419: 14416: 14414: 14411: 14407: 14404: 14403: 14402: 14399: 14397: 14394: 14392: 14389: 14387: 14384: 14382: 14379: 14377: 14374: 14372: 14369: 14367: 14364: 14362: 14359: 14357: 14354: 14352: 14349: 14347: 14344: 14342: 14339: 14337: 14334: 14332: 14329: 14327: 14324: 14322: 14319: 14317: 14314: 14310: 14307: 14305: 14302: 14300: 14297: 14295: 14292: 14290: 14287: 14285: 14282: 14281: 14280: 14277: 14271: 14268: 14267: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14247: 14246: 14243: 14241: 14238: 14236: 14233: 14231: 14228: 14227: 14225: 14223: 14219: 14213: 14212:North America 14210: 14208: 14205: 14203: 14200: 14198: 14195: 14193: 14190: 14188: 14185: 14183: 14180: 14178: 14175: 14173: 14170: 14168: 14165: 14163: 14160: 14158: 14155: 14151: 14148: 14146: 14143: 14142: 14141: 14138: 14136: 14133: 14131: 14128: 14126: 14123: 14121: 14118: 14116: 14113: 14112: 14110: 14108: 14102: 14096: 14093: 14089: 14086: 14085: 14084: 14080: 14077: 14075: 14072: 14070: 14067: 14065: 14062: 14060: 14057: 14055: 14052: 14050: 14047: 14045: 14042: 14040: 14036: 14033: 14031: 14028: 14026: 14023: 14021: 14018: 14012: 14009: 14008: 14007: 14004: 14002: 13999: 13997: 13994: 13992: 13989: 13988: 13987: 13984: 13982: 13979: 13977: 13974: 13972: 13969: 13967: 13964: 13960: 13957: 13955: 13952: 13951: 13950: 13947: 13946: 13944: 13942: 13938: 13932: 13929: 13925: 13921: 13918: 13917: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13903: 13901: 13898: 13896: 13893: 13891: 13888: 13884: 13881: 13879: 13876: 13875: 13874: 13871: 13869: 13866: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13852: 13849: 13848: 13847: 13844: 13843: 13841: 13838: 13833: 13829: 13823: 13822:Early African 13820: 13816: 13813: 13811: 13808: 13806: 13805:Justin Martyr 13803: 13801: 13798: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13788: 13786: 13783: 13782: 13781: 13777: 13774: 13772: 13769: 13767: 13764: 13760: 13757: 13755: 13752: 13750: 13747: 13745: 13742: 13740: 13737: 13735: 13732: 13730: 13727: 13726: 13725: 13722: 13721: 13719: 13717: 13711: 13703: 13700: 13698: 13695: 13693: 13690: 13688: 13685: 13683: 13680: 13679: 13678: 13675: 13673: 13670: 13668: 13665: 13663: 13660: 13658: 13655: 13651: 13648: 13646: 13643: 13641: 13638: 13636: 13633: 13631: 13628: 13627: 13626: 13625:Life of Jesus 13623: 13621: 13618: 13617: 13615: 13613:Apostolic Age 13609: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13578: 13575: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13563: 13560: 13558: 13555: 13553: 13550: 13548: 13545: 13543: 13540: 13538: 13535: 13533: 13530: 13528: 13525: 13523: 13520: 13518: 13515: 13513: 13510: 13508: 13505: 13504: 13502: 13498: 13492: 13489: 13487: 13484: 13483: 13480: 13476: 13469: 13464: 13462: 13457: 13455: 13450: 13449: 13446: 13428: 13424: 13418: 13410: 13406: 13402: 13398: 13394: 13390: 13386: 13382: 13378: 13374: 13370: 13366: 13362: 13358: 13354: 13350: 13346: 13342: 13338: 13334: 13330: 13326: 13322: 13321: 13319: 13315: 13307: 13303: 13299: 13295: 13291: 13287: 13283: 13279: 13278: 13276: 13274: 13268: 13260: 13256: 13252: 13248: 13244: 13240: 13236: 13232: 13228: 13224: 13223: 13221: 13219: 13213: 13205: 13204: 13199: 13195: 13193: 13188: 13185: 13181: 13180: 13178: 13175: 13168: 13160: 13156: 13152: 13148: 13144: 13140: 13136: 13132: 13128: 13124: 13120: 13116: 13112: 13108: 13104: 13100: 13096: 13092: 13088: 13084: 13080: 13076: 13072: 13068: 13064: 13060: 13056: 13052: 13049: 13045: 13044: 13042: 13040: 13034: 13026: 13022: 13018: 13014: 13010: 13006: 13002: 12998: 12994: 12990: 12986: 12982: 12978: 12974: 12973: 12971: 12969: 12965: 12961: 12954: 12949: 12947: 12942: 12940: 12935: 12934: 12931: 12919: 12916: 12914: 12911: 12909: 12906: 12904: 12901: 12899: 12896: 12895: 12893: 12889: 12883: 12880: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12858: 12855: 12853: 12850: 12848: 12845: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12830: 12828: 12825: 12823: 12820: 12818: 12815: 12813: 12810: 12808: 12805: 12803: 12800: 12799: 12797: 12793: 12787: 12784: 12782: 12779: 12777: 12774: 12772: 12771:New Testament 12769: 12767: 12766:Old Testament 12764: 12762: 12759: 12758: 12756: 12752: 12742: 12739: 12737: 12734: 12732: 12729: 12728: 12726: 12724: 12721: 12719: 12716: 12715: 12714: 12711: 12709: 12706: 12704: 12701: 12699: 12696: 12692: 12689: 12687: 12684: 12682: 12679: 12678: 12677: 12674: 12672: 12668: 12665: 12661: 12658: 12657: 12656: 12653: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12636: 12635: 12634: 12631: 12627: 12624: 12622: 12619: 12617: 12614: 12612: 12609: 12608: 12606: 12604: 12601: 12599: 12596: 12594: 12591: 12589: 12585: 12582: 12580: 12577: 12575: 12572: 12571: 12569: 12567: 12563: 12559: 12555: 12550: 12536: 12533: 12532: 12530: 12528: 12527:Protestantism 12524: 12518: 12515: 12513: 12510: 12508: 12505: 12503: 12502:Old Believers 12500: 12499: 12497: 12493: 12487: 12484: 12482: 12479: 12477: 12474: 12472: 12469: 12467: 12464: 12463: 12461: 12459: 12455: 12452: 12450: 12444: 12439: 12435: 12431: 12427: 12423: 12419: 12415: 12411: 12407: 12403: 12402:Cultural area 12398: 12394: 12387: 12382: 12380: 12375: 12373: 12368: 12367: 12364: 12354: 12349: 12342: 12336: 12333: 12331: 12328: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12281: 12278: 12276: 12273: 12271: 12268: 12266: 12263: 12261: 12258: 12256: 12253: 12251: 12248: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12223: 12221: 12218: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12208: 12206: 12203: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12192: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12180: 12170: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12156: 12150: 12148: 12145: 12140: 12138: 12135: 12133: 12130: 12128: 12125: 12123: 12120: 12118: 12115: 12113: 12110: 12108: 12105: 12103: 12100: 12098: 12095: 12093: 12090: 12084: 12082: 12079: 12077: 12074: 12072: 12069: 12067: 12064: 12062: 12059: 12057: 12054: 12052: 12049: 12047: 12044: 12042: 12039: 12037: 12034: 12028: 12026: 12023: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12013: 12011: 12008: 12006: 12003: 12001: 11998: 11996: 11993: 11991: 11988: 11986: 11983: 11981: 11978: 11976: 11973: 11971: 11968: 11966: 11963: 11961: 11958: 11952: 11950: 11947: 11945: 11942: 11940: 11937: 11935: 11934:Mihraganqadaq 11932: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11920: 11917: 11911: 11909: 11906: 11904: 11901: 11899: 11896: 11894: 11891: 11889: 11886: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11876: 11874: 11871: 11869: 11866: 11864: 11861: 11859: 11856: 11854: 11851: 11849: 11848:Karka d'Ledan 11846: 11844: 11841: 11839: 11836: 11834: 11831: 11829: 11826: 11824: 11821: 11819: 11816: 11814: 11811: 11809: 11806: 11804: 11801: 11799: 11796: 11794: 11791: 11789: 11786: 11784: 11781: 11779: 11776: 11774: 11771: 11769: 11766: 11764: 11761: 11759: 11756: 11754: 11751: 11749: 11746: 11744: 11741: 11739: 11736: 11734: 11731: 11729: 11726: 11724: 11721: 11719: 11716: 11714: 11711: 11709: 11706: 11704: 11701: 11699: 11696: 11694: 11691: 11689: 11686: 11684: 11681: 11679: 11676: 11674: 11671: 11669: 11666: 11664: 11661: 11659: 11656: 11654: 11651: 11649: 11646: 11644: 11641: 11639: 11636: 11634: 11631: 11629: 11626: 11624: 11621: 11616: 11614: 11611: 11609: 11606: 11604: 11601: 11599: 11596: 11594: 11591: 11589: 11586: 11584: 11581: 11579: 11576: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11565: 11563: 11559: 11553: 11550: 11548: 11545: 11543: 11540: 11538: 11535: 11533: 11532:Katai and Ong 11530: 11528: 11525: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11515: 11513: 11510: 11508: 11505: 11503: 11500: 11498: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11483: 11480: 11479: 11477: 11471: 11465: 11462: 11460: 11457: 11455: 11452: 11450: 11447: 11445: 11442: 11440: 11437: 11436: 11434: 11428: 11423: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11405: 11403: 11400: 11399: 11397: 11393: 11389: 11385: 11381: 11375: 11371: 11367: 11360: 11355: 11353: 11348: 11346: 11341: 11340: 11337: 11327: 11322: 11315: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11301: 11299: 11296: 11294: 11291: 11289: 11287: 11282: 11280: 11278: 11274: 11271:Shemʿon III ( 11269: 11267: 11265: 11261: 11256: 11254: 11252: 11248: 11243: 11241: 11238: 11236: 11234: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11198: 11196: 11192: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11120:Mari (987–99) 11118: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11096: 11093: 11091: 11088: 11086: 11083: 11081: 11078: 11076: 11074: 11069: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11054: 11052: 11049: 11047: 11044: 11042: 11039: 11038: 11036: 11032: 11026: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11001: 10999: 10996: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10987: 10982: 10980: 10977: 10975: 10972: 10970: 10967: 10965: 10962: 10960: 10957: 10955: 10952: 10950: 10947: 10945: 10942: 10940: 10937: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10907: 10902: 10900: 10897: 10895: 10892: 10890: 10887: 10885: 10882: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10872: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10854:Ahha (410–14) 10852: 10850: 10847: 10846: 10844: 10840: 10834: 10831: 10829: 10826: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10807: 10802: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10788: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10769: 10764: 10762: 10761:Aggai (66–87) 10759: 10757: 10754: 10753: 10751: 10747: 10741: 10738: 10736: 10732: 10731: 10728: 10724: 10720: 10713: 10708: 10706: 10701: 10699: 10694: 10693: 10690: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10666: 10662: 10661: 10658: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10640: 10639:Phoenicianism 10637: 10635: 10632: 10631: 10630: 10627: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10609: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10600: 10596: 10593: 10592: 10590: 10587: 10586: 10584: 10580: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10519: 10517: 10513: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10499: 10497: 10494: 10492: 10489: 10487: 10484: 10482: 10479: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10464: 10462: 10459: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10449: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10424: 10422: 10419: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10368: 10366: 10362: 10351: 10348: 10345: 10342: 10339: 10336: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10326: 10322: 10315: 10312: 10311: 10309: 10306: 10301: 10294: 10291: 10288: 10285: 10282: 10279: 10278: 10276: 10274: 10270: 10263: 10260: 10257: 10254: 10253: 10251: 10249: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10236: 10229: 10228: 10219: 10215: 10204: 10201: 10198: 10195: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10185: 10181: 10174: 10171: 10168: 10165: 10164: 10162: 10160: 10156: 10149: 10145: 10142: 10141: 10139: 10137: 10133: 10130: 10127: 10123: 10117: 10112: 10111: 10104: 10100: 10089: 10086: 10085: 10083: 10081: 10077: 10070: 10067: 10064: 10061: 10060: 10058: 10056: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10041: 10037: 10033: 10026: 10021: 10019: 10014: 10012: 10007: 10006: 10003: 9989: 9987:9780199670673 9983: 9979: 9978: 9972: 9968: 9962: 9958: 9957: 9952: 9948: 9944: 9942:9781138899018 9938: 9934: 9930: 9925: 9921: 9919:9781138899018 9915: 9911: 9907: 9902: 9898: 9896:9781907318047 9892: 9888: 9887: 9881: 9877: 9875:9789042908765 9871: 9867: 9866: 9860: 9856: 9854:9789004162501 9850: 9846: 9845: 9839: 9835: 9833:9783643903297 9829: 9825: 9821: 9816: 9812: 9811: 9806: 9802: 9798: 9796:9780837080789 9792: 9788: 9787: 9782: 9778: 9774: 9770: 9766: 9761: 9757: 9753: 9749: 9744: 9740: 9736: 9732: 9727: 9724:(4): 261–278. 9723: 9719: 9715: 9710: 9706: 9704:9780404161880 9700: 9696: 9695: 9689: 9685: 9681: 9677: 9673: 9669: 9665: 9660: 9656: 9654:9781138899018 9650: 9646: 9642: 9637: 9633: 9632: 9627: 9623: 9619: 9618: 9612: 9608: 9606:9789004293816 9602: 9598: 9594: 9589: 9585: 9584: 9578: 9574: 9570: 9566: 9561: 9558:(1): 115–131. 9557: 9553: 9549: 9544: 9540: 9539: 9534: 9530: 9526: 9522: 9515: 9510: 9506: 9504:9784770016508 9500: 9496: 9495: 9489: 9485: 9483:9788872103210 9479: 9475: 9474: 9468: 9464: 9460: 9456: 9452: 9448: 9444: 9439: 9435: 9429: 9425: 9421: 9416: 9412: 9410:9781138899018 9406: 9402: 9398: 9393: 9389: 9387:9781138899018 9383: 9379: 9375: 9370: 9366: 9364:9780520292451 9360: 9356: 9355: 9349: 9345: 9343:9780754667254 9339: 9335: 9331: 9326: 9322: 9321: 9315: 9311: 9309:9780521811132 9305: 9301: 9297: 9293: 9288: 9284: 9282:9781586172824 9278: 9274: 9273: 9268: 9264: 9260: 9258:9789042914186 9254: 9250: 9246: 9241: 9237: 9235:9783447057875 9231: 9227: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9204: 9200: 9193: 9189: 9185: 9181: 9180: 9175: 9171: 9167: 9165:9780631135562 9161: 9157: 9156: 9150: 9146: 9145: 9140: 9139:Mooken, Aprem 9136: 9132: 9131: 9126: 9125:Mooken, Aprem 9122: 9118: 9116:9780802846808 9112: 9108: 9104: 9099: 9095: 9089: 9085: 9084: 9079: 9075: 9071: 9069:9781138899018 9065: 9061: 9057: 9052: 9048: 9047: 9041: 9037: 9030: 9025: 9021: 9017: 9013: 9008: 9004: 9002:9783161509674 8998: 8994: 8993: 8987: 8983: 8982: 8976: 8972: 8968: 8967:"St. Ephraem" 8963: 8959: 8955: 8951: 8946: 8942: 8940:9781783685776 8936: 8932: 8931: 8925: 8921: 8919:9782503510354 8915: 8911: 8910: 8904: 8900: 8898:9781136314841 8894: 8890: 8886: 8881: 8877: 8873: 8870:(177): 5–25. 8869: 8865: 8860: 8856: 8850: 8846: 8845: 8840: 8836: 8832: 8830:9780061472800 8826: 8822: 8821: 8816: 8812: 8808: 8806:9783643506160 8802: 8798: 8797: 8791: 8787: 8785:9781317878995 8781: 8777: 8776: 8771: 8767: 8763: 8759: 8755: 8751: 8747: 8743: 8739: 8734: 8730: 8728:9781725202399 8724: 8720: 8719: 8714: 8710: 8706: 8702: 8700:9780919891906 8696: 8692: 8691: 8685: 8681: 8679:9780748604555 8675: 8671: 8670: 8665: 8661: 8657: 8653: 8648: 8644: 8642:9780199369041 8638: 8634: 8630: 8625: 8622:(2): 235–264. 8621: 8617: 8610: 8605: 8601: 8599:9783170176683 8595: 8591: 8588:. Stuttgart: 8587: 8586: 8580: 8570:on 2021-06-19 8566: 8562: 8558: 8551: 8546: 8536:on 2021-06-19 8532: 8528: 8524: 8517: 8512: 8508: 8504: 8500: 8495: 8491: 8487: 8486: 8481: 8477: 8473: 8469: 8462: 8457: 8453: 8451:9780199212880 8447: 8443: 8442: 8437: 8433: 8429: 8428: 8423: 8419: 8415: 8413:9780198263777 8409: 8405: 8404: 8398: 8394: 8392:9780521027007 8388: 8384: 8383: 8377: 8373: 8372: 8366: 8362: 8360:9780312233389 8356: 8352: 8351: 8346: 8342: 8338: 8336:9780813229652 8332: 8328: 8327: 8322: 8318: 8314: 8312:9783515057189 8308: 8304: 8300: 8296: 8292: 8288: 8286:9783515057189 8282: 8278: 8277: 8272: 8268: 8264: 8262:9780860780519 8258: 8254: 8253: 8248: 8244: 8234:on 2021-06-19 8230: 8226: 8222: 8215: 8211: 8207: 8197:on 2021-06-19 8193: 8189: 8185: 8178: 8174: 8170: 8166: 8165: 8160: 8156: 8152: 8148: 8144: 8140: 8136: 8133:(3): 729–784. 8132: 8128: 8124: 8119: 8116:(2): 353–402. 8115: 8111: 8107: 8102: 8098: 8094: 8090: 8084: 8080: 8076: 8072: 8068: 8064: 8062:9783805005340 8058: 8054: 8053: 8047: 8043: 8041:9780313320538 8037: 8033: 8032: 8026: 8022: 8020:9780192802903 8016: 8012: 8011: 8005: 8001: 7999:9783447042871 7995: 7991: 7990: 7984: 7980: 7976: 7972: 7968: 7964: 7959: 7955: 7953:9780198267447 7949: 7945: 7944: 7938: 7934: 7930: 7926: 7922: 7918: 7914: 7909: 7905: 7903:9789042905405 7899: 7895: 7894: 7888: 7884: 7880: 7876: 7872: 7867: 7863: 7859: 7854: 7847: 7846: 7841: 7837: 7833: 7831:9789042931640 7827: 7823: 7819: 7814: 7810: 7806: 7801: 7797: 7793: 7790:(1–2): 9–66. 7789: 7785: 7780: 7776: 7774:9780913573815 7770: 7766: 7765: 7759: 7755: 7751: 7747: 7743: 7739: 7735: 7731: 7729:9780754659082 7725: 7721: 7720: 7715: 7711: 7707: 7705:9780815330714 7701: 7697: 7693: 7689: 7685: 7681: 7677: 7673: 7669: 7662: 7658: 7654: 7650: 7648:9780860783053 7644: 7640: 7639: 7634: 7630: 7626: 7624:9780521667388 7620: 7616: 7615: 7609: 7605: 7601: 7597: 7592: 7588: 7586:9781463216153 7582: 7578: 7574: 7570: 7566: 7562: 7557: 7553: 7551:9781107432987 7547: 7543: 7542: 7537: 7533: 7529: 7527:9788872102626 7523: 7519: 7518: 7513: 7509: 7505: 7504: 7498: 7494: 7492:9781845111151 7488: 7484: 7483: 7477: 7473: 7471:9781134430192 7467: 7463: 7462: 7457: 7453: 7452:Baum, Wilhelm 7449: 7445: 7443:9780790544823 7439: 7435: 7434: 7429: 7425: 7421: 7420: 7415: 7411: 7407: 7403: 7399: 7395: 7394: 7389: 7385: 7381: 7380: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7366: 7361: 7357: 7353: 7352: 7347: 7343: 7339: 7338: 7333: 7329: 7325: 7323:9781604975833 7319: 7315: 7314: 7309: 7305: 7304: 7291: 7286: 7280: 7275: 7268: 7263: 7256: 7251: 7244: 7239: 7232: 7227: 7220: 7215: 7208: 7203: 7196: 7191: 7184: 7179: 7172: 7167: 7161:, p. 25. 7160: 7155: 7153: 7145: 7140: 7133: 7128: 7122:, p. 24. 7121: 7116: 7114: 7106: 7101: 7094: 7089: 7082: 7077: 7075: 7073: 7071: 7063: 7058: 7051: 7046: 7039: 7034: 7032: 7024: 7019: 7012: 7007: 7001:, p. 37. 7000: 6995: 6988: 6983: 6976: 6971: 6965:, p. 23. 6964: 6959: 6957: 6949: 6944: 6942: 6934: 6933:Assemani 1725 6929: 6923: 6921: 6915: 6910: 6903: 6898: 6896: 6889: 6887: 6880: 6878: 6870: 6865: 6859:, p. 22. 6858: 6853: 6851: 6844:, p. 21. 6843: 6838: 6832:, p. 19. 6831: 6826: 6819: 6814: 6807: 6802: 6795: 6790: 6784: 6782: 6775: 6773: 6765: 6760: 6754:, p. 66. 6753: 6748: 6742:, p. 71. 6741: 6736: 6729: 6724: 6718:, p. 97. 6717: 6712: 6705: 6700: 6693: 6688: 6681: 6676: 6669: 6664: 6649:on 2015-03-29 6648: 6644: 6640: 6634: 6618: 6611: 6596:on 2015-02-26 6595: 6591: 6585: 6577: 6571: 6567: 6566: 6558: 6556: 6548: 6543: 6537: 6533: 6526: 6524: 6516: 6503: 6499: 6493: 6487:, p. 53. 6486: 6481: 6475:, p. 52. 6474: 6469: 6467: 6459: 6454: 6445: 6440: 6436: 6432: 6428: 6424: 6417: 6410: 6402: 6396: 6392: 6391: 6384: 6376: 6370: 6366: 6365: 6357: 6348: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6331: 6327: 6320: 6313: 6298: 6294: 6288: 6282: 6277: 6263: 6259: 6252: 6246: 6240: 6234: 6230: 6227: 6224:Rémi Brague, 6221: 6214: 6210: 6208:9780226070803 6204: 6200: 6193: 6186: 6181: 6174: 6169: 6163:, p. 33. 6162: 6157: 6150: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6129: 6123:, p. 14. 6122: 6117: 6110: 6105: 6099:, p. 73. 6098: 6093: 6086: 6081: 6074: 6069: 6062: 6057: 6050: 6045: 6038: 6032: 6025: 6020: 6013: 6008: 6002:, p. 61. 6001: 5996: 5990:, p. 15. 5989: 5988:Roberson 1999 5984: 5977: 5972: 5965: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5947: 5942: 5935: 5930: 5923: 5918: 5916: 5908: 5903: 5896: 5895:Chaumont 1988 5891: 5883: 5882: 5877: 5871: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5824: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5789: 5784: 5778: 5764: 5760: 5753: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5700: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5661: 5659: 5657: 5648: 5641: 5634: 5627: 5622: 5615: 5610: 5608: 5600: 5592: 5588: 5587: 5579: 5571: 5565: 5558: 5553: 5551: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5516: 5509: 5507: 5500: 5495: 5489:, p. 34. 5488: 5483: 5476: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5459: 5454: 5448: 5446: 5439: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5400: 5394: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5376: 5374: 5367: 5361:, p. 14. 5360: 5355: 5348: 5343: 5341: 5339: 5331: 5326: 5319: 5314: 5307: 5302: 5295: 5290: 5288: 5280: 5275: 5268: 5263: 5255: 5249: 5245: 5244: 5236: 5229: 5224: 5217: 5212: 5205: 5200: 5193: 5189: 5184: 5177: 5173: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5150: 5145: 5139:, p. 63. 5138: 5133: 5126: 5121: 5114: 5109: 5102: 5097: 5095:9780852446331 5091: 5087: 5080: 5072: 5068: 5062: 5056:2017 edition. 5055: 5051: 5047: 5044: 5039: 5032: 5027: 5019: 5013: 5009: 5008: 5000: 4992: 4985: 4978: 4973: 4967:, p. 42. 4966: 4961: 4954: 4949: 4942: 4937: 4935: 4925: 4919: 4911: 4907: 4901: 4892: 4886: 4878: 4876:9781088234327 4872: 4868: 4867: 4859: 4857: 4849: 4844: 4837: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4820: 4815: 4808: 4797: 4796: 4789: 4782: 4777: 4770: 4759: 4758: 4750: 4748: 4741:, p. 13. 4740: 4735: 4728: 4723: 4717:, p. 11. 4716: 4711: 4704: 4699: 4691: 4689:9783161503047 4685: 4681: 4680: 4672: 4665: 4660: 4658: 4649: 4648: 4640: 4634:, p. 15. 4633: 4628: 4621: 4616: 4614: 4606: 4601: 4599:9780520299191 4595: 4591: 4590: 4582: 4575: 4563: 4559: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4472: 4458: 4452: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4431: 4424: 4418: 4414: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4334: 4327: 4323: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4304: 4302: 4298: 4292: 4288: 4278: 4276: 4272: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4241: 4236: 4235:authorities. 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4200: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4167: 4165: 4161: 4153: 4148: 4139: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4116:Yahballaha IV 4112: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4097: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4073: 4070: 4065: 4061: 4056: 4052: 4047: 4041: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4006: 4004: 3998: 3992: 3987: 3986:Cum Nos Nuper 3983: 3980:gave him the 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3960: 3956: 3951: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3916: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3894: 3889: 3886: 3880: 3871: 3864: 3854: 3853: 3849: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3826: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3756:to the east, 3755: 3752:to the west, 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3718:Malabar Coast 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3694: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3674: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3625: 3616: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3589:Mongol Empire 3586: 3577: 3572: 3562: 3559: 3555: 3550: 3548: 3544: 3539: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3526: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3474: 3464: 3462: 3457: 3455: 3454:Sigiriya Rock 3444: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3408: 3404: 3401:. After the 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3375: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3322:community of 3321: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3294:Catalan Atlas 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3271: 3261: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3238:Malabar Coast 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3201: 3192: 3190: 3186: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3102: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3067: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3016: 3015: 3010: 3006: 2998: 2993: 2985: 2976: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2946:metropolitans 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2909: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2879: 2875: 2870: 2866: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2807: 2803: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2760: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2679:: an ancient 2678: 2674: 2665: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2640: 2639: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2579: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2560: 2558: 2554: 2549: 2547: 2543: 2536: 2532: 2525:Early history 2518: 2511: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2491: 2486: 2485: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2457: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2433: 2428: 2421: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2401: 2396: 2393:, Iraq, 1499. 2392: 2385: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2361: 2356: 2352: 2345: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2321: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2297: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2278: 2273: 2270: 2266: 2260: 2255: 2254: 2253: 2251: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2239: 2234: 2230: 2224: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2193: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2165: 2161: 2156: 2154: 2150: 2149:rise of Islam 2146: 2142: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2109:New Testament 2105: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2082:Old Testament 2078: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2030: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1938: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1903: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1887: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1864: 1859: 1858: 1853: 1852: 1846: 1841: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1823: 1822:Book of Union 1819: 1815: 1810: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1775: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1752: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1734: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1697: 1692: 1688: 1678: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1647: 1645: 1641: 1640:Malabar Coast 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1567:), among the 1566: 1562: 1557: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1538:Theologically 1535: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1492:Mother of God 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1454: 1450: 1443: 1442: 1435: 1432: 1424: 1421: 1416: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1381: 1374: 1371: 1366: 1359: 1352: 1345: 1338: 1331: 1324: 1319: 1312: 1305: 1297: 1295:Protestantism 1288: 1287: 1279: 1278: 1268: 1263: 1261: 1256: 1254: 1249: 1248: 1241: 1235: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1200: 1198: 1194: 1193:Malabar Coast 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1175:, the rising 1174: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1158: 1157:Mongol Empire 1154: 1150: 1146: 1145:Turkic tribes 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1089: 1083: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1072:anathematized 1068: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1026:Apostolic Age 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 998: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 967:patriarchates 964: 960: 957:. During the 956: 952: 949: 944: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 886: 885: 872: 868: 856: 851: 849: 844: 842: 837: 836: 834: 833: 828: 825: 824: 823: 822: 815: 812: 810: 807: 806: 802: 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 778: 771: 770: 762: 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 738: 731: 730: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 703: 696: 695: 687: 684: 682: 679: 677: 674: 672: 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 646:Monothelitism 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 631:Caesaropapism 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 611:Monophysitism 609: 607: 604: 602: 599: 598: 591: 590: 582: 579: 575: 572: 571: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 553: 550: 548: 545: 544: 543: 540: 536: 533: 531: 528: 527: 526: 523: 522: 515: 514: 507: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 450: 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 426: 423: 418: 417: 410: 407: 405: 404:Old Believers 402: 401: 395: 394: 385: 381: 376: 373: 371: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 331: 328: 326: 323: 322: 316: 315: 311: 307: 306: 303: 300: 299: 295: 291: 290: 282: 280:Other name(s) 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 251: 248: 246:Branched from 244: 241: 236: 231: 227: 224: 219: 216: 212: 208: 203: 200: 196: 192: 187: 184: 180: 177: 173: 169: 165: 162: 158: 155: 152: 148: 145: 142: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 113: 110: 106: 103: 100: 96: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 72:Ruins of the 69: 64: 60: 52: 47: 44: 40: 33: 19: 17441:Christianity 17409:Ethnic Kurds 16856:Qara Qoyunlu 16770: 16719:(312–63 BCE) 16450:Christianity 16220: 16015:Architecture 15909:Confirmation 15857:Ecclesiology 15788:Original sin 15778:Nicene Creed 15686: 15575:Old Catholic 15459:Papal States 15391:Great Church 15357:Resurrection 15299:Christianity 15256:New Covenant 15207:(Scriptures) 15152:Christianity 15021:Charismatics 15004: 14983:Gospel music 14913:Camp meeting 14905:1789–present 14837:Missionaries 14807: 14800: 14791:Menno Simons 14735: 14731:Church music 14582: 14553: 14438:Conciliarism 14423:Papal Schism 14265:Scandinavian 14157:Great Schism 14135:Nestorianism 14124: 14107:Christianity 14039:priest holes 13920:Chalcedonian 13883:Christianity 13837:Great Church 13645:Resurrection 13427: 13341:Great Church 13272: 13206:(1341–1351)* 13201: 13191: 12832:Nestorianism 12827:Dyophysitism 12822:Miaphysitism 12812:Apophaticism 12776:Deuterocanon 12632: 12621:Paulicianism 12611:Nestorianism 12584:Roman Empire 12558:Hagia Sophia 12553: 12175: 12010:Qube d'Arzun 11975:Piroz Shabur 11803:Hesna d'Kifa 11678:Beth Rahimaï 11673:Beth Nuhadra 11668:Beth Moksaye 11395:Time periods 11369: 11285: 11276: 11272: 11263: 11259: 11250: 11246: 11245:Shemʿon II ( 11232: 11110:Israel (961) 11072: 10985: 10905: 10805: 10786: 10767: 10722: 10574:(Liturgical) 10481:Elias Mellus 10441:Bar Hebraeus 10401:Paul the Jew 10225: 10115: 10109: 10108: 10042:, legacy of 9976: 9955: 9932: 9909: 9885: 9864: 9843: 9823: 9809: 9785: 9772: 9768: 9755: 9751: 9738: 9734: 9721: 9717: 9693: 9683: 9667: 9663: 9644: 9630: 9616: 9596: 9582: 9572: 9568: 9555: 9551: 9537: 9524: 9520: 9493: 9472: 9446: 9442: 9423: 9400: 9377: 9353: 9333: 9319: 9299: 9271: 9248: 9225: 9202: 9198: 9178: 9154: 9143: 9129: 9106: 9082: 9059: 9045: 9035: 9019: 9015: 8991: 8980: 8970: 8957: 8953: 8929: 8908: 8888: 8867: 8863: 8843: 8819: 8795: 8774: 8745: 8741: 8717: 8689: 8668: 8664:Hill, Donald 8655: 8632: 8619: 8615: 8584: 8572:. Retrieved 8565:the original 8560: 8556: 8538:. Retrieved 8531:the original 8526: 8522: 8506: 8502: 8489: 8484: 8471: 8467: 8440: 8426: 8402: 8381: 8370: 8349: 8325: 8302: 8275: 8251: 8236:. Retrieved 8229:the original 8224: 8220: 8199:. Retrieved 8192:the original 8187: 8183: 8163: 8150: 8146: 8130: 8126: 8113: 8109: 8074: 8051: 8030: 8009: 7988: 7970: 7966: 7942: 7916: 7912: 7892: 7874: 7870: 7861: 7844: 7821: 7808: 7787: 7783: 7763: 7754:the original 7749: 7745: 7718: 7695: 7674:(3): 23–35. 7671: 7667: 7637: 7613: 7603: 7599: 7568: 7564: 7540: 7516: 7502: 7481: 7460: 7432: 7418: 7405: 7392: 7378: 7364: 7350: 7336: 7312: 7285: 7274: 7269:, p. 1. 7262: 7250: 7238: 7226: 7214: 7202: 7190: 7178: 7166: 7139: 7127: 7100: 7088: 7057: 7045: 7018: 7006: 6994: 6982: 6970: 6928: 6919: 6913: 6909: 6885: 6869:Lemmens 1926 6864: 6837: 6825: 6813: 6801: 6789: 6780: 6759: 6747: 6735: 6723: 6716:Jackson 2014 6711: 6704:Moffett 1999 6699: 6692:Stewart 1928 6687: 6680:Stewart 1928 6675: 6663: 6651:. Retrieved 6647:the original 6642: 6633: 6621:. Retrieved 6610: 6598:. Retrieved 6594:the original 6584: 6564: 6545: 6531: 6513: 6506:. Retrieved 6501: 6492: 6480: 6453: 6426: 6422: 6409: 6389: 6383: 6363: 6356: 6329: 6325: 6312: 6301:. Retrieved 6287: 6276: 6265:. Retrieved 6261: 6251: 6243:Britannica, 6239: 6220: 6212: 6198: 6192: 6180: 6168: 6156: 6138: 6128: 6121:Stewart 1928 6116: 6109:Stewart 1928 6104: 6092: 6085:Reinink 1995 6080: 6068: 6061:Labourt 1909 6056: 6049:Tajadod 1993 6044: 6036: 6031: 6019: 6007: 5995: 5983: 5971: 5961: 5953: 5948:, p. 1. 5941: 5929: 5902: 5890: 5880: 5870: 5840:(1): 72–93. 5837: 5833: 5823: 5787: 5777: 5766:. Retrieved 5752: 5713: 5709: 5699: 5674: 5670: 5646: 5633: 5621: 5598: 5590: 5585: 5578: 5564: 5537:. Retrieved 5525: 5521: 5494: 5482: 5453: 5444: 5438: 5413: 5409: 5399: 5390: 5381: 5372: 5366: 5354: 5349:, p. 4. 5330:Winkler 2003 5325: 5313: 5301: 5274: 5262: 5242: 5235: 5223: 5211: 5199: 5191: 5183: 5175: 5144: 5132: 5120: 5108: 5099: 5085: 5079: 5070: 5061: 5053: 5038: 5026: 5006: 4999: 4990: 4984: 4972: 4960: 4948: 4923: 4918: 4905: 4900: 4890: 4885: 4865: 4843: 4838:, p. 4. 4814: 4806: 4800:. Retrieved 4794: 4788: 4776: 4768: 4762:. Retrieved 4756: 4734: 4722: 4710: 4705:, p. 8. 4698: 4678: 4671: 4646: 4639: 4632:Stewart 1928 4627: 4622:, p. 2. 4603: 4588: 4581: 4573: 4566:. Retrieved 4490: 4451: 4430: 4417: 4324: 4305: 4294: 4237: 4206: 4183: 4168: 4157: 4150:The ancient 4120:Heleen Murre 4113: 4098: 4079: 4023:Hesna d'Kifa 4007: 3985: 3969: 3961: 3952: 3866: 3832: 3823:Ming dynasty 3819:Yuan dynasty 3784:, northeast 3780:, southeast 3732:, including 3695: 3680: 3642: 3605:Yuan dynasty 3593:Genghis Khan 3582: 3554:Yuan dynasty 3551: 3540: 3515:Tang dynasty 3492: 3458: 3450: 3427:(modern day 3395:Latin Church 3379:Prester John 3376: 3344:Ishoyahb III 3317: 3301: 3222:Central Asia 3206: 3103: 3068: 3048:Tang dynasty 3040:Central Asia 3012: 3002: 2979:Islamic rule 2966: 2962:Indian Ocean 2910: 2883: 2824: 2764:Roman Empire 2761: 2698: 2643: 2636: 2626: 2599: 2595:Roman Empire 2580: 2562:In 410, the 2561: 2553:Near Eastern 2550: 2538: 2535:Nestorianism 2247: 2236: 2229:ringed cross 2194: 2157: 2138: 2106: 2079: 2039:Syriac Bible 2032: 1990: 1939: 1920: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1888: 1861: 1855: 1849: 1839: 1821: 1811: 1799:Eutychianism 1793:theology of 1776: 1772: 1751:Christotokos 1749: 1731: 1704:Nestorianism 1702: 1687:Nestorianism 1648: 1620:Ming dynasty 1617: 1601:Central Asia 1577:Tang dynasty 1558: 1536: 1531: 1508:Roman Empire 1473: 1441:Great Church 1439: 1427: 1422: 1414: 1406: 1402:Great Schism 1396: 1372: 1362: 1284: 1275: 1201: 1195:(modern-day 1164:Central Asia 1161: 1153:Tang dynasty 1086: 1084: 1069: 1061:Nestorianism 1049:Roman Empire 1041:Great Church 1038: 1008:through the 999: 948:pre-Sasanian 945: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 883: 866: 864: 774:Other topics 671:Paulicianism 656:Dyothelitism 641:Monoenergism 621:Dyophysitism 616:Miaphysitism 606:Nestorianism 374: 218:Jesus Christ 198:Headquarters 168:Central Asia 131:Nestorianism 55: 43: 17468:Immigration 17215:New Zealand 17210:Netherlands 16974:Settlements 16887:(1555–1917) 16864:(1453–1501) 16858:(1375–1468) 16852:(1335–1432) 16846:(1258–1335) 16840:(1098–1268) 16801:Middle ages 16741:Roman Syria 16735:Syrian Wars 16372:Middle East 16276:Persecution 16211:Christendom 16204:Cooperation 16141:Charismatic 16052:Holy Spirit 15961:Natural law 15924:Holy orders 15773:Christology 15766:Holy Spirit 15635:Pentecostal 15615:Evangelical 15610:Charismatic 15454:Monasticism 15446:Middle Ages 15409:Constantine 15352:Crucifixion 15234:Foundations 15110:Catholicism 15047:Protestants 15041:Evangelical 14716:39 Articles 14711:Elizabethan 14688:Anglicanism 14668:Westminster 14578:Melanchthon 14541:Lutheranism 14506:Nicodemites 14484:Arminianism 14455:Reformation 14396:Bonaventure 14371:Inquisition 14366:Waldensians 14316:Investiture 14294:Kievan Rus' 14250:Anglo-Saxon 14230:Pelagianism 14222:Middle Ages 14145:Iconodulism 14020:Thomas More 13941:Catholicism 13863:Monasticism 13846:Constantine 13771:Persecution 13729:Adoptionism 13714:Ante-Nicene 13657:Holy Spirit 13640:Crucifixion 13611:Origins and 13512:2nd and 3rd 13259:Ephesus III 13161:(1962–1965) 13153:(1869–1870) 13145:(1545–1563) 13137:(1512–1517) 13121:(1414–1418) 13113:(1311–1312) 13079:Lateran III 12908:Iconography 12882:Metousiosis 12741:2018 schism 12736:1996 schism 12434:South India 12426:East Africa 12414:Middle East 12020:Ram Hormizd 11818:Hrbath Glal 11693:Beth Zabdaï 11648:Beth Daraye 11449:Beth Huzaye 11444:Beth Garmaï 11008:Surin (753) 10864:Maʿna (420) 10501:Thoma Darmo 10364:Key figures 10303:Nestorian ( 10105:, legacy of 10103:East Syriac 10040:West Syriac 9155:The Mongols 7267:Joseph 2000 6161:Foster 1939 6012:Foster 1939 5614:Baumer 2006 5557:Baumer 2006 5487:Foster 1939 5188:"Nestorius" 5172:"Nestorian" 4965:Joseph 2000 4922:Procopius, 4889:Procopius, 4444:Yazdegerd I 4256:area. When 4246:(XIII) Isho 4086:Simon Peter 4043:on VII Isho 3994:on VII Isho 3912:on VII Isho 3882:on VII Isho 3798:Black Death 3671: 1339 3528:II (773–80) 3513:during the 3060:archbishops 3036:Monophysite 3020:proselytise 2954:Persarmenia 2926:Mesopotamia 2890:Gundeshapur 2876:village of 2863:Mar Babai I 2851:Mesopotamia 2784:Barba'shmin 2782:(342), and 2772:Zoroastrian 2701:Mesopotamia 2542:Yazdegerd I 2475:crucifixion 2265:Palm Sunday 2186:Aurel Stein 2135:Iconography 2017:North China 1826:Christology 1458:ante-Nicene 1317:Lutheranism 1310:Anglicanism 1246:This box: 1187:and to the 1151:during the 951:Mesopotamia 875:ܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ 801:Monasticism 786:Christology 651:Dyoenergism 569:East Syriac 547:West Syriac 525:Alexandrian 256:Separations 240:Mesopotamia 164:Middle East 108:Orientation 57:ܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ 17567:Categories 17451:Irreligion 17414:Minorities 17098:Diyarbakır 17069:Tell Tamer 17064:Al-Hasakah 16960:By country 16872:Modern era 16862:Aq Qoyunlu 16834:(945–1055) 16828:(905–1383) 16822:(750–1258) 16637:(including 16613:Folk dance 16190:Prosperity 16166:Liberation 16106:Cathedrals 16091:Pilgrimage 16076:Literature 15953:Philosophy 15889:Sacraments 15862:Four marks 15823:Protestant 15798:Born again 15595:Anabaptist 15585:Protestant 15527:Influences 15489:Modern era 15193:By country 14832:Revivalism 14753:Anabaptism 14701:Henry VIII 14526:Literature 14150:Iconoclasm 14130:Chrysostom 14083:Vatican II 14049:Jansenists 14035:Mass rocks 13971:Lateran IV 13890:Athanasius 13810:Tertullian 13754:Marcionism 13749:Gnosticism 13702:Revelation 13620:Background 13251:Ephesus II 13159:Vatican II 13087:Lateran IV 13071:Lateran II 12918:Omophorion 12913:Asceticism 12867:Hypostasis 12852:Philokalia 12781:Septuagint 12754:Scriptures 12691:Ghassanids 12626:Bogomilism 12616:Iconoclasm 12517:Tolstoyans 12458:Communions 12430:Asia Minor 12176:(See also: 11924:Merw i-Rud 11688:Beth Waziq 11658:Beth Lapat 11653:Beth Dasen 11643:Beth Bgash 11573:Adarbaigan 11386:after the 11288:1450–1497) 11258:Eliya IV ( 10913:Paul (539) 10785:Yaʿqob I ( 10733:Until the 10719:Patriarchs 10426:John Maron 10325:Protestant 10184:Protestant 9966:382586796X 9775:: 187–234. 9758:: 263–316. 9670:: 449–525. 9527:: 107–123. 9433:9004101934 8960:: 227–235. 8854:9004116419 8574:2017-08-14 8540:2017-08-14 8474:: 261–277. 8238:2018-08-18 8201:2018-08-18 8097:1024004171 7290:Jakob 2014 6902:Habbi 1966 6643:Daily News 6541:0521243513 6303:2010-03-31 6267:2023-03-01 6097:Brock 2006 6073:Jugie 1935 5768:2023-03-01 5626:Drège 1992 5458:Brock 1996 5359:Brock 2006 5306:Payne 2009 5267:Brock 2006 5216:Brock 1999 5137:Foltz 1999 4953:Brock 2006 4941:Brock 1996 4802:2022-06-17 4764:2022-06-17 4739:Payne 2015 4727:Lange 2012 4715:Brock 2006 4703:Brock 2006 4529:2012021755 4221:Diyarbakır 4164:Eliya VIII 4132:Lake Urmia 4015:Diyarbakır 3950:(1550–5). 3944:Franciscan 3738:Diyarbakır 3656:Franciscan 3631:(1350) in 3558:Marco Polo 3420:Carmelites 3383:Portuguese 3368:Cranganore 3360:Archdeacon 3185:Christians 3178:physicians 3162:Bar Daisan 3126:philosophy 3069:Patriarch 3064:Oxus River 2753:Catholicos 2614:hypostasis 2568:Catholicos 2529:See also: 2477:, and the 2471:empty tomb 2447:Semirechye 2307:Estrangela 2201:Estrangela 2102:Septuagint 2023:Scriptures 1997:Beth Lapat 1982:consecrate 1937:was used. 1931:Catholicos 1874:dyophysite 1863:hypostasis 1803:Khosrow II 1791:Miaphysite 1520:Alexandria 1303:Anabaptism 1226:Background 1216:Shimun VII 1199:, India). 1169:Timur Leng 1095:after the 1055:condemned 1051:until the 935:) and the 699:Traditions 676:Bogomilism 661:Iconoclasm 542:Antiochene 209:(775–1317) 17458:Education 17419:Languages 17289:Dawronoye 17220:Palestine 17150:Australia 17123:Tur Abdin 17003:Tel Keppe 16923:(1914–20) 16911:(19th c.) 16893:(16th c.) 16881:(1508–55) 16844:Ilkhanate 16793:(502–628) 16787:(226–651) 16785:Asoristan 16755:(116–118) 16710:antiquity 16708:Classical 16641:contexts) 16538:languages 16266:Criticism 16216:Ecumenism 16180:Mysticism 16146:Democracy 16136:Anarchism 16123:Movements 16086:Mythology 16064:Catechism 16059:Education 15976:Evolution 15899:Eucharist 15882:Canon law 15840:Theotokos 15835:Mariology 15793:Salvation 15783:Tradition 15630:Methodist 15590:Adventist 15424:Chalcedon 14998:Ecumenism 14948:Adventism 14938:Mormonism 14874:Millerism 14869:Methodism 14824:1640–1789 14726:Civil War 14673:Orthodoxy 14628:Huguenots 14610:Calvinism 14595:Eucharist 14590:Orthodoxy 14474:Eucharist 14406:Five Ways 14356:Dulcinian 14309:Pomerania 14235:Gregory I 14079:Vatican I 14069:Modernism 14054:Molinists 14044:Guadalupe 13915:Chalcedon 13910:Ephesus I 13900:Augustine 13776:Apostolic 13759:Montanism 13724:Diversity 13500:Centuries 13194:(879–880) 13151:Vatican I 13135:Lateran V 13119:Constance 13063:Lateran I 13057:(869–870) 13025:Nicaea II 13019:(680–681) 13001:Chalcedon 12862:Theotokos 12802:Hesychasm 12607:Heresies 12449:divisions 12071:Shahrgard 11898:Masabadan 11833:Jerusalem 11713:Darabgard 11623:Aïn Sipne 11593:Al-Rustaq 11578:Al-Bariya 11547:Samarqand 10740:Full list 10515:Languages 10381:Nestorius 10222:legacy of 10159:Nestorian 9769:Angelicum 9752:Le Muséon 9735:Angelicum 9269:(2010) . 8772:(2014) . 8762:161756931 8249:(1979) . 8212:(1970c). 8175:(1970b). 8161:(1970a). 8073:(1992) . 7038:Hage 2007 6999:Fiey 1993 6740:Fiey 1993 6728:Luke 1924 6668:Ding 2006 6245:Nestorian 6185:Hill 1993 6173:Fiey 1993 5976:Fiey 1967 5907:Hill 1988 5854:0042-6032 5815:123079516 5797:Doubleday 5783:Chua, Amy 5744:170249994 5736:1817-7530 5683:0008-9192 5228:Wood 2013 5204:Kuhn 2019 4977:Wood 2013 4906:Chronicle 4893:, I.7.1–2 4819:Fiey 1994 4537:160590164 4495:New Haven 4467:Citations 4297:Eliya XII 4271:Joseph IV 4262:Eliya XII 4244:Eliya XII 4238:In 1771, 4160:Eliya VII 3726:Lakes Van 3706:Kurdistan 3691:Ilkhanate 3660:Famagusta 3648:Jerusalem 3633:Famagusta 3613:Ilkhanate 3519:patriarch 3447:Sri Lanka 3348:Timothy I 3195:Expansion 3191:dynasty. 3189:Bukhtishu 3170:Nestorius 3156:(such as 3142:Masawaiyh 3132:(such as 3071:Timothy I 2958:Dioscoris 2898:Khosrau I 2886:Ctesiphon 2809:Assyrian 2768:Shapur II 2749:Ctesiphon 2713:Asōristān 2638:Theotokos 2633:Nestorius 2583:Pentarchy 2479:Ascension 2351:Pentecost 2205:Tur Abdin 2178:Khanbaliq 2174:Sultaniya 2160:Samarkand 2063:Maronites 1974:provinces 1954:presbyter 1935:Patriarch 1891:Nestorius 1733:Theotokos 1716:Nestorius 1665:with the 1528:Jerusalem 1484:Nestorius 1057:Nestorius 1045:communion 1043:, shared 981:based in 888:) or the 761:Maronites 681:Hesychasm 626:Henotikon 564:Byzantine 552:Malankara 343:Ethiopian 204:(410–775) 144:Episcopal 86:destroyed 17431:Religion 17266:Politics 17137:Diaspora 17118:Mazıdağı 17074:Qamishli 17047:Sanandaj 17020:Shaqlawa 17008:Bartella 16993:Qaraqosh 16969:Homeland 16767:(5th c.) 16749:(15–116) 16747:Adiabene 16694:Arameans 16649:Ancient 16623:Clothing 16565:Hertevin 16380:Identity 16320:Category 16185:Pacifism 15999:features 15983:Politics 15936:Ablution 15904:Marriage 15808:Catholic 15738:Theology 15645:Reformed 15625:Lutheran 15620:Holiness 15600:Anglican 15570:Catholic 15474:Crusades 15419:Nicaea I 15369:Apostles 15342:Miracles 15337:Parables 15327:Ministry 15317:Nativity 15281:timeline 15178:Prophets 15173:Glossary 15090:Theology 15078:Missions 15073:Timeline 15045:Mainline 14993:Pacifism 14842:Baptists 14761:Theology 14721:Puritans 14696:Timeline 14638:Scotland 14566:Theology 14413:Wycliffe 14361:Crusades 14336:Bogomils 14289:Bulgaria 14245:Germanic 14197:Ethiopia 14095:Timeline 13873:Nicaea I 13868:Councils 13800:Irenaeus 13795:Ignatius 13790:Polycarp 13744:Donatism 13739:Docetism 13734:Arianism 13635:Ministry 13317:See also 13282:Nicaea I 13227:Nicaea I 12977:Nicaea I 12847:Phronema 12795:Theology 12786:Peshitta 12438:Far East 12320:Shemsdin 12215:Ardishai 12097:Shushter 12076:Shahrzur 12056:Segestan 11965:Nihawand 11949:Nahargur 11893:Marmadit 11868:Khanijar 11588:Al-Qabba 11497:Damascus 11439:Adiabene 11382:and the 11366:Dioceses 11073:intrusus 10986:intrusus 10908:(524–37) 10906:intrusus 10808:280–317) 10634:Arameans 10591:/Syriac 10582:See also 10542:Hertevin 10537:Garshuni 10376:Aphrahat 9953:(2003). 9807:(1929). 9783:(1910). 9678:(1931). 9628:(1993). 9535:(1937). 9463:23932289 9190:(1999). 9176:(1930). 9141:(1976). 9127:(1976). 9103:"Alopen" 9080:(1989). 9022:: 17–28. 8841:(2000). 8817:(2008). 8666:(1993). 8482:(1970). 8424:(1902). 8347:(1999). 8323:(2017). 8297:(1994). 8273:(1993). 8141:(1967). 7933:23958267 7842:(1902). 7740:(2007). 7716:(2006). 7690:(1999). 7659:(1996). 7635:(1992). 7606:: 31–39. 7538:(1908). 7514:(1933). 7458:(2003). 7430:(1852). 7416:(1852). 7404:(2004). 7390:(1775). 7376:(1728). 7362:(1725). 7348:(1721). 7334:(1719). 7310:(2008). 6653:2 August 6623:2 August 6600:6 August 6297:Archived 6229:Archived 5878:(1970). 5793:New York 5785:(2007). 5710:Scrinium 5691:41927279 5649:: 10–12. 5586:唐朝基督教之研究 5046:Archived 4926:, I.9.24 4330:See also 4258:Eliya XI 4240:Eliya XI 4197:Qochanis 4185:Eliya IX 3904:Eliya VI 3744:(modern 3736:(modern 3664:a church 3532:Chang'an 3522:Hnanisho 3503:Chang'an 3407:Padroado 3397:and its 3372:Mylapore 3182:Assyrian 3154:theology 2969:Lakhmids 2938:Hyrcania 2874:Assyrian 2835:Barsauma 2780:Shahdost 2745:Seleucia 2681:Assyrian 2658:Barsauma 2591:Dadishoʿ 2213:aniconic 2197:Peshitta 2164:Armenian 2073:and the 2035:Peshitta 2029:Peshitta 1966:dioceses 1942:ordained 1851:prosopon 1673:and the 1667:Holy See 1634:and the 1605:Anatolia 1597:Mongolia 1581:dioceses 1323:Reformed 1177:Buddhist 1117:dioceses 993:are two 985:and the 973:and the 751:Assyrian 666:Filioque 601:Arianism 559:Armenian 380:Assyrian 351:Armenian 347:Eritrean 294:a series 292:Part of 271:and the 172:Far East 118:Theology 92:in 2014. 17473:Poverty 17446:Judaism 17252:Uruguay 17245:Detroit 17200:Lebanon 17180:Germany 17175:Georgia 17165:Finland 17155:Belgium 17145:Armenia 17093:Hakkari 16947:(2014–) 16941:(2003–) 16929:(1919–) 16899:(1840s) 16729:Osroene 16651:Assyria 16639:related 16633:History 16618:Cuisine 16590:Culture 16531:Aramaic 16518:(1968–) 16512:(1692–) 16506:(1552–) 16487:(1940–) 16481:(1870–) 16475:(1662–) 16249:Related 16042:Trinity 16007:Culture 15971:Science 15941:Hygiene 15931:Mission 15914:Penance 15894:Baptism 15830:Worship 15803:Liturgy 15751:Trinity 15662:Eastern 15640:Quakers 15605:Baptist 15562:Western 15552:members 15322:Baptism 15276:History 15266:Worship 15168:Outline 15083:Martyrs 14879:Pietism 14809:Ausbund 14781:Müntzer 14706:Cranmer 14653:Baptism 14618:Zwingli 14469:Erasmus 14418:Avignon 14401:Aquinas 14391:Francis 14386:Dominic 14346:Cathars 14341:Bosnian 14331:Bernard 14326:Abelard 14299:Moravia 14284:Bohemia 14270:Iceland 14192:Serbian 14172:Georgia 14167:Armenia 14105:Eastern 14006:Jesuits 13682:Gospels 13630:Baptism 13243:Ephesus 13103:Lyon II 12993:Ephesus 12891:Worship 12842:Theoria 12837:Theosis 12686:Melkite 12648:Mongols 12566:History 12412:in the 12300:Nisibis 12275:Hakkari 12270:Gazarta 12245:Berwari 12230:Amadiya 12122:Tamanon 12112:Taimana 12102:Soqotra 12092:Arabaye 12025:Ramonin 11970:Nineveh 11929:Meskene 11863:Kashkar 11828:Istakhr 11823:Ispahan 11773:Hamadan 11763:Haditha 11753:Gubeans 11728:Dinawar 11723:Delasar 11703:Dabarin 11603:Armenia 11459:Nisibis 11454:Maishan 11368:of the 10988:(691–3) 10904:Narsai 10721:of the 10461:Thoma I 9298:(ed.). 8153:: 3–22. 7396:. Roma. 6508:11 July 6431:Bibcode 6334:Bibcode 6332:: 4–5. 5862:1584359 5720:: 246. 5539:23 July 4568:27 June 4446:in 410. 4233:Ottoman 4179:pallium 4064:Amadiya 4055:Gazarta 4051:Nisibis 4019:Gazarta 3982:pallium 3843:Ottoman 3835:schisms 3829:Schisms 3807:Almaliq 3758:Hakkari 3716:on the 3708:and in 3687:Öljaitü 3677:Decline 3585:Mongols 3536:Luoyang 3300:reads: 3256:of the 3236:of the 3130:science 3106:Umayyad 3079:Armenia 3044:Tartars 2999:, Iraq. 2997:Samarra 2960:in the 2934:Bactria 2922:Socotra 2878:Geramon 2778:(341), 2654:Nisibis 2650:Babowai 2557:Judaism 2501:Luoyang 2469:at the 2443:Sogdian 2188:at the 2001:Nisibis 1956:), and 1927:Persian 1921:At the 1845:parsopa 1740:") for 1649:In the 1642:in the 1638:of the 1587:to the 1569:Mongols 1532:Western 1524:Antioch 1191:in the 1181:Islamic 1139:), the 1004:of the 963:schisms 955:liturgy 908:or the 716:Russian 711:Melkite 574:Malabar 384:Ancient 355:Cilicia 214:Founder 207:Baghdad 182:Liturgy 59:‎ 17463:Health 17397:Topics 17309:Sutoro 17230:Sweden 17225:Russia 17205:Mexico 17195:Jordan 17190:Israel 17185:Greece 17170:France 17160:Canada 17113:Mardin 17103:Elazığ 17088:Turkey 17081:Khabur 17042:Salmas 17015:Ankawa 16998:Alqosh 16935:(1933) 16917:(1909) 16905:(1895) 16816:(630s) 16810:(630s) 16575:Mlaḥsô 16570:Senaya 16555:Turoyo 16535:Syriac 16469:(518–) 16448:Syriac 15966:Ethics 15847:Saints 15756:Father 15675:Church 15287:spread 15251:Gospel 15241:Church 15183:People 14771:Grebel 14623:Calvin 14549:Luther 14443:Synods 14321:Anselm 14304:Poland 14260:Gothic 14255:Franks 14240:Celtic 14207:Russia 14187:Syriac 14177:Greece 14064:Teresa 14011:Xavier 13949:Papacy 13895:Jerome 13815:Origen 13716:period 13491:Spread 13411:(2016) 13403:(1965) 13395:(1872) 13387:(1672) 13379:(1642) 13111:Vienne 13105:(1274) 13097:(1245) 13095:Lyon I 13089:(1215) 13081:(1179) 13073:(1139) 13065:(1123) 12857:Praxis 12723:Raskol 12330:Tuleki 12305:Salmas 12290:Mardin 12285:Kirkuk 12250:Cyprus 12200:Alqosh 12147:Ukbara 12127:Tirhan 12051:Salmas 12046:Salakh 12015:Radani 11990:Qaimar 11985:Pusang 11960:maniya 11883:Mardin 11873:Lashom 11858:Karman 11793:Hebton 11758:Gurgan 11748:Gawkaï 11743:Eshnuq 11708:Dairin 11638:Barhis 11583:Al-Kuj 11552:Tangut 11512:Hulwan 11492:Dailam 10804:Papa ( 10766:Mari ( 10572:Syriac 10567:Turoyo 10557:Senaya 10552:Mlaḥsô 10352:(2017) 10346:(1961) 10340:(1852) 10316:(1701) 10295:(1772) 10289:(1912) 10283:(1665) 10235:Kerala 10205:(1940) 10199:(1870) 10175:(1968) 10169:(1552) 10071:(1662) 9984: 9963: 9939: 9916: 9893: 9872: 9851: 9830: 9793: 9701: 9651: 9603: 9501: 9480: 9461: 9430: 9407: 9384: 9361: 9340: 9306: 9279: 9255: 9232: 9162: 9113: 9090: 9066: 8999: 8937: 8916: 8895: 8851: 8827: 8803: 8782: 8760: 8725: 8697: 8676: 8639: 8596: 8448: 8410: 8389: 8357: 8333: 8309: 8283: 8259: 8095: 8085: 8059: 8038: 8017: 7996: 7950: 7931: 7900: 7828: 7771: 7726: 7702: 7645: 7621: 7583: 7548: 7524: 7489: 7468: 7440: 7320: 6572: 6538: 6397: 6371: 6205: 6145: 5860: 5852: 5813: 5803: 5742: 5734: 5689: 5681: 5593:] 5430:592420 5428: 5416:: 81. 5250: 5092: 5014: 4873: 4686: 4596: 4535: 4527: 4519: 4509: 4499:London 4312:Uniate 4229:Mardin 4225:Joseph 4213:Persia 4193:Alqosh 4128:Salmas 4105:Alqosh 4031:Mardin 3940:Alqosh 3928:Salmas 3811:Tangut 3794:Cyprus 3782:Turkey 3770:Kirkuk 3762:Harran 3754:Salmas 3750:Edessa 3748:) and 3746:Mardin 3742:Mêrdîn 3637:Cyprus 3609:Ghazan 3601:Mongke 3597:Kerait 3507:Alopen 3497:. 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