Neolithic - Knowledge

2394: 1385: 2707:. Pre-agrarian diets varied by region, season, available local plant and animal resources and degree of pastoralism and hunting. Post-agrarian diet was restricted to a limited package of successfully cultivated cereal grains, plants and to a variable extent domesticated animals and animal products. Supplementation of diet by hunting and gathering was to variable degrees precluded by the increase in population above the carrying capacity of the land and a high sedentary local population concentration. In some cultures, there would have been a significant shift toward increased starch and plant protein. The relative nutritional benefits and drawbacks of these dietary changes and their overall impact on early societal development are still debated. 460: 1584: 634: 2618: 1292:, dated to around 9500 BC, may be regarded as the beginning of the period. This site was developed by nomadic hunter-gatherer tribes, as evidenced by the lack of permanent housing in the vicinity, and may be the oldest known human-made place of worship. At least seven stone circles, covering 25 acres (10 ha), contain limestone pillars carved with animals, insects, and birds. Stone tools were used by perhaps as many as hundreds of people to create the pillars, which might have supported roofs. Other early PPNA sites dating to around 9500–9000 BC have been found in 1925: 38: 2148: 2339: 1203: 2319: 1941: 2971: 2601: 7869:

Perhaps most importantly in a South Asian context, the role played by zebu makes this a distinctive, localised development, with a character completely different to other parts of the world. Finally, the longevity of the site, and its articulation with the neighbouring site of Nausharo (c. 2800–2000 BC), provides a very clear continuity from South Asia's first farming villages to the emergence of its first cities (Jarrige, 1984)."

2739: 792: 9523: 9513: 1565: 1737: 2517: 2700:. In instances where agriculture had become the predominant way of life, the sensitivity to these shortages could be particularly acute, affecting agrarian populations to an extent that otherwise may not have been routinely experienced by prior hunter-gatherer communities. Nevertheless, agrarian communities generally proved successful, and their growth and the expansion of territory under cultivation continued. 2963: 7924:, Quote: "(p 29) "The subcontinent's people were hunter-gatherers for many millennia. There were very few of them. Indeed, 10,000 years ago there may only have been a couple of hundred thousand people, living in small, often isolated groups, the descendants of various 'modern' human incomers. Then, perhaps linked to events in Mesopotamia, about 8,500 years ago agriculture emerged in Baluchistan." 1773:

wild plants" and suggests that these subsistence changes were not due to farmers migrating from the Near East but was an indigenous development, with cereals either indigenous or obtained through exchange. Other scholars argue that the primary stimulus for agriculture and domesticated animals (as well as mud-brick architecture and other Neolithic cultural features) in Egypt was from the Middle East.

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labor in preparing the land and selecting, planting, tending, and harvesting particular grain-producing plants. They also domesticated animals, including sheep, goats, pigs, and oxen (both humped zebu and unhumped ). Castrating oxen, for instance, turned them from mainly meat sources into domesticated draft-animals as well."

2231:, which may be the earliest farmland known to date in east Asia. "No remains of an agricultural field from the Neolithic period have been found in any East Asian country before, the institute said, adding that the discovery reveals that the history of agricultural cultivation at least began during the period on the 7868:

Quote: ""Mehrgarh remains one of the key sites in South Asia because it has provided the earliest known undisputed evidence for farming and pastoral communities in the region, and its plant and animal material provide clear evidence for the ongoing manipulation, and domestication, of certain species.

2082:. This was followed by a population crash of "enormous magnitude" after 5000 BC, with levels remaining low during the next 1,500 years. Populations began to rise after 3500 BC, with further dips and rises occurring between 3000 and 2500 BC but varying in date between regions. Around this time is the 645:), the Yangtze and Yellow River basins (9,000 BP) and the New Guinea Highlands (9,000–6,000 BP), Central Mexico (5,000–4,000 BP), Northern South America (5,000–4,000 BP), sub-Saharan Africa (5,000–4,000 BP, exact location unknown), eastern North America (4,000–3,000 BP). 2651:

was at first supplemented, and then increasingly replaced by, a reliance upon the foods produced from cultivated lands. These developments are also believed to have greatly encouraged the growth of settlements, since it may be supposed that the increased need to spend more time and labor in tending

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being a notable exception. Possession of livestock allowed competition between households and resulted in inherited inequalities of wealth. Neolithic pastoralists who controlled large herds gradually acquired more livestock, and this made economic inequalities more pronounced. However, evidence of

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Quote: "page 33: "The earliest discovered instance in India of well-established, settled agricultural society is at Mehrgarh in the hills between the Bolan Pass and the Indus plain (today in Pakistan) (see Map 3.1). From as early as 7000 BC, communities there started investing increased

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One potential benefit of the development and increasing sophistication of farming technology was the possibility of producing surplus crop yields, in other words, food supplies in excess of the immediate needs of the community. Surpluses could be stored for later use, or possibly traded for other

2469:, have been discovered and demonstrate that "...systematic violence between groups" and warfare was probably much more common during the Neolithic than in the preceding Paleolithic period. This supplanted an earlier view of the Linear Pottery Culture as living a "peaceful, unfortified lifestyle". 1772:

states "The first indisputable evidence for domestic plants and animals in the Nile valley is not until the early fifth millennium BC in northern Egypt and a thousand years later further south, in both cases as part of strategies that still relied heavily on fishing, hunting, and the gathering of

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were discovered in a house in Jericho dated to 9400 BC. The figs are of a mutant variety that cannot be pollinated by insects, and therefore the trees can only reproduce from cuttings. This evidence suggests that figs were the first cultivated crop and mark the invention of the technology of

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speaking pastoralists, who tended to bury their dead in cairns whilst their toolkit was characterized by stone bowls, pestles, grindstones and earthenware pots. Through archaeology, historical linguistics and archaeogenetics, they conventionally have been identified with the area's first

1797:) migrants around 5500-5300 BC. During the Early Neolithic period, farming was introduced by Europeans and was subsequently adopted by the locals. During the Middle Neolithic period, an influx of ancestry from the Levant appeared in Northwestern Africa, coinciding with the arrival of 2278:

The Formative stage is equivalent to the Neolithic Revolution period in Europe, Asia, and Africa. In the southwestern United States it occurred from 500 to 1200 AD when there was a dramatic increase in population and development of large villages supported by agriculture based on

2187:, filling in an archaeological gap between the two Northern Chinese cultures. The total excavated area is more than 1,200 square yards (1,000 m; 0.10 ha), and the collection of Neolithic findings at the site encompasses two phases. Between 3000 and 1900 BC, the 2070:

to Malta. In most cases there are small chambers here, with the cover made of a large slab placed on upright stones. They are claimed to belong to a population different from that which built the previous megalithic temples. It is presumed the population arrived from

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of the dead, which were plastered with mud to make facial features. The rest of the corpse could have been left outside the settlement to decay until only the bones were left, then the bones were buried inside the settlement underneath the floor or between houses.

2488:– functioning as a lineage-group head. Whether a non-hierarchical system of organization existed is debatable, and there is no evidence that explicitly suggests that Neolithic societies functioned under any dominating class or individual, as was the case in the 2058:, the only prehistoric underground temple in the world, and shows a degree of artistry in stone sculpture unique in prehistory to the Maltese islands. After 2500 BC, these islands were depopulated for several decades until the arrival of a new influx of 2370:, generally states evolved in Eurasia only with the rise of metallurgy, and most Neolithic societies on the whole were relatively simple and egalitarian. Beyond Eurasia, however, states were formed during the local Neolithic in three areas, namely in the 1370:. The settlement had a surrounding stone wall and perhaps a stone tower (as in Jericho). The wall served as protection from nearby groups, as protection from floods, or to keep animals penned. Some of the enclosures also suggest grain and meat storage. 2545:

to the Neolithic era. In the Paleolithic, people did not normally live in permanent constructions. In the Neolithic, mud brick houses started appearing that were coated with plaster. The growth of agriculture made permanent houses far more common. At

2259:, a similar set of events (i.e., crop domestication and sedentary lifestyles) occurred by around 4500 BC in South America, but possibly as early as 11,000–10,000 BC. These cultures are usually not referred to as belonging to the Neolithic; in America 2211:

and axes are used in the present day (as of 2008) in areas where the availability of metal implements is limited. This is likely to cease altogether in the next few years as the older generation die off and steel blades and chainsaws prevail.

669:. The Natufian period or "proto-Neolithic" lasted from 12,500 to 9,500 BC, and is taken to overlap with the Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPNA) of 10,200–8800 BC. As the Natufians had become dependent on wild cereals in their diet, and a 2418:

reveal a lack of difference in the size of homes and burial sites, suggesting a more egalitarian society with no evidence of the concept of capital, although some homes do appear slightly larger or more elaborately decorated than others.

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valley areas of northern China. Towards the end of the 3rd millennium BC, the population decreased sharply in most of the region and many of the larger centres were abandoned, possibly due to environmental change linked to the end of the

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and dating back to 6500 BC. In most of Western Europe in followed over the next two thousand years, but in some parts of Northwest Europe it is much later, lasting just under 3,000 years from c. 4500 BC–1700 BC. Recent advances in

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of maize, and later, beans, squash, and domesticated turkeys. During this period the bow and arrow and ceramic pottery were also introduced. In later periods cities of considerable size developed, and some metallurgy by 700 BC.

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has proposed that a Circum Arabian Nomadic Pastoral Complex developed in the period from the climatic crisis of 6200 BC, partly as a result of an increasing emphasis in PPNB cultures upon domesticated animals, and a fusion with

2450:) required considerable time and labour to construct, which suggests that some influential individuals were able to organise and direct human labour – though non-hierarchical and voluntary work remain possibilities. 2710:

In addition, increased population density, decreased population mobility, increased continuous proximity to domesticated animals, and continuous occupation of comparatively population-dense sites would have altered

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Simões, Luciana G.; Günther, Torsten; Martínez-Sánchez, Rafael M.; Vera-Rodríguez, Juan Carlos; Iriarte, Eneko; Rodríguez-Varela, Ricardo; Bokbot, Youssef; Valdiosera, Cristina; Jakobsson, Mattias (7 June 2023).

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In South India, the Neolithic began by 6500 BC and lasted until around 1400 BC when the Megalithic transition period began. South Indian Neolithic is characterized by Ash mounds from 2500 BC in

696:, bitter vetch, and flax. Among the other major crop domesticated were rice, millet, maize (corn), and potatoes. Crops were usually domesticated in a single location and ancestral wild species are still found. 2300:

lifestyle continuing until the arrival of Europeans. This view can be challenged in terms of the definition of agriculture, but "Neolithic" remains a rarely used and not very useful concept in discussing

2108:, Balochistan, presence can be documented of the domestication of wheat and barley, rapidly followed by that of goats, sheep, and cattle. In April 2006, it was announced in the scientific journal 9146: 8880:

Garfinkel, Yosef., "Néolithique" and "Énéolithique" Byblos in Southern Levantine Context in Neolithic revolution: new perspectives on southwest Asia in light of recent discoveries on Cyprus

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Coppa, A.; Bondioli, L.; Cucina, A.; Frayer, D. W.; Jarrige, C.; Jarrige, J. -F.; Quivron, G.; Rossi, M.; Vidale, M.; Macchiarelli, R. (2006). "Early Neolithic tradition of dentistry".

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and England beginning in the Early Neolithic (4100–3000 BC). Theories to explain the apparent implied egalitarianism of Neolithic (and Paleolithic) societies have arisen, notably the

1615:, appeared in the Levant. It was surrounded by a stone wall, may have contained a population of up to 2,000–3,000 people, and contained a massive stone tower. Around 6400 BC the 6599:

Krause, Johannes; Jeong, Choongwon; Haak, Wolfgang; Posth, Cosimo; Stockhammer, Philipp W.; Mustafaoğlu, Gökhan; Fairbairn, Andrew; Bianco, Raffaela A.; Julia Gresky (2019-03-19).

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A. Eichler, G. Gramlich, T. Kellerhals, L. Tobler, Th. Rehren & M. Schwikowski (2017). "Ice-core evidence of earliest extensive copper metallurgy in the Andes 2700 years ago"

2393: 874: 8916:"Contribution of FTIR to the Characterization of the Raw Material for "Flint" Chipped Stone and for Beads from Mentesh Tepe and Kamiltepe (Azerbaijan). Preliminary Results" 2799:

The identifying characteristic of Neolithic technology is the use of polished or ground stone tools, in contrast to the flaked stone tools used during the Paleolithic era.

8100: 1424:, West Bank). As with the PPNA dates, there are two versions from the same laboratories noted above. This system of terminology, however, is not convenient for southeast 2235:". The farm was dated between 3600 and 3000 BC. Pottery, stone projectile points, and possible houses were also found. "In 2002, researchers discovered prehistoric 8140: 2893:

monuments. It was also important to figure out ways of preserving food for future months, such as fashioning relatively airtight containers, and using substances like

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The profound differences in human interactions and subsistence methods associated with the onset of early agricultural practices in the Neolithic have been called the

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The 'Neolithic' (defined in this paragraph as using polished stone implements) remains a living tradition in small and extremely remote and inaccessible pockets of

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Settlements became more permanent, with circular houses, much like those of the Natufians, with single rooms. However, these houses were for the first time made of

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From Hunters to Farmers: The Causes and Consequences of Food Production in Africa – "The Introduction of Pastoral Adaptations to the Highlands of East Africa"

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Most clothing appears to have been made of animal skins, as indicated by finds of large numbers of bone and antler pins that are ideal for fastening leather.

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Cook, M (2007). "The clay loom weight, in: Early Neolithic ritual activity, Bronze Age occupation and medieval activity at Pitlethie Road, Leuchars, Fife".

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Shennan, Stephen; Edinborough, Kevan (2007). "Prehistoric population history: From the Late Glacial to the Late Neolithic in Central and Northern Europe".

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Killebrew, Ann E.; Steiner, Margreet; Goring-Morris, A. Nigel; Belfer-Cohen, Anna (2013). "The Southern Levant (Cisjordan) During the Neolithic Period".

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necessities or luxuries. Agricultural life afforded securities that nomadic life could not, and sedentary farming populations grew faster than nomadic.

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and Oliver Aurenche, divided Near East Neolithic chronology into ten periods (0 to 9) based on social, economic and cultural characteristics. In 2002,

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crop fields required more localized dwellings. This trend would continue into the Bronze Age, eventually giving rise to permanently settled farming

9559: 1891:-speaking settlers. Archaeological dating of livestock bones and burial cairns has also established the cultural complex as the earliest center of 1623: 536:, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several parts of the world. This "Neolithic package" included the 9007: 11317: 11058: 10654: 8752: 5966: 4777: 2331: 2422:

Families and households were still largely independent economically, and the household was probably the center of life. However, excavations in

753:, independent domestication events led to their own regionally distinctive Neolithic cultures, which arose completely independently of those in 737:

Not all of these cultural elements characteristic of the Neolithic appeared everywhere in the same order: the earliest farming societies in the

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might have become available during the later Neolithic, as suggested by finds of perforated stones that (depending on size) may have served as

2260: 7820:"Reconstructing regional population fluctuations in the European Neolithic using radiocarbon dates: a new case-study using an improved method" 6928: 4900: 2802:

Neolithic people were skilled farmers, manufacturing a range of tools necessary for the tending, harvesting and processing of crops (such as

8421: 8420:© 1997–2007 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Contributed by Kathy Schick, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. and Nicholas Toth, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. 1960: 11273: 10782: 1277: 860: 9033: 7720: 9458: 6121: 9202: 7705: 11105: 10556: 9232: 2216: 439: 9282: 1447:

Settlements have rectangular mud-brick houses where the family lived together in single or multiple rooms. Burial findings suggest an

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Kohler TA; M Glaude; JP Bocquet-Appel; Brian M Kemp (2008). "The Neolithic Demographic Transition in the North American Southwest".

6216: 4637: 1611:. The settlement included two temples dating to 9650 BC. Around 9000 BC during the PPNA, one of the world's first towns, 1409: 1343:

cultures, wild cereals were harvested, and perhaps early seed selection and re-seeding occurred. The grain was ground into flour.

5313: 8508: 8471: 5316:: varies greatly, depending on region. In the Americas, the Chalcolithic ended as late as the 19th century AD for some peoples. 3072: 7104: 9129: 9073: 8940: 8888: 8861: 8695: 8613: 8448: 8402: 8312: 8186: 8137: 7948: 7918: 7890: 7789: 7267: 7233: 7206: 7170: 7143: 6500: 432: 8667: 6984: 1579:, are considered to be one of the earliest large-scale representations of the human form dating back to around 7250 BC. 9552: 2814:, bone implements). They were also skilled manufacturers of a range of other types of stone tools and ornaments, including 1972:

have confirmed that the spread of agriculture from the Middle East to Europe was strongly correlated with the migration of

1847:, or ways of life centered on the herding and management of livestock. The term "Pastoral Neolithic" is used most often by 7079: 4848:

Note: Dates are very approximate, and are only given for a rough estimate; consult each culture for specific time periods.

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Anthropomorphic figurines have been found in the Balkans from 6000 BC, and in Central Europe by around 5800 BC (

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They also advanced the idea of a transitional stage between the PPNA and PPNB between 8800 and 8600 BC at sites like

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Marshall, Fiona; Hildebrand, Elisabeth (2002-06-01). "Cattle Before Crops: The Beginnings of Food Production in Africa".

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Settled life, encompassing the transition from foraging to farming and pastoralism, began in South Asia in the region of

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Garcea, Elena A. A. (2004-06-01). "An Alternative Way Towards Food Production: The Perspective from the Libyan Sahara".

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9,000 years ago, doorways were made on the roof, with ladders positioned both on the inside and outside of the houses.

2086:, when populations collapsed across most of Europe, possibly caused by climatic conditions, plague, or mass migration. 2046:(Malta) are notable for their gigantic Neolithic structures, the oldest of which date back to around 3600 BC. The 459: 8567: 10683: 9589: 9493: 8851: 8285: 7031: 2786: 831: 4393: 2768: 10890: 10777: 5770: 3549: 1572: 1471: 1429: 6963: 11302: 10693: 9731: 9545: 5961: 5271: 4284: 3037: 2410: 553: 9516: 9225: 4694: 4373: 4114:

by 2000 BC Neolithic sedentary villages had been established in the Central Valleys region of this state.

2764: 2644: 2409:(c. 8000 BC) resulted in a dramatic increase in social inequality in most of the areas where it occurred; 2268: 2224: 1305: 813: 8856:. PCMA Excavation Series 2. Warsaw, Poland: Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw. 2078:

With some exceptions, population levels rose rapidly at the beginning of the Neolithic until they reached the

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Green, Jean M (1993). "Unraveling the Enigma of the Bi: The Spindle Whorl as the Model of the Ritual Disk".

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Early Neolithic farming was limited to a narrow range of plants, both wild and domesticated, which included

10910: 10450: 9923: 5576: 4964: 4684: 3246: 464: 9599: 8982: 2007:, the Neolithic traditions spread west and northwards to reach northwestern Europe by around 4500 BC. The 9876: 9151: 8876: 5339: 5166: 5151: 5003: 4438: 4418: 3950: 3857: 3761: 2921: 2605: 2397:

Clay human figurine (Fertility goddess) Tappeh Sarab, Kermanshah c. 7000–6100 BC, National Museum of Iran

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and an outer ditch. Settlements with palisades and weapon-traumatized bones, such as those found at the

2054:, Malta, is a subterranean structure excavated around 2500 BC; originally a sanctuary, it became a 2047: 1744:

The earliest evidence of Neolithic culture in northeast Africa was found in the archaeological sites of

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Zarins, Juris (1992) "Pastoral Nomadism in Arabia: Ethnoarchaeology and the Archaeological Record", in

4729: 3097: 2760: 1822: 1241: 809: 715: 7645: 5938: 1230:) and from there spread eastwards and westwards. Neolithic cultures are also attested in southeastern 11419: 10984: 10799: 9317: 9218: 7451:"Trapping or tethering stones (TS): A multifunctional device in the Pastoral Neolithic of the Sahara" 7194: 6452: 6301: 6243: 2625:, charred bread, grains and small apples, a clay cooking pot, and containers made of antlers and wood 2197: 1689: 1138: 564: 331: 85: 8543: 5651: 3424: 1603:(PPNA) appeared in the Fertile Crescent. Around 10,700–9400 BC a settlement was established in 47: 11424: 11173: 10265: 9810: 9498: 8853:

Tell Qaramel 1999–2007. Protoneolithic and early Pre-Pottery Neolithic settlement in Northern Syria

7765: 4183:, dates from 3838 BC and the world's oldest freestanding structure is the Neolithic temple of 4053: 3781: 2749: 2402: 2375: 2371: 2168: 1244:(AHG), suggesting that agriculture was adopted in site by these hunter-gatherers and not spread by 742: 541: 468: 292: 10337: 10332: 8096: 11290: 11200: 10372: 10139: 9958: 9891: 9623: 9406: 9400: 7670: 6837: 6601:"Late Pleistocene human genome suggests a local origin for the first farmers of central Anatolia" 6306: 5764: 5629: 5571: 5094: 4953: 4870: 4827: 4719: 4258: 4254: 3225: 2753: 2664:

whose larger populations could be sustained by the increased productivity from cultivated lands.

2536: 2379: 2256: 1600: 1479: 1465: 1379: 1257: 1227: 1223: 802: 43: 8346: 7002: 273: 11378: 11252: 10858: 10749: 10737: 10433: 10174: 10013: 9650: 9584: 9568: 9380: 6753: 6447: 5996: 5683: 5104: 4709: 4483: 4413: 2532: 2525: 2481: 2427: 2323: 1973: 1568: 1452: 1444:, it was continuously inhabited from approximately 7250 BC to approximately 5000 BC. 1401: 1237: 1175: 537: 375: 241: 107: 8685: 8603: 8498:

8438: 8302: 8275: 8258: 8097:"New Archaeological Discoveries and Researches in 2004 – The Fourth Archaeology Forum of CASS" 7738:

Female figurine, c. 6000 BC, Nea Nikomidia, Macedonia, Veroia, (Archaeological Museum), Greece

7587:"The Archaeological Evidence for the Appearance of Pastoralism and Farming in Southern Africa" 7257: 7223: 7160: 6694: 6667: 6400:

at first European contact .... represented ... modern examples of Neolithic horticulturalists

4458: 2366:. Although some late Eurasian Neolithic societies formed complex stratified chiefdoms or even 1635: 1206:

An array of Neolithic artifacts, including bracelets, axe heads, chisels, and polishing tools.

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Droughts, food and culture: ecological change and food security in Africa's later prehistory

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Another significant change undergone by many of these newly agrarian communities was one of

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Affonso, T.; Pernicka, E. (2000). "Pre-Pottery Neolithic Clay Figurines from Nevali Çori".

9149:. "Rare double burials discovered at one of the largest Neolithic burial sites in Europe." 9092: 8050: 7972: 7831: 7598: 7462: 7311: 7063: 6795: 6612: 6529: 6439: 6268: 5979: 5285: 4987: 4751: 4622: 4138: 4033: 3980: 3175: 3088: 2858: 2669: 2595: 2439: 2327: 1168: 638: 533: 393: 213: 9886: 5062: 4363: 2845:

were also accomplished builders, utilizing mud-brick to construct houses and villages. At

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built enormous settlements in Romania, Moldova and Ukraine from 5300 to 2300 BC. The

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Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East

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Toward an Understanding of Europe: A Political Economic Précis of Continental Integration

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Life in Neolithic farming communities: social organization, identity, and differentiation

5351: 5309: 5141: 5037: 4505: 4433: 4245: 3490: 3156: 2505: 2355: 2204: 2160: 1839:. In contrast to the Neolithic in other parts of the world, which saw the development of 1491:

hunter gatherers in the Southern Levant, with affiliate connections with the cultures of

388: 9096: 8720:"Smooth and Cool, or Warm and Soft: Investigating the Properties of Cloth in Prehistory" 8371: 8054: 7976: 7835: 7602: 7466: 7340: 7315: 7299: 7067: 6947: 6799: 6616: 6533: 6443: 6350: 6327:

Karin Sowada and Peter Grave. Egypt in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Old Kingdom.

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Gobekli Tepe: Genesis of the Gods: The Temple of the Watchers and the Discovery of Eden

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and settlements of the middle Anatolia basin. A settlement of 3,000 inhabitants called

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E. J. Peltenburg; Alexander Wasse; Council for British Research in the Levant (2004).

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Chiefdoms and Early States in the Near East: The Organizational Dynamics of Complexity

6853:"Ain-Ghazal (Jordan) Pre-pottery Neolithic B Period pit of lime plaster human figures" 6517: 5695: 4976: 4912: 4478: 4383: 3511: 2975: 2846: 2547: 2438:

between 4800 and 4600 BC. These structures (and their later counterparts such as

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because of the similarity of Maltese dolmens to some small constructions found there.

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Chang, K.C.: "Studies of Shang Archaeology", pp. 6–7, 1. Yale University Press, 1982.

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in most Neolithic societies; social stratification is more associated with the later

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Around 10,000 BC the first fully developed Neolithic cultures belonging to the phase

1116: 738: 321: 316: 268: 208: 170: 132: 8512: 7752:

Pre-writing in Southeastern Europe: The Sign System of the Vinča Culture ca. 4000 BC

7392: 6986:"Du PPNA au PPNB: mise en lumière d'une phase de transition à Jerf el Ahmar (Syrie)" 6974:, Universite Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth, Vol. 12–13, 2001–2002. Retrieved on 2011-12-03. 6823: 6557: 6477: 1980: 11361: 11268: 11011: 10794: 10594: 10514: 10470: 10270: 10092: 9943: 9903: 9483: 9478: 9473: 9340: 9277: 9257: 9241: 9183: 9100: 8813: 8221: 8213: 8068: 8058: 8008: 7980: 7839: 7616: 7606: 7517: 7480: 7470: 7415: 7372: 7335: 7319: 7112: 7075: 7071: 6901: 6862: 6803: 6638: 6620: 6537: 6457: 6195: 6069: 5813: 5748: 5662: 5615: 5552: 5470: 5251: 5218: 5161: 5131: 5121: 5113: 5099: 5078: 5013: 4944: 4757: 4704: 4605: 4595: 4585: 4580: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4398: 4338: 4331: 4326: 4316: 4301: 4230: 3429: 3400: 3393: 3186: 3112: 3053: 2815: 2704: 2435: 2232: 2220: 2188: 2172: 2110: 1952: 1929: 1904: 1802: 1530: 1417: 1348: 731: 658: 650: 557: 347: 278: 37: 10853: 10809: 7882:

An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century

5171: 4473: 2147: 2008: 1996: 1924: 1914: 11242: 11212: 10974: 10902: 10880: 10838: 10733: 10703: 10568: 10563: 10214: 10097: 9668: 9375: 9365: 9065: 9059: 8969: 8878: 8671: 8664: 8571: 8157: 8144: 7908: 7880: 7859: 7611: 7552: 7475: 7192: 7015: 6967: 6935: 6108: 6087: 6022: 5972: 5782: 5708: 5176: 5050: 5008: 4981: 4906: 4724: 4615: 4520: 4463: 4358: 4311: 4264: 4235: 3909: 3800: 3786: 3146: 3105: 3083: 2886: 2862: 2641: 2579: 2567: 2297: 2280: 2264: 2095: 2004: 1969: 1918: 1836: 1333: 1245: 618: 545: 354: 306: 283: 223: 6238: 5643: 4714: 3312: 2175:

in Hebei Province, China, contains relics of a culture contemporaneous with the

1289: 762: 579:(Copper Age) from about 6,500 years ago (4500 BC), marked by the development of 11351: 11278: 11100: 11065: 10996: 10885: 10757: 10465: 10050: 10040: 9861: 9842: 9322: 9055: 7934: 7323: 6883: 6777: 6625: 6248: 6199: 6126: 6046: 5899: 5753: 5357: 5073: 4959: 4918: 4888: 4882: 4610: 4600: 4575: 4545: 4515: 4510: 4443: 4423: 4403: 4378: 4353: 4306: 4079: 3928: 3390: 3373: 3292: 2807: 2661: 2575: 2559: 2423: 2386:. However, most Neolithic societies were noticeably more hierarchical than the 2383: 2367: 2176: 1883: 1627: 1612: 1524: 1496: 1421: 1397: 1293: 1193: 1154: 642: 200: 9104: 8217: 7910:

A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day

7844: 7819: 7419: 7376: 6961:"The Neolithic of Lebanon in the context of the Near East: State of knowledge" 5647: 2966:

Reconstruction of a Cucuteni-Trypillian hut, in the Tripillian Museum, Ukraine

2637:

and cultivation were first developed: the previous reliance on an essentially

2012: 11408: 11237: 11222: 11168: 11146: 11043: 11031: 10947: 10816: 10698: 10659: 10647: 10635: 10347: 10258: 10187: 9928: 9871: 9849: 9758: 9690: 9685: 9663: 9430: 9163: 8201: 7992: 7529: 7427: 7384: 7331: 7199:

Areal Diffussion and Genetic Inheritance: Problems in Comparative Linguistics

6634: 6427: 6382: 5951: 5345: 5265: 5213: 5182: 5109: 5083: 4659: 4535: 4525: 4468: 4453: 4448: 4348: 4321: 4279: 3967: 3736:

aceramic but elaborate culture including mud brick, houses, agriculture etc.

3417: 3179: 3130: 3092: 2874: 2583: 2272: 1769: 1697: 1616: 1448: 1309: 703: 674: 615: 599: 484: 326: 115: 9778: 8063: 6807: 6541: 6461: 6430:; Bellwood, P. (2003). "Farmers and Their Languages: The First Expansions". 2873:, where there are many thousand still in existence. Neolithic people in the 11156: 11112: 11093: 11048: 10848: 10772: 10529: 10524: 10480: 10107: 9989: 9953: 9933: 9785: 9763: 9675: 9417: 8564: 8273: 8124:

The Archaeology of China: From the Late Paleolithic to the Early Bronze Age

8082: 8000: 7864:

The Archaeology of South Asia: From the Indus to Asoka, c. 6500 BC – 200 CE

7630: 7494: 7349: 7296: 7162:

The Agricultural Revolution in Prehistory: Why Did Foragers Become Farmers?

6815: 6652: 6549: 6469: 6204: 6171: 6157: 6151: 6040: 6028: 5870: 5807: 5802: 5668: 5321: 5298: 5277: 5146: 5023: 5018: 4876: 4810: 4664: 4550: 4289: 3838: 3569: 3330: 3272: 3208: 2882: 2842: 2841:

Neolithic peoples in the Levant, Anatolia, Syria, northern Mesopotamia and

2697: 2648: 2611: 2551: 2497: 2485: 2443: 2192: 2156: 2051: 1725: 1604: 1588: 1538: 1483: 1146: 1124: 673:

way of life had begun among them, the climatic changes associated with the

576: 367: 255: 250: 186: 95: 11205: 7300:"Northwest African Neolithic initiated by migrants from Iberia and Levant" 1552:

The Chalcolithic (Stone-Bronze) period began about 4500 BC, then the

1339:

The major advance of Neolithic 1 was true farming. In the proto-Neolithic

11195: 11185: 11141: 11136: 11088: 11026: 10989: 10962: 10863: 10833: 10708: 10630: 10551: 10539: 10300: 10285: 10275: 10246: 10204: 10119: 10087: 10035: 9968: 9805: 9680: 9537: 9435: 9249: 6895: 5888: 5688: 5487: 5333: 5327: 5055: 4992: 3913: 3885: 3450: 3059: 3017: 2979: 2878: 2630: 2477: 2338: 2243:

earrings, among other items in the area". The research team will perform

2236: 2228: 2101: 2039: 1959:, attested by one of the earliest farming sites of Europe, discovered in 1892: 1875: 1856: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1806: 1798: 1749: 1745: 1736: 1363:

farming. This occurred centuries before the first cultivation of grains.

1344: 1301: 1211: 622: 568: 563:

The Neolithic began about 12,000 years ago, when farming appeared in the

525: 4184: 2838:

for example, this enabled them to exploit the newly developed farmland.

2035: 1987:

culture in Thessaly, which later expanded in the Balkans giving rise to

1835:

marking the beginning of food production on the continent following the

1202: 677:(about 10,000 BC) are thought to have forced people to develop farming. 11339: 11232: 11190: 11006: 10969: 10932: 10828: 10415: 10327: 10154: 10055: 10028: 9948: 9746: 9700: 9611: 9579: 9445: 9355: 9287: 8817: 7521: 6163: 6114: 5984: 5910: 5722: 5638: 5305: 5193: 5042: 4968: 4767: 4654: 4649: 4627: 4408: 4215: 4176: 4085: 3971: 3903: 3700: 3641: 3622: 3534: 3118: 3042: 2909: 2712: 2493: 2363: 2318: 2293: 2141: 2059: 2055: 2016: 2015:, though archaeologist Shan Winn believes they most likely represented 1944: 1940: 1832: 1801:

in the region. The earliest evidence for pottery, domestic cereals and

1721: 1701: 1553: 1215: 816: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 595: 584: 580: 380: 260: 228: 156: 121: 81: 6960: 2970: 2826:. But what allowed forest clearance on a large scale was the polished 2600: 11247: 11016: 11001: 10599: 10584: 10509: 10492: 10410: 10295: 10236: 10226: 10221: 10144: 10023: 9911: 9837: 9594: 8226: 7023: 6263: 5726: 5497: 4014: 3766: 3379: 3126: 2993: 2827: 2823: 2674: 2622: 2563: 2406: 2390:

cultures that preceded them and hunter-gatherer cultures in general.

2296:, has generally been held not to have had a Neolithic period, with a 2137: 2125: 2063: 2020: 1765: 1656: 1441: 1440:. Considered to be one of the largest prehistoric settlements in the 766: 758: 693: 670: 572: 549: 513: 503: 492: 163: 63: 9187: 8915: 7984: 6394:

Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca; Menozzi, Paolo; Piazza, Alberto (1994).

5254:: 5000–3000 BC; Elsewhere: varies greatly, depending on region. 4947:: 5500–3500 BC; Elsewhere: varies greatly, depending on region. 4865:: 7000–4000 BC; Elsewhere: varies greatly, depending on region. 2738: 2183:

cultures of about 6000–5000 BC, Neolithic cultures east of the

791: 11021: 10957: 10804: 10762: 10497: 10405: 10280: 10102: 10065: 10045: 9425: 9350: 9307: 9297: 9267: 9210: 8778: 8648:

Timothy Earle, "Property Rights and the Evolution of Chiefdoms" in

7508:

Bower, John (1991-03-01). "The Pastoral Neolithic of East Africa".

6929:

Yet another sensational discovery by polish archaeologists in Syria

6177: 5926: 5916: 5735: 5730: 5580: 5460: 5227: 4787: 4689: 4679: 4669: 4644: 4632: 4269: 3843: 3725: 3720: 3469: 3141: 3008: 2901: 2571: 2489: 2462: 2105: 2031: 1660: 1648: 1642: 1564: 1534: 1488: 1425: 1367: 1340: 1329: 1313: 1267: 1231: 723: 588: 419: 298: 144: 8719: 6669:

Feast, Famine or Fighting?: Multiple Pathways to Social Complexity

2869:

were built for the dead. These tombs are particularly numerous in

2516: 2215:

In 2012, news was released about a new farming site discovered in

1928:

Map showing distribution of some of the main culture complexes in

1541:(Southern Mesopotamia). This period has been further divided into 1416:

The Neolithic 2 (PPNB) began around 8800 BC according to the

11083: 10875: 10821: 10767: 10589: 10395: 10305: 10159: 10060: 10018: 9881: 9800: 9753: 9741: 9360: 9302: 8277:

Evolutionary Origins of Morality: Cross-disciplinary Perspectives

8269: 8267: 8163:"East Asia's oldest remains of agricultural field found in Korea" 7801: 7799: 7797: 7646:"UC research reveals one of the earliest farming sites in Europe" 6416:. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press. p. 6. 6414:

Culture of Stone: Sacred and Profane Uses of Stone Among the Dani

6181: 6097: 6059: 6007: 5786: 5712: 5701: 5634: 5611: 5474: 5205: 5067: 4940: 4858: 4762: 4674: 4180: 4172: 4038: 4019: 4000: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3819: 3805: 3681: 3405: 3359: 3196: 2913: 2905: 2870: 2850: 2811: 2716: 2693: 2501: 2347: 2120: 2067: 2043: 1964: 1909: 1782: 1504: 1393: 1325: 1284:

The Neolithic 1 (PPNA) period began around 10,000 BC in the

666: 9195: 8635:

Gil Stein, "Economy, Ritual and Power in 'Ubaid Mesopotamia" in

8021: 6253: 2688:

However, early farmers were also adversely affected in times of

2472:

Control of labour and inter-group conflict is characteristic of

2461:, as at least some villages were fortified for some time with a 1843:

societies, the first form of African food production was mobile

641:

and its spread in prehistory: the Fertile Crescent (12,000

11151: 10688: 10666: 10519: 10455: 10400: 9790: 9768: 9736: 9710: 8024:

Trees and Woodlands of South India: Archaeological Perspectives

7784:

Abingdon-on-Thames, England: Brazen Head Publishing, pp. 33–34

6780:(June 2, 2006). "Early Domesticated Fig in the Jordan Valley". 6144: 6101: 6012: 5842: 5838: 5757: 5480: 5455: 5441: 5088: 4894: 4100: 4075: 3976: 3824: 3746: 3741: 3705: 3554: 3516: 3455: 3433: 3354: 3297: 2983: 2962: 2933: 2890: 2854: 2803: 2689: 2621:

Food and cooking items retrieved at a European Neolithic site:

2608: 2473: 2453:

There is a large body of evidence for fortified settlements at

2447: 2072: 1984: 1852: 1794: 1790: 1608: 1576: 1492: 1475: 1437: 1389: 1321: 1297: 1285: 1219: 1214:, cultures identified as Neolithic began appearing in the 10th 754: 727: 707: 685: 662: 654: 529: 517: 410: 51: 8665:

Shane, Orrin C. III, and Mine Küçuk. "The World's First City."

8264: 7794: 7721:"When the First Farmers Arrived in Europe, Inequality Evolved" 6518:"Early Pottery at 20,000 Years Ago in Xianrendong Cave, China" 2912:

until the time of European contact. Exceptions include copper

1983:). Among the earliest cultural complexes of this area are the 1533:. By then distinctive cultures emerged, with pottery like the 11217: 10937: 10671: 10625: 10487: 10342: 10290: 9866: 9832: 9395: 9292: 7003:

PPND – the Platform for Neolithic Radiocarbon Dates – Summary

6052: 6034: 5797: 5717: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5451: 5446: 5223: 4782: 4772: 4192: 4124: 4119: 3934: 3686: 3666: 3661: 3646: 3593: 3588: 3495: 3339: 3335: 3277: 3134: 3066: 2937: 2917: 2835: 2638: 2521: 2458: 2351: 2208: 2129: 2066:

its dead and introduced smaller megalithic structures called

1976:

about 9,000 years ago, and was not just a cultural exchange.

1761: 1757: 1753: 1713: 1508: 1500: 1433: 1405: 1359: 719: 711: 681: 611: 498: 487: 8101:

Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

2853:

and painted with elaborate scenes of humans and animals. In

2414:

social inequality is still disputed, as settlements such as

1870:) is a collection of ancient societies that appeared in the 1556:

began about 3500 BC, replacing the Neolithic cultures.

1347:

was domesticated, and animals were herded and domesticated (

11163: 11124: 10604: 10460: 10390: 10310: 10182: 9695: 6393: 5944: 5503: 5492: 4296: 4188: 4060: 3627: 3574: 3031: 2945: 2894: 2866: 2831: 2819: 2657: 2653: 2634: 2555: 2247:(AMS) dating to retrieve a more precise date for the site. 2240: 1717: 1652: 1512: 1262: 521: 179: 9010:. National Museum of the Philippines. 2011. Archived from 8779:"Pierced clay disks and Late Neolithic textile production" 8395:

The ancient Hawaiian state: origins of a political society

6582: 6580: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6398:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 351. 2633:

and lifestyle was to be brought about in areas where crop

2541:

The shelter of early people changed dramatically from the

741:

did not use pottery. In other parts of the world, such as

571:, and later in other parts of the world. It lasted in the 10475: 10241: 10199: 7962: 6858:

Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World

5247: 1240:

derived a significant portion of their ancestry from the

689: 8511:. Museum of Ancient and Modern Art. 2010. Archived from 3506:

rice residues were carbon-14 dated to 8200–7800 BC

2480:

that are headed by a charismatic individual – either a '

2354:

composed of multiple bands or lineages. There is little

1878:

and surrounding areas during a time period known as the

1638:

advanced this system with a division into five periods.

8418:"Stone Age", Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2007 6775: 6571: 8850:

Mazurowski, Ryszard F.; Kanjou, Youssef, eds. (2012).

8724:

North European Symposium for Archaeological Textiles X

8274:

Leonard D. Katz Rigby; S. Stephen Henry Rigby (2000).

5398: 2496:. Possible exceptions to this include Iraq during the 8397:(First ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. 8259:"Revisiting the 'Neolithic Problem' in Australia" PDF 6420: 4930:

Mentesh Tepe and Kamiltepe (Azerbaijan, 7000–3000 BC)

3776:

cultivation of oats and barley as early as 11,000 BC

2011:

may have created the earliest system of writing, the

1503:. Cultures practicing this lifestyle spread down the 614:, it lasted until circa 2000 BC with the rise of the 9061:

First Farmers: The Origins of Agricultural Societies

8870: 8436: 8126:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 220, 227, 251 7671:"One of Earliest Farming Sites in Europe Discovered" 6898:

The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant

6598: 6293: 637:

Approximate centers of origin of agriculture in the

7449:Gallinaro, Marina; Lernia, Savino di (2018-01-25). 6792:

American Association for the Advancement of Science

4901:

Starcevo-Criş culture (Starčevo-Körös-Criş culture)

1684:

A PPNB (sometimes called PPNC) transitional stage (

843: 653:, the Neolithic started in around 10,200 BC in the 598:(Middle Stone Age) and then lasted until later. In 9082: 8494: 8492: 8336:"The Oldest Civilization in the Americas Revealed" 7805: 7782:Ancient Stones: The Prehistoric Dolmens of Sicily, 7740:. Macedonian-heritage.gr. Retrieved on 2011-12-03. 7585:Lander=, Faye=; Russell=, Thembi= (14 June 2018). 7362: 6294: 1947:, Scotland. Evidence of home furnishings (shelves) 8280:. United Kingdom: Imprint Academic. p. 158. 7956: 7940:The Ancient Indus: Urbanism, Economy, and Society 7852: 7818:Timpson, Adrian; Colledge, Sue (September 2014). 7698:"The first Europeans weren't who you might think" 6886:and A. Khazanov, eds. "Pastoralism in the Levant" 1752:in what is now southwest Egypt. Domestication of 1234:and northern Mesopotamia by around 8000 BC. 27:Archaeological period, last part of the Stone Age 11406: 8928: 8849: 8751:. Teachers' Curriculum Institute. Archived from 7136:The Origins and Development of African Livestock 7020:Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt 1740:Algerian cave paintings depicting hunting scenes 1529:The Late Neolithic began around 6,400 BC in the 9177: 8489: 8043:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 7943:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 44, 51, 7927: 7817: 7584: 7557:. University of California Press. p. 220. 7448: 7221: 7133: 6696:Premier temple. Göbekli tepe (Le): Göbelki Tepe 6426: 2023:rather than a truly developed form of writing. 680:The founder crops of the Fertile Crescent were 9147:Embracing Stone Age Couple Found in Greek Cave 9034:"Neolithic Culture of Tamil Nadu: an Overview" 8536:"Çatalhöyük: Urban Life in Neolithic Anatolia" 8443:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 420–. 8174: 7858: 6991:Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française 6666:Chacon, Richard J.; Mendoza, Rubén G. (2017). 2834:, fashioning wood for shelter, structures and 2629:A significant and far-reaching shift in human 1692:begin to emerge between 6900 and 6400 BC. 1670:) between 8800 and 7600 BC, middle PPNB ( 9553: 9226: 8746:"Aspects of Life During the Neolithic Period" 7165:. Oxford University Press. pp. 292–293. 6665: 5384: 4828: 4198: 3226: 3191: 2677:in the 1920s by the Australian archaeologist 2155:In East Asia, the earliest sites include the 1851:to describe early pastoralist periods in the 868: 718:. By about 8000 BC, it included domesticated 440: 8683: 8660: 8658: 8300: 8175:Willey, Gordon R.; Phillips, Philip (1957). 8036: 7201:. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 35. 3656:presence of rice cultivation, ceramics etc. 2951: 2908:mostly retained the Neolithic level of tool 2104:, Pakistan, around 7,000 BC. At the site of 1619:appeared in Syria and Northern Mesopotamia. 594:In other places, the Neolithic followed the 8922: 8583:Krause (1998) under External links, places. 8138:"Neolithic farm field found in South Korea" 7643: 7255: 6515: 4056:, 30 aceramic Neolithic period settlements 3445:correlating with the E/MPPNB in the Levant 2767:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2308: 9567: 9560: 9546: 9522: 9512: 9233: 9219: 8972:. Eliznik.org.uk. Retrieved on 2011-12-03. 8812:(1). University of Hawai'i Press: 105–24. 7544: 7134:Blench, Roger; MacDonald, Kevin C (1999). 5391: 5377: 4835: 4821: 3436:, an Aceramic Neolithic period settlement 3233: 3219: 2342:Anthropomorphic Neolithic ceramic figurine 1537:(Turkey, Syria, Northern Mesopotamia) and 1459: 1373: 1288:. A temple area in southeastern Turkey at 1251: 875: 861: 532:(c. 10,000 BC to c. 2,000 BC). It saw the 447: 433: 36: 8655: 8574:. Holysmoke.org. Retrieved on 2011-12-03. 8472:"Farming Pioneered in Ancient New Guinea" 8225: 8178:Method and Theory in American Archaeology 8072: 8062: 8022:Eleni Asouti and Dorian Q Fuller (2007). 7843: 7620: 7610: 7484: 7474: 7339: 6996: 6922: 6699:(in French). CNRS Editions. p. 291. 6642: 6624: 6495:. Cambridge University Press. p. 3. 6451: 5364: 3307:reoccupied between 7500 and 6000 BC 2830:above all other tools. Together with the 2787:Learn how and when to remove this message 2566:) region. Remains have been found in the 1955:agrarian societies first appeared in the 1388:Female and male figurines; 9000–7000 BC; 832:Learn how and when to remove this message 463:Reconstruction of a Neolithic farmstead, 9157: 9119: 9054: 8987:Virtual Collection of Asian Masterpieces 8677: 7046: 6953: 6586: 6396:The History and Geography of Human Genes 2969: 2961: 2616: 2599: 2515: 2511: 2392: 2337: 2317: 2146: 1939: 1923: 1908: 1735: 1624:Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée 1622:In 1981, a team of researchers from the 1582: 1563: 1410:University of Chicago Oriental Institute 1383: 1328:. The start of Neolithic 1 overlaps the 1261: 1201: 632: 458: 9459:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex 8956: 8913: 8833:Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 8650:Chiefdoms: Power, Economy, and Ideology 8565:Idyllic Theory of Goddess Creates Storm 8301:Langer, Jonas; Killen, Melanie (1998). 8168: 8121: 8089: 7872: 7718: 7550: 7047:Linseele, V.; et al. (July 2010). 6993:, Volume 99, Issue 3, pp. 563–595, 2002 6719: 6692: 6411: 6336:Lukas de Blois and R. J. van der Spek. 2434:") were building large arrangements of 1707: 1278:Şanlıurfa Archaeology and Mosaic Museum 14: 11407: 9345: 8935:. Bookstand Publishing. pp. 31–. 8717: 8392: 7933: 7900: 7878: 7405: 7158: 6983:Stordeur, Danielle., Abbès Frédéric., 6906:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199212972.013.011 6776:Kislev, Mordechai E.; Hartmann, Anat; 5360:(Central/Western Europe, 2900–1800 BC) 3073:Recent African origin of modern humans 2729:Stone tool § Neolithic industries 2313: 2089: 1895:and stone construction in the region. 1776: 1731: 1218:BC. Early development occurred in the 1190: 10731: 10370: 9636: 9541: 9214: 9162:. World Museum of Man. Archived from 8909: 8907: 8803: 8776: 8690:. Universal-Publishers. p. 308. 8601: 8432: 8430: 7906: 7695: 7507: 7292: 7290: 7288: 7286: 7005:. exoriente. Retrieved on 2011-12-03. 6746: 5372: 2520:Reconstruction of Neolithic house in 2118:) evidence for the drilling of teeth 1812: 1805:is found in Morocco, specifically at 1549:(Pottery Neolithic B) at some sites. 853: 575:until the transitional period of the 552:. The term 'Neolithic' was coined by 10732: 9240: 8929:Davis K. Thanjan (12 January 2011). 8830: 8195: 8136:The Archaeology News Network. 2012. 8039:"Early millet use in northern China" 7749: 7259:Encyclopedia of African history: A–G 7102: 7014: 6972:Annales d'Histoire et d'Archaeologie 6490: 6383:Encyclopedia Britannica, "Stone Age" 6338:An Introduction to the Ancient World 6321: 6315:participating institution membership 5354:(North/Eastern Europe, 2900–2350 BC) 5288:(North/Eastern Europe, 4300–2800 BC) 4171:The world's oldest known engineered 2765:adding citations to reliable sources 2732: 2722: 2346:During most of the Neolithic age of 2042:(in the Maltese archipelago) and of 846: 814:adding citations to reliable sources 785: 776: 8963:Developed Neolithic period, 5500 BC 8372:"First Andes Civilization Explored" 8307:. Psychology Press. pp. 258–. 6850: 6763:Archaeological Institute of America 6659: 6528:(6089). Sciencemag.org: 1696–1700. 5185:(South/Eastern Europe 4400–4100 BC) 2426:have revealed that early Neolithic 1768:possibly as early as 6000 BC. 1559: 24: 9273:List of Paleolithic sites in China 9122:Die Jüngere Steinzeit Auf Bornholm 9113: 8904: 8427: 8304:Piaget, evolution, and development 7283: 7008: 6726:. Simon and Schuster. p. 66. 6713: 5400:Chronology of the Neolithic period 5268:(Mesopotamia, 6100 BC and 5100 BC) 2159:culture around 9500–9000 BC, 1645:between 12,000 and 10,200 BC, 25: 11441: 10684:Megalithic architectural elements 9494:List of Bronze Age sites in China 9139: 9085:Journal of Archaeological Science 8533: 7824:Journal of Archaeological Science 5262:(Fertile Crescent, 6400–4500 BC) 1651:between 10,200 and 8800 BC, 1607:, 10 miles (16 km) north of 1518: 781: 602:, the Neolithic lasted until the 10371: 9521: 9511: 3756:with a 660-year margin of error 2737: 2271:instead of Early Neolithic, and 2191:existed in the middle and lower 1681:) between 7500 and 7000 BC, 1674:) between 7600 and 6900 BC, 790: 11303:Evolutionary origin of religion 9026: 9000: 8975: 8843: 8824: 8797: 8770: 8738: 8711: 8674:Archaeology 51.2 (1998): 43–47. 8642: 8629: 8595: 8586: 8577: 8558: 8527: 8501: 8464: 8411: 8386: 8364: 8328: 8294: 8251: 8242: 8181:. University of Chicago Press. 8150: 8130: 8122:Liu, Li; Chen, Xingcan (2012), 8115: 8030: 8015: 7811: 7774: 7768:The Megalithic Temples of Malta 7758: 7743: 7731: 7712: 7689: 7663: 7637: 7578: 7501: 7442: 7399: 7356: 7249: 7215: 7186: 7152: 7127: 7096: 7040: 6977: 6941: 6889: 6876: 6844: 6830: 6769: 6747:Scham, Sandra (November 2008). 6740: 6686: 6592: 6509: 6484: 5272:Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period 4285:Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period 2554:settlements were common in the 2267:instead of mid-late Neolithic, 2250: 2038:on the Mediterranean island of 801:needs additional citations for 556:in 1865 as a refinement of the 7885:, Cambridge University Press, 7806:Shennan & Edinborough 2007 7766:"Malta Before Common Era", in 7754:. Calgary: Western Publishers. 7719:Spinney, Laura (1 July 2020). 7644:Dawn Fuller (April 16, 2012). 7076:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.04.014 6405: 6387: 6376: 6367: 6343: 6330: 6287: 5342:(Eastern Europe, 3000–2750 BC) 5179:(Central Europe, 5000–3400 BC) 3931:, large-scale rice plantation 2589: 2167:around 7000–5000 BC. The 2163:around 7500–6100 BC, and 2151:Neolithic artifacts from China 2132:tips) was found in Mehrgarh. 1866:or SPN (formerly known as the 1507:shoreline and moved east from 1432:was found in the outskirts of 661:, when pioneering use of wild 13: 1: 10916:Art of the Middle Paleolithic 10446:British megalith architecture 8440:The nature of Paleolithic art 8437:Russell Dale Guthrie (2005). 7696:Curry, Andrew (August 2019). 6275: 6259:Rock art of the Djelfa region 4489:Neolithic Southeastern Europe 2958:List of Neolithic settlements 2245:accelerator mass spectrometry 1933: 1587:Neolithic wall painting from 1270: 607: 10911:Art of the Upper Paleolithic 10451:Nordic megalith architecture 8374:. BBC News. 22 December 2004 7866:, Cambridge University Press 7771:. Retrieved 28 January 2007. 7612:10.1371/journal.pone.0198941 7551:Ambrose, Stanley H. (1984). 7476:10.1371/journal.pone.0191765 7262:. CRC Press. pp. 521–. 7105:"Early Domesticated Animals" 7103:Hays, Jeffrey (March 2011). 7056:Journal of Arid Environments 6938:. eduskrypt.pl. 21 June 2006 6351:"Neolithic Periods Overview" 6280: 6217:Historical Ancient Near East 4915:(Romania, 6th millennium BC) 4909:(Albania, 6th millennium BC) 4897:village (Greece, c. 6300 BC) 2865:were constructed. Elaborate 2810:) and food production (e.g. 2287: 512:, the final division of the 504: 493: 465:Irish National Heritage Park 7: 9346:Early Neolithic settlements 9152:National Geographic Society 9120:Pedersen, Hilthart (2008). 8608:. Springer. pp. 317–. 8542:. About.com. Archived from 7913:, Oxford University Press, 7879:Fisher, Michael H. (2018), 7510:Journal of World Prehistory 7408:Journal of World Prehistory 7365:Journal of World Prehistory 7256:Shillington, Kevin (2005). 7228:. Springer. pp. 164–. 6231: 5336:(Mesopotamia, 3800–3400 BC) 5330:(Mesopotamia, 4000–3800 BC) 5324:(Mesopotamia, 4500–4000 BC) 5274:(Mesopotamia, 5500–5000 BC) 5004:Cucuteni-Trypillian culture 4640: in the Gulf of Cambay 3951:Megalithic Temples of Malta 3858:Cucuteni-Trypillian culture 3531:Mentesh Tepe and Kamiltepe 3416:oldest known settlement of 2927: 2692:, such as may be caused by 2606:Cucuteni-Trypillian culture 2114:that the oldest (and first 2062:immigrants, a culture that 2028:Cucuteni-Trypillian culture 1999:. Through a combination of 1974:early farmers from Anatolia 1238:Anatolian Neolithic farmers 1191: 1112: 73:c. 10,000 BC to c. 2,000 BC 10: 11446: 11059:British Isles and Brittany 10980:Gwion Gwion rock paintings 9047: 8393:Hommon, Robert J. (2013). 7780:Piccolo, Salvatore (2013) 7324:10.1038/s41586-023-06166-6 7193:Alexandra Y. Aĭkhenvalʹd; 6749:"The World's First Temple" 6626:10.1038/s41467-019-09209-7 6125: 5296: 4730:Savanna Pastoral Neolithic 4394:Gumelnița–Karanovo culture 4374:Cucuteni–Trypillia culture 4199:List of cultures and sites 3098:Origin of the domestic dog 2955: 2889:, henges, flint mines and 2726: 2593: 2530: 2292:Australia, in contrast to 2275:for the preceding period. 2140:region, expanded later to 2093: 1902: 1864:Savanna Pastoral Neolithic 1823:Savanna Pastoral Neolithic 1816: 1545:(Pottery Neolithic A) and 1522: 1463: 1377: 1255: 1242:Anatolian hunter-gatherers 848:Prehistoric Southwest Asia 499: 488: 11261: 11074: 10901: 10748: 10744: 10727: 10613: 10577: 10426: 10383: 10379: 10366: 10173: 10004: 9977: 9902: 9828: 9819: 9724: 9649: 9645: 9637: 9632: 9575: 9507: 9444: 9416: 9331: 9248: 9145:Romeo, Nick (Feb. 2015). 9105:10.1016/j.jas.2006.10.031 8592:Gimbutas (1991) page 143. 8345:. Science. Archived from 8218:10.1017/s000273160004734x 7845:10.1016/j.jas.2014.08.011 7420:10.1007/s10963-004-2878-6 7195:Robert Malcolm Ward Dixon 6950:, Encyclopædia Britannica 6672:. Springer. p. 120. 6302:Oxford English Dictionary 6213: 6203: 6170: 6141: 6137: 6080: 6026: 5995: 5970: 5949: 5937: 5903: 5892: 5881: 5863: 5846: 5831: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5790: 5775: 5762: 5746: 5734: 5716: 5707: 5694: 5681: 5655: 5642: 5627: 5610: 5601: 5599: 5597: 5595: 5593: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5569: 5567: 5565: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5430: 5406: 4078:Neolithic village on the 3389:arising from the earlier 2952:List of early settlements 2198:Holocene Climatic Optimum 1898: 1831:was a period in Africa's 1690:dark faced burnished ware 628: 565:Epipalaeolithic Near East 91: 77: 69: 58: 35: 9499:Seima-Turbino phenomenon 8777:Gibbs, Kevin T. (2006). 8718:Harris, Susanna (2009). 7222:Fekri A. Hassan (2002). 6720:Collins, Andrew (2014). 4054:Norte Chico civilization 2376:Norte Chico Civilization 2350:, people lived in small 2309:Cultural characteristics 2169:prehistoric Beifudi site 2048:Hypogeum of Ħal-Saflieni 1336:periods to some degree. 885: 773:developing agriculture. 542:domestication of animals 469:invention of agriculture 467:. The Neolithic saw the 11291:Evolutionary musicology 10694:Oldest extant buildings 10621:Archaeological features 10140:Prepared-core technique 9407:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B 9401:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A 9283:Paleolithic Mesopotamia 9203:Encyclopædia Britannica 9158:McNamara, John (2005). 8064:10.1073/pnas.1115430109 7377:10.1023/A:1019954903395 7159:Barker, Graeme (2009). 6808:10.1126/science.1125910 6693:Schmidt, Klaus (2015). 6542:10.1126/science.1218643 6462:10.1126/science.1078208 6412:Hampton, O. W. (1999). 6307:Oxford University Press 5765:Pre-Pottery Neolithic C 5630:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B 5572:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A 4954:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B 4903:(Balkans, 5800–4500 BC) 4871:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A 4720:Philippine jade culture 4439:Shulaveri–Shomu culture 4359:Cardium pottery culture 2974:archaeological site of 2537:History of construction 2428:Linear Ceramic cultures 1728:culture from 6,900 BC. 1601:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A 1480:Pre-Pottery Neolithic C 1466:Pre-Pottery Neolithic C 1460:Pre-Pottery Neolithic C 1396:and stone inlays; from 1380:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B 1374:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B 1258:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A 1252:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A 1228:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B 1224:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A 538:introduction of farming 44:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B 11253:Unchambered long cairn 11101:Mound Builders culture 10434:Neolithic architecture 9569:Prehistoric technology 9517:Archaeological periods 9206:(11th ed.). 1911. 8983:"Manunggul Burial Jar" 8509:"Prehistoric Cultures" 7862:; Young, Ruth (2015), 7018:, ed. (9 March 2014). 6493:Ancient Jomon of Japan 5997:Linear Pottery culture 5365:Comparative chronology 5105:Linear Pottery culture 5034:(Taiwan, 4000–3000 BC) 4956:(Levant, 7600–6000 BC) 4873:(Levant, 9500–8000 BC) 4710:Jeulmun pottery period 4484:Neolithic Transylvania 4414:Linear Pottery culture 2986: 2967: 2715:needs and patterns of 2626: 2614: 2533:Neolithic architecture 2528: 2526:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2398: 2343: 2335: 2324:Linear Pottery culture 2152: 1948: 1937: 1921: 1781:The neolithization of 1741: 1720:). Low rainfall makes 1596: 1580: 1478:has indicated a later 1413: 1402:Al-Hasakah Governorate 1281: 1207: 769:cultures used pottery 646: 472: 376:Post-classical history 242:Cradle of civilization 10928:List of Stone Age art 10130:Microblade technology 10078:Langdale axe industry 9676:Ard / plough 9313:South Asian Stone Age 9058:(November 30, 2004). 8684:Alan W. Ertl (2008). 8540:About.com Archaeology 8037:Xiaoyan Yang (2012). 6605:Nature Communications 5414:Pre-Pottery Neolithic 5348:(Italy, 3150–2950 BC) 5312:: 5000–2000 BC; 5308:: 6000–3500 BC; 5250:: 6500–4500 BC; 5189:Windmill Hill culture 4943:: 8000–6500 BC; 4927:(India, 3000–2800 BC) 4921:(China, 5300–4100 BC) 4891:(China, 6500–5000 BC) 4861:: 9500–8000 BC; 4156:Neolithic revolution 3162:Pre-Pottery Neolithic 3060:Homo neanderthalensis 2973: 2965: 2649:pastoral transhumance 2645:subsistence technique 2620: 2603: 2519: 2512:Shelter and sedentism 2440:causewayed enclosures 2396: 2380:Formative Mesoamerica 2360:social stratification 2341: 2321: 2303:Australian prehistory 2150: 1943: 1927: 1912: 1817:Further information: 1739: 1688:) in which Halaf and 1586: 1567: 1387: 1265: 1205: 714:, and the keeping of 636: 510:archaeological period 462: 11335:Prehistoric medicine 11330:Prehistoric counting 11313:Prehistoric religion 11308:Paleolithic religion 11286:Behavioral modernity 10643:Causewayed enclosure 10535:Abri de la Madeleine 9659:Neolithic Revolution 9391:Neolithic South Asia 9386:Neolithic Revolution 9263:Japanese Paleolithic 9180:Internet Archaeology 9008:"Tabon Cave Complex" 6959:Haïdar Boustani, M. 6516:Xiaohong Wu (2012). 6491:Habu, Junko (2004). 6269:Two layer hypothesis 5980:Tepe Muhammad Djafar 5286:Funnelbeaker culture 4988:Comb Ceramic culture 4752:Neolithic Revolution 4139:Mumun pottery period 4106:Southwestern Mexico 4034:Shengavit Settlement 3176:Neolithic Revolution 3089:Behavioral modernity 2761:improve this section 2670:Neolithic Revolution 2596:Neolithic Revolution 2326:settlement, showing 2034:temple complexes of 2005:migration of peoples 1708:Southern Mesopotamia 1470:Work at the site of 1358:In 2006, remains of 1192:Axis scale is years 810:improve this article 765:societies and other 639:Neolithic Revolution 604:Protodynastic period 583:, leading up to the 548:lifestyle to one of 544:, and change from a 534:Neolithic Revolution 214:Behavioral modernity 11374:Prehistoric warfare 10120:Magdalenian culture 10083:Levallois technique 10014:Earliest toolmaking 9469:Bronze Age Caucasus 9464:Bronze Age Anatolia 9097:2007JArSc..34.1339S 9014:on 25 February 2021 8602:Kuijt, Ian (2000). 8055:2012PNAS..109.3726Y 7977:2006Natur.440..755C 7907:Dyson, Tim (2018), 7836:2014JArSc..52..549T 7750:Winn, Shan (1981). 7725:Scientific American 7702:National Geographic 7603:2018PLoSO..1398941L 7467:2018PLoSO..1391765G 7316:2023Natur.618..550S 7068:2010JArEn..74..818L 6800:2006Sci...312.1372K 6617:2019NatCo..10.1218F 6534:2012Sci...336.1696W 6444:2003Sci...300..597D 6305:(Online ed.). 5352:Corded Ware culture 5152:Precucuteni culture 5142:Pengtoushan culture 5095:Kura–Araxes culture 5038:Grooved ware people 4506:Pengtoushan culture 4459:Tiszapolgár culture 4434:San Ciriaco culture 4246:Trihedral Neolithic 3491:Pengtoushan culture 3157:Trihedral Neolithic 2900:The peoples of the 2885:for their dead and 2506:primitive communism 2356:scientific evidence 2332:circular enclosures 2314:Social organization 2161:Pengtoushan culture 2090:South and East Asia 1913:Female figure from 1783:Northwestern Africa 1777:Northwestern Africa 1732:Northeastern Africa 1724:systems necessary. 1569:'Ain Ghazal Statues 1296:(ancient Jericho), 665:evolved into early 657:, arising from the 293:Bronze Age collapse 32: 11325:Origin of language 11318:Spiritual drug use 11228:Rectangular dolmen 11130:Dartmoor kistvaens 10943:Carved stone balls 10655:Circular enclosure 10614:Other architecture 10557:Alp pile dwellings 10145:Solutrean industry 10056:Gravettian culture 9706:Secondary products 9356:Trialetian culture 9160:"Neolithic Period" 8968:2011-03-11 at the 8806:Asian Perspectives 8670:2008-03-15 at the 8570:2008-02-19 at the 8546:on 21 October 2013 8352:on 10 October 2015 8205:American Antiquity 8143:2012-11-20 at the 7708:on March 19, 2021. 7522:10.1007/BF00974732 7115:on 21 October 2013 6966:2018-11-16 at the 6934:2011-10-01 at the 6355:egyptianmuseum.org 6244:Neolithic religion 5684:Egyptian Neolithic 5334:middle Uruk period 5236:Zhaobaogou culture 5201:Xinglongwa culture 5167:Trypillian culture 4999:Cortaillod culture 4925:Tamil Nadu culture 4793:Neolithic religion 4638:Marine archaeology 4541:Zhaobaogou culture 4531:Xinglongwa culture 4241:Shepherd Neolithic 4224:Neolithic cultures 3152:Shepherd Neolithic 3050:Middle Paleolithic 2987: 2968: 2897:as preservatives. 2679:Vere Gordon Childe 2627: 2615: 2529: 2399: 2344: 2336: 2153: 2001:cultural diffusion 1949: 1938: 1922: 1880:Pastoral Neolithic 1868:Stone Bowl Culture 1829:Pastoral Neolithic 1819:Pastoral Neolithic 1813:Sub-Saharan Africa 1742: 1597: 1593:Deir ez-Zor Museum 1581: 1414: 1353:selective breeding 1282: 1208: 1108:26000 — 1098:25000 — 1088:24000 — 1078:23000 — 1068:22000 — 1058:21000 — 1048:20000 — 1038:19000 — 1028:18000 — 1018:17000 — 1008:16000 — 998:15000 — 988:14000 — 978:13000 — 968:12000 — 958:11000 — 948:10000 — 647: 473: 196:Middle Paleolithic 42:Reconstruction of 30: 11402: 11401: 11398: 11397: 11394: 11393: 11347:Prehistoric music 11296:music archaeology 10953:Cup and ring mark 10778:Clothing/textiles 10723: 10722: 10719: 10718: 10362: 10361: 10358: 10357: 10165:Yubetsu technique 10150:Striking platform 10115:Lithic technology 10000: 9999: 9985:Game drive system 9904:Projectile points 9796:Mortar and pestle 9535: 9534: 9489:Bronze Age Levant 9454:Andronovo culture 9361:Nemrikian culture 9197:"Neolithic" 9131:978-3-638-94559-2 9075:978-0-631-20566-1 8942:978-1-58909-817-6 8914:Ostaptchouk, Dr. 8890:978-1-84217-132-5 8863:978-83-903796-3-0 8697:978-1-59942-983-0 8615:978-0-306-46122-4 8450:978-0-226-31126-5 8404:978-0-19-991612-2 8314:978-0-8058-2210-6 8188:978-0-226-89888-9 8049:(10): 3726–3730. 7971:(7085): 755–756. 7950:978-0-521-57652-9 7920:978-0-19-882905-8 7892:978-1-107-11162-2 7790:978-0-9565106-2-4 7310:(7965): 550–556. 7269:978-1-57958-245-6 7235:978-0-306-46755-4 7208:978-0-19-928308-8 7172:978-0-19-955995-4 7145:978-1-84142-018-9 7109:Facts and Details 6851:Feldman, Keffie. 6502:978-0-521-77670-7 6438:(5619): 597–603. 6313:(Subscription or 6228: 6227: 6223: 6222: 6083:Pottery Neolithic 5906:Pottery Neolithic 5895:Pottery Neolithic 5884:Pottery Neolithic 5866:Pottery Neolithic 5849:Pottery Neolithic 5834:Pottery Neolithic 5814:Pottery Neolithic 5793:Pottery Neolithic 5778:Pottery Neolithic 5657:Initial Neolithic 5423:Pottery Neolithic 5328:early Uruk period 5260:Pottery Neolithic 5157:Qujialing culture 5137:Peiligang culture 5127:Majiabang culture 5063:Ertebølle culture 5032:Dapenkeng culture 4965:Jinsha settlement 4885:(Greece, 7000 BC) 4845: 4844: 4798:Neolithic decline 4591:Qujialing culture 4556:Majiabang culture 4501:Peiligang culture 4364:Cernavodă culture 4344:Arzachena culture 4275:Yarmukian culture 4169: 4168: 4143:Korean Peninsula 4084:central southern 4059:northern coastal 3247:human settlements 3243: 3242: 3192:Pottery Neolithic 3080:Upper Paleolithic 3024:Lower Paleolithic 2816:projectile points 2797: 2796: 2789: 2723:Lithic technology 2543:Upper Paleolithic 2467:Talheim Death Pit 2455:Linearbandkeramik 2432:Linearbandkeramik 2388:Upper Paleolithic 2263:are used such as 2207:. Polished stone 2185:Taihang Mountains 2165:Peiligang culture 2084:Neolithic decline 2080:carrying capacity 1993:Linearbandkeramik 1957:7th millennium BC 1785:was initiated by 1712:Alluvial plains ( 1632:Danielle Stordeur 1248:into the region. 1200: 1199: 938:9000 — 928:8000 — 918:7000 — 908:6000 — 898:5000 — 888:4000 — 842: 841: 834: 777:Periods by region 457: 456: 209:Upper Paleolithic 171:Lower Paleolithic 101: 100: 16:(Redirected from 11437: 11420:1860s neologisms 11362:Divje Babe flute 11269:Archaeoastronomy 11012:Petrosomatoglyph 10746: 10745: 10729: 10728: 10578:Water management 10381: 10380: 10368: 10367: 10271:Denticulate tool 10093:Lithic reduction 9826: 9825: 9647: 9646: 9634: 9633: 9562: 9555: 9548: 9539: 9538: 9525: 9524: 9515: 9514: 9484:Bronze Age Korea 9479:Bronze Age India 9474:Bronze Age China 9351:Khiamian culture 9341:Fertile Crescent 9278:Natufian culture 9258:Dmanisi hominins 9242:Prehistoric Asia 9235: 9228: 9221: 9212: 9211: 9207: 9199: 9191: 9174: 9172: 9171: 9135: 9108: 9079: 9041: 9040: 9038: 9030: 9024: 9023: 9021: 9019: 9004: 8998: 8997: 8995: 8993: 8979: 8973: 8960: 8954: 8953: 8951: 8949: 8926: 8920: 8919: 8911: 8902: 8901: 8899: 8897: 8874: 8868: 8867: 8847: 8841: 8840: 8828: 8822: 8821: 8801: 8795: 8794: 8792: 8790: 8774: 8768: 8767: 8765: 8763: 8757: 8750: 8742: 8736: 8735: 8733: 8731: 8715: 8709: 8708: 8706: 8704: 8681: 8675: 8662: 8653: 8646: 8640: 8633: 8627: 8626: 8624: 8622: 8599: 8593: 8590: 8584: 8581: 8575: 8562: 8556: 8555: 8553: 8551: 8534:Hirst, K. Kris. 8531: 8525: 8524: 8522: 8520: 8515:on 3 August 2018 8505: 8499: 8496: 8487: 8486: 8484: 8482: 8468: 8462: 8461: 8459: 8457: 8434: 8425: 8415: 8409: 8408: 8390: 8384: 8383: 8381: 8379: 8368: 8362: 8361: 8359: 8357: 8351: 8340: 8332: 8326: 8325: 8323: 8321: 8298: 8292: 8291: 8271: 8262: 8255: 8249: 8246: 8240: 8239: 8229: 8199: 8193: 8192: 8172: 8166: 8154: 8148: 8134: 8128: 8127: 8119: 8113: 8112: 8110: 8108: 8103:. April 28, 2005 8093: 8087: 8086: 8076: 8066: 8034: 8028: 8027: 8019: 8013: 8012: 7960: 7954: 7953: 7931: 7925: 7923: 7904: 7898: 7895: 7876: 7870: 7867: 7860:Coningham, Robin 7856: 7850: 7849: 7847: 7815: 7809: 7803: 7792: 7778: 7772: 7762: 7756: 7755: 7747: 7741: 7735: 7729: 7728: 7716: 7710: 7709: 7704:. Archived from 7693: 7687: 7686: 7684: 7682: 7677:. April 16, 2012 7667: 7661: 7660: 7658: 7656: 7641: 7635: 7634: 7624: 7614: 7582: 7576: 7575: 7573: 7571: 7548: 7542: 7541: 7505: 7499: 7498: 7488: 7478: 7446: 7440: 7439: 7403: 7397: 7396: 7360: 7354: 7353: 7343: 7294: 7281: 7280: 7278: 7276: 7253: 7247: 7246: 7244: 7242: 7219: 7213: 7212: 7190: 7184: 7183: 7181: 7179: 7156: 7150: 7149: 7131: 7125: 7124: 7122: 7120: 7111:. Archived from 7100: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7090: 7084: 7078:. Archived from 7053: 7044: 7038: 7037: 7012: 7006: 7000: 6994: 6981: 6975: 6957: 6951: 6945: 6939: 6926: 6920: 6919: 6893: 6887: 6880: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6869: 6863:Brown University 6848: 6842: 6841: 6840:. 7 August 2015. 6834: 6828: 6827: 6773: 6767: 6766: 6744: 6738: 6737: 6717: 6711: 6710: 6690: 6684: 6683: 6663: 6657: 6656: 6646: 6628: 6596: 6590: 6584: 6569: 6568: 6566: 6564: 6513: 6507: 6506: 6488: 6482: 6481: 6455: 6453:10.1.1.1013.4523 6424: 6418: 6417: 6409: 6403: 6402: 6391: 6385: 6380: 6374: 6371: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6361: 6347: 6341: 6334: 6328: 6325: 6319: 6318: 6310: 6298: 6291: 6192: 6135: 6078: 6070:Hajji Firuz Tepe 5993: 5935: 5829: 5749:Neolithic Europe 5744: 5679: 5625: 5616:Tell Abu Hureyra 5608: 5563: 5527: 5471:Sinjar Mountains 5438: 5433: 5432: 5425: 5420: 5416: 5411: 5393: 5386: 5379: 5370: 5369: 5219:Yangshao culture 5162:Shijiahe culture 5132:Majiayao culture 5122:Longshan culture 5114:Circular ditches 5100:Liangzhu culture 5079:Hongshan culture 5014:Dawenkou culture 4935:Middle Neolithic 4879:(China, 8500 BC) 4837: 4830: 4823: 4778:Circular ditches 4758:Animal husbandry 4745:Neolithic topics 4705:Khiamian culture 4701:Other locations 4606:Shijiahe culture 4596:Longshan culture 4586:Majiayao culture 4581:Liangzhu culture 4571:Dawenkou culture 4566:Hongshan culture 4561:Yangshao culture 4429:Petreşti culture 4399:Hamangia culture 4389:Gorneşti culture 4369:Coțofeni culture 4332:Amratian culture 4327:Badarian culture 4317:El Omari culture 4302:Faiyum A culture 4270:Tahunian culture 4231:Fertile Crescent 4203: 4202: 3430:Central Anatolia 3401:Pulli settlement 3394:Natufian culture 3261:early date (BC) 3252: 3251: 3235: 3228: 3221: 3187:Khiamian culture 3054:Middle Stone Age 3027:Early Stone Age 2989: 2988: 2887:causewayed camps 2792: 2785: 2781: 2778: 2772: 2741: 2733: 2494:Early Bronze Age 2492:of the European 2457:sites along the 2436:circular ditches 2372:Preceramic Andes 2233:Korean Peninsula 2225:Gangwon Province 2189:Longshan culture 1935: 1930:Neolithic Europe 1905:Neolithic Europe 1855:, as well as in 1803:animal husbandry 1560:Fertile Crescent 1531:Fertile Crescent 1453:preserved skulls 1418:ASPRO chronology 1349:animal husbandry 1275: 1272: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 909: 904: 899: 894: 889: 877: 870: 863: 857: 844: 837: 830: 826: 823: 817: 794: 786: 659:Natufian culture 651:ASPRO chronology 609: 558:three-age system 554:Sir John Lubbock 507: 502: 501: 496: 491: 490: 449: 442: 435: 424: 423: 417: 409: 363:Earliest records 348:Recorded history 149: 148: 142: 131: 124: 103: 102: 62:Final period of 40: 33: 29: 21: 11445: 11444: 11440: 11439: 11438: 11436: 11435: 11434: 11425:Historical eras 11405: 11404: 11403: 11390: 11257: 11243:Stone box grave 11213:Megalithic tomb 11118:Cotswold-Severn 11070: 10975:Guardian stones 10903:Prehistoric art 10897: 10740: 10715: 10704:Timber trackway 10609: 10573: 10569:Wattle and daub 10422: 10401:Standing stones 10375: 10354: 10169: 9996: 9973: 9898: 9815: 9725:Food processing 9720: 9669:New World crops 9641: 9628: 9571: 9566: 9536: 9531: 9503: 9440: 9412: 9381:Neolithic Korea 9376:Neolithic Tibet 9371:Neolithic China 9366:Zarzian culture 9327: 9244: 9239: 9194: 9188:10.11141/ia.9.4 9169: 9167: 9142: 9132: 9124:. GRIN Verlag. 9116: 9114:Further reading 9111: 9076: 9068:. p. 384. 9066:Wiley-Blackwell 9056:Bellwood, Peter 9050: 9045: 9044: 9036: 9032: 9031: 9027: 9017: 9015: 9006: 9005: 9001: 8991: 8989: 8981: 8980: 8976: 8970:Wayback Machine 8961: 8957: 8947: 8945: 8943: 8927: 8923: 8912: 8905: 8895: 8893: 8891: 8883:. Oxbow Books. 8875: 8871: 8864: 8848: 8844: 8829: 8825: 8802: 8798: 8788: 8786: 8775: 8771: 8761: 8759: 8755: 8748: 8744: 8743: 8739: 8729: 8727: 8716: 8712: 8702: 8700: 8698: 8682: 8678: 8672:Wayback Machine 8663: 8656: 8647: 8643: 8634: 8630: 8620: 8618: 8616: 8600: 8596: 8591: 8587: 8582: 8578: 8572:Wayback Machine 8563: 8559: 8549: 8547: 8532: 8528: 8518: 8516: 8507: 8506: 8502: 8497: 8490: 8480: 8478: 8470: 8469: 8465: 8455: 8453: 8451: 8435: 8428: 8416: 8412: 8405: 8391: 8387: 8377: 8375: 8370: 8369: 8365: 8355: 8353: 8349: 8338: 8334: 8333: 8329: 8319: 8317: 8315: 8299: 8295: 8288: 8272: 8265: 8256: 8252: 8247: 8243: 8200: 8196: 8189: 8173: 8169: 8158:The Korea Times 8155: 8151: 8145:Wayback Machine 8135: 8131: 8120: 8116: 8106: 8104: 8095: 8094: 8090: 8035: 8031: 8020: 8016: 7985:10.1038/440755a 7961: 7957: 7951: 7935:Wright, Rita P. 7932: 7928: 7921: 7905: 7901: 7893: 7877: 7873: 7857: 7853: 7816: 7812: 7804: 7795: 7779: 7775: 7763: 7759: 7748: 7744: 7736: 7732: 7717: 7713: 7694: 7690: 7680: 7678: 7669: 7668: 7664: 7654: 7652: 7642: 7638: 7597:(6): e0198941. 7583: 7579: 7569: 7567: 7565: 7549: 7545: 7506: 7502: 7461:(1): e0191765. 7447: 7443: 7404: 7400: 7361: 7357: 7295: 7284: 7274: 7272: 7270: 7254: 7250: 7240: 7238: 7236: 7220: 7216: 7209: 7191: 7187: 7177: 7175: 7173: 7157: 7153: 7146: 7132: 7128: 7118: 7116: 7101: 7097: 7088: 7086: 7082: 7051: 7045: 7041: 7034: 7013: 7009: 7001: 6997: 6982: 6978: 6968:Wayback Machine 6958: 6954: 6946: 6942: 6936:Wayback Machine 6927: 6923: 6916: 6894: 6890: 6881: 6877: 6867: 6865: 6849: 6845: 6838:"Neolithic Age" 6836: 6835: 6831: 6778:Bar-Yosef, Ofer 6774: 6770: 6745: 6741: 6734: 6718: 6714: 6707: 6691: 6687: 6680: 6664: 6660: 6597: 6593: 6585: 6572: 6562: 6560: 6514: 6510: 6503: 6489: 6485: 6425: 6421: 6410: 6406: 6392: 6388: 6381: 6377: 6372: 6368: 6359: 6357: 6349: 6348: 6344: 6335: 6331: 6326: 6322: 6312: 6292: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6198: 6190: 6189: 6180: 6167: 6161: 6147: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6120: 6113: 6112: 6104: 6100: 6093: 6090: 6086: 6076: 6068: 6058: 6050: 6044: 6039: 6038: 6032: 6027: 6021: 6017: 6015: 6011: 6010: 6003: 6000:(5500–4500 BC) 5999: 5991: 5976:(6000–4800 BC) 5975: 5971: 5960: 5959: 5958: 5957: 5956: 5955: 5954: 5950: 5943: 5933: 5925: 5924: 5923: 5922: 5921: 5920: 5919: 5915: 5914: 5913: 5909: 5898: 5887: 5877:Tell el-'Oueili 5874: 5869: 5856: 5852: 5841: 5837: 5827: 5822:(7000–5000 BC) 5821: 5817: 5796: 5785: 5783:Tell Sabi Abyad 5781: 5768: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5742: 5729: 5725: 5711: 5709:Tell Sabi Abyad 5704: 5700: 5698: 5691: 5687: 5677: 5672:(8500–8000 BC) 5671: 5667: 5659: 5650: 5646: 5637: 5633: 5623: 5618: 5614: 5606: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5561: 5555: 5525: 5512: 5495: 5486: 5473: 5454: 5436: 5426: 5418: 5417: 5409: 5408: 5402: 5397: 5367: 5340:late Trypillian 5304:Periodization: 5301: 5245: 5243:Later Neolithic 5240: 5177:Lengyel culture 5051:Erlitou culture 5009:Dadiwan culture 4982:Cardium pottery 4939:Periodization: 4937: 4913:Dudeşti culture 4907:Katundas Cavern 4857:Periodization: 4855: 4853:Early Neolithic 4841: 4804: 4803: 4802: 4746: 4738: 4737: 4736: 4725:Capsian culture 4639: 4616:Neolithic Tibet 4521:Dadiwan culture 4479:Vučedol culture 4464:Usatovo culture 4384:Dudești culture 4312:Merimde culture 4265:Qaraoun culture 4236:Heavy Neolithic 4225: 4201: 3910:Quezon, Palawan 3890:northern Syria 3801:Padah-Lin Caves 3787:North Macedonia 3264:late date (BC) 3239: 3178: 3147:Heavy Neolithic 3108: 3106:Epipalaeolithic 3096: 3084:Later Stone Age 3082: 3052: 3038:Control of fire 3026: 2960: 2954: 2930: 2863:wattle and daub 2808:grinding stones 2793: 2782: 2776: 2773: 2758: 2742: 2731: 2725: 2642:hunter-gatherer 2598: 2592: 2586:, for example. 2568:Ljubljana Marsh 2539: 2514: 2384:Ancient Hawaiʻi 2316: 2311: 2298:hunter-gatherer 2290: 2281:dryland farming 2265:Formative stage 2261:different terms 2253: 2116:Early Neolithic 2098: 2096:Neolithic China 2092: 1970:archaeogenetics 1963:, southeastern 1919:North Macedonia 1907: 1901: 1837:Later Stone Age 1825: 1815: 1779: 1734: 1710: 1562: 1527: 1521: 1468: 1462: 1420:in the Levant ( 1382: 1376: 1334:Heavy Neolithic 1273: 1260: 1254: 1246:demic diffusion 1196: 1186: 1185: 1179: 1178: 1172: 1171: 1165: 1164: 1158: 1157: 1151: 1150: 1142: 1141: 1139:Epipalaeolithic 1135: 1134: 1128: 1127: 1121: 1120: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 881: 855: 849: 838: 827: 821: 818: 807: 795: 784: 779: 701: 631: 621:, as it did in 619:Erlitou culture 546:hunter-gatherer 508:'stone') is an 453: 415: 414: 413: 407: 402: 401: 398: 372: 355:Ancient history 350: 340: 339: 336: 288: 233: 224:Epipalaeolithic 192: 159: 140: 139: 138: 129: 119: 118: 86:Epipalaeolithic 54: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11443: 11433: 11432: 11427: 11422: 11417: 11400: 11399: 11396: 11395: 11392: 11391: 11389: 11388: 11387: 11386: 11376: 11371: 11370: 11369: 11364: 11359: 11354: 11352:Alligator drum 11344: 11343: 11342: 11332: 11327: 11322: 11321: 11320: 11315: 11310: 11300: 11299: 11298: 11288: 11283: 11282: 11281: 11279:lunar calendar 11276: 11265: 11263: 11262:Other cultural 11259: 11258: 11256: 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11230: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11210: 11209: 11208: 11203: 11193: 11188: 11183: 11182: 11181: 11176: 11166: 11161: 11160: 11159: 11149: 11144: 11139: 11134: 11133: 11132: 11122: 11121: 11120: 11110: 11109: 11108: 11098: 11097: 11096: 11091: 11080: 11078: 11072: 11071: 11069: 11068: 11066:Venus figurine 11063: 11062: 11061: 11056: 11046: 11041: 11036: 11035: 11034: 11029: 11019: 11014: 11009: 11004: 10999: 10997:Megalithic art 10994: 10993: 10992: 10987: 10977: 10972: 10967: 10966: 10965: 10955: 10950: 10948:Cave paintings 10945: 10940: 10935: 10930: 10925: 10924: 10923: 10913: 10907: 10905: 10899: 10898: 10896: 10895: 10894: 10893: 10888: 10878: 10873: 10868: 10867: 10866: 10861: 10856: 10851: 10846: 10841: 10831: 10826: 10825: 10824: 10814: 10813: 10812: 10807: 10797: 10792: 10787: 10786: 10785: 10775: 10770: 10765: 10760: 10754: 10752: 10750:Material goods 10742: 10741: 10725: 10724: 10721: 10720: 10717: 10716: 10714: 10713: 10712: 10711: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10686: 10681: 10680: 10679: 10669: 10664: 10663: 10662: 10652: 10651: 10650: 10640: 10639: 10638: 10628: 10623: 10617: 10615: 10611: 10610: 10608: 10607: 10602: 10597: 10592: 10587: 10581: 10579: 10575: 10574: 10572: 10571: 10566: 10561: 10560: 10559: 10549: 10544: 10543: 10542: 10537: 10532: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10506: 10505: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10484: 10483: 10473: 10468: 10466:Cliff dwelling 10463: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10443: 10442: 10441: 10430: 10428: 10424: 10423: 10421: 10420: 10419: 10418: 10413: 10408: 10398: 10393: 10387: 10385: 10377: 10376: 10364: 10363: 10360: 10359: 10356: 10355: 10353: 10352: 10351: 10350: 10340: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10324: 10323: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10262: 10261: 10251: 10250: 10249: 10244: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10218: 10217: 10207: 10202: 10197: 10196: 10195: 10185: 10179: 10177: 10171: 10170: 10168: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10111: 10110: 10105: 10100: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10074: 10073: 10063: 10058: 10053: 10051:Fire hardening 10048: 10043: 10041:Clovis culture 10038: 10033: 10032: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10010: 10008: 10002: 10001: 9998: 9997: 9995: 9994: 9993: 9992: 9981: 9979: 9975: 9974: 9972: 9971: 9966: 9964:Manis Mastodon 9961: 9956: 9951: 9946: 9941: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9920: 9919: 9908: 9906: 9900: 9899: 9897: 9896: 9895: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9864: 9859: 9858: 9857: 9847: 9846: 9845: 9843:throwing stick 9835: 9829: 9823: 9817: 9816: 9814: 9813: 9808: 9803: 9798: 9793: 9788: 9783: 9782: 9781: 9776: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9750: 9749: 9739: 9734: 9728: 9726: 9722: 9721: 9719: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9698: 9693: 9688: 9683: 9678: 9673: 9672: 9671: 9666: 9655: 9653: 9643: 9642: 9630: 9629: 9627: 9626: 9621: 9620: 9619: 9609: 9608: 9607: 9602: 9597: 9592: 9587: 9576: 9573: 9572: 9565: 9564: 9557: 9550: 9542: 9533: 9532: 9530: 9529: 9519: 9508: 9505: 9504: 9502: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9450: 9448: 9442: 9441: 9439: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9422: 9420: 9414: 9413: 9411: 9410: 9404: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9337: 9335: 9329: 9328: 9326: 9325: 9323:Xiaochangliang 9320: 9315: 9310: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9260: 9254: 9252: 9246: 9245: 9238: 9237: 9230: 9223: 9215: 9209: 9208: 9192: 9175: 9155: 9141: 9140:External links 9138: 9137: 9136: 9130: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9109: 9091:(8): 1339–45. 9080: 9074: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9043: 9042: 9025: 8999: 8974: 8955: 8941: 8921: 8903: 8889: 8869: 8862: 8842: 8823: 8796: 8785:. Academia.org 8769: 8737: 8726:. Academia.edu 8710: 8696: 8676: 8654: 8641: 8628: 8614: 8594: 8585: 8576: 8557: 8526: 8500: 8488: 8463: 8449: 8426: 8410: 8403: 8385: 8363: 8327: 8313: 8293: 8286: 8263: 8257:White, Peter, 8250: 8241: 8212:(4): 645–669. 8194: 8187: 8167: 8149: 8129: 8114: 8088: 8029: 8014: 7955: 7949: 7926: 7919: 7899: 7891: 7871: 7851: 7810: 7793: 7773: 7764:Daniel Cilia, 7757: 7742: 7730: 7711: 7688: 7662: 7636: 7577: 7564:978-0520045743 7563: 7543: 7500: 7441: 7414:(2): 107–154. 7398: 7355: 7282: 7268: 7248: 7234: 7214: 7207: 7185: 7171: 7151: 7144: 7126: 7095: 7062:(7): 818–828. 7039: 7032: 7026:. p. 73. 7007: 6995: 6976: 6952: 6940: 6921: 6915:978-0199212972 6914: 6888: 6884:Ofer Bar-Yosef 6875: 6843: 6829: 6768: 6739: 6733:978-1591438359 6732: 6712: 6706:978-2271081872 6705: 6685: 6679:978-3319484020 6678: 6658: 6591: 6589:, p. 384. 6570: 6508: 6501: 6483: 6419: 6404: 6386: 6375: 6366: 6342: 6329: 6320: 6285: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6249:Neolithic tomb 6246: 6241: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6226: 6225: 6221: 6220: 6215:Succeeded by: 6212: 6209: 6208: 6202: 6193: 6186: 6185: 6175: 6169: 6155: 6149: 6140: 6136: 6130: 6129: 6127:Kul Tepe Jolfa 6124: 6118: 6106: 6095: 6091: 6079: 6073: 6072: 6063: 6056: 6047:Hadji Muhammed 6025: 6019: 6005: 6001: 5994: 5988: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5969: 5964: 5948: 5941: 5936: 5930: 5929: 5902: 5900:Sang-i Chakmak 5891: 5880: 5862: 5859:Sha'ar HaGolan 5845: 5830: 5824: 5823: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5789: 5774: 5761: 5745: 5739: 5738: 5733: 5720: 5715: 5706: 5693: 5680: 5674: 5673: 5654: 5641: 5626: 5620: 5619: 5609: 5603: 5602: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5558: 5557: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5522: 5521: 5516: 5506: 5501: 5490: 5483: 5477: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5431: 5428: 5427: 5407: 5404: 5403: 5396: 5395: 5388: 5381: 5373: 5366: 5363: 5362: 5361: 5358:Beaker culture 5355: 5349: 5343: 5337: 5331: 5325: 5297:Main article: 5295: 5294: 5290: 5289: 5283: 5282: 5281: 5280:(5400–4500 BC) 5275: 5269: 5239: 5238: 5233: 5232: 5231: 5216: 5211: 5210: 5209: 5198: 5197: 5196: 5186: 5180: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5118: 5117: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5074:Hemudu culture 5071: 5065: 5060: 5059: 5058: 5048: 5047: 5046: 5035: 5029: 5028: 5027: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4990: 4985: 4979: 4974: 4973: 4972: 4960:Baodun culture 4957: 4950: 4932: 4931: 4928: 4922: 4919:Beixin culture 4916: 4910: 4904: 4898: 4892: 4889:Cishan culture 4886: 4883:Franchthi Cave 4880: 4874: 4843: 4842: 4840: 4839: 4832: 4825: 4817: 4814: 4813: 4806: 4805: 4801: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4748: 4747: 4744: 4743: 4740: 4739: 4735: 4734: 4733: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4699: 4698: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4635: 4630: 4620: 4619: 4618: 4613: 4611:Yueshi culture 4608: 4603: 4601:Baodun culture 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4576:Songze culture 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4546:Hemudu culture 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4516:Cishan culture 4513: 4511:Beixin culture 4508: 4503: 4493: 4492: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4444:Sesklo culture 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4424:Ozieri culture 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4404:Kakanj culture 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4379:Danilo culture 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4354:Butmir culture 4351: 4346: 4336: 4335: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4307:Tasian culture 4304: 4294: 4293: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4227: 4226: 4223: 4222: 4219: 4218: 4211: 4210: 4200: 4197: 4167: 4166: 4163: 4160: 4157: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4141: 4135: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4122: 4116: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4104: 4097: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4088: 4082: 4080:Tagant Plateau 4072: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4063: 4057: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4041: 4036: 4030: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4017: 4011: 4010: 4008: 4006: 4003: 3998: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3983: 3974: 3964: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3953: 3946: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3932: 3929:Hemudu culture 3925: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3916: 3907: 3900: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3891: 3888: 3882: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3873: 3860: 3854: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3841: 3835: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3764: 3758: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3744: 3738: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3728: 3723: 3717: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3684: 3678: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3669: 3664: 3658: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3644: 3638: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3625: 3619: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3604: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3591: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3572: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3532: 3528: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3514: 3508: 3507: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3493: 3487: 3486: 3481: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3466: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3453: 3447: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3427: 3421: 3420: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3403: 3397: 3396: 3391:Epipaleolithic 3387: 3385: 3382: 3377: 3374:Tell es-Sultan 3369: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3342: 3333: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3318: 3315: 3309: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3295: 3293:Franchthi Cave 3289: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3275: 3269: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3241: 3240: 3238: 3237: 3230: 3223: 3215: 3212: 3211: 3204: 3203: 3202: 3201: 3200: 3199: 3189: 3184: 3183: 3182: 3165: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3138: 3137: 3131:Bow and Arrows 3116: 3115: 3103: 3102: 3101: 3100: 3077: 3076: 3075: 3070: 3063: 3047: 3046: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3013: 3012: 2997: 2996: 2956:Main article: 2953: 2950: 2942:spindle whorls 2929: 2926: 2849:, houses were 2795: 2794: 2745: 2743: 2736: 2727:Main article: 2724: 2721: 2594:Main article: 2591: 2588: 2560:Pianura Padana 2513: 2510: 2424:Central Europe 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2289: 2286: 2252: 2249: 2094:Main article: 2091: 2088: 1989:Starčevo-Körös 1903:Main article: 1900: 1897: 1884:South Cushitic 1857:eastern Africa 1849:archaeologists 1814: 1811: 1778: 1775: 1733: 1730: 1709: 1706: 1694: 1693: 1682: 1675: 1664: 1646: 1636:Frédéric Abbès 1628:Jacques Cauvin 1561: 1558: 1525:Late Neolithic 1523:Main article: 1520: 1519:Late Neolithic 1517: 1511:into southern 1497:Eastern Desert 1464:Main article: 1461: 1458: 1398:Tell Fekheriye 1378:Main article: 1375: 1372: 1294:Tell es-Sultan 1274: 9000 BC 1256:Main article: 1253: 1250: 1198: 1197: 1194:Before Present 1188: 1187: 1181: 1180: 1174: 1173: 1167: 1166: 1160: 1159: 1153: 1152: 1144: 1143: 1137: 1136: 1130: 1129: 1123: 1122: 1114: 1113: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 976: 971: 966: 961: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 883: 882: 880: 879: 872: 865: 854: 851: 850: 847: 840: 839: 798: 796: 789: 783: 782:Southwest Asia 780: 778: 775: 763:Early Japanese 759:Southwest Asia 751:Southeast Asia 649:Following the 630: 627: 455: 454: 452: 451: 444: 437: 429: 426: 425: 420:Holocene epoch 404: 403: 400: 399: 397: 396: 391: 385: 383: 381:Modern history 378: 373: 371: 370: 365: 359: 357: 351: 346: 345: 342: 341: 338: 337: 335: 334: 329: 324: 322:Southeast Asia 319: 314: 309: 303: 301: 296: 289: 287: 286: 281: 276: 271: 265: 263: 258: 253: 247: 246: 245: 244: 239: 232: 231: 226: 220: 218: 217: 216: 211: 206: 198: 193: 191: 190: 183: 175: 173: 166: 160: 155: 154: 151: 150: 145:Pliocene epoch 126: 125: 112: 111: 99: 98: 93: 89: 88: 79: 75: 74: 71: 67: 66: 60: 56: 55: 41: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11442: 11431: 11428: 11426: 11423: 11421: 11418: 11416: 11413: 11412: 11410: 11385: 11382: 11381: 11380: 11377: 11375: 11372: 11368: 11365: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11353: 11350: 11349: 11348: 11345: 11341: 11338: 11337: 11336: 11333: 11331: 11328: 11326: 11323: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11311: 11309: 11306: 11305: 11304: 11301: 11297: 11294: 11293: 11292: 11289: 11287: 11284: 11280: 11277: 11275: 11272: 11271: 11270: 11267: 11266: 11264: 11260: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11238:Simple dolmen 11236: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11223:Passage grave 11221: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11198: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11180: 11177: 11175: 11172: 11171: 11170: 11169:Gallery grave 11167: 11165: 11162: 11158: 11155: 11154: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11131: 11128: 11127: 11126: 11123: 11119: 11116: 11115: 11114: 11111: 11107: 11104: 11103: 11102: 11099: 11095: 11092: 11090: 11087: 11086: 11085: 11084:Burial mounds 11082: 11081: 11079: 11077: 11073: 11067: 11064: 11060: 11057: 11055: 11052: 11051: 11050: 11047: 11045: 11044:Statue menhir 11042: 11040: 11037: 11033: 11032:Stone carving 11030: 11028: 11025: 11024: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10982: 10981: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10964: 10961: 10960: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10922: 10919: 10918: 10917: 10914: 10912: 10909: 10908: 10906: 10904: 10900: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10883: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10874: 10872: 10871:Sewing needle 10869: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10852: 10850: 10847: 10845: 10842: 10840: 10837: 10836: 10835: 10832: 10830: 10827: 10823: 10820: 10819: 10818: 10815: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10802: 10801: 10798: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10788: 10784: 10781: 10780: 10779: 10776: 10774: 10771: 10769: 10766: 10764: 10761: 10759: 10756: 10755: 10753: 10751: 10747: 10743: 10739: 10735: 10730: 10726: 10710: 10707: 10706: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10699:Timber circle 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10685: 10682: 10678: 10675: 10674: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10661: 10658: 10657: 10656: 10653: 10649: 10648:Tor enclosure 10646: 10645: 10644: 10641: 10637: 10636:fulacht fiadh 10634: 10633: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10618: 10616: 10612: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10582: 10580: 10576: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10558: 10555: 10554: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10528: 10527: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10504: 10501: 10500: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10482: 10479: 10478: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10464: 10462: 10459: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10449: 10447: 10444: 10440: 10437: 10436: 10435: 10432: 10431: 10429: 10425: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10403: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10388: 10386: 10382: 10378: 10374: 10369: 10365: 10349: 10346: 10345: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10322: 10319: 10318: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10260: 10257: 10256: 10255: 10252: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10240: 10239: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10216: 10213: 10212: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10194: 10191: 10190: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10180: 10178: 10176: 10172: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10096: 10095: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10072: 10069: 10068: 10067: 10064: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10054: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10016: 10015: 10012: 10011: 10009: 10007: 10003: 9991: 9988: 9987: 9986: 9983: 9982: 9980: 9976: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9918: 9915: 9914: 9913: 9910: 9909: 9907: 9905: 9901: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9872:spear-thrower 9870: 9869: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9856: 9853: 9852: 9851: 9850:Bow and arrow 9848: 9844: 9841: 9840: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9830: 9827: 9824: 9822: 9818: 9812: 9809: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9771: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9759:Grinding slab 9757: 9755: 9752: 9748: 9745: 9744: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9729: 9727: 9723: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9694: 9692: 9691:Domestication 9689: 9687: 9686:Digging stick 9684: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9664:Founder crops 9662: 9661: 9660: 9657: 9656: 9654: 9652: 9648: 9644: 9640: 9635: 9631: 9625: 9622: 9618: 9615: 9614: 9613: 9610: 9606: 9605:New Stone Age 9603: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9582: 9581: 9578: 9577: 9574: 9570: 9563: 9558: 9556: 9551: 9549: 9544: 9543: 9540: 9528: 9520: 9518: 9510: 9509: 9506: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9451: 9449: 9447: 9443: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9431:Halaf culture 9429: 9427: 9424: 9423: 9421: 9419: 9415: 9409:(Mesopotamia) 9408: 9405: 9403:(Mesopotamia) 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9338: 9336: 9334: 9330: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9266: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9255: 9253: 9251: 9247: 9243: 9236: 9231: 9229: 9224: 9222: 9217: 9216: 9213: 9205: 9204: 9198: 9193: 9189: 9185: 9181: 9176: 9166:on 2008-04-30 9165: 9161: 9156: 9154: 9153: 9148: 9144: 9143: 9133: 9127: 9123: 9118: 9117: 9106: 9102: 9098: 9094: 9090: 9086: 9081: 9077: 9071: 9067: 9063: 9062: 9057: 9053: 9052: 9035: 9029: 9013: 9009: 9003: 8988: 8984: 8978: 8971: 8967: 8964: 8959: 8944: 8938: 8934: 8933: 8925: 8917: 8910: 8908: 8892: 8886: 8882: 8881: 8873: 8865: 8859: 8855: 8854: 8846: 8838: 8834: 8827: 8819: 8815: 8811: 8807: 8800: 8784: 8780: 8773: 8758:on 5 May 2016 8754: 8747: 8741: 8725: 8721: 8714: 8699: 8693: 8689: 8688: 8680: 8673: 8669: 8666: 8661: 8659: 8651: 8645: 8638: 8632: 8617: 8611: 8607: 8606: 8598: 8589: 8580: 8573: 8569: 8566: 8561: 8545: 8541: 8537: 8530: 8514: 8510: 8504: 8495: 8493: 8477: 8476:New Scientist 8473: 8467: 8452: 8446: 8442: 8441: 8433: 8431: 8423: 8419: 8414: 8406: 8400: 8396: 8389: 8373: 8367: 8348: 8344: 8337: 8331: 8316: 8310: 8306: 8305: 8297: 8289: 8287:0-7190-5612-8 8283: 8279: 8278: 8270: 8268: 8260: 8254: 8245: 8237: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8219: 8215: 8211: 8207: 8206: 8198: 8190: 8184: 8180: 8179: 8171: 8164: 8160: 8159: 8153: 8146: 8142: 8139: 8133: 8125: 8118: 8107:September 18, 8102: 8098: 8092: 8084: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8056: 8052: 8048: 8044: 8040: 8033: 8025: 8018: 8010: 8006: 8002: 7998: 7994: 7990: 7986: 7982: 7978: 7974: 7970: 7966: 7959: 7952: 7946: 7942: 7941: 7936: 7930: 7922: 7916: 7912: 7911: 7903: 7894: 7888: 7884: 7883: 7875: 7865: 7861: 7855: 7846: 7841: 7837: 7833: 7829: 7825: 7821: 7814: 7807: 7802: 7800: 7798: 7791: 7787: 7783: 7777: 7770: 7769: 7761: 7753: 7746: 7739: 7734: 7726: 7722: 7715: 7707: 7703: 7699: 7692: 7676: 7672: 7666: 7651: 7647: 7640: 7632: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7592: 7588: 7581: 7566: 7560: 7556: 7555: 7547: 7539: 7535: 7531: 7527: 7523: 7519: 7515: 7511: 7504: 7496: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7468: 7464: 7460: 7456: 7452: 7445: 7437: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7421: 7417: 7413: 7409: 7402: 7394: 7390: 7386: 7382: 7378: 7374: 7371:(2): 99–143. 7370: 7366: 7359: 7351: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7333: 7329: 7325: 7321: 7317: 7313: 7309: 7305: 7301: 7293: 7291: 7289: 7287: 7271: 7265: 7261: 7260: 7252: 7237: 7231: 7227: 7226: 7218: 7210: 7204: 7200: 7196: 7189: 7174: 7168: 7164: 7163: 7155: 7147: 7141: 7138:. Routledge. 7137: 7130: 7114: 7110: 7106: 7099: 7085:on 2022-03-09 7081: 7077: 7073: 7069: 7065: 7061: 7057: 7050: 7043: 7035: 7033:9780415757539 7029: 7025: 7021: 7017: 7016:Bard, Kathryn 7011: 7004: 6999: 6992: 6988: 6987: 6980: 6973: 6970:(in French), 6969: 6965: 6962: 6956: 6949: 6944: 6937: 6933: 6930: 6925: 6917: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6899: 6892: 6885: 6879: 6864: 6860: 6859: 6854: 6847: 6839: 6833: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6805: 6801: 6797: 6794:: 1372–1374. 6793: 6789: 6785: 6784: 6779: 6772: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6755: 6750: 6743: 6735: 6729: 6725: 6724: 6716: 6708: 6702: 6698: 6697: 6689: 6681: 6675: 6671: 6670: 6662: 6654: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6636: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6618: 6614: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6595: 6588: 6587:Bellwood 2004 6583: 6581: 6579: 6577: 6575: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6531: 6527: 6523: 6519: 6512: 6504: 6498: 6494: 6487: 6479: 6475: 6471: 6467: 6463: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6423: 6415: 6408: 6401: 6397: 6390: 6384: 6379: 6370: 6356: 6352: 6346: 6339: 6333: 6324: 6316: 6308: 6304: 6303: 6297: 6290: 6286: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6236: 6219: 6218: 6211: 6210: 6206: 6201: 6197: 6194: 6188: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6176: 6173: 6165: 6159: 6156: 6153: 6150: 6146: 6132: 6131: 6128: 6123: 6119: 6116: 6110: 6107: 6103: 6099: 6096: 6092: 6089: 6085: 6084: 6075: 6074: 6071: 6067: 6064: 6061: 6057: 6054: 6048: 6042: 6036: 6030: 6024: 6020: 6014: 6009: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5990: 5989: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5974: 5968: 5967:Umm Dabaghiya 5965: 5963: 5953: 5946: 5942: 5940: 5932: 5931: 5928: 5918: 5912: 5908: 5907: 5901: 5897: 5896: 5890: 5886: 5885: 5878: 5872: 5868: 5867: 5860: 5855: 5851: 5850: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5835: 5826: 5825: 5820: 5816: 5815: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5795: 5794: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5779: 5772: 5767: 5766: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5750: 5741: 5740: 5737: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5714: 5710: 5703: 5697: 5690: 5686: 5685: 5676: 5675: 5670: 5666: 5664: 5658: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5631: 5622: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5605: 5604: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5573: 5560: 5559: 5554: 5553:Early Pottery 5524: 5523: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5499: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5484: 5482: 5478: 5476: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5435: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5415: 5405: 5401: 5394: 5389: 5387: 5382: 5380: 5375: 5374: 5371: 5359: 5356: 5353: 5350: 5347: 5346:Gaudo Culture 5344: 5341: 5338: 5335: 5332: 5329: 5326: 5323: 5320: 5319: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5300: 5292: 5291: 5287: 5284: 5279: 5276: 5273: 5270: 5267: 5266:Halaf culture 5264: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5249: 5248:Periodization 5244: 5237: 5234: 5229: 5225: 5222: 5221: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5214:Xinle culture 5212: 5207: 5204: 5203: 5202: 5199: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5190: 5187: 5184: 5183:Varna culture 5181: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5172:Vinča culture 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5115: 5111: 5110:Goseck circle 5108: 5107: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5084:Houli culture 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5057: 5054: 5053: 5052: 5049: 5044: 5041: 5040: 5039: 5036: 5033: 5030: 5025: 5022: 5021: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4970: 4966: 4963: 4962: 4961: 4958: 4955: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4948: 4946: 4942: 4936: 4929: 4926: 4923: 4920: 4917: 4914: 4911: 4908: 4905: 4902: 4899: 4896: 4893: 4890: 4887: 4884: 4881: 4878: 4875: 4872: 4869: 4868: 4867: 4866: 4864: 4860: 4854: 4850: 4849: 4838: 4833: 4831: 4826: 4824: 4819: 4818: 4816: 4815: 4812: 4808: 4807: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4753: 4750: 4749: 4742: 4741: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4660:Chopani Mando 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4625: 4624: 4621: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4536:Xinle culture 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4526:Houli culture 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4498: 4497: 4494: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4474:Vinča culture 4472: 4470: 4469:Varna culture 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4454:Tisza culture 4452: 4450: 4449:Sopot culture 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4419:Malta Temples 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4349:Boian culture 4347: 4345: 4342: 4341: 4340: 4337: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4322:Maadi culture 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4299: 4298: 4295: 4291: 4290:Ubaid culture 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4280:Halaf culture 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4232: 4229: 4228: 4221: 4220: 4217: 4213: 4212: 4209: 4205: 4204: 4196: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4164: 4161: 4158: 4155: 4154: 4151: 4148: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4117: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4105: 4102: 4099: 4098: 4095: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4083: 4081: 4077: 4074: 4073: 4070: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4058: 4055: 4052: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3996:Brú na Bóinne 3994: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3969: 3968:Knap of Howar 3966: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3948: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3930: 3927: 3926: 3923: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3911: 3908: 3905: 3902: 3901: 3898: 3895: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3779: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3762:Horton Plains 3760: 3759: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3739: 3735: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3679: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3659: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3609: 3606: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3509: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3488: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3422: 3419: 3418:Kunda culture 3415: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3371: 3370: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3352: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3310: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3270: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3236: 3231: 3229: 3224: 3222: 3217: 3216: 3214: 3213: 3210: 3206: 3205: 3198: 3195: 3194: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3181: 3180:Domestication 3177: 3174: 3173: 3172: 3171: 3170: 3169: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3125: 3124: 3123: 3122: 3121: 3120: 3114: 3111: 3110: 3109: 3107: 3099: 3094: 3090: 3087: 3086: 3085: 3081: 3078: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3068: 3064: 3062: 3061: 3057: 3056: 3055: 3051: 3048: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3033: 3029: 3028: 3025: 3022: 3021: 3020: 3019: 3015: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3005: 2999: 2998: 2995: 2991: 2990: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2964: 2959: 2949: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2925: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2898: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2883:chamber tombs 2880: 2876: 2875:British Isles 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2839: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2800: 2791: 2788: 2780: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2751: 2746:This section 2744: 2740: 2735: 2734: 2730: 2720: 2718: 2714: 2708: 2706: 2701: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2686: 2682: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2671: 2665: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2650: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2624: 2619: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2587: 2585: 2584:Upper Austria 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2544: 2538: 2534: 2527: 2523: 2518: 2509: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2484:' or a proto- 2483: 2479: 2475: 2470: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2451: 2449: 2445: 2444:burial mounds 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2420: 2417: 2412: 2408: 2407:large animals 2404: 2403:domestication 2395: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2358:of developed 2357: 2353: 2349: 2340: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2320: 2306: 2304: 2299: 2295: 2285: 2282: 2276: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2248: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2213: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2199: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2149: 2145: 2143: 2139: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2122: 2117: 2113: 2112: 2107: 2103: 2097: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2076: 2074: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2024: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2009:Vinča culture 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1977: 1975: 1971: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1951:In southeast 1946: 1942: 1931: 1926: 1920: 1916: 1915:Tumba Madžari 1911: 1906: 1896: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1860: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1824: 1820: 1810: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1793:(and perhaps 1792: 1788: 1784: 1774: 1771: 1770:Graeme Barker 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1738: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1698:Jerf el Ahmar 1691: 1687: 1683: 1680: 1676: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1640: 1639: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1620: 1618: 1617:Halaf culture 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1594: 1590: 1585: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1557: 1555: 1550: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1526: 1516: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1467: 1457: 1454: 1451:where people 1450: 1449:ancestor cult 1445: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1371: 1369: 1364: 1361: 1356: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1337: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1318:Jordan Valley 1315: 1311: 1310:Kfar HaHoresh 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1279: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1204: 1195: 1189: 1184: 1177: 1170: 1163: 1156: 1148: 1140: 1133: 1126: 1118: 884: 878: 873: 871: 866: 864: 859: 858: 852: 845: 836: 833: 825: 815: 811: 805: 804: 799:This section 797: 793: 788: 787: 774: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 735: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 704:einkorn wheat 699: 698: 695: 691: 687: 683: 678: 676: 675:Younger Dryas 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 644: 640: 635: 626: 624: 620: 617: 613: 605: 601: 600:Ancient Egypt 597: 592: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 561: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 506: 495: 486: 482: 481:New Stone Age 478: 470: 466: 461: 450: 445: 443: 438: 436: 431: 430: 428: 427: 421: 412: 406: 405: 395: 392: 390: 387: 386: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 369: 366: 364: 361: 360: 358: 356: 353: 352: 349: 344: 343: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 304: 302: 300: 297: 295: 294: 290: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 266: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 248: 243: 240: 238: 235: 234: 230: 227: 225: 222: 221: 219: 215: 212: 210: 207: 205: 204: 199: 197: 194: 189: 188: 184: 182: 181: 177: 176: 174: 172: 169: 168: 167: 165: 162: 161: 158: 153: 152: 146: 137: 136: 128: 127: 123: 117: 116:Human history 114: 113: 109: 105: 104: 97: 94: 90: 87: 83: 80: 76: 72: 68: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 39: 34: 19: 18:Neolithic era 11179:wedge-shaped 11164:Funeral pyre 11157:Great dolmen 11113:Chamber tomb 11094:Round barrow 11049:Stone circle 10921:Blombos Cave 10849:Grooved ware 10773:Chalcolithic 10677:Thornborough 10595:Flush toilet 10530:Blombos Cave 10525:Rock shelter 10481:Quiggly hole 10373:Architecture 10348:illustration 9990:Buffalo jump 9811:Storage pits 9774:Aşıklı Höyük 9764:Ground stone 9604: 9600:Subdivisions 9527:Time periods 9418:Chalcolithic 9332: 9201: 9179: 9168:. Retrieved 9164:the original 9150: 9121: 9088: 9084: 9060: 9028: 9016:. Retrieved 9012:the original 9002: 8990:. Retrieved 8986: 8977: 8958: 8946:. Retrieved 8931: 8924: 8894:. Retrieved 8879: 8872: 8852: 8845: 8836: 8832: 8826: 8809: 8805: 8799: 8787:. Retrieved 8782: 8772: 8760:. Retrieved 8753:the original 8740: 8728:. Retrieved 8723: 8713: 8701:. Retrieved 8686: 8679: 8649: 8644: 8636: 8631: 8619:. Retrieved 8604: 8597: 8588: 8579: 8560: 8548:. Retrieved 8544:the original 8539: 8529: 8517:. Retrieved 8513:the original 8503: 8479:. Retrieved 8475: 8466: 8454:. Retrieved 8439: 8413: 8394: 8388: 8376:. Retrieved 8366: 8354:. Retrieved 8347:the original 8342: 8330: 8318:. Retrieved 8303: 8296: 8276: 8253: 8244: 8209: 8203: 8197: 8177: 8170: 8156: 8152: 8132: 8123: 8117: 8105:. Retrieved 8091: 8046: 8042: 8032: 8023: 8017: 7968: 7964: 7958: 7939: 7929: 7909: 7902: 7881: 7874: 7863: 7854: 7827: 7823: 7813: 7781: 7776: 7767: 7760: 7751: 7745: 7733: 7724: 7714: 7706:the original 7701: 7691: 7679:. Retrieved 7675:ScienceDaily 7674: 7665: 7653:. Retrieved 7649: 7639: 7594: 7590: 7580: 7568:. Retrieved 7553: 7546: 7516:(1): 49–82. 7513: 7509: 7503: 7458: 7454: 7444: 7411: 7407: 7401: 7368: 7364: 7358: 7307: 7303: 7273:. Retrieved 7258: 7251: 7239:. Retrieved 7224: 7217: 7198: 7188: 7176:. Retrieved 7161: 7154: 7135: 7129: 7117:. Retrieved 7113:the original 7108: 7098: 7087:. Retrieved 7080:the original 7059: 7055: 7042: 7019: 7010: 6998: 6990: 6985: 6979: 6971: 6955: 6943: 6924: 6897: 6891: 6878: 6866:. Retrieved 6856: 6846: 6832: 6787: 6781: 6771: 6758: 6752: 6742: 6722: 6715: 6695: 6688: 6668: 6661: 6608: 6604: 6594: 6561:. Retrieved 6525: 6521: 6511: 6492: 6486: 6435: 6431: 6422: 6413: 6407: 6399: 6395: 6389: 6378: 6369: 6358:. Retrieved 6354: 6345: 6337: 6332: 6323: 6300: 6289: 6239:Céide Fields 6214: 6081: 5927:Mehrgarh III 5904: 5893: 5882: 5864: 5847: 5832: 5812: 5808:Teppe Zagheh 5803:Chogha Bonut 5791: 5776: 5763: 5747: 5682: 5669:Nanzhuangtou 5660: 5656: 5652:Aşıklı Höyük 5644:Göbekli Tepe 5628: 5584:(10,500 BC) 5570: 5556:(18,000 BC) 5399: 5303: 5302: 5299:Chalcolithic 5293:Chalcolithic 5246: 5242: 5241: 5230:settlements. 5147:Pfyn culture 5024:Chengtoushan 5019:Daxi culture 4938: 4934: 4933: 4877:Nanzhuangtou 4856: 4852: 4851: 4847: 4846: 4811:Chalcolithic 4715:Jōmon period 4551:Daxi culture 4207: 4170: 3839:Stara Zagora 3570:Chogha Bonut 3425:Aşıklı Höyük 3331:Nanzhuangtou 3313:Göbekli Tepe 3273:Tell Qaramel 3244: 3209:Chalcolithic 3167: 3166: 3117: 3104: 3067:Homo sapiens 3065: 3058: 3030: 3016: 3003: 2931: 2899: 2879:long barrows 2843:Central Asia 2840: 2801: 2798: 2783: 2774: 2759:Please help 2747: 2709: 2702: 2687: 2683: 2668: 2666: 2656:, and later 2628: 2540: 2498:Ubaid period 2476:groups with 2471: 2454: 2452: 2431: 2421: 2400: 2345: 2334:, and fields 2291: 2277: 2273:Paleo-Indian 2254: 2251:The Americas 2214: 2202: 2193:Yellow River 2157:Nanzhuangtou 2154: 2134: 2119: 2115: 2109: 2099: 2077: 2025: 1978: 1950: 1936:3500 BC 1882:. They were 1867: 1863: 1861: 1828: 1826: 1780: 1743: 1711: 1695: 1685: 1678: 1671: 1667: 1666:Early PPNB ( 1626:, including 1621: 1605:Tell Qaramel 1598: 1589:Tell Bouqras 1551: 1546: 1542: 1528: 1484:Juris Zarins 1469: 1446: 1415: 1365: 1357: 1338: 1290:Göbekli Tepe 1283: 1236: 1209: 1147:Palaeolithic 1131: 1125:Chalcolithic 828: 819: 808:Please help 803:verification 800: 770: 736: 700: 679: 648: 610:3150 BC. In 593: 577:Chalcolithic 562: 480: 476: 474: 416: 394:Contemporary 368:Protohistory 291: 251:Protohistory 236: 203:Homo sapiens 202: 187:Homo erectus 185: 178: 141: 134: 96:Chalcolithic 48:Aşıklı Höyük 11201:unchambered 11196:Long barrow 11186:Grave goods 11142:Court cairn 11137:Clava cairn 11089:Bowl barrow 11027:Rock cupule 10970:Golden hats 10963:Hill figure 10864:Unstan ware 10844:Cord-marked 10709:Sweet Track 10631:Burnt mound 10552:Stilt house 10540:Sibudu Cave 10333:Tally stick 10301:Quern-stone 10286:Hammerstone 10276:Fire plough 10247:Pesse canoe 10205:Bannerstone 10175:Other tools 10088:Lithic core 10036:Aurignacian 9924:Bare Island 9806:Quern-stone 9436:Uruk period 9250:Paleolithic 9018:5 September 8992:5 September 8818:10125/17022 8789:5 September 8762:5 September 8730:5 September 8550:5 September 8519:5 September 8424:2009-11-01. 8343:CharlesMann 7830:: 549–557. 7119:5 September 6754:Archaeology 6611:(1): 1218. 6428:Diamond, J. 6296:"Neolithic" 5962:Halaf-Ubaid 5917:Mehrgarh II 5889:Chogha Mish 5771:'Ain Ghazal 5699:(7500–5500) 5689:Nabta Playa 5488:Mesopotamia 5056:Xia dynasty 4993:Corded Ware 4297:Nile valley 4251:Pre-Pottery 3914:Philippines 3886:Tell Zeidan 3550:'Ain Ghazal 3451:Nevali Cori 3043:Stone tools 3018:Paleolithic 2980:Konya Plain 2922:Great Lakes 2861:built from 2859:long houses 2806:blades and 2631:subsistence 2609:deer antler 2590:Agriculture 2574:and at the 2552:Stilt-house 2504:concept of 2478:social rank 2322:Model of a 2269:Archaic Era 2257:Mesoamerica 2237:earthenware 2229:South Korea 2102:Balochistan 2013:Vinča signs 1981:La Hoguette 1893:pastoralism 1889:Afroasiatic 1876:East Africa 1872:Rift Valley 1845:pastoralism 1807:Kaf el-Ghar 1799:pastoralism 1750:Nabta Playa 1746:Bir Kiseiba 1679:PPNB récent 1677:Late PPNB ( 1668:PPNB ancien 1661:Mureybetian 1659:(Jericho), 1573:'Ain Ghazal 1571:, found at 1472:'Ain Ghazal 1430:'Ain Ghazal 1345:Emmer wheat 1302:Ain Mallaha 1212:Middle East 1162:Pre-Pottery 856:This box: 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Asia 596:Mesolithic 585:Bronze Age 581:metallurgy 550:settlement 497:'new' and 317:South Asia 279:South Asia 261:Bronze Age 256:Copper Age 229:Mesolithic 157:Prehistory 122:prehistory 82:Mesolithic 11415:Neolithic 11384:symbolism 11248:Tor cairn 11206:Grønsalen 11147:Cremation 11039:Sculpture 11017:Pictogram 11002:Petroform 10822:amber use 10790:Cosmetics 10600:Reservoir 10585:Check dam 10515:Pueblitos 10510:Pit-house 10493:Longhouse 10427:Dwellings 10296:Microlith 10227:Bow drill 10222:Bone tool 10215:prismatic 10024:Acheulean 9939:Cresswell 9912:Arrowhead 9838:Boomerang 9754:Granaries 9716:Terracing 9595:Stone Age 9333:Neolithic 8481:9 October 8378:9 October 8356:9 October 8236:163007590 8227:2376/5746 7993:0028-0836 7681:April 18, 7655:April 18, 7538:162352311 7530:0892-7537 7436:162218030 7428:0892-7537 7385:0892-7537 7332:1476-4687 7024:Routledge 6948:"Jericho" 6635:2041-1723 6448:CiteSeerX 6281:Citations 6264:Tabon Man 6122:Tepe Sabz 5854:Yarmukian 5819:Peiligang 5754:Franchthi 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6013:Mersin 5843:Dimini 5839:Sesklo 5758:Sesklo 5648:Çayönü 5577:Gesher 5481:Tigris 5466:Khabur 5456:Levant 5442:Europe 5421: 5419: 5412: 5410: 5310:Europe 5252:Europe 5089:Horgen 4971:mound. 4945:Europe 4895:Sesklo 4863:Europe 4783:Henges 4665:Jhukar 4339:Europe 4175:, the 4159:Japan 4101:Oaxaca 4076:Tichit 3977:Orkney 3955:Malta 3825:Serbia 3747:Greece 3742:Sesklo 3706:Cyprus 3607:Motza 3555:Jordan 3517:Turkey 3474:India 3456:Turkey 3434:Turkey 3355:Byblos 3298:Greece 3135:Canoes 3093:Atlatl 2984:Turkey 2891:cursus 2877:built 2855:Europe 2836:canoes 2822:, and 2804:sickle 2690:famine 2675:coined 2662:states 2658:cities 2612:plough 2556:Alpine 2474:tribal 2446:, and 2368:states 2352:tribes 2177:Cishan 2173:Yixian 2111:Nature 2073:Sicily 1995:, and 1985:Sesklo 1953:Europe 1899:Europe 1853:Sahara 1609:Aleppo 1577:Jordan 1493:Fayyum 1476:Jordan 1438:Jordan 1390:gypsum 1322:Byblos 1320:, and 1314:Gilgal 1308:, and 1298:Israel 1286:Levant 1222:(e.g. 1220:Levant 1176:Middle 771:before 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